• Author / Uploaded
• mancini

Citation preview

o

PREY· MEN-AT-ARMS SERIES

cScandinavian ~rmies in the :J\€1l0leonic"J1IJrs Text by

JACK CASSIN-SCOTT Colour plates by

MICHAEL ROFFE

JC01ldi1l0vitlll ~rmies ill tlte ~oleollic mrs

IlItrOnl/Clioll The involvement of Denmark/Norway and wech......d .u

D4 Sweden: Kongllllgens Lif Garde Til Hast,

officen. H

Officer, fOOl The Royal Life Guard was part of the standing army, and had six squadrons, including a jaeger squadron. Each squadron consisted of 125 men. The officer is shown in full dress. The 'brassard' was worn on the left arm as a reminder of Ihe Palace Revolution of 1772. The mounted Jaegers wore a uniform of similar cut but in dark green. £f Denmark: Hussar Regiment, OJficer, 181j The Hussars saw most of their service in Northern Germany. Many accounts of the various ballles fought mention squadrons of Hussars fighting alongside the Dragoons and Line troops. To the Hussars goes the credit for killing the rebellious Major von Schill of the 2nd Regiment of Brandenburg Hussars, during the street fighting in Stralsund on 31 May IBog. Stralsund and Boden are but two of Ihe battles in which the Hussars fought. Their uniform followed lhe general pattern of all hussars, the exception being lhe hat (Shachtclhue) which was a high black shako with silver bands around lhe lOp, the lace band going diagonally down lhe front - although regulations allowed the French-lype colpack which was sometimes worn. The troopers wore a similar uniform with white cOtton tape in place of the silver lace of the officers.

Thi. pl.fe .ho...... II:roup of Swedi.h Li.ne lnf....fry .oldie... we.n"'fIl ,he '807-10 r~la,iOll inue of ulliform. The ulli.

. . =.m.. .,,~ ~m:~e~ ~..:;-~~o'";~ fi:~;~ :::::

:;im=~

~~= ~!.:.:J~..':;::::::'°btu:r::~~r:~~a;:;

:~:::::.tij:=b:~l=~~~"::?::;~=fl::'~; ~;::~::::':.~:rh;"'S.eh;C:::d:t;ow:":~d:·f~':;:~

loa,. Oft the ... fr.. m .. leff i .... officer of "'e Kron.obers:

r~~~~Etfr'~~:~:~1~~~~E:t:~~~:~~:: iaD boota were wo..... Th.. bl M .... the Kron. ...

=:=a~esime t cod,.de of. yellow hac"fIlrouDd with a blue

CeDlre leff i•• private of the Elf.borfll Resim~nf w~arinfll • fIlrey fIlrdtco.' with. d ..lachable c.pe, which alao h.d tbe fad"'fIl colour of dar" blue. Kifllh hlac" pife... wer.. worn. wi,h b...... hUflOD fa&left"'••. The bf cockade bd ... o .......lI:e bac"fIlrou.Dd wi.... red cron ... ,he Cefttre. The «Ilf", fill"""" (fro"'f ...d back view)1U'e privaf'"

of"'~

~;-~;e~~~~f~~;':Ir::'~h~..aeY:""do;~:".t-=a~ arm MiD. red.

ulrem.. ri.ht i. a prinl" of SOcIum........d Resim...f. Nococlr.adewa.woraonfhefro toffh.. hat. TheUAiformW&lO daJo.. hl..e wi'" • yellow collar, cuB'. aud ....... bac.... The

l"ther equipm_, wa. of wh.i1e le....~r. aud ,he . .,iOllal. coloured sinU.. waS worn.. The pautaloo.... were whi,e ao.d worn. wi'" bl.c" sai,u. 10 ,he ..0 ..... All ~me.>Is carried 110.. hayo...et aU..ched und .. rn._th Ih~ hl.c" ammunition po..ch; ,he m .....e.. bd red l...ther .tiufll•. (Knotel)

aulettes and sash. The black bicorne with the deep laced edge, white feather border along the top and white plume was still worn, whether on the stan' or Wilh a regiment. £j Dtnmark: OJfiurofth., Cuid, Corps, 181j

This corps was an csscmial part of the arm)'. liS personnel were specially chosen officers and noncommissioned officers, who were trained for staff duty service. The uniform was red with black facing colour, and they wore a distinguishing coloured plume of yellow with a crimson top.

£2 Danish. Ceneral, 181j

PI Denmark: J),dskeRegimtnl ulteDragorur, 181j; Trooper in service dress

The Generals wore a special type of uniform when serving on the General Staff, this being in Ihe national colour of red with the facing colour of blue. Epaulettes were of gold bullion with three silver bars. The sash was a little different from lhat of the other general officers. If the general was in command of a regiment he usually wore the regimental uniform with the general's ep-

This regimenl saw most of its sen'ice in Northern Germany in the Auxiliary Corps, which was the Danish Division attached to the French XIII Army Corps under Marshal Davout. In command of the Danish Corps was Prince Frederick of Hessen and in command of the 2nd Brigade, in which this Jutland regiment served, was Major. General J. C. Lasson.

36

37

The helmct worn was the samc pallcrn as llscd from 179510 1815, and a similar patlern to that worn by the Royal Life Guards. I t had a black leather skull with a straight leather peak I:x>und with metal. and a metal band abovc the peak over the front bearing the regiment's name. It bore a crcst of black feathers. and the blue turban was contained by chains. The uniform followed the s.ame style as the infantry, with the turn backs in buff and the collar. lapels and cuffs in the regimental colour. The overalls were dark blue with a red stripe down the side and black leather strappings. The carbine was the short rined model of 1807. F2 Denmark: ]yiskt Rtgimrnt LeU' Dml:rmer,. mounted Officer, /813 Thc total strcngth of the regiment on a war footing was four squadrons, each squadron con· sisling of 175 oAlcers and mcn, but whether this figurc was cver reached is not quite certain. Officers had their ranking shown on the lower slce\'e, a system introduced under the army regulation of I August 1812. The jacket was the tail-coat with buff·coloured turnbacks. The horses were somewhat smaller than in other rcgimcnlSof cavalry, but were chosen for their hardiness. The shabraque was crimson with silver lace embroidery, and the harness was of black leather dcr:orated with shells. Owing to the British blockade and the financial problems of the country, the crimson material was gradually going out of use through lack of supplies. GI and G2 Denmark: Grenadiers, Oldntborgske hifanleriregimenl Originally part of the Danish Division st,lIlding by in Holstein, this regiment was ordered to Northern Germany by the Kingan 16Ma)' 1813, there to be attached to the French XIII Arm)' Corps commanded by ~1arshal DaVOli!. The Danish Division was now called the Danish Auxiliary Corps, under the command or Prince Frederik of Hessen. The Oldenborgske Infanteriregiment I, II, I V and the light company from the III "'ere part or the First Brigade under the command of Major·General G. L. Graf \'on der Schulenberg.

38

c....up

of Sw~.U.h dnSOOD' aDd c..ira..ie" i.. 1807. The typieal head-dre.. wa' the btack bico....e wo.... i.. the f..re aDd aft po.ili...., w;lb y",Uow hat pullil at "'.ch ead. SliShdy len or Ce»lr", the hat deconted wilh a y",lIow bow w;lh a bull.......d loop, ...rmO....led by a while feal.her pl..m",.

wa.

0.. Ihe e.-I.rt!me I",fl ill a lrooper of 110... Scani Rqi.m....t of O.... lII;oo.... The IUliform ill 110... l']98-tllo7 pan be"'lII; d.rk blue ... colour. noe lIf;ir.Ue tbe Iatlur-type of yellow UKI 101..", Io..rn.... I.1 .tripes. Buff b~h W"rt! wo.... with killl;h k..ee boot.. A whil" I..."ber belt {ro 110.. riCbl .b..uJd.. r 'cros. Ihe body .upported th.. beary ca_try ~latioa .word oa t .... lef,. A wai.t bell .....d ..r th", lIf;irdl", .upported th.. sahretacbe. 11M: hd leath..r carlo.... belt from the kft

wa.

::-::.~n"'h:"..=f~b~~::..~":'::r~a:":::~~:~:

.. ... yellow; ,b.. dark bt..e pistol caven we" d"",ont...t with 'h.. IIor.... cro_.... yellow.

The fiK"" sec d from lbe lefl i.... officu of the Scania.a O .... Coo.... The iform i••imilar to lhal of the lroopo:r other thaD tb I"'ri.l, ...d cold lac", ....Iead of th.. yell_ couo.. lau. Buff'S'''Dd..,. w",r.. w...... by.1l . Th", c....t .... ficure i.... officer of tb.. Life Cui ier Rqi._ me..l. He won th", bl.d< t",atl.er I.cqu",red h",lInet 0 .....• me"led with ,ill fitti"lII;'; the et.1 plale which covered Ihe p".k·p;ece j .....ed the Cilt c t, 0" which w •••tt.ched • white worsted co...h. noe b.ck of Ihe helme' wa" al".. o.....m"'..ted wilh lII;ilt fitting. which ror...ed ...eck lII;u.rd. no", if..rm w•• of. h..ff' c..l..ured c1..lh with the coll.r, cuff d tu .... b.ck...f dark btue. The .teet cuir••• waa edlll;ed in lII;ilt bra.. trim ...d gilt b ...... domed lI..d •. I.. Ihe ceatre ofth.. cui...... w •• the Swedi"h R ..y.1 Co.t or Ar.... u. gilt. Btue vetvet wilh a crimped edge (wkich .b..wed) tined Ihe cui....... The .h..ulder -.tItS ..f b...... a ..d leatber wbich f..leaed 0" Ibe f...... 1 .upported the cui....... A cold.laced cr bell fro... 110... rillhl "bowder carried Ibe .word, aad f m a waist belt UDder the cui.......tinlll;' .upport...t lbe ...bret.che, both 0 .. the leTt .ide. HiCh k.._te..p bool. filted wilh steel 'pun w...... wo.... The wkile ·bra....rd· ...... wo.... o .. t .... lef,.rm. noe figure .... lhe rillhl i.... officer of the Life 0"'1_ Rqi.m",al. He i. w ...riaC the 1&0, pan...... W>ifOnD with the

....Ille r _ of gilt hun...._; it wa. dark lot..",. ia Ihe cu'.away tail coal slyle. noe callar, cafI'. ...d lu".back. were'" "",kite. ~~ ~:=kte:'::~t:.",:r:.'~Il-;~:::'''':=~ft ~:=

=:

ri!bt .b....lder .upported • sword ia a f"'l Ihe teft .ide. noe wai•• wa. eacircled by. IlAJ'TOW 1l..1d 10 with ..,k wbich hu..! dowa Ihe left .ide. BuR' caloured breeches e ....

;;':'":a:~s~f: ."::r;-'O~~:'':;:':-e''''~;~~";it::'::;:'~

walk...! stick "",as ..fte.. carried by officers. (K..otel)

The backview figure has the calf-length greatcoat or medium grey worn during lhis period; the red coat of an earlier pattern was somctimes scen. The standard infantry equipment of white leather and fawn hide pack was worn. Grenadiers had an infantry sabre in addition to the bayonet. The feather was remo\·ed from the bearskin under orders issued on 8 September 1813, but restored later when the bearskin was replaced with the shako, on 12 :\'ovember 1813. The second figure is wearing the lBog patlern red jacket. of which the cut was out of fashion with the rest of Europe.

39

G] Dtnmark.' 3dir )]dskt hifa1/lairtgimtnf. OJliar, 18J]

This shows the uniform as worn in 1813 after the order of I August 1812 had been issued. This order forbade the wearing of gold or silver epauleues and sashes, and a system of stripes and buttons to denote rank was imroduccd. The figure shown is that of a second lieutenant. Both blue and grey pantaloons were worn. The colours were carried either by junior officers or senior N.C.O.s. G4 Drnmarlc.' Oldrnborgslcr InJanlerirrgimrnt, OJlicer, 1809

The officer is wearing the IBog pattern uniform; this was the period when both gold or silver epauleltes and sashes were customary. This uniform was worn at the battle of Stralsulld during service in a combined Dutch·Danish force. It was due to ~he lack of both money and supplies (be· cause of the British blockade) that the later pattern of uniforms lost most of their finery of gold or silver cords and epaulettcs. HI and H2 Drnmarlc: Holslmlct RyUert, OJliur and Troop", 181]

The uniform of the Danish Heavy Cavalry was similar to that of the infantry and the Horse Artillery. The officer's tailed coat and the trooper's short jacket had the standard flaps and turnbacks in buff. Collar, lapels and culTs were in the facing colour of green. The black shako had a white plume with cordsofrcd and yellow. On the diamond-shaped metal hat plate were the letters 'R.R.' for Rytter Regiment. The overalls were dark blue with black leather strappings; troopers had red stripes down the outside, the officers gold. The sword carried was the cavalry broadsword pattern of 1774, in the scabbard of 1786. The troopers' sword knots were black, while the officers had the gold and crimson sword knot. The pistol and carbine were the 1807 patterns. The shabraquc:s for the troopers were red with a white edging, for the officers crimson with a silver

Swedi."lw",lve-potUId""('lA0(c. 17!IOteaL 12"2;&.11 AusEhrfturird dKip wit.b cradl.. &.lid limber, it .laDd. i tra.iliosS peKino•. (Ro)'1lt Army MUHum, Swedea)

edging. Parade dress for the officers was coloured breeches and black Hessian boots wi lassel. H3 and H4 Dtnmark: 3dit ))'dslct Infanttrirtgim )arger Company, Corporal and Troop", 1813

During this period infantry regiments , formed into four battalions. The first two talions were made up of "eterans or the r experienced professional soldiers, the lhird fourth from the militia (Iandevaernet), which beell stood down since 1808. A battalion cons' of four companies of musketeers and on jaegere (riRemen); the first battalion had a ( pany of Grenadiers instead of jaegere. I company consisted of some 167 officers and I The Jaegere N.C.O. and trooper wear the s uniform as the infantry with the exception 0 distinctive dark green feathers and cords 011 shako and the all-black leather equipment. smooth-bore infantry musket Model 1794 used after the Crown Prince's request for a lig musket; a special sabre·bayonet, the 'Hi, fanger', was carried. The undress forage ca 'bonnet de police' were often worn on ocea~ other than fatigue duties. \Vhite trousers , worn for the summer uniform.

Men-at-Arms Series THE SEVEN YEARS WAR ,\10:-.'1'C.-\I..\I'S AR1-1Y WOLFE'S ARMY TilE i\l'STRO·IIL:N"G,\RIA'\' AR.\IY OF THE SEVE:\, YE.\RS WAR FREDERICK TilE GREKI"S ARMY

NAPOLEONIC WARS rOOT GRF.:'IAD[F.RS OF TilE [,\II'ERIAL Gl'ARl) (:1I.\'3SECRS OF TilE GUARD HL(.l(:HEI{'S Mo.·l\'

RllSSIAN AI{;\IY OF TilE :"\AI'OLEO:\'IC WARS

BRITISH REGIMENTS TilE IIl.ACK \\"ATCH THE COL])STR~:AM GUARDS THE ROYAL SCOTS GREYS THE ARGYLl. & SUTIlERLAND 1l1GIH.ANDERS THE CO:'lNAUCHT RAXCERS THF. HUFfS THE ROYAL ARTILLERY TilE "I:'IG'S RECI"IF.NT TltE GURKHA RIFLES TilE 30TH I'U:-."jAIIIS THE SOUTH WALES 1I0RDERERS TilE ROYAL CREE;': JACKETS

THE IlLACK BRU;.IS\\,ICKERS

AllSTRO·Hl":"