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IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, IEEE Std 90003™-2008 Mechanical, and Durability IEEE Std 90003™-2008 Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV

IEEE Power & Energy Society

Sponsored by the Transmission and Distribution Committee

IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA

IEEE Std 1656™-2010

28 February 2011

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IEEE Std 1656™-2010

IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV Sponsor

Transmission and Distribution Committee of the

IEEE Power & Energy Society Approved 30 September 2010

IEEE-SA Standards Board

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Abstract: This guide is applicable to wildlife protective products installed on overhead electrical distribution systems rated up to and including 38 kV. Test recommendations regarding these products that are in direct contact or in the proximity of energized parts and conductors are provided in this guide. Keywords: tests for wildlife protective products, wildlife deterrent, wildlife guard, wildlife protective product

•

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright © 2011 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 28 February 2011. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated. PDF: Print:

ISBN 978-0-7381-6450-2 ISBN 978-0-7381-6451-9

STD97013 STDPD97013

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Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1656-2010, IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV.

This is a guide to promote standardized methods for the evaluation of the electrical, mechanical, and material aspects of wildlife guards and deterrents. This guide was prepared by the Wildlife Protective Products Working Group, part of the IEEE Distribution Subcommittee.

Notice to users

Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so.

Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private selfregulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document.

Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web site at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at http://standards.ieee.org.

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Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically.

Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html.

Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or nondiscriminatory. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association.

Participants At the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Wildlife Protective Products Working Group had the following membership: Caryn M. Riley, Chair Harry Hayes, Secretary Matt Abelson John Ainscough Paul Alvarado Darren Barnett John Banting Brian Boisclair Jim Bouford Jim Burrus Raymond Capra Heide Caswell Tom Champion Ed Cherney Lynn Cleckler Randy Cole Len Consalvo Mark Dedon Steve Elder

Alfred Flojo Keith Frost Dave Gilmer Bob Glembocki John Goodfellow Bob Hartman Donald Laird Frank Lambert Ray Lings Kathryn Maher Lou Mass John McDaniel Bryan McNulty Paul Moore Norris Nicholson Paul Patrick Michael Pehosh

Bob Peters Charlie Poston Carl Potvin Luis Puigcerver Rodney Robinson Andy Schwalm Cheong Sien Mike Stine Betty Toon Luis Varillas Joe Viglietta David Wang Dan Ward Cheri Warren Lee Welch Val Werner Charlie Williams

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The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Gary Heuston Raymond Hill Gael Kennedy Morteza Khodaie Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu Scott Lacy Donald Laird Chung-Yiu Lam Frank Lambert Federico Lopez William Lowe Michael Lynch Kathryn Maher Keith Malmedal John McDaniel Peter Meyer Gary Michel Daniel Mulkey Michael S. Newman Charles Ngethe Donald Parker

William J. Ackerman Stan Arnot Ali Al Awazi Darren Barnett Thomas Basso Steven Bezner Harvey Bowles Michael Comber Tommy Cooper F. Denbrock Gary Engmann Alfred Flojo Marcel Fortin George Gela Waymon Goch Jalal Gohari Manuel Gonzalez Edwin Goodwin Randall Groves Jeffrey Hartenberger Steven Hensley

Michael Pehosh Keith Reese Caryn M. Riley Thomas Rozek Bob Saint Bartien Sayogo Devki Sharma Michael Smalley James Smith John Spare Carl Stine Joseph Tumidajski A. John Vandermaar John Vergis Waldemar Von Miller Daniel Ward John Ware Kenneth White Shaun Whitey Alan Wilks Theodore Zeiss

When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 30 September 2010, it had the following membership: Robert M. Grow, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Steve M. Mills, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Karen Bartleson Victor Berman Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Andy Drozd Alexander Gelman Jim Hughes

Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen

Ronald C. Petersen Thomas Prevost Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Don Wright

*Member Emeritus

Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Lisa Perry IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development

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Contents 1. Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. Normative references.................................................................................................................................. 2 3. Definitions .................................................................................................................................................. 2 4. Service conditions ...................................................................................................................................... 3 4.1 Usual service conditions ...................................................................................................................... 3 4.2 Unusual service conditions .................................................................................................................. 3 5. Test procedures........................................................................................................................................... 3 5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 3 5.2 Wet withstand ...................................................................................................................................... 3 5.3 Wet power frequency flashover ........................................................................................................... 5 5.4 Lightning impulse withstand ............................................................................................................... 5 5.5 Cold temperature test ........................................................................................................................... 6 5.6 Ultraviolet aging .................................................................................................................................. 6 5.7 Salt fog aging—Testing for unusual service conditions ...................................................................... 6 5.8 Retention testing .................................................................................................................................. 7 5.9 Flammability testing ............................................................................................................................ 7 5.10 Radio-influence voltage test .............................................................................................................. 8 6. Test fixtures ................................................................................................................................................ 8 6.1 Bushing guards .................................................................................................................................... 8 6.2 Fused or solid blade cutout guards ...................................................................................................... 8 6.3 Surge arrester guards ........................................................................................................................... 8 6.4 Conductor/insulator guards .................................................................................................................. 8 6.5 Deterrents, perches, and manufactured nests ....................................................................................... 9 6.6 Other test fixtures ................................................................................................................................ 9 7. Testing sequences ....................................................................................................................................... 9

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IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html.

1. Overview 1.1 Scope This guide is applicable to wildlife protective products installed on overhead electrical distribution systems rated up to and including 38 kV. The guide provides test recommendations regarding these products that are in direct contact or in the proximity of energized parts and conductors.

1.2 Purpose The purpose of this guide is to recommend test procedures to evaluate the electrical, mechanical, and durability performance of wildlife protective products. The guide provides the end user with test recommendations to ensure that these products will not compromise the dielectric performance of the supporting structure, will not cause premature failure due to normal environmental conditions, and will minimize the possibility of a momentary or permanent outage to the electrical system in the event of wildlife interaction.

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IEEE Std 1656-2010 IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV

2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. ANSI C29.1, Test Methods for Electrical Power Insulators.1 ASTM D4329, Standard Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of Plastics.2 ASTM G154, Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials. IEC 60695-11-10, Fire hazard testing — Part 11-10: Test flames — 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods.3 IEEE Std 4™, IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing.4, 5 NEMA CC 1, Electric Power Connection for Substations.6

3. Definitions For the purposes of this guide, the following terms and definitions apply. The Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause.7 live-line tool: An insulating tool, typically made of fiberglass, that is designed for use on, or in the vicinity of, high-voltage equipment. Common names for such live-line tools include hot stick, switching stick, etc. wildlife deterrent: A device designed to deter perching of birds or access by other animals to an area where high voltages are present. wildlife guard: A device, guard, or structure that is intended to avert contact by wildlife by providing electrical isolation from high-voltage equipment. NOTE—Also referred to as a wildlife protective device. These devices are installed to protect the electric delivery system.

1 ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http://www.ansi.org/). 2 ASTM publications are available from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA (http://www.astm.org/). 3 IEC publications are available from the Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Case Postale 131, 3, rue de Varembé, CH-1211, Genève 20, Switzerland/Suisse (http://www.iec.ch/). IEC publications are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA. 4 This publication is available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http://standards.ieee.org/). 5 The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 6 NEMA publications are available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112, USA (http://global.ihs.com/). 7 The Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions is available at http://shop.ieee.org/.

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IEEE Std 1656-2010 IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV

4. Service conditions 4.1 Usual service conditions Devices conforming to this guide should be suitable for operation provided that a)

The ambient temperature is not above 40 °C or below −25 °C.

b)

Sustained winds do not exceed 97 km/h.

c)

Industrial, salt air, or agriculture contamination is minimal.

4.2 Unusual service conditions Unusual service conditions include, but are not limited to, service conditions that exceed the conditions defined in 4.1 or extremes in a)

Salt air or significant contamination

b)

Damaging fumes or corrosive liquids

c)

Excessive or abrasive dust

5. Test procedures 5.1 General It is recognized that representative testing or testing of products from the same manufacturer of similar design, similar application, and same material may be acceptable and transferable at the discretion of the user and manufacturer.

5.2 Wet withstand 5.2.1 Option 1—Moving electrode This test is performed on three samples of the design under consideration. This test is to be performed on wildlife guards or deterrents that are applied directly in contact or adjacent to energized parts. Install the sample per the manufacturer’s instructions onto the applicable test fixture as specified in Clause 6. The moving electrode consists of a live-line tool with a grounded probe at the tip. The grounded probe should be formed with a 2 cm to 3 cm diameter rounded end of No. 6 AWG wire as shown in Figure 1. It should be without sharp points/edges. The live-line tool shall be designed for use with high voltages and shall not be a design that can trap water between sections or within its core. Connect the ground lead from the end of the live-line tool to the test set ground.

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IEEE Std 1656-2010 IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV

2 -3 cm diameter NOTE—The intent is to have no sharp points or edges and be small enough to contact the sample without bridging the entire sample.8

Figure 1 —Example of rounded probe Connect the test fixture phase conductor to an ac voltage source. Apply a voltage to the phase conductor. The voltage should be 120% of the nominal voltage of the system for which the sample is rated. For example, a wildlife guard or deterrent rated for a 38 kV (phase-to-phase) system would be tested at 26 kV (phase-to-ground) (120% of the phase-to-ground rated voltage). For surge arrester guards, the applied voltage should not exceed the maximum continuous operating voltage (MCOV) of the test fixture arrester. Establish and record precipitation conditions as per the standard test procedure specified in IEEE Std 4.9 WARNING The operator using the live-line tool should wear personal protective equipment appropriate to the task and applicable safety requirements. Maintain proper clearance from the ground lead of the probe should a flashover or dielectric puncture of the test sample occur. Bring the moving electrode into close proximity with the sample. Contact the sample near the center or the point furthest from the bare energized conductor. Move the electrode across all surfaces of the sample, approaching to within 5 cm (−0 cm, +2 cm) of the exposed, energized conductor at the end of the sample. If flashover occurs with the probe at 5 cm, the distance can be extended and should be reported in the test report. If a bare energized conductor is not exposed at the end of a sample, such as a bushing guard, the moving electrode can be passed over the end of the sample and onto the adjacent insulating surface. The motion should be such that the electrode is moved continuously across the surface, but at a rate not greater than 15 cm/s. The test is complete when all exterior surfaces have been swept by the probe. The wildlife guard or deterrent passes the wet withstand test if all three samples do not puncture or flash over. 5.2.2 Option 2—Fixed electrode This test is performed on three samples of the design under consideration. This test is to be performed on wildlife guards or deterrents that are applied directly in contact or adjacent to energized parts. Install the sample per the manufacturer’s instructions onto the applicable test fixture as specified in Clause 6. Wrap solidly grounded conductive material across all surfaces of the sample, approaching to within 5 cm (−0 cm, +2 cm) of the exposed, energized conductor at the end of the sample. To ensure proper contact between the mesh and the sample surface, shape the mesh as needed and apply plastic bands where needed to stabilize the shaped mesh. Connect the test fixture phase conductor to an ac voltage source. If flashover occurs with the conductive material at 5 cm, the distance can be extended and should be reported in the test report. Establish and record precipitation conditions as per the standard test procedure in IEEE Std 4. 8 Notes in text, tables, and figures of a standard are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement this standard. 9 For information on references, see Clause 2.

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IEEE Std 1656-2010 IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV

Apply a voltage to the phase conductor. The test duration should be 1 min per IEEE Std 4. The voltage should be 120% of the nominal voltage of the system for which the sample is rated. For example, a wildlife guard or deterrent rated for a 38 kV (phase-to-phase) system would be tested at 26 kV (phase-to-ground) (120% of the phase-to-ground rated voltage). For surge arrester guards, the applied voltage should not exceed the MCOV of the test fixture arrester. The wildlife guard or deterrent passes the wet withstand test if all three samples do not puncture or flash over.

5.3 Wet power frequency flashover This test is performed on three samples of the design under consideration. This test is to be performed on wildlife guards or deterrents that are applied directly in contact or adjacent to energized parts. Establish and record precipitation conditions as per the standard test procedure in IEEE Std 4. Perform a low-frequency wet flashover voltage test per 4.3.4 and 4.3.5 of ANSI C29.1-1988 on the applicable test fixture as specified in Clause 6 of this document without the sample installed. This provides a baseline flashover value against which the test object will be compared. The flashover value should be obtained as the average of five consecutive disruptive discharges. Install the sample per the manufacturer’s instructions and repeat the low-frequency wet flashover voltage test. The device passes the wet power frequency flashover test if the average flashover value of all three samples is not less than 90% of the value obtained on the test fixture alone.

5.4 Lightning impulse withstand This test is performed on three samples of the design under consideration. This test is to be performed on wildlife guards or deterrents that are applied directly in contact or adjacent to energized parts. Install the sample per the manufacturer’s instructions onto the applicable test fixture as specified in Clause 6. Connect the test fixture phase conductor to a high-voltage impulse generator. Perform an impulse withstand test as specified in 7.8.2.3 (Withstand voltage test—Procedure C) of IEEE Std 4-1995. This test should be performed with a peak voltage equal to the BIL level (0%, +3%) of the test fixture. The sample should be tested with both positive and negative polarity impulses. Perform atmospheric corrections of the test results as specified in IEEE Std 4. As stated in 7.8.2.3 of IEEE Std 4-1995, the pass/fail criteria are as follows: “If no disruptive discharge occurs, the test object has passed the test. If more than one disruptive discharge occurs, the test object has failed to pass the test. If one disruptive discharge occurs in the self-restoring part of the insulation, then nine additional impulses are applied and, if no disruptive discharge occurs, the test object has passed the test. If any evidence of failure in a non self-restoring part of the insulation is observed with the detection methods specified by the appropriate apparatus standard during any part of the test, the test object has failed to pass the test.” The wildlife guard or deterrent passes the lightning impulse withstand test if all three samples meet these criteria and show no evidence of puncture.

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IEEE Std 1656-2010 IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV

5.5 Cold temperature test This test is performed on a minimum of three samples of the design under consideration. Install each sample per the manufacturer’s instructions onto the applicable test fixture as specified in Clause 6 and using the maximum conductor size. Place the test assembly in an environmental chamber at a temperature of −25 °C ± 2 °C for a minimum of 4 h. Alternate temperatures based on service area extremes may be specified by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and user. While within the chamber or after removing the test sample from the chamber, remove and reinstall the sample a minimum of five times consecutively within 1 min. Failure is described as the presence of any crack or split created by repeated installations that can be seen by the naked eye under normal laboratory lighting conditions or the inability of the sample to be reinstalled.

5.6 Ultraviolet aging This test is performed on three samples of the design under consideration. The test samples are placed in an ultraviolet light aging chamber per the requirements in ASTM D4329. Samples are aged for a period of 1000 h using UV-A type lamps having a peak emission at 340 nm. Conditions in the test chamber follow a repeating cycle consisting of 8 h of UV exposure at 60 °C followed by 4 h of condensation exposure at 50 °C. This is in accordance with Table X2.1 of ASTM G154-2006. The condition of the test samples before and after this test should be documented in the report. There is no specific pass/fail criterion for this test.

5.7 Salt fog aging—Testing for unusual service conditions This test is performed on three samples of the design under consideration when the device will be used in an unusual service condition and applied directly in contact or adjacent to energized parts. Each test sample is installed per the manufacturer’s instructions onto the applicable test fixture as specified in Clause 6. The assembly is then placed in a salt fog chamber that allows exposure to a salt spray mist having a conductivity of 370 Ω-cm to 400 Ω-cm (0.25 S/m to 0.27 S/m). During the aging process, the samples should be exposed to a fixed voltage applied to the high-voltage terminal of the test fixture. The fixed voltage should be the nominal voltage of the system for which the sample is rated. For surge arrester guards, the applied voltage should not exceed the MCOV of the test fixture arrester. Mounting brackets should be grounded during the testing along with any other normally grounded adjacent objects. The following are the test parameters: ⎯

AC voltage: Continuous application of voltage with a tolerance of ±3%.

⎯

Voltage source: The test circuit when loaded with a resistive current of 250 mA (r.m.s.) on the high-voltage side shall experience a maximum voltage drop of 5%.

⎯

Salt spray: Application of salt fog for 4 h, followed by a 4 h period with no salt fog. The fogging characteristics of the test chamber should be included in the test report.

The total aging period is 1000 h. In the event of a flashover during aging, two attempts will be made to restore voltage. If it is not possible to resume the aging process, the sample is removed from the test apparatus. Premature removal from the aging process constitutes a failure. 6 Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.

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IEEE Std 1656-2010 IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV

5.8 Retention testing This test is performed on three samples of the design under consideration. A wind resistance and retention test should be performed with a sample installed per the manufacturer’s instructions on a test fixture as described in Clause 6. The sample should remain properly installed when subjected to a minimum wind speed of 97 km/h. Alternate wind speeds based on service area extremes may be specified by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and user. Variations in wind angles should be considered and documented as tested. Alternate methods of retention testing should be considered. These methods may include, but not be limited to, high-pressure water exposure, weight displacement, or other tests to evaluate retention characteristics of the installed device. Manufacturer should report method(s) used and record results. The wildlife guard or deterrent passes the retention test if all three samples remain properly installed.

5.9 Flammability testing When nonflammable materials are required by an end user, the following test procedures can be used to determine the suitability of a particular device. The end user and manufacturer will agree upon a testing method for flammability. The following three subclauses describe applicable test methods for flammability testing. 5.9.1 50 W Vertical flame test This test is conducted on bar-shaped test specimens measuring 125 mm ± 5 mm long by 13.0 mm ± 0.5 mm wide. The thickness shall not exceed 13.0 mm. Edges shall be smooth, and the radius on the corners shall not exceed 1.3 mm. A minimum of 20 test specimens shall be prepared. Conduct the Test method B – Vertical burning test as specified in Clause 9 of IEC 60695-11-10:1999. Based on the recorded data, the material can be classified as V-0, V-1, or V-2, in accordance with Table 1 of IEC 60695-11-10:1999. A material will be considered to have passed the test if it is rated V-0 or V-1. 5.9.2 50 W Horizontal flame test This test is conducted on bar-shaped test specimens measuring 125 mm ± 5 mm long by 13.0 mm ± 0.5 mm wide. The thickness shall not exceed 13.0 mm. Edges shall be smooth, and the radius on the corners shall not exceed 1.3 mm. A minimum of six test specimens shall be prepared. Conduct the Test method A – Horizontal burning test as specified in Clause 8 of IEC 60695-11-10:1999. Based on the recorded data, the material can be classified as HB, HB40, or HB75, in accordance with 8.4 of IEC 60695-11-10:1999. A material will be considered to have passed the test if it is rated HB or HB40. 5.9.3 High-current test (power arc) This test is performed on a minimum of three samples of the design under consideration. Install the test sample per the manufacturer’s instructions onto the applicable test fixture as specified in Clause 6. Install a copper shorting fuse wire, such as AWG #24, across the surface of the sample between the applied voltage point and ground, either on the source or on the load side of the test fixture. Connect the test fixture phase conductor to an ac voltage source. Initiate an arc for a minimum of ten cycles at 10 kA using a symmetrical or near symmetrical waveform using the nominal phase-to-ground voltage of the

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IEEE Std 1656-2010 IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV

system for which the sample is rated. After each test, note the presence or absence of flames on the test sample and examine it for any signs of damage or evidence of burning/melting. The wildlife guard or deterrent passes the high-current test if all of the samples self-extinguish without signs of melting.

5.10 Radio-influence voltage test This test is performed on three samples of the design under consideration. This test is to be performed on wildlife guards or deterrents that are applied directly in contact or adjacent to energized parts. Perform a radio-influence voltage (RIV) test according to Annex A of NEMA CC 1-2009 on the test fixture described in Clause 6 without the sample installed. This provides a baseline RIV value against which the test object will be compared. Install the sample per the manufacturer’s instructions and repeat the RIV test. The wildlife guard or deterrent passes the RIV test if the average RIV value of all three samples is not greater than 100 µV.

6. Test fixtures 6.1 Bushing guards In a laboratory setting, a test fixture will be constructed to represent a typical structure on which a bushing guard will be used. The test fixture shall be a pole-top transformer (without internals) with #6 bare wire installed in the bushing terminal. The test fixture should be fully described in the test report.

6.2 Fused or solid blade cutout guards In a laboratory setting, a test fixture will be constructed to represent a typical structure on which a fused cutout or solid blade disconnect guard will be used. The test fixture shall be a mounted cutout disconnect switch installed with #6 bare wire. The test fixture should be fully described in the test report.

6.3 Surge arrester guards In a laboratory setting, a test fixture will be constructed to represent a typical structure on which a surge arrester guard will be used. The test fixture shall be a surge arrester with #6 bare wire installed in the connection terminal. The test fixture should be fully described in the test report.

6.4 Conductor/insulator guards In a laboratory setting, a test fixture will be constructed to represent a typical structure on which a conductor/insulator guard will be used. The test fixture shall be an applicable insulator fitted with the minimum conductor size as specified by the manufacturer. The test fixture should be fully described in the test report. Users should take into account various installation practices including, but not limited to, side or top tie, insulator orientation, and type of tie used on the conductor.

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IEEE Std 1656-2010 IEEE Guide for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV

6.5 Deterrents, perches, and manufactured nests In a laboratory setting, a test fixture will be constructed to represent a typical structure on which a deterrent, alternate perch or nesting platforms can be used. The test fixture shall be appropriate for the device tested and fully described in the test report. The location of the device on the test fixture should also be documented.

6.6 Other test fixtures An alternative test fixture other than those described previously may be used for the testing as agreed upon by the user and manufacturer. The test fixture should be appropriate for the device tested and fully described in the test report. The location of the device on the test fixture should also be documented.

7. Testing sequences Table 1 provides a summary of the test sequence and test procedures to be employed in evaluating wildlife guards or deterrents to the requirements of this guide. Within the table, tests are designated by the document clause where the procedures and criteria for acceptance are defined. Table 1 —Design test sequences

Design test

5.5 5.9 5.8 5.10 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.10 5.2 5.3 5.4

Wildlife protective device type (See NOTE 1 and NOTE 2) Bushing, cutout, Deterrents, perches, surge arrester, and and manufactured conductor/insulator nests guards (See NOTE 3) (See NOTE 4) ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰Ø — ‰Ø ‰Ø ‰Ø ‰Ø ‰Ø — ‰Ø ‰Ø ‰Ø — ‰Ø ‰Ø ‰Ø ‰Ø ‰Ø —

5.7 5.10 5.2 5.3 5.4

‰Ø — ‰Ø ‰ —

Clause

Cold temperature Flammability – when required Retention – when required Radio-influence voltage Wet withstand Wet power frequency flashover (See NOTE 5) Lightning impulse withstand Ultraviolet aging Radio-influence voltage Wet withstand Wet power frequency flashover (See NOTE 5) Lightning impulse withstand Salt fog aging – for unusual service conditions – when required Radio-influence voltage Wet withstand Wet power frequency flashover (See NOTE 5) Lightning impulse withstand

‰Ø ‰Ø ‰Ø ‰Ø ‰

NOTE 1—A minimum number of three samples is required for each design test. NOTE 2—‰ = test applicable to sequence; Ø = each specimen proceeds to following test; — = the test is not required for devices not containing metallic components and is omitted from the test sequence. NOTE 3—If the device contains metallic components, the test sequence for deterrents, perches, and manufactured nests should be completed. NOTE 4—For electrostatic guards, the wet withstand test (see 5.2) should not be performed. NOTE 5—For surge arrester guards, the wet power frequency flashover test (see 5.3) should not be performed.

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