• Author / Uploaded
• KumbharKishor

Citation preview

City Design Practice II Reinventing the World’s Cities 城市设计实践Ⅱ 重塑世界城市

som.com

Introduction The 21st Century Journey

介绍   纪的征程 21世

We are advancing on a very positive journey toward making the world a sustainable, balanced place for all living things. However, there is a lot to do. Currently, our cities produce 75 percent of the world’s carbon emissions. We continue to be dependent on fossil fuels and our use of and demand for resources is simply unsustainable. Our global population adds one billion people every 12 to 14 years. Clearly there is a lot riding on the design of cities and their supporting infrastructure. One of the founding members of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Nat Owings, summarized our challenge in 1968 when he said, “Never before in history has a people possessed such abundant power to shape its environment. Using it piecemeal, without a plan, we have done irreparable damage.” The SOM City Design Practice is a collective of many design studios throughout the world that share a commit­ ment to achieving a more urban and a more balanced relationship between our larger built world and our natural systems. As the world becomes more urban, we believe we can design cities that are better, smarter and more vibrant than today’s cities. We can achieve a sustainable life that will be better than today’s life. We only have one planet , and we must realize that this world cannot offer us endless resources. In this new century we are acting more collaboratively, across many disciplines, to achieve innovative and holistic urban solutions that lead us to repairing our larger global environment.

我们正踏上为所有生命创造可持续的、和谐世界的积极的征途。然而， 我们还有太多事要做。目前，我们的城市产生全球  75％  的碳排放量。我们 继续依赖于化石燃料，对资源的使用和需求是不可持续的。每 12-14 年，全 球人口增加  10  亿。显然，在设计城市及其配套基础设施的方面，我们还有 很长的路要走。 Skidmore, Owings & Merrill 公司的创始人之一 Nat Owings   先生曾在  1968 年总结我们面临的挑战时说“历史上从未有人拥有如此巨大 的改变环境的力量。在无计划地消耗环境资源的过程中，我们已对环境造成 了无法修复的损害”。 全球众多设计工作室参与了 SOM 城市设计实践，共同致力于在我们的 人工环境与自然系统之间实现平衡关系。 随着世界变得愈来愈加城市化，我们相信我们能设计出比现在更美好、 更智能、更有活力的城市。我们能实现比现在更美好的可持续生活。 我们只有一个地球，我们应意识到这个世界无法为我们提供源源不断的 资源。在新的世纪里，我们将跨专业、更紧密地合作，以提出创新的整体城 市解决方案，引导我们修复更大范围内的全球环境。

Som City Design Practice II

3

‫املقدمة‬ ‫رحلة القرن احلادي والعرشين‬

Introducción El recorrido por el Siglo 21 Estamos avanzando de manera positiva en este recorrido hacia lograr que el mundo sea un lugar más sostenible, en equilibrio para todos los seres vivos. Sin embargo, todavía queda mucho por hacer. Actualmente nuestras ciudades producen el 75% de todas las emisiones de carbono del mundo. Continuamos dependiendo de combustibles fósiles y nuestro uso y demanda por recursos simplemente es insostenible. Nuestra población mundial añade mil millones de personas cada 12 a 14 años. Es evidente que el diseño de las ciudades y las infraestructuras que las sostienen representan un papel fundamental en este reto. Uno de los miembros fundadores de Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Nat Owings, resumió nuestro reto en el año 1968 cuando dijo: “Nunca antes en la historiahabía tenido un pueblo tan abundante poder para moldear su ambiente. Al usarlo pieza tras pieza, sin un plan, hemos causado un daño irreparable.” SOM City Design es un grupo de múltiples estudios de diseño a través de todo el mundo que comparten el compromiso de lograr una relación más urbana y más equilibrada entre las ciudades que hemos construido y nuestros sistemas naturales. A medida que el mundo se torna más urbano, creemos que podemos diseñar ciudades que sean mejores, más inteligentes y más vibrantes que las ciudades actuales. Tenemos la capacidad alcanzar una vida sostenible que sea mejor que la vida moderna. Solamente tenemos un planeta, y debemos darnos cuenta que este mundo no puede ofrecernos recursos ilimitados. En este nuevo siglo estamos actuando con mayor colaboración y de manera multidisciplinaria para lograr soluciones urbanas innovadoras e integrales que nos lleven a reparar nuestro medio ambiente global. Som City Design Practice II

‫إننا خنطو يف رحلة إجيابية للغاية حنو جعل العامل ماكنا مستداما‬ ‫ هناك أمعال كثرية جيب القيام‬،‫ ومع ذلك‬.‫ومتوازنا مجليع الاكئنات احلية‬ ‫ وال نزال‬.‫ من انبعاثات الكربون يف العامل‬٪٥٧ ‫ تنتج مدننا‬،‫ حاليا‬.‫هبا‬ ‫ مكا أن استخدامنا لملوارد وطلبنا علهيا‬.‫نعمتد عىل الوقود األحفوري‬ ٢١ ‫ يضاف إىل ساكن العامل مليار خشص لك‬.‫بلك بساطة غري مستدام‬ ‫ ومن الواحض أن هناك احتياجات كثرية جيب تلبيهتا من‬.‫ سنة‬٤١ ‫إىل‬ .‫خالل تصممي املدن والبنية التحتية الدامعة‬ ‫ أحد األعضاء املؤسسني لرشكة سكيدمور‬،‫ قام نات أوينغز‬،٨٦٩١ ‫يف عام‬ ‫ “هذه أول‬:‫ بتلخيص التحدي الذي يواجهنا عندما قال‬،‫أوينغز أند مرييل‬ .‫مرة يف التارخي ميتلك فهيا شعبًا مثل هذه السلطة الوافرة لتشكيل بيئته‬ ‫ولكن استخدامنا هلذه السلطة بشلك جمزأ وبدون خطة أدى إىل رضر ال‬ .”‫ميكن إصالحه‬ ‫م لتصممي املدن) عبارة عن نشاط‬.‫و‬.‫ (هيئة س‬SOMecitcarP ngiseD ytiC MOS City Design Practice ‫مجايع من قبل العديد من استوديوهات التصممي يف مجيع أحناء العامل‬ ‫واليت تشارك يف التعهد بتحقيق عالقة أكرث حرضية وأكرث توازنا بني‬ .‫عاملنا املبين األكرب ونمظنا الطبيعية‬ ‫ نعتقد أن ميكننا تصممي مدن‬،‫مبا أن املناطق احلرضية تزتياد حول العامل‬ ‫أفضل وأكرث ذاكء وأكرث حيوية من مدن اليوم وأن ميكننا حتقيق حياة‬ .‫مستدامة ستكون أفضل من حياة اليوم‬ ‫ وعلينا أن ندرك أن هذا العامل ال يستطيع‬،‫ليس لدينا سوى كوكب واحد‬ ‫ يف هذا القرن اجلديد حنن نعمل بصورة‬.‫أن يقدم لنا موارد ال هناية هلا‬ ‫تعاونية أكرث عرب العديد من التخصصات للتوصل إىل حلول حرضية‬ .‫مبتكرة ومتاكملة تؤدي بنا إىل إصالح بيئتنا العاملية األكرب‬

5

As urban designers, we are inspired by the challenges of reinventing the world’s cities for this century, with the understanding that all things, natural and man­ made, are connected.

Som City Design Practice II

作为城市设计师，我们的灵 感来自于本世纪重塑世界城 市所面临的挑战，并充分理 解所有事物，不论自然的还 是人造的，它们相互关联。

7

Contents

We design with these global challenges in mind

目录

将这些全球性挑战考虑到设计之中

02 09 32 44 54 64 74 78 88 98 104 110 120 124 128 132 136 146 152 160 170 178 182 186

The Fuller Projection Map design is a trademark of the Buckminster Fuller Institute. ©1938, 1967 & 1992. All rights reserved, www.bfi.org.

1 Livability 2 Economy 3 Ecology 4 Food 5 Mobility 6 Waste 7 Water 8 Resiliency 9 Energy

宜居性 经济 生态 食品 流动性 废弃物 水 可适应性 能源 9

Livability

Designing for People 以人为本的设计

宜居性

1

Creating healthy cities is our central challenge in the 21st century. Holistic environmental design is the way to achieve broad-based livability. People need routine access to nature. They also need their surroundings to resonate local culture and its distinctive aesthetic. Cities should provide convenient, sustainable, urban neighborhoods that feel like home. 2 1  世纪面临的核心挑战在于创建健康的城市，而实现广泛宜居性的 途径在于整体环境设计。 人类需要亲近自然的途径，还需要能与当地文化和独特审美产生共鸣 的生活环境。城市应提供便捷的、可持续发展的城市社区，给人家的感觉。

Som City Design Practice II

DESIGN Principles

11

Economy

Enhancing Competitiveness 提升竞争力

经济

2

Economic competitiveness in the knowledge economy depends on urban quality of life. Top talent is attracted by good schools, neighborhood parks and retail, and quick access to business districts and airports. The economy of the future—smart, resource-efficient, innovative and collaborative—is being invented in cities with diverse social interaction. 知识经济时代的经济竞争力在于城市的生活质量。优秀人才通常会被 良好的学校、社区公园、零售以及到达商务区与机场的便捷交通所吸引。 未来的经济—智能、节约、创新与协作的经济—正在城市中形成，并 伴随多种社会反应。

Som City Design Practice II

DESIGN Principles

13

Ecology

Nature Is the Best Designer 自然是最好的设计师

生态

3

Repairing & integrating natural systems is a vital challenge. Respect for broader ecosystems is the wisest strategy for designing value-added, long-term urban frameworks. Restoring the Earth while accommodating population growth will be our 21st century focus. 修复与整合自然系统是我们面临的关键挑战。 尊重更广泛的生态系统是设计能增加价值的、长期的城市框架的最明 智策略。21 世纪的焦点在于修复地球，同时解决不断增长的人口问题。

Som City Design Practice II

DESIGN Principles

15

Food

Feeding Our Cities 为我们的城市提供食物

食品

4

Urban sprawl is destroying limited farmland that sustains city life. Regional population growth can be better managed by redeveloping the urban core and preserving farmlands. Better farming methods will result in raised productivity and less damage to the environment. 城市扩张正在破坏维持城市生活的有限耕地。地区人口增长可通过重 建城市中心、保护耕地得到更好的控制。 改良的耕种方式可提高产量，降低对环境的破坏。

Som City Design Practice II

DESIGN Principles

17

Mobility

Living Without a Car 不依赖汽车的生活方式

流动性

5

The gridlock of personal automobiles is not the way forward. Commercial speed to market and active personal lifestyles require innovative strategies in transportation. Easily accessible public transit, smaller city blocks, compact walkable neighborhoods and business districts, and treating the bicycle as a serious form of transportation are all strategies for our future cities. 小汽车造成的交通堵塞不是发展的方向。市场的商业速度以及积极的 个人生活方式要求创新性交通策略。 便捷通达的公共交通，更小的城市街区，紧凑的步行社区和商务区， 以及将自行车作为一种重要交通工具的态度，都是我们未来城市的策略。

Som City Design Practice II

DESIGN Principles

19

Waste

Eliminating the Concept of Waste 消除废弃物的概念

废物

6

Environmental and economic challenges dictate moving beyond a disposable economy and eliminating the concept of waste. Partially-used materials, once-used water and unre­ covered energy contain embedded resources to be tapped by reuse techniques and technologies. Circular resource strategies will help to sustain an urbanizing planet. 环境挑战与经济挑战要求超越一次性经济，消除废弃物概念。 未充分使用的材料、一次性使用的水资源及未回收利用的能源，都包 含可通过再利用技术挖掘的潜在资源。循环资源策略将有助于维持一个城 市化的星球。

Som City Design Practice II

DESIGN Principles

21

Water

Valuing Every Drop 珍惜每一滴水

水

7

Clean fresh water is scarce and getting scarcer. Our urban areas and agricultural infrastructure today continue to pollute our water sources. Future cities must capture and naturally cleanse storm water to replenish water tables, rivers and lakes and to reduce the need for desalination. On-site waste water treatment can nurture our landscape and supply potable water. 洁净的淡水资源很稀少，且愈来愈稀少。我们的城市及当今的农业基 础设施持续污染着我们的水源。 未来城市必须收集、自然净化雨水，补充地下水、江河与湖泊，并减 少对海水淡化的需求。建设项目所配备的废水处理设施可提供景观灌溉用 水和饮用水。

Som City Design Practice II

DESIGN Principles

23

Resiliency

Planning for Climate Change 应对气候变化

可适应性

8

Cities are becoming more threatened by weather events of increasing severity, frequency and magnitude caused by climate change. Nearly two-thirds of a billion people are at risk from sea rise. Ecosystem resiliency planning is needed at the regional level. Cities will need to set aside regional greenbelts for mitigating massive storm events and reestablishing systems that once protected shorelines. Cities and urban districts must be prepared for recovering quickly with minimal losses. 因气候变化造成的气象事件愈发严重、愈发频繁，我们的城市正面临 着气象事件带来的更严重的威胁。近 6.7  亿人口正面临海平面上升的威胁。 生态系统的可适应性规划需在区域层面展开。城市需预留区域性绿化 带，以缓解特大暴雨，并重新建立那些曾保护海岸线的系统。城市及城市 地区必须作好准备从而以最小的代价快速从气象灾害中恢复。

Som City Design Practice II

DESIGN Principles

25

Energy

Transitioning to Renewable Energy 向可再生能源转变

能源

9

Global power generation is still mainly produced by carbon combustion. Dramatic economic and environmental benefits will come through the necessary transition from carbon burning to energy generation from renewable sources. Accessing renewable energy is our challenge. Energyefficient city designs will enable us all to do more with far less. 全球发电仍以碳燃烧为主。 从碳燃烧向可再生能源发电的必要转变将带来巨大的经济与环境效益。 使用可再生资源是我们面临的挑战。能高效的使用能源的城市设计将使我 们一切都事半功倍。

Som City Design Practice II

DESIGN Principles

27

Two Countries Unified by Water 由水联系的两个国家

™

The Great Lakes, St. Lawrence River and Gulf Basin

五大湖、圣劳伦斯河以及海湾盆地

Som City Design Practice II

Challenges The Great Lakes, St. Lawrence River and Gulf Basin 挑战 五大湖、圣劳伦斯河及海湾盆地

The Lack of a Holistic View 缺乏整体观

Multiple Jurisdictions and an International Boundary

多重行政与国际边界

The Uncertainty of Climate Change 气候变化的不确定性

Capacity and Congestion of Movement Systems

交通系统容量与拥堵

Outdated Power Generation

落后的发电模式

Environmentally Degraded Areas

环境退化的区域

Invasive Species

入侵物种

Urban and Agricultural Runoff

城市与农业径流

Sprawling Development

蔓延式开发

No Sense of Ownership

缺少归属感

Som City Design Practice II

The Great Lakes /  St. Lawrence Basin A 100-Year Holistic Vision 五大湖/圣劳伦斯盆地 百年整体发展观

生态系统: 新的城市环境 城市区域必须保护并再利用其淡 水资源，城市设计者必须以更大 的尺度思考。五大湖区域拥有全 世界五分之一的地表淡水，贯穿 美加两国，人口约 5 千万，经济 产值达 2.5  万亿美元，SOM  的 规划设计旨在保护和强化该地区 的发展。五大湖世纪愿景蓝图， 将使公众和官方领导层从新的战  略性观点出发，来更好地保护北  美 84%  的地表淡水，同时对更  智能化的城市和区域规划产生影  响。

Removing the political boundaries allows us to clearly see the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Basin as a connected ecosystem. 摒弃政治边界的概念，我们可以清楚地看到五大湖与圣劳伦斯盆地是一个相互联系的生态系统。

全球视野 今天，全球有亿万人口缺少可持 续的淡水资源。到 2050 年，全 球 40%  以上的人口将面临缺水 问题。城市规模、更高开发密度 及最小城市占地面积为在脆弱的 生态系统中高效、可持续的生活 提供最好的承诺。高效用水、减 少城市垃圾将降低人类对周围水 系统造成的影响。

Ecosystems: The New Urban Context Urban regions must protect and reuse their freshwater resources, and urban designers must think at larger scales. The Great Lakes contain one-fifth of the freshwater on the world’s surface, and it is SOM’s goal to protect and strengthen this two-nation region that is home to 50 million people and a $2.5-trillion economy. The Great Lakes Century vision engages a broad public and their leaders in adopting a new strategic perspective to protect 84 percent of North America’s surface fresh water, while influencing smarter urban and regional planning. A Global View Today, hundreds of millions of people across the globe lack a sustained source of clean, freshwater. By 2050, over 40 percent of the world may face the prospect of water shortages. Urban scale, higher density and a minimum urban footprint on the land offer the best promise for highefficiency sustainable living within larger delicate ecosystems. Using water efficiently and minimizing urban waste will reduce the human impacts on our surrounding water systems. Regional Challenges The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River watershed faces a number of threats. Air pollution from coal-fired power plants adds mercury to its waters. Agriculture creates high-nutrient and pesticide runoffs that disrupt ecological function. Cities cause further damage with their combined sewer outflows and pharmaceutical wastes. Many Great Lakes cities, both American and Canadian, are depleting groundwater resources. A stronger Great Lakes economy and a restored Great Lakes environment are SOM’s goals for the 21st century.

区域挑战 五大湖和圣劳伦斯河流域面临着 许多的威胁。燃煤发电厂对空气 的污染使得其水源的水银含量增 加。农业产生的含有高养分和杀 虫剂的径流，给生态功能造成了 破坏。污水排放与制药废水的合 流对城市造成了进一步破坏。五 大湖地区的许多美国和加拿大城 市正面临着地下水资源枯竭。我 们能够共同打造更强大的五大湖 经济，并恢复五大湖环境。这是 SOM  的二十一世纪目标。 五大湖的伟大并非坚不可摧 矗立在五大湖—圣劳伦斯河两岸  的数百座城市绵延 11000  英里  —比美国大西洋、太平洋和海湾 海岸线的总长度还长。若对消除 人类发展所带来的损害没有任何 规划，即使这种巨大的财富也处 于风险之中。

The Great Lakes Watershed: 20% of the world’s freshwater

五大湖流域: 全球 20% 的地表淡水

与百位市长合作 SOM  与“五大湖—圣劳伦斯城 市倡议”联合发展了这个百年愿 景，该倡议由五大湖、圣劳伦斯 河及圣劳伦斯海湾盆地加拿大和 美国城市的百余位市长组成。

Vast But Not Invulnerable Hundreds of cities stand on a Great Lakes-St. Lawrence shoreline spanning 11,000 miles—larger than America’s Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf coastlines combined. Without a plan in place to reverse the damage of human development, even this vast treasure is at risk. Collaboration with 100 Mayors SOM has developed this Vision in collaboration with the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Cities Initiative made up of more than 100 mayors from Canada and the United States cities within the Great Lakes, St. Lawrence River and St. Lawrence Gulf basin. Som City Design Practice II

33

Principles Game Changers for the Basin

“The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence are our Yellowstone Park, and this vision will help people in the region and around the world understand even better what a treasure we have in our front yard.” Mayor Rahm Emanuel, City of Chicago

原则 盆地区域的规则变革者

“五大湖与圣劳伦斯河是我们的黄石公园。百年愿景将有助于使该地区及世界各地的人们更好地 理解我们的前院拥有多么巨大的一笔财富。” Rahm Emanuel, 芝加哥市长

“Cities along the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence are an integral part of one of the true natural treasures of the world. Over the years, we have worked collectively with many partners to plan for the future and actively create new opportunities to help our cities thrive. That is why the work by SOM to develop a vision for the future will raise awareness and help us realize our goal of a dynamic region and vibrant cities.” Richard M. Daley, Former Mayor, City of Chicago “五大湖及圣劳伦斯河流域的城市是这笔真正的自然宝藏中不可分割的一部分。多年以来，我们 已经和许多合作伙伴共同规划未来，积极创造新机遇促进城市的繁荣。这也是为什么 SOM 规 划未来的愿景能提高我们的认识，帮助我们实现活跃地区与活力城市的目标。” Richard M. Daley, 芝加哥前任市长

“The SOM Great Lakes 100 Year Vision is a gold reference for the Pearl River Delta.” Vice Mayor Ming Pan, City of Zhuhai, PRC “SOM 的五大湖百年愿景规划对珠江三角洲地区而言，有很高的参考价值。” 潘明, 珠海市副市长

“Working with our Canadian neighbors, we are confident that the leadership of the states and provinces, with strong support from the cities, will manage this resource wisely long into the future so that succeeding generations will have the full benefit of this global freshwater treasure.” Mayor George Heartwell of Grand Rapids “在与我们的加拿大近邻的合作中，在各个城市的大力支持下，我们相信心各州与各省的领导 们会在漫长的未来中，明智地管理这片资源，我们的子孙后代将从这份世界淡水宝藏中充分 受益。” George Heartwell, 大急流城市长

Defining a 100-Year Vision 定义百年愿景

“… it is time we do even more to bring about a future that matches the magnitude and quality of the resource we are so fortunate to share.” Mayor Regis Labeaume, Quebec City

Creating a Great Basin Park

创建盆地大公园

“…是时候让我们更加努力，创造一个与我们有幸共享的这份资源在数量与质量上相匹配的未来” Regis Labeaume, 魁北克市长

Greening Surrounding Cities

绿化周边城市

Linking Universities, Institutes and Research Centers

联系大学、机构与研究中心

Shifting from Coal to Renewable Energy

从煤向可再生能源转变

Establishing the Great Basin’s Integrity

建立大盆地区域的整体性

Achieving Smarter Transportation Systems 实现更精明的交通系统

Developing Water-Based Economies

发展以水为本的经济

Committing to Ecosystem Agriculture

致力于生态农业

Som City Design Practice II

The Great Lakes / St. Lawrence Basin

35

Celebrating and Repairing Our Natural Environment 展示与修复我们的自然环境

A Great Lakes Multinational Park Envisioning a single, borderless region, focused on water. A park that reflects a region of rich natural and cultural heritage and a global example of two countries coming together around fresh water. Green Cities and Great Lakes  Restoring a healthy relationship between cities and an ecosystem. Keeping cities compact and minimizing a sprawling footprint. 五大湖区国际公园 立足于水资源，构想一个统一的无边界地区。一个公园展现一个拥有丰富自 然与文化遗产的地区，这个公园也将是两个国家为淡水资源共同合作的全球 典范。

Achieving Clean Water Through Smarter Agricultural Practices and Improved City Infrastructure 通过更精明的农业实践与完善的城市 基础设施，实现洁净的水资源

Blue is the New Green  Managing fresh water is a global environmental challenge. Creating a separation of the larger watershed is critical to the Basin’s integrity. Commitment to Local Food  Supporting healthier living and healthier land with a regional and sustainable food system. 蓝色是新的绿色 淡水资源管理是全球面临的一大环境挑战。在更广范围的流域创建隔离区， 对保持盆地的完整性至关重要。 致力于当地食品 通过地域的可持续食物系统支撑更健康的居住环境与土地。

绿色城市与五大湖 修复城市与生态系统的健康关系。保持城市紧凑，将城市扩张面积降至最小。

Great Lakes + St. Lawrence River + Gulf of St. Lawrence = Great Basin 五大湖+圣劳伦斯河+圣 劳伦斯海湾=大盆地

36

Som City Design Practice II

The Great Lakes / St. Lawrence Basin

37

Reinventing Our Intellectual Capital

Tapping Renewable Energy Innovating beyond coal and oil to the region’s abundant sources of eternal, renewable energy.

Connecting Urban Centers

重塑我们的知识资本

Great Minds and Great Lakes  Focusing the region’s world-renowned research institutions on innovating a post-carbon economy.

连接城市中心

Achieving Mobility  Reducing carbon and synergizing capacity by connecting the region with high-speed rail, walkable neighborhoods and extensive bikeways. Shifting transport to electric based systems. 实现流动性 通过高速铁路、步行街区及广泛的自行车道连通该地区，减少碳排放，增强 协同能力。使交通向电力系统转变。

Leaders in New Economies  Focusing economic growth on environmentally sustainable industries and technologies to meet global water needs. 开发可再生能源 创新该地区除煤炭和石油之外、源源不断的可再生能源。 伟大思想与五大湖 集中该地区世界闻名的科研机构进行后炭时期经济的创新。 新经济的领导者 注重环保产业与技术的经济增长，以满足全球用水需求。

québec city

魁北克市 Trois-rivières

三河城

Montréal

蒙特利尔 OTTOWA

渥太华

duluth

德卢斯

BOSTON

波士顿

TORONTO

多伦多

MINNEAPOLIS

明尼阿波利斯

milwaukee

密尔沃基

detroit

MADISON

NEW YORK CITY

底特律

麦迪逊

纽约

cleveland

toledo

克里夫兰

harrisburg

托莱多

哈里斯堡

CHICAGO

Philadelphia

芝加哥

费城

FOREST

森林

AGRICULTURE

pittsburgh

农业

匹兹堡

washington dc

华盛顿特区

CITIES

城市

Rail CONNECTIONS

铁路

ST Louis

圣路易斯

Som City Design Practice II

The Great Lakes / St. Lawrence Basin

39

Rapidly Expanding Cities 快速扩展中的城市

Al Rabigh Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

沙特阿拉伯拉比格地区

™

Panama City, Panama

巴拿马省巴拿马城

Lakeside, Chicago, Illinois

伊利诺伊州芝加哥市的湖滨区改造项目

Denver, Colorado

科罗拉多州丹佛联运站改造项目

Pluit City, Jakarta, Indonesia

印度尼西亚雅加达市普鲁伊特城 Baietan, Guangzhou, China

中国广州市白鹅潭地区

Xiaguan Riverfront, Nanjing, China

中国南京下关滨江区 CBD East, Beijing, China

中国北京商务中心区东扩项目

Tongzhou District, Beijing, China

中国北京市通州区

Som City Design Practice II

Challenges Expanding Cities 挑战 扩展中的城市

Explosion of the World Population 世界人口爆炸

Rapid Urbanization of the Developing World

发展中国家的快速城市化

Migration from Rural to Urban

从农村到城市的人口迁移

Urbanization as China’s Economic Development Strategy

城市化成为中国经济发展的战略

Revitalization of the Core City as America’s Growth Challenge

核心城市的复兴成为美国经济增长的挑战

Livability is Both the Means and the End

宜居性既是目的又是手段

Sprawling Low Density Settlement Patterns

蔓延式低密度居住模式

Sea Level Rise and Coastal Cities

海平面上升及沿海城市

Som City Design Practice II

Baietan, Guangzhou, China The Resilient City

中国广州白鹅潭城市设计总体规划 可适应性城市

构想一座新城 白鹅潭是一座可持续发展的世界 级综合城市，拥有超过 74  万的 居住人口及 66  万个工作岗位。 管理特大城市的增长 矗立于珠江畔的广州已发展成为 中国第三大城市及华南地区第一 大城市。近年来，广州及其邻近 城市佛山已逐渐从两座独立的城 市融合为一个连续的城区。 除了生活质量方面的顾虑外，这 两座城市的结合还凸显出人口和 管理的问题。广州市规划局要求 为广州和佛山之间的“广佛”地 区制定不同寻常的可持续发展方 案。 SOM  城市设计策略证明， 高密度综合性规划及创新性实施 方式可实现城市复兴与可持续发  展。 白鹅潭这个综合性城区位于“广 佛”地区，它将岭南文化与城市 密度、交通可达性、宜居性和生 态活力等要素相互融合。

Envisioning a New City Baietan is a sustainable, integrated world-class city with over 740,000 residents and 660,000 employees. Managing Mega-City Growth On the banks of the Pearl River, Guangzhou grew to be China’s third largest city and the largest in southern China. In recent years, Guangzhou and the nearby city of Foshan have begun to merge from independent cities into one undifferentiated urban area.

一个紧凑的新型 CBD 总体规划将城市中心的发展聚集 在白鹅潭 CBD ， 该区域将同时 服务于佛山与广州，此次规划重 塑了被原有工业设施所占据的滨  江地带，旨在创造一个以人为本 的新城区，展现中国东南部的岭  南特色。规划通过对原有工业 用地进行生态修复,并创建了野 生 动植物栖息地来减轻环境退 化的状况。

In addition to quality of life concerns, the geographic merging of these cities presents demographic and administrative problems for the two cities. The Guangzhou Planning Bureau called for alternative, sustainable solutions for “Guang-Fo,” as the area between Guangzhou and Foshan is known. SOM’s urban design strategy demonstrated that density, comprehensively planned and innovatively executed, can be used for urban regeneration and sustainable growth.

挑战

Baietan is a mixed-use city in “Guang-Fo” that combines local Lingnan culture with urban density, transit accessibility, livability and ecological vitality.

未充分利用的城市历史遗址

周期性洪水与海平面上升 污染的河流系统 作为濒危物种的淡水鱼 污染的工业用地

A Compact New CBD The master plan concentrates downtown development in a new Baietan CBD that serves both Foshan and Guangzhou. It restores the old industrial riverfront to create new people-oriented districts that exemplify southeastern China’s Lingnan character. The plan mitigates environmental degradation through the bio-remediation of former industrial sites and the creation of wildlife habitat. Challenges Regular Flooding and Rise of Sea Level Polluted River Systems Endangered Species of Freshwater Fish Contaminated Industrial Land Underutilized Historic Urban Sites

Som City Design Practice II

45

Baietan accommodates the dramatic population growth of Foshan and Guangzhou while protecting the region from sea level rise

白鹅潭地区承载佛山与广州急 剧增长的人口，同时保护该地 区不受海平面上升的威胁 Som City Design Practice II

Baietan, Guangzhou, China

47

Principles The Resilient City 原则 可适应性城市

Guangzhou

广州

baietan

FOSHAN

白鹅潭

佛山

Protecting Future Generations from Flooding 保护子孙后代不受洪水的威胁

Creating an Integrated Framework of Open Spaces

创建综合的开放空间框架

Achieving Transit-Based Development

实现以公共交通为导向的发展

Building Districts and Diverse Urban Neighborhoods

Hong Kong

香港

建设各分区与多元化的城市社区

Transforming an Industrial Past 改造工业旧址

Expressing Lingnan Culture

体现岭南文化

Som City Design Practice II

Baietan, Guangzhou, China

49

An Expansive Green Framework

Baietan’s open space supports the larger natural systems of the Pearl River Delta and the green space system that links Guangzhou and Foshan. The plan creates wildlife habitat to support biodiversity, and uses biological processes to remediate degraded industrial sites at the Guangzhou Steel Plant and Guangzhou Shipyard. In addition, open spaces incorporate agriculture, floriculture and aquaculture.

一个广阔的绿色框架

Partnering with Nature for Flood Protection 与自然协同防洪

白鹅潭的开放空间支撑珠江三角洲地区更广大的自然体系及连接广州与佛山 的绿色空间体系。此次规划创建野生动物栖息地，有助于生物多样化的发展， 采用生物降解法修复广州钢铁厂和广州造船厂已被污染的工业用地。此外， 开放空间还将结合农业、花卉种植及水产养殖发展。

The Baietan Heart of the Guang-Fo Urban Design Master Plan is a prototype for sustainability-integrated planning and urban design on a vast scale. The 35-square kilometer site occupies the low-lying alluvial plains of the Pearl River Delta. It is subject to large rainfall events and annual flooding due to insufficient detention and drainage capacity. The Pearl River itself is tidally influenced, therefore, any sea level rise will amplify the impact of flooding. The majority of land located in the Pearl River Delta is situated below the projected sea level rise of 1.4 meters. The Baietan Plan proposes a suite of comprehensive strategies that includes raising land for key redevelopment areas, establishing stepped wetland levees, and providing an interconnected network of canals and floodable green spaces. 作为广佛城市设计总体规划的核心，白鹅潭是大规模可持续发展、综合性规 划与城市设计的典范。这个 35  平方公里的场地占据珠江三角洲地区冲击而 成的低洼平原。白鹅潭经常出现大暴雨，由于缺乏足够的滞洪与泄洪能力， 每年都遭受洪灾。珠江本身还受潮汐影响，因此，任何海平面上升都将加剧 洪水的影响。珠江三角洲地区的大部分土地都低于预计的 1.4  米海平面上升 高度。

Health and Prosperity 促进健康和繁荣

Restoration of Natural Systems 恢复自然体系

Balanced Water Cycle 平衡水循环

Reduced Carbon Emissions 降低碳排放

Reduced Waste 减少废弃物

Regenerative Material 可再生材料

+% +500% +50% -20% -30% -80%

Flood and Sea Level Rise Protection

防范洪水与海平面上升

Brownfield Bioremediation

棕地生物治理

Great Parks and Waterfronts

宏大的公园与滨水区

Integrated Local Culture

结合当地文化

Restored Wetlands

恢复湿地

New Riparian Islands

新建河岸岛

Reintroduced Regional Plants

重新引进本地区植物

Migratory and Habitat Corridors

迁徙和栖息地走廊

Efficient Water Fixtures

高效的用水装置

Rainwater Harvesting

雨水收集

High Efficiency HVAC

高效的暖通空调系统

Greywater Treatment and Reuse

中水处理与再利用

Clean Energy Generation

洁净能源发电

Urban Forest Carbon Sequestration

城市森林碳吸附

Ventilation Corridors & Breezeways

通风走廊与风道

Transit-Oriented Development

以公交为导向的开发

Renewable Energy Emphasis

注重可再生能源

Efficient Building Design

高效的建筑设计

District Cogeneration Plants

地区共享发电站

Transit-First Mobility Plan

公交优先的交通规划

Waste Diversion and Recycling

垃圾分类与回收

Automated Waste Collection

自动垃圾收集

Balanced Cut and Fill

平衡开挖与填埋的土方

Adaptive Building Reuse

建筑适应性再利用

Som City Design Practice II

白鹅潭规划提出一套全面的策略，包括抬升重要改造区的场地标高，建立阶 梯式的湿地堤防，提供相互连接的河道网及可淹没的绿地空间。

Baietan 白鹅潭 Guangzhou

Huizhou

广州

惠州

Dongwan

东莞 Foshan

佛山

Shenzhen

Zhongshan

深圳

中山

Hong Kong

香港 Zhuhai

珠海 Macau

澳门

Baietan, Guangzhou, China

51

New Neighborhoods Connect Old Waterfronts 连接新社区与原有滨水区

The project regenerates the Baietan site with a distinct, diverse, sustainable neighborhood identity that leverages its waterside location. The plan will rehabilitate over two kilometers of industrial waterfront through the renovation and adaptive reuse of historic buildings. The waterfront will transform from a forgotten industrial zone into a vibrant place with arts and culture, in harmony with a variety of commercial uses and academic campuses.

Transit-Oriented Urban Form 以公共交通为导向的城市形态

项目充分利用白鹅潭的滨江地理位置，塑造了一个独特、多元化、可持续的 社区形象，从而实现该地区的复兴。此次规划通过历史建筑的修复与适应性 再利用，重塑超过两公里的工业滨江地带。被遗忘的工业区将转变成充满活 力的文化艺术场所，与各种商业用途及学术园区和谐发展。

The Baietan Plan establishes a new benchmark for the implementation of integrated land use and transit strategies that address urbanization and dramatic population growth. A fundamental aspect of the project is concentrating more than 30 million square meters of high-density mixeduse development within a short walking distance of transit. This transit-oriented development maximizes access to public transportation, promotes walking and bicycling, and minimizes vehicular trips and carbon emissions. More than 75 percent of all peak-hour commuter trips to Baietan will be non-auto dependent. 白鹅潭规划有助于解决城市化和人口急剧增长的问题，为土地综合利用及公 共交通策略的实施树立了新标杆。 该项目的一个重要方面在于将三千多万平方米的高密度混合用途开发集中设 置在离公交车站很短的步行距离内。这种以公共交通为导向的开发将最大限 度地提供公共交通可达性，鼓励步行与自行车出行，最大限度地减少车辆出 行及碳排放。超过 75%  的高峰时间通勤交通将不依赖于小汽车出行。

Raised land above flood level

抬升场地标高至洪水位之上

Interconnected canals

相互连接的运河

Over 30 million square meters of mixed-use development will be located within a 5-minute walk of transit stations.

Floodable ecological zones

可淹没的生态区 levees

超过三千万平方米的综合功能建筑离公交站 步行距离不超过 5 分钟

堤坝

Som City Design Practice II

Baietan, Guangzhou, China

53

京津高速铁路北京段的第一站带 来了巨大的发展机会。 SOM   提出一个高密度、适宜步行的北  京环渤海创新城方案，与周边蔓  延式单一功能区形成对比。此规  划策略保留了邻近的乡村区域和  公共自然用地，以确保空气和水  源质量，从而提高宜居性以吸引  更多促进经济创新的人才汇聚于  此。 新型城市规划设计利用铁路、公 路和交通设施将此国际商务中心 与整个区域内先进的研究、人才 和生活方式等资产连接起来。

环渤海创新城

北京

Beijing

中国北京通州区环渤海创新城 高铁城市

Bohai Innovation City

Beijing Bohai Innovation City, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China The High-Speed Rail City

总部首选驻地 创新城打造  2000  万平方米的 混合用途开发，将成为高速发展 的京津国际商务走廊上高新产业 总部的首选驻地。这是快速增长 的国家资本合理的、有组织的扩 张，注重城市发展，避免对环境 造成负面影响。 高速铁路，适宜步行的生活方式 步行的便利是社会与经济繁荣的  关键所在。创新城内先进的多模  式交通网络将联系人才与机遇。 居民将在  10  分钟内步行至公交  站点。

Significant development opportunities were created where Beijing touches the first stop on the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed rail line (HSR). SOM proposed Beijing Bohai Innovation City, a high-density walkable solution—in contrast to the surrounding, sprawling single-use districts. The strategy preserves adjacent rural land and public natural areas for air and water quality, and enhances the livability that attracts skilled talent who advance economic innovation.

乐

W 武 uq 清 in g

Premier Headquarters Location Innovation City creates 20 million square meters of mixed-use devel­ opment as a premier headquarters location for advanced industries in the fast-growth Beijing-Tianjin international business corridor. It is a logical, organic expansion of the rapidly growing national capital and concentrates urban development without negatively impacting the environment.

Yo ng 永 le

This city plan harnesses rail, highway and transit to connect this international business hub to the entire region’s advanced research, talent and lifestyle assets.

交通枢纽方案 项目一旦完全建成，一个公交枢  纽将连接高速铁路、三条地铁、 快速公交线路、本地有轨电车和 先进的公共电动车。这个重新构 想的高规格交通枢纽将为该地区 提供最便捷的连接，并可能成为 国内高铁开发项目的典范。

High-Speed Rail, Walkable Way of Life Walkable convenience is the key to social and economic vitality. Innovation City’s advanced multi-modal transportation network will connect people and opportunities. Residents will live within a 10-minute walk of transit stations.

Ti 天 anj 津 in

Hub of Mobility Options At full build-out, a transit hub will connect high-speed rail, three metro lines, bus rapid transit, local streetcar and a state-of-the-art electric car share fleet. This re-imagined, high-profile hub will provide the region’s most convenient connections, and can become a model of HSR-based development.

Tanggu 塘沽

Som City Design Practice II

55

A high-speed rail city to support Beijing regional growth 高铁城市将支撑北京的区 域拓展

Som City Design Practice II

beijing bohai innovation city

57

Principles The High-Speed Rail City 原则 高铁城市

Beijing

北京

BOHAI

渤海

Transit-Based Compact Livability 以公交为基础的紧凑的宜居性

A Wetland Open Space System for Biofiltration

Tangshan

唐山

湿地开放空间系统用以发挥生物过滤作用

Smaller Blocks and Narrow Streets

较小的地块与较窄的街道

Highest Density a Five-Minute Walk to High-Speed Rail 距高铁 5 分钟步行距离的最高密度开发 Environmentally Enhanced Livability

环境增强宜居性

Tianjin

天津

Tanggu

塘沽

Som City Design Practice II

beijing bohai innovation city

59

An Urban Framework Guides Growth 一个引导增长的城市框架

Support an extensive wetlands open space system

Establish a comprehensive transit network

支撑一个广阔的湿地开放空间体系

建立一个综合公交网络

Provide for transit-oriented expansion

Create a boulevard that connects the city to the rail station

以公交为导向的扩建模式

打造一条林荫大道连接城市与高铁站

Som City Design Practice II

Beijing Bohai is a compact live-work business develop­ment that retains and restores natural wetlands through an eco­ logical landscape design by Beijing-based Turenscape. This environmental strategy naturally purifies air and water and is part of a green open space network that connects to every residential neighborhood with a variety of parks and open spaces. This green infrastructure contributes significantly to the Beijing region’s most extensive water biofiltration system. District utilities and building performance guidelines create an effective framework for sustainability. Innovative next-generation strategies improve natural ventilation, cleanse water and establish urban wildlife habitat.

北京环渤海创新城将成为一个紧凑的、集生活与工作于一体的商务开发项 目，它通过北京土人景观设计的生态景观保留并修复自然湿地。这种环境 策略力图借助自然净化空气与雨水，是联系各居住社区的绿色开放空间网 的一部分。这种绿色基础设施对北京地区最广阔的雨水生物净化系统具有 重大意义。

Establish a high-density walkable core within a five-minute walk of the rail station 在离高铁站步行5分钟的距离内建立高密度核心区

Orient blocks for southern exposure

Define five distinct neighborhoods 定义5个独特的社区

Create regional connectivity

地区市政设施与建筑性能准则共同创建一个可持续发展的有效框架。新一 代创新策略能改善自然通风、净化水体并建立城市野生动植物栖息地。

街区朝南布置

创建区域连接

beijing bohai innovation city

61

Designing to Create Value

The relationships of mixed-use density, distinctive neighborhoods, and green infrastructure are activated by Innovation City’s thoughtful transportation plan. Recent transportation improvements, including the metro line, high-speed rail, and adjacent roadways are integrated into the new framework. The master plan modifies the street grid to incorporate existing road alignments, enhance connectivity to the high-speed rail station and surroundings, and create special view corridors to landmark developments.

为创造价值而设计 H

高 igh 速 铁 S peed 路 线

Rai l

创新城深思熟虑的交通规划激活了混合用途高密度开发、富有特色的社区 以及绿色基础设施之间的关系。近期的交通改善包括将地铁线、高速铁路 线以及周围道路纳入该新框架中。此次总体规划修改了路网以结合现有道 路走向，增强与高铁车站及周边地区的连接，为标志性开发项目打造特别 的景观视廊。

Line

Preserved Agricultural Land

保留的农田

10-minute walk

10 分钟步行距离

Green Technology Test Fields

绿色技术试验场

Existing Business Park

现有商务园区

Wetland Park

湿地公园

District Utilities

地区市政设施

Som City Design Practice II

63

Panama City, Panama The Globalizing City 巴拿马共和国巴拿马城 全球化城市

巴拿马城是巴拿马共和国的政治 与文化中心，但它在 20  世纪很 长一段时间里都被美国建立的巴  拿马运河区所分割，发展受到限 制。美军撤离后，巴拿马城正从 军事基地旧址转变成崛起中的全 球化城市的新城市中心。 长期隔离的、未被使用的军事用 地最终将在巴拿马型国际海运新 时代的黎明与城市相连接。 巴拿马城的门户 SOM  战略性规划方案使城市向 外延伸，跨越原有美国边界，形 成一个新的国家政府办公区、混 合用途功能区、拓展的交通枢纽 和复兴的社区。分散的各政府部 门被统一整合到万众瞩目的首府 中，旨在体现当地大型城市广场 的传统。新的多功能公共空间将 成为活动与市民庆典的场所。为 步行尺度设计的林荫街道将激活 公共建筑与商业建筑。

Panama City is the political and cultural capital of the Republic of Panama, but it was constrained and divided by the United States’ Panama Canal Zone for most of the 20th century. With U.S. presence removed, Panama City is transforming a former military base into a new urban center for an emerging global city.

此次规划解决了当前发展模式中  存在的多个问题：如城市边缘的 不可持续的蔓延式扩张与自发形  成的居住区引发犯罪与贫穷。此  次规划使不同的用地连接新的多  功能地区中心，并将 Curundú   这个自发形成的住宅区重建纳入 规划中。与政府办公区相邻的城  市广场是巴拿马城新的核心。

The long-isolated and underutilized military area will finally connect to the city fabric in the dawning of the New Panamax era of inter-ocean shipping.

挑战

Panama City Gateway The SOM strategic plan extends the city across the former U.S. border to create a new national government campus, a mixed-use district, an expanded transit hub, and a revitalized neighborhood. Scattered government offices will be united in a high-visibility capital designed to express the local tradition of great urban plazas. New multi-use public spaces will be destinations for events and civic celebrations. Tree-shaded streets scaled for pedestrians will activate public and commercial buildings.

不可持续的东北部城市扩张

城市被历史上的美国军事基地分  割

Panama City 巴拿马城

城市中心未与铁路、公交及机场  连接 偏远、危险的、自发形成的边缘 居住区 已被污染的河流与未开放的公园

The plan resolves several issues with the current development pattern of unsustainable sprawl and informal settlements on the city fringe that foster crime and poverty. The plan connects disparate land uses to a new mixed-use district center, and integrates the redevelopment of the Curundú informal settlement. The Central Plaza adjacent to the government campus is the heart of Panama City’s new urban core. Challenges City Divided by Historic U.S. Military Base Unsustainable Northeastern City Sprawl City Center Disconnected from Rail, Bus and Airport Isolated and Dangerous Informal Fringe Settlements Polluted River and Inaccessible Parks

Som City Design Practice II

65

Uniting fragmented areas to create a national government center 整合相互隔离的区域，打造 国家行政中心

Som City Design Practice II

Panama city, panama

67

Principles The Globalizing City

Emerging District 崛起中的地区

原则 全球化城市

Existing Bus Terminal

现有公交终点站

panama city center

奥尔布鲁克机场

圣何塞

Develop a World-Class Government Center 打造一个世界级行政中心

Create an Intermodal Transit Hub

巴拿马城中心

Albrook Airport

San Jose

colon

科隆

panama city

巴拿马城

打造一个联运的公交枢纽

Link the City to its Transit Hub

连接城市与公交枢纽

Activate a Mixed-Use Urban District

former u.s. canal zone

原美属运河

激活混合用途城区

Casco Viejo (Old Town)

老城区

Promote Walkability and Improve City-Wide Mobility

提倡步行，增强城市范围的流动性

Establish a City-Wide Park System

建立城市范围内的公园体系

Redevelop Curundú Settlement 重建 Curundú 居住区 Enhance Panama’s 21st-Century Image 提升巴拿马 21 世纪的形象 Restore the River Systems

bay of panama

巴拿马湾

panama canal

恢复河流系统

巴拿马运河

Som City Design Practice II

Panama city, panama

69

National Center Anchors Light Rail Line 轻轨线支撑国家中心的发展

The country’s first cohesive government center overlooks a wide stretch of the Curundú River and a public park. The new government center will be served by a station on Panama’s first rail line where bus and taxi services converge. An enhanced street network will also contribute to making Panama City Government Center a destination of national pride and identity. 巴拿马首个具有凝聚力的国家行政中心俯瞰广阔的 Curundú 河与市民公园。

A Repaired Landscape that Creates Panama’s First Regional Park System 修复景观，创建巴拿马首个区域 公园系统

这个新行政中心将由巴拿马第一条轻轨线服务，公交和出租车服务将与轻轨线汇 合。日益完善的路网也有助于使巴拿马城行政中心成为一个引以为傲且具有特色 的目的地。

A restored Curundú River surrounded by recreational trails and wildlife habitats will create the nation’s first regional park system by connecting municipal parks at both ends of Panama City. Green boulevards, landscape features and grey-water retention basins in the capital complex will help manage floods and enable stormwater biofiltration. The Government Center Park creates a riverfront park as a foreground to the government campus. The park’s highly programmed public outdoor event spaces will be linked to the light-rail line. 修复后的 Curundú 河由休闲路线及野生动植物栖息地环绕，将通过连接巴 拿马城两端的市民公园创建国家首个区域公园系统。首都综合体项目的林荫 大道、景观特色及中水蓄水池都将有助于防洪和雨水生物过滤处理。 行政中心公园为政府办公区打造一个河滨公园作为前景。公园高度功能化的 室外公共活动空间将与轻轨线连接。

Metropolitan Park

城市公园

Curundú River

Proposed LRT Line

Curundú河

规划的轻轨线 Existing Bus Terminal

现有公交车终点站

New Transit Hub

Albrook Airport

新公交枢纽

Curundú

奥尔布鲁克机场

Cinta Costera Park

Cinta Costera 公园

Ancon Hill

Ancon山

Casco Viejo (Old Town)

CASCO VIEIO（古镇）

Cinta Costera Park Expansion

Cinta Costera 公园扩建部分

PANAMA CANAL

巴拿马运河

BAY OF PANAMA

PANAMA CANAL

巴拿马湾

巴拿马运河

Som City Design Practice II

BAY OF PANAMA

巴拿马湾

Panama city, panama

71

Isolated Districts Unified by Streets and Green

In addition to the sustainability benefits of transit-oriented, high-density, mixed-use development, the new government center will benefit from passive design solutions for energy, waste and water systems. The plan defines building-scale solutions to shade structures, minimize heat gain and promote natural ventilation. Streets and courtyards are shaded to promote walking. Centralized water collection and a recycling center are incorporated into the master plan.

街道与绿地连接相互孤立的地区 Clean output to Panama Canal

净化后的水体流入巴拿 Stormwater 马运河 and greywater

新行政中心不仅受益于以公交为导向的高密度多功能开发项目的可持续发展 的特点，还受益于能源、垃圾与水系统的被动式设计方案。

retention basin

雨水与中水蓄水池

此次规划也从建筑层面，建议设置遮阳结构，将热量吸收降至最低，增强自 然通风。林荫街道与庭院将鼓励步行出行。此次规划还整合了集中式雨水收 集与回收中心。

Restored Curundú River Native habitat Biofiltration Recreational trails

修复后的Curundú河 自然栖息地生物过滤

New green boulevards

新林荫大道

The park system 公园系统

Existing Bus Terminal

现有公交车终点站

New transit hub: Light rail, bus, taxi

Albrook Airport

新公交枢纽：轻轨、公交、出租车 Fine grain street grid

细密的街道网

奥尔布鲁克机场

New street connections

新的街道连接

New Government Center station

新行政中心站

FORMER U.S. CANAL ZONE

PANAMA CITY CENTER

原美属运河区

巴拿马城中心

Former Boundary of Canal Zone (USA)

原美属运河区边界 The transportation system 交通体系

PANAMA CANAL

巴拿马运河

Som City Design Practice II

BAY OF PANAMA

巴拿马湾

Panama city, panama

73

King Abdullah Economic City Al Rabigh Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia The World’s Largest Private Development

以规划的区域旱谷开放空间系统 组织新城规划 阿卜杜拉国王经济城，位于吉达 北部的红海开发区，其土地面积 要比世界大部分城市大很多。主 要新建港口设施和全国铁路枢纽 的建设成为促进新城发展的催化 剂。宏伟的设计方案提出建设引 人注目的开放空间系统保护区， 滨水公共区域，以及形成城市雨 水框架、同时回补地下水的大型 旱谷公园系统。城市组织围绕特 色社区发展，包括两大主要商业 中心。连接麦加和麦地那的高速 铁路线沿线的新建的哈拉曼新车 站将成为城市门户。

阿卜杜拉国王经济城，  沙特阿拉伯 Al Rabign 地区 全球最大的私营开发项目

挑战 在原有总体规划的基础上重新畅 想愿景 城市排水对邻近的珊瑚礁的潜在  伤害 场地复杂的生态系统 与城市相整合的主要产业要素 区域交通

A Proposed Regional Wadi Open Space System Organizes a New City King Abdullah Economic City, a development on the Red Sea north of Jeddah, is significantly larger in land area than most cities in the world. The development of a major new port facility and national rail hub has created the catalyst for a new city. The ambitious design creates a dramatic open space system of preserves, public areas along the seafront, and an extensive wadi park system that creates a storm water framework for the city and also replenishes the ground water table. The city is organized around distinct neighborhoods with two strong commercial centers. The front door of the city will be at the new Haramain Station, along the high-speed rail line between Makkah and Medina. Challenges The re-envisioning of a previous master plan The potential damage to adjacent coral reefs by urban runoff The complex ecology of the site Major industrial components integrated within the city Regional transportation

Som City Design Practice II

75

原则 全球化城市 Medinah

麦地那

Diagram by Moriyama & Teshima Planners

Principles The Globalizing City

Agriculture and Horticulture

农业与园艺

Optional District Cooling

区域制冷

Naturalized Landscape

自然景观

Wadi Water Capture

旱谷取水

Yanbu

延布

Wastewater Treatment Plant

Lagoon

废水处理厂

District Irrigation

区域灌溉

内湖

The City

城市

Bio-remediation

生物治理 Red Sea

Industry

红海

Desalination

工业

海水淡化

Red Sea

红海

Develop a New City for a New Century in Saudi Arabia 发展一个沙特阿拉伯新世纪新城

Create an Intermodal Transit Hub

打造一个联运的公交枢纽

Link All City Districts by Transit

通过公共交通系统连接所有城区

Protect the Sensitive Sea Coast Environment

保护敏感的海岸环境

Promote Walkability

鼓励步行

King Abdullah Economic City

阿卜杜拉国王经济城

Establish an Extensive, First of its Kind, Wadi Park System

建立首个大型旱谷公园系统

Create a Native Landscape Strategy for the Full City

为整个城市提供本地景观策略

Jeddah

吉达

Makkah

麦加

Som City Design Practice II

King Abdullah Economic City

77

CBD East Expansion, Beijing, China The Sustainable City

中国北京商务中心区东扩项目 可持续发展的城市

为了满足北京快速的经济增长需 求，中央商务区的规模将扩大一 倍。将该重要区域与国际机场和 高铁相连对该区域未来的成功发 展至关重要。 一个 CBD  的绿色空间策略 扩建后的中央商务区将有机会成 为北京的下一个焦点区域。规划 方案通过共享开放空间网络及基 础设施将“新”、“旧”两个区  域衔接起来，从而避免形成新旧 两个不同 的CBD。 打造公共开放空间 考虑到现有 CBD  缺乏公共开放 空间，SOM  规划方案建议在市 区中心建造标志性公园。林荫大 道将各公园相连，形成完善的开 放空间网络。这些新建的绿色空 间＝，将作为城市的“绿肺”，  净化城市空气。通惠河也因此重 获生机，为城市的可持续发展创 造更多的机会。建议重新研究相 关建筑规范，避免出现过多的建 筑退界，并优先考虑建设公园。 挑战

Beijing’s dynamic economic growth is requiring an extensive expansion of the central business district to almost double its present size. Connecting this important district in the city to the international airport and the high-speed rail was critical to its future success. Green Space Strategy for One CBD The expansion of the Central Business District presents the opportunity to establish Beijing’s next great place. The plan strives to prevent separate identities of “old” and “new” CBDs by linking the two areas with a shared open space network and transportation infrastructure.

复杂的权属关系 缺乏街道和街区系统 公共开放空间极少 建筑退界过大 过宽的快速道路 缺乏适宜步行的环境 运河水质欠佳

Commitment to Public Open Space With public open space largely absent in the existing CBD, the SOM plan calls for signature parks at the center of new urban districts. Green boulevards will connect parks to provide a comprehensive open space network. These new green spaces will function as lungs that cleanse the city’s air. A revitalized Tonghui River creates opportunities for sustain­able development. A proposed rethinking of the building code would eliminate excessive building setbacks and prioritize public parks. Challenges Complex patterns of ownership The lack of a local street and block system Minimal public open space Excessive building setbacks Wide fast-moving boulevards The lack of a pedestrian environment Poor canal water quality

Som City Design Practice II

79

Greening Beijing toward a new livability

绿色北京，一座全新宜居城市

Som City Design Practice II

CBD East, Beijing, china

81

Principles The Sustainable City

The Next Generation of Urban Infrastructure

原则 可持续发展的城市

新一代的城市基础设施

3 1 2

Beijing

北京 Environmental Centers 环境中心

4

Below-Grade Levels

Connect to International Airport and Beijing South Station 与国际机场和北京南站相连

On-Site Power Generation

地下空间

现场发电

Main Power

ENERGY

Create a New Layer of Connected Local Streets

能源

创造一个相互连接的本地街道系统

水

主电源

WATER

Establish a Comprehensive Open Space System

废弃物

建立一个完善的开放空间系统

地热

Steam 蒸汽

waste geo-exchange

Build on a Small Urban Block Framework

Chilled Water 冷却水

塑造一个小尺度城市街区框架

Potable Water

Extend Transit Systems Throughout

饮用水

拓展四通八达的公共交通系统

Give Beijing Major New Parks

Solid Waste Collection 固体废物收集

新建北京的重要的新公园

Integrate Smarter Energy, Water and Waste Systems

Grey Water 中水

打造一体化的智能能源、水和废弃物处理系统 Geo Exchange System 地热交换系统

Som City Design Practice II

CBD East, Beijing, china

83

Connecting Beijing’s CBD to China and the World 将北京CBD与中国和世界相连

Personal Mobility and Global Connections—Walkable, Bikeable and Transit-Oriented An expanded public transportation system reduces vehicular congestion with new services such as express rail service between the Beijing Capital International Airport and the CBD, plus high-speed rail service at the Beijing South Station. Every street is designed to be bicycle- and pedestrianfriendly. The result is greater mobility and less energy consumption and pollution. 人员流动性和全球连通性—打造适宜步行、骑行并且以公交为导向的交通系  统。 借助新兴公交服务，扩展后的公共交通系统将缓解机动车交通拥堵的问题。 新兴公交服务包含将 CBD 与北京首都国际机场和北京高铁南站连接在 一起 的快速轨道交通系统等。街道均适宜骑车和步行。这既提高了交通流动性， 又降低了能耗和污染。

south station

南站

street car

有轨电车

airport

机场 BEIJING CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

北京首都国际机场

chaoyang BRT

朝阳快速公交

A multi-modal transit system providing a walkable and compact CBD 多种公交系统打造适宜步行的，紧凑的CBD

Beijing

北京

CBD

HIGH-SPEED RAIL south station

高铁南站

A connected street grid creating smaller blocks and narrow streets 相互连通的街道网络使得街区尺度更小，街道更窄

N

0

1

2

Som City Design Practice II

5km

CBD East, Beijing, china

85

Three New Public Parks, Three New Districts 三个新公园 三个新区域

Distinctive District Landscapes The SOM plan defines three new mixed-use districts, each with its own identity of distinctive buildings, iconic towers and new parks and public places. In each district, smaller walkable blocks frame streets and define public areas, activating street-level retail and contributing to social harmony. 特色鲜明的区域景观 SOM  规划确定了三个新的综合开发区域，每个区域都有各自独特的建筑， 标志性的塔楼和新的公园及公共空间。在各区域内，较小的适宜步行的地块 划分形成了街道和公共区域，激活了沿街商业，促进了社会和谐。

城市地块—单元式增长 CBD   东扩项目的地块更小，更适宜步行，这些地块重新定义了街道及公共 空间。街区包括多种建筑形式，形成连续的沿街界面，建筑布局旨在获得最 理想的采光和视野。活跃的街道高度功能空间可提供富有活力的步行体验。 为了提高交通流动性，打造适宜步行的空间，规划将 100m×100m  的街 区确定为基本的地块尺寸。

Chaoyang North Road

朝阳北路

East 4th Ring Road

Dongdaqiao Road

东四环路

C haoyang

朝阳

Road

Xidawang Road

路

西大望路

较小尺度的城市地块

The Urban Block—Increments for Growth The CBD East Expansion’s smaller, walkable blocks frame streets and define public spaces. Blocks contain multiple building forms with consistent street walls, and buildings are arranged to maximize light and views. Active street level uses create a dynamic pedestrian experience. The 100m � 100m block was the basic block dimension for the plan in order to speed up mobility and enable walkability.

东大桥路

The Small Urban Block

Jianguo Road

建国路

Tonghui Rive r Nor th Road

通惠河北路

Som City Design Practice II

CBD East, Beijing, china

87

Xiaguan Riverfront, Nanjing, China The Riverfront City 中国南京下关滨江区 滨江城市

在南京古城墙和长江江堤之间有  一片被人们长期遗忘的区域。  SOM  的设计赋予了古城南京以 崭新的面貌。通过规划八个新社 区，将城市与长江相连，使得老 工业滨江区重获新生，提高了南 京城市吸引力及其全球竞争力。 面向世界的崭新面貌 SOM  为中国的国际开发商 MCC  提供了详细的城市更新策 略，旨在打造令人瞩目的、可持  续发展的下关滨江区，其中包括 公园、运河、社区、时尚的生活  配套设施以及国际商务中心，使  南京呈现出面向世界的新面貌。 从各个方面来说，这里都将体现 真正的南京特色，包括举世闻名 的绿树成荫的街道。公共交通将 以步行和自行车为主要出行模式 的，拥有多样功能的下关滨江区 与市中心的高铁站相连，方便人 们到达新建的标志性滨江公园， 以及中国最具吸引力，最紧凑的 生活-工作-娱乐滨江区。 挑战

In a long neglected area between its ancient city wall and its Yangtze River levee, SOM has designed a bold new look for historic Nanjing. The old industrial riverfront will come to life with eight new districts that will reconnect the city to the Yangtze and increase both its local attractiveness and global competitiveness. A New Face to the World SOM’s detailed redevelopment strategy for China-based international developer MCC creates an inviting and sustainable Xiaguan Riverfront of parks, canals, neighborhoods, lifestyle amenities, and an international business center that will together give Nanjing a fresh new face to the world.

一个被人们忽视的滨江区 与长江之间的阻隔 历史建筑需要保护 缺乏一个本地街道系统 缺乏公共开放空间 区域价值被忽视

It will be authentically Nanjing in every way, including its world-renowned tree-lined streets. Public transit links the mixed-use, pedestrian-and-bicycle focused Xiaguan Riverfront with the CBD’s high-speed rail station downtown, and conveniently connects to the new city-signature riverfront park and one of China’s most stimulating and compact live-work-play waterfronts. Challenges A neglected riverfront Barriers preventing access to River Historic buildings in need of preservation The absence of a local street system Minimal public open space A devalued district within the city

Som City Design Practice II

89

Authentically Nanjing 本色南京

The new riverfront district creates a series of unique public places around old industrial slips. A green framework for future growth is created by public squares, parks and tree-shaded districts with distinctive Nanjing characteristics. 新的滨江区在老工业渠口周围设置了一系列的独特的公共空间。通过独具南 京特色的公共广场、公园和绿树成荫的社区，打造适于未来发展的绿色网络。

Som City Design Practice II

xiaguan riverfront, nanjing, china

91

Principles The Riverfront City 原则 滨江城市 yangzhou

扬州

yangtze river

长江

Nanjing

南京

WUXI

无锡

Reconnect Nanjing to its Riverfront

SUZHOU

苏州

重新将南京与滨水区相连

Shanghai

Enable Walkable Districts with Transit

上海

通过公交系统打造适宜步行的社区

Create a Mix of Use and Distinct Neighborhoods

创造功能多样且特色鲜明的社区

Extend the City’s Green Streets

延伸城市绿色街道

Define a Clear Central Boulevard that Addresses all Districts

营造一个中央林荫大道将所有的社区串联起来

Establish a Small Block Development Strategy

建立小地块开发策略

Create a New Identity for Nanjing

Hangzhou

杭州

为南京打造新的城市形象

Som City Design Practice II

xiaguan riverfront, nanjing, china

93

New Life Along the River

Nanjing’s new riverfront is designed as a continuous network of public spaces connected by a promenade. Three connected parks along the new, green three-kilometer waterfront will be constantly alive with pedestrians, joggers and bicyclists. Natural wetlands and Yangtze River overlooks give the people breathing room and quiet places. Each of the Nanjing Xiaguan Riverfront’s eight new districts is designed to tell a different story about Nanjing connecting to the world as a place for happy healthy living.

南京新的滨江区设计为连续的公共空间网络，由漫步道相连。长达 3 公里的 绿色滨水岸线将包含三个互相联系的公园，公园充满生机，遍布行人、慢跑 者和骑车者。自然湿地和长江观景平台为人们提供了呼吸新鲜空气的静谧场 所。

Land use strategy emphasizes a mix of uses

Central boulevard organizes development

City avenues are new streets that create address and identity

用地策略强调综合开发

以中央林荫大道作为组织开发的轴线

新的城市街道提供了地址和形象

Distinct neighborhoods create unique identity

Blue green network guides all growth

Transit network allows people to live and work without a car

社区空间各具特色

蓝色与绿色网络引导城市发展

公共交通网络降低了对于机动车的依赖

滨江新生活

Som City Design Practice II

南京下关滨江区的八个新社区都各具特色，述说着不同的南京故事，是体验 幸福健康生活的理想场所。

xiaguan riverfront, nanjing, china

95

Historic Districts Get New Life 老城的新生

The riverfront becomes a positive link from the past to the future by renewing historic buildings such as the old post office and Bank of China buildings on Dama Road into boutique hotels, loft-like residences, galleries and cafes. Transforming the old power plant with its tall smokestack into an iconic new cultural center and green-roofing the water treatment plant into a sloping park turns eyesores into main elements of the Riverfront design and ensures its Nanjing character. 通过对历史建筑的改造，滨江区将成为衔接过去和未来的纽带。位于大马 路的旧邮局和中国银行大楼可以改造为精品酒店、复式住宅、美术馆和咖 啡馆。

An Elegant Business District 雅致的商务区

Four core industries are clustered in a compact and worldclass business district—international shipping logistics, high-end financial and business services, an innovation industry center, and a new business and tourism destination. Highlighted by signature towers connected with the world’s highest tourist walkway. 紧凑的滨江商业区内汇集了四个核心行业—国家级长江国际航运物流服务 聚集区、长三角高端金融与商务服务第二级中心、南京市高端创造力产业 中心和南京新的市级商业圈以及休闲旅游首选地。与世界上最高的观光步 道相连的标志性大厦成为了商业区的亮点。

有着高耸的烟囱的旧发电厂被改造为新的标志性文化中心，水处理厂的屋 顶进行了景观绿化，改造为坡地公园。这些原有影响美观的构筑物均被改 造为滨江区的主要元素，并确保其体现南京特色。

Som City Design Practice II

xiaguan riverfront, nanjing, china

97

Pluit City, Jakarta, Indonesia The City of Islands 印度尼西亚雅加达市普鲁伊特城 岛屿城市

普鲁伊特城总体规划将在两个毗 邻雅加达的爪哇海景观岛上打造 东南亚最引人注目的高品质生活 区。两个填海岛屿占地  350  公 顷，是城市“群岛”项目的一部 分，整个项目将作为久被忽视的 雅加达（世界上发展最快的城市 之一）北海岸的城市再开发的先 期启动项目。 普鲁伊特城高密度的城市滨水生 活区建立于广泛的蓝绿基础设施 之上，并突出表现为岛内对雨水 的收集及再利用。 建筑体量及对公园、林荫道路的 设置旨在引导盛行海风风向，以 吹拂整个岛屿。岛上的任何居民 只需沿着林荫步道步行不超过五 分钟即可到达标志性中央公园或 社区公园，步道沿途还设有许多 商铺。 普鲁伊特城门户区域设有目的地 型商业设施。它通过便捷的交通 网络与雅加达中央商务区及国际 机场相连。 挑战

Pluit City Master Plan is designed to create Southeast Asia’s most attractive urban quality of life on two landscaped islands in the Java Sea adjacent to Jakarta. The islands’ 350 hectares of reclaimed land are part of an urban “archipelago” that is pioneering the redevelopment the long-neglected North Coast of Jakarta, one of the world’s fastest growing cities. Pluit City’s extraordinary high-density urban waterfront living will be built on an extensive blue-green infrastructure highlighted by island-wide stormwater retention and reuse.

世界城市的蔓延式增长 发展向北海岸转移 提供多样性 淡水短缺问题 缓解城市拥堵及污染 减缓海平面上升

Building massing and the placement of parks and greenways are designed to channel prevailing sea breezes across the islands. No resident will be farther than a five-minute walk along tree-shaded and shophouse-lined sidewalks to the signature Central Parks or the neighborhood parks. Pluit City has destination retail in its gateway districts. Its convenient transit network connects to the Jakarta CBD and its international airport. Challenges Sprawling world-city growth Shifting development to the north coast Providing diversity Managing freshwater scarcity Relieving urban crowding and pollution Mitigating sea level rise

Som City Design Practice II

99

Principles The City of Islands

Pluit City

JAVA SEA

普鲁伊特城

爪哇海

原则 岛屿城市

Bangka island

邦加岛

belitung island

勿里洞岛

Java Sea

爪哇海

High-Density and Low-Density Mixed-Use Seaside Living

Kota Tua

卡那图

高密度及低密度共存的多功能滨海生活区

Green Walkable Neighborhoods

绿色步行社区

JAKARTA

雅加达

Five-Minute Walk to Parks, Transit and Shops

五分钟步行可达公园、公交站点及商铺

Public Waterfront Edges and Destination Central Parks

公共滨水区及目的地型中央公园

High-Performance Blue-Green Infrastructure

高性能蓝绿基础设施

Sea Breezes Channeled Throughout

全岛海风轻拂 Pluit city

普鲁伊特城

jakarta

雅加达

Golden Triangle

金三角

Som City Design Practice II

pluit city, jakarta, indonesia

101

Connecting to the Existing Street Network and Transit Systems 连接现状路网与交通系统

The success of the new North Coast residential islands largely depends on their connections to mainland streets and transit systems. 新的北海岸住宅岛屿成功与否，很大程度上取决于它们与陆地路网和公交系 统的衔接。

Aligning Development and Open Spaces to Prevailing Winds for Natural Cooling 通过建筑的排列及开放空间设置， 利用盛行风降低温度

Connecting islands and city

Seasonal prevailing winds

将海岛与城市相连

季节性盛行风

Som City Design Practice II

Directing sea breezes across the island promotes active, healthy lifestyles as well as cooling. Ubiquitous parks, water elements and tree-shaded streets and sidewalks enable year-round outdoor living. 引导海风吹拂全岛，在降低环境温度的同时，鼓励富有活力的、健康的生活 方式。遍地的公园、水景、林荫道及人行道让居民一年四季都能够进行户外 活动。

pluit city, jakarta, indonesia

103

Denver, Colorado, USA The Accessible City

科罗拉多州丹佛联运站改造项目 四通八达的城市

多模式开发 为促进丹佛市中心的城市更新， 一个历史悠久的联运站即将被改 造。这个投资 5 亿美元的枢纽将 汇集多种交通模式，带动一个充 满活力且适于步行的多功能区域 的发展。

SOM  的战略性规划始于2005  年。该核心项目将服务于通向丹  佛国际机场的铁路。项目预计   2014  年竣工，届时改造后的双 层⻋车站将连接 8  条火车线路和 新型轻轨通勤线，并容纳  2 2   个公交汽⻋车站台。该项目旨在 振兴并整合老城中心区的综合开 发，并连接周边新兴住宅区。 投资新焦点 联运站周围 40  英亩（16 公顷） 土地吸引了众多私人投资，成为 丹佛数十年来最热门的市中心房 地产市场之一。 科罗拉多州州⻓长、前丹佛市⻓  长约翰·希肯卢珀表示，到 2020 年，该项目将为当地经济 创收 30 亿美元。

Multi-Modal Development Stimulating downtown Denver redevelopment, a $500-million multimodal hub at the revived, historic Union Station is creating a lively and walkable mixed-use district on the site of the historic rail yards. SOM’s strategic planning began in 2005 for this centerpiece project of rail access to Denver International Airport. Upon its scheduled completion in 2014, the re-developed two-level station will connect eight heavy-rail lines with new commuter light rail lines and 22 bus slips. It is designed to invigorate and integrate with mixed-use development in the historic downtown district and connect to the residential districts of the city and their front range region. New Focus for Investment The 40 acres (16 ha) of land surrounding Union Station is attracting private investment, and has created one of the hottest downtown real estate markets seen in Denver for decades. Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper, a former Mayor of Denver, said the project will grow the local economy $3 billion by 2020. FasTracks Regional Multi-Modal Network Denver Union Station is the centerpiece of the $7.8-billion FasTracks project, the largest public/private transit project under construction in the United States.

快进度区域多模式网络 丹佛联运站是投资 78  亿美元的 快进度项目的核心部分，该项目 是美国目前在建的最大规模的公 共/私营交通运输项目。 城市连接 丹佛联运站将丹佛中心两个新兴 的精明增长型社区连接起来。同  时保留了开放绿地空间及景观走  廊。 通过以下方式促进所在区域发展： 完善丹佛市中心  吸引私人投资  建设多功能生活/工作区  连接下城中心与高地社区  保留绿色开放空间及景观走廊  打造一个大型市民活动空间  通过规划便捷的步行网络为区域 注入活力

Urban Connectivity Denver Union Station anchors and connects two emerging smart growth neighborhoods in the heart of Denver. Open space is preserved along with view corridors. It Is a Catalyst for Regional Development by: Completing downtown Denver Attracting private investment Building a mixed-use, live-work district Connecting lower downtown with the Highland neighborhood Preserving open green spaces and view corridors Creating a grand new civic space Energizing the district with an active pedestrian network

Som City Design Practice II

105

Principles The Accessible City 原则 四通八达的城市

Stimulate Downtown Redevelopment 促进城市中心的改造

Northwest Rail LIne and BRT

Longmont

Revive Historic Union Station as a Transit Hub

将历史上的联运站改造为新型交通枢纽

Activate a Regional Multi-Modal Transit System

激活区域多模式交通系统

Boulder North Metro Rail LIne

Build a Renewed Downtown Mixed-Use District

更新市中心的多功能区

US 36 BRT Line

Broomfield

Denver East Rail LIne 丹佛地图

Arvada Gold Line

Denver international airport

Aurora Union Station

West Rail Line

Central Rail Extension

Lakewood Centennial

Highlands Ranch Southwest Rail Extension

Som City Design Practice II

Denver, Colorado

107

Catalyzing Core City Redevelopment 促进城市核心改造

In total, 1.35 million square feet of mixed-use development and new civic spaces on 40 acres of land around the station will double the area originally designated for redevelopment. As of 2012, some 1,240 apartments were in design within the Downtown Development Authority boundary, with a total of 4,500 apartments projected for the area. In addition, “All the office momentum in the central business district has gravitated to the Denver Union Station site,” said Dan Guimond, principal of Economic & Planning Systems in Denver. 在联运站周围 40  英亩的土地上，总共有 135 万平方英尺的多功能项目及 新市民空间，这使得建设规模比原计划增加一倍。

Strengthening the Heart of Denver 强化丹佛市中心

The signature public space is Wynkoop Plaza, spanning two blocks in front of the historic station. One side has an interactive fountain and on the other is a grove of trees with tables and chairs . When complete, the 17th Street Gardens— between the two—will have recessed plazas arranged in a pattern of garden-like seating alcoves and skylights that stretch above the bus facility for two blocks. 温库普广场作为标志性的公共空间，横跨老车站前的两个街区。广场一侧 设有互动式喷泉，另一侧设有树林，树林中布置了供行人休息的桌椅。竣 工后，位于两个街区之间的17号街道花园将设有以花园式凉亭格局布置的 凹进式广场，及延伸到两个街区的、位于公交车站设施上方的天窗。

截止到 2012 年，在市区开发主管部门的用地边界内已设计了约 1240  套公寓。该区域计划总计开发 4500 套公寓。此外，丹佛经济与规划系统 主管丹·吉蒙称，“中央商务区内所有写字楼市场主力已全面转向丹佛联 运站地区”。

1

6

3

2

4

7

8

5

1 Highlands Neighborhood 高地社区 2 Light Rail Plaza 轻轨广场 3 Denver Union Station Neighborhood 丹佛联运站社区 4 Below-Grade Bus Terminal 地下公交车终点站 5 Commuter Train Hall 通勤火车大厅 6 Historic Union Station 老联运站 7 Lower Downtown 下城中心 8 Downtown 市中心

Som City Design Practice II

Denver, Colorado

109

Lakeside, Chicago, Illinois, USA The Next-Generation City District 伊利诺伊州芝加哥市的湖滨区改造项目 新一代城区

The enormous vacant site of America’s once-largest steel mill— the former U.S. Steel South Works on Chicago’s lakefront—has, for a century, been a missing piece in the city’s continuous, open public waterfront. The Lakeside redevelopment is a bold vision to transform the site into a global-model LEED-certified, mixed-use community that catalyzes redevelopment throughout a region devastated by the factory’s closing. 21st-Century Technologies SOM’s internationally recognized Lakeside Master Plan, approved by the Chicago Plan Commission in 2010, will be brought to life by nextgeneration infrastructure—state-of-the-art environmental technologies and ICT systems—that will enhance the value of the site by offering a green lifestyle and an innovative environment for cutting-edge business and research.

位于芝加哥湖畔的美国钢铁公司 南部工厂曾是美国最大的钢铁 厂，一个世纪以来，这块土地一 直闲置，且未划入连续的湖滨公 共区域内。湖滨区改造是一个大 胆的构想，力图将其转变成一个 达到 LEED 认证标准的、全球多 功能社区的典范，并以此带动整 个区域的城市更新。 二十一世纪技术的运用 芝加哥规划委员会于 2010 年批 准了受到国际认可的 SOM  湖滨 区总体规划，该规划的实现将得 益于新一代基础设施，包括最新 的环境技术及 ICT 系统。它将为 高端商业及研究机构带来绿色生 活方式及创新的环境，进而提升 地块价值。 水、能源及废弃物的地区尺度解 决方案 湖滨地区的规模为建设地区级基 础设施提供了前所未有的机遇， 最大限度地提高了能源、废弃物 及水系统的效率。此外，地块靠 近密歇根湖，且缺乏基础设施， 这为基础设施的创新提供了可能  性。 赢得可持续发展大奖 湖滨区高性能基础设施的创新在 哥本哈根赢得了 2012  年可持续 城市发展方案设计奖。 挑战 重塑一个闲置的工业基地 加强周边社区建设 提供便利的公交 打造一个全市的目的地 引领 21世纪基础设施建设

District-Scale Solutions for Water, Energy and Waste The size of the Lakeside site presents an unprecedented opportunity to build infrastructure at the district scale, maximizing the efficiency of systems for energy, waste and water. In addition, innovations in infrastructure are made possible by the absence of existing infra­ structure and proximity to the lake. Sustainia Award Winner Lakeside’s district-scale high-performance infrastructure initiatives were recognized in Copenhagen with the 2012 City Solution Sustainia Award. Challenges Reinvent a vacant post-industrial site Strengthen surrounding neighborhoods Provide convenient transit Achieve a city-wide destination Pioneer 21st-century infrastructure

Som City Design Practice II

111

Principles The Next-Generation City District 原则 新一代城区

lake michigan

密歇根湖

chicago cbd

芝加哥 CBD

Re-Envision a Vacant Industrial Site as a Community 将废弃工业场地改造为社区

Reconnect the South Side of Chicago to Lake Michigan

将芝加哥南部地区与密歇根湖重新连接

Extend Lake Shore Drive Through the Site to Indiana

将基地湖滨大道延伸至印第安纳州

Create a New Chicago Neighborhood

打造一个新的芝加哥社区

Complete the Last Two Miles of Lake Michigan Public Access

完成密歇根湖最后两英里的公共可达性

Design the Next-Generation Infrastructure

hyde park

海德公园

设计新一代基础设施

south shore

南岸

Som City Design Practice II

lakeside, chicago, illinois

113

A Holistic Strategy for 21st-Century Living in Harmony with Nature 与大自然和谐共存 21 世纪 社区的整体策略

Clean District Energy Renewable energy, delivered by a “smart” neighborhood utility, will supply homes and businesses and demonstrate the feasibility of clean energy for cities. District energy, which combines heat and electricity generation, is the most efficient way to power a community.

Smart and Connected Lakeside aims to complete the most advanced and integrated information and communications technology network in the world. This network will enable a broad range of community services that can be accessed through a mobile phone.

Replenish the Water Supply Water will be recycled and stormwater will replenish Lake Michigan via green infrastructure that naturally improves its quality. Green streetscapes and finger parks will filter stormwater and convey it toward parks, where additional filtration will occur. Nearly 100 percent of the stormwater that falls on Lakeside will return clean to Lake Michigan.

High-Speed Broadband Residents will be attracted by those services that directly enhance quality of life, such as in schools and homes. Commercial tenants will be drawn to Lakeside for the business advantage of being well-connected to the world.

Eliminating the Concept of Waste An Integrated Resources Recovery approach will support waste minimization, recycling and composting. Energy will be recovered from materials that are not recycled or composted.

智能化与联系 湖滨区旨在建成世界上最先进的综合信息与通信技术网络。该网络能够通过 移动电话提供一系列的社区服务。 高速宽带 那些能够直接提高生活质量的服务，如在校或居家服务，对普通居民很有吸 引力。而商业租户则会被高速全球网络服务吸引到湖滨区落户。

清洁的地区能源 由“智能化”社区市政设施网络向家庭和商业机构提供可再生能源，这将证 明城市采用清洁能源的可行性。结合热电联产的区域能源是社区能源供给最 高效的方式。 供水补充 水可以回收利用，雨水可以通过绿色基础设施自然地改善水质，并作为密歇 根湖的补充水体。绿色街景及指状公园将雨水进行过滤，并输送到公园中， 进行再次过滤。这使得近  100%  的湖滨区的雨水在回流到密歇根湖时变为 清洁的水。 消除废弃物的观念 综合资源回收法将有助于减少废弃物，对废弃物进行回收处理并堆肥。无法 进行回收或堆肥的材料则将产生能源。

A re-envisioned Chicago south side 畅想芝加哥南部的未来

Som City Design Practice II

115

Heritage Conservation and Revitalization 历史遗产的保留和振兴

London, U.K.

英国伦敦

™

Detroit, U.S.A.

美国底特律

San Francisco, U.S.A.

美国旧金山 Foshan, China

中国佛山

Tianjin, China

中国天津

Som City Design Practice II

Challenges Heritage Conservation and Revitalization 挑战 历史遗产的保护与复兴

Rapid City Growth Can Remove a City’s Soul 快速的城市增长吞噬着城市的灵魂

Local Character is Priceless and Always at Risk

地域特征：无价且岌岌可危

Renewed “Old” is Good if Authentic

如能复原本色，重塑“过去”同样美好

Cities will Constantly Re-Invent Themselves

城市将不断地自我改造

Urban Renaissance Builds on Existing Strengths 基于现有优势的城市复兴

Suburban Sprawl Can Diminish the City’s Heart

城郊的蔓延式扩张会降低城市的核心的重要性

Som City Design Practice II

Donghuali, Foshan, China The Conservation City 中国佛山东华里总体规划 注重历史保护的城市

通过新的开发来保护老城 随着高层项目的开发不断地对佛 山老城区产生威胁，2006 年政 府开始积极寻求各种方法，在对 古城区进行保护的同时，建设一 个可持续发展的、现代化中心城 区，以满足城市发展的需求，容 纳  350  万人口。 在规划设计师、开发商及政府官 员召开的初步会议中，各方认为 需要在古城外进行一系列私人投 资建设。 SOM  建议建设密度应 符合新型公交导向型、综合性市 区密度开发的需求，同时该密度 所带来的商业回报应足以支付保 护和恢复历史古城活力的成本。 挑战 保护历史文化街区 打造具有经济活力的社区 寻求保护和发展之间的平衡 适应快速的城市增长

Old Town Preserved by New Development In 2006, with unremitting high rise development threatening Foshan’s Old Town, city officials sought ways to conserve the ancient area and simultaneously build a sustainable, modern central district able to meet the need a growing city of 3.5 million. Initial meetings between planners, developers and city officials recognized the need for a series of private developments outside of Old Town. The SOM strategy provided for the new developments to be built at a density able to support a new, transit-oriented, mixed-use downtown, while at the same time defraying the costs of preserving and restoring the vibrancy of the city’s historic Old Town. Challenges Preserve the extensive historic district Create economic vitality for the community Find a balance between preservation and new growth Accommodate rapid city growth

Som City Design Practice II

121

“Hill and Valley” Forms

Principles The Conservation City

“山与谷”的形式

原则 注重历史保护的城市

Responding to concerns by Foshan’s leadership about its fast-disappearing architectural heritage, planners conceived a strategy that utilized urban “hill and valley” forms. With the Temple and Old Town as the central “valley,” a series of increasingly tall high-rise developments were designed as the “hills” growing higher as they moved out and away from Old Town. The rising valley-to-hillside form provides sunlight and views for the new developments surrounding Old Town while preserving light and views for the historic district. The plan also called for the restoration of the 3,000-squaremeter Temple’s historic setting and imposition of height limit controls to preserve the Temple’s famous roof profile and striking sky silhouette. Pioneering a New Model for Historic Preservation Based on a detailed survey of the Old Town’s historic buildings, planners determined which buildings needed to be preserved and renovated. A premium was attached to saving Old Town residential areas. When required, new infill construction would be done in the style, scale and character of its historic urban setting. The goal was to revive the historic neighborhood to vibrancy and preserve its residential nature by dedicating a portion of the site to a mix of retail, commercial, entertainment, culture, arts and open space. The project pioneers a true and new-for-China mixed-use model for historical renovation.

Guangzhou

广州 foshan

佛山

为了响应佛山政府领导对于正在快速消失的历史建筑的担忧，规划师提出 了“山与谷”的城市形式策略，以祖庙和古城作为中央“谷”，一系列高 度不断增加的高层开发项目设计为“山”，随着与古城距离的增加，高度 逐渐增加。

Pioneer a New Model for Historic Conservation

Before 之前

开创历史保护的新模式

Innovate a Way to Pay for Historical Preservation

找到历史保护的创新方法

Revive Historic Neighborhoods with a Variety of Housing

After 之后

通过多种类型的住宅恢复历史街区的活力

Meet the Modern Needs of a Livable Central District

这种逐渐升高的山谷形式为古城区周边的开发项目提供了充足的日照和宽 广的视野，同时还保护了历史古城区的日照和视野。规划方案还提出恢复 3000 平米祖庙的历史风貌，并进行建筑限高控制，以保护祖庙著名的屋 顶轮廓和引人注目的天际线。 开创历史保护的新模式 基于对古城历史保护建筑详细的调查研究，规划方确定了哪些建筑需要进 行保护，哪些需要修缮。并为挽救古城住宅区的建筑增加了资金。 在尊重历史古城风貌、尺度和特征的前提下，可根据需要植入新的建设项 目。规划方案旨在通过将部分场地用于商业、娱乐、文化、艺术及开放空 间，恢复历史街区的活力，并保留其居住的特性。此项目在中国开创了通 过功能混合的方式实现历史保护的新模式。

Hong Kong

香港

满足现代宜居中心城区的需求

Accommodate Growth with Greater Density

适应密度不断增大的城市发展需求

Design Old and New in Harmony with Nature

与自然和谐相处的历史遗迹和新建项目

“Hill and Valley” forms provide sunlight and views for both the new development and for the historic district. “山与谷的形式”为新建项目和历史街区 提供了充足的日照和景观视野。

Som City Design Practice II

123

New Covent Garden Market, London, U.K. The “Final Piece” of an Urban Puzzle

英国伦敦新科芬园市场 “最后一块”城市拼图

城市更新为新市场提供资金 此项目旨在全面挖掘该市场的经 济潜力，同时不影响新市场的运  营或公共性场所感。北部的场地  、入口区、顶点区和塞萨利路区 共同组成了伦敦市内这一重要的  “机遇区域”。规划的主要目标 是尽可能提高区域的改造潜力， 以便为建设一个新市场筹措所需 的资金。 这四个场地为这个新的区域带来 了活力。开发以住宅为主要的功 能。同时，建筑首层将被用来激 发公共空间的活力，并充分尊重 大伦敦政府为该区制定的混合功 能及高密度规划设想。 四个区域有机连接、融为一体， 并通过规划的街道网络、带状公 园和铁路高架桥下方的多个联系 通道与周边环境紧密联系起来。 挑战 互相孤立的开发 缺乏大区域的发展概念 交通不便

Redevelopment Funds New Market Facility This SOM project was designed to realize its full economic potential without compromising new Market operations or the communal sense of place. The Northern site, Entrance site, Apex site and Thessaly Road site constitute significant locations within this “Opportunity Area” of London. It has been paramount to maximise the redevelopment potential of these sites, in order to create the needed funds to build a new market facility.

无特色

These four sites contribute to the vibrant character of the new district. Their primarily residential focus is complemented with ground floor uses that activate the public realm and respect the mixed-use, high-density intensification of the area envisioned by the Greater London Authority. The four sites are successfully integrated to one another and their surrounding environs through a proposed street network, a linear park and multiple links beneath the railway viaduct. Challenges Isolated and disconnected development efforts The lack of a larger district concept Inaccessibility No identity

Som City Design Practice II

125

Principles The Conservation City

Emerging Tall Building Cluster, Linear Park

原则 历史保护城市

新兴高层建筑群，带状公园

hyde park

canary wharf

海德公园

金丝雀码头

buckingham palace

白金汉宫

The area immediately east of the Northern site has been earmarked as a high-density, mixed-use focal point. Under the London View Management Framework, a number of towers at various stages of planning are emerging. The Northern site building massing contributes to and engages with this emerging cluster. As part of the open space strategy, a new linear park linking Vauxhall Transport Interchange to Battersea Power Station has been proposed. This will become an essential unifying element and a focal point within this opportunity area, with a wide variety of landscapes, public plazas, community gardens and recreation areas. This green spine will culminate at the Northern site with retail and restaurants forming the community’s eastern “gateway.” Transversal north-south links over the entire park’s length will ensure easy access to the garden space and the River Thames from the surrounding area and contribute to the site’s permeability. Both the Entrance site and the Northern site have an essential role in framing and defining the western and eastern limits of the Linear Park. 北区的东侧区域已成为高密度、综合开发的重点区域。在《伦敦景观管理框 架》的指导下，处于不同阶段的多个高层项目正在规划或兴建中。北区建筑 将成为这个新兴建筑群的一部分，并与其协调融合。 作为开放空间策略的一部分，规划建议修建一个将沃克斯豪尔交通枢纽与巴 特西发电站相连接的带状公园。公园内设置有各类景观、公共广场、社区花 园和休闲空间，它将成为这一机遇区域必要的统一性要素和焦点。这一绿色 中轴止于北区。在这里，商业和餐厅设施，构成了社区的东“大门”。贯穿 整个公园南北的道路确保人们能够从周边区域便利地进入花园区和泰晤士河 畔，同时有助于加强整个场地的渗透性。

A Distinct, New River District for London

入口区和北区对于界定带状公园框架和东西界限起了重要作用。

一个伦敦的独特的新滨河区

A New Linear Park that Connects All Neighborhoods

vauxhall transport site

一个连接所有邻里社区的新带状公园

A Connected Transit Strategy Linking All Developments

一个连接所有开发项目的公交策略

A Walkable Urban District

一个适宜步行的城区

Engage the Battersea Power Station as Landmark and Focal Point

将巴特西发电站作为地标和焦点

us embassy

northern site

battersea power station

proposed nine elms station Apex site entrance site Proposed Battersea Station market site

thessaly road site

The Entrance and Northern sites create key entry points to the Linear Park 入口区和北区共同创造了带状公园的主入口

Som City Design Practice II

127

Parkmerced, San Francisco, CA, USA The Recycled City

加利福尼亚州，旧金山，帕克默塞德社区 可循环城市

在现有城市环境下进行改造 获奖的 SOM 帕克默塞德社区愿 景规划是一个开创性的邻里环境 复兴规划方案，其综合了可持续 发展的环境和社区的宜居性。该 项目将打造一个适宜步行的综合 社区，减小对机动车的依赖，大 力改善公共交通系统，创造了大 型、富有功能的开放空间，并采 用快速发展的环保型基础设施以 降低能耗并节约水资源。 一个关键的目标是在提供更多住 宅的同时，不增加温室气体排放 以及能源和水资源的消耗。通过 在现有城市环境中兴建新住宅， 帕克默塞德社区的发展将有助于 降低郊区开发需求以及对自然栖 息地的破坏。 规划方案在增加建设密度的同时  将社区对能源和水资源的需求保 持在 2005 年的水平。系统性的 基础设施改善措施将借助一系列 先进的技术减少 56%  的人均能 耗、减少 60%  的饮用水消耗量 以及减少 60%  的废水量。 挑战

Re-Inventing Within an Existing Urban Environment SOM’s award-winning Parkmerced Vision Plan is a pioneering neighborhood revitalization program that holistically integrates environmental sustainability and neighborhood livability. The project will create a pedestrian-friendly mixed-use neighborhood that reduces automobile dependency; provides much improved connectivity to transit; creates larger, more usable open spaces; and relies upon rapidly evolving green infrastructure technologies to reduce energy and water usage.

减少机动车的使用 给战后项目注入活力 节能与创新 增加开发强度满足更多居住需求 实现温室气体排放、能耗和水耗 的零增长

A key goal is a net-zero increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy and water consumption, while providing more homes. By constructing the new homes within an existing urban environment, Parkmerced will help reduce demand for sprawling suburban development and its associated destruction of natural habitats. The Plan will hold the neighborhood’s energy and water needs at 2005 levels while increasing density. Systemic infrastructure improvements will include an array of advanced technologies to reduce annual per capita energy use by 56 percent, potable water by 60 percent, and waste water by 60 percent. Challenges Reducing automobile dependency Re-enlivening a post-war development Providing energy efficiency and innovation Increasing density with more residences Achieving net-zero GHG, energy and water

Som City Design Practice II

129

Principles The Recycled City

Interwoven Urban and Natural Systems SOM’s strategy introduces a new paradigm by modifying Parkmerced’s relationship to its underlying ecosystems. Buildings, infrastructure and public open-space organization are designed to function in tandem with nature. Specifically, to capture sunlight, mitigate strong coastal winds, allow rainwater infiltration and conveyance, and reduce waste while creating a community with greater social vitality and improved livability. Open spaces will benefit both people and natural systems. Parkmerced will treat 100 percent of stormwater runoff on-site, using integrated systems of bioswales, biogutters, ponds and streams, to manage stormwater rather than divert it into the city’s combined sewer system. This hydrological system forms the spine of an open space framework from residential courtyards through stream corridors and ponds that form the social heart of the neighborhood and connect to Lake Merced. The existing large automobile-scaled block pattern will be reduced through the introduction of a broad variety of mid-block pedestrian paseos, shared public ways, and pedestrian oriented multi modal streets. This network will be interwoven with a parallel system of bio-corridors to reestablish wildlife habitat.

原则 可循环城市

Bio-Corridor + Neighborhood Access 生态廊道+社区通道

Re-Establish the District’s Ecosystem

通过引入各类行人步道、公共道路及适宜步行的多模式街道，减少在现有 的交通模式中对机动⻋车的依赖。该网络系统还将与生态廊道并行系统相 结合，以重建野生动植物栖息地。

Connect the neighborhood to the surrounding community as well as the Lake Merced ecosystem 将该社区与周边社区及默赛德湖生态系统 连接起来

+

Focus neighborhood services and social amenities at the center of Parkmerced along a stream corridor that cleans rainwater runoff and provides new habitat for native plants and animals

+

伯克利

Provide Next-Generation High-Performance Infrastructure

Stream Corridor + Social Heart 溪流廊道+社交中心

设置新一代、高性能基础设施

Develop an Extensive Water Reuse Strategy Design for Living Without a Car

开放空间将同时为人类和自然系统带来裨益。帕克默塞德社区将达 100%  的场地雨水径流处理、综合利用生态湿地、水道、池塘径流系统 ，对雨水 进行有效管理，而不是将雨水简单地排入城市雨污合流的系统。该水利系 统形成了开放空间框架的主轴，开放空间包括住宅庭院、溪流廊道等，形 成了社区的社交中心，并与默塞德湖相连。

berkeley

重新建立区域生态系统

制定广泛的水资源再利用策略

相互交融的城市和自然系统 SOM 规划方案策略通过调整帕克默塞德与其生态系统之间的关系，引人 了一个新范例。设计旨在将建筑、基础设施和公共开放空间布置与自然环 境相结合，具体而言，通过更好地利用阳光、减弱强劲的海风、增强雨水 渗透和输送、减少废弃物产生来打造一个更具活力且宜居的社区。

oakland

沿溪流廊道设置在默赛德中心设置社区服务及社交 配套设施。溪流廊道清洁了雨水径流，并为野生动 植物提供了栖息地。

奥克兰

san francisco

旧金山

Hedgerows + Primary Linkages 灌木篱墙+主要连接

设计不依赖机动车出行的生活方式

Buffer against prevailing westerly winds and maximize daylight penetration with a primary NorthSouth orientation 设置隔离带抵御盛行西风。通过南北向布局 将自然采光最大化。

Engineer Smarter, More Efficient Buildings

+

更智能、更节能的建筑

Achieve a More Livable District

Open Space + Building Form 开放空间+建筑形式

实现更宜居的社区

Encourage community interaction with gardens, parks and recreation spaces defined by the adjacent building edges 鼓励社区花园、公园和休闲娱乐空间中的互 动活动。这些空间由邻近的建筑限定边界。

Rainwater + Neighborhood Streets 雨水+社区街道

Create a fine-grained street pattern and drainage network that maximizes biofiltration and offers a variety of engaging pedestrian routes

+

+

创建细密的街道结构和排水网络将生物过 滤系统最大化，并以多样的方式与步行 路径相结合。

Habitat Network + Pedestrian Walkways 栖息地网络+步行道

Link all open spaces into an ecologically interconnected and interdependent network with a system of pedestrian connections that lead to the neighborhood’s social heart

+

将相互连接的开放空间网络系统与独立的通 向社区社交中心的行人步道系统联系起来。

Som City Design Practice II

131

Tianjin Financial Street, Tianjin, China The Revitalized City 中国天津金融街项目 重新恢复生机的城市

新金融区 天津是中国的第六大城市，人口 为 1100  万。其位于渤海海湾上 游的海河两岸，千百年来一直是  北京的出海港口及亚洲领先的贸 易都市之一。高速铁路的建造为  “天津金融城”带来了新的发展 机遇，使天津成为了一个更具有 吸引力的生活／工作的场所。 多功能混合的关键性城市体量 SOM  在愿景规划中纳入商业、 住宅和休闲娱乐等多种功能，旨 在提高居民和工作人员的生活质 量。通过发展密度较大、且高度  较高的多功能建筑，街道将重新 焕发活力，居民也将参与全天 24   小时的城市活动。精心设置 的开发退界要求将保持现状历史 尺度得以延 续。 挑战 城市人口的快速迁移 未被充分利用的滨河区 受到威胁的历史建筑 对于密度更大的城区的需求

A New Financial District With a population of 11 million, Tianjin is China’s sixth-largest city. Located on the banks of the Haihe River upstream from the Bohai Gulf, Tianjin has served for centuries as Beijing’s port and one of Asia’s leading trading metropolises. The opportunity to redevelop the old industrial port area into “Tianjin Financial City” arrived with a highspeed rail link that made it possible for Tianjin to serve as an attractive live/work alternative. Mixed-Use for Critical Mass SOM’s vision incorporates a mix of commercial, residential and recreational uses aimed at enhancing the lives of residents and workers. The streets are “revitalized” through higher density and taller mixed-use buildings that increase 24-hour residential participation. The existing historical scale is maintained through sensitive setbacks. Challenges Rapid urban migration An underutilized riverfront Threatened historic buildings Demand for denser urban districts

Som City Design Practice II

133

Principles The Revitalized City

Respect for History— A Sustainable Future

原则 重新恢复生机的城市

尊重历史— 一个可持续发展的未来

Respect for History Specific height limits are set following a stepped concept and proximity to historic buildings, to preserve the character of Liberation Road and allow intensification of development away from the historic areas. Sustainable Revitalization The riverbanks are a continuous “Central Park,” linking to smaller park streets radiating from the river that create connections between the Tianjin riverfront, Liberation Road and the new CBD. Through the integration of historic revitalization, compact density, riverfront access and environmental sustainability, Liberation Road can become a diverse and livable place that is unique to Tianjin. 尊重历史 结合阶梯式布置的理念以及与历史建筑间的距离，设定明确的建筑限高要 求 ，保留解放路的特色。在高密度的开发区与历史城区之间设置适当的缓 冲空间。

Beijing

北京

可持续发展的复兴之路 河岸如同连续的“中央公园”，与沿河呈放射状的小规模公园街道相连接。 这些公园街道为天津滨河区、解放路和新 CBD  之间建立了连接。借助历 史复兴、紧凑的开发密度、滨河区的可达性以及环境的可持续发展等综合 措施 ，解放路所在区域将成为天津独特而又多样的宜居地区。

Define a Clear Reuse Strategy for Historic Buildings 确定清晰的历史建筑再利用策略

Preserve the Liberation Road Corridor

Existing Buildings 现状建筑

保护解放路走廊

Strategic Infill Along Liberation Road

Mid-rise Structures to Complete the Fabric

High-Rise Towers Inserted on Specific Sites

沿解放路合理规划新建建筑

利用中等高度的建筑完善城市肌理

在特定地点建造高层塔楼

Design a Continuous Riverfront Park

设计一个连续的滨河公园

Create New, High-Density Districts Next to Historic Districts

历史街区附近营造一个高密度区域

Tianjin

天津市中心

Shape a New Urban Form for the City’s Core

为城市的核心塑造一个新的城市形态

tanggu

塘沽

Som City Design Practice II

Tianjin Financial Street, Tianjin, China

135

Detroit, Michigan, USA Reviving a City

有关密歇根州底特律的构想 汽车城的复兴

渐趋萎缩的市中心，恣意蔓延的 都市规模 50  多年来，低密度且以独户住 宅为主的底特律人口数量持续下  降。而位于城市周边的密歇根州 东南部地区却不断向外扩张。预  计到 2030 年，面积将超过底特 律的三倍，并占用城市周边 500  平方英里的农田和森林。 城市土地过剩 底特律包含散落于许多独户住宅 间仍需市政服务的闲置土地，其  中大部分可在近期回收利用。  SOM  的城市设计师认为，最好 的环境、经济和社会政策就是城 市核心区再开发以满足区域人口 增长的需求。

Shrinking City, Sprawling Metropolis For more than 50 years, the population of low-density, mostly singlefamily-home Detroit has been steadily declining. The Southeastern Michigan region surrounding the city continues to grow however. This sprawling new development is expected by 2030 to cover more than three times the City of Detroit’s land area and will consume 500 square miles of farmland and forest on the urban periphery.

逆转经济衰退 底特律的低密度区域打破了区域 联系，孤立了各社区—从而增加 了基础设施的运营成本。以使用 机动车为主导的“汽车之城”， 其公共交通系统十分有限，而今 有相当一部分人无法承受私家车 的开支。但美国各地的年轻人被 这个生活成本较低的大城市所吸 引，纷纷迁至底特律。

An Overabundance of City Land Detroit contains more single-family-zoned empty land—that still demands city services—than can be returned to productive use in the near term. SOM City Designers think that a strategy of accommodating expected regional population growth by redeveloping its core city would be the best environmental, economic and social solution.

Over 150,000 vacant parcels 逾15万个闲置地块

Reversing Economics of Decline The City of Detroit’s areas of low density disconnect districts and isolate neighborhoods—increasing infrastructure operating costs as public utility consumption declines. The “Motor City” was designed for cars, has limited public transit, and now has a sizeable population that cannot afford a car. But younger people from around America are moving in, drawn by highly affordable and authentic big-city living.

Som City Design Practice II

137

Principles The Renewed City

Detroit Must Think About Its Future Differently

原则 重塑城市

底特律对未来的设想必须与众不同

Strategies for Building from the Bottom Up In analyzing Detroit’s challenges, SOM City Design devised a set of realistic principles and strategies for large-scale revitalization by identifying areas of existing strength throughout the city. These were then designed into larger clusters—linked to downtown with boulevards, major roads and green corridors—to define a strong city core where investment and new-resident attraction could be focused. Transform the Riverfront The strategy also recommended accelerating ongoing efforts to transform the Detroit riverfront into an attractive regional and tourist amenity, establishing a base for inlandmoving redevelopment. Rethinking the Places In Between The SOM thinking also proposed reimagining the places in between the core-strength clusters, by using large areas of vacant land as an urban laboratory—for experimenting with a diversity of innovative uses and community programming, such as a new type of active Detroit park system. Greening the Grassroots The city’s vacant land could also support renewable energy fields, urban agriculture for nutrition and health, in-city natural habitats as well as community-based art, education, recreation and innovation incubators. A green framework for building from the bottom up. Restoring Natural Systems Large tracts of vacant land present the rare opportunity for returning areas of the city to their pre-urban natural states. By opening up the city’s creek system—long ago covered by development—and by reestablishing its natural drainage systems, new amenities would be created to encourage redevelopment.

Be the “D”­—Authentic Detroit 打造真正的“底特律”

Downtown Matters

自下而上的建筑策略 基于对底特律面临挑战的分析，SOM  城市设计团队充分利用城市现有优 势 ，为城市的大规模复兴制定出一套切实有效的原则和策略。而后将其应 用于更大面积的区域—这些区域通过林荫大道、主干道和绿色廊道与市中 心连接起来—形成强大的城市核心区，从而吸引投资及新的居民。

重视市中心的发展

A Safer City

一个更安全的城市

滨河区转型 同时还建议加快工作进度，把底特律的滨河区改造成为引人入胜的区域性 度假胜地，为其向内陆的拓展奠定基础。

A More Connected City

一个连接性更好的城市

重新构想中间区域 SOM 还建议对介于核心区和优势社区之间的区域进行重新构想，把大面 积闲置土地用作城市试验基地来进行各种创新性用途和社区规划，例如打 造一个新型的活跃的底特律公园系统。

Actively Engaged Residents

更注重居民互动的社区

Stronger, More Active Neighborhoods

detroit

底特律

自下而上的绿色框架 城市的闲置土地还可用作可再生能源场、城市农场、城市自然栖息地，以 及社区级艺术、教育、娱乐和创新基地，打造一个自下而上的绿色建筑框 架。

更强大，更活跃的邻里社区

恢复自然生态体系 大片闲置土地使城区有可能恢复到城市化之前的自然状态。通过开发城市 溪流系统（曾被长期遮盖），重建自然排水系统及新建配套设施等一系列 措施来鼓励人们再度开发该地区。

toledo

托莱多

cleveland

克里夫兰

Som City Design Practice II

Detroit, Michigan

139

A Strategy for New Life in Detroit 为底特律的新生而制定的发展策略

Population density (persons/acre) 人口密度 （人/英亩）

0–8 9–14 15–21 22–63

The City Today—Large areas of Vacancy

Identify Areas of Strength; Direct Future Growth to Areas of Strength

城市现状—大面积闲置土地

确定优势区域：根据地区优势引导开发

Green the Boulevards; Connect the Districts Together

Transform Vacant Lands—Develop a City-Wide Open Space System

绿化道路：将各区域联系起来

改造闲置土地—开发城市开放空间系统

Som City Design Practice II

Detroit, Michigan

141

Redefining Outlying and Rural Communities

重新界定郊区和乡村社区

Istanbul, Turkey

土耳其伊斯坦布尔

Guangzhou, China

中国广州

Jiaxing, China

中国嘉兴

Som City Design Practice II

™

Challenges Redefining Outlying and Rural Communities 挑战 重新界定郊区和乡村社区

Rapid Urban Expansion into Rural Areas 城市向乡村的快速扩张

Loss of Historic and Cultural Context

历史和文化氛围的缺失

Abandoned Industrial Districts 废弃的工业区

Loss of Farmlands

农田的减少

Destructive Farming Practices

毁灭性的农耕方式

Harmonizing Urban Growth and the Environment

城市增长与环境的协调

Som City Design Practice II

University Island, Guangzhou, China The Education City 中国广州大学城 教育城市

打造大尺度的宜居环境 广州东南部珠江岛上的传统农庄  经开发后，建筑分布紧凑，道路  尺度亲切宜人。仅仅七年间，10  所大学校园拔地而起，却没有任 何配套设施或自然景观，到任何 一个最近的目的地都需要乘车。 存余的旧村落被孤立，当地居民 和新建大学的 40  万名学生的生 活质量也随之下降。 采用具有当地特色的设计 SOM  的设计团队直接与当地村 民合作，发展了一种全新方法， 创造出全岛范围的宜居性，还原  了当地特色和场所感。采用具有  “岭南”特色的设计方法，关注 自然、人类的需求以及环境的可 持续发展。规划方案创造性地保 留了当地遗产和历史特色，既满 足了不断增长的人口的需求，还 令村民对区域文化和历史充满自 豪感。

Making Large-Scale Livable On a Pearl River island southeast of Guangzhou, traditional farming villages developed as a collection of compact and close-knit buildings and narrow pathways. In just seven years, 10 university campuses sprang up around them with no amenities or natural escapes and with the nearest destinations requiring a car. The surviving old villages were isolated, and quality of life was comprised for both local residents and the new universities’ 400,000 students.

多社区和谐发展 SOM  的设计团队与当地城市规 划人员密切合作，规划方案将所 有村落纳入到更大范围的大学社 区中，为人们提供了更大的社交 场所。设计探讨了如何挖掘机会 进行资源保护和适应性再利用。 同时，该项目将对村庄进行了负 责任的改造，并使其与周边的高 密度区相适应。

Using Local Design SOM collaborated directly with villagers and devised a new methodology to create island-wide livability, restore identity and a sense of place. The local “Lingnan” design approach of sensitivity to nature, human needs and sustainable environmental systems would be the strategy. The plan creatively preserves local heritage and historic qualities in ways that meet the needs of a growing population and create pride in regional culture and history. Harmonizing Many Communities Working closely with local city planners, the SOM approach integrates each village into the larger university community and increases areas for social interaction. By exploring opportunities for preservation and adaptive reuse, the plan demonstrates responsible redevelopment of traditional villages and adapts them to the surrounding high density areas.

Som City Design Practice II

147

Principles The Education City 原则 教育城市

Guangzhou

baietan

广州

白鹅潭

foshan

university island

大学城

佛山

Integrate the Old and the New 新旧交融

shenzhen

Follow Local “Lingnan” Design Heritage

深圳

遵循当地 “岭南”特色进行设计

Establish Mutual Benefits of New Development

“互赢互利”的新开发

Hong Kong

Restore Villages as Social and Retail Centers

香港

将村庄恢复为社交和商业中心

Link Campuses to Villages with Green Walkways

通过绿色步道将大学园区和村庄联系起来

Create Employment for Villagers

Beigang Village

Suishi Village

贝岗村

穗石村

Beiting Village

Nanting Village

北亭村

南亭村

为村民提供就业

Unify Island into a Cohesive, Social Whole

将整个岛屿统一成协调一致的社会整体

Preserve and Renew Adaptable Village Buildings

保护和改造利用村庄建筑

Som City Design Practice II

university island, guangzhou, china

149

Village Centers for University Lifestyles 村落中心： 满足校园生活方式

Village Centers for University Lifestyles By strengthening connections between the villages and universities, the SOM plan promotes stewardship and renewal of the whole island. New strategies include providing a range of housing options and increasing areas for social and intellectual interaction. New retail and commercial centers with walkable streets and connected pedestrian pathways bring a rich and diversified experience within a quick stroll of each campus. A number of smaller pathways will be restored and integrated into new development parcels. These shaded walkways connect open spaces and community uses to every part of the village. Streets are positioned to preserve existing buildings, while creating a neighborhood with smaller scaled blocks. 村落中心： 满足校园生活方式 规划方案增强了村落和大学之间的联系，对整个岛屿的管理和改造起到了 推动作用。新规划策略中包括提供多种居住选择，并为社交和知识交流提 供更多的场所。新的零售和商业中心的街道适于步行，人行道相互连接， 方便人们在校园和村落之间休闲散步，为人们带来丰富多彩的生活体验。 一部分较小的巷道将被修复，纳入新开发的地块中。这些林荫小道将村落 中的开放空间和社区使用空间连接在一起。街道的设置要保留现有建筑， 在规模更小的街区中创造适于步行的邻里环境。

Lingnan = the Pearl River Delta Approach 岭南 = 珠江三角洲的本地特色

Lingnan = Harmonizing Urban and Natural Systems The vision for University Island is a place of great parks and quality open spaces, of modern canals and restored eco­ systems. To achieve this vision, the island will utilize natural infrastructure that cleans and returns water to the soil. Future development will respect the natural topography and rich landscape that defines the island by preserving features such as hills, trees and waterways. All done in a distinctively Pearl River Delta way. Living the Local Character of the Pearl River Delta The locally distinctive spatial organization of each existing village helps to achieve higher density and renew the village identities. Older village buildings secure a sense of place, and many buildings within the villages can be preserved or restored with new uses. The Lingnan approach was applied to both the village and urban island scales. Lingnan has defined multiple generations of buildings and development that are inseparable from the Guangzhou lifestyle. Buildings will be scaled to connect open spaces and maintain views across the villages. 岭南 = 城市与自然系统和谐共存 大学城的构想是创造一个集公园、高质量开放空间、现代运河和经修复的 生态系统为一体的场所。大学城将利用天然的基础设施将水净化，再将其 返回土壤，以实现该构想。 将来的开发将尊重城市的原有地貌和丰富的景观，保留山脉、树木和水道 等自然特征。所有工作都将以具有珠江三角洲特色的方式完成。 保留珠江三角洲的本地特色 规划设计对每个现有村落的空间布局及具本地特色，不仅实现了建筑高密 度 ，而且赋予村落以新的特色。村落里的老旧建筑最能体现地方特色，其 中许多建筑都可保留，甚至开发新的用途。 对村落和整个大学城的建设都采用岭南风格。很多年来，岭南风格对建筑 和项目的开发都与广州的生活方式密不可分。建筑尺度必须与开放空间相 协调并保留原有村落的视野。

Som City Design Practice II

university island, guangzhou, china

151

Cendere Valley, Istanbul, Turkey A Post-Industrial Future

土耳其伊斯坦布尔市的切恩德勒谷总体规划 后工业时期的未来

切恩德勒谷总体规划，把未充分 利用的前工业谷转化为集聚住宅 区和知识产业的新中心。切恩德 勒谷是伊斯坦布尔北部边界的一 个重要地标，从城市中心北侧未 开发的山林区一直延伸到伊斯坦 布尔南侧历史著名海港的地标性 金角湾。 城市蔓延 伊斯坦布尔城区无限制地大幅向 外扩张，城市建筑缺少统一的格 调。随着城市的扩张，切恩德勒 谷外围空间区域逐步成为焦点区 域，价值逐渐显现。 失落的工业 许多化工业和制造业的搬迁留下 了大量遗弃物和未被充分利用的 地块。该区域需要彻底改造。 恶化的环境 因为河流可以用来倾倒工业废弃 物，切恩德勒谷在历史上被用作 工业用途。该走廊迫切需要修复 和复原。

The Cendere Valley Master Plan transforms an underutilized industrial valley and a deteriorated Cendere River into a new center of mixed-use communities and knowledge-based industries. Cendere River Valley is a prominent region on the northern edge of Istanbul, and it connects the hills to the iconic bay of the Golden Horn at Instanbul’s historic harbor. Sprawling Istanbul The metropolitan area of Istanbul is marked by uncontrolled sprawl, and a lack of a coherent urban built form. As the city has grown, Cendere Valley’s peripheral location has become more centralized and valued. Lost Industries The relocation of many chemical and manufacturing industries have left a large number of derelict and underutilized land parcels. There is a need to re-invent the district. Deteriorated Environment The Cendere River Valley has historically been industrial due to the river’s use for the disposal of manufacturing waste. The corridor is in great need of repair and restoration.

Som City Design Practice II

153

Principles A Post-Industrial Future 原则 后工业时期的未来

Restore the Cendere River Valley Ecosystems 修复切恩德勒谷的生态系统

Preserve the Forested Region

保护森林地区

Define Live-Work Districts Linked by the River

界定由河流连接的生活和工作区

Concentrate Densities at the Rail Stations

将开发强度集中布置在轨交车站周边

Link Cendere Valley and Central Istanbul with Public Transit

通过公共交通连接切恩德勒谷和伊斯坦布尔市中心

Attract Talent to this River-Focused Community 将人才吸引至这个以河流为中心的社区

istanbul

Som City Design Practice II

cendere valley, istanbul, turkey

155

A new urban district for Istanbul frames a restored river valley

围绕被修复的河谷的 伊斯坦布尔新城区

Som City Design Practice II

157

A City Connected 一个四通八达的城市

Three major clusters, each focused on live-work and mixed-use development, are connected by a river park system and a pedestrian network. Intensive industrial uses are replaced with dense urban living, new employment and a vibrant shopping environment. A new linear river park, a central urban garden and internal public plazas will soften the urban district and provide places for people to gather and enjoy their new community. A network of well-defined spaces is connected to transit stops, with the highest densities located around major stations. The character, scale and architectural expression of the development are inspired by the rhythm, color and rich relationships among indoor and outdoor spaces of traditional Ottoman architecture and the inner Istanbul city districts where these eclectic communities thrive.

The Harmony of City and Nature 城市和自然的和谐共存

三大开发组团，以生活—工作和多功能开发为发展焦点，通过河岸公园系 统和人行道网络相互连接在一起。密集型城市生活、新的就业机会和生机 勃勃的购物环境取代了集约化产业。新的滨河公园，中央花园和和内部公 共广场美化了城区，为人们提供了享受社区生活的集会的场所。

场地蜿蜒狭长，地形条件复杂，成为构筑新的城市框架时除现存工业遗迹 以外必须考虑的因素，以尽可能让人们充分享用森林丘陵及河谷的美景。

具有良好格局的空间网络与公共交通站点相连。围绕主要站点，设置最高 开发强度。

目前，切恩德勒河流淌在狭窄的混凝土河道内，经过精心规划，它将于不 久恢复以前的自然条件，从山谷中蜿蜒流淌。河岸公园将与其下游的大型 公园相连，并在目前缺少开放空间的城市中形成一个区域性公园网络。周 边恢复自然生态的森林，使紧凑型开发项目从附近城郊社区的开发形式中 脱颖而出，风格迥异。

该项目的特色、尺度及建筑表达的灵感源于土耳其传统建筑物及伊斯坦布 尔市中心区域（各种社区在此蓬勃发展）室内和室外空间的韵律、色彩和 丰富的关系。

Designed at a human scale—the plan consists of three major development clusters, each focused on live-work and mixed-use developments which are connected by a river network.

Multiple transit stations are within a comfortable walking distance and concentrated at points of highest density.

在切恩德勒谷中，紧凑的城市肌理与周围的野生自然景色形成了强烈的对 比。林荫广场、城市花园和绿色人行道的宜人景致和谐地融入到开发项目 中。沿南北向大街布置的林荫、雨篷和建筑创建了舒适的户外空间。主要 街道和人行道在朝向设计上，既考虑了如何确保全年舒适的微气候，又考 虑到享受夏季的习习凉风，同时还要考虑在冬季如何利用建筑来挡风。

项目设计注重人性化尺度，包括三大开发组 团，以生活-工作和多功能开发为发展焦点， 并通过河道网络相互连接。

多个公交站点位于舒适的步行范围之内， 围绕站点集中布置了最高建筑密度的开发。

cendere valley, istanbul, turkey

The site’s sinuous and elongated shape, its challenging topographical conditions and its industrial heritage all shaped the new urban framework, and oriented its views toward the protected forested hills and river valley. The Cendere River, currently flowing through a narrow concrete channel, will be restored to its natural condition. A river park will connect to larger parks downstream, and establish a regional park network in a city with little open space. Cendere Valley’s contrasting dense urban grain and wild natural scenery define the place. Landscape permeates the development with shaded plazas, urban gardens and green walks. Tree shading, overhead canopies and buildings shading the primary north-south street create comfortable outdoor spaces. In addition, the major streets and pedestrian walkways are oriented to create micro-climates, with cool breezes in summer and cold winter winds blocked by building massing.

Som City Design Practice II

159

Nanhu New Country Village Jiaxing, China The New Agricultural Village 中国嘉兴南湖新农村 新农村

SOM is honored that Nanhu is the first to receive The Paulson Prize for Cities of the Future, recognizing a “creative and effective solution promoting sound ecological development“ in municipal China. 对于嘉兴南湖新农村总体规划项目第一个获得“保尔森未来城市奖”，SOM感到  非常荣幸。该奖项旨在表彰“促进稳健生态发展的具有创新和高效的项目”。

向“生态农业”转变 中国各个地区的迅速城市化正在 破坏并急剧地减少农业景观。南 湖新村项目有助于国家农业改革 目标的实现，在乡村环境中纳入 了农业和城市共同发展的现代方 法。获奖的总体规划方案对农田 进行了合并和重组，在提高村庄 密度的同时，也不会对农田造成 额外的压力。 在 1100  公顷的土地中，其中 700   多公顷将保留作为农田， 其农产品将为该地区内的几个大 型城市（上海、杭州和苏州）中 近  8000  万的居民提供粮食。 现代化农村 南湖周边无控制性的发展导致了 杂乱无序的密度扩张：单调的邻 里环境没有任何特色，并且缺少 开放空间。同时， SOM  的总体 规划通过创建多样化、综合功能 的村庄和紧凑型的社区来解决上 述面临的难题。公交支撑的村落 将成为现代生态农村的典范。

Shifting to “Ecosystem Agriculture” Across China, rapid urbanization is radically reducing its limited farmlands. Nanhu New Country Village furthers the nation’s farm reform goals, bringing a modern approach to integrating agriculture and urban development in a village setting. The award-winning master plan consolidates and reorganizes farms so that the new village can increase in density without putting additional development stress on farmland. Of the 1,100 hectare site, over 700 hectares will be maintained as working farms with produce that will help feed the nearly 80 million residents of the region’s mega cities: Shanghai, Hangzhou and Suzhou. A Modern Farm Village Uncontrolled growth around Nanhu is leading to sprawling, monotonous neighborhoods with no character and a lack of open space. The SOM master plan resolves these challenges with a diverse, mixed-use village creating a compact community. The transit-supported village can serve as a model for the modern, ecological agricultural village. Diversified Operations: More Profitable Farming Nearly two thirds of the site will be maintained as working farms that will produce organic herbs, vegetables, fruits, rice and flowers. On the eastern portion, large-scale organic farming will produce the high-value commodities that drive Nanhu’s economy. Within the village area, smaller community-based farms will supply residents with produce. Adjacent to the village, land is reserved for special educational family farms. Additional farmland northwest of the site will be devoted to agri-tourism and the production of specialty crops such as medicinal herbs.

多种经营方式：提供农耕利润 场地内近三分之二的土地将保留 为农田，种植有机植物、蔬菜、 水果、水稻和花卉。东侧大规模 的有机耕作将生产出高价值的商 品，促进南湖的经济发展。 村庄内较小规模的社区型农田将 为居民提供粮食。与村庄相邻的 土地将保留作为专用教育型家庭 农场。场地西北侧的农田将专用 于农家乐旅游和生产药草等特殊 产品。 宜人的补救措施 整个场地的绿化景观将有助于雨 水的收集和渗透。为了改善径流 的水质，采用阶梯式湿地能在水 流入渠道之前进一步对水进行处 理。沿台地修建的步行道将使该 水净化系统成为所有人共享的便 利设施。 恢复水质 流经场地的渠道系统目前并不连 通，导致水体被污染变质。规划 方案去掉了不流通的渠道，建设 新的渠道，以改善整个场地的水 流。阶梯式洼地和湿地系统能够 过滤和净化径流和废水。

Enjoyable Remediation Ecological features throughout the site will detain and infiltrate stormwater. To improve the quality of runoff, terraced wetland basins will further treat the water before emptying it into the canals. Walkways along the terraces will make this water purification system an amenity to be enjoyed by all. Restoring Water Quality The canal system that runs through the site is currently disjointed, causing polluted, stagnant waters. The plan removes dead-end canals and creates new connections to improve water flow across the site. A system of terraced bio-swales and wetlands will filter and cleanse canal water and wastewater. Som City Design Practice II

161

Principles The New Agricultural Village

All development is located within a 15-minute walking distance from the commercial center of the village. 所有开发项目都在距新农村商业中心

原则 新农村

15 分钟步行距离之内。

5 min walk

5分钟步行

Nanjing

南京

10 min walk

10分钟步行 Shanghai

上海

15 min walk

15分钟步行 Jiaxing

嘉兴

Hangzhou

杭州

Reestablish the Fragmented Canal System

Ningbo

宁波

重建本不连通的运河系统

Consolidate Scattered Farm Houses into a Village

Local shuttle buses connect with high-speed rail, which provides access to Shanghai within 30 minutes. 本地穿梭巴士与高铁站相连，可在 30  分钟内抵达上海。

将分散的农舍集中于一个村庄里

Preserve and Consolidate Farmland

保护和整合农田

Increase Farm Productivity and Farmer Income

提高农业生产力和农民收入

Restore Water Quality Naturally

以自然的方式恢复水质

Connect Farm Village to Nanhu City

将村庄与南湖城区相连

Secure the Region’s Food Supply

确保区域粮食供给 high-speed RAIL 30 MIN TO SHANGHAI

30分钟可抵达上海的高铁线路

high-speed rail shuttle 5-MIN RIDE TO STATION

5分钟可抵达高铁站的穿梭巴士

city bus

城市公交

Som City Design Practice II

Nanhu New country village, jiaxing, china

163

Consolidated Village and Farmlands 合并村庄和农田

Today, households are scattered and each home has access to a small plot of farmland. The plan reorganizes residential and agricultural uses to create a compact village surrounded by agricultural land. Reorganizing the village will maximize the amount of high-quality farmland and prevent piecemeal urbanization. Increasing the density of the village greatly improves access to basic infrastructure, since less physical infrastructure is needed per resident. A compact and interconnected street network maximizes access and circulation to support future village development.

Local Jiangnan Character 江南当地特色

目前，各家各户较为分散，每个家庭使用一小块农田。规划方案对居住和农 业功能进行了重新布局，创建了一个农业用地围绕的紧凑型村庄。对村庄进 行重新布局，尽可能多的增加优质农田的面积，并防止其被逐片城市化。提 高村庄密度后，每户所需的基础设施相对减少，从而有助于人们更加方便的 利用基础设施。紧凑且相互连接的街道网极大的改善了通行和交通循环，有 助于今后的发展。

The design coalesces the site’s agrarian setting with its transit access and urban amenities to create a compact village. The form derives from the historic Jiangnan style and water villages of the region, embracing the local culture and lifestyle. A first of its kind in scale and goals, the project sets a new standard in modern, ecological agricultural village living. Nanhu Village serves as a model of responsible growth that can ensure a secure food supply, promote healthy living, create jobs for future generations, improve water quality, and protect precious agricultural resources from the sprawl of China’s mega-cities. 设计综合考虑了场地的农耕环境与公共交通可达性和城市设施，创建了紧凑 适于步行的村庄，可从四面八方通往开放空间。这种建筑形式源于当地著名 的江南风格和水乡特色，并与当地的文化和生活方式相结合。此项目的规模 和目标在同类项目中首屈一指，成为现代、生态和农庄生活的新标杆。南湖 村是有序稳步发展的典范，这种发展模式能够确保稳定安全的食品供应，促 进健康生活，为子孙创造就业机会，改善水质，保护宝贵的农业资源不受中 国大城市蔓延的侵占。

Agri-tourism, health food, and herbal medicine farms

农业旅游、健康的食物和草药农场

High-tech organic seedling area

高科技有机苗区域

Consolidate Farmland 合并农田

Community Farm

社区农场

Create a Better Network of Canals 创建更好的运河网络

Leisure, education, boutique family farms 休闲、教育、精品家庭农场

Consolidate Growth 稳固增长

Large-scale organic farm

大规模有机农场

Som City Design Practice II

Nanhu New country village, jiaxing, china

165

Creating Natural Reserves 打造自然保护区

™

Da Nang, Vietnam

越南岘港市

Som City Design Practice II

Challenges Creating Natural Reserves 挑战 打造自然保护区

An Exceptional Natural Area Under Development Pressure 城市发展压力下的特殊自然区域

Sustainable Employment Base Needed

需要可持续就业基地

Unplanned Growth and Development 无计划的增长和开发

Unseen Economic Opportunity

未预见的经济发展机会

Rare Habitats at Risk

濒危的罕见自然栖息地

A Strategic Amenity for High-Density City Growth

针对高密度城市发展的战略性配套设施

Som City Design Practice II

Son Tra Peninsula Da Nang, Vietnam A New National Park

在保护生态的基础上创造价值 全岘港都可以远眺山茶半岛的绵 延青山，这一片宝贵的自然资源 正受到无节制开发的威胁。若能 妥善保护和管理环境，山茶半岛 有望成为岘港省福泽万代的生态 旅游区。

越南岘港市山茶半岛 一个崭新的国家公园

新思考方式 SOM  的战略性规划赋予越南一 种新的思考方式，有助于长期保 持山茶地区的经济价值，并对岘 港的健康发展起到至关重要的作 用。为了保护景观资源，执导未 来开发，全面考虑山茶地区生态 资产价值势在必行。 一系列策略 项目以为岘港人民服务为准则, 制定了对山茶地区进一步开发的 详细控规。山茶半岛已规划了大 量的未来开发项目，但这些项目 均缺乏对总体环境的长远考虑。 旅游业为岘港省带来经济利益的 同时，亦增加了自然资源的开发 压力，因此制定并严格遵循一套 最佳的国际环保措施势在必行。 可用于开发的空间充足 对山茶半岛的地形和生态分析表 明，该区域有适于开发的土地。 不过，该区域面积远远小于当前 规划面积。这一点加强了预先进 行总体规划工作的价值。

Creating Value Ecologically All Da Nang looks onto the green mountains of the Son Tra Peninsula, a precious natural asset threatened by uncontrolled development. If environmentally protected and managed correctly, Son Tra could provide generations of eco-tourism employment for Da Nang Province. A New Way of Thinking The SOM strategic plan is a new way of thinking for Vietnam that secures Son Tra’s long-term economic value and its importance to the healthy growth of Da Nang. To preserve this landscape resource, it is imperative to guide future development and consider the full value of Son Tra’s ecological assets. A Set of Strategies The project presents strategies to serve the people of Da Nang in form­ ulating detailed controls and regulations for the development of Son Tra. There is a significant amount of planned future development on the peninsula without a long-term view of its overall environmental impact. As economic interest in tourism in the wider Province of Da Nang and beyond drives development pressures toward this natural resource, a bold set of best international environmental practices should be established and followed. Plenty of Space for Development An analysis of the island’s topography and ecology revealed that there is land suited for development. This area is dramatically less than what is currently proposed, reinforcing the value of the proactive and holistic planning efforts.

Som City Design Practice II

Concentrate developments in valleys

Forbid development on prominent hilltops

集中在山谷开发

禁止在山顶开发

171

A 3-D Strategic Plan, National Park Status, and Capturing Eco-Tourism

Principles A New National Park 原则 一个崭新的国家公园

全方位战略规划，塑造国家公园 并提倡生态旅游

The quality of its natural landscape merits National Park status for Son Tra Peninsula. Development within the designated “National Park” zone could be permitted but would need to follow strict guidance. With the designation of a national park, eco-tourism can thrive on land and in the water. Main roads should be supplemented by an extensive new path system catering to walking, hiking and cycling. This series of trails could criss-cross the peninsula and provide pedestrian access to remote places such as promontories, ridgelines and key points of interest. 山茶半岛的自然景观质量奠定了其国家公园的地位。该区域允许在指定为 “国家公园”的用地上进行开发，但是这些开发项目必须遵循极其严格的指 导原则。 随着该地区被指定为国家公园，以陆地和水体为主题的生态旅游将日趋兴 旺。设计通过增设大量适于步行、远足和骑车的新路线体系来补充主要道 路 。这一系列小径在半岛上纵横交织，连接行人到达远处的岬角、谷底和 其它热门景点。

da nang bay

岘港湾

son tra

山茶

Limit Development to Specific Areas 将开发限制在特定区域

Ensure Natural Landscapes are Repaired and Protected

确保修复和保护自然景观

Preserve Native Coastal Landscape

保护滨海原生景观

Minimize Impact of Vehicles

将机动车的影响最小化

Design for Eco-Tourism

Da Nang

岘港

设计生态旅游

Develop a New Public Rail System

Minimize the Impact of Vehicles

Preserve the Native Coastal Landscape

最大限度地降低车辆影响

保护滨海原生景观

Ensure Nature is Dominant

Conceal Development Within Nature

确保以自然为主导

将开发项目隐藏在自然景观中

创建新公共轨道交通系统

Som City Design Practice II

Son Tra peninsula, da nang, vietnam

173

Enhancing City Livability 提升城市的宜居性

™

Roosevelt Island, New york city, usa

美国纽约罗斯福岛

Chicago, usa

美国芝加哥

Som City Design Practice II

Challenges Enhancing City Livability 挑战 提升城市的宜居性

Reflecting Economic Change 响应经济的变化

Re-Inventing a City’s Infrastructure

重塑城市基础设施

Encouraging Emerging Industries

鼓励新兴产业

Attracting New Talent 吸引新的人才

Competing in the Global Economy

参与全球经济竞争

Building Tourism

发展旅游业

Som City Design Practice II

Chicago, Illinois, USA The Tourism City 伊利诺伊州芝加哥市 旅游城市

未被发现的旅游胜地 芝加哥历来是美国的顶级商务差  旅城市，但还不是全球排名前   50  名的旅游胜地之一。作为美 国的三个“国际都市”之一，芝  加哥每年的国际游客量仅为120   万人，位列美国城市第十，其中 海外访客仅占 4 .3%  。 SOM  承 担了公共领导的角色，构思发展  策略，力图在 2020 年将到访芝  加哥的美国国内游客从每年 4000万名增加至6000万名。 全球旅游胜地 芝加哥在其所在区域已成为一个 顶级旅游胜地。无论是在购物、 展览还是举办各类节假日活动等 方面，周边其他城市都无法与之 媲美。那些具有吸引力的要素将 很多游客在周末带到芝加哥市中 心，极大地促进了当地经济的发 展。芝加哥市中心的闻名世界的 建筑、公共艺术及 SOM 精心打 造的千禧年公园对  26  英里长的 湖畔公园和湖滩也起到了辐射带 动作用。

Undiscovered Tourist Destination Historically America’s top business-travel city, Chicago is not even in the top 50 world tourist destinations. As one of the country’s three “global cities” Chicago only attracts 1.2 million international tourists annually—in 10th place among American cities with only 4.3 percent of overseas visitors. SOM took a civic leadership role in creating strategies to increase domestic tourism from 40 million to 60 million visitors by 2020. A Global Destination Chicago is already a top destination for its region, with unmatched shopping, museums and festivals. These attractions bring weekend visitors to downtown Chicago with great impacts on the local economy. Chicago’s 26 miles of lakefront parks and beaches radiate from downtown, a world-renowned center of architecture, public art and SOMmaster planned Millennium Park. Neighborhood Experiences Chicago is known for distinct neighborhoods that offer a unique city experience, yet many of these are difficult for tourists to find. Several lively commercial areas, where the city’s residents shop, dine, and enjoy themselves, are easily within a 10-minute cab ride of the downtown. These destinations make for uniquely memorable travel experiences and could extend a traveler’s stay by an additional day. River Experience Chicago residents and visitors are drawn to the riverfront more and more in recent years. Ongoing improvements, including a continuous riverwalk, increased water taxis, dining and public park locations along the river continue to strengthen it as a tourist destination. The re-invented river experience adds a new layer to the downtown experience

社区体验 芝加哥因其特色鲜明的社区而闻 名，给人独特的城市体验。但是 很多这样的社区是很难让游客发 现的。多处充满活力的商业区， 即市民购物、就餐及娱乐的地方 位于市中心  10  分钟乘车距离范 围内。这些地方为游客带来了独 特且难忘的旅游体验，并可能吸 引他们多逗留一日。 河畔体验 近年来，越来越多的芝加哥居民 和游客被河畔风景所吸引。正在 进行的改进项目，包括设置连续 河畔步道，增设水上出租车，沿 河设置餐厅和公园将其塑造成一 个旅游景点。经重新塑造的河畔 区域为市中心增添了一道新的风 景线。 挑战 非世界前 50  名的旅游城市之一 国际游客接待量位列美国城市 第十位 未被发现的特色旅游资源 到 2020  年游客量大幅增加

Challenges Not an international Top-50 City tourist destination Tenth-ranked U.S. city for international visitors Unique tourism assets not well known Dramatically increase visitors by 2020 Som City Design Practice II

179

Public Art Experiences

Principles The Tourism City

体验公共艺术

原则 旅游城市

Chicago is a city of design. Its art and architecture scene extends far beyond its museums and the theatre district and into its parks, its lakefront, its river, and its public squares. Iconic buildings and public art define the skyline and the street experience, and bold architecture makes for unique and memorable city experiences. 芝加哥是著名的设计之城。其艺术氛围已从博物馆和剧院区拓展至广场和公 园中。标志性的建筑和伟大的公共艺术共同勾勒出了城市的天际线和街道， 大胆创新的建筑为人们带来了独特且令人难忘的步行体验。

Chicago loop

Lake Michigan

芝加哥卢普区

密歇根湖

The Authentic Chicago Experience 体验地道的芝加哥

The City of Design 设计之城

A Walkable and Connected Downtown

一个适宜步行且互相联系的市中心

The Chicago River Experience 体验芝加哥河

The 26-Mile Lakefront Park System 26英里长的滨湖公园系统 Full Spectrum Public Art and Culture Experiences 全方位公共艺术与文化体验

Exploring the Neighborhoods

探索社区

Communicating the City’s Assets Globally

城市资产的全球交流 near south side

南区

Som City Design Practice II

Chicago, Illinois

181

Cornell NYC Tech Roosevelt Island, NY, USA The Urban Campus

纽约市罗斯福岛康奈尔纽约科技园 城市科技园

设计竞争力 为了提升作为尖端应用科学和工  程发展中心的经济竞争力，纽约  市计划把位于皇后区和曼哈顿之  间的东河上的罗斯福岛上的 12.4  英亩土地打造成康奈尔纽约科技  园。

SOM  为这个狭窄的河道地块提  供了为期 25  年的发展策略，定  义了灵活的结构和设计原则，用 以指导建设 2 百万平方英尺的学 院、研究、产业和会议设施。 创新之区 竣工后，这片由纽约市捐赠给康 奈尔大学和以色列理工大学的土 地将成为容纳 2500 名硕士和博 士、 500  名教职工、1000  套 居住单元、酒店和高层管理人员 培训中心的创业园区，并为科技 公司和相关企业提供 50  万平方 英尺的可租用办公空间。

Designing Competitiveness The City of New York wanted to improve its economic competitiveness as a leading center for the development of advanced applied sciences and engineering. It has designated a 12.4-acre site on Roosevelt Island in the East River between Queens and Manhattan as Cornell NYC Tech. SOM’s 25-year strategy for the narrow river-island site defines a flexible project framework and sets principles for a 2 million square foot technology and enterprise campus of academic, research, industry and conference facilities on a former hospital site. Innovation District When completed, the land donated by New York City to Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology will be an innovation enterprise campus for 2,500 master’s and doctoral degree students, 500 faculty, 1,000 housing units, a hotel and executive education center, as well as 500,000 square feet of space for leasing to tech companies and related business.

在 SOM  规划的康奈尔纽约科 技园中，首个建筑将是一个 5 层的、建筑面积为 14000平 方米学术中心。它由汤姆·梅 恩 ( Thom Mayne ) 的摩弗西 斯建筑事务所 ( Morphosis Architects ) 设 计，项目采用 太阳能电池板及地热井供能， 以 LEED  铂金认证为目标。它 将成为美国东部地区最大的零 能耗建筑。 挑战 在罗斯福岛末端创造重要目的地 确定重要空间 塑造穿过园区的河畔通道 克服交通难题 最大化城市与河流的景观视野

The SOM master plan calls for the first Cornell NYC Tech building to be 5-story, 14,000-square-meter academic center. Designed by Thom Mayne's Morphosis Architects, the facility will be largest net-zero building in the eastern United States, powered by solar panels, geothermal wells, and aiming for LEED Platinum rating. Challenges Creating a critical destination at the end of Roosevelt Island Defining a significant place Creating waterfront access throughout the campus Overcoming access challenges Maximizing views of the river and the city

Som City Design Practice II

183

Principles The Urban Campus

Campus Framework for Growth Academic and enterprise research facilities are clustered along the central pedestrian street of the campus. Housing and public uses are located along the river's edge to take advantage of the campus' unique siting and offer expansive views to Manhattan and Queens.

原则 城市科技园 Bronx

布朗克斯

A Livable and Sustainable Campus Building orientations, response to wind and sun patterns, and design allow the campus to promote a healthy, comfortable and energy-efficient environment. 面向增长的园区框架 学术机构和企业研发机构集中沿园区的中央步行道设置。住宅和公共设施沿 着河岸和河畔步道设置以充分利用场地区位优势，并获得面向曼哈顿及皇后 区的最佳视野。 一个绿色的可持续发展园区 根据风向和日照进行建筑朝向的设置和设计，从而确保提供一个健康 、舒适 的节能环境。

A Campus that Connects River to River 一个与河流相连的园区

A Pedestrian Place

一个步行空间

A Green Necklace of Open Spaces

Manhattan

曼哈顿

Roosevelt Island

罗斯福岛

一个由开放空间组成的绿色项链

A Net-Zero Academic Building

Queens

皇后区

零能耗学术建筑

Brooklyn

布鲁克林

Som City Design Practice II

cornell nyc tech, roosevelt island, nyc

185

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM) has originated innovations in design excellence for more than 75 years, and is recognized by its peers and its clients as an industry leader across the world. Its distinctive, holistic approach is all-inclusive: considering all scales and engaging every discipline within its profession to solve complex design problems facing our cities worldwide. SOM designs buildings from the inside out as well as the public open spaces between them. The work ranges dramatically in scale from the individual building to the planning of entire cities and countries. SOM Commitment We have established an integrated global practice that is focused on creative thinking and problem solving. We prefer to address problems and issues facing the future of existing cities. Our studios design, communicate, collaborate and build solutions. We assist public sector clients, communities and private sector development groups in some of the world’s most challenging urban problems. Som City Design Practice II

在过去的超过 75  年的时间中，Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP   (SOM)  锐意创新，取得了非凡的设计成就，被世界各地的同行和客户誉为 行业领导者。 SOM  采用特色鲜明、综合全面的设计手法，涵盖各种规模的项目，各 专业分工明确，共同解决世界各地的城市所面临的难题。 SOM  以由内向外 的方式设计建筑，同时也悉心设计建筑之间的开放空间。小到单体建筑，大 到到整个城市和国家， SOM  出色地完成了各种规模的项目的规划设计。

SOM  的承诺

我们已创建了一个整合的全球设计实践团队，专注于创造性地思考、并 解决问题。我们倾向于处理现有城市将在未来所面临的问题与议题。 我们的工作团队开展设计、沟通、协作并创造解决方案。我们协助政府 部门、社区和私人开发商解决世界上最具挑战性的城市问题。

187

SOM Expertise

SOM Projects Our firm has successfully completed a number of the world’s most significant city-building projects, including: the planning, design and building of Canary Wharf, China’s World Trade Center, Dubai’s Burj Khalifa, Beijing’s Finance Street, Denver’s transit systems and Chicago’s Millennium Park. SOM  的项目

我们公司成功地完成了许多世界上最重要的城市建设项目，包括金丝雀码头 的规划与建筑设计，北京国贸中心、迪拜哈利法塔、北京金融街、丹佛公交 枢纽系统以及芝加哥千禧公园等。

Tokyo Midtown

Canary Wharf

Millennium Park

China World Trade Center

Burj Khalifa

Beijing Finance Street

东京中城

金丝雀码头

千禧公园

中国国际贸易中心

哈利法塔

北京金融街

Som City Design Practice II

189

SOM Areas of Expertise The world’s urban challenges are now too complex for any one discipline. SOM utilizes its combined strengths in community workshops and public outreach, architecture, planning, engineering, and interior design to address these critical challenges.



SOM Culture The culture of the SOM practice, of looking at every project as a unique new challenge, has consistently led to breakthroughs that reset industry standards. The practice has pioneered digital design, super-tall structural engineering and environmentally adapted architecture across a dozen project types.

建行业标准。公司在数十类项目的数字化设计、超高层结构工程和环保建筑 方面处于前沿地位。

SOM  的专业领域

目前世界上的城市设计问题复杂且涉及面广，仅靠一个专业无法完成。 SOM  通过社区互动与公众交流，并以建筑、规划、工程设计和室内设计等 专业的优势人才应对挑战。



SOM  的文化 SOM  公司的文化将每一个项目视为新的挑战，一直以来不断突破并重

SOM  的团队

在预算范围内，实现客户的最高目标需要 SOM 的设计团队对项目背景 的深入了解。SOM  团队团结协作，共同创造既美观又实用的设计。

SOM Community Achieving a client’s highest aspirations within budget requires an immense understanding of the project’s context by SOM’s design teams, who are united in creating results that are as beautiful to experience as they are functionally ideal. Som City Design Practice II

191

SOM is an innovative problem solver that can take the most complex urban problems and realize solutions through our integrated multidisciplinary approach. SOM  提供创新型解决方案，

能够采用多学科综合设计方  法应对最复杂的城市问题。

Som City Design Practice II