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A STUDY OF WAR

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS

-,

CHICAGO

THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY, NEW YORK; THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, LONDON; THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA, TOKYO, OSAKA, KYOTO, FUKUOKA, SENDAIJ THE COMMERCIAL PRESS, LIMITED, SHANGHAI

A

STUDY

OF WAR VOLUME

II

by

QUINCY WRIGHT Professor of International

The

The

Law

University of Chicago

University of Chicago Press

Chicago

-

Illinois

COPYRIGHT

BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ALL" RIGHTS PUBLISHED 1942. COMPOSED AND PRINTED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO P.RESS, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. RESERVED.

1942

.

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME

II

..............

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

xv

LIST OF TABLES

PART

THE ANALYSIS OF WAR METHOD OF ANALYSIS

HI.

A, CHAPTICR

XVI. SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND THE STUDY OF

1.

2.

....

OF

WAR

Military Activity a) Battle

687

d)

Race

690

c)

Military Activity Tension Level

691

691

Symbolic Attack Threats of Violence

692

c)

Discrimination

693

d)

Disapproval

Relations

War, Imperial War, and International War Insurrection, Colonial Revolt, and Aggression Mob Violence, Native Unrest, and Intervention

a) Civil ft)

c)

.

Intense Political Integration

5.

A

Definition of

THE SOCIAL

War

DISCIPLINES AND

WAR

History

ft)

Geography

c)

Biology

692

693

694 694 695

.

695

.

696

....... ......

Disciplines Related to Social Science a)

.

........ ...........

4.

............. ............ ............. ............ ........... ............ ............. .........

697

698 701 701

701

702

702

Psychology Pure Social Sciences

703

a)

Anthropology

704

ft)

Sociology

705

c)

Philosophy and Ethics

d) 2.

685

685 688.

a)

1.

685

ft)

ft)

XVIII.

68 1

c)

a)

3.

WAR

........... ........... .............. Campaign ............. War .............. Armament ........... Normal ........ ........... High ........... .......... ........... ............ Normal .......... Abnormal Law ............

XVIL THE MEANING

704

705

vi

AIxTAL^TIGAL.

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME

II

"

PAGE

CHAPTER

c)

Jurisprudence Military Science

76 76 77 77

d)

Diplomacy

7 8

3. Practical Social Disciplines

a) 6)

4.

5.

Theology and Religion

a)

Economics

78 78

6)

Political Science

7*i

Applied Social Sciences

Emerging

Social Disciplines

7*3 7*3

a) Statistics b)

7*4

Population

7*4

Technology d) Social Psychology c)

e)

7*4

International Relations

XIX. ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF 1.

b) c)

d) e)

/)

B.

WAR

717

Causes of Six Major Wars a)

2.

714

720

Moslem Conquests The Crusades The Hundred Years' War The Thirty Years' War The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars World War I

721

722 722

723 .

Opinions on the Causes of War a) Scientific Causes of War

War War

&)

Historical Causes of

c}

Practical Causes of

724 725

727^ 731

734

735^

.

GOVERNMENTS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER

XX. THE BALANCE OF POWER of the

743

Balance of Power

1.

Meaning

2.

3.

Conditions Affecting the Stability of the Balance Balance-of -Power Policies

4.

Why

Balances of Power

Have

XXI. FOREIGN POLICY AND ARMAMENT 1.

2.

Territorial

Changes Alliances and Guaranties a) Alliances

Collapsed

743>; .

.

752 7561)

760 767

770 773

773

b)

Guaranties

c)

Regional Arrangements

776

d)

Collective Security

780

773

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME

II

CHAPTER

vii

PAGE 3.

Neutrality

4.

783

b)

Policy of Neutrality Guaranteed Neutralization

c)

Status of Neutrality

786

d)

Collective Neutrality

789

a)

783

785

Armament and Disarmament a) The Influence of Military Invention

792

792 "

Political Aspects of

Armament-building Holidays

797 801

d)

Quantitative Disarmament

801

e)

Qualitative Disarmament

/) g) 5.

Disarmament

b) c)

Rules of

,

War

Moral Disarmament

.

.

805 810

Dominance

815

/;)

Stable Equilibrium

c)

Unstable Equilibrium

815 816

d)

International Organization

817

WAR

and Society

Government,

Constitutions and Foreign Policy

6.

.

a)

2.

5.

.

814

1.

4.

.

813

Ideas behind Foreign Policy

XXII. CONDITIONS OP GOVERNMENT AND

3.

.

The Social a) Age

State,

Constitution and

819 819

War

824 828 828 828

/;)

Cultural Composition

c)

Economy

d)

Progressiveness

831