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PETREL COURSE BASIC SEISMIC INTERPRETATION INTRODUCTION Rahmadi Hidayat, M.Eng

MER PROJECT • Each of you will be given MER Project during this course as your tutorial project • This course will also use MER project as reference so that you can learn the tutorial better • Every steps of the course will be explained then you can try in your own project • MER Project consists of : – 3 well data – 1 Seismic 3D

PETREL’S MAIN DISPLAY

Petrel Toolbar

WINDOWS  showing “display” of data or result, various windows to see many kind of data and model INPUT, consist of : • Input  group of raw data and interpretation • Model  group of gridding and modelling data • Result  for petroleum engineer analysis • Templates  color template PROCESSES, consist of : • Processes  workflow • Case  for multiple scenarios in volumetrics, etc. • Windows  displaying the windows

PETREL’S WINDOWS

SIM

MODELING

INTERPRETATION

“THE GEOMODELING WORKFLOW”

PETREL COURSE BASIC SEISMIC INTERPRETATION SESSION 1 – DATA INPUT Rahmadi Hidayat, M.Eng

SESSION 1 - DATA INPUT 1. 2. 3. 4.

DEFINE PROJECT SETTING INPUT SEISMIC DATA INPUT WELL DATA CREATE AREA OF INTEREST

SET PROJECT SETTING 1. Go to project

2. Settings  Set the X, Y, Z and velocity units

3. Put coordinate reference of MER is in Zone 54S of UTM AGD84

VARIOUS INPUT DATA IN PETREL

Various data can be imported to Petrel including Seismic and Well data

SEISMIC AND WELL INPUT DATA

SEISMIC DATA Mostly in .sgy or segy WELL LOG DATA Mostly in .las or .ascii

INPUT SEISMIC DATA 1. Set Seismic Vintage

2. Put position of X and Y coordinates in byte

SEISMIC HEADER

Make sure that the X, Y and number of byte are in exact positions based on Seismic Header

DISPLAYING SEISMIC DATA 1. Go to Windows  Interpretation

2. Set to TWT  data is in time unit

3. Check the data  it will show in windows

3D WINDOW

INTERPRETATION

WELL HEADER

Start and Stop of Recording

Coordinates Elevation of Kelly Bushing (EKB)

LAS can be opened using Notepad to see well header and what kind of data we have

LOG DATA 1 2 3

LAS data shows what kind of WELL LOG do we have and the units as well 1

2

3

WELL INPUT

1

3

2

1. Open it from IMPORT DATA, using Las. 2. Match filename and well 3. Match for Log column with log templates, units and description in notepad

WELL COORDINATES AND EKB

4. Change Well head X, Y and EKB using Well Setting to coordinates in well header

RESULTS 1. Set SSTVD, MD or TVD 2. Set “Log Templates”  mostly triple combo or resistivity sonic

WELL SECTION WINDOW

AREA OF INTEREST 1

3

2

1. Open it from IMPORT DATA, using Zmap lines. 2. Match X and Y coord. And set time or depth unit 3. Display of seismic data and MER boundary in 3D

PETREL COURSE BASIC SEISMIC INTERPRETATION SESSION 2 – WELL TOPS

SESSION 2 - WELL TOPS • • • •

STRATIGRAPHY TOOLS CURVE FILLING WELL TOPS DISCRETE LOG / ZONES

WELL SECTION DISPLAY Well templates and units

Stratigraphy process Tools for Stratigraphy

MAIN STRATIGRAPHY TOOLS

Curve fill Create well tops Paint discrete

Synchronized well scale

Flood fill discrete Pick up value Edit well log Create discrete log

Synchronized well scrolling

Make “ghost log”

CREATE CURVE FILL 3. Open settings for GR in “global well logs”

1. Click on “curve fill”

2. Click on log curve

4. Set min and max value (GR commonly 0 -150)

CREATE WELL TOPS 2. Click on log curve

4. Make sure you pick right marker, bold means active marker 5. Change the name in setting

1. Click on “create well top” 3. You can put number on well tops (right click) or drag the well top for adjusment

MAKE ZONES 1. Click on “discrete log”

3. Discrete log will appear in well logsglobal well logs

2. Choose what discrete log do you want

MAKE ZONES (2) 4. Apply to log curve using flood fills or paint

PETREL COURSE BASIC SEISMIC INTERPRETATION SESSION 3 – SEISMIC INTERPRETATION

SESSION 3 - SEISMIC INTERPRETATION • • • • • •

INTERPRETATION TOOLS TIME-DEPTH CHART HORIZON PICKING FAULT PICKING VELOCITY MODEL PRELIMINARY MAP (UNSTRUCTURED) – TIME MAP – DEPTH MAP – DEPTH THICKNESS MAP

2D AND INTERPRETATION DISPLAY

Geophysic process

Tools for Seismic Interpretation

INTERPRETATION MAIN TOOLS Set active horizon/fault Delete interpretation (X) Ghost seismic Interpret fault (F) Interpret horizon (H) Seeded 3D autotracking Seeded 2D autotracking (A) Guided autotracking (G) Manual (U)

INSERT TD CHART 1. Go to Insert  New Checkshot

3. Click Well Filter  Insert Well

2. New Checkshot will appear in Global Well Log 4. Click on Well Setting  Link to well trace of your well (Cooba-1)

INSERT TD CHART (2) 5. Go to Checkshot  Spreadsheet

6. Make sure well target is right, time and depth unit as well

7. Copy and Paste of TD chart excel to spreadsheet

INSERT TD CHART (3) 8. Go to Cooba-1 setting

11. Now the well can be opened in time domain in nearest seismic line

9. Check the override global settings, 10. Promote the checkshot 1 and check it and run

HORIZON PICKING 3. Go to Interpr folder  choose insert seismic horizon  Change the name Bold means active Un-bold to deactivate 5. Start Picking

1. Go to Seismic Interp.

2. Click on Interpret Horizon (H) and choose type of tracking

4. Choose the signal

PICKING TYPE Seeded 3D Autotracking  good for bright,high continuity layers

Guided Autotracking  good for bright medium continuity layer

Manual  good for low continuity layers

FAULT PICKING IN 3D OR LINE 3. Start Picking

2. Go to Interpr folder  choose insert fault  Change the name Bold means active Un-bold to deactivate

1. Click on Interpret Fault (F)

CREATE SURFACE 2. Put Horizon

3. Put Polygon /Boundary 4. Set to Automatic input

1. Go to utilities  Make/edit surface

5. Set increment

CREATE SURFACE (2) 6. Go to Algorithm

7. Set type of interpolation method

CREATE SURFACE (3) 1

6. Go to Algorithm 7. Set type of interpolation method

2

8. Go to well adjustment 9. Put welltops and TWT auto 10. Set the method

SURFACE IN 3D WINDOWS

Unstructured Time Map (TWT)

VELOCITY MODEL 2. Put lowermost surface and well tops as well

3. Use Velocity method and data (can be Vavg or Vint)

4. Set radius of well tops correction 1. Go to geophysic  Make velocity model

MAKE DEPTH MAP 1. Go to time surface settings

2. Map will appear as TVD unit 2. Click on Domain convert by active velocity model

THICKNESS MAP 1. Go to Top Structure  Calculator

2. Create formulas  Thickness = Top - Bottom

3. Go to new surface  change template to thickness depth

PETREL COURSE BASIC GEOMODELING SESSION 1 – GRIDDING Rahmadi Hidayat, M.Eng

MODELING WORKFLOW • CORNER POINT GRIDDING • PROPERTY MODELING • UPSCALING (COARSE)

SESSION 1 – GRIDDING • • • • • •

DEFINE MODEL FAULT MODELING PILLAR GRIDDING MAKE HORIZON MAKE ZONES AND LAYERING MAKE CONTACTS

FAULT MODELING 3. Right clock on Fault interpretation (convert it to depth using domain convert by active velocity model)

2. Go to input 4. Convert to faults in fault model

1. Click on Fault Modeling

FAULT MODELING (2)

6. Check the fault and Fault interpretation is already modeled

5. Go to model again

Do it in every fault interpretation that you have, if you have 3, means you have to do this 3 times.

PILLAR GRIDDING

4. Set automaticaly I-J direction 1. Go to Pillar Gridding

2. Make a boundary of Gridding

PILLAR GRIDDING (2) 2. Define cell size  Increment I and J

1. Double click Pillar Gridding 3. Click APPLY then OK

MAKE HORIZON

3. Go to Faults  Set the distance of fault, more distance means the fault zone will be larger 2. Insert horizon Top A as input and well top A as well 4. Go to well adjustment  set to cells penetrated by wells only 1. Double click Make Horizon

MAKE HORIZON (2)

Your Horizon You can change contour intervals and else in horizon settings

Faults cut the Top Horizon

MAKE ZONES

5. Then we have 2 zones 2. Put the well top between your horizon 3. Set the input type

1. Double click Make Zone

4. Set the building and volume connection

LAYERING 2. Put the number you want to split

the zone, For example reservoir is about 150 m, split to 30 means we will have upscaling (next step) for 5 m each

1. Double click Layering

MAKE CONTACTS 2. Set contact type (whether GWC, GOC or OWC)

OWC

1. Go to Make Contacts

3. Input depth of contact and click OK

PETREL COURSE BASIC GEOMODELING SESSION 2 – PROPERTY MODELING

MODELING WORKFLOW • • • •

GEOMETRY MODELING SCALE UP WELL LOGS FACIES MODELING PETROPHYSICAL MODELING

GEOMETRY MODELING 2. Put method

1. Double click on Geometrical Modeling

3. Put the surface, in this case is RMS amplitude to reservoir zone

SCALE UP WELL LOGS 3. Go to well section windows to see well log and the upscaled log

2. Put the log that you want to scale-up and set the settings

1. Double click Scale Up Well Logs

FACIES MODELING FROM GEOMETRICAL MODELING 1. Go to histogram

2. Activate Property and Make rectangle for Histogram

DEP. ENV. FROM GEOMETRICAL MODELING

3. Go to setting of Filter and define max and min value of Dep. Env.

DEP. ENV. FROM GEOMETRICAL MODELING

4. Go to Properties and make calculators to define Dep. Env.

Result

FACIES MODELING 1. Do the upscaling for facies log Tips: common settings for facies log Most of

FACIES MODELING (2) 3. Select zone which will be modeled

4. Select facies which will be confined for modeling 5. Choose algorithm method for modeling

2. Go to Facies Modeling

FACIES MODELING (3) 6. Set Data Analysis for Modeling in modeled zone and facies

8. Check the variogram box (means that modeling will use the edited variogram or rewrite in variogram in below

7. Set Variogram (Major, Minor and Vertical) Tips: direction of major and minor should have similarity to paleogeography

FACIES MODELING (4) 9. See the corelation of well log, upscaled and modeling should be in similarity

10. See the result and repeat this analysis for other facies

9. Click OK

PETROPHYSICAL MODELING 1. Do the upscaling for PHI log Tips: common settings for petrophysical log arithmetic average

PETROPHYSICAL MODELING (2) 3. Select zone which will be modeled

4. Select facies which will be confined for modeling 5. Choose algorithm method for modeling

2. Go to Facies Modeling

PETROPHYSICAL MODELING (3) 6. Set Data Analysis for Modeling in modeled zone and facies

8. Check the variogram box (means that modeling will use the edited variogram or rewrite in variogram in below

7. Set Variogram (Major, Minor and Vertical) Tips: direction of major and minor should have similarity to paleogeography

PETROPHYSICAL MODELING (4)

9. Go to distribution - Estimate data range (manually or automatically), method and dsitribution.

10. Set Co-kriging - Set the property for secondary variable and method and coefficient.

PETROPHYSICAL MODELING (5) 12. See the corelation of well log, upscaled and modeling should be in similarity

13. See the result and repeat this analysis for other facies

11. Click OK

COARSE MODEL

4. Input initial Grid 1. Go to Make simple Grid and set boundary and top & base limit

2. Set Grid increment  should be coarser than initial grid.

3. Go to Scale up structure

5. Set vertical resolution for Zone and click OK

COARSE MODEL (2)

7. Input properties in initial Grid which is targeted for coarse model

Fine Model

8. Click OK

6. Go to Scaleup Properties

Coarse Model

PETREL COURSE BASIC GEOMODELING SESSION 4 – VOLUMETRIC CALCULATION Rahmadi Hidayat, M.Eng

VOLUMETRIC CALCULATION

1. Go to Utilities  Volume Calculation

2. Input the contact to fluid zones

VOLUMETRIC CALCULATION

3. Set N/G and porosity in General

4. Set Sw, Bo and Rec factor

VOLUMETRIC CALCULATION

5. Go to settings, check property you want to add, in oil case usually Bulk vol, Pore Vol, HCPV oil, STOIIP, and Recoverable Oil

VOLUMETRIC CALCULATION

6. Go to Boundaries, set the JTM block polygon as boundary of your calculation (we only need to calculate inside the block)

7. Click RUN

CALCULATION RESULT

RESULT