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STUDENT’S BOOK | UNIT 1

Exercise 5

Pages 4–5

1 satellite, cable 2 texts 3 app 4 dependent 5 gadgets 6 surfing, internet 7 virtual

READING 1 Students’ own answers 2 Things that existed in 1986 include: phones, but no smartphones; videos, but no DVDs; video games, but no Xboxes; photos, but no Instagram; TV, but no cable TV; maps, but no satnav; libraries, but no internet. Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1b 2b 3a Exercise 3 1 T (asks the reader to imagine a situation: Imagine living in a world without smartphones and then says Welcome to 1986!) 2 T (uses past tenses to describe what a family did, e.g. decided, got rid of, used) 3F 4 T (uses direct speech to show opinions/reactions; mentions various effects: … it’s made me realise how much time we wasted … and … they hope to help their kids spend more time using their imagination and less time on the smartphone.)

Exercise 4 1 C (We all spend a fair amount of our time connected to technology …) 2 A (The writer describes the McMillans’ situation in this paragraph) 3 D (The writer mentions all the other options: A They even got hairstyles just like the ones people had in 1986! B got ridof their cable TV … new games console … C got rid of their smartphones, internet … satnav …) 4 B (More and more parents today worry about the effect technology is having on their children) 5 A (The McMillans are now back in the present with a different attitude)

VOCABULARY Exercise 1

GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context Some people are surfing the internet on their phones. (first paragraph, line 4 of the text)

adjective ends with -ible accessible horrible permissible reversible sensible terrible

The writer has used the present continuous to describe actions happening at a specific moment.

Exercise 2

We all spend a fair amount of our time connected to technology, … (first paragraph, line 11 of the text) The writer has used the present simple to describe people’s habits. We seem much more relaxed now … (fifth paragraph, line 3 of the text) The writer has used the present simple because seem is a stative verb.

Exercise 1 1 ’m watching (pc – actions happening now) 2 rely (ps – asks about people’s habits – stative verb) 3 do you use (ps – asks about people’s habits) 4 are becoming (pc – a changing situation) 5 Do you have (ps – permanent situations) 6 don’t post (ps – habits) 7 have (ps – possession – stative) 8 ‘m using (pc – temporary situation)

Exercise 2 1 ’m calling 2 ’m standing 3 ’ve got 4 am not joking 5 does, look 6 are selling 7 are queueing 8 wants 9 ‘m getting 10 ’m coming

Exercise 3 am owning – own, are thinking – think, spend – am/’m spending, am having – have, am choosing – choose, is being – is, are switching – switch, am supposing – suppose T HINK

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Students’ own answers

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Answers/Audioscript adjective ends with -able admirable advisable believable fashionable identifiable reasonable

Page 6

Exercise 1

B1+

Answer key

1 horrible/terrible 2 advisable/fashionable/ reasonable/sensible 3 admirable/reasonable/sensible 4 reversible 5 identifiable 6 reasonable/sensible

Exercise 3 Answers/Audioscript 1 My parents and I have come to an agreement. I’m only going to use my games console at the weekend. 2 You should take my advice when I tell you to spend less time on your smartphone. 3 Could you do me a favour and lend me your tablet for five minutes? 4 I do take your point about very young children and limiting screen time, but I disagree when it comes to teenagers. 5 I’m really doing my best to use the internet less. I’ve deleted my Facebook account. 6 I have come to the decision that I will only use electronic gadgets at the weekend. 7 I spend too much time online, but I’m making progress. I’ve got it down to three hours a day!

Exercise 4 1 If people come to an agreement, they end up agreeing to do something, probably after initially disagreeing. 2 If you take someone’s advice, you do what they suggest. 3 If you do someone a favour, you help them somehow. 4 If you say you take someone’s point, it means you understand what someone is trying to say.

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STUDENT’S BOOK | 5 If you do your best, you try as hard as you can to do something. 6 If you come to a decision, you make a choice after thinking carefully about it. 7 If you make progress, you improve or develop, or get better at doing something.

Exercise 5

B1+

Answer key

4 C (I’m not so sure about that) 5 C (I agree with the last point) THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

ME

Page 9 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context 1b 2c 3d 4a

Exercise 6

1 watching 2 to spend 3 take 4 limiting 5 setting 6 playing 7 using 8 checking 9 to be 10 taking

1 mend, fix 2 switch off 3 online 4 upload

Page 8 LISTENING Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 Speaker 1 is agreeing. Phrase used: I agree with the last point. Speaker 2 is disagreeing. Phrase used: I’m not convinced that’s true. Speaker 3 is disagreeing. Phrase used: I’m not so sure about that. Speaker 4 is disagreeing. Phrase used: You must be joking! Speaker 5 is disagreeing. Phrase used: I don’t see why.

Exercise 3 Questions 1, 2 and 4 are about disagreement. Questions 3 and 5 are about agreement.

Exercise 4 1 A (You must be joking!) 2 B (I’m not convinced that’s true) 3 C (That’s a great idea / I guess you’re right. The man does disagree at one point – I don’t see why … but they agree in the end)

Exercise 3 First question: Students’ own answers Second question: Suggested answers: good things: routines are comforting, help create a lifestyle, they become good habits, you get more done in the day, they help you have more energy, you are healthier and happier, they help you have a clearer and sharper mind all day.

Exercise 1 1✓ 2 inviting – to invite 3 to play – play/playing 4 leaving – leave 5 being – to be

Exercise 2 1 deny dropping 2 made me turn 3 mind (me/my) using 4 started using / to use 5 suggest playing / we play

bad things: routines make life boring, they cause inactivity, they limit your creativity, they make you resist change and stop you from seeing new opportunities, they become bad habits.

Exercise 3

THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE |

L EARN

Exercise 2 These expressions are heard on the video: hardly ever [Nicky 01:05], per day [Patrick 01:17, 01:37], I tend to [David 01:54], up to [Rachel 02:22]

Students’ own answers

Answers/Audioscript 1 She posted some photos on her Facebook page 2 If our computer freezes, we usually switch it off and restart it because that often solves the problem. 3 I am addicted to my electronic gadgets, especially my tablet. 4 How much did it cost to fix your computer? How much did it cost to mend your computer? 5 Many parents want to limit how much time their children spend playing games online.

3 One person (David) plays video games every day.

Exercise 4 | ME

agree: + full infinitive dislike: + -ing form imagine: + -ing form refuse; + full infinitive Students’ own answers

Page 10 SPEAKING Exercise 1 1 Rachel has the most amount of free time per day: 4–5 hours – up to 5 hours. Patrick and David have the least amount of free time per day: 2–3 hours. 2 Nicky: a lot of sport – running, swimming, walking, sometimes cooking, playing computer games with friends. Patrick: going to the cinema, the gym, playing video games. David: cooking, swimming, cycling, playing video games. Rachel: baking cakes and desserts, climbing, reading.

Students’ own answers

Exercise 5 1 I tend not to 2 hardly ever 3 My usual routine 4 a day 5 up to, typical

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Page 11 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 a, b 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 b 6 a 7 a, b 8 a

Exercise 3 1 be able to do 2 deny 3 tend to do 4 suggest + -ing, suggest (that) someone (should) do, suggest + noun 5 make someone do something 6 succeed

Exercise 4 1 are not / aren’t able to stop

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STUDENT’S BOOK | 2 denies breaking 3 tend not to find 4 suggested (that) we (should/could) 5 make me play 6 succeeded in solving THINK | RESEARCH |

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Students’ own answers

B1+

Answer key

1 (b) 5–10 years old: write, read, ride a bike, tell the time, draw in detail, tie your shoelaces … 2 Students’ own answers

Suggested answers

Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 3

Exercise 2

Students’ own answers

The writer agrees with the statement.

Exercise 4

WRITING

Students’ own answers

Exercise 3 … I completely support the idea that … (first paragraph) I totally agree with the idea that … (second paragraph) I do not accept the argument that … (third paragraph) I am not in favour of … (fourth paragraph)

Exercise 4 1 support 2 favour 3 totally 4 accept 5 against 6 convinced

Exercise 5 1 belief 2 tend 3 From 4 I’m 5 In 6 To

Exercise 6 Student’s own answers

Exercise 7 Students’ own answers

Exercise 8 Students’ own answers

Exercise 9 Students’ own answers

Exercise 10 Students’ own answers

UNIT 2 Pages 14–15 READING Exercise 1 Suggested answers 1 (a) 1–5 years old: walk, talk, sing, hop, climb, ride a tricycle …

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1 C (You have to practise a lot before you can do it well. / I had the time as my brother had quite a lot of studying to do.) 2 B (I had to practise for ages until I could do it properly too.) 3 E (Most people learn their times tables at school when they’re about seven. / In the evenings, while my mum was getting dinner ready, she tested my sister.) 4 A (She was working out the prices for something and she said, ‘So, that’s seven times eight. Seven eights are …’) 5 G (… one significant thing I learnt when I was young was the importance of writing a thank-you letter when someone gives you a present / just a few sentences saying thank you and sharing your news) 6 D (… my cousin Bruce from Canada … is a bit of an expert / He was also responsible for deciding if the waves were right for a beginner …) Unused answer: F (All the skills and abilities in the text were acquired by being told what to do, Listening attentively or through practice, not by note-taking or explanation.)

Exercise 5 1 expert 2 a bit like 3 a whole load of 4 reminded me of 5 for ages 6 properly 7 acquire 8 totally THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context Exercise 1

Exercise 2 1 Perhaps it’s a boyfriend, brother, friend. 2 Perhaps it’s tests, or cooking lessons. 3 It might be party invitations.

Pages 12–13

Page 16

1 was/were, went, had, taught, stood, practised, kept, started 2 Accept one of the following: What skill or ability did you acquire from friends and family? Was it easy to learn? How old were you when you first learnt it? 3 If we used the past simple (got), it would change the meaning from an action in progress (she was in the middle of getting the dinner ready when she tested the writer’s sister) to a completed action (she had already got dinner ready when she tested the writer’s sister).

Exercise 1 1 were watching, realised, wanted 2 didn’t learn, went 3 learnt/learned, was staying 4 knew, didn’t know 5 taught 6 Were you wearing, fell off 7 did you learn 8 did clean

Exercise 2 1 got up (completed past action) 2 was raining (use of the past continuous to describe atmosphere at a particular time in the past) 3 asked (completed past action) 4 said (completed past action) 5 suggested (completed past action) 6 didn’t realise (past state) 7 was (past state) 8 decided (completed past action) 9 was practising (longer action in the past continuous) 10 tickled (shorter action in the past simple which interrupts the longer action) 11 led (completed past action; we prefer the past simple to give precise detail) THINK | RESEARCH |

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Students’ own answers

ME

Students’ own answers

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STUDENT’S BOOK | Page 17

Exercise 4

VOCABULARY Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript 1 The driving test was tough, so she was surprised that she managed to pass it. 2 It’s amazing. It’s the first time we’ve beaten that team in five years. 3 After a lot of practice, I finally succeeded in doing an Ollie on my skateboard. 4 At first I was terrible at juggling, but after two weeks I was progressing well. 5 The explorers overcame a lot of problems before they reached the South Pole. 6 I was pleased that Julia came first in the class test because she had done a lot of revision. 7 I achieved a new best time for swimming 1,000 metres at the weekend. 8 We accomplished a lot this morning because everyone worked really hard. 9 Some of the players started crying when they lost the final match. 10 I felt awful. I didn’t expect to win the race but I didn’t think I would come last either. 11 Jack was really disappointed when he failed his French exam for the second time. 12 Argentina suffered a painful defeat to England in the World Cup Final.

Exercise 2 Answers/Audioscript adjectives with -ful: harmful, painful, playful, stressful, thankful, useful adjectives with -ive: active, attractive, creative, secretive, effective, productive

Answers/Audioscript 1 Learning some musical instruments helps you build up muscle strength. answer b 2 I understood the instructions, but it was difficult to carry them out in practice. answer a 3 Sarah used to need arm-bands when she went swimming, but she’s learnt to do without them now. answer a 4 I didn’t listen to Dad’s directions, and we ended up in the wrong place. answer b 5 The instructor told them to stop talking and get on with packing their equipment. answer a 6 I don’t know how you put up with such an annoying neighbour. answer b 7 What did you get up to last night? Anything interesting? answer a 8 I’ve no idea how you go about teaching a dog to dance! answer b

Page 18 LISTENING Exercise 1 Suggested answers 1 Kayaking. Other activities could include: abseiling, zip-wire, rockclimbing, building fires, making a natural shelter, tracking, etc. 2 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 happy, many (students add a number that could apply to a group of teenagers) 2 excited (students add an adjective that could describe the hut they slept in) 3 teacher, tutor (students add another role on an adventure holiday) 4 stones (students add another possible object)

Exercise 3

Exercise 3

Students’ own answers

1 creative 2 playful 3 thankfully 4 useful 5 actively 6 harmful

Exercises 4 and 5

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Answer key

1 30/thirty (There were about thirty of us) 2 wooden (a big wooden hut) Elicit from students that the correct adjective here can’t be big as

this is already covered in the question (The large hut they slept in was …). 3 instructors (We had three instructors – Paul, Kelly and Dave) 4 rock 5 open wound (for someone who’s broken their arm, and how to treat an open wound) More than one type of injury is mentioned, but the word preceding the gap is an so the word must begin with a vowel. 6 on a rope / (by) abseiling (abseiling. That’s when you come down a rock face you’ve just climbed on a rope) 7 freezing (It was really dark, and the water was freezing) Elicit that it refers to the night. 8 a (sharp) knife (how to use a sharp knife safely) Ask students to notice the change in word order here. T HINK

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Students’ own answers

Page 19 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context a3 b1 c2

Exercise 1 1 making (the main verb to be indicates that it is the construction be used to) 2 used to / would (past habits – both are correct) 3 would always / always used to (past habits – both are correct) 4 to listen (used to to describe past habits) 5 Are (Did you used is incorrect – Are you used … ? is the correct form) 6 wouldn’t (we didn’t use is missing to and therefore is incorrect) 7 would / used to (past habits – both are correct) 8 ‘m used to (-ing form of washing and ironing indicates be used to is correct here)

Exercise 2 1 she used to be quite shy. 2 Diana would / used to want to be dream of being a famous comedian.

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STUDENT’S BOOK | 3 She would / used to spend hours Reading joke books 4 She didn’t use to / wouldn’t tell any jokes at school though 5 she is used to telling jokes in front of thousands of people 6 She still isn’t used to people recognising her in the street and asking her to tell them a joke

SPEAKING

that doesn’t need physical effort; the people in Photo A need sports equipment but the person in Photo B needs a board and game pieces 3 this way of learning might be fun; it is practical to learn in groups; it’s a team-building experience; it’s good to be taught by a professional 4 learning this way can go at the pace of the learner; it can be done in a caring and safe environment; it can be fun; it’s flexible as far as time is concerned

Exercise 1

Exercise 6

1 Jack prefers learning at school because he’s with friends and finds it more fun. 2 Ally prefers to be taught by a person NOT in her family, as she says she argues a lot with her family. 3 Jack prefers working in a small group because he’s with people of the same ability and people in the group can help each other. Ally says a smaller group is more focused and she gets more time for herself.

Students’ own answers

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

These expressions are heard on the video: Both types of … are … [Tilly 2:36], It isn’t as … as … [Darius 01:47], One key difference is … [Ally 01:22], One way they differ is … [Darius 02:01]

a) The gaps that probably need verbs or verb forms are 1, 3, 7. b) The gaps that need other parts of speech are 2, 4, 5, 6, 8.

THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

ME

Students’ own answers

Page 20

Exercise 3 Students’ own answers

Exercise 4 1 similarity 2 both 3 key 4 whereas 5 differ 6 as

Page 21 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1

ask your English teacher and your parents) 4 T (Remind students to pay attention to organisation: all writing options require them to write four to five paragraphs) 5 F (Why not make a list of all the things you’d like to see and do there? You might find that it’ll help you choose between, say, London and Edinburgh)

Exercise 3 One thing you should do is … Why not … If I were you, I’d … Make sure you … One idea is to … Finally, my advice is to … Students should tick: 1 (should), 2 (Why not), 3 (If I were you, I’d), 4 (Ask, see).

1 Are, Were – auxiliary 2 could, would, can, will – modal verb 3 never, rarely – negative word 4 made – main 5 was –auxiliary 6 up – particle

Exercise 4

Exercise 2

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Exercise 4 1 was 2 about 3 progress 4 not 5 of 6 up 7 would/did/could 8 up T HINK

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Students’ own answers

Pages 22–23

Exercise 5

WRITING

1 both photos show people learning; the people in both photos seem to be enjoying learning; there is a teacher in both photos; the people learning are concentrating 2 Photo A shows people learning together whereas Photo B shows one person learning alone; Photo A shows people learning a physical activity but Photo B shows a person learning a game

Exercise 1

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Answer key

Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 F (She starts the letter with a greeting) 2 T (She talks about Hannah’s recent birthday and the photos she receives) 3 T (think about where in the UK you want to go … make sure you check how much they charge …

Students’ own answers

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 Exercise 7 Students’ own answers

Exercise 8 Students’ own answers

Exercise 9 Students’ own answers

PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 1–2 Pages 24–25 Exercise 1 1 fashionable 2 attractive 3 unreasonable 4 harmful 5 dependent 6 stressful 7 active 8 productive

Exercise 2 1 for 2 take 3 you 4 come 5 bit 6 posted 7 switch 8 do 9 progress 10 managed

Exercise 3 1 ‘m/am studying 2 Did you have 3 was I saying/did I say 4 arrive 5 ate 6 were you doing

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STUDENT’S BOOK |

B1+

Answer key

UNIT 3

5 C (Bunny is known for her series ‘Does this thing really work?’, where she tests beauty products that have been advertised on TV.) 6 A (the advertising revenue they made covered the cost of the boys’ travels in Thailand.) 7 B (until chat show host Ellen DeGeneres heard about it. What followed next was a dream come true for Greyson: an appearance on the TV show, …) 8 D (LPers record themselves playing the game and talking about it at the same time. They edit their videos, put them online, and their viewers watch them to learn what they should do in the game, …)

Pages 26–27

Exercise 5

Exercise 3

1 channel 2 goes viral 3 Revenue 4 LPers 5 edit 6 viewers 7 upload/post 8 comment

Exercise 2

Answers/Audioscript 1 It will do you good to get out and meet your friends once in a while. 2 I watched his Vube channel, but I didn’t find it funny. 3 It was fun to take part in my friend’s latest video. 4 I often have friends round, and we play games or watch videos online. 5 You should take a break and do something fun, like watching a DVD. 6 Why don’t we go online and see if there are any funny videos to watch? 7 I can’t really tell jokes very well, so I wouldn’t be a very good comedian. 8 You shouldn’t make fun of people in your videos. It’s not nice.

Students’ own answers

Exercise 4

Exercise 3

1 If something does you good, it benefits you. 2 If you find something funny, it makes you laugh. 3 If you take part in something, you’re involved in it and participate in it. 4 If you have friends round, you invite them to visit you and they come. 5 If you take a break, you stop what you’re doing for a while. 6 If you go online, you use the internet.

7 was living 8 ‘s/is working 9 was still writing 10 got

Exercise 4 1 to take 2 forgetting 3 to turn 4 playing 5 to understand 6 closing 7 doing 8 to let 9 to make 10 to disturb

Exercise 5 1 come to an agreement 2 get on with (doing) 3 getting on 4 take your point 5 would (often) drive / (often) used to drive 6 put up with

READING Exercise 1 Student’s’ own answers

THINK | RESEARCH |

Exercise 2

C ULTURE

Students’ own answers

1 Chuggaconroy, grav3yardgirl, 2 2010, 2011 3 the USA; the UK

Page 28

Exercise 3

GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context

1 The age Emiliano Rodolfo Rosales-Birou was when he uploaded his first video. 2 The number of videos Chuggaaconroy had posted/ uploaded by the end of 2013. 3 The number of subscribers to Jacksgap by September 2012. 4 Around the amount of money Bunny Meyer makes a year from her channel. 5 The number of fans Bunny Meyer’s channel has got. 6 The number of views that Jacksgap had by September 2012.

1 can, might 2 b

Exercise 1 1 a (obligation) 2 b (ability) 3 a (advice) 4 b (permission) 5 c (ability – past of can) 6 a (advice) 7 c (ability) 8 b (we also use should to indicate when something is probable, as well as for advice or criticism)

Exercise 4

Students’ own answers

1 C (… her fans … love her excited, crazy style and attitude …) 2 A (He was soon joined by his twin brother, Finn, …) 3 B (… tours of the US and Asia, and a recording contract.) 4 A (Jacksgap now includes vlogs that encourage social and environmental awareness, and raises money for various charities.)

Exercise 4

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1 have to / must (obligation) 2 can’t (can for choice and opportunities) 3 should (weak obligation) 4 could/might (possibility) 5 can (general possibility) 6 might/could (possibility) 7 can/might/must (possibility/ obligation) 8 have to / must (obligation)

THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

ME

Students’ own answers

Page 29 VOCABULARY Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript Nouns with -ity: activity, complexity, creativity, originality, popularity, simplicity Nouns with -ness: awareness, cleverness, happiness, openness, weakness, youthfulness

Exercise 2 1 awareness 2 openness 3 popularity 4 weakness 5 creativity, originality 6 simplicity

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STUDENT’S BOOK | 7 If you tell a joke, you tell a kind of funny story to make people laugh. 8 If you make fun of someone, you laugh at them in an unkind way.

B1+

Answer key

4 can’t 5 might/may/could 6 must

using social networking sites: good communication skills, learning about other people’s lives

Exercise 2

Exercise 5 Answers/Audioscript 1 chat show 2 sitcom 3 documentary 4 game show 5 the news 6 soap opera 7 talent show 8 wildlife programme 9 music show 10 weather forecast 11 cookery show 12 reality show

1 No, it can’t be Josh because he wasn’t there. 2 She must be here because I saw her car. 3 (I think) it might/could be in the classroom. 4 (I think) it could/might be Sophie’s. 5 No, it can’t be Harry because he’s ill in bed at home.

1 may/might 2 must 3 may/might 4 must 5 can’t

LISTENING Exercise 1

THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

Students’ own answers

ME

Students’ own answers

Exercise 2

Page 32

Students should circle C, D, F, H.

Exercise 3

SPEAKING

1c 2d 3f 4b 5g 6e 7h 8a

Exercise 1

Exercise 5

1 The useful skills you can learn from playing games online include: coding, maths, improving your memory, coordination skills. 2 The things you can learn from chatting to people around the world include: language skills and information about other cultures, and cooking skills, e.g. sushi. 3 The useful skills you can learn from making videos online include: editorial skills, media skills, developing creativity. You can also help others and build your self-confidence.

Speaker 1 C (It was actually a lot harder than it seemed. You need to concentrate … It was a lot of work …) Speaker 2 B (… the video went viral! It got 200,000 views in the first month! So I got a lot more viewers …) Speaker 3 H (I got bored with making and editing the videos and decided that it was a lot easier to watch other people’s …) Speaker 4 A (… but I never get paid anything …) Speaker 5 F (When it’s just me and the camera, it’s as if I have a different personality.) THINK |

R ESEARCH H

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Students’ own answers

Page 31 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context 1 yes 2 because there is evidence (the video went viral) 3 other modals for deduction: must, could, may (not), might (not)

Exercise 1 1 might/could/may 2 can’t 3 must/may/might/could

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1 might 2 about 3 what 4 don’t 5 choose

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Exercise 7 Students’ own answers

Exercise 3

Page 30

Exercise 4

Exercise 2 How about … [Drea 01:09], I suggest we … [Christian 00:36], What about … [Jordan 02:33], Why don’t we … [Maisie 01:45]

Exercise 3 Suggested answers researching information online: where to find information, understanding different opinions playing games online: using a map, working with other people chatting online to people around the world: understanding other cultures

Page 33 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 1 achiever, achievement 2 belief 3 capability 4 choice 5 creativity/creation/creator 6 decision 7 giver/gift 8 loss/loser 9 naturalness/nature 10 personality 11 sadness 12 thinker/thought

Exercise 2 1 belief 2 loser 3 personality 4 loss 5 sadness 6 creator

Exercise 3 1 noun 2 adjective (negative) 3 noun 4 noun 5 adjective 6 noun 7 noun 8 adjective

Exercise 4 1 thought 2 unoriginal 3 capability 4 personality 5 creative 6 awareness 7 creators 8 natural

Pages 34–35 WRITING Exercise 1 1 The purpose of a review is firstly to give factual information about the subject and secondly, to give an opinion about it which will help the reader/viewer to decide whether to buy the book, see the film or go to a restaurant, etc. 2 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 T (they have a professional look … the sound quality is always excellent) 2 T (Abigail … tells jokes and talks about her life)

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STUDENT’S BOOK | 3 F (The text describes Abigail’s personality not her appearance) 4 F (some of the jokes she tells are old ones … Admittedly, she sometimes refers to her close friends …) 5 T (I would definitely recommend this channel)

Exercise 3 Students should underline: great, professional, excellent, good, interesting, unusual, funny, successful

Exercise 4 teenagers who visit a website

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Answer key

2 positive (skim Reading for adjectives like incredible, fantastic, etc.) 3 teenagers mainly (skim for the key word teenagers/you (or your parents) 4 a newspaper (informative but not factual, style of text, features typical of newspaper articles such as reference to a website, etc.)

Students’ own answers

Exercise 5 Suggested answers

Students’ own answers

Exercise 7

Exercise 6

Students’ own answers

1 everywhere in 2 really looking forward to 3 not what you like 4 amaze 5 very popular 6 go to

Students’ own answers

Exercise 6

Exercise 8 Students’ own answers

Exercise 9 Students’ own answers

THINK |

R ESEARCH H

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Students’ own answers

UNIT 4 Pages 36–37 READING Exercise 1 Suggested answers 1 In a city, there are people from many different places and lots of shops and entertainment facilities. In the country, you can find animals, plants and rural architecture. 2 The disadvantages of living in a city are that it is noisy, stressful, dirty and crowded. But it is also more diverse and there are more job opportunities. The disadvantages of living in the country are that it can be too quiet and boring. The advantages are that it is clean, safe and relaxing.

Exercise 2 and Exercise 3 1 places in one city (finding the word London in each miniparagraph)

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Exercise 1 1 no 2 yes 3 yes 4 no

Exercise 2

Exercise 4

1 (it’s) more affordable 2 fashion and jewellery 3 open to the public 4 (an) earthquake / a simulated earthquake 5 (the) squeamish

Exercise 5

specifically for teenagers for decades … this suggests that the situation still continues today (although note that even if the present perfect simple had been used, that would still be true). It also emphasises duration.

Page 38 GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context 1 We’ve travelled Have you ever wanted has been described (Note: this is the present perfect passive. You could highlight that this is a useful tense for saying that something has been done by someone at some time up to now – we might not know who or when. Point out to students that they will look at the passive in more detail in Unit 8.) 2 Maybe you’ve been dying to see London from the air …: here, the use of present perfect continuous emphasises duration – the continuing long-lasting situation. Note: it would be wrong for it to say here ‘you’ve died’. This meaning of ‘die to’ is almost only ever found in the continuous. The Unicorn Theatre, near Tower Bridge, has been putting on shows

1 ever 2 become 3 has 4 he has 5 admired 6 working 7 for 8 always liked

Exercise 3 1 has enjoyed / has been enjoying 2 has she been living / has she lived 3 have been waiting 4 Have you bought 5 haven’t even checked in 6 haven’t been 7 have been planning 8 Have, worked THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

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Students’ own answers

Page 39 VOCABULARY Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript Suggested answers (accept all sensible suggestions) 1 Most of London’s best tourist attractions are in the city centre. 2 My family live in a block of flats in the north-east of the city. 3 In New York the underground train system is called the subway. 4 It is often hard to find a parking space in the street outside our house. 5 There are over a hundred different shops in this shopping centre. 6 There are excellent public services in Bristol, including libraries and public transport.

Exercise 2 1 suburbs: Young families often prefer to live in the suburbs where life is quieter and children can play more freely.

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STUDENT’S BOOK | 2 an office block: My sister works in an office block in the centre of town. Her office is on the fifth floor. 3 the Tube: I’ve travelled on the underground in London. It’s called the Tube, and I went from Oxford Circus to Waterloo. 4 car park: You have to pay to leave your car in the car park at the shopping centre. 5 department store: I think Harrods is the most famous department store in London. 6 attractions: One of my favourite attractions in London is Kew Gardens.

Exercise 3 Answers/Audioscript The underlined words should be: 1 whatever 2 has no plans to turn 3 solve 4 There are, all over 5 had enough of 6 throw all your litter away

Exercise 4 1 regardless of, You’ll have a great time in London regardless of the weather. 2 have any intention of, The city council doesn’t have any intention of turning the playground into a car park. 3 find/come up with a/the solution to, We’re going to have to find a solution to the problem of wheelchair access soon. 4 is covered with, The outside of the building is covered with beautiful plants. 5 fed up of/with, I’m really fed up of living in a small village. 6 dispose of (all) your litter, Make sure you dispose of your litter properly.

Exercise 5 Answers/Audioscript 1 noun 2 adjective 3 adjective 4 noun 5 adjective (a noun does fit here, but it’s unusual to have a noun in a list of adjectives) 6 adjective 7 noun 8 adjective 9 verb 10 verb

Exercise 6 2 unaware 3 unable 4 disadvantage 5 uncomfortable

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6 insecure 7 inability 8 unbelievable 9 disagree 10 disappeared

Exercise 3

Note: if some students suggest discomfort for number 5, point out that this does not really fit because it’s very unusual to have a noun in a list of adjectives.

Page 40 LISTENING Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1M 2P 3N 4N 5P 6M 7M 8N

Exercise 3 To be ticked: all of them except Up to a point

1 Where was New Amsterdam? / Which island was New Amsterdam on? 2 Who did the Dutch do a deal with? / With whom did the Dutch do a deal? 3 What was the deal? / What deal did they do? / What did they swap (the city for)? 4 Who changed the name of the city (in 1664)? / Who got/took control of the city? 5 Who did they name the city after? / Who was the city named after? / Who gave his name to the (new) city? THINK | RESEARCH |

Exercise 4 1 C (My dad … got in touch with people we know around the world … he arranged for me to stay with each of them …) 2 B (I’m more of a country person myself) 3 C (I was expecting … a really crowded and dirty and polluted city, but it didn’t feel like that at all) 4 B (I preferred Montreal – it’s a bit more laid back and relaxed) 5 A (In a way, it’s a combination of all of them) THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

Suggested answers (accept all sensible and grammatically-correct suggestions)

ME

Students’ own answers

Page 41 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context 1 haven’t 2 which 3 did 4 Was 5 they’re

Exercise 1 1 isn’t it? 2 aren’t they? 3 aren’t I? 4 have you? 5 does he? 6 shall we? 7 will you? 8 will you?

Exercise 2 1 Students should tick: 1, 3, 6 2 did Romulus and Remus found / was founded by Romulus and Remus? 4 goes 5 does that bus go

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Page 42 SPEAKING Exercise 1 1 Emma would like to live in a city because it would be more convenient with transport links, whereas David would prefer to live somewhere smaller / quieter. 2 David thinks that children would learn the same at school, but the children in the countryside would learn extra skills, such as farming. Caroline thinks that children who grow up in the city learn to find their way around the city and so become more independent. 3 Emma would like to live at the top of the flats to have fewer noisy neighbours and get a good view, whereas Caroline would rather live on the ground floor as there would be fewer stairs to climb and there is easy access to the garden. 4 Both Emma and Caroline think that safety is important and living close to shops and amenities. Caroline thinks it would be good to live near a Tube station, whereas Emma thinks that would be noisy and so it would be better to live a little way from the Tube station.

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5 David thinks cities will be much bigger and noisier. Emma thinks more people may move out of cities and work from home. Emma thinks there will be more cars but David thinks that people might take more public transport. Caroline thinks lots of people will be using electric bikes. David thinks the cities will be greener with roof gardens.

18 point 19 block 20 factor

Exercise 9

Exercise 3

Students’ own answers

Exercise 2

1B 2D 3B 4A 5A 6C 7B 8D

These expressions are heard in this order on the video: 1 I think the opposite [David 00:44] 2 That’s a very good point [Caroline 01:09] 3 I agree [David 01:18] 4 That’s true [Caroline 01:34] 5 There’s something in that [David 01:46] 6 I’m not sure I(’d) agree with that [Emma 02:07] 7 That’s a good point [Caroline 02:12] 8 That’s right [Caroline 02:24] 9 I think that’s true up to a point [Emma 02:26]

Suggested answers Green roofs (roofs with plants on) can help with building and city temperature, and reduce electricity bills. They’re good for the environment and can look lovely too.

Exercise 4 THINK | RESEARCH |

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WRITING Exercise 1

Exercise 3

Exercise 2

1 good 2 go 3 make 4 find 5 telling 6 take What is it an example of?

What specific example is given?

example 1

big cities

Dubai, New York

example 2

life difficult if high up

can’t open a window wide on a hot day

example 3

problem with power cut technology/ electricity

example 4

skyscrapers can be dangerous

if in fire – difficult to escape

example 5

they’re beautiful works of art

New World Trade Center

Exercise 5

Exercise 3

Students’ own answers

1 for 2 instance 3 of 4 such 5 like (Note: ‘such as’ fits here, but the rubric asks for one word)

USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 Suggested answers You can have a flower and vegetable garden. It is a great hobby and can help reduce stress.

1 popularity 2 uncomfortable 3 openness 4 simplicity 5 creativity 6 originality 7 awareness 8 unbelievable

Students’ own answers

Exercise 4

Page 43

Exercise 1

1 ever 2 been 3 for 4 to 5 may/might/could/will 6 may/might/could/will 7 have 8 would

Pages 44–45

Suggested answers First question: The best things about my area are the shopping centre, the skate park and the public swimming pool. Second question: I would improve my area by making it more accessible for disabled people. I would also make sure there were plenty of facilities for young people.

Pages 46–47

Exercise 2

Students’ own answers

Exercise 3

1 right 2 point 3 in 4 true 5 extent 6 entirely 7 sure 8 opposite

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Exercise 4

Exercise 4 1 set 2 come 3 check 4 head 5 dispose 6 have

Exercise 5 1 have 2 How 3 have/need to 4 doesn’t 5 couldn’t / could not / wasn’t / was not able to / didn’t / didn’t know how to / did not know how to 6 What 7 should 8 shouldn’t / should not / mustn’t / must not / oughtn’t to / ought not to 9 aren’t 10 must/should 11 Who 12 has to / must

Exercise 6 1 Zara can’t/cannot/couldn’t / could not be 2 no intention of moving 3 to take part in 4 disposing of 5 must be an

Students’ own answers

UNIT 5

Exercise 5

Pages 48–49

Students’ own answers

READING

Exercise 6

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Students’ own answers

1 make 2 world 3 fan 4 take 5 multi-storey 6 trip 7 recent 8 access 9 make 10 see 11 partly 12 store 13 virtual 14 space 15 general 16 public 17 capital

Exercise 7

1 On Saturday morning, I play football with my club. Then I usually hang out with my friends. On Sunday, we always see my grandparents.

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Students’ own answers

Exercise 8 Students’ own answers

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Page 50

2 My ideal weekend would be to go away to the mountains and practise one of my favourite hobbies, either walking in the mountains or skiing.

GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context

Exercise 2

Exercise 1

1F 2F 3F

1 both 2 are you going to 3 both 4 ’m/am meeting 5 both 6 Shall 7 ’ll 8 finishes

a3 b2 c1

Exercise 3 1 Have you ever stopped to wonder, though, exactly where it originated? (the weekend) 2 And how is the concept going to change? (the idea of the weekend) 3 Their working lives were once ruled by nature (people who left the country to work in factories) 4 By the end of the century they had managed to reduce the working week to five and a half days. (the campaigns for workers’ rights) 5 This meant that working people could take an interest in hobbies (the fact that the working week was reduced to five and a half days)

Exercise 2 1 are you seeing / are you going to see 2 sell 3 ’m/am not doing 4 are going / are going to go 5 Will you ask 6 does it open

Exercise 3 2 ’m/am going / ’m/am going to go 4 ’re/are visiting / ’re/are going to visit 7 Will your cousin Rick be / Is your cousin Rick going to be 10 ’s/is organising / ’s/is going to organise 11 ’re/are having / ’re/are going to have

Exercise 4 1 D (The modern weekend took shape during the Industrial Revolution … their employers demanded a different rhythm.) 2 A (They had managed to reduce the working week to five and a half days.) 3 B (… allowing his employees time to purchase and enjoy the cars) 4 C (Technology enables more people to … plan their own use of time.) 5 A (Some people have recommended a 21-hour working week.)

Exercise 5 1 leisure activities 2 the Industrial Revolution 3 chill out 4 nine-to-five job 5 spring up 6 campaign 7 originated 8 the working week THINK | RESEARCH |

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Students’ own answers

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Students’ own answers

Page 51 VOCABULARY Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript Students should cross out: special – we add -ise to special to form the verb specialise and the adjective specialised. The other words are: activate, affectionate, considerate, decorate, desperate , equate, fortunate, motivate, stimulate, evaluate

Exercise 2 1 considerate 2 decorate 3 fortunate 4 desperate 5 equate 6 motivates 7 affectionate 8 activate

Exercise 3 Answers/Audioscript 1 (b) I try not to let it get me down when I have to work over the weekend.

2 (c) When I don’t feel up to seeing people, I just stay in my bedroom. 3 (f ) I hate it when people put other people down just because they want to play video games all weekend! 4 (g) I hope that in the future, when I look back on my teenage years, I remember the fun times. 5 (a) I can’t believe my parents let my sister off when she came home really late last Saturday! 6 (d) Our boss is quite nice, but she doesn’t stand for people talking when they should be working. 7 (h) I’d been working so hard that I started to drop off when we went out at the weekend! 8 (e) It’s important to sort out any problems before they grow into something bigger.

Exercise 4 1 get me down: to get depressed 2 feel up to: feel that you are physically/mentally healthy and strong enough to do something 3 put (somebody) down: to criticise someone, especially when other people are present, in a way that makes them feel stupid 4 look back on: think about a time or event in the past 5 let off: to give someone little or no punishment for something that they did wrong 6 stand for: accept something that someone does 7 drop off: start to sleep 8 sort out: to do what is necessary to deal with a problem, disagreement or difficult situation successfully

Exercise 5 Answers/Audioscript Computer hobbies: blogging, DJing, online gaming, programming, social networking Sports hobbies: martial arts, mountain biking, scuba diving, yoga Other hobbies: board games, painting, photography

Exercise 5 Suggested answers blogging: create, post, type, upload, etc.

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STUDENT’S BOOK | DJing: choose, mix, play, spin, etc. programming: add, enter, download, upload, etc. social networking: favourite, follow, friend, like, etc.) martial arts: fight, think, move, react, etc. mountain biking: crash, cycle, exercise, race, etc. scuba diving: breathe, explore, see, swim, etc. yoga: breathe, exercise, relax, stretch, etc. board games: compete, lose, play, win, etc. painting: draw, create, copy, paint, etc. photography: post, edit, take, upload, etc. THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

ME

Students’ own answers

Page 52 LISTENING Exercise 1 Suggested answers 1 I belong to a mountain-climbing club. We go up to the mountains every month. 2 People like to get together with other people who have the same hobby because they can learn from each other and they share the same interests.

Exercise 2 1 principle (P) 2 point (P) 3 certain P 4 eye D 5 wavelength D

Exercise 3 1A 2A 3B 4B 5A

Exercise 4 1 That’s true up to a point. But there’s only so many hours in the day and it’s hard to motivate myself after a difficult day … I’m sure you can do something if you plan it a little. 2 I suggested we have the dinner at that new Italian restaurant in town, and that was about the only time anybody saw eye to eye on anything. 3 However, those people who have already joined the leisure centre

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have yet to be convinced that it will be such a benefit. 4 Maybe a photography contest is a better idea. We could charge people to enter. … OK, let’s speak to the other members and see what they think. 5 For me, the only problem was not feeling like I was on the same wavelength as the others.

Page 53 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context a 1, 2 b 2, 4 c 4 d 1, 3

Exercise 1 1 is shorter than 2 is cheaper than 3 is more expensive than 4 are smaller than 5 are bigger than

Exercise 2 1 the most fantastic 2 faster than 3 the least interesting 4 bad as 5 the greatest 6 more fun than

Exercise 3 Suggested answers 1 best 2 more 3 expensive 4 better/higher 5 less 6 harder

Page 54 SPEAKING Exercise 1 Jordan would like to follow her father’s example and become a police officer. She would also like to have a happy family and a healthy life. Drea would like to be a primary school teacher and would like to have a family and children. Sophie would like to go to university to perhaps do a PE course, and continue doing gymnastics. Maisie is going to do a creative writing course. She plans to go and live in New York with a friend and would like to become an author.

Exercise 2 1 My ambition is to … [Jordan 00:39] 2 in the future, I’d like to … [Drea 00:56] 3 at some point [Drea 01:07] 4 I’m hoping to …

[Sophie 01:28] 5 I’m not sure, but … [Sophie 01:33] 6 I’d (really) love to … [Maisie 01:37] 7 I’m looking forward to … [Maisie 01:40] 8 We are planning to …[Maisie 01:44]

Exercise 3 Suggested answer I can see a young woman who looks as if she might be working as a building site supervisor or a surveyor. The photo makes me feel happy because the young woman looks as if she is enjoying her job. Yes, I would like to be like the young person in the photo because I think she has a good job. Her job looks interesting.

Exercise 4 Students’ own answers

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Exercise 7 Students’ own answers

Page 55 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 at, to 2 at, at, before 3 off, to 4 in, on 5 since, until/till, at 6 out, with 7 in, at, up 8 After, on, from 9 out, up, at 10 since, up

Exercise 3 The three gaps that are part of a phrasal verb are: 1 (chill out) 4 (sprung up) 6 (run out of)

Exercise 4 1 out 2 to 3 to 4 up 5 in 6 out 7 off/after 8 at THINK |

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Students’ own answers

Pages 56–57 WRITING Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

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STUDENT’S BOOK | Exercise 2 The writer tries to get the reader’s attention by asking rhetorical questions (questions where you don’t really expect an answer).

Exercise 3 Students should underline the following reasons: … their parents want to control all their time. … they want the best for you … … in the future you will have to do that without their help.

Exercise 4 That’s because, Because, The reason for this is that

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Exercise 7 Students’ own answers

Exercise 8 Students’ own answers

Exercise 9 Students’ own answers

UNIT 6 Pages 58–59 READING Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 support 2 pain

Exercise 3 1 high 2 little 3 healthy 4 hot 5 certain

Exercise 4 1 D (If I had a pound for every time my mum stopped me leaving the house with wet hair, I’d be rich.) 2 B (I’d say at least 15 or 20 minutes would probably be enough.) 3 C (I believe it’s based on a misunderstanding with the word ‘starve’ in the old days.) 4 A (I’ve heard of a study which suggests it may reduce inflammation, so it’s worth a try)

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5 C (There was no difference in terms of how many caught a cold.) THINK | RESEARCH |

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Page 60 GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context 1 This is a first conditional. The verb in the if clause is in a present tense and the verb in the result clause is future tense. The first conditional is used to talk about real or likely situations now or in the future. 2 This is a second conditional describing a hypothetical situation in the present. The use of the past simple in the if clause tells us that the speaker doesn’t actually have a pound (now) for every occasion they heard something (in the past). The use of would (’d) tells us that they aren’t actually rich. 3 This is a zero conditional, presenting a real and possible situation and result. It could be talking about a general situation or it could be talking about a specific one-off situation right now. 4 This is a zero conditional with unless. Here, it’s not a scientific fact, but an opinion about a general truth. Unless here means except if or if not: It’s probably good advice except if you’re vegetarian or vegan. / It’s probably good advice if you aren’t vegetarian or vegan.

Exercise 1 1d 2g 3a 4c 5h 6b 7e 8f

Exercise 2 1 take 2 won’t be 3 I’d 4 doesn’t feel / isn’t feeling 6 would

Exercise 3 1 you go swimming on a full stomach, you might get cramp. 2 I drink more water, my headache will stay/won’t go away. 3 gets enough sleep, she has a lot of energy.

4 be weird if doctors believed most old wives’ tales. 5 eat carrots regularly, you’ll/you have great eyesight. 6 take my advice, you’ll recover very soon. take my advice, you won’t recover very soon. take my advice, you’ll recover very soon. THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

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Students’ own answers

Page 61 VOCABULARY Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript 1 Do you think you might be addicted to chocolate? 2 When would you advise against going swimming? 3 Do you know any sayings that date back to the old days? 4 Do you ever do anything that’s based on an old wives’ tale? 5 Do you know anyone who’s allergic to penicillin? 6 Do you approve of people eating crisps for breakfast? 7 What diseases do you think they will have found a cure for by 2050? 8 If you had to get rid of one thing from your diet, what would you choose?

Exercise 2 1 addicted to: not able to stop having (eating, drinking, etc.) or doing 2 advise against: suggest not doing something 3 date back to: from a specific time in the past 4 based on: used specific ideas to make a decision, plan, etc. 5 allergic to: be made ill by eating/ drinking/touching, etc. 6 approve of: agree with 7 cure for: something that makes an ill person become healthy 8 get rid of: throw away, give away, sell, etc.

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STUDENT’S BOOK | Exercise 3 Answers/Audioscript adverb is adjective + -ly: accidentally, anxiously, cheerfully, currently, frequently, gradually, hopefully, regularly, relatively, shortly, surprisingly, traditionally adverb is not just adjective + -ly but ends with -ly: automatically, basically, comfortably, daily, early, easily, extraordinarily, happily, remarkably, truly, unbelievably adverb does not end with -ly: fast, well

Exercise 4 Answers/Audioscript 1 Joe picked up a very hot pan that was in the oven and there’s a nasty burn on his hand. 2 I’ve felt ill for ten days. I think I must have a virus. 3 40.1 degrees is a very high temperature. You should go to the doctor. 4 Anna cut her finger with a knife in the kitchen. I think she needs a plaster. 5 Lots of people catch flu in the winter. 6 One of the symptoms of flu can be a sore throat. 7 Max has got a headache and a fever. I think he’s got flu. 8 Beatrice can’t walk very well. She sprained her ankle playing tennis today. 9 I’ve been sitting down all day and now I’ve got a cramp in my leg. 10 You’ve got a bad cold so make sure you wear some warm clothes and take some tissues with you. 11 My eyes are sore and my skin is red. I think I’ve got an allergy. It must be your cats. 12 David had a nasty bruise on his arm after he fell off his bike.

Page 62 LISTENING Exercise 1 Suggested answers We use a neutral tone and a rising pitch towards the end of the sentence to express worry. We speak fast and use an enthusiastic tone to express happiness – the pitch goes up at

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the end of the sentence. We use a higher pitch and rising intonation on time and home to express surprise. We use a falling intonation on time and home and an irritated tone to express anger. We usually speak loudly when we are angry.

Exercise 2 1 positive 2 no 3 yes

Exercise 3 1B 2C 3B 4A 5C

Exercise 4 1 I think I found out for sure what the truth is, so I feel really good about that. 2 Yes, and I’m totally addicted to it! … it’s just absolutely fascinating. 3 … they got me thinking about the human body and the things that can affect it. I really appreciate that … 4 It’s not exactly great advice, is it? … that’s just a bit odd, isn’t it? 5 I’m off to visit my sister in Cornwall tomorrow. I’m not quite sure what to do now. Should I cancel the trip …?

Page 63 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context 1 who 2 which/that 3 when/that 4 why/that

Exercise 1 Defining: sentences 2, 3 and 4. Non-defining: sentence 1

Exercise 2 1 which/that 2 when/that 3 why/that 4 whose 5 where 6 whom

Exercise 3 1 Acupuncture, which is a treatment using needles, is becoming more popular. 3 Hypnosis, which involves putting someone into a hypnotic state, is only practised by a few doctors.

Exercise 4 1 which 2 which 3 who/that 4 whose 5 where 6 who/that 7 why 8 which

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Page 64 SPEAKING Exercises 1 1 Nicky likes fizzy drinks but drinks water as fizzy drinks are bad for your teeth. Patrick prefers water. He doesn’t drink fruit juice as it contains too much sugar and he prefers eating fruit. David prefers fruit juice because it’s more interesting than water and counts as one of your five a day (five fruits and vegetables per day recommended by the Health Service). Rachel also prefers water as it’s available everywhere and is thirst-quenching. 2 Nicky prefers eating salad as it’s fresh and light to eat. Patrick prefers a sandwich as he needs something filling after going to the gym. David is always eating `on the go’ so he prefers a sandwich because you can take it with you. Rachel prefers to eat a salad because it’s healthier. 3 Nicky likes eating in but usually takes her food out. Patrick always eats out when he’s on the go. He doesn’t like eating in. David prefers to eat in to be away from the traffic noise and pollution where it is peaceful and quiet. Rachel likes to eat in in the winter, but prefers to eat out in the summer. 4 Nicky, David and Patrick prefer savoury snacks, but Patrick also likes to have a sweet snack occasionally. Rachel would choose a sweet snack because she likes baking and cakes.

Exercise 2 These expressions are heard on the video: my preference would be … [Nicky 00:30], I would (definitely) rather … because [Patrick 00:36 / David 00:46 / Rachel 00:53, / 02:01],

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STUDENT’S BOOK | the reason why … [David 01:25], would prefer (not) to … [Patrick 00:42], because (of) … [Nicky 01:08]

Exercise 3 Students’ own answers

Exercise 4 1 for 2 for 3 than 4 over/to 5 (not) to

Exercise 5 1c 2e 3a 4d 5b

Exercise 6

Exercise 2

Exercise 4

1 adjective (e.g. incredible) 2 adverb (e.g. incredibly) 3 adverb (e.g. environmentally) 4 adjective (e.g. strange) 5 adverb (e.g. easily) 6 adverb (e.g. Amazingly) 7 adjective (e.g. hard) 8 adverb (e.g. slowly) 9 adjective (e.g. calm) 10 adverb (e.g. slowly)

Students’ own answers

Exercise 3

Students’ own answers

1 adverb 2 adverb 3 adjective 4 adjective 5 noun 6 adverb 7 adverb 8 adverb

1 The positive thing about the restaurant in the first picture is that the food there is healthy and good for you. However, the food in the second picture might be cheaper, and sometimes it’s tastier. 2 The restaurant in the first picture might be expensive and maybe a bit boring. The food in the restaurant in the second picture is not good for your health. 3 The people in the first photos look a if they feel happy and relaxed. I think the people in the second photo also look as if they’re having a good time and enjoying themselves. 4 My preference would be for the restaurant in the first picture because the food and drinks look healthy and I would rather eat food that’s good for me.

Exercise 4 1 Remarkably 2 easily 3 scientific 4 healthy 5 strength 6 surprisingly 7 daily 8 truly THINK |

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Pages 66–67

Page 65 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 fast food: food that is prepared very quickly and can be eaten on the move processed food: food that contains a lot of additives and is not natural fresh food: food that is not treated and has nothing added to it organic food: food that is prepared in as natural a way as possible, using natural ingredients and the best growing or rearing methods comfort food: food eaten to make someone feel happier, safe, etc.

Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Exercise 7 Students’ own answers

Exercise 8

PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 5–6 Pages 68–69 Exercise 1 1 fortunate 2 motivate 3 well 4 truly 5 extraordinarily 6 considerate

Exercise 2

1a 2b 3a

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Suggested answers 1 yes 2 yes 3 They used rhetorical devices such as You know what it’s like. and But do you know what the strangest thing is? where you have to read on to find out what they’re talking about. They addressed the reader directly (You know what it’s like. and Think about smart snacking). They used friendly informal language (I’m sure it’s the kind of thing you’ve heard your parents say!). They had an interesting idea to write about (a common saying).

1 which 2 when/that 3 whose 4 where 5 why/that 6 which/that 7 who 8 which 9 which 10 where

Exercise 1

Students’ own answers

Exercise 5

1 is going to rain 2 will happen 3 am going to have 4 won’t see 5 Are you making 6 are you going to do

WRITING

Exercise 7

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Exercise 3 1 the reader 2 no 3 It makes us want to read on to find out what they are talking about. 4 no (it’s a rhetorical question) 5 no 6 It makes us want to read on to find out what they are talking about.

Exercise 4 1 most 2 than 3 even 4 best 5 further than

Exercise 5 1c 2e 3a 4d 5f 6b

Exercise 6 1 networking 2 to 3 of 4 against 5 for 6 medicine 7 to

Exercise 7 1 got rid of 2 complain if I was/were 3 the most considerate and caring 4 as long as 5 unless it has (got)

UNIT 7 Pages 70–71 READING Exercise 1 1 Students’ own answers

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STUDENT’S BOOK | Exercise 2 1 before long, to begin with 2 in other words 3 as a result 4 apart from that

Exercise 3 Suggested answers: 1 next/then 2 what I mean is 3 consequently 4 in contrast to that

Exercise 4 apart from that: sentence E before long: sentence C in other words: sentence B to begin with: sentence F

Exercise 5 1 F Students should think about what the question word why is referring to. Around the gap there are things that got progressively better over time (We’d quickly got over that, though, and as time went on, we’d become really good friends …) which fits with the negative start in option F To begin with, she and I hadn’t hit it off. It also fits grammatically, with two examples of the past perfect. 2 B Students should identify that these two sentences talk about changes in appearance that match to option B: I’d been expecting her to look different after ten years … The girl in the photo was the same old Lauren though. 3 G Students should identify that stories about long lost friends getting back in touch after years apart and I had been thinking about our friendship match option G. 4 C Students should see Before long and link this to the chain of events in this paragraph. It means soon here and it contrasts with the long wait I waited for what seemed like forever, and then her reply came. 5 A Students should see As we did that … and ask themselves As they did what? The sentence before the gap says they were telling each other about the last ten years, so that makes logical sense. Then the sentences after

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the gap explain the reasons why friends are so special, which fits well with the second clause in option A I realised what it was about our friendship that was so precious. 6 E Apart from that, though, events aren’t as important … introduces a clause about how people don’t really change despite the things that happen in their lives. This contrasts with the idea in the previous sentence about major life changes. The option is also a good summary of the whole idea of the text – the lesson she has learnt (That’s what Lauren and I learnt that day …) – so it fits well in this concluding paragraph.

Exercise 6 1a 2b 3b 4a 5a T HINK

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Page 72 GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context

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Students’ own answers

Page 73 VOCABULARY Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript I first met Nadia when she moved in next door. We got on really well straight away, started walking to school together and soon made friends. We would share all our secrets and gossip about the boys in our class. Even when we argued, it never took long before one of us would forgive the other one, and when I was having some trouble at school, I knew I could rely on Nadia to help me get through it. When we were both 18, we went to different universities and then she moved to Sweden and got married. After that, we lost touch. But two years ago, I got a friend request from her on Facebook.

1a 2b 3a 4a 5b 6b

We started chatting online and she confided in me that she sometimes felt quite lonely in Sweden, so I suggested visiting her. A few weeks later, I flew to Stockholm to see her. I really admired her for moving abroad and learning a language, which I knew wasn’t easy. I knew she appreciated my visit but I was just really pleased that I could support her like she had done with me. After all, it’s important to be able to count on your friends.

Exercise 2

Exercise 2

1 waited, waiting 4 been dancing, had (been dancing) 6 been knowing, known 7 listen, been Listening

Answers/Audioscript 1 assistance 2 development 3 encouragement 4 existence 5 friendship 6 membership 7 partnership 8 performance 9 preference 10 relationship

In the first sentence, the writer uses the past perfect to describe an action that happened before the main past time in the story. In the second sentence, the writer uses the past perfect continuous to describe a situation continuing up to a moment in the past.

Exercise 1

Exercise 3 1 had been crying 2 had been arguing 3 had happened 4 had forgotten 5 hadn’t bought 6 had done 7 hadn’t forgotten 8 had been joking 9 had got

Exercise 3 1 friendships/relationships 2 relationship/friendship 3 encouragement/assistance 4 assistance/encouragement 5 partnership 6 development

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STUDENT’S BOOK |

a lot – change house/flat, travel around / relocate. C I made friends while we were on holiday. Friends – mate/ colleague/pal/companion. On holiday – go away / go abroad / travel to another country. D My friends usually introduce me to other people. Introduce – present / get together / meet. E I feel more comfortable making friends online. Comfortable – easy/enjoyable/happy/relaxed. F I follow the advice someone once gave me. Advice – opinion/ encouragement/guidance/ instruction. G My experience has made me nervous around new people. Nervous – anxious/quiet / not confident / embarrassed/shy. H I generally wait for the other person to start a conversation. Start a conversation – start chatting / begin talking to someone.

Exercise 4 Answers/Audioscript 1 (f ) For me, my heroes are people I look up to and admire, such as my friend Josh, who has had a difficult life. 2 (c) People tell me that I take after my dad, but I think I’m more like my mum. 3 (b) I decided to go round to my friend’s house to see what she was doing. 4 (d) It’s important to try to get along with people, even if you’re not close friends. 5 (g) Polly was ill, so we dropped in to see her on our way home. 6 (a) If you want to make new friends, you have to keep on trying and you’ll find people you like. 7 (h) Elena took her friend’s letter, ripped it up and threw the pieces onto the fire. 8 (e) When Daisy walked out of the party, I ran after her to apologise for what I had said.

Exercises 4 & 5

Exercise 5 1 look up to: admire, respect, think highly of 2 take after: look or act like a parent or grandparent 3 b (go round to: visit) 4 get along with: have a good relationship with 5 drop in: visit, often on the way to somewhere else 6 keep on: continue 7 rip up: tear into pieces 8 run after: follow quickly

Page 74 LISTENING Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1c 2b 3f 4e 5a 6d

Exercise 3 A It’s difficult for me to make new friends. Difficult – not easy / hard/complicated/tough. Make new friends – meet new people / get to know someone new. B I’ve learnt to make friends because we’ve moved a lot. Learn – study / pick up / train. Move

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Speaker 1 C (… it’s different when I’m abroad … Last year, I met a couple of girls from Italy … We spent the whole two weeks together … It was a shame when we all had to go home … We’ve kept in touch …) Speaker 2 E (I’m on one or two social networking sites, and I’m more relaxed there. I don’t know – maybe it’s because I can’t see the person I’m communicating with.) Speaker 3 A (… I don’t really try to make new friends very often. I find it tough because I’m quite quiet and don’t really know what to say.) Speaker 4 G (… how difficult it can be … I’ve had one or two problems … I can get quite anxious around people I don’t know. It began when I tried to start a conversation with someone on a train once. They just ignored me, and I felt really embarrassed.) Speaker 5 B (My mum’s in the army … she was sent all over the place, and of course the rest of the family … I’d often find myself in a class of strangers, so I had to either make new friends or be on my own …)

THINK |

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Page 75 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context 1 even 2 despite 3 However

Exercise 1 1 arguing 2 even though 3 Despite 4 Although 5 despite 6 However

Exercise 2 Accept all correct answers, including: 1 Although she doesn’t have many friends, Grace is happy. / Grace is happy although she doesn’t have many friends. 2 Grace doesn’t have many friends. However, she is happy. / Grace doesn’t have many friends. She’s happy, however. 3 Even though he is quite friendly, Rob doesn’t get along with his brother. / Rob doesn’t get along with his brother even though he is quite friendly. 4 In spite of being quite friendly, Rob doesn’t get along with his brother. / In spite of the fact that he is quite friendly, Rob doesn’t get along with his brother. / Rob doesn’t get along with his brother in spite of being quite friendly. / Rob doesn’t get along with his brother in spite of the fact that he is quite friendly.

Exercise 3 1 although / even though 2 However 3 Although / Even though 4 Despite / In spite of 5 despite / in spite of 6 However THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

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Students’ own answers

Page 76 SPEAKING Exercise 1 1 Darius thinks that the qualities of a good friend are being friendly and caring and being there for you if you need them.

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STUDENT’S BOOK | Ally thinks that the qualities of a good friend are being supportive and trustworthy. Jack thinks that the qualities of a good friend are honesty and trust. Tilly and Zoe agree that the qualities of a good friend are being generous and caring. 2 Ally says that having a good sense of humour is really important in a friendship because if you’re having a bad day a friend can cheer you up. Jack and Zoe agree that having a good sense of humour really helps in a friendship.

5 spite of disagreeing 6 takes after his father

Pages 78–79 WRITING Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 Students’ own answers

Exercise 3

Students’ own answers

1 past perfect continuous: I had been waiting … The writer uses this tense to describe an action continuing up to a moment in the past. 2 past simple: … when I suddenly realised … The writer uses this tense to describe a completed action in the past. 3 past continuous: The train was slowly leaving the platform, … The writer uses this tense to describe the background action in a story. The action was in progress, not completed. 4 present simple: It arrives at West Station in … The writer uses this tense in direct speech to describe a scheduled event. 5 past perfect simple: I had passed West Station earlier, … The writer uses this tense to describe something that happened before the main past time of the story.

Exercise 7

Exercise 4

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 Are you saying that you think …? [Tilly 02:17] 2 What do you mean when you say …? [Darius 00:55] 3 Could you give me an example? [Darius 01:14] 4 Do you mean that …? [Zoe 01:54] 5 Could you explain exactly what you mean? [Ally 00:43] 6 Sorry, but I don’t really see your point. [Jack 01:47]

Exercise 3 Students’ own answers

Exercise 4 Students’ own answers

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Exercise 6

Page 77 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1c 2a 3b 4c 5a 6b

Exercise 3 1 Question 1 2 Question 4

Exercise 4 1 have/’ve never been to 2 you aware of 3 despite living many 4 that I had caused

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Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Exercise 7 Students’ own answers

Exercise 8 Students’ own answers

Exercise 9 Students’ own answers

UNIT 8 Pages 80–81 READING Exercise 1 Suggested answers Problems you could have on the way up and down: you could get lost, the weather could change suddenly, you could fall and injure yourself, etc. Things you should take with you: compass, map, guidebook, flashlight, batteries, ropes, a backpack, a helmet, insulated clothing, hiking boots, climbing harness, a mobile phone, hat, gloves, axe, water bottles, knife, camera, lighter, first aid kit, etc.

Exercise 2 1 strenuous 2 visit it 3 to visit the movie locations 4 impressed

Exercise 4 1 B (Sir Edmund Hillary trained here for his amazing 1953 Everest climb.) 2 C (I tried to be happy for my family’s sake, but I only relaxed once we were back on the ground.) 3 D (… pack your winter clothing!) 4 A (I visited it as part of a school project …) 5 C (Every time I looked down, I felt dizzy, and as a result, I lost my appetite.) 6 D (I had expected to see the huge film sets but of course, they were dismantled once filming had finished.) 7 A (If you are interested in doing the trail, book in advance as there are limited places, avoid the rainy season (October–April) and consider taking tablets to deal with the altitude.) 8 B (There are six main routes – some more difficult than others …)

Exercise 5 1 the average level of the sea in relation to the land 2 the height of a place or thing above sea level 3 going up

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STUDENT’S BOOK | 4 a very tall machine used for lifting or moving heavy objects and building tall buildings 5 the benefit or good of someone or something 6 the scenery and props as arranged for shooting a film 7 natural things such as trees, hills and lakes that you can see in a particular place 8 extremely impressive or beautiful THINK |

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Page 83 VOCABULARY Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript 1 a volcano 2 a cliff 3 coast 4 a path 5 a slope 6 a summit 7 a valley 8 a mountain range 9 a waterfall 10 a stream

Suggested answers Environment, living conditions, agriculture, percentage of Earth that is mountainous, mountain activities, mountains on other planets, famous mountain ranges, tourism, endangered animals, national parks, hydroelectric power, the origins of mighty rivers, volcanoes, etc. There are many other possibilities; accept all other sensible suggestions.

Exercise 2

Exercise 4

1 by 2 of 3 with 4 as 5 in/with 6 by

Answers/Audioscript 1 She warned me against going rock climbing and abseiling. 2 She said: ‘Carol, what’s the purpose of going all the way up, just to come down again?’ 3 But when Angie picked me up, I actually felt optimistic about it and thought we’d have a great day. 4 What I was lacking in experience I’d make up for with enthusiasm. 5 I wasn’t worried at all – I knew the instructors specialised in dealing with novices. 6 After we’d checked there was nothing wrong with the way I’d attached my harness, I started my descent. 7 I didn’t realise you’ve got to be careful not to crash into the

Exercise 1

Exercise 3 1 is/’s called 2 is/’s located 3 has never been reached / is never reached 4 is often referred / has often been referred 5 is considered 6 are usually attempted / have usually been attempted 7 was first conquered 8 has been reached 9 have been killed / were killed THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE |

Students’ own answers

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LISTENING

1 stream 2 path 3 summit 4 slopes 5 cliff 6 coast

1 dozens of people are rescued from the steep slopes 2 are usually taken to hospital by helicopter / are usually taken by helicopter to hospital 3 was carried up the mountain by ponies / was carried by ponies up the mountain 4 the path to the summit made 5 should only be climbed in the spring and summer / should be climbed only in the spring and summer / should be climbed in the spring and summer only

1 are 2 been 3 is 4 were

Page 84 Exercise 1

Answers/Audioscript 1 Our arrival at the summit was greeted with cheers. 2 Their departure from base camp was delayed due to bad weather. 3 We’ve got no choice. We’ll have to turn back. 4 I want everyone on their best behaviour. 5 I loved her description of the view from the top. 6 We’d better find a solution soon or we’ll be stuck here all night. 7 There’s a huge variety of plants and flowers on the lower slopes. 8 We need to make a decision about our geography project. 9 I’ve come to the conclusion that rock climbing isn’t for me. 10 You’ll notice a wide variation in temperature from day to night.

GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context

rock face as you go down, and secondly that you can get stuck. 8 After I’d been hanging there for several minutes – with no shelter from the driving rain – I knew I was in serious trouble.

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

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Answer key

Exercise 2 1 tend 2 sense 3 seems 4 disagree 5 mind 6 ask 7 Personally 8 view

Exercise 3 and 4 1 climates 2 (different) scientific organisations 3 define 4 Europe and Asia / Asia and Europe 5 complicated 6 (complete) (mountain) range 7 valley 8 21,000 / twenty-one thousand metres THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE |

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Page 85 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context 1 topic 2 mountains 3 geography, research

Exercise 1 1 is 2 was 3 were 4 ’s/is 5 amazes 6 look

Exercise 2 1 time 2 little 3 few 4 much 5 many 6 a few

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STUDENT’S BOOK |

Exercise 3

Exercise 3 1 – 2 a 3 the 4 the 5 – 6 the/an 7 – 8 – 9 the 10 – 11 the 12 a 13 the 14 an 15 – THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

B1+

Answer key

ME

Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 positive noun

Students’ own answers

mature

maturity

Exercise 7

perfect

perfection

Students’ own answers

possible

possibility

Exercise 8

responsible responsibility

Students’ own answers

negative noun

Page 86 SPEAKING Exercise 1 1 Emma and David mention abseiling and water skiing. Sureni and Aaron mention rock climbing, abseiling and skiing. 2 Emma and David think water skiing is the most dangerous, expensive and fun to watch. Sureni and Aaron think that skiing is the most expensive and the most exciting to watch, but they think that rock climbing is the most dangerous. 3 Students’ own answers.

mature

immaturity

perfect

imperfection

possible

impossibility

responsible irresponsibility

Exercise 1

1 death 2 choice 3 responsibility 4 behaviour 5 arrival 6 treatment 7 departure 8 description(s)

1 existence 2 relationships 3 friendship 4 encouragement 5 assistance 6 behaviour 7 choice 8 decision

WRITING

Exercise 3 Students’ own answers

Exercise 4 1 In 2 tend 3 ask, don’t 4 concerned 5 say

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Page 87 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 depth 2 death 3 growth 4 length 5 strength 6 truth 7 warmth 8 width 9 youth

Exercise 2

Students’ own answers

1 is 2 much 3 isn’t 4 number 5 few 6 was 7 are 8 a little 9 are 10 iron

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Suggested answers 1 It was lovely to hear from you! 2 I’m glad you’re settling in well at your new school. 3 So, your project on mountains sounds interesting! 4 As you know, I live in the city … 5 … which is a 2-hour drive from where I live. 6 We went there on a school trip recently. 7 It’s great because it’s really high, but there’s a railway up to the top so you don’t have to spend hours walking and climbing to get there. The view is stunning – you can see for miles. They have lots of telescopes up there, so you can see things far away in great detail. 8 There are loads of things you can do there, including horse-riding, rock climbing, mountain-biking and even whitewater rafting. 9 We didn’t do anything like that on our trip … 10 I hope that’s useful for you.

1 – 2 a 3 a 4 an 5 the 6 – 7 The 8 the 9 – 10 a

Exercise 1

These expressions are heard on the video: as far as I’m concerned … [Emma 00:50], I (don’t) agree with (you) that [Emma 01:05 / Aaron 0:26], if you ask me … [David 00:41], in my opinion … [Sureni 01:18], Personally … [David 00:45]

Pages 90–91

Exercise 4

Pages 88–89

Exercise 2

PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 7–8

Exercise 3 1 informal 2 one 3 no

Exercise 4 Students’ own answers

Exercise 4 1d 2b 3g 4e 5f 6c

Exercise 5 1 be given 2 has just been climbed 3 was built 4 are always checked 5 being rescued 6 to be given

Exercise 6 1 was given to us by 2 had been climbing for 3 warned you against taking 4 are lacking in experience 5 find a solution to

UNIT 9 Pages 92–93 READING Exercise 1 Suggested answers Musical instruments: clarinet, cello, drums, double bass, flute, French horn, (electric, bass) guitar, (grand) piano, saxophone, trumpet, violin, etc. Different genres of music: classical, disco, hip hop, electronic, funk, jazz, pop, rap, reggae, rock, soul, etc.

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

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STUDENT’S BOOK | Exercise 2

Exercise 2

Students’ own answers

Suggested answers 1 sitting / that they sit right at the front 2 to play a solo in the concert the next/following day 3 breaking / having broken the music stand

Exercise 3 a1 b5 c7 d4 e2 f6 g3

Exercise 4 a an opinion b Ruisi’s life c Ludlow’s life d Ludlow’s opinion e Ruisi’s opinion f the violin g fact

Exercise 3 Suggested answers 1 ‘I’ve never been to a better school concert than the one last night,’ said Jim. 2 ‘Henry, what did you think of the concert and did you enjoy it?’ asked Lucy. 3 ‘I’m really sorry I missed the concert and/but (I promise) I’ll come to the next one,’ Lucy’s mum told her.

Exercise 5 1 B Main ideas in this paragraph: the orchestra (synonym = ensemble) and the rare instrument, the Stradivarius or Strad. Pronoun reference = He refers to the 18-year-old, referring back to Roberto in paragraph 1. 2 C Main idea in this paragraph: biographical details about Ludlow’s life in the past tense. Key linker = After that. 3 G Main idea in this paragraph: parallels between Ludlow’s and Ruisi’s early life. Key linker = As well as. 4 F Main idea in this paragraph: the instrument. Pronoun reference = It (the Strad). 5 A Main idea in this paragraph: Ruisi talks about Ludlow and playing the Strad. Key words = To me. 6 D Main idea in this paragraph: Ludlow Speaking about how Ruisi is a more accomplished violinist at the same age. Key words = Robbie referring to Roberto.

Page 95 VOCABULARY Exercise 1

Exercise 6 1 on tour 2 veteran 3 high-profile 4 concert venues 5 composer 6 accomplished 7 applaud 8 fiddle THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

ME

Students’ own answers

Page 94 GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context 1b 2b

Exercise 1 1 was 2 that 3 thought 4 had 5 were 6 would 7 night 8 would 9 not 10 him 11 wouldn’t 12 him

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Answers/Audioscript 1 c ‘as fit as a fiddle’ means ‘healthy’ 2 f ‘rings a bell’ means ‘is familiar’ 3 a ‘drum up some support for’ means ‘get people interested in’ 4 d ‘face the music’ means ‘accept the criticism or punishment’ 5 b ‘play it by ear’ means ‘do something without preparation’ 6 e ‘changed his tune’ means ‘changed an opinion or attitude’ 7 h ‘blows her own trumpet’ means ‘boasts, talks proudly about oneself’ 8 (g) ‘make a song and dance about’ means ‘complain about something, make a fuss’

Exercise 2 Students’ own answers

Exercise 3 Answers/Audioscript 1 Lily said she was thinking of going in for the school singing competition. 2 After that, Ludlow went on to lead orchestras at the Royal Opera House and the English National Opera. 3 Let’s put on an end-of-term musical. It’ll be great fun!

4 Charlotte had to drop out of the violin competition when she broke her arm. 5 Max entered a piano competition for teenagers but got knocked out in the first round. 6 Are you sure you want to organise the school concert? It’s a huge amount of responsibility to take on. 7 The school talent show’s coming up again soon. What shall we do this year? 8 I don’t want to give away any secrets, but we’ve got a surprise guest performing at the concert tonight.

Exercise 4 Answers/Audioscript 1 accountant 2 applicant 3 assistant 4 attendant 5 consultant 6 contestant 7 cyclist 8 guitarist 9 journalist 10 optimist 11 participant 12 perfectionist 13 pianist 14 servant 15 specialist 16 violinist

Exercise 5 1 specialist 2 attendant 3 journalist 4 applicant 5 optimist 6 consultant /specialist

Page 96 LISTENING Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 A

Exercise 3 Suggested answers Only note down key information (content words not function words, e.g. nouns not verbs and adjectives), use of abbreviation (e.g. mth for month).

Exercises 4 and 5 1 6/six months 2 surprised 3 voice 4 6.45 (a.m./am) / quarter to seven 5 sociable 6 screens 7 fear 8 out of tune THINK |

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I think they are playing the piano because they might be a musician. They might be wearing a mask just to be different or perhaps they are playing a song about a horse.

Page 97 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context If she’d just said Tell me your name and address and Give me three words that describe your character, the interviewer wouldn’t have made any grammatical mistakes. She’d just have been more direct and correspondingly less polite.

Jordan That could be a backpacker that has decided to sit down and play the keyboard. They are playing the keyboard to fellow backpackers during the hike to perhaps cheer up the other backpackers because they are tired. They could be wearing the mask to keep their ears warm because it’s cold.

Exercise 1 1 know 2 wonder 3 grateful 4 like 5 Could

Exercise 2 1 I’d like you to tell us/me when you first started playing. 2 I wonder (if you could tell us/me) what you like and dislike about being famous. 3 Could you tell us/me how you travel around the country? 4 I’d like to know when your next video is coming out./Do you know when your next video is coming out? 5 I’d be grateful if you could tell us/me what your plans for the future are. / are your plans for the future.

Exercise 3 1a 2a 3c 4c 5a T HINK

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Students’ own answers

1 It’s not totally clear, but one possibility is that … [Drea 00:49] 2 This is a photo of … [Sophie 01:19] 3 It’s difficult to say, but … [Sophie 01:57] 4 Perhaps/Maybe [Sophie 02:01] 5 I’m not really sure, but … [Jordan 02:43] 6 He/She/They might be [Maisie 03:23]

Exercise 4

Exercise 1 Drea The person is a musician playing a keyboard He/she is playing a keyboard and might be performing to an audience. The person may be wearing a mask because they could be shy and lack confidence and want to create a distance between themselves and the audience.

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Exercise 2

Students’ own answers

SPEAKING

Sophie This is a person in a horse mask playing a game on a laptop or typing.

Maisie It could be a musician playing on the street. They might be playing piano or keyboard to entertain people walking by on the street. They could be wearing a mask to look comical and make other people laugh.

Exercise 3

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1 clear 2 may/might/could 3 Perhaps/Maybe 4 option/possibility 5 could/might/may 6 difficult/hard

Exercise 5 Suggested answers 1 The people in the first picture might be carol singers or members of a singing group. The people in the second picture might be a group of friends or in an organisation. 2 The people in both pictures might be singing to raise money for charity. 3 The people in the first picture might be outside someone’s house or a school. In the second

picture it looks as if the people are out in the street. 4 The people in the first picture might be feeling a bit nervous as there aren’t many of them so if they make a mistake, it would be obvious. The people in the second picture look as if they are feeling happy or excited.

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Exercise 7 Students’ own answers

Page 99 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1b 2c 3c 4c 5b 6b 7a 8c

Exercise 3 1 and 7

Exercise 4 1C 2D 3D 4A 5D 6B 7C 8B THINK | RESEARCH |

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Students’ own answers

Pages 100–101 WRITING Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 Anyone looking for an exciting film with loads of great songs and an incredible cast, older teenagers, people who like musicals. 2 Younger teenagers and children, people who don’t like musicals. 3 It’s exciting, has loads of great songs, an incredible cast, it’s based on the award-winning stage musical, the cast, songs and singing are fantastic, particularly when Anne Hathaway sings the most famous song from the musical, I Dreamed A Dream. 4 Are you looking for …If you are …, exciting, great, incredible, It isn’t difficult to see why!, fantastic, I would definitely recommend …, if you do, you won’t be disappointed!

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2 crowds (cheering) (Also, forget about penguins or crowds cheering you along the route – no penguins live this far south.) 3 a fleece (layer) (They suggest three layers for the upper body: a thermal layer, then a fleece layer underneath a windproof jacket.) 4 approach companies (and organisations) (for sponsorship) (The organisers are very aware that it’s too expensive for most people, so they encourage potential entrants who haven’t got enough money to approach companies and organisations for sponsorship.) 5 the toughest of athletes (… then you might be interested in the 100 km ‘ultra race’ held a couple of months later, in January. As the organisers say, this ultramarathon challenge is reserved for only the toughest athletes.)

Exercise 3 Students’ own answers

Exercise 4 Students’ own answers

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Exercise 7 Students’ own answers

UNIT 10 Pages 102–103 READING Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 urban 2 typical 3 battling 4 organisers 5 route

Exercise 3

THINK |

Suggested answers 1 mild 2 because it’s on snow and ice at –20 °C 3 strong winds (from the South Pole) 4 Don’t expect to run your quickest time. 5 penguins or crowds cheering you

Suggested answers 1 (battling) (strong) winds (But it’s far from a typical marathon, with runners often battling strong winds from the South Pole. As the organisers state: ‘Don’t expect to run your quickest time …’)

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Page 104 GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context 1 so 2 such, that 3 too 4 enough 5 much

Exercise 1

The idea is expressed in these sentences: But it’s far from a typical marathon, with runners often battling strong winds from the South Pole. As the organisers state, ‘Don’t expect to run your quickest time. …’

Exercise 5

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Students’ own answers

Exercise 4

Runners is a synonym for entrants and Don’t expect to run your quickest time is a synonym for breaking their personal marathon time record. Therefore the answer is: (battling) (strong) winds.

B1+

Answer key

1 so 2 such a 3 too, such 4 so 5 enough 6 such a lot of 7 such 8 too much

Exercise 2 1 too 2 to 3 enough/much 4 so 5 so 6 that 7 such 8 that 9 enough 10 for THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

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Students’ own answers

Page 105 VOCABULARY Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript 1 sponsor: a person who gives money to an event or a person taking part in an event 2 participant: a competitor, entrant, person taking part

3 supporters: the people who watch a sporting event 4 medic: a person who gives medical help or treatment 5 leader: the person at the front of a race 6 winner: the person/team who comes first in a race or event 7 referee: the person in some sports who makes sure players obey the rules 8 fundraiser: a person who organises an event to collect money for charity 9 captain: the player who is in charge of a sports team 10 coach: the person who trains a sports person or team

Exercise 2 The other words are: competitor, an entrant, player, players, team

Exercise 3 Answers/Audioscript adjective deep noun depth verb deepen adjective high noun height, highness verb heighten adjective large noun largeness verb enlarge adjective long noun length verb lengthen adjective low noun low, lowness verb lower adjective strong noun strength verb strengthen adjective wide noun width verb widen

Exercise 4 1 height 2 strengthen 3 enlarge 4 length

Exercise 5 Answers/Audioscript 1 Emma ran a mile when Bob asked her to help him with his homework! 2 Elaine hit the ground running when she moved to a new school and immediately made some friends. 3 We’re so busy at work this week – I’m run off my feet. 4 The car’s been in the garage for months, so it’ll be good to get it up and running again.

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STUDENT’S BOOK | 5 We’ve been running around in circles trying to decide what to do the project on. 6 The first day of the course went well. In fact, I’d say we got off to a running start. 7 By not revising, you’re really running the risk of failing the test. 8 Phil wants to record ten songs and hasn’t even written one yet. He’s trying to run before he can walk!

Exercise 6 Suggested answers run a mile: do anything to avoid doing something hit the ground running: immediately work very hard and be successful at the start of an activity be run off your feet: be worked very hard up and running: working again run around in circles: to waste time in aimless activity, doing the same thing over again get off to a running start: have an initial advantage when starting something new run the risk of: be in a situation in which something bad could happen try to run before you can walk: try to do something difficult before you’ve learnt the basic skills

Page 106 LISTENING Exercise 1 Suggested answers 1 running in a fun run or race 2 to raise money for charity / to have fun 3 they look like they’re having a great time / having fun / enjoying themselves

Exercise 2 1T 2 F 3T

Exercise 3 1 doing my homework 2 watching TV 3 often go

Exercise 4 1 C (I was doing my homework in the kitchen after school, and my dad was watching TV in the living

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Answer key

room. An item came on the local news about the park where my friends and I often go after school.)

Exercise 5 1 C (I was doing my homework in the kitchen … An item came on the local news about the park where my friends and I often go after school.) 2 B (If we hadn’t had the playground to play in, we would have been very bored. Kids need somewhere like that.) 3 A (… but the idea that they wouldn’t replace them … well, we didn’t agree with that …) 4 A (… my grandma sponsored me 5 euros per kilometre …) 5 A (We did better than that, actually. We needed 6,000. The final total was €6,745 …) THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN |

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Students’ own answers

Page 107 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context 1 Yes 2 No

Exercise 1 1 had/’d trained, have improved 2 would/could / might have finished, had not / hadn’t fallen 3 would/could / might have been cancelled, had not / hadn’t been 4 have participated, had cost 5 had not / hadn’t taken place, wouldn’t/couldn’t / might not have taken part 6 had / ‘d drunk, wouldn’t have been

Exercise 2 1 If Layla hadn’t fallen over during the race, she wouldn’t have hurt her leg. / Layla wouldn’t have hurt her leg if she hadn’t fallen over during the race. 2 Oliver would have won the race if he had entered. / If he had entered, Oliver would have won the race. 3 If I had had my trainers, I would have run. / I would have run if I had had my trainers. 4 If we hadn’t forgotten our tickets, we could have gone in. / We could

have gone in if we hadn’t forgotten our tickets. 5 I wouldn’t have got fit quickly if I hadn’t joined a gym. / If I hadn’t joined a gym, I wouldn’t have got fit quickly. 6 If I hadn’t lost my shoes, I wouldn’t have been late getting to the starting line. / I wouldn’t have been late getting to the starting line if I hadn’t lost my shoes.

Exercise 3 Suggested answers 1 If Mo’s father hadn’t met his mother on holiday, Mo wouldn’t have been born. 2 Mo might not have learned/learnt English if he hadn’t moved to England. 3 If his teacher hadn’t recognised his talent, Mo might not have focused/focussed on running. 4 He might not have won a European title if he hadn’t won national titles first. 5 If he had run faster in the Beijing Olympics, he might have reached the final. T HINK

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Students’ own answers

Page 108 SPEAKING Exercise 1 1 Darius ran a 5K race a long time ago. Zoe has never run in a marathon but she used to run in cross-country at school. Ally hasn’t; she only does short distance running. Tilly regularly runs in 5K races with a local running club that she belongs to. 2 Darius ran one race dressed as a giant banana, but he didn’t really enjoy it. Zoe and Ally have never run in fancy dress but would like to try. Tilly has never run in fancy dress and wouldn’t like to - she prefers running in her running gear. 3 Zoe and Ally haven’t taken part in any other sports competitions, but Darius plays on the school rugby team and Tilly takes part in triathlons.

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STUDENT’S BOOK | Exercise 2 1 To be honest, if you asked … [Darius 00:43] 2 No, but it sounds like fun. [Zoe 01:07] 3 It’s funny you should say that, because … [Ally 01:32] 4 Actually, we haven’t. I prefer … [Tilly 01:58] 5 Sadly no. I’d like to though. [Zoe 01:13] 6 I ran one race dressed as a giant banana, if that counts. [Darius 00:37]

Exercise 3 Students’ own answers

Exercise 4 Students’ own answers

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Page 109 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 2nd/second 2 3rd/third 3 zero 4 1st/first

Exercise 3 1d 2a 3b 4c

Exercise 4

B1+

Answer key

1 Becky takes part in a race but pulls out to help someone who’s had an accident. 2 Yes, it’s a good short story because it engages the reader, makes you want to read on, the plot has an element of excitement (the excitement of the beginning of the race, the excitement of how she’s going to handle the situation with Greg), and it concludes in a satisfying way. 3 It’s about right. Any more complicated, and you won’t come to a satisfying conclusion within the world limit. Any simpler, and it will seem too simplistic. 4 These things are unexplained: how far they’re running, where exactly they are, what their relationship is (friends? colleagues?), why Becky didn’t like Greg very much, how old they are (adults? teenagers?), whether there’s a prize, how Greg had his accident, how they will react to Becky’s decision, etc 5 It makes the story better as it encourages the reader to use their imagination. 6 It is appropriate, but maybe a little boring and predictable. 7 It’s satisfying. One criticism might be that it’s a little clichéd and predictable.

6 widen 7 accomplished 8 specialists

Exercise 2 1 on 2 out 3 off 4 out 5 on 6 round/up 7 on/off 8 away

Exercise 3 1 veteran 2 participant 3 composer 4 fiddle 5 winner 6 referee 7 venues 8 sponsor 9 applaud 10 medic

Exercise 4 1 had/’d known, have/’ve invited 2 have learnt/learned, had/’d had 3 had/’d trained, have/’ve done 4 have/’ve been, had taken

Exercise 5 1 knowing – know 2 is the nearest police station – the nearest police station is 3 you tell me – you could tell me 4 I like – I would like / I’d like 5 can I – I can 6 you could – if you could

Exercise 6 1 as fit as a fiddle 2 would have come to 3 go in for 4 denied breaking Ed’s 5 rings a bell

UNIT 11 Pages 114–115

Questions 3, 4 and 6 test conditionals.

Exercise 4 Students’ own answers

READING

Exercise 5

Exercise 5

Exercise 1

1 was such a successful marathon 2 is the depth of 3 if he hadn’t / had not run 4 enough money to enter 5 you run the risk of 6 if we hadn’t / had not been

Students’ own answers

Exercise 7

Suggested answers 1 & 2 Students’ own answers 3 baby-sitting, part-time shop work, part-time waiting on tables, dog-walking, etc.

Students’ own answers

Exercise 2

Exercise 8

Suggested answers 2 I said I was sorry for what I’d done wrong lots of times. 3 They told me I’d have to pay some money because of my mistake. 4 I was working there in the school holidays. 5 I was told to say some simple facts again by my boss. 6 By mistake, I showed her something that she wasn’t supposed to see.

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Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Pages 110–111 WRITING Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 9–10 Pages 112–113

Exercise 2

Exercise 1

Students’ own answers

1 applicant 2 perfectionist 3 length 4 pianist 5 violinist

Exercise 3 Suggested answers

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STUDENT’S BOOK |

B1+

Answer key

7 I looked at the text several times and thought it was correct. 8 Even today I frequently ask myself why I did that.

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Suggested answers 1 needn’t have (gone) (to the office) 2 can’t/couldn’t have seen Sophie yesterday 3 ought to have come back from her business trip 4 might have made some people redundant 5 should have asked for help 6 may have been interviewing job applicants 7 could have fired Amelia 8 ought to have called the office

1 (just) before university 2 pick … up 3 slight 4 wages 5 devastated 6 relief

Exercise 4 1 biggest 2 in a hurry 3 (to) sack 4 ✗ 5 ✗ 6 shortly

Exercise 5 1 B (it had cost the company a large amount of money) 2 D (I kept calling them to tell them how sorry I was.) 3 A (told me it was going to cost me my whole wages that summer.) 4 A (I was working in my dad’s garage for the summer just before university.) 5 C (he made me repeat them to him twice, just to be sure I’d got it right!) 6 B (I … sent it to the client’s main competitor instead!) 7 C (I’d read the letter so many times …) 8 D (I still have nightmares over this.) T HINK

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Page 116 GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context 1 can’t: We use can’t + perfect infinitive when we feel sure something didn’t happen in the past. 2 must: We use must + perfect infinitive when we feel sure about something in the past. 3 might: We use might + perfect infinitive when we are unsure about something in the past. 4 should: We use should + perfect infinitive to criticise our past actions.

Exercise 1 1 couldn’t 2 could/may 3 ought to 4 ought to; sentence 5 can’t be changed

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1 no 2 yes 3 no 4 yes 5 yes 6 yes 7 yes 8 yes

Exercise 3

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Students’ own answers

Page 117 VOCABULARY Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript nouns with -er: adviser, builder, lecturer, manager, newsreader, presenter, producer, reporter nouns with -or: actor, administrator, advisor, commentator, conductor, counsellor, director, editor, inspector, inventor, operator, sailor, supervisor The word that goes in both columns is adviser (advisor).

Exercise 2 1 lecturer 2 conductor 3 operator 4 actor 5 builder

Exercise 3 Answers/Audioscript 1 Our local bookshop was recently taken over by a large chain 2 Mr Hedges is ill, so he’s asked me to stand in for him at tomorrow’s meeting. 3 Hello, could you put me through to whoever’s responsible for customer complaints? 4 I find it impossible to get through the working day without some chocolate! 5 It’s very hard to get by on such low wages. 6 Dan, a problem’s come up with a customer and I need to talk to you about it.

7 Our manager asked us to put forward any ideas or suggestions we had. 8 She didn’t like my idea at first, but apparently she’s coming round to it now.

Exercise 4 Suggested answers 1 If one business takes over another, it buys it and takes control of it. 2 If you stand in for someone, you replace them temporarily and represent them. 3 If a receptionist puts you through to someone, they connect you using a phone network. 4 If you get through a situation, you successfully get to the end of it. 5 If you can get by, you can survive (often in terms of money, food, etc). 6 If a problem comes up, it arises, appears or happens. 7 If you put forward an idea/ suggestion/etc, you suggest it. 8 If you come round to an idea, you start to like and value it, or end up liking it after not liking it at first.

Exercise 5 Answers/Audioscript 1 told to leave a job: given the sack 2 for a limited period of time: temporary 3 money paid for work, usually based on hours/days worked: wages 4 jobs available: vacancies 5 periods of work time: shifts 6 without a job: unemployed 7 regular amount of money paid for work, usually paid monthly: salary 8 be without a job because the job didn’t exist anymore: was made redundant 9 about 35 hours a week or more: full-time 10 continuing without stopping or happening for a long time: permanent 11 less than about 35 hours a week: part-time 12 extra hours worked: overtime

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STUDENT’S BOOK | Page 118

Exercise 2 Suggested answers You can have your car repaired. You can have your house broken into. You can have your living room decorated. You can have your nose pierced. You can have your photograph taken. You can have a program installed. You can have your windows cleaned.

LISTENING Exercise 1 Students’ own answers too much work/responsibility, not being trusted, not paid enough, bad relationships with boss/ colleagues, long time to commute to/from work, get bored/tired, mistakes have consequences, lack of promotion, stress, etc.

Exercise 2 1 delighted 2 stressed 3 angry 4 guilty 5 confident

Exercise 3 Students’ own answers

Exercises 4 & 5 Speaker 1 E (… but some situations make me uncomfortable … In the end, I was nervous and didn’t really do a good job on the day …) Speaker 2 G (I was devastated when I saw what she’d written … it’s eating me up inside. It’s horrible!) Speaker 3 A (So, what I’m getting at is that I think it’s time they gave me quite a bit of a pay rise to reflect what I do for them.) Speaker 4 D (He makes things up that aren’t true, blames me for work he hasn’t done, that kind of thing … I just want it to stop.) Speaker 5 B (… but my boss won’t seem to consider it – even though he’s implementing other people’s ideas. It’s like I’m invisible and he just isn’t hearing my input.) T HINK

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Page 119 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context 1 F 2T

Exercise 1 3 have decorated my room – have my room decorated 5 stole – stolen 6 do – done 8 having delivered something – having something delivered

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Answer key

question … [Sureni 02:30], My first observation is that … [Aaron 00:41], to begin with … [Keith 02:42] Phrases used to compare (C) The key difference between the photos is … [Emma 01:22], The two photos differ in so far as … [Sureni 02:22], they have more things in common than differences. [Keith 02:53]

Exercise 3 Students’ own answers

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

1 having/getting it checked by 2 having/getting a/your photo taken 3 have/get it printed by 4 get a friend to give 5 get someone to video 6 having/getting your hair done

The correct order is: C A B

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Page 120 SPEAKING Exercise 1 Emma doesn’t talk about the similarities, she only talks about the differences. When she talks about them both enjoying their final presentation – that is in answer to the question: ‘say what you think the people enjoy about doing their job’. Not part of the answer to comparing the photos. Sureni only says what one person enjoys about their job: the chef. Aaron doesn’t compare the pictures at all; he describes each one separately. However, he does answer the question. Keith answers the question completely. He compares the pictures, talking about the similarities and differences and he answers the question. Emma only talks about differences – she doesn’t talk about similarities. Therefore she doesn’t answer the question completely

Exercise 5 Suggested answers 1 Both people have to prepare for work and they both speak in front of a lot of other people - the teacher talks to a class of students and the news reader talks to thousands or millions of people on television. 2 The teacher has been able to prepare his lesson beforehand but the news reader has to present the news as it happens and may not know what she is going to say until just before appearing on TV. The teacher is in a classroom and the news reader is in a TV studio. 3 The students may ask unexpected questions or they may get bored. The teacher needs to keep the students interested in the lesson. 4 The news reader might have to read very sad or upsetting news. The news reader must speak clearly and not make mistakes. She might feel nervous.

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Page 121 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2

Exercise 2

1 put 2 get 3 up 4 come 5 for 6 get 7 off 8 taken

Phrases used to organise (O) A final observation is that … [Aaron 00:50], and not forgetting the

Exercise 3 Gaps 2, 3, 5 and 7

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STUDENT’S BOOK |

UNIT 12

Exercise 4 1C 2C 3B 4A 5A 6B 7A 8B T HINK

Pages 124–125

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READING

Students’ own answers

Exercise 1

Pages 122–123

Students’ own answers

WRITING

Exercise 2

Exercise 1

Suggested answers Figures from history: Gandhi, John Lennon, Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Abraham Lincoln, Aung San Suu Kyi, Mother Theresa, etc. Characters in a film/book: Batman, Sherlock Holmes, Mulan, Jane Eyre, Katniss Everdeen, Bilbo Baggins, etc.

Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 student 2 expects and values 3 a formal 4 polite 5 serious 6 has 7 appropriate 8 know

Exercise 3 Suggested answers 1 Hi Sam, Bye for now!, Dave (i.e. first name only) 2 Thanks, you got, really cool, hope I get, Lots of, Anyway, how it goes 3 you’re, I think that’s, don’t, I’d, don’t you?, And don’t, they’re, you’re

Exercise 4 Task Task A B 1 Your letter/email will be informal. 2 You know the name of the person you are writing to.

✓

✓

✓

3 You only have to write one paragraph. 4 You should recommend a person, explaining why.

✓

5 You should give advice, expressing your opinion. 6 You will need to use your imagination to come up with ideas.

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Exercise 7 Students’ own answers

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✓

✓

B1+

Answer key

Exercise 3 1 They might include famous people from the worlds of sport and entertainment who we see as role models. We might also admire the achievements of great leaders or figures from history. 2 For instance, in Britain, the state awards honours to people twice each year, at New Year and on the monarch’s … official birthday. 3 You might expect that public figures like MPs would appear on the Honours List … 4 It’s a little more surprising, perhaps, to see charity workers and volunteers also being honoured. 5 The person may receive an honour such as an MBE (Member of the British Empire), an OBE (Order of the British Empire) or a knighthood, an honour that allows them to use the title ‘Sir’. The equivalent honour for women allows them to use the title ‘Dame’. 6 Another is Maria Hanson, who recently received an MBE for her charity work.

Exercise 4 1 include 2 instance 3 like 4 as 5 example

5 F, Since 2006, she has … 6 F, Maria and Gbolahan are …

Exercise 6 1 heroines (female heroes) 2 role models (people who are examples of good behaviour) 3 achievements (important things a person has done) 4 everyday (ordinary, usual) 5 all walks of life (of all different kinds and occupations) 6 nominate (suggest someone for a position, award, etc) 7 deserves (if you deserve something, it is right that you get it) 8 community (the people who live in an area) THINK | RESEARCH |

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Page 126 GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context 1b 2c 3a

Exercise 1 1 will be travelling 2 will have been working 3 will have left 4 will be going 5 Will you have finished 6 will you be doing

Exercise 2 1 will have been doing 2 should/will have finished 3 will have been announced 4 will have been waiting for 5 will (still) be sleeping 6 may/will have gone out

Exercise 3 1 ‘ll/will have been helping 2 ‘ll/will have handed 3 ‘ll/will be doing 4 ‘ll/will have travelled 5 ‘ll/will have been living 6 ‘ll/will be exploring

Page 127

Exercise 5

VOCABULARY

1 T, We think of them … 2 T, A list is announced … 3 F, If you believe someone … 4 F, The person may receive …

Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript Students should cross out friend – we add -ship to friend to form the noun friendship.

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STUDENT’S BOOK | The other words are: capitalism, criticism, favouritism, heroism, idealism, racism, tourism, vegetarianism

Exercise 2 1 heroism 2 racism 3 vegetarianism 4 favouritism 5 tourism 6 criticism

Exercise 3 1 egotism: a feeling of being more important than other people 2 sexism: the belief that men and women should be treated differently, e.g. with regard to jobs 3 magnetism: the ability to attract and interest people 4 escapism: something exciting that helps you forget about real life and its problems and Students’ own answers

Exercise 4 Answers/Audioscript 1 When Oscar got an OBE, it really made him proud of his achievements. 2 We should all do our duty and help those less fortunate than ourselves. 3 Local heroes can really make a difference to their community. 4 You should try to do good in the world and not worry about the rewards. 5 Stop making excuses and start trying to follow your role models. 6 Helping others makes sense because one day you might need help too. 7 It certainly won’t do you any harm to volunteer at the food bank from time to time. 8 Lily believes she’s doing the right thing by supporting her local charity.

Exercise 5 Suggested answers 1 make (somebody) proud: do something good that makes people who know you proud 2 do (your) duty: do jobs, tasks, etc. that are expected of you 3 make a difference: have an important/good effect on something 4 do good: do nice, helpful, positive things, often that help others

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5 make excuses: explain why you did something bad or did not do something you should have done 6 make sense: be practical and sensible 7 not do (you) harm: used to say what you think someone should do 8 do the right thing: do the correct/ best/proper thing

Exercise 2

Exercise 6

Exercises 3 & 4

Answers/Audioscript 1 Someone who is popular has lots of friends. Someone who is famous wellknown and may appear on TV, etc. 2 Someone who is unknown is not a famous person. Someone who is infamous is well-known for a negative reason. 3 Someone who is sympathetic is good at Listening to and understanding other people’s problems. Someone who is likeable has an attractive personality. 4 Someone who is polite uses language that shows respect, such as ‘please’ and ‘thank you’. Someone who is kind does nice things to help other people. 5 Someone who is ordinary is an everyday person, not unusual in any way. Someone who is typical of a sort of person is a good example of that sort of person. 6 Someone who is caring is kind, helpful and sympathetic. Someone who is careful thinks about what they are doing to avoid making mistakes. 7 Someone who is sensible does things in a reasonable and practical way. Someone who is sensitive does things in a caring way that is considerate of others.

1 A (I thought only real heroes like firefighters got awards.) 2 A (… it would be the fact that it can take up a lot of time … If only there were more hours in a day!) 3 A (Well, I’d never met anyone who was homeless until a man, Jake, came to our school and gave a talk … he suggested emailing the charity.) 4 B (They’re everyday people who listen to others and care about their problems …) 5 B (… find a charity that is close to your heart, one you feel strongly about.)

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Page 128 LISTENING Exercise 1

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Question 1: Sentence 1 C Sentence 2 A Sentence 3 B Question 2: Sentence 1 C Sentence 2 A Sentence 3 B

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Page 129 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context 1 introduced 2 were 3 wanted

Exercise 1 1 unless 2 Suppose/Imagine 3 Imagine 4 What 5 about 6 wish 7 rather 8 Did

Exercise 2 1 time they gave Mrs Jennings an award 2 I could help (but I can’t) 3 came on Thursday rather than Friday this week 4 if you would sponsor me for the charity bike ride 5 ‘d/had been to the local animal rescue centre, you’d know about the great work they do

Exercise 3 1 thought / were thinking 2 didn’t take 3 had 4 found 5 knew 6 trusted 7 did

Students’ own answers

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STUDENT’S BOOK |

Page 131

Page 130 SPEAKING

USE OF ENGLISH

Exercise 1

Exercise 1

Which heroes are mentioned? Patrick’s hero is the former manager of Manchester United football team, Sir Alex Ferguson. Nicky’s hero is her sister and Rachel’s hero is her mum. David’s hero is his best friend Michael, who was also best man at his wedding. Famous person or everyday hero? There are mostly everyday heroes. Only Patrick mentions a famous person and the other three speakers mention everyday heroes. Qualities of a hero Being successful and an expert in their job and inspiring other people to succeed / having lots of energy / being able to do a job (well) and bring up a family / coping with illness and physical problems (being in a wheelchair) while taking care of children and living a happy life / being kind and considerate, good fun and a good friend.

Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1 were 2 had been 3 does 4 is 5 has 6 was, be

Exercise 3 1 made A 2 had A 3 one M 4 making A 5 he M 6 make A

PROGRESS CHECK UNITS 11–12 Pages 134–135 Exercise 1 1 tourism 2 editor 3 manager 4 criticism 5 inspector 6 sympathetic 7 counsellor 8 administrator

Exercise 2

Exercise 4

1 through 2 up 3 through 4 in 5 forward

Gap 8

Exercise 3

Exercise 5

1 making 2 made 3 do 4 make / have made 5 do

1 made 2 was 3 would 4 been 5 be 6 were 7 have 8 their T HINK

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Pages 132–133

Exercise 4 1 took 2 didn’t chew 3 had 4 lived 5 had 6 knocked 7 was wondering 8 went 9 asked 10 was / were

Exercise 5

WRITING

1b 2e 3a 4d 5f 6c

Exercise 1

Exercise 6

Students’ own answers

1 he will be driving 2 We will have finished 3 she won’t have been working 4 No-one will be 5 they will have been selling 6 I will have put

Exercise 2 1 reason 2 Because 3 Therefore/Consequently/So 4 so/therefore

Exercise 2

B1+

Answer key

1 Shall we start with this one? [Patrick 00:11] 2 Do you think we should go for …? [Rachel 02:30] 3 Shall we move on to …? [David 02:02] 4 Should we consider …? [Nicky 00:32] 5 Do you agree that our first choice should be …? [Rachel 01:56] 6 It looks as (if) though we agree that we should choose … [Patrick 01:05] 7 I suggest our final choice should be … [Nicky 01:19]

Exercise 3

Exercise 3

Exercise 5

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Exercise 4

Exercise 6

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Exercise 2

Exercise 5

Exercise 7

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

b) 2 c) 1, 3 d) 2 e) 1, 3 f) 2 g)1 h) 1 i) 1, 2, 3 j) 1, 2, 3

Suggested answers 1 because they sometimes put their own lives at risk (and help people who are in trouble every day) 2 because they give up their free time to help other people 3 because they improve people’s lives and make the world better 4 because he/she believes the most important quality is being selfless rather than selfish

Exercise 4 Students’ own answers

Exercise 7 1 should not / shouldn’t have asked 2 had/got the report typed by 3 make a fuss 4 makes sense for 5 easy to get by

OPTIMISE YOUR EXAMS Pages 136–137 READING Exercise 1 1 b (Units 1, 5 and 6) 2 c (Units 2, 7 and 9) 3 a (Units 3, 8 and 11)

Exercise 3 Suggested answers: 2 What do we learn about Eddie in the final paragraph?

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STUDENT’S BOOK | A He felt the experience was positive, despite the problems. B He was looking forward to going on another trip soon. C He didn’t think the trip had taught him anything new. D He wishes he had taken more advantage of the whole experience.

Exercise 4 1C At that moment, Jane wasn’t even sure that she was old enough to buy a lottery ticket. She assumed she had to be 18. But that wasn’t the case and she won the big prize! 2E Most lottery winners prefer to remain anonymous and avoid public interest. However, Jane immediately went public. She let everyone know about her win by posting it on social media.

Exercise 5 3 and 5

Exercise 6 3 received funding in the text is similar to was given financial help 5 was given a prize in the text is similar to got an award

or phrases may not be relevant to getting the answer to a question right. 3 Encourage students not to panic and to move straight on to the next question so they don’t waste time. They can then go back to any questions they weren’t sure about and try to answer them once they are confident about their other answers. 4 It’s a good idea to make notes next to specific questions if students feel it is useful but again, there is no correct answer to this. Some useful notes could be words or phrases which are similar to those found in individual questions or line numbers of where the relevant information to answer a question might be found. 5 Most official exams require students to complete a separate mark sheet and no extra time is given for transferring answers from the Reading paper. Students must make sure that they leave time for this or do it as they go along.

Pages 138–139

D I’m less shy when I use it and it improves my performance. [not nervous, relaxed, play better/ well]

Exercise 7 B and D and students’ own answers

Exercise 8 1 In most Listening tests, including Cambridge First and First for Schools, each part is heard twice. 2 Small spelling mistakes are not a problem but the wording should be as clear as possible. 3 Yes. 4 Yes, usually about five minutes. 5 Move on to the next question in each individual part and then go back to see if you can complete the question after you listen the second time.

Pages 140–143 SPEAKING Exercise 1 2 free time 3 travel/places 4 the internet 5 family and leisure 6 holidays 7 daily routine 8 your town 9 friends and family 10 education

Exercise 2

LISTENING

The incorrect options all have words or phrases which are the same as in the text, but do not have the same overall meaning.

Exercise 1

1 There is no correct answer to this question but students should be aware of the time they have to complete the whole exam and try to divide up their time carefully with the number of tasks. It can be a good idea to start with the Reading task a student finds most difficult first and leave the easier task to the end. Students don’t need to do the different questions in a fixed order. They should try to leave a short time [five minutes to check through their answers at the end of the exam]. 2 If students don’t know a word, they should move on to read the whole text and questions. In many cases, the unknown words

Suggested answers: B 1, 3, 4 C 1, 3, 4 D 2 E 1, 3, 4 F 3 G 2 H 1, 2, 3, 4 I 1, 2, 3, 4

Exercise 3 C is the correct answer: To my mind, I don’t think we need to define it too closely …

Exercise 4 1 no 2 at the end

Student B – Julio

Exercise 2

Student A – Laura

1B 2D 3C 4A

Exercise 7

Optimise B1+

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Answer key

Which questions from Exercise 1 do they answer? 1, 8

4, 10

Do they extend their answers?

What interesting language do they use?

She extends her answers after being asked a follow-up question by the examiner.

‘ambience’ ‘… is like we’re all growing and always changing so there’s not really stable friendships.’ Yes. He ‘… mild offered detail climate – so about the er is not very climate in his cold but not city. too hot.’

Exercise 5

Exercise 3

1 several thousand 2 in the/a queue 3 having fun 4 application form 5 character

Do they speak clearly? Student A: Yes, most of the time. Student B: Yes, most of the time. Does the student stress the right words and parts of sentences? Student A: Yes, most of the time. Student B: Yes, most of the time.

Exercise 6 Suggested answers: C I perform my own songs but also work with other artists online. [play, sing, original music/ compositions, different musicians]

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STUDENT’S BOOK | Does the student use intonation correctly? Student A: Yes, most of the time. Student B: Yes, most of the time.

some errors with simple structures. Vocabulary and expressions: ‘… auditorium so [it] is more expensive’, ‘chill out’. Linking words: ‘in the first picture’, ‘here’, ‘but’ – He could have used a wider range of linking words.

Exercise 4 For more details about the Students’ performances see the Optimise Speaking Test Video Analysis.

Does the student talk for one minute? Does the student answer the question about the photographs? Student A: Yes. She talked for about a minute to answer the first question about the photographs. However, she could have extended her answer for the second question. Student B: No. He talked for approximately 40 seconds. The examiner repeated the question about the photos, and the student gave a brief answer to the question. He needs to ensure he speaks for the appropriate amount of time for each question and to offer relevant information in the first instance.

1 F 2 F 3T 4 F 5T 6T

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Exercise 6 Students’ own answers

Exercise 7 Does the student compare the photographs describing similarities and differences? Give examples. Student A: Yes: ‘And also in the second picture they are like in a bbq … So I think in the first and in the second erm … they’re having fun but the first is like all erm … with uniforms and in a building and in the seconds is it’s like all natural with their own clothes and …’. Student B: Yes: ‘I think it’s more formal music than the one in the picture below.’

Exercise 8 1 together 2 two minutes 3 have some time 4 discuss the points together 5 a minute 6 should try to agree 7 must 8 will

Does the student use a range of grammar structures, vocabulary and expressions, and linking words? Give examples. Student A: Grammar structures: She relied heavily on the present tense. A relative clause was used with the incorrect relative pronoun: ‘someone which’ – She could have used a wider range of grammar structures. It would have been better if she’d used more advanced language to speculate (could be, might be). Vocabulary and expressions: ‘relaxed’, ‘bbq’, ‘uniforms’, ‘it’s like all natural’. Linking words: She used ‘so’ and ‘because’ – She could have used a wider range of linking words. Student B: Grammar structures: He used some advanced structures: ‘… they might be practising …’. However, he made

Optimise B1+

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Answer key

It would be better if he could vary the way he invites his partner to talk. Student A responded with ‘interesting’ every time. She would benefit from varying her responses. She also said ‘I think it’s better if we eliminate the others and only keep two …’ 6 Student A: ‘Yes, that’s true but …’ Student B: ‘Yes, I agree with the explorer.’ 7 Student A: She asked questions about the clothes designer to express her thoughts about what a clothes designer does: ‘Why is this like fashion and this not? Why we have to wear this on each occasion?’ Student B: He tries to develop an opinion about why they should ‘eliminate’ the writer. He also adds to her final point about a clothes designer. He needed to add and develop more ideas. 8 In the second question, the students didn’t reach an agreement on the two people to choose, but they aren’t penalised on this in the exam.

Exercise 12

Exercise 9

Students’ own answers

Students’ own answers

Exercise 13

Exercise 10

Do schools prepare students well for the future world of work? What things might you need to consider before doing further studies or choosing a job? What’s more important – being happy in your job or earning a lot of money? Some people think in the future more and more people will work from home. What do you think? And if you could choose any job to do, what would it be?

Students should tick: C, D, F, G, H, K, L Accept all reasonable suggestions for examples of useful language.

Exercise 11 1 They did not always answer the question directly. They talked about who they would prefer to talk to, rather than what they could learn from the speakers. 2 They listened to each other and answered each other’s questions. 3 Yes, they talked about all options, but they did not answer the question. 4 Student A: She used ‘So …?’ and ‘Any ideas?’ to invite her partner to talk. Student B: He asked ‘What do you think?’ to invite his partner to talk. 5 Both of the students used ‘I think’, and Student B asked ‘What do you think?’ three times.

Exercise 14 1C 2A 3B

Exercise 15 Student A 1 She started off by saying ‘the most important things are accent’, giving a clear answer. However, she thought the speakers would be English speakers, and did not answer the first question directly.

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STUDENT’S BOOK | 2 She spoke fluently in response to the second question and addressed the question directly. She didn’t use ‘like’ or ‘er’ as much as in the other three parts. 3 ‘because’ and ‘but’ – She gives a realistic choice and contrasts it with her ideal choice: ‘I go like, medicine because I love er, helping people like him but if I could choose any work I could take astronaut’. 4 She mentioned technology to justify her answer to the question about more people working from home in future. 5 No. 6 She reacted to her partner’s opinion in the third question and added information: ‘I agree with him and I have to add …’. Student B 1 He didn’t address the first question coherently: ‘to talk about a job is [better] that someone to talk about a job is better than someone talks to you who works in the job’ and didn’t provide any reasons to clarify his position. 2 He hesitated and did not answer the first question coherently or the second question fully. 3 He used a conditional structure to connect and express his ideas: ‘I think it’s better to be happy in your job because if you are not, if you are not happy in what you are doing, you er, will be very sad, and … er you don’t want to be sad, so …’. 4 He didn’t provide any reasons to clarify his position in his answer to the first question. 5 No. 6 He mentions ‘robots’ in response to the question about more people working from home in the future, adding to Student A’s comment about technology.

Pages 144–145 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 1 a long time 2 B, takes 3 out 4 C, sort 5 accused 6 D, of

Optimise B1+

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Answer key

Exercise 2

Exercise 5

1 a relative pronoun 2 a phrasal verb 3 an auxiliary verb 4 a phrasal verb 5 a relative pronoun 6 a grammar structure 7 a phrasal verb 8 an auxiliary verb

The best plot is 2. It’s nice and simple and has some tension, which makes the story more interesting. The plot has a good chronological sequence of events and concludes well. The student can show the examiner that he/she knows a wide variety of Vocabulary and tenses. Plot 1 includes the idea of a surprise but does not include a family event. It is simple and of limited interest, and can be told using only past simple sentences.

Exercise 3 1 where 2 out 3 had 4 up 5 when 6 so 7 went 8 would

Exercise 4 1 1, 4, 5, 6 and 8 2 3, 7 3 2

Exercise 5 1 complexity 2 gradually 3 creative 4 performance 5 criticism 6 assistance 7 sensible 8 weakness

Exercise 6 A2 B4 C1 D6 E5 F3

Exercise 7 1 was successful in landing 2 fallen out with 3 up to my neck 4 made fun of 5 got away with 6 had her face painted

Exercise 8 1 a, b, c 2 d 3 c 4 a 5 a, b, c 6 c 7 d 8 b 9 d 10 a, b, c, d

Pages 146–147 WRITING Exercise 1 1 b, c 2 a, b 3 a, c 4 a, c

Exercise 2

Exercise 6 Individually, students tick the possible stages of writing they should do in the 40-minute time limit for each writing task. Ask them to say how much time they should spend on them.

Exercise 7 Suggested answers: Make a paragraph plan and notes: 5 minutes Write first draft and final draft: 30 minutes Count number of words: Students shouldn’t worry about counting the exact number of words. Most people write 10–12 words per line, so for 190 words, students should write about 15 lines. It’s OK if they run over by 20–25 words. Check for mistakes: 5 minutes

1b 2d 3e 4c 5a

Exercise 3 1B 2A 3C 4B 5A 6C

Exercise 4 The best plan is 1. It covers both prompts in the task and introduces a third idea. The main ideas in Plan 1 are interesting and relevant, and show how the writer will go on to develop his/her arguments. In addition, the writer has planned a concluding paragraph where he/ she can restate the main ideas and summarise his/her opinion. Plan 2 doesn’t cover everything in the question. The writer also includes ideas which are not relevant to the task and there is no conclusion.

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