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LIBRARY OF THE

UN!VERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Class

POULTRY ARCHITECTURE A

Practical Guide

for Construction of Poultry Houses^

Coops and Yards

ONE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS

Compiled by

GKORGK

B.

FISKE

New York

O R A X

(1

K

J

U

I)

1)

COMPANY

1907

TY

\ \

Copyright 1QO2 ~by

Orange fudct Company

CONTENTS

Introduction

CHAPTER

I

LOCATION AND METHODS

Foundations and walls Glass in cold weather Troughs Fountains Notes.

CHAPTER

Roosts, etc

II

LOW-COST HOUSES Poultry house of G. R France Convenient house Cheap and labor-saving A handy hennery A house for layers Cheap houses and shelters.

CHAPTER

III

BUILDINGS FOR COLONY

SYSTEM

House

for mild climates H. H. Stoddard's poultry house Northern colony houses Rhode Island colony houses.

CHAPTER HOMES Grundy's prize house houses WyckofFs

FARM

FOR

IV POULTRY

Farmers' poultry houses Portable

house

Removable

coop House for Pacific coast House for south House with cloth run Good winter houses Maine henhouse Interior plans.

j

*i-

( oo

*->

CONTENTS

JV

CHAPTER V BANK AND

A

SOD

STRUCTURES

Kansas sod house A Nebraska plan House bank Windproof structures A house of logs

in

sand

a

Bank

wall

houses.

CHAPTER

VI

HIGH-GRADE PLANTS

Well-made house house

in detail

A

business poultry plant

A

model

Practical poultry home.

CHAPTER ADDITIONS

VII

AND EXTRAS

Using a second storyAdding a scratching pen Shelter and Protected coop Run of sash and straw Cheap lean-to runs.

CHAPTER FOR

A

INCUBATORS

VIII

AND BROODERS

brooder plant Improved incubator house A brooder and growing house Brooder boxes Houses for separate brooders Brooder attachments.

CHAPTER

IX

SPECIAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS

Cold storage Turkey houses lofts Combination house.

Improved duckhouses

Pigeon

CHAPTER X COOPS,

YARDS

AND FENCES

Glass roof coops Hotbed coops Rat-proof Cool runs TenSumcent coops Orchard chicken coop Fattening pens mer and fall shelter Movable yards Hen-tight fence.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

FIG. i

2 3

4 5

6 7

8 9 10 II

12 13

Up and Down and

... ....8

Crosswise Boarding Sections of Foundations and Wall Sash with Double Glass Window for Cold Weather House for Mild Climates House of Mr France Convenient House. End View and Front Elevation Cheap and Labor-Saving. Cross Section Cheap and Labor-Saving. Ground Floor

Handy Hennery

27 28

29 30 31

32

Interior of

14

14 16

21

End View

25 26

.

12

13

19

Interior

21

.

.

10

20

24

19

20

.

House for Layers Ten-Dollar Henhouse House and Shed

23

17 18

7

...... ....... ....... ...... ... ... ..... .22 ...

22

15

16

4

.

House with Shed A Small House Colony House for Mild Climates H. H. Stoddard's Colony House Northern Colony House Rhode Island Colony House Grundy's Poultry House and Yard Farmers' Poultry House House Easily Removed

14

3

.

.

21

.... ....-3 ...

24 26 32

.

House and Details Movable Coop An Oregon Plan House for Warm Climates House for One Hundred Fowls House with Cloth Run L-Shaped House with Shed Octagon House Good Winter House of

36

.

... ... .

and Details

.

3^

.

-4 4

45

...

.

46 48 5

.

51

.

... .

[

43

.

-

52

-53 54

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

VI

PAGK

FIG.

33

Good House with

34

Interior Contrivances

35

A A

36 37

38 39 40 41

42 43

44 45

46 47 48 49 50 51

52 53

54

Interior Fixtures

Maine Henhouse Prairie Henhouse Henhouse of Kansas Farmer A Nebraska Sod Hcruse House in a Sand Bank Windproof Structure A Log Chicken House A Bank Wall House Interior of Bank Wall House Warm and Convenient Building Front and Rear Elevations Well-Made House. Well-Made House. End Elevation and Pen Run Interior of Well-Made House Section Through Pen

...... ...... ..... ....

Plan Showing Roosts Business Poultry House Front Elevation of Model House Ground Plan of Model House Side View and Floor System Cross Section of Model House

House with Scratching Shed

58

Shelter and Lean-to

59 60

Protected Coop

63

64 65 66

67 68

69 70 71

72

61

62

63 65

Run

67

67 68 71

72 73

74 75

76

....-79 ... .....81

56

61

60

.

57

62

57

..... ...... ...... ...... .66 ..... ....

Practical Poultry House Runway to Second Story

55

55

56

79

.

.

.

Room

.

.

.

... .

.

Protected Scratching Sheds Plan of Duck or Brooder Buildings Double Roof Incubator House Banked Incubator Room Incubator House and Tank .

.

.

Double Brooder House Combination Brooder Building Construction of Brooder Box Pipe Brooder House Houses for Separate Brooders Oregon Brooder House Houses for Winter Chicks .

-85

.86 -87

....90

89

..... ..... ...... .... ..... ......

.

82

83

.

of Sash and Straw

.

.....-84

and Upper

.

79

79

.

.

.

.

.

91

92 93 94 95

96 97

.98 99

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Vll

1'AGK

FIG.

...... ...... .....

73

Plan for Cold Storage House for Poultry

74

Buildings for Turkeys

75

Improved Duckhouse Duckhouse and Shed Pigeon Loft and Interior House for Poultry and Pigeons Ground Plan for Combination House

76 77

78 79 80 81

82 83 84 85

86 87 88 89 90 91

92 93

94 95 96

97 98 99 100

.

.

.

.

104

107

.

.

.

.107

.

.

.

.109

.

.

.

108

109

no

Glass-Roofed Coops

Hotbed Run and Coops Rat-Proof Coops and Run Box and Barrel Coops Coops from Barrels and Crates A-Shaped Coops A-Shaped Coop and Frame Coop from a Shoe Box A Packing Box Coop Brood Coop with Run Light Box Coops Shelter and Portable Coop Colony Shelter Coop Orchard Coop Fattening Boxes Coops for Sitting Hens Shipping and Exhibition Coops Yards for Three Flocks Yards for Two or Four Flocks Movable Poultry Yard Making a Fence Chicken Proof .

.

.

101

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

112

.116 117

.117 .

.

in 115

.

.

.

.

...... .......

1

18

119 120 120 121

122

..... ......

123

.124

.

.

.

.

.

.

125 126

.

127 128

.

. %

.

.

124

.125

INTRODUCTION The aim

of this

book

is

to give designs of sufficient

Few requests variety to suit conditions everywhere. come more often to the office of a poultry editor than those asking designs

and directions for some part

The number and

of a poultry plant.

variety of such

requirements is surprising. On the other hand, the very diversity of conditions which create the demand has also developed a supply. A multitude of houses and coops of differing styles have been designed by ingenious poultry keepers in accord with their experience and to meet local conditions. This little volume aims to bring together these two classes, the intending builders and those who have It is thought that the one already built successfully. hundred designs of such wide range of style, cost and adaptation will meet all requirements. Many of the designs originally appeared in Ameri-

can Agriculturist weeklies

in response to definite replans are carefully selected from a much larger number, and only those are given which are in successful use and which are adapted to the needs

quests.

The

of practical poultry keepers pretentious or overornamental and elaborate affairs having been excluded. ;

Wherever thought necessary or

desirable,

complete

specifications of cost and construction have been included, so that the structures may be put up by anyone

who can handle saw and hammer. r

/

/

Xy5>m* OP-TIT

.

CHAPTER

I

LOCATION AND METHODS

made to do well almost anywhere, made profitable on many farms not Management and adapted for dairying.

Poultry can be just as cattle are especially

system of housing should be varied to suit the location. Some good paying poultry farms are on stiff, heavy clay land, where water collects in pools after rain. Others just as profitable are on rather thin, light soil. Still, it is generally agreed that a good, free, well drained loam has certain advantages. The soil dries quickly after a rain, snow melts more quickly, it warms rapidly in the sun, every shower purifies it by carrying down a part of the impurities. On wet, heavy soil the fowls should have very wide range or the ground becomes muddy and unwholesome. Yet such land is a rich storehouse of plant food and affords the best of grass and insect diet even when drouth checks all fresh growth on other land. Heavy land is best suited to the colony or free range systems.

Some

of the largest

profitable farms have been thus located and conducted, and the fowls maintained in perfect health and vigor. On rather poor land the fowls should also have wide range in order to find enough wild food. Good pasturage should be considered as important as for

and most

cattle.

Rocky land is seldom made the location of large farms for poultry culture, since frequent cultivation and cropping is a part of most systems. Money saved

POULTRY ARCHITECTURE

2

in buying rough or sandy land is soon lost many times over in decrease of net returns. If one may choose, let him buy good, clear, well drained loam, with a

gradual southern slope and a forest protection at the But, as said before, most locations can be made

north.

satisfactory by suitable buildings

and system of man-

agement.

The site of permanent buildings should be well drained naturally, but in a great majority of cases the conditions will be improved by at least heaping up with a horse scraper a little knoll of earth about the same in area as the house. Dryness is the great preventive of disease in poultry, and is even more important than warmth. dry hen will stand a great deal of cold

A

weather without much injury. Foundation and IV alls It pays to have a stone foundation reaching down to frost line, or from one to three feet below the surface and rising about one foot above th^, ground level. When covered with earth, a dry, dusty floor is ensured all winter, and rats are kept out even without a cement covering for the stone floor. Anything but a stone foundation is likely to take up more or less moisture, which will freeze and thaw, making the floor hard and cold, or muddy, neither state being suitable for scratching and for dust baths. Floors below ground are unsatisfactory in moist climates

Dampness works in, spoils the scratching floor, stops laying and causes lameness, colds and bowel trouble. If the floor, however, has been raised by a rock filling, the outside of the building

may

be banked with earth to

good advantage. Tight Foundations When small buildings are upon the farm, there is a temptation, in the interest of economy, to omit the tight stone foundation and put the building on posts. This leaves the building open beneath and permits the cold winds to reduce the

erected

LOCATION AND METHODS

A

temperature. which obviates

plan

this.

is shown in the cut, Figure i, The walls are boarded up and

down, using matched cedar boards, and allowing these to extend to the ground, as shown. A little soil is then banked up against the lower end, which is grassed over years.

tight foundation that will last many framing is made to use crosswise board-

making a

quickly,

If the

ing, put on the latter as shown at right of Figure i, using a wide cedar board to extend from the sill down to the ground, and bank with a few inches of earth as before mentioned. The building can then be shingled or clapboarded.

FIG

I

I

UI'

A XI)

DOWN

A XI) CROSSWISE UOARDIXG

In placing a house, let it face the south or as nearly so as possible. It is cooler in summer and warmer in winter than one facing either east or west. The sun

summer during

the hottest part of the day is nearly and overhead does not shine in so strongly in directly a south window. In winter, when low in the heavens, in

the south

A

window

catches

more of the

Poultry House Floor of cement

sun's rays. may well be pat-

terned after the plan shown at left of Figure 2. The foundation is of loose stones to give drainage. The stones above are cemented. A layer of small stones beneath the cement serves as drainage. The sills of the

house are bedded in cement to keep out vermin. This plan gives an exceedingly warm house, and the cement A floor will keep out all rats and poultry enemies.

POULTRY ARCHITECTURE

4

cement floor is a cold affair in winter unless covered with plenty of dust and litter. A Very Warm Wall designed by G. C. Watson of the Pennsylvania experiment station is double on all sides and practically air tight, with a two-inch air space between the walls. A section plan is shown at right of Figure 2. A two by three scantling set edgewise forms the plate, and to this the boards of the side walls are nailed. These boards may be of rough lumber if in building is desired. If so, the inner boardbe nailed on first and covered with tarred should ing building paper on the side that will come within the

economy

FIG 2

:

SECTIONS OF FOUNDATIONS

AND WALL

This hollow wall when the building is completed. building paper is to be held in place with laths or strips of thin boards. If only small nails or tacks are used, the paper will tear around the nail heads when damp and will not stay in place. The cracks between the boards of the outside

may be covered with inexpensive battens if they are nailed at frequent intervals with small nails. Ordinary building lath will answer this purpose adboarding

mirably, and will last many years, although they are not so durable as heavier and more expensive strips.

The tarred paper on the inside boarding and the battens on the outside make two walls, each impervious to

LOCATION AND M KTILODS

5

wind, with an air space between them. Common building paper may be used or stout paper of any kind. It has been left for the West Virginia experiment station to determine just

would be in

in

how much

difference there

egg production between similar flocks kept

warm and

cold houses.

Two

houses, built exactly

by side, were selected for the experiment, in each of which were placed twelve pullets. One house had previously been sheathed on the inside and covered with paper to make it perfectly Both were boarded with matched siding and tight. alike

and situated

side

shingle roofs.

The fowls were fed alike in each case. The mornmash consisted of corn meal, ground middlings ing and ground oats, and at night whole grain was scattered in the litter. They also had fresh water, grit and bone and granulated bone. The experiment started November 24 and continued for five months. The following table shows the number of eggs laid during each period of thirty days

:

12345

RESULTS FROM COLD AND

Warm

house .... 87

Cold house

The experiment tant to build

130 106

39

WARM HOUSES

138 103

120

124

154 114

Total

629 486

clearly indicates that it is imporsubstantial houses for winter

warm and

egg production. In very cold climates special pains should be taken the roosting place warm. Combs are usually frozen during the night. Double walls battened with lath outside and lined with building paper make a

to

make

warm roost room. With single-wall houses, double boarding on the north side is a protection. An outside shield of corn stalks or hay and litter is also effective.

POULTRY ARCHITECTURE

6

Costly material is not needed for the poultry house. Often a discarded barn or other building can be bought cheap and the sound lumber used again. Others on For city farms can work up home grown timber. boxes at bought dry goods poulterers, large packing Sometimes old stores are a cheap source of lumber. street cars have been bought for a trifle and remodeled. Serviceable houses have been made from staves of old barrels as an outside covering. Old strips of carpet, oilcloth, wall paper or building paper may be utilized to some extent as mside protection.

A coat of home-mixed paint improves the durabiland appearance of a house enough to pay for its cost. Whitewash is much better than nothing, and will add years to the life of second-hand lumber. ity

Shingles properly applied to a roof of fairly steep and warmest roofing, but a strip of building paper should be laid beneath to keep out curpitch are the best

work in between the shingles. sometimes cheaper than wood, and for temporary structures, felting paper with a coat of paint will last about two years. An advantage of sheet materials for roofing is that a steep pitch is not needed to carry off the water, but such materials are cold in winter and hard to repair when damaged. Glass in Cold }Vcathcr Amateur builders commonly use too much glass, which makes a house unnaturally warm on sunny days, but extremely and dangerously cold by night and on stormy days. One window not over three feet square and about eighteen inches above the floor to each ten feet of house length

rents of cold air which

Tin or iron

is

enough.

is

Warmth

curtain for night. slide to oii

weather.

is much increased by a shutter Windows should be arranged

side or be easily taken out

or to

during hot

LOCATION AND METHODS Double windows are sometimes used, but these are expensive, somewhat of a bother to put on and hard to keep clean.

The

cut, Figure 3, shows a single sash, double which a poultryman has recently described. The sash is made so that the glass can be set on both sides of the wooden bars, leaving a half inch or more This gives a double window and of space between.

glazed,

is said to be not more than twenty-five cents extra per sash for the glass and the labor of setting. Those who are providing windows for new or re-

the cost

FIG 3

:

SASH WITH DOUBLE GLASS

modeled poultry houses

will

do well to experiment with

this plan. The glazing must be tight and carefully done to keep out all dirt and dust from the inner surfaces

of

the

double,

glass.

making

Figure 4 shows a window partly a convenient arrangement for ventilat-

ing without draft, and securing greater warmth at night and on cloudy days. Roosts, Nests, Troughs, Fountains, etc, will not be treated at length in this volume. Roosts should be all

POULTRY ARCHITECTURE

8

on a level, should be about two inches thick, rounded on the upper side, not over two feet from the floor, and removable.

Troughs and Drinking Places should be protected Nests should be numerous, secluded and by Beware of too complicated inside easily removed. arrangements when large numbers of fowls are kept slats.

for profit.

Successful large farms are nearly always

FIG 4:

WINDOW FOR COLD WEATHER

conducted on very simple plans, but with emphasis placed on the main needs of the fowls.

Notes essentials in

Dryness and warmth are the two main most climates.

Everything inside should be removable, also doors and windows. The house should be made tight enough feo hold smoke when fumigated.

LOCATION AND METHODS

xes vary

somewhat

in

size,

but they will hold from fifteen to

twenty-five chickens

FIG

9