• Categories
• Fondo Monetario Internacional
• Crisis financiera de 2007 – 2008
• Recesión
• Globalización
• País en desarrollo

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The Promise of Global Institutions, Joseph Stiglitz asks the question of why globalisation – a force that has brought so much good – has become so controversial. Then he answers: the critics of globalisation rightly accuse the industrially developed countries led by the United States of hypocrisy. In his view, these developed countries have pushed poor countries to eliminate trade barriers, but kept up their own barriers, preventing developing countries from exporting their agricultural products and therefore depriving them of desperately needed export income. In his view, not only in trade liberalization but also in every other aspect of globalization, even seemingly well-intentioned efforts have often backfired. Underlying the problem of the IMF and other international economic institutions, Stieglitz writes that there is the problem of governance in these institutions. In his view, the IMF and the World Bank are not representative of the nations they serve, and these institutions are dominated not just by the wealthiest industrial countries but also by commercial and financial interests in those countries, and therefore the policies of the institutions naturally reflect interest of these wealthiest states. In his view, the added problem also arises from the fact of who speaks for the developing country at the forums of these institutions - the finance ministers and the central bank governors in the IMF, and at the WTO the trade ministers of these countries - and each of these ministers is closely aligned with particular constituencies within their countries and therefore the interests of these ministers would conflict at each forum. They would not also represent the will of the entire people that they serve.

Because of globalization many people in the world now live longer than before and their standard of living is far better. Globalization also has reduced the sense of isolation felt in much of the developing world and has given many people in the developing countries access to knowledge well beyond the reach of even the wealthiest in any country a century ago. globalization is progress, developing countries must accept it, if they are grow and to fight poverty effectively, but to many in the developing world, globalization has not brought the promised economic benefits. what went wrong with globalization, it’s important to look at the three main institutions that govern it: the IMF (goal: to ensure global economic stability), the World Bank (to reduce poverty), and the WTO (To govern international trade relations, as the institution which had play a role in the international economic system. But as his emphasized, Stiglitz was concerned only with IMF and World Bank, as the center of the major economic issues of the last two decades, including financial crisis and economic transition, he written. He explained the Keynes general theory (lack of sufficient aggregate demand explained economic downturn, government policies could help stimulate aggregate demand) as the solution for the Great Depression.

concluded that it was clear that the IMF has failed in its mission, because had not done what it was supposed to do, like provide funds for countries facing an economic downturn to enable the country to restore itself to close to full employment. Many of the IMF policies premature capital market liberalization have contributed to global instability. In once a country was in crisis, IMF funds and programs not only failed to stabilize the situation but in many cases actually made matters worse, especially for the poor. Thus, IMF failed in its original mission of promoting global stability, it has also been no more successful in the new missions that it has undertaken, such as guiding the transition of countries from communism to a market economy, like what had been happened with Russia case.