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Página Principal ► VILLAVICENCIO ► VILLAV ► 9175 ► Third Term ► pref_5_Grammar 3.5 Comenzado el

miércoles, 17 de mayo de 2017, 18:21

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miércoles, 17 de mayo de 2017, 18:22

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GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Let's take a look at the following video before you start.  

Gerund and In韛�nitive - English grammar tutorial video lesson

1. A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence. Examples: Reading helps you learn English. (subject of sentence) Her favorite hobby is reading. (complement of sentence) I enjoy reading. (object of sentence) Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not." Examples: He enjoys not working. The best thing for your health is not smoking. 2. Inᴤnitives are the "to" form of the verb. The inᴤnitive form of "learn" is "to learn." You can also use an inᴤnitive as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence. Examples: To learn is important. (subject of sentence) The most important thing is to learn. (complement of sentence) He wants to learn. (object of sentence) Inᴤnitives can be made negative by adding "not." Examples: I decided not to go. The most important thing is not to give up. 3. Both gerunds and inᴤnitives can be used as the subject or the complement of a sentence. However, as subjects or complements, gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken English, whereas inᴤnitives sound more abstract. In the following sentences, gerunds sound more natural and would be more common in everyday English. Inᴤnitives emphasize the possibility or potential for something and sound more philosophical. If this sounds confusing, just remember that 90% of the time, you will use a gerund as the subject or complement of a sentence. Examples: Learning is important. normal subject To learn is important. abstract subject - less common The most important thing is learning. normal complement The most important thing is to learn. abstract complement - less common 4. As the object of a sentence, it is more diᵔcult to choose between a gerund or an inᴤnitive. In such situations, gerunds and inᴤnitives are not normally interchangeable. Usually, the main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an inᴤnitive. Examples: He enjoys swimming. "Enjoy" requires a gerund. He wants to swim. "Want" requires an inᴤnitive. 5. Some verbs are followed by gerunds as objects. List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds Examples: She suggested going to a movie.

Mary keeps talking about her problems. 6. Some verbs are followed by inᴤnitives. List of Verbs Followed by Inᴤnitives Examples: She wants to go to a movie. Mary needs to talk about her problems.   It is clear that some verbs take gerunds, some verbs take inᴤnitives, and some verbs take either. The following tables of verbs should help you understand the various options that regulate our choice of inᴤnitive or gerund: Verb + gerund   Emotion care desire hate

hate like loathe

love regret yearn

Choice or Intent agree choose decide decide expect

hope intend need plan prefer

prepare propose refuse want wish

Initiation, Completion, Incompletion begin cease commence fail

get hesitate manage neglect

start try undertake

Mental Process forget know how

learn

remember

Request and Promise demand oᵔer

promise swear

threaten vow

seem

tend

Intransitives appear happen

Miscellaneous aᵔord arrange

claim continue

pretend wait

  Verb + inᴤnitive The verbs in the next table will often be followed by an inᴤnitive, but they will also be accompanied by a second object. We asked the intruders to leave quietly. They taught the children to swim. The teacher convinced his students to try harder. The verbs in blue, with an asterisk, can also follow the same pattern as the verbs in the table above (i.e., the second object is optional). We all wanted to go. They promised to be home early. Communication advise ask* beg* challenge command convince

forbid invite order permit persuade promise*

remind require tell warn urge

Instruction encourage instruct help teach Causing

train

allow cause choose

force get hire

need* would like*

Miscellaneous dare* expect*   For further information, click HERE to wacth a video about gerunds and inᴤnitives.

Now, let's practice: Choose the best option to complete each sentence: 1.  

Reading

 is a great way to relax. I love to sit back and enjoy a good book.

2. Why do you always get  

to be

 ᴤrst? I want to go ᴤrst this time!

3. When you're in Prague, I recommend  

walking

from the Charles Bridge to the castle at night.

4. Susanne just happened  

to be

 in the restaurant when Julia Roberts walked in! Can you believe that?

5. Eye specialists suggest  

taking

 frequent breaks while using the computer for extended periods of time.

6. I thought you knew nothing about cars. Where did you learn   7. My favorite thing is  

floating

to change

 a ᴼat tire?

 on my back in the sea.

8. The Egyptology course requires  

participating

9. The nurse risked  

 the disease from her patient, but she continued to treat him until he had fully recovered.

getting

10. Dad, you promised  

to take

 in six months of ᴤeld studies near Luxor, Egypt.

 us to the beach today. When are we going to go to the beach?