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A Project Report for ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (UEE001)

ANSHU JINDAL

Roll Number: 101606032

Submitted to:Mr. Aushotosh Bisht

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT (ECED) THAPAR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY PATIALA-147004, PUNJAB, INDIA June - July 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

PROBLEM STATEMENT ........................................................................... 3

2

COMPONENTS USED ................................................................................ 3 2.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................. 3

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM................................................................................... 3

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WINDING THE COIL.................................................................................. 4 WORKING OF TESLA COIL ..................................................................... 5

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PRECAUTIONS ........................................................................................... 5

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CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 5 APPLICATIONS .......................................................................................... 5

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ADVANTAGES ........................................................................................... 5

10 BIBILIOGRAPHY........................................................................................ 6

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PROBLEM STATEMENT: Implementation of Mini Tesla coil with Tube.

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COMPONENTS USED: 2.1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Magnetic wire a.k.a Enamelled copper wire 22K Resistor 2N2222 Transistor LED Ordinary breadboard wire Any nonconductive cylindrical object 9V Battery (or 5V Supply) Breadboard

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: The circuit diagram of Mini Tesla Coil Project given below is very simple. So let us understand how it works and learn how to build it. The main component in this circuit is the secondary coil (golden color), which is made by winding a magnetic wire (enamelled) around a cylindrical object (any nonconductive object will work). A high current high frequency transistor like 2N2222 is used to supply current through the primary coil (violet color). The whole set up is powered by a 9V battery as shown above. The positive end of the battery reaches the collector of Transistor through the primary coil, and the emitter is grounded. This means that whenever the transistor conducts, current is flown through the primary coil. The LED diode and one end of the secondary coil is also connected to base of transistor to make the circuit oscillate, this way the transistor will send a oscillating current into primary coil. If you want get more technical and learn how the current oscillates you can Google for “Slayer Exciter Circuit”.

Figure 1: Circuit Diagram of 9V Tesla coil with tube 3

So, with this arrangement we have a primary coil which will have an oscillating current, and hence will produce a carrying magnetic flux around it. Now, this coil is wound around the secondary coil and hence a according to law of electromagnetic induction a voltage will be induced in the secondary coil. Since the number of turns in the secondary coil is very large than primary coil, this voltage will be a very high voltage and hence this coil will have a very strong electric flux around it that is powerful enough to glow normal CFL bulbs and is used in Wireless Power Transmission.

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WINDING THE SECONDARY COIL: One very important step in this project is winding the secondary coil. It is a time consuming process and hence do not rush yourself in this part. First of all, you will need a magnetic coil, which is also called as enamelled coil wire. These wires can be found inside relays coils, transformers and even motors. You can either reuse one or buy yourself a new one. The thinner the wire is the better the results will be. Once you are ready with the magnetic wire, you will need a cylindrical object. The only rule while selecting this object is that it should not be conductive, you can select PVC pipes, cardboard roll or even stack 4-5 A4 sheets together and roll them up. The diameter of the cylinder can be anywhere between 5cm to 10cm, and the length should be at least 10cm. The longer the object is more number of turns it can fit in. After getting your coil and cylindrical object, it is time to start the winding process, just wind few turn and use a tape to secure the winding initially and then proceed with the complete winding. Make sure you follow the below tips while winding 1. Wind the coils as close as possible 2. Do not overlap one coil turn over another 3. Try to get a minimum of 150 turns, a value of 300 turns will be typically good.

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WORKING OF TESLA COIL: Before we start building the Tesla coil, it is very important to know how it works. Only then we will be able to build and debug one successfully. The Tesla coil works with the principle of Electromagnetic Induction. According to which, when a conductor is placed under a varying magnetic field, a small current will be induced inside the conductor. For a Tesla coil this conductor will be called as the secondary coil and the varying magnetic field will be produced by the primary coil by passing an oscillating current through the primary coil. It might sound a bit confused, but let us proceed with the circuit diagram where things will be made much clear.

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PRECAUTIONS: 1. Do not use a normal transistor in place of 2N2222, unless you know to select an exact equivalent for this transistor. 2. The resistor 22K need not be exactly the same it can be anywhere from 12K to 30K. 3. Make sure the 9V battery that you are using is brand new, because the cheap batteries will not last more than 5 minutes with this circuit, if you have an Arduino or something which can source you +5V you can also use that. 4. It is completely fine for your coil to have any number of turns, but it should have a minimum of at least 150 turns, you dint have to be very accurate with the count. 5. The circuit can work from 5V to 10V. However don’t push more than 500mA through it 6. The LED has a different purpose other than glowing, it is actually used to switch the transistor so do not ignore it, a RED color LED will work fine. 7. Your LED might or might not glow when the Circuit is powered, you do not have to be worried about it. 8. You might or might not get a spark (arc) at the free end of Secondary coil, you do not have to worry about that either. If you get an Arc do not touch it. 9. Always check if the circuit is working only by using a normal CFL bulb. 10. Adding a metal load (foil paper) on top of secondary coil is optional, but it sure will improve the results but not mandatory to get a basic working output. 11. There is a very little chance for you to hear any hissing sound, so don’t expect it.

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CONCLUSION, APPLICATION & ADVANTAGES: While the Tesla coil does not have much practical application anymore, Tesla’s invention completely revolutionized the way electricity was understood and used. Radios and televisions still use variations of the Tesla coil today. 1. 2. 3.

We are able to generate high voltage with high frequency and it can be used for testing the apparatus for switching surges. It can also be used for study of visual corona and ionization of gasses under electrical stress It can also transmit the electrical power wirelessly up to a certain distance depends upon rating.

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BIBILIOGRAPHY: https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/how-to-make-a-mini-tesla-coil-9v https://www.slideshare.net/rahulchhatrapati/report-on-mini-tesla-coil https://www.livescience.com/46745-how-tesla-coil-works.html https://www.slideshare.net/kamalsoni15/tesla-coil-77116787/18

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