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• LORAINE CAUSADO BARON

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Student guide #3 Activity 1 Look at the following expressions. Put them into the correct category.     

admit making a mistake make up an excuse shift the blame keep a promise tell a lie / tell the truth

Taking responsibility

Avoiding responsibility

Activity 2 Complete each conversation with one of the expressions from activity 1. Pay attention to the tense in which each sentence is written. 1 Riya:

I thought you were coming to my birthday party! Where were you Saturday night?

José:

I'm sorry I missed your party. I'll __________ I just forgot about it.

2 Melissa: I just realized that I emailed some important documents to the wrong client. I have to tell my boss, but I'm afraid of what she'll say! Michael: She may be upset, but I think she'll appreciate the fact that you're ___________. 3 Habib: What did your teacher say about the book you lost? Miyuki:I didn't tell him that I lost it. I said I left it on my desk and someone must have taken it. Habib: So you _________________. That wasn't very responsible! 4

Leo:

Do you believe Mark really overslept this morning?

Lucia: I don't know, but I wouldn't be surprised if he just _______________ for missing the meeting. I've heard him lie about things before. 5 Anton: I agreed to babysit my sister's kids on Saturday, but now I've been invited to a great concert that night. Chloe: Are you going to tell your sister that you can't help her out? Anton: No. As much as I'd like to see the concert, I'll ________________ to my sister. I think it's important to be trustworthy. 6 Nadia: Why are you making your son stay home tonight? Wing: It's his punishment for _________________. He needs to learn that honesty is the best policy!

Activity 3 3.1 Complete the following sentences using adjective clauses 1.

Anyone ________ says he or she always tells the truth is probably lying.

2. There are certain situations ________ often lead to telling lies. 1.

It feels awful to lie to the people to ________ you've promised to tell the truth.

2. I expect there are certain places ________ people have a greater tendency to tell lies. 3. I wouldn't criticize someone ________ lies are only to protect people's feelings. 4. People ________ worry about the feelings of others will sometimes tell "little white lies." 5. Have you ever told a lie for ________ you were rewarded? 6. Describe a time ________ you were punished for telling the truth. 3.2 Complete each sentence with the correct relative pronoun. Do not add any prepositions 1.

Do you think that the participants ________diaries were most detailed were the most honest?

2. 2Has there ever been a time ________ you've been asked to take part in a psychological study? 3. I have a friend who works in a lab ________ researchers study how lies affect the human brain.

4. Who are the people to ________ we tell the most white lies? 5. There's something ________ I need to tell you, but I'm afraid you won't like it. 6. Do you think that people ________ can lie gracefully have good social skills? 7. These are the situations in ________ people tend to make up an excuse. 8. If there's ever a day ________ I'm sure I don't tell any lies, it must be a day of no communication with anyone.

Activity 4 Listen to the lecture and choose the correct answer. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

The speaker believes that most people choose a charity based on a) logic. b) data. c) emotion. He says it's important to check that a charity a) gives most of the money to the people it's meant for. b) has a good humanitarian record. c) isn't using false advertising. When the speaker says "hard data," he means information a) that was difficult to acquire. b) that is common knowledge. c) that is based on scientific studies. Which of these is an example of a "commitment device"? a) a savings account that you can't access for a specific length of time b) a checking account that you use to pay bills c) a credit account that you can borrow from when necessary Why did the organizations decide to try a commitment device with the schoolchildren? a) because children aren't good at saving money b) because studies have shown that commitment devices are effective c) because they wanted to provide a small amount of money each week Why did the researchers expect the "hard" commitment device to work best? a) because it required children to save the most money b) because it gave the money back in cash c) because it paid out with a voucher that could only be used for school supplies Why was the "soft" commitment device more effective? a) because kids who were going to get cash back saved more money b) because it didn't change the children's usual spending habits c) because the children could only spend the money on school supplies The speaker's main reason for describing the Uganda study is a) that he wants to show how effective commitment devices are. b) that research is the best way to get accurate information.

c) that poor children are capable of saving money.

Activity 5 5.1 Click on the correct place or places in the sentence and type a comma 1.

They knew I was lying which embarrassed us all.

2. He made up an excuse for not coming to the party which was totally unnecessary. 3. My roommate was borrowing my things which annoyed me so I started locking my door. 4. Jack took out a big loan to buy a car which was a bad idea and later he regretted that decision. 5. She admitted her mistake and apologized which was the right thing to do. 6. I accidentally broke a vase which made me feel very bad and I promised to replace it. 7. People didn't always return the books they borrowed which drove me crazy so I don't lend books out anymore. 8. They brought flowers when they came over for dinner which was a nice gesture. 5.2 Combine each pair of sentences into one, using a comment clause with which. 1.

Bob talks too much in meetings. It annoys everyone else.

2. Nancy is often late. It irritates me. 3. I made an apology. It wasn't easy. 4. I let things get out of hand. That was a mistake, so I had to set things right. 5. I borrowed her earrings and lost them. That was careless of me, so I need to replace them. 6. He borrowed my phone and broke it. That embarrassed him, and he promised to pay for it. 7. I offered to pay for the damage. It was the least I could do under the circumstances. 8. He offered to help with expenses. That was very good of him, but we said it wouldn't be necessary.