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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One

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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One

Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………10 Important notice for your Safety…………………………………………………………………..11

Part 1 Tools and Testing Equipments Types and Functions Repair Tools to Troubleshoot Laptop……………………………………………………………13 Cleaning Tools…………………………………………………………………………………………………14 Screwdrivers Tools……………………………………………………………………………………………14 Soldering Tools…………………………………………………………………………………………………15 Bios I/O KBC Programmers………………………………………………………………………….……18 ESD Safe Tools……………………………………………………………………………………………….…19 Inspection Tools…………………………………………………………………………………………….…20 Electronic Measuring Tools……………………………………………………………………………….21 Laptop Battery Tester……………………………………………………………………………………….22 Gripping Tools………………………………………………………………………………………………..…23 Other Tools…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…23

Part 2 Laptop Parts Tour Basic Laptop Hardware Tour…………………………………………………………………………..…26 Laptop Case………………………………………………………………………………………………………26 Motherboard………………………………………………………………………………………………….…27 RAM Memory Cover Door…………………………………………………………………………………27 DVD/CD-RW Driver……………………………………………………………………………………………28 Battery………………………………………………………………………………………………………………29 Power Adapter……………………………………………………………………………………………….…30 KeyBoard…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..31 Laptop Memory…………………………………………………………………………………………………31 Hard Driver……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…34 Touchpad/Trackpad…………………………………………………………………………………………..36

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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One Mouse Buttons………………………………………………………………………………………………….37 Laptop Screen……………………………………………………………………………………………………37 Screen Inverter…………………………………………………………………………………………….……39 Screen Cable………………………………………………………………………………………………..……39 Web Camera……………………………………………………………………………………………..………40 CPU Fan……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……40 CMOS Battery……………………………………………………………………………………………………41 CPU Central Processing Unit………………………………………………………………..……………42 LID Close Switch………………………………………………………………………………………..………42 Front Bezel……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…43 Cover-Lid with Wi-Fi Antenna……………………………………………………………………………43 Wi-Fi Cards……………………………………………………………………………………………….……….44 Hinges Rails…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…44 Hinge Covers……………………………………………………………………………………………………..45 SD Card Reader…………………………………………………………………………………………….……45 Power Button Board………………………………………………………………………………………….46 Other Hardware Parts……………………………………………………………….………………………46 Motherboard Overview…………………………………………………………………………………….47

Top 10 Youtube Channels Tech Laptop Disassembly…………………………………50

Part 3 Basic Electronics What is Electricity? …………………………………………………………………………..………………52 What is an Electron? ………………………………………………………………………………………..52 Voltage Pushes Electrons………………………………………………………………………………….54 Current Flows……………………………………………………………………………………………………54 Resisstance Reduces Current…………………………………………………………………………….55 Types of Current……………………………………………………………………………………………….55 How do we Measure Electricity? ………………………………………………………………………57 Effective Resisstance…………………………………………………………………………………………59 Binary Number system………………………………………………………………………………………62 Bits and Bytes……………………………………………………………………………………………………63 Logical………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……64 Logic Gates……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…65 AND Gates Check for Tow True Input…………………………………………………………………66 OR Gates Check for One True Input……………………………………………………………………66

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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One Not Gates Flip Inputs…………………………………………………………………………………………67 A Bigger AND Gates……………………………………………………………………………………..……67

Part 4 Electronics Components The Main Electronic Components in Laptop Motherboard……………………………………..70 Capacitor……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……71 Capacitors Testing…………………………………………………………………………………………..…81 Resistor…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…84 Resistor Testing…………………………………………………………………………………………………89 Inductor – Coil…………………………………………………………………………………………………..96 Inductor Testing……………………………………………………………………………………………..…98 Fuse………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…99 Fuse Testing………………………………………………………………………………………………………100 Diode………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..101 Diode Testing…………………………………………………………………………………………..……….104 Zener Diode………………………………………………………………………………………………………105 Testing Zener Diode……………………………………………………………………………………….…106 Transformer………………………………………………………………………………………………….....107 Crystal Oscillator…………………………………………………………………………………………….…108 Transistor………………………………………………………………………………………………………….110 Intergrated Circuit (IC) …………………………………………………………………………………..…126 The most important integrated circuits are in Laptop Mainboard…………..…………128 EEPROM……………………………………………………………………………………………………………129 Super I/O…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..133 Clock Generator…………………………………………………………………………………………………134 Voltage Regulator………………………………………………………………………………………………135 PWM Controller…………………………………………………………………………………………………138 Microprocessor……………………………………………………………………………………………….…140

Part 5 Identifying of Common Components of the Laptop Motherboard Capacitors (C) …………………………………………………………………………………………………..142 Inductor – Coil (L) ……………………………………………………………………………………………..144 Fuse (F) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….146 Diode (D) ………………………………………………………………………………………………….………147

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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One Zener Diode (ZD or PD) …………………………………………………………………………………….147 LED……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………148 Crystal (X or Y) ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…148 Resistors (R) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..149 Mosfet (Q) ………………………………………………………………………………………………..……..150 Transistor (Q) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………151 Bios IC……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….151 FAN Connector………………………………………………………………………………………………….151 Bios…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..152

Part6 Documents Related to the Laptop Motherboard User Manual…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…154 Service Manual……………………………………………………………………………………………….…154 Schematic Diagram……………………………………………………………………………………………155 Block diagram……………………………………………………………………………………………………155 Datasheet……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…156

Part 7 How to Read Datasheet How to Read DataSheet? ………………………………………………………………………………….158 Pin Configuration……………………………………………………………………………………………...159

Part 8 Motherboard Part Numbers What is laptop ODM? ……………………………………………………………………………………….162 How to get the schematic diagram? ………………………………………………………………….163

Part 9 How to Read Laptop Schematic? What’s the schematic diagram? …………………………………………………………………….…167 Important Part Schematic Diagram……………………………………………………………………167 Understanding Basic of Schematic…………………………………………………………………….170 4-1 Schematic Path and Connection Between Circuits………………………………..…….171

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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One 4-2 Information…………………………………………………………………………………………………175 4-3 Finding signs………………………………………………………………………………..…….……….177 4-4 Related Search………………………………………………………………………………………......178 4-5 How to deal with schematics that don't have the power sequence……………..183

Part 10 Signal Explanation of common signal names……………………………………………………………….188 Signals……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….188 The Power good signal………………………………………………………………………………..….…188 The open signal…………………………………………………………………………………………………190 Reset Signal……………………………………………………………………………………………………….191 +5VALW +3VALW signal………………………………………………………………………….…………192 PWR_S5_EN………………………………………………………………………………………………………192 Clock signal……………………………………………………………………………….………………………194 Chip Select Signal………………………………………………………………………………………………194

Part 11 The Architecture of the Laptop Motherboard Power supply and signal……………………………………………………………………………………197 The AMD single bridge architecture (A70) ……………………………………………………..…198 The Nvidia architecture double bridge (C51M) …………………………………………………199 High-level and low-level signals…………………………………………………………………………201 The architecture of Nvidia single bridge (MCP67) ……………………………………………..204

Part 12 The Basic Knowledge You Must Know Before Starting to Repair Laptop What is a short circuit? …………………………………………………………………………………….214 Finding a short……………………………………………………………………………………………….…215 What is a voltage divider? …………………………………………………………………………..……216 What are System Power STATES? …………………………………………………………………….218 What is a DC to DC boost circuit? ………………………………………………………………..…..219 What is a feedback?………………………………………………………………………………………….220 Diagnostic method for laptop power supply circuit failure………………………………..221 Laptop motherboard power supply…………………………………………………………………..222 Protection isolation circuit………………………………………………………………………………..222 Charging control circuit…………………………………………………………………………………….223

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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One

standby circuit…………………………………………………………………………………………..………227 Analysis Linear Regulated Power Supply Type Standby Circuit…………………………..228 Switching power supply type standby circuit…………………………………………………....229 CPU circuit…………………………………………………………….........................................……233 CPU core power supply circuit………………………………………………………………….…….…236 Memory circuit………………………………………………………………………………………………….238

Part 13 Dictionary for Technicians Name Components Code table………………………………………………………………………….238 The motherboard common signal definition………………………….………………………….238 SIO pin description……………………………………………………….…………………………………..238 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………….………….238

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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One

FAN - Heat Sink

CMOS battery The CMOS battery connects directly to the laptop motherboard and helps to retain important BIOS settings such as system time, date, BIOS configuration while the laptop is turned off or even when the main battery is removed, the CMOS battery is rechargeable and it’s getting charged when the laptop is plugged into the mains.

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North bridge chip AMD CPU

VGA Chip

RAM Slots VGA Memory Chip Memory Chip

CMOS Battery

South bridge chip

VGA Memory Chip Memory Chip

RAM Slots

VGA Chip CPU Socket

Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One

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Power (P)

Voltage (V)

The total work performed by a current

Electrical force or pressure

Current (I)

Resistance (R)

The number of electrons passing in a single point

Resistance to the flow of current

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We can also make a 4-input AND gate from three 2-input AND gates, like this:

4-input AND gate

A B Q C D

Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One 4- Using Digital Multimeter

Using the Continuity test or the Buzzer mode

Testing SMD Ceramic Capacitor

1) Put the two ends of the measurement on the ceramic capacitor. 2) Shows value without sound of a buzzer so ceramic capacitor is Good.

1) Sound of a buzzer with 0 value so capacitor is damage (short circuit)

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Resistor Testing 1- Visual inspection: Checks for missing or any burning on resistance.

Example of Burnt resistances

2- Using Digital Multimeter: You can check the resistor resistance by selecting the ohm range in the digital multimeter, If the resistor is in circuit, you will generally have to remove the resistor so you are testing only the resistor value and not the other components in the circuit.

Set the dial to resistance mode

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SMD diode use a line to mark which pin is the cathode

Diode use a grey ring to mark which pin is the cathode

Diode symbolized on mainboard and circuit diagramwith the letter D Diodes symbols on schematic diagram

Zener Diode

Schottky Diode

Silicon Diode

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Important Note: Transistors come in a variety of case styles. The pin-out for the emitter, base, and collector is not the same from device to device. Likewise, it’s impossible to determine if a transistor is a PNP or NPN type by it’s shape or case design. Everything can be determined using the transistors part number. To get the right pin-out, you will have to refer to a datasheet and look up the device using the part number. Another trick for common, low-power transistors, is to connect the ohmmeter to the collector and emitter, leaving the base hanging open. Apply polarity so the collector will be reverse biased (positive for NPN, negative for PNP.) Now wet a finger and thumb. Hold the base and collector leads in this finger/thumb clamp (don't let them touch). This injects some current into the base. If the ohmmeter resistance reading decreases, the transistor is working. By holding the base and emitter leads between thumb and finger, the resistance should go Up. These simple tests often tell if you have a PNP or NPN transistor, and if it is good or bad. If you have access to a transistor’s data sheet, then you already know a lot about the transistor. You know whether it is NPN or PNP and which lead is the emitter, the base, and the collector, However, the transistor's data sheet will show you that.

The first page is usually a summary of the part's function and features.

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Input voltage VIN is the IC power supply input voltage

Output voltage used to power chip on DDR memory, this voltage equal VDDQSNS/2 Voltage regulator G2997 Pin Description

Pin 10 is (VIN) voltage input of IC for work, powered by 5V PIN 1 is (VDDQSNS) input voltage, equal value of DRR3 RAM (1.5V) PIN 3 is (VTT) This pin is used to the voltage regulator output. VTT value It will be equal VDDQSNS/2, here we have 1.5/2 = 0.75v, its responsible for supply chips located on RAM.

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Resistors (R):

A Resistor

A Resistor Network

A fuse resistor

Resistor value Resistor Symbol

NTC thermistors Symbol

Location Marking

Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC thermistors) are resistors with a negative temperature coefficient, which means that the resistance decreases with increasing temperature. They are primarily used as resistive temperature sensors and current-limiting devices.

Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One Sony

SONY MBX-123

Asus

Wistron

ASUS EEEPC P701

Wistron JE40 HR – 48IQ01.031

Quanta is probably the biggest laptop manufacturer, followed by Compal and Pegatron. Compal and Pegatron probably have the best quality overall. Information about the manufacturer and motherboard model laptop very important to us. you might need to know model number motherboard’s model for a number of reasons as stated below: 1- Looking for motherboard BIOS file or the need to update the BIOS of motherboard 2- Looking for a motherboard schematic. 3- Need to update the drivers of hardware as audio drivers.

How to get the schematic diagram? The easiest way to look for the schematic diagram in the internet is by using the laptop reference, for example: Acer Aspire 1300, Hp pavilion DV5-1000us etc. In case you don't find the schematic using the laptop reference you can use the ODM. To look for the motherboard schematic using the ODM method look for a reference printed in the motherboard and use it to search for the schematic, below is an example of those references for ODMs:

Find the motherboard model number This is usually printed on the motherboard, but can be located in several possible locations; for example, it may be printed near the RAM slots, near the CPU socket, or between the PCI slots. There will be a lot of writing on the motherboard, but the model number is usually written in the largest text (Motherboard model numbers are typically a collection of numbers and letters).

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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One Below is another example of the change of names of the signals (or voltages) after passing through certain component.

This is important for when we are reviewing the schematic and need to know where certain voltage is generated. That is, when we have a missing voltage on the motherboard and we need to find the source of this tension in the diagram. Another important detail are the symbols shown next to the component references.

The image above, we see that the capacitor C357 has the @ symbol (At) next to your reference. This indicates that the capacitor is optional and will depend on the card manufacturer if this component will be mounted on the board or not. We can find some variants of this symbol as an asterisk (*), registration OPTION and others. The important thing is to always keep in mind that if any component has a symbol next to their reference in the schematic, it is optional and cannot exist on the motherboard. See an example of another schematic:

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As mentioned above, sometimes the SIO sends a signal to the operation of the sources of 3.3 and 5V. This circuit is on page 44 of our schematic. Being in this schematic page and searching for the number 38, we see that two signals have direct communication with the SIO.

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The common abbreviations of PG signal are among others:

PD VTTPWRGD

PWRGDx CPUPWRGD

POKx POK

PWRG SPOK

Example: After RT8205 gets all the needed voltages, then it will send SPOK like you see on the next picture.

Some common Wistron signal names used around the charger chip MAX8725. AD+: the first voltage that the adapter converts. DCBATOUT: common point of the 19V. ACOK: the adapter detection output for charging chip. DCIN: power supply input for charging chip. ACIN: adapter detection input for charging chip. Check next picture.

Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One Chip select signal is common in BIOS chip, noted as CS#, and "#" means that it is active when it is low. It's sent by CPU from the North Bridge to the South Bridge & finally to the BIOS. It exists or not, which can initially judge whether the North & South Bridge and CPU work, and whether BIOS information is destroyed/corrupted. SPI BIOS pin shown in next image, CS# is the BIOS chip select signal.

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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One The GND or the ground is used to close the circuit power loop. Because without GND no current will flow through the device in question. The symbols used for the ground are VSS or GND.

The North bridge and South Bridge are connected by the so-called Hub-Link that later is named to DMI (Direct Media Interface). The speed of this connection is very fast. The South bridge controls mainly the next devices: 1- USB devices like camera, blue tooth and card readers etc. 2- Audio card. Modem and audio are on the same line 3- SATA: Hard disk and CD-ROM/DVD-ROM 4- IDE: early hard disk and CD-ROM/DVD-ROM 5- PCI-E device: Network card and card reader, expansion card, mini PCI-E slot etc. 6- EC which is connected by LPC (low pin count got his name because it is one of the busses that has small number pin-out).

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Finding a short: Here we have four capacitors on this line. The line works great!

Until one day, water is spilled and a capacitor explodes. PC51 is now sending all the voltage to ground!

Measure each capacitor, right? - Many will turn their multimeter to capacitance or resistance mode and measure PC51 is the bad capacitor. Let’s assume PC55, PC54 and PC50 are working in perfect condition. - We take the multimeter and place black probe on pin 1 of PC55 and red probe each capacitor. This will not work! Can you guess why? - be on pin 2 of PC55.

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Diagnostic method for laptop power supply circuit failure The motherboard power supply circuit of the laptop computer is an indispensable part of the laptop computer and its problems usually lead to various failure phenomena such as failure to boot, automatic restart, and crash etc. To learn the diagnosis and elimination of the fault of the power supply circuit of the laptop motherboard: firstly, the basic working principle should be mastered. Secondly, the common fault phenomena caused by the problem of the power supply circuit of the motherboard should be understood. Finally, the maintenance experience of the power supply circuit of the motherboard should be continuously summarized and learned. method. 1- Laptop motherboard power supply circuit basics There are two ways to supply power to the laptop motherboard. One is the dedicated rechargeable battery for laptop computers and the other is to convert 220V mains to 19,5 or 20 volts. Powered by the power adapter. The laptop's dedicated rechargeable battery typically provides a lower supply voltage than the power adapter's input supply voltage. Whether it is a dedicated rechargeable battery or a power adapter for a laptop computer, the power input to the laptop's motherboard cannot be directly used by all chips, circuits, and hardware devices. This is because the functional modules and hardware devices on the laptop motherboard. The current and voltage requirements are different and must be converted after the corresponding power supply. Therefore, various power conversion circuits on the laptop motherboard have become an indispensable part of the laptop computer. At the same time, after the problem occurs in the power supply circuit of the laptop computer, it will lead to various failure phenomena such as failure to boot, automatic restart, and crash. To learn the diagnosis and troubleshooting methods for the power supply circuit of the laptop motherboard, you must first master the working principle and common fault phenomena, so that the fault analysis can be reasonable and the troubleshooting can be quickly and accurately performed during the maintenance of the notebook computer.

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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One As shown in Figure 7a, the +CPU CORE supply powers the core of the CPU, which is typically provided by a CPU power supply circuit located near the CPU socket of the motherboard. As shown in Figure 7b, the +GFX CORE power supply is the power supply for the integrated display core in the CPU. This power supply is also typically provided by an independent switching regulator power supply circuit. As shown in Figure 7. The CPU is connected to the ground circuit. For a CPU with high power consumption, a large number of grounding wires can effectively ensure the safety and stability of the CPU. As can be seen from Figure 7, the CPU needs voltage when it works normally. A variety of power supplies with different currents can ensure that the functional modules integrated in the CPU work stably. The various power supplies required by the CPU are provided by a dedicated switching regulator power supply circuit, and some are converted by other power supply circuits. Several important CPU power supply circuits are specifically described below. 1.5 CPU core power supply circuit The CPU core power supply circuit provides a core power supply circuit for the CPU of the laptop computer, and is a switching power supply circuit, which is usually composed of a power control chip, a field effect transistor, an inductor, a capacitor, and a resistor, and the like, wherein the power control chip It is the core of the circuit, not only has the function of driving and controlling the circuit, but also the functions of detection, monitoring and protection. The power control chip can monitor the voltage and current changes of the output of the power supply circuit through the circuit connection of the relevant pins, thereby ensuring the stability of the current and voltage supplied to the CPU. When the power supply circuit is abnormal, the power control chip can turn off the circuit output, thereby protecting the entire circuit and the CPU. The power control chip outputs a control signal through the relevant pin to control the on and off of the FET in the circuit, thereby converting the power provided by the upper power supply circuit into the core power supply of the CPU. The difference from the fixed voltage output power supply circuit is that the voltage value of the CPU core power supply is dynamically changed. This requires that the power supply control chip in the CPU core power supply circuit should first understand the power supply voltage required by the CPU, and then drive the power supply.

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Laptop MotherBoard Repair Step One

Recommended training to Learn laptop motherboard Repair The information below will help you learn how to repair your laptop motherboard successfully. Click on photo below to visit the website:

Please visit the Resources Page to get more useful repairing information at: http://eloy-motherboards.blogspot.com/p/newsletter.html

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