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• Luiz Netto

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Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

22

Table 10-3 Characteristics of Tubing Tube O.D. Inches 1

/4

3

/8

1

/2

5

/8

3

/4

7

/8

1

11/4

11/2

2

B.W.G. Gage

Thickness In.

Internal Area In2

Ft2 External Surface Per Ft Length

22 24 26 27 18 20 22 24 16 18 20 22 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 10 11 12 13 14. 15 16 17 18 20 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 10 12 14 16 11 12 13 14

0.028 0.022 0.018 0.016 0.049 0.035 0.028 0.022 0.065 0.049 0.035 0.028 0.109 0.095 0.083 0.072 0.065 0.058 0.049 0.042 0.035 0.134 0.120 0.109 0.095 0.083 0.072 0.065 0.058 0.049 0.035 0.134 0.120 0.109 0.095 0.083 0.072 0.065 0.058 0.049 0.035 0.165 0.134 0.120 0.109 0.095 0.083 0.072 0.065 0.049 0.035 0.180 0.165 0.134 0.120 0.109 0.095 0.083 0.065 0.049 0.035 0.134 0.109 0.083 0.065 0.120 0.109 0.095 0.083

0.0296 0.0333 0.0360 0.0373 0.0603 0.0731 0.0799 0.0860 0.1075 0.1269 0.1452 0.1548 0.1301 0.1486 0.1655 0.1817 0.1924 0.2035 0.2181 0.2299 0.2419 0.1825 0.2043 0.2223 0.2463 0.2679 0.2884 0.3019 0.3157 0.3339 0.3632 0.2894 0.3167 0.3390 0.3685 0.3948 0.4197 0.4359 0.4525 0.4742 0.5090 0.3526 0.4208 0.4536 0.4803 0.5153 0.5463 0.5755 0.5945 0.6390 0.6793 0.6221 0.6648 0.7574 0.8012 0.8365 0.8825 0.9229 0.9852 1.0423 1.0936 1.1921 1.2908 1.3977 1.4741 2.4328 2.4941 2.5730 2.6417

0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.0982 0.0982 0.0982 0.0982 0.1309 0.1309 0.1309 0.1309 0.1636 0.1636 0.1636 0.1636 0.1636 0.1636 0.1636 0.1636 0.1636 0.1963 0.1963 0.1963 0.1963 0.1963 0.1963 0.1963 0.1963 0.1963 0.1963 0.2291 0.2291 0.2291 0.2291 0.2291 0.2291 0.2291 0.2291 0.2291 0.2291 0.2618 0.2618 0.2618 0.2618 0.2618 0.2618 0.2618 0.2618 0.2618 0.2618 0.3272 0.3272 0.3272 0.3272 0.3272 0.3272 0.3272 0.3272 0.3272 0.3272 0.3927 0.3927 0.3927 0.3927 0.5236 0.5236 0.5236 0.5236

Ft2 Internal Surface Per Ft Length

Weight Per Ft Length Steel Lb*

Tube I.D. In.

Moment of Inertia In.4

Section Modulus In.3

Radius of Gyration In.

Constant C**

O.D. I.D.

Transverse Metal Area In.2

0.0508 0.0539 0.0560 0.0571 0.0725 0.0798 0.0835 0.0867 0.0969 0.1052 0.1126 0.1162 0.1066 0.1139 0.1202 0.1259 0.1296 0.1333 0.1380 0.1416 0.1453 0.1262 0.1335 0.1393 0.1466 0.1529 0.1587 0.1623 0.1660 0.1707 0.1780 0.1589 0.1662 0.1720 0.1793 0.1856 0.1914 0.1950 0.1987 0.2034 0.2107 0.1754 0.1916 0.1990 0.2047 0.2121 0.2183 0.2241 0.2278 0.2361 0.2435 0.2330 0.2409 0.2571 0.2644 0.2702 0.2775 0.2838 0.2932 0.3016 0.3089 0.3225 0.3356 0.3492 0.3587 0.4608 0.4665 0.4739 0.4801

0.066 0.054 0.045 0.040 0.171 0.127 0.104 0.083 0.302 0.236 0.174 0.141 0.601 0.538 0.481 0.426 0.389 0.352 0.302 0.262 0.221 0.833 0.808 0.747 0.665 0.592 0.522 0.476 0.429 0.367 0.268 1.062 0.969 0.893 0.792 0.703 0.618 0.563 0.507 0.433 0.314 1.473 1.241 1.129 1.038 0.919 0.814 0.714 0.650 0.498 0.361 2.059 1.914 1.599 1.450 1.330 1.173 1.036 0.824 0.629 0.455 1.957 1.621 1.257 0.997 2.412 2.204 1.935 1.701

0.194 0.206 0.214 0.218 0.277 0.305 0.319 0.331 0.370 0.402 0.430 0.444 0.407 0.435 0.459 0.481 0.495 0.509 0.527 0.541 0.555 0.482 0.510 0.532 0.560 0.584 0.606 0.620 0.634 0.652 0.680 0.607 0.635 0.657 0.685 0.709 0.731 0.745 0.759 0.777 0.805 0.670 0.732 0.760 0.782 0.810 0.834 0.856 0.870 0.902 0.930 0.890 0.920 0.982 1.010 1.032 1.060 1.084 1.120 1.152 1.180 1.232 1.282 1.334 1.370 1.760 1.782 1.810 1.834

0.00012 0.00010 0.00009 0.00008 0.00068 0.00055 0.00046 0.00038 0.0021 0.0018 0.0014 0.0012 0.0061 0.0057 0.0053 0.0049 0.0045 0.0042 0.0037 0.0033 0.0028 0.0129 0.0122 0.0116 0.0107 0.0098 0.0089 0.0083 0.0076 0.0067 0.0050 0.0221 0.0208 0.0196 0.0180 0.0164 0.0148 0.0137 0.0125 0.0109 0.0082 0.0392 0.0350 0.0327 0.0307 0.0280 0.0253 0.0227 0.0210 0.0166 0.0124 0.0890 0.0847 0.0742 0.0688 0.0642 0.0579 0.0521 0.0426 0.0334 0.0247 0.1354 0.1159 0.0931 0.0756 0.3144 0.2904 0.2586 0.2300

0.00098 0.00083 0.00071 0.00065 0.0036 0.0029 0.0025 0.0020 0.0086 0.0071 0.0056 0.0046 0.0197 0.0183 0.0170 0.0156 0.0145 0.0134 0.0119 0.0105 0.0091 0.0344 0.0326 0.0309 0.0285 0.0262 0.0238 0.0221 0.0203 0.0178 0.0134 0.0505 0.0475 0.0449 0.0411 0.0374 0.0337 0.0312 0.0285 0.0249 0.0187 0.0784 0.0700 0.0654 0.0615 0.0559 0.0507 0.0455 0.0419 0.0332 0.0247 0.1425 0.1355 0.1187 0.1100 0.1027 0.0926 0.0833 0.0682 0.0534 0.0395 0.1806 0.1545 0.1241 0.1008 0.3144 0.2904 0.2586 0.2300

0.0791 0.0810 0.0823 0.0829 0.1166 0.1208 0.1231 0.1250 0.1555 0.1604 0.1649 0.1672 0.1865 0.1904 0.1939 0.1972 0.1993 0.2015 0.2044 0.2067 0.2090 0.2229 0.2267 0.2299 0.2340 0.2376 0.2411 0.2433 0.2455 0.2484 0.2531 0.2662 0.2703 0.2736 0.2778 0.2815 0.2850 0.2873 0.2896 0.2925 0.2972 0.3009 0.3098 0.3140 0.3174 0.3217 0.3255 0.3291 0.3314 0.3367 0.3414 0.3836 0.3880 0.3974 0.4018 0.4052 0.4097 0.4136 0.4196 0.4250 0.4297 0.4853 0.4933 0.5018 0.5079 0.6660 0.6697 0.6744 0.6784

46 52 56 58 94 114 125 134 168 198 227 241 203 232 258 283 300 317 340 359 377 285 319 347 384 418 450 471 492 521 567 451 494 529 575 616 655 680 706 740 794 550 656 708 749 804 852 898 927 997 1060 970 1037 1182 1250 1305 1377 1440 1537 1626 1706 1860 2014 2180 2300 3795 3891 4014 4121

1.289 1.214 1.168 1.147 1.354 1.230 1.176 1.133 1.351 1.244 1.163 1.126 1.536 1.437 1.362 1.299 1.263 1.228 1.186 1.155 1.126 1.556 1.471 1.410 1.339 1.284 1.238 1.210 1.183 1.150 1.103 1.442 1.378 1.332 1.277 1.234 1.197 1.174 1.153 1.126 1.087 1.493 1.366 1.316 1.279 1.235 1.199 1.168 1.149 1.109 1.075 1.404 1.359 1.273 1.238 1.211 1.179 1.153 1.116 1.085 1.059 1.218 1.170 1.124 1.095 1.136 1.122 1.105 1.091

0.0195 0.0158 0.0131 0.0118 0.0502 0.0374 0.0305 0.0244 0.0888 0.0694 0.0511 0.0415 0.177 0.158 0.141 0.125 0.114 0.103 0.089 0.077 0.065 0.259 0.238 0.219 0.195 0.174 0.153 0.140 0.126 0.108 0.079 0.312 0.285 0.262 0.233 0.207 0.182 0.165 0.149 0.127 0.092 0.433 0.365 0.332 0.305 0.270 0.239 0.210 0.191 0.146 0.106 0.605 0.562 0.470 0.426 0.391 0.345 0.304 0.242 0.185 0.134 0.575 0.476 0.369 0.293 0.709 0.648 0.569 0.500

*Weights are based on low carbon steel with a density of 0.2836 lb/in.3 For other metals multiply by the following factors: Aluminum 0.35 A.I.S.I. 300 Series S/Steels 1.02 Titanium 0.58 Aluminum Bronze 1.04 A.I.S.I. 400 Series S/Steels 0.99 Aluminum Brass 1.06 lb per tube hour **Liquid Velocity 5 in. ft per sec (sp. gr. of water at 60°F 5 1.0) C 3 sp. gr. of liquid

Nickel-Chrome-Iron Admiralty Nickel

1.07 1.09 1.13

Nickel-Copper Copper and Cupro-Nickels

1.12 1.14

Used by permission: Standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, 7th Ed., Table D-7, © 1988. Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Heat Transfer

23

Table 10-4 Thermal Conductivity of Metals Btu/hr ft °F Temp. °F

70

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

30.0

29.9

29.2

28.4

27.6

26.6

25.6

24.6

23.5

22.5

21.4

20.2

19.0

17.6

16.2

15.6

24.8

25.0

25.2

25.1

24.8

24.3

23.7

23.0

22.2

21.4

20.4

19.5

18.4

16.7

15.3

15.0

21.3 20.9 16.9

21.5 21.0 17.3

21.9 21.3 18.1

22.0 21.5 18.7

21.9 21.5 19.1

21.7 21.4 19.2

21.3 21.1 19.2

20.8 20.7 19.0

20.2 20.2 18.7

19.7 19.7 18.4

19.1 19.1 18.0

18.5 18.5 17.6

17.7 18.0 17.1

16.5 17.2 16.6

15.0 15.6 16.0

14.8 15.3 15.8

7 Cr1/2 Mo 9 Cr-1 Mo 3-1/2 Nickel 13 Cr 15 Cr

14.1 12.8 22.9 15.2 14.2

14.4 13.1 23.2 15.3 14.2

15.3 14.0 23.8 15.5 14.4

16.0 14.7 24.1 15.6 14.5

16.5 15.2 23.9 15.8 14.6

16.9 15.6 23.4 15.8 14.7

17.1 15.9 22.9 15.9 14.7

17.2 16.0 22.3 15.9 14.8

17.3 16.1 21.6 15.9 14.8

17.2 16.1 20.9 15.9 14.8

17.1 16.1 20.1 15.8 14.8

16.8 16.0 19.2 15.6 14.8

16.6 15.8 18.2 15.3 14.8

16.2 15.6 16.9 15.1 14.8

15.6 15.2 15.5 15.0 14.8

15.5 15.0 15.3 15.0 14.8

17 Cr TP 304 Stn. Stl. TP 316 & 317 Stn. Stl. TP 321 & 347 Stn. Stl. TP 310 Stn. Stl.

12.6 8.6

12.7 8.7

12.8 9.3

13.0 9.8

13.1 10.4

13.2 10.9

13.3 11.3

13.4 11.8

13.5 12.2

13.6 12.7

13.7 13.2

13.8 13.6

13.9 14.0

14.1 14.5

14.3 14.9

14.5 15.3

7.7

7.9

8.4

9.0

9.5

10.0

10.5

11.0

11.5

12.0

12.4

12.9

13.3

13.8

14.2

14.6

8.1

8.4

8.8

9.4

9.9

10.4

10.9

11.4

11.9

12.3

12.8

13.3

13.7

14.1

14.6

15.0

7.3

7.5

8.0

8.6

9.1

9.6

10.1

10.6

11.1

11.6

12.1

12.6

13.1

13.6

14.1

14.5

12.6

12.9

38.8 13.9

37.2 15.0

35.4 16.1

34.1 17.0

32.5 17.9

31.8 18.9

32.5 19.8

33.1 20.9

33.8 22.0

8.6

8.7

9.1

9.6

10.1

10.6

11.1

11.6

12.1

12.6

13.2

13.8

14.3

14.9

15.5

16.0

6.7

6.8

7.4

8.0

8.6

9.1

9.6

10.1

10.6

11.1

11.6

12.1

12.7

13.2

13.8

14.5

7.1

7.6

8.1

8.6

9.1

9.6

10.0

10.4

10.9

11.4

11.8

12.4

12.9

13.6

6.1

6.4

6.7

7.0

7.4

7.7

8.2

8.7

9.3

10.0

10.7

5.9

6.4

7.0

7.5

8.1

8.7

9.2

9.8

10.4

11.0

11.5

102.3

102.8

104.2

105.2

106.1

96.1

96.9

99.0

100.6

101.9

12.7

12.5

11.6

Material Carbon Steel C-1/2 Moly Steel 1 Cr-1/2 Mo & 11/4 Cr-1/2 Mo 2-1/4 Cr-1 Mo 5 Cr1/2 Mo

Nickel 200 Ni-Cu Alloy 400 Ni-Cr-Fe Alloy 600 Ni-Fe-Cr Alloy 800 Ni-Fe-Cr-MoCu Alloy 825 Ni-Mo Alloy B Ni-Mo-Cr Alloy C-276 Aluminum Alloy 3003 Aluminum Alloy 6061 Titanium

12.0

11.7

11.5

11.3

11.2

11.1

11.2

11.3

11.4

Admiralty Naval Brass Copper 90-10 Cu-Ni 70-30 Cu-Ni

70.0 71.0 225.0 30.0 18.0

75.0 74.0 225.0 31.0 19.0

79.0 77.0 224.0 34.0 21.0

84.0 80.0 224.0 37.0 23.0

89.0 83.0 223.0 42.0 25.0

47.0 27.0

49.0 30.0

51.0 33.0

53.0 37.0

Muntz Zirconium Cr-Mo Alloy XM-27 Cr-Ni-Fe-MoCu-Cb (Alloy 20Cb)

71.0 12.0 11.3

Ni-CrMo-Cb (Alloy 625)

12.1

13.2

11.0

12.0

7.6

5.67

5.83

6.25

References: ASME Sect. VIII, Div. 2, 1986 Edition Huntington Alloy Inc. Bul. #15M1-76T-42.

7.25

8.17

A.I.M.E. Tech. Publications Nos. 291, 360 & 648 Teledyne Wah Chang Albany Trans. A.S.S.T. Vol. 21 pp. 1061—1078

9.08

10.08

Babcock & Wilcox Co. American Brass Co. Airco, Inc.

(Used by permission: Standards of Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, 7th Ed., Table D-12, © 1988 and 1991. All rights reserved.) Errata Note: k 5 BTU/(hr)(ft)(°Ft).

Cabot-Stellite Carpenter Technology International Nickel Co.