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Grammar: Verb Tense Review 1. We use the present continuous (be + verb + -ing) to talk about      something that's happening right now or these days.     Jackie: I'm working on an idea for a commercial right now.

       2. We use the simple present to talk about something that      happens every day or all the time.     Talia works at Newsline.

     3. We also use the simple present with non-action verbs like      know, believe, want, and like--even when we're talking about      something that's happening right now.     Talia: I want to hear more about this commercial.     We do NOT say: X I'm wanting to hear.   4. We can also use the simple present when we tell a story-    even if the story is about the past. The simple present makes the      story more dramatic.     Nick: She meets me in the lobby, we shake hands, and she      takes me out to lunch. 5. We usually use the simple past to talk about something that      happened in the past and is finished.

    Nick: I told you about that before.

       6. We often use the simple past with time expressions that refer      to a specific time in the past (for example: last year, in 1999,      10 years ago).     Nick met Jackie several months ago. 7. We use the present perfect (have + the past participle) to talk      about something that happened at some time in the past (but not      at a specific time).     Talia: One of Nick's teammates has framed him.     We also use the present perfect with for or since to talk about      something that started in the past and continues to the      present.     We use the present perfect with for and a length of time to      show how long the situation has been going on.     Nick has been here for two hours.     We use the present perfect with since and a point of time to      show when the situation started.     Nick has been here since 7:00.

     8. We often use the present perfect with words like already, yet,      just, recently, and lately.     Nick: I've already told you.  

9. We can also use the present perfect continuous (have +      been + verb + -ing) to talk about something that started in the      past and continues to the present.     Talia: I've been thinking about this all day.

     10. As with the present perfect, we often use the present perfect        continuous with for and since.       Talia has been working on this story for a few days.       She has been working on the story since last Monday.       Remember, we usually don't use continuous forms with non      action verbs.       We do NOT say: X Talia has been having a headache all day.   11. We can use be going to or will to talk about the future.       Talia: I'll call you tomorrow.       Talia is going to call her mother tomorrow.

      

Grammar: Negative Yes-No Qs and Tag Qs 1 Match the first part of the sentence with the second part. Drag and drop the answer into the correct blank. 7/7 100% 

is he is she haven't you isn't he Won't she

Didn't they Wasn't she 1 You've met Nick Crawford,  Respuesta correcta: haven't you haven't you?  2 He's a player on the national team,  Respuesta correcta: isn't he isn't he?  3  Respuesta correcta: Didn't they Didn't they lose the game last year?  4 Talia isn't a reporter,  Respuesta correcta: is she is she?  5  Respuesta correcta: Wasn't she Wasn't she at the meeting last week?  6  Respuesta correcta: Won't she Won't she be home tomorrow night?  7 Nick isn't guilty,  Respuesta correcta: is he is he? 

Seth:

You've eaten at Valentino's before.  Respuesta incorrecta: Is not. Respuesta del sistema: Isn't it Is not Isn't it  (be) a great restaurant? 

Eva:

Respuesta correcta: Yes

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Yes . I love it. Seth:



2



3

You're not eating much.  Respuesta correcta: Aren't you Aren't you  (be) hungry? 

Eva:

Respuesta correcta: No No . I ate too much for lunch.

Seth:

I love soccer. What about you?  Respuesta incorrecta: Don't you. Respuesta del sistema: Don't you like Don't you Don't you like  (like) soccer? 

Eva:

Respuesta correcta: No No . I only like baseball. 

Eva:

I'm not that interested in soccer, but I am following the Crawford story. 

Seth: Respuesta incorrecta: Is not. Respuesta del sistema: Isn't it Is not Isn't it

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 (be) terrible? Eva:

Respuesta correcta: Yes Yes . I feel sorry for Crawford's team.



Seth:

Jason likes soccer,  Respuesta incorrecta: Doesn't He. Respuesta del sistema: doesn't he Doesn't He doesn't he ?

Eva:

Respuesta correcta: Yes Yes . He has season tickets.

Seth:



2



3

Today is the 5th,  Respuesta incorrecta: Isn't it. Respuesta del sistema: isn't it Isn't it isn't it ?

Eva:

Respuesta correcta: No No . It's the 6th.

Seth:

Talia doesn't work for Newsline,  Respuesta incorrecta: Does She. Respuesta del sistema: does she Does She does she

? Eva:

Respuesta correcta: Yes Yes . She's been there for three years. 

Seth:

Valentino's has great desserts. We should try some,  Respuesta incorrecta: Shouldn't we. Respuesta del sistema: shouldn't we Shouldn't we shouldn't we ?

Eva:

Respuesta correcta: Yes Yes ! The chocolate cake sounds delicious.

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Grammar: Modals of Preference 1. We use prefer and would prefer to talk about preferences-    things we like better than other things.     Nick: Would you like to have a seat?     Talia: No, I prefer to stand.     Prefer and would prefer can be followed by a noun.     Amy: Would you like a cup of tea?     Talia: Thanks, but I'd prefer coffee.     Prefer and would prefer can also be followed by the gerund.     Remember, the gerund is formed with the verb + -ing.     Talia doesn't have time to shop at stores. She prefers shopping      online.     Prefer and would prefer can also be followed by the infinitive      (to + the base form of the verb).     She prefers to shop online. 2. We can also make suggestions with would rather plus the base form      of the verb.     Talia: I'd rather pay her a visit.     The negative form for would rather is would rather not.     Talia: I'd rather not sit down.     We do NOT say: X I wouldn't rather sit down.     We often use I'd rather not as a short answer.     Amy: Maybe you should ask John for help with this story.     Talia: I'd rather not. I want to cover this story by myself.  3. We use would to form questions with prefer and rather.     Nick: Would you prefer to sit down?     Nick: Would you rather sit down?     But we can also use a form of do to form questions with prefer.      Nick: Do you prefer to stand? Grammar: Modals of Preference 1 Read each dialog and choose the correct answer. Josh:

Would you like a cup of coffee?

Megan:

Thanks, but I 

Josh:

How about some cake?

Megan:

Thanks, but I'd rather 

Ana:

'd prefer

'd prefer tea if you have some.

not

not. I'm going to have dinner very soon.

Would you rather be a reporter or a researcher?

Tyler:

A reporter. It's more exciting.

Tom:

Does Erik go to the movies a lot?

Anton:

No. He prefers 

renting videos.

Tony:

What kind of movies does he like? Comedies?

Anton:

No, actually, he 

Jessie:

Let's go get some pizza.

Ryan:

I 

prefers serious movies.

'd prefer to get a hamburger. I had pizza last night.

Ryan:

Does your sister ever watch soccer?

Jessie:

No. She 

Ryan:

What about you? 

Jessie:

Me? No. I'm a big soccer fan.

'd rather watch baseball. Do you prefer baseball, too?

Grammar: Modals of Preference 2 Go hear meet pay stay try on watch work

Salesperson:

Would you like to try on those running shoes? No, I'd rather try on a pair of the

Jessica:

white ones. 

Dan:



2



3



4

Why don't you come to my office at around 11:00?

Bill:

I'd prefer to meet later if that's OK with you.

Anne-

Are you going to call

Marie:

Frank?

Philippe:

I think I'd rather pay him a visit. 

Mia:

Would you like to go out tonight?

Cal:

No, actually, I'd prefer to stay home. I'm really tired.  

Toby:

Should I turn on The News at Six?

Rick:

I'd prefer to watch Newsline, if you don't mind. I think they have

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better reporters.  

6



7



8

The boss wants some of us to come in on Saturday to

Dania:

finish the reports. I don't mind staying late, but I'd rather not work on the

Brian:

weekend. 

Jeff:

Do you want to eat at home or would you rather go to a restaurant?

Lola:

Why don't we try that new Italian restaurant around the corner? 

Nick:

Do you want to hear my story?

Talia:

I'd prefer to hear the truth.

Grammar: Comparative Adjectives 1. We use comparative adjectives to talk about the      differences between people, places, or things.     Kicks are cooler than your old shoes.     They're more comfortable, too.     They're better than other shoes.  2. There are several ways to form the comparative. For short      adjectives, we usually add -er.     cooler     shorter     taller

    Sometimes, when we add -er, there are spelling changes.     nicer     hotter     happier 3. A few adjectives have irregular comparative forms.     good better     bad worse  4. For long adjectives, we usually form the comparative with      more.     Nick: Kicks are more comfortable, too.     We can also make a comparison with less (the opposite of     more) and long adjectives.     Nick: They're less expensive than they look. 5. Some adjectives have two possible comparative forms.     quieter     OR     more quiet  6. We use than when we mention the things we are comparing.     Nick: These shoes are more comfortable than my old shoes.     Notice that we don't always need to use the comparative with      than. Sometimes it is clear what we are comparing.     Nick: They're more comfortable, too.     In the example, it is clear that Nick is talking about two pairs of      shoes. Because Nick doesn't mention the second pair of shoes,      he does not use than. Grammar: Comparative Adjectives 1 Read each sentence. Click on the box and choose the correct answer.  Ed Haskins is the coach of the national soccer team. He is older 

1 than all of

the players.  Nick and Dean are both on the team, but Nick is a 

2

better player. In fact,

he's the team's star player. 

3

Talia would rather be a reporter than a researcher. She thinks that the job of reporter is 

more exciting.

Talia is always working. She's 

Nick is smart. He was a 



4



5



6

busier than Amy.

good student.

Talia believes Nick's story, but Tony doesn't. He's 

more

skeptical than Talia. 

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Speedies running shoes cost $60. Cheetah shoes cost $70. Cheetahs are  more expensive than Speedies. Grammar: Embedded Wh- Questions 2 Look at the question and read the dialog. Change the question to an embedded question, and type it into the blank. Add the correct punctuation (period or question mark). 4/7 57% Where is it? What should I wear? What time does she get to the office? How much do they cost? Who took this photograph of us? Why did Mark move? How many people did Josh invite to his party?  Brian:

1

I have an interview at The Gower Building. Do you know where the building is? where it is?

Ana:

I think it's near here, but I'm not really sure. 

Brian:

I don't know what wear i should? what I should wear.

Ana:

A suit is always good.

2

 Tomas:

3

I need to speak to Ms. Miller. Can you tell me what time she gets to the office?

Jen:

Andre:

Ms. Miller? She's usually at her desk at 8:30. 

4



5



6



7

Those are nice shoes. I wonder how much they cost?

Todd:

Tyler:

I don't know, but they look expensive.

Can you remember who this photograph of us took? who took this photograph of us?

Mindy:

It was John.

Sonya:

I'd like to know why mark moved?

Derek:

Because he got a great job offer in Centerville.

Lauren:

Do you know how many people Josh invited to his party?

Amy:

I think there were about thirty people there.

1. We use may, could, and can plus a subject and the base form      of the verb to ask for permission.     Nick: May I speak to someone at Kicks?     Nick: Could I speak to someone at Kicks?     Nick: Can I speak to someone at Kicks?     May is more formal than could and can. Can is the least formal.

2. We often use please to ask for permission more politely.     Please can go before the base form of the verb.     Nick: May I please speak to someone at Kicks?     Please can also go at the end of the question. When this      happens, we use a comma before please.     Nick: May I speak to someone at Kicks, please? 3. We usually answer questions about permission with words like      yes, sure, certainly, of course, and go ahead.     Nick: Could I ask you a question?     Receptionist: Sure.     We can use may or can in short answers about permission, but     we never use could.     Nick: Could I look at the directory?     Receptionist: Yes, of course you can.     We do NOT say: X Yes, you could.   4. We can also use Do you mind to ask permission. Expressions      with Do you mind are followed by if plus a sentence.     Nick: Do you mind if I look at that?     Do you mind is very polite. We do not use please with Do you       mind. 5. We answer Do you mind questions with Not at all.     Nick: Do you mind if I look at that?     Receptionist: Not at all. Have a look.     Not at all means it's OK. You can do it. If you answer yes to a      question with do you mind, you mean it's not OK. You can't do        it.     We can also answer a Do you mind question with Sure or Go        ahead.   6. When we say no to a question about permission, we usually      apologize and give a reason.     Nick: May I speak to someone else at Kicks?     Receptionist: Sorry, Nick, but there's no Kicks here, either. Grammar: Comparisons with As + Adjective + As

1. Sometimes we want to talk about ways two people or things are      the same. To talk about a similarity, we use as + adjective +      as.     Receptionist: Maybe you can describe Jackie Baker.     Nick: She's as tall as you are.     Nick means that Jackie and the receptionist are the same height.  2. Sometimes we want to talk about ways two people or things are      different. To talk about a difference, we use not as + adjective     + as.     Things aren't as bad as they seem. When the meaning is clear, we often leave out the second part      of the comparison.     Bea: Dean's a good player, but is he as good as Nick?     Zach: Sure. He's just as good.     In this example, Zach means Dean is as good as Nick. Grammar: Past Continuous with When 1. We use the past continuous with when to talk about an activity      that was already in progress when something else happened.     Notice that we use the simple past after when.     Receptionist: I was getting ready to leave when you arrived.     This means that the receptionist started getting ready before     the visitor arrived. 2. The time clause (the part of the sentence with when) can come      at the beginning or end of the sentence. When the time      clause comes at the beginning of the sentence, we need a      comma after the time clause.     I was getting ready to leave. When you arrived,     When the time clause comes at the end of the sentence, there is     no comma.      I was getting ready to leave when you arrived.     Notice that the meaning doesn't change when you change the      order of the two parts of the sentence. The two sentences both      mean that the receptionist started getting ready to leave before      the visitor arrived.

3. Notice the difference in meaning between these two sentences:     1) When the phone rang, the receptionist was leaving.     This means that first the receptionist started to leave and then      the phone rang. We use the past continuous to show that one 

    action was already in progress when the other action      happened.     2) When the phone rang, the receptionist left.     This means that first the phone rang, and then the receptionist      left. We use the simple past in both clauses to show that one      action happened after the other action.

Speaking: Giving Opinions When we talk about news, we often ask for people's opinions. 

Grammar: Inseparable Phrasal Verbs 1. Phrasal verbs are verbs that have two parts--a verb + a      particle.     Run into is a phrasal verb. Run is the verb; into is the particle.     The particle looks just like a preposition, but it is actually one      part of this two-part verb. The particle often changes the      meaning of the verb.     Patty: I'm surprised you never ran into her.     In the example, ran into means met by chance. As you can see,      the verb run plus the particle into has a completely different      meaning from the verb run by itself. 2. Some phrasal verbs are inseparable. This means that the two      parts--verb and particle--always stay together. When an      inseparable phrasal verb has an object, the object always comes      after the two parts of the verb.     Reporter: What do you think of this scandal?     Dean: I'm not sure what I think of it. I don't have enough      information.     In the conversation, the noun this scandal and the pronoun it      are objects of the verb think of. Both noun and pronoun objects      always come after an inseparable phrasal verb.     We do NOT say: X I'm not sure what I think it of. 3. Some phrasal verbs are used with certain prepositions when      they have an object. We sometimes call these combinations      three-part verbs. Three-part verbs are inseparable.     Nick: I need to catch up on the news.     The phrasal verb catch up means do something you did not      have time to do before. We use it with the preposition on when      there is an object.     We don't use the preposition when there is no object.     Nick: I've been so busy. I need some time to catch up.

Grammar: Gerunds and Infinitives 1. The gerund is the base form of the verb + -ing.     playing 2. The infinitive is to + the base form of the verb.     to play 3. Some verbs can be followed by the gerund.     Nick: Would you mind making it louder?     Dean: He wouldn't risk ruining his career.     Patty: She keeps changing her hair color.     We form the negative by using not before the gerund.     Would you mind not repeating that? 4. Some verbs can be followed by the infinitive.     Nick: I agreed to endorse some shoes.     Nick: I need to catch up on the news.     We form the negative by using not before the infinitive.     I decided not to go to the game. Grammar: Future Time Clauses 1. Future time clauses begin with time words like when, after,      before, as soon as, until, and while. We use future time      clauses with main clauses to talk about what is going to happen      in the future.     Dean: I'm sure they'll decide as soon as they have more      information.     In the example, I'm sure they'll decide is the main clause. As      soon as they have more information is the future time clause.     Future time clauses talk about the future but they use the      present.     Dean: I'm not going to comment until we know more.

    We do NOT say: X until we will know more     The main clause uses the future--with will or be going to.     Dean: I'm not going to comment until we know more. 2. The future time clause can come at the beginning or the      end of the sentence. The meaning does not change. When the      future time clause comes at the beginning of the sentence, we      use a comma after it.     Nick: When I get home, I'll watch TV.     Nick: I'll watch TV when I get home. Being   a piece of cake something that is very easy a rotten apple someone who is dishonest and has a bad effect on   others. It only takes one rotten apple to give the whole industry a bad name. a smart cookie someone who is intelligent and confident.   Fumihito is a smart cookie; it won't take him long to learn the new program. accept to take something that someone offers you.Mr. Pham   wanted to pay us, but we refused to accept any money.   access   accomplish   according to   accounting   accurate   accurately   acting   adequate   administration   admit   adore   advertising agency   advertising campaign   advice   advisor   advocate   agent   air   alarm   along the same lines   alter   ambulance   ancestor   ancient   and so on   anxiety   appeal   appear   applaud   appreciation   approach   aquarium   as a matter of fact   as in   ask someone out   association   assume   at one with something          

ATM atmosphere attitude attractive audience

                                                                                                                                                               

authorized bald be about to do something be attracted to somebody be in a serious relationship be in touch be on the rebound be out of line be seeing somebody be tricked beef something up behind berry besides big deal big shot billion biometrics bitter bizarre blame boiling book boom bouquet braid brain chemistry break break a habit break a law break a promise break a record break a story break a sweat break down break new ground break somebody's heart break the ice break the news to somebody breathtakingly breeze brew bribe bride brilliant bring someone up to date broadcast burglar alarm butter someone up buzzer by the way caf 頭 ocha call back calm down cameraperson candid cape cappuccino care about career caress carnation castle catch catch a ball catch someone's eye catch up with someone cautious celebrate celebration century character traits charmed chat chrysanthemum cinema classic clear clear a debt clear a space

                                                                                                                                                               

clear someone's name clear something with someone clear the air clear the decks clear the table clear the way clear up clear your head clear your throat client close closing cloudless coincidence combination come about come across come between come by come down to come down with come forward come out come through come up comfort coming right up commercial complaint complicated compliment concentrate condition confession confirm congratulate connect connection console constantly construct contemporary content contribute controversial convey convincing cool cornrows costume designer cough cover crackle craze credit card crew cut cross-country skiing curly customer service department cut flowers deal with delight demand depend on dependent deserve determine devastating devise directly disaster discreetly disregard do over do your homework doctor don't do the crime if you can't do the time donate double latte down

                                                                                                                                                               

down the line download drama program drop drop someone a line earphone ease edge edit effective eligible emotionally involved emphasis encounter endorse endorsement energize enhance enter entertain era estimate et cetera etiquette evaluate even number excessive exclusive explode express fabulous familiar fantastic faraway feature fees figure film director find out fingerprint scanner first and foremost fix somebody up florist focus group focus on fog horn follow in someone's footsteps formula foundation frame freak out freeze frustration full-time student funeral fuss over gadget gaze get a feel for something get a line on something get an offer get down to business get hold of get in someone's way get in touch get into get it Get out of here! get rid of somebody get somebody back get this give someone a line give up gladiolus glide glorious go ahead go bananas go on go on a blind date

                                                                                                                                                               

go through gosh granny grieving groom growl guarantee guidelines had better halfway Halloween hammer hang on hang up harmony hassle have have a crush on somebody have egg on your face hectic help out herbal tea high-frequency high-tech hip hold it horn host hot temper hot water if I say so myself image impressed improvisation in a way in advance in battle in distress in fact in other words in someone's shadow in spite of inappropriate incredible influence infringe on injure innocent inspiring instant instinctive instruct intact intake intellect intelligence interact with interrupt interview intricate invade invasion of privacy iris scan isolated It seems like yesterday it's all over for someone joy juice bar jumpy keep back keep going keep it down keep out of something keep quiet keep someone guessing keep someone posted keep something in mind keep the change keep to the subject keep your shirt on

                                                                                                                                                               

keep your voice down kick yourself kinky know better lame lay it on the line learn something the hard way leave behind legal leisurely lengthy levity license plate likely likewise lily lining live in harmony lobby logical look at the bright side loud color loud noise low-frequency lush maitre d' majestic make a fool of yourself makeup artist mania manufacturer march marketing marketing executive marvel match an offer meadow meant for each other measurement meditation memorable memory mental process mess something up mid-semester mile misfortune miss mission mist moderate monitor motivation mph mutual nanny national exposure naturally nature nightmare no way objective odd number on oops open-ended opening optimistic option organ original origins out of the corner of your eye outfit over overbook overcharge overcome overdo overeat

                                                                                                                                                               

overestimate overhear overlap overlook overreact oversee pager palm pass passion password pat path patience patient pattern peak pedestrian people-watching perform permission permit personal attack personal life personal reaction persuasive phenomenon phew phony pick out picture pie in the sky pitch plant play hard to get play the field poison ponytail pose as somebody potential potted plant power practical preference preliminary preparation press charges presto print printout probe producer professional life progress put something on put your heart into something qualifying match qualities rapport rare rating reach your goal read between the lines realize reassure recall recognize recollect reconstruct recording light recurring reduce referee reflex regenerate region register regular reinstate rejoin

                                                                                                                                                               

relaxation release relief relieved remarkably remote resent resentful reservation respond retina scan reveal rewind ridiculous right roasted role role model romantic run run a light salmon sane sauna scale scared scary schedule scheme scholar science fiction scream scriptwriter section security seek semester set designer set out set up shh shiver shore show up significant signify silky simultaneously sink sip siren sleeping potion slogan sloppy small potatoes smooth surface smooth talker snapshot so far, so good soft pillow soft rock solid sophisticated sound engineer sour grapes sparkling specialty spine split up spontaneous spy squint stable stage stage name stallion stand for standardized test state-of-the-art steal a car

                                                                                                                                                               

steal a look steamy store straight stroll Student Advising student lounge student union stuntperson such-and-such suffering suitable sum up sunbathe superb surgeon surprise surveillance survive suspend sweeten sympathize take a hard line take it from me take root take someone out take someone out on a date take someone's place take something personally talk show host Taoist tape player target text messaging the bottom line the finals the right places thin curtain thin excuse throw a ball throw a fit ticket tip tired joke tired worker top-notch tornado tough break track tragic trail translate transplant trend trendy trick triumph tropical trout tuition turn down turn out turn the volume down twister unbelievable undergraduate unfortunate unfortunately unique up-to-date use values velvet verbatim verify version visual vivid voice print vote

                                                   

VP warm weather warm welcome warn wave wavy weird what a relief what makes someone tick What's up? where there's a will, there's a way whistle whoosh-whoosh wig win out winding window wizard wolf word work out work out work out yard You bet! Yup

Grammar: Modals of Possibility/Probability 1 Complete each dialog. Click on the box and choose the correct answer. 7/8 88% 

1

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Tony: I'm worried about Talia. I think she might  Correct answer: feel feel too emotionally involved with this story.

Patty: Jackie's hair color is different each time I see her. Nick: Well, she doesn't wear a wig, so she  Incorrect answer: might must

might

 color it.

Nick: You know, Jackie Baker isn't her real name. Patty:  Correct answer: Could Could it be her stage name? She's an actress, isn't she? 

4

Amy: Sally and Doug are both taking drama classes at the university. Talia: They  Correct answer: might might know Jackie. Maybe they've taken classes together. 

5

Lola: I noticed that Professor Roberts doesn't wear a wedding ring. Megan: Well, he  Correct answer: might not might not be married. But then again, lots of married people don't wear rings. 

6

Mrs. Santos: Do you think Nick is guilty? Talia: He  Correct answer: can't be can't be! He's innocent, and I'm going to prove it! 

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8

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1

Amy: Talia gets all A's in our journalism class. Josh: She  Correct answer: must must be a good writer.

Talia: Jackie is being really friendly to Amy. She  Correct answer: must not must not suspect that Amy is tricking her.

Grammar: Reflexive/Reciprocal Pronouns 1 Amy: Jackie, this is Talia. Talia, this is Jackie. Amy introduced Jackie and Talia to ______. them themselves each other

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4

Talia: Don't you work for Kicks, Jackie? Talia asked _____ about her job. herself her each other

Amy: Bye, Jackie. It was great talking to you. Jackie: Bye. Amy and Jackie were talking to _____. themselves each other him

Jackie: I'd like a table for two. It's for my brother - Dean Bishop, the soccer player - and me. Jackie made a reservation for ______. herself her her brother and herself 

5

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6

Talia: Nice work, Amy! Talia thinks Amy should be pleased with ______. her herself

one another

Amy (alone in her office): I wonder what's happening between Talia and Nick. Amy asked ______ about Talia and Nick's relationship. her him herself 

7

Jackie: Hmmm. I could look better. Maybe I should change my hair color again. Jackie was looking at ______ in the mirror. her herself each other 

Talia: See you later, Amy. Bye, Chris. Amy: Bye, Talia. Bye, Chris. Chris: Take care, Amy! You too, Talia! Talia, Amy, and Chris said good-bye to ______.

8

themselves

them

one another

Grammar: Modals of Possibility/Probability 2 Complete the dialogs. Drag and drop the answers into the correct blanks. You will not use all the choices. 5/6 83% must love

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might not like must not love can't be might like might be must not love must not feel must study

Professor Roberts  Correct answer: must love must love Shakespeare. He always looks so happy when he's Nina:

quoting him.

Dave:

Ron is absent again. I wonder what the problem is.  Well, he  Correct answer: might not like might not like the class. He sometimes seems bored when

Ana:

he's here.

Nina:

Jackie looks terrible today. I wonder what's wrong. She  Correct answer: must not feel

Ana:

must not feel well.

Dave:

Is Marcel French?

Ana:

He  Correct answer: might be

might be. He has a French name. Marcel always gets good grades.

Nina:

He  Correct answer: must study Dave:

must study a lot.

Jake:

Why are those students leaving? I don't know. The class  Incorrect answer: might like. System answer is: can't be might likecan't be

Marcel:

 over yet. It's too early.

Grammar: Reflexive/Reciprocal Pronouns 2 Complete each dialog. Type a reflexive or reciprocal pronoun into the blank. In this activity you are graded on capitalization (lowercase and UPPERCASE).

1 John:

Have you ever met Talia's mother?

Amy: Yes. The two of them are very close. They call Correct answer: each othereach other almost every day. 2 Mrs. Santos: Talia:

What kind of man is this Nick Crawford?

Well, for one thing, he prides Correct answer: himselfhimself on being an honest person.

3 Amy:

What did you do last night?

Josh:

I went to the movies - alone, again.

Amy:

Oh. Did you enjoy Correct answer: yourselfyourself?

4 Talia:

Why isn't Nick answering the phone?

Amy:

Did you just ask me something, Talia?

Talia:

No. I was just talking to Correct answer: myselfmyself. I do that when I get nervous.

5 Amy:

This is a difficult assignment.

Talia:

Well, maybe if we help Correct answer: each othereach other it won't be so bad.

Amy:

Good idea.

6 Tony: Do you know where Talia is? John:

No. Do you, Chris?

Chris: No, I don't. Amy:

Hi everyone. Hey, do you know where Talia is?

Tony: We were all just asking Incorrect answer: each another. System answer is: one anothereach anotherone another the same question! 7 Amy:

What did your friends do in Los Angeles?

Josh:

They kept Incorrect answer: each other. System answer is: themselveseach otherthemselves

busy. Lisa went to the museum, and Todd went shopping. 8 John:

Where are you guys going?

Amy/Talia: John:

To our journalism class.

Enjoy Correct answer: yourselvesyourselves

Grammar: Modals-Possibility/Probability-Past 2 Complete the dialog. Type the correct form of the modal and the verb in parentheses into the blanks. Choose between affirmative and negative. In this activity you are graded on capitalization (lowercase and UPPERCASE). Example: i think james isn't fun. I think James isn't fun. 4/6 67%

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Micky:

When did competitive sports begin? 

Professor

A very long time ago. Organized sports 

Clark:

Correct answer: might have existed might have existed  (might/exist) in Central America 3,600 years ago. 

Micky:

No! They  Incorrect answer: could't have had. System answer is: couldn't have had could't have had couldn't have had  (could/have) sports leagues that long ago!

Professor

It's not impossible. They 

Clark:

Correct answer: could have built could have built  (could/build) a system of playing fields. There is evidence all through Central America.

Micky:

What did they play thousands of years ago?

Professor

Some ball courts have stone rings, so they 

Clark:

Correct answer: may have played may have played  (may/play) something like basketball. 

Micky:

Any Michael Jordans?

Professor

Probably. A lot of statues show kings dressed like ballplayers - so

Clark:

athletes  Correct answer: must have been must have been

(must/be) pretty important! Micky:

Oh, it sounds like things  Incorrect answer: might have been. System answer is: might not have been might have been might not have been  (might/be) so different from today.

1. We use make + an object + the base form of the verb to talk      about when a person forces another person to do something.     Nick: Are you really going to make me put these on?     Talia: Yes.   2. We use have + an object + the base form of the verb to talk      about when a person causes another person to do something.      Have is not as strong as make.     Anna: Talia had Amy call Valentino's to make reservations 3. We use get to talk about when a person persuades another      person to do something. Notice that get is followed by an object     + an infinitive--not the base form.     Talia: I'm not trying to get you to take me out on a date.     We do NOT say: X I'm not trying to get you take me out.   4. We use let + an object + the base form to talk about when a      person permits another person to do something.     John: Tony let Talia work on the Crawford story 5. We can use help + an object + the base form of the verb or the      infinitive.

    Talia: I'm trying to help you save your career.     OR     Talia: I'm trying to help you to save your career.     These two sentences have the same meaning, but help + the      base form is more common. 1. We often use short sentences with so to express agreement with      another speaker. When we use this type of response, we don't      have to repeat the information in the first statement.     Talia: I care about your future.     Nick: So do I!     In the example, So do I means I care about my future too.     We can also use so and neither to add similar information to      what another speaker has said.     Nick: Jackie doesn't look very happy.     Talia: Neither does Dean. 2. We use short sentences with so to respond to an affirmative      statement. We form the response with so + a form of be or an      auxiliary verb + the subject.     Nick: The fish is delicious.     Talia: So is the chicken.     In the example, So is the chicken means The chicken is      delicious, too.     Nick: You look nice.     Talia: So do you.     In the example, So do you means You look nice, too.     Notice that the verb comes before the subject.     We do NOT say: X So the chicken is.

3. We use short sentences with neither to respond to a      negative statement.     Nick: I'm not really hungry.     Talia: Neither am I.     Nick: Dean hasn't noticed us.     Talia: Neither has Jackie.     Notice that the verb comes before the subject.     We do NOT say: X Neither Jackie has. 4. The response always uses a form of be or an auxiliary verb      (be, have, do, or a modal such as can, could, should, would).     If the statement has a form of be or an auxiliary verb, use a form      of be or the same auxiliary verb in the response.     Talia: I'm nervous.     Nick: So am I.     Nick: I've never been to Valentino's.     Talia: Neither have I.     Talia: This pasta is delicious.     Nick: So are the vegetables.   5. If the statement doesn't have a form of be or an auxiliary verb,      use a form of do in the response. Use the same tense as the      verb in the statement.     Alicia: Nick plays soccer.     Don: So does Dean.     Anna: Talia went to college.     Dan: So did Nick.

Grammar: So/Neither 2 Complete the dialog. Type a response using so and neither into each blank. Use capital letters if necessary.

Alison:

This is so exciting! I've never eaten at Valentino's before. 

Brian:

Correct answer: Neither have Neither have  I, but I've always wanted to try it. 

Alison:

I love the bread. 

Brian:

Correct answer: So do So do  I. I like the salad, too. 

Alison:

Correct answer: So do So do  I. What are you thinking of getting as your main dish? I can't decide. 

Brian:

Correct answer: Neither can Neither can  I. Everything on the menu looks good. 

Alison:

Mmmm. Spaghetti with fresh tomatoes and wild mushrooms. That doesn't sound bad.

Brian:

Correct answer: Neither does Neither does  the fish special. 

Alison:

You're right. It does sound good.

Waiter:

Excuse me. Have you decided? 

Alison:

I think so. I'll have the fish special. 

Brian:

Incorrect answer: So have. System answer is: So will So have So will

 I. Can you tell me what it comes with?  Waiter:

Rice and broccoli. 

Brian:

Oh. I don't really like broccoli.

Alison:

Correct answer: Neither do Neither do  I. Is there another choice? 

Waiter:

Of course. You can have carrots.

Alison:

This is such a nice place. I'm so glad we came here. 

Brian:

Incorrect answer: So did. System answer is: So am So did So am  I.

1. We often use a future time clause with a main clause to show      the relationship between two future events. They show which      event will happen first and which will happen next.     Talia: Dean and Jackie are going to talk about you as soon as      they get here.     In the example, Dean and Jackie are going to talk about you is      the main clause. As soon as they get here is the future time      clause.     Talia means that first, Dean and Jackie will get to the restaurant.      Immediately after that, they'll talk about Nick.

     2. The verb in the main clause is in the future with will or be      going to. The verb in the time clause is in the present.     Nick: I'll cough when I see them.

    I'll cough is the main clause. When I see them is the future      time clause.     Remember, we don't use will or be going to in a future time      clause.     We do NOT say: X I'll cough when I'll see them. 3. We often use when, after, and as soon as in a future time      clause to introduce the event that will happen first.     Nick and Talia will go into Valentino's as soon as they put on      their wigs.     In the example, Nick and Talia will first put on their wigs. Then      they'll go into Valentino's.   4. We often use before, until, and by the time in a future time      clause to introduce the event that will happen second.     Talia and Nick will get the proof they need before they finish      dinner.     In the example, Nick and Talia will get the proof. They they'll      finish dinner. 5. We use while in a future time clause to introduce an event that      will happen at the same time as another event.     While Dean and Jackie talk, Nick and Talia will listen to their      conversation.     In the example, Dean and Jackie will talk. At the same time, Nick      and Talia will listen.   6. The future time clause can come at the beginning or end of      the sentence. The meaning does not change. When the future      time clause comes at the beginning of the sentence, we use a      comma after it.

    Nick: While you plant the mike, I'll look out for Dean and Jackie.     Nick: I'll look out for Dean and Jackie while you plant the mike.     Both sentences have the same meaning.

rammar: Future Time Clauses 2 Read each pair of sentences. Rewrite them as one sentence with a future time clause. Type the sentence into the blank. Be sure to use a comma and capital letters if necessary. In this activity you are graded on punctuation and capitalization (lowercase and UPPERCASE). Example: i think james isnt fun. I think James isn't fun. 2/8 25% 

1

First, we'll interview more people. Then we'll hire a dessert chef. Before  Incorrect answer: We hire a dessert chef, we interview more people. System answer is: we hire a dessert chef, we'll interview more people We hire a dessert chef, we interview more people we hire a dessert chef, we'll interview more people . 

2

Customers will want to try the new desserts. They will see them.  Incorrect answer: customers wat to try the new dessert. System answer is: Customers will want to try the new desserts customers wat to try the new dessert Customers will want to try the new desserts  as soon as  Correct answer: they see them they see them . 

DiCaprio is going to be in this neighborhood. He'll shoot his next movie here. Incorrect answer: DiCapriois in this neighborhood. System answer is: DiCaprio is going to be in this neighborhood DiCapriois in this neighborhood DiCaprio is going to be in this neighborhood

3

 while  Correct answer: he shoots his next movie here he shoots his next movie here . 

4

People will find out. The restaurant will get a lot of business.  When  Incorrect answer: the restaurant get a lot of business, people find out. System answer is: people find out, the restaurant will get a lot of business the restaurant get a lot of business, people find out people find out, the restaurant will get a lot of business . 

5

The coffee will be cold. Then the waiter will bring the milk.  By the time  Incorrect answer: When the waiter bring the coffee, it is cold. System answer is: the waiter brings the milk, the coffee will be cold When the waiter bring the coffee, it is cold the waiter brings the milk, the coffee will be cold . 

The waiter is going to bring us more coffee. Then I'll ask for the check.  After  Incorrect answer: I ask for the check, the waiter bring us more coffee. System answer is: the waiter brings us more coffee, I'll ask for the check I ask for the check, the waiter bring us more coffee the waiter brings us more coffee, I'll ask for the check Vocabulary: Keep It Down! 3 Complete the sentences. Click on the box and choose the correct answer. 10/10 100% 1Here's $15. Correct answer: Keep the changeKeep the change. 2 That's very interesting, but if you don't Correct answer: keep to the subjectkeep to the subject, we'll never finish this meeting.

6

3Correct answer: Keep backKeep back. The workers need room to do their jobs. 4Correct answer: Keep it downKeep it down! I can't hear the movie. 5Correct answer: Keep goingKeep going. You have to turn at the next corner, not this one. 6I know you want to help end their argument, but you'd better Correct answer: keep out of itkeep out of it. 7 Don't say a word in the meeting. Just Correct answer: keep quiet keep quiet and let me do the talking. 8Correct answer: Keep your shirt onKeep your shirt on! I haven't lost the tickets. They're right here in my bag! 9Our boss likes to Correct answer: keep us guessingkeep us guessing. We never know what he's going to do next. 10Please Correct answer: keep me posted keep me posted about what's happening while I'm out of the office.

1. We use the past continuous to talk about an action that was in      progress at a specific time in the past. When we use the past      continuous, we aren't interested in when the activity ended.     Jackie: It was 6:00. I was sitting in the student lounge.     We use the simple past to talk about another action that      interrupts that action.     Jackie: I was sitting in the student lounge when a woman came      up to me.     In the example, first Jackie sat down in the student lounge. Then      a woman came up to her.

       2. We use when to introduce the simple past action.

    Jackie: Amy and I were talking when a friend of hers showed up.     In this example, first Amy and Jackie started talking. Then Amy's      friend showed up. 3. When both clauses are in the simple past, the meaning is very      different. Notice the difference in these two examples.     When Jackie arrived at Valentino's, Nick and Talia looked at      their menus.     In this example, first Jackie arrived at Valentino's. Then Nick and     Talia looked at their menus.     When Jackie arrived at Valentino's, Nick and Talia were looking      at their menus.     In this example, Nick and Talia were looking at their menus.      Then Jackie arrived at Valentino's.   4. The part of the sentence that begins with when is called a time      clause. The time clause can come at the beginning or the end of      the sentence. The meaning is the same.     When Jackie asked about Byron Walters, Dean seemed      surprised.     OR     Dean seemed surprised when Jackie asked about Byron      Walters.     When the time clause comes first, we put a comma after it.      When the main clause comes first, we don't use a comma      between the two clauses.

Grammar: Simple Past/Past Continuous-When 2 Complete the paragraph. Type the correct form of the verbs in parentheses (simple past or past continuous) into the blank. In this activity you are graded on capitalization (lowercase and UPPERCASE). Example: i think james isn't fun. I think James isn't fun. 5/9 56%

Commuters were trying to get home this evening, when another typical cell

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phone accident  Incorrect answer: occured. System answer is: occurred occured occurred  (occur) downtown at Center Street and First Avenue. One car  Correct answer: was traveling was traveling  (travel) east on First Avenue when the light  Incorrect answer: turn. System answer is: turned turned  (turn) red. The car  Incorrect answer: was not stopping. System answer is: didn't stop didn't stop  (not stop) when the light  Correct answer: changed changed  (change). It hit a truck that was entering the intersection. According to a witness, the driver  Correct answer: was talking was talking  (talk) on a cell phone when he  Correct answer: hit hit  (hit) the truck. When the ambulance  Correct answer: arrived arrived  (arrive), the paramedics  Incorrect answer: was treating. System answer is: treated treated  (treat) the drivers. There were no serious injuries

1. We use imperatives, such as ''Be quiet,'' to give commands,      make suggestions, give directions, and extend invitations. A      direct imperative uses the person's exact words.     Dean said, "Be quiet!"

    When we write, we put quotation marks around direct      imperatives.   2. We can also report imperatives without using the person's exact      words. In this case, we use reported imperatives.     Dean told Jackie to be quiet.     When we write, we don't use quotation marks around reported      imperatives.     We do NOT say: X Dean told Jackie "to be quiet. 3. The most common reporting verbs are say and tell.     We use say when we don't mention the listener.     Dean said to be quiet.     We do NOT say: X Dean said Jackie to be quiet.     We use tell when we mention the listener.     Dean told Jackie to be quiet.     He told her to be quiet.     We do NOT say: X Dean told to be quiet. 4. To report an affirmative imperative, use the infinitive.     Dean: I told you to keep your voice down!  5. To report a negative imperative, use not + the infinitive.     Jackie: I told you not to interrupt. 6. In reported imperatives, we sometimes have to change      pronouns to keep the original meaning.     Talia: Amy, call me later.     John: Talia told Amy to call her later.

 7. We sometimes have to change time phrases to keep the     original meaning.     Talia: Call me tomorrow, Amy.     Alicia: Talia told Amy to call her the next day.

Grammar: Reported Imperatives 2 Read each statement. Complete the reported imperative that expresses what the person said. Type your answer into the blank. 

1

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2

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3

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4

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5

Amy: Here, Lynn. Look at the menu. She told  Correct answer: Lynn to look Lynn to look  at the menu. Lynn: Don't order an appetizer. The portions are really big. She said  Correct answer: not to order not to order  an appetizer because the portions are really big. Amy: Be careful, Lynn. That dish is really spicy. She told  Correct answer: Lynn to be Lynn to be  careful because that dish is really spicy. Lynn: Don't worry, Amy. I'm used to spicy food. She told  Correct answer: Amy not to worry Amy not to worry  because she's used to spicy food. Lynn: Tell me all about Talia and Nick. She told  Incorrect answer: her. System answer is: her to tell her her

her to tell her  all about Talia and Nick. 

6

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7



8

Lynn: Don't leave anything out! She said  Correct answer: not to leave not to leave  anything out. Amy: Don't tell anyone about it. She told  Incorrect answer: not to tell. System answer is: her not to tell not to tell her not to tell  anyone about it. Lynn: Trust me, Amy. I can keep a secret. She told  Correct answer: Amy to trust her Amy to trust her  because she can keep a secret.

Grammar: Subject Adjective Clauses 2 Complete each dialog. Type a relative pronoun (who, that, or which) and the correct form of the verb in parentheses into the blank. In this activity you are graded on capitalization (lowercase and UPPERCASE). Example: i think james isn't fun. I think James isn't fun. 7/8 88% 

1

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2

Ana: Who's that? Bo: Nick Crawford. He's the soccer player  Correct answer: who is who is  (be) in a lot of trouble now. Brian: Do you know Amy and Talia? Todd: They're the two women 

Correct answer: that work that work  (work) for Newsline, aren't they? 

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Yumiko: Which news program do you usually watch? Otto: Newsline!   I think it's the program  Correct answer: which has which has  (have) the most objective reporting. Sarah: Which train are you taking? Max: I don't know the number, but it's the one  Correct answer: which leaves which leaves  (leave) at 8:05. Jackie: You're the one  Correct answer: who is who is  (be) going to be sorry, Dean. Dean: Oh, yeah? Vilma: Those people look familiar. Who are they? Miguel: I think they're the people  Correct answer: that own that own  (own) Valentino's. Marta: Is that the jacket  Incorrect answer: which is. System answer is: that was which is that was  (be) on sale last week? Todd: Yes. Do you like it?

Nell: Who's Jeanette Keating? Jim: Oh, you know her. She's the actor  Correct answer: who is who is  (be) in the movie My Summer in Paris.

1. We use the future conditional to talk about results that will      happen under certain conditions. The if-clause (the clause      beginning with if) states the condition. The result clause (the      clause that does not begin with if) states the result.     If Nick asks Talia out, she'll say yes.   2. The verb in the if-clause is in the present--even though we're      talking about the future.     The verb in the result clause is in the future with will or be      going to.     Talia: If we leave now, we'll catch Tony.     Talia: If we don't leave now, we're going to miss Tony. 3. You can also use a modal, such as might and can, in the result      clause.     Talia: If we leave now, we might see Amy.     Talia: If we see Amy, we can tell her what happened.   4. The if-clause can come at the beginning or the end of the      sentence. The meaning is the same. When the if-clause comes      first, we put a comma after it. When the main clause comes first,      we don't use a comma between the two clauses.     Talia: If we go now, Tony will still be at the office.     OR     Talia: Tony will still be at the office if we go now.

Grammar: Future Conditional 2

Read each sentence. Type the correct form (simple present or future) of the verbs in parentheses into the blanks. Use contractions when possible. In this activity you are graded on capitalization (lowercase and UPPERCASE). Example: i think james isn't fun. I think James isn't fun. 9/10 90%

Talia: It's getting late. You know that if we 

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Correct answer: have have  (have) dessert, Tony  Correct answer: won't be won't be  (not be) in the office when we get there. I want him to hear this tape!  Nick: Don't worry. If you  Correct answer: play play  (play) it for him tomorrow, it  Correct answer: 'll be 'll be  (be) fine.  Talia: If your coach  Correct answer: hears hears  (hear) this tape, I'm sure he  Correct answer: will let will let  (let) you play in the next game.  Nick: I hope so.  Talia: He'd better let you play! Your team  Correct answer: won't win won't win  (not win) if you  Correct answer: don't play don't play  (not play)!  Nick: You know, Talia, if you  Correct answer: phone phone

 (phone) the office, you  Incorrect answer: are going to. System answer is: 'll feel are going to 'll feel  (feel) more relaxed.  Talia: Great idea!

1. We use the past perfect to talk about something that happened      before a specific time in the past.     It was 8:30. Jackie and Dean had left Valentino's.     This means, Jackie and Dean left before 8:30.

       2. We form the past perfect with had + the past participle. We     often use the contraction 'd with pronoun subjects.     Nick and Talia already knew each other. They'd taken classes      together in college. 3. We often introduce the specific time with by.     Talia: My boyfriend and I had split up by the middle of the      semester.     In the example, the specific time was the middle of the semester.     Talia broke up with her boyfriend before then.   4. We also use the past perfect to show a relationship between two      past events. We use the past perfect for the earlier event and      the simple past for the later event.     Dean and Jackie had left the restaurant by the time Nick and      Talia ordered dessert.

    This means that first Dean and Jackie left. Then Nick and Talia      ordered dessert.

     5. We often use already, yet, and never with the past perfect.      These words emphasize that the event in the past perfect      occurred first.     By the time Talia studied for the exam with Nick, she had      already broken up with her boyfriend.   6. We can use the simple past for two past events when it's clear      which came first. This is often the case when you use after,      before, or as soon as to connect the events.     Nick had decided not to ask Talia out as soon as he heard that      she had a boyfriend.     OR     Nick decided not to ask Talia out as soon as he heard that she      had a boyfriend.     Both sentences mean that Nick decided not to ask Talia out      when he heard that she had a boyfriend.

Grammar: Past Perfect 2 Complete the magazine interview. Type the correct form (simple past or past perfect) of the verb in parentheses into the blank. In this activity you are graded on capitalization (lowercase and UPPERCASE). Example: i think james isn't fun. I think James isn't fun. 4/8 50% 

Interviewer:

You're a casting director. Can you explain what you do? 

Abdul:

It's simple. I hire actors to work in movies. 

Interviewer:

Did you start out as a casting director? 

Abdul:

Oh, no! I was an actor! But after five years, I still  Incorrect answer: didn't get. System answer is: hadn't gotten didn't get hadn't gotten  (not get) any good acting roles, and I wanted to stay in the business.

Interviewer:

How did you get your first casting job? 

Abdul:

I didn't get a part! At that time, I  Incorrect answer: didn't give up. System answer is: hadn't given up didn't give up hadn't given up  (not give up) on acting yet, and I was still looking for roles. The casting director said, "I don't want to hire you to act, but why not do casting with me?" 

Interviewer:

So that's when you changed careers? 

Abdul:

Yes. I really  Incorrect answer: not had thouhgt. System answer is: hadn't thought not had thouhgt hadn't thought  (not think) about casting until she  Correct answer: suggested suggested  (suggest) it, but it sounded like a great idea. 

Interviewer:

How important is luck for a new actor? 

Abdul:

Preparation is more important than luck. A few years ago, I

hired someone who is now very famous. When I  Correct answer: hired hired  (hire) him, he  Correct answer: had not taken had not taken  (not take) many acting classes, so he was lucky to get the job. But by the time I  Correct answer: offered offered  (offer) him his second job, he Incorrect answer: studied. System answer is: 'd studied studied 'd studied (study) a lot more. That preparation made him successful.

1. As you know, we can use the infinitive after certain verbs. But we      can also use the infinitive after certain adjectives.     Talia: Are you ready to go?     Many of these adjectives describe a feeling about the action in      the infinitive.     Talia was anxious to work on the story.   2. We can also use the infinitive after some nouns. The noun +      infinitive combination often expresses necessity or advice.     Nick: I have a confession to make.     Nick: Why don't we just take a little time to enjoy ourselves?

    Here are some more examples:     Do you have permission to go?     She's the person to ask.     I have a test to study for.     It's time to leave. 3. We also use infinitives after adjective + noun combinations.     Nick: That's an easy mistake to make.     Talia: Jackie really wants to be famous.     Nick: But it's a high price to pay for fame.   4. We often use for + a noun or pronoun before the infinitive      when we include the subject of the infinitive.     Nick: It's important for the Federation to hear the tape.     Talia: It's time for us to go.

B.4 Learning Objectives Listening • Predict the speaker's intentions • Listen for sequences of actions • Listen for ideas that show people's relationships • Listen for the main ideas in news stories Speaking • Identifying a problem • Suggesting a course of action • Responding to a suggested course of action • Committing to a course of action Grammar • Future in the past • Passive causative • Reported statements Pronunciation

• Stress in words with prefixes • The voiced th  sound in this Reading and Vocabulary • Getting the meaning from context • Understanding main ideas and details Writing • Pre-writing technique: Make an outline • Task: Retell a traditional story • Skill: Use chronological order; draw a conclusion Video Listening Watch the video and answer questions about the information and ideas in it. Learn more about body language and other cultural aspects of the video. Vocabulary Learn the meanings and usage of these phrases with clear: clear a debt, clear a space, clear someone's name, clear something with someone, clear the air, clear the decks, clear the table, clear the way, clear your head, clear your throat borrar cuentas, despejar cel camino, despejar la mente,dspejar o aclarar lagarganta Speaking Learn expressions you can use to • identify a problem: Something's wrong with the tape. • suggest a course of action: Did you check that the recording light was on? • responding to a suggested course of action: No, maybe that's what's wrong. • commit to a course of action: I'll do that now. Grammar Learn to express yourself using • future in the past: I was just going to call you. • passive causative: I had the tape player cleaned last week. • reported statements: Jackie said that she had posed as a Kicks executive. Task Listening Listen to the stories on the evening news. Choose the newspaper headline that matches each story. Pronunciation Practice your pronunciation of • stress in words with prefixes: a-, be-, de-, ex-, in-, and re• the voiced th sound in this : that, these, together Reading Read a traditional Taoist story that both educates and entertains. On the Web

Research traditional stories. Retell a story you like.

Grammar: Future in the Past 1. We use the future in the past to talk about future plans that we      made in the past.     Tony: I was just going to call you.     This means that Tony had planned to call Talia.  2. Most of the time, we use the future in the past to talk about      planned events that didn't happen.     Talia: I was going to check after we sat down, but too much was      going on.     In the example, Talia had planned to check that the recording      light on her tape player was on, but she didn't do it. 3. We form the future in the past with was or were + going to +     the base form of the verb.     Tony was going to listen to the tape.     Amy and John were going to listen, too. Grammar: Passive Causative 1. We use the passive causative to talk about services that      another person does for us.     Tony: I had the tape player cleaned last week.     This means that someone cleaned the tape player for Tony. He      didn't clean it himself.  2. We can also use the passive causative to talk about something      that causes something else to happen. We usually use get (and      not have) for this meaning.     Talia: This is the recording that will get Nick reinstated.     This means that Nick will be reinstated because of the recording.

3. We form the passive causative with have or get + a direct      object + the past participle of the verb.     Talia gets her hair done at Fausto's Hair Salon.     OR     Talia has her hair done at Fausto's Hair Salon.     These two sentences have the same meaning.   4. We use the passive causative with all tenses and with modals.     John has his car inspected every year. (simple present)     He has gotten it done at the same place since he bought it.      (present perfect)     He had it inspected last week. (simple past)     He's going to get it painted next week. (future)     He might have the tires replaced, too. (modal) 5. We use by when we mention the person doing the service. We      only mention the person doing the service when it provides      important information.     Amy is getting her hair cut by the best hairdresser in town.     We do NOT say: X Amy is getting her hair cut by a hairdresser. Grammar: Reported Statements 1. A direct statement uses the person's exact words.     When we write, we put quotation marks around direct      statements.     Jackie said, "I posed as a Kicks executive."   2. We can also report statements without using the person's exact      words. In this case, we use reported statements. We often use      the word that to introduce a reported statement.

    Talia (to Tony later that evening): Jackie said that she had      posed as a Kicks executive.     You can also leave out the word that. The meaning is the same.     Talia: Jackie said she had posed as a Kicks executive.     We don't use quotation marks in reported statements.     We do NOT say: X Jackie said that "she had posed as a Kicks      executive." 3. The most common reporting verbs are say and tell.     We use say when we don't mention the listener.     Jackie: Dean, I'm worried.     Jackie said that she was worried.     We do NOT say: X Jackie told that she was worried.     We use tell when we mention the listener.     Jackie told Dean that she was worried.     We do NOT say: X Jackie said Dean that she was worried. 4. When we report someone's statements, we often change the      verb tense.     Simple present changes to simple past.     Dean: There is no Byron Walters.     Dean said that there was no Byron Walters.     Present continuous changes to past continuous.     Talia: I'm not seeing anyone.     Talia said she wasn't seeing anyone.     Simple past changes to past perfect.     Dean: I sent the phony tape to Newsline.     Talia: Dean actually said that he had sent the phony tape to us.

    Present perfect changes to past perfect.     Tony: You've just learned a lesson the hard way.     Amy: Tony said that she'd just learned a lesson the hard way 5. When the reporting verb is in the present, we don't change the      verb tense in the reported statement.     Talia: I'm really worried about Nick.     Amy: Talia says that she's really worried about Nick.   6. In reported statements, we also make other changes to keep the      original meaning.     We change pronouns and possessive adjectives.     Tony: I'm looking for my tape player.     Talia: Tony said that he was looking for his tape player.     We also change time words.     Talia: I met Jackie yesterday.     Tony (the next day): Talia said that she'd met Jackie the day      before. TEST

Doug:

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Do you stop to get the newspaper every day?

Megan:

No. I  Respuesta correcta: get it delivered get it delivered  (deliver). It's more convenient that way.

Evan:

I need 500 copies of this report. Can you  Respuesta incorrecta: get the copies. Respuesta del sistema: have it copied get the copies have it copied  (copy) for me?

Nina: Ana:

Sure. I'll take it over to the Copy Center. 

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Your printer isn't working well. Something's wrong with it.

Chris:

I know. I have to  Respuesta correcta: get it repaired get it repaired  (repair).

Lisa:

This is a nice blouse. Is it washable?

Maya:

No. You have to  Respuesta correcta: get the blouse cleaned get the blouse cleaned  (clean).

Tony:

Congratulations! I hear you bought a new house. When are you going to move in?

Paulo:

Just as soon as we  Respuesta correcta: have it painted have it painted

(paint).  

Eva:

Does Laura do her own hair? It always looks great.

Nora:

She 

6

Respuesta incorrecta: is getting her hair done. Respuesta del sistema: has it done is getting her hair done has it done  (do) by a hairdresser. 

Newsli

1

Mr. Mayor, where is the city going to build the new sports stadium?

ne: Mayor:

We haven't made our final decision yet. The Major  Respuesta correcta: told told   Newsline  that  Respuesta incorrecta: he hadn't made their. Respuesta del sistema: they hadn't made their he hadn't made their they hadn't made their  final decision yet. 

Daily

When are you going to announce the decision?

World : Mayor:

I plan to make the announcement soon. He 

2

Respuesta correcta: said said  that  Respuesta incorrecta: he planned. Respuesta del sistema: he planned to make he planned he planned to make  the announcement soon.  

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Newsli

Isn't it true that Jim Edwards, the owner of the baseball team, isn't

ne:

too happy about it?

Mayor:

Mr. Edwards changed his mind at a meeting yesterday. He  Respuesta correcta: said said  that Mr. Edwards  Respuesta correcta: had changed had changed  his mind at a meeting Respuesta correcta: the day before the day before . 

The

How do the fans feel about losing City Stadium?

Tribun e: Mayor:

Most fans are looking forward to having a modern stadium. He 

4

Respuesta correcta: told told  The Tribune  that most fans  Respuesta incorrecta: were loking forward. Respuesta del sistema: were looking forward were loking forward were looking forward  to having a modern stadium. Daily

How old is the current

World

stadium?

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: Mayor:

The city built the stadium in 1970. He  said  that the city  had built  the stadium in 1970.

Newsli

What do you think about the Soccer Federation's action against

ne:

Nick Crawford?

Mayor:

I don't know the details of Crawford's situation. He  Respuesta correcta: said said  that  Respuesta correcta: he didn't know

he didn't know  the details of Crawford's situation Module B Tests 

1

I believe my mother will  Respuesta correcta: make me do make me do volunteer work for my little sister's school over break. 

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I'm afraid I can't go to the movie tonight. I promised my boyfriend that I would  Respuesta correcta: help him write help him write his paper for his biology class. 

Mary thinks her professor will  Respuesta correcta: let her miss the class next week let her miss the class next week, but I don't think so. That professor is tough Amy:

Talia, did you come up with a guest list? No, I didn't. When we  Respuesta correcta: were talking

Talia:

were talking about the party last week, you said you would do it, didn't you?

Amy:

No, I didn't. Well,  Respuesta correcta: neither

Talia:

neither did I.

Amy:

So who is going to work on it?

Talia:

I guess I can do it … How about the restaurant?

3

Amy:

Talia, I am so busy. I really don't have time because I have so much work. Well,  Respuesta correcta: so do

Talia:

so do I. Maybe we should postpone the party. No, that's OK. In fact, I just  Respuesta correcta: heard heard that Rick's Cafe has added a special room just for meetings and parties, so I'll call

Amy: later today to reserve it Hi Talia, You're not the only one who has great news! First, my boss  Respuesta correcta: told told me that I got promoted for my hard work! Then he asked me  Respuesta correcta: to write to write  a report on the last project – he's usually the one who writes the reports! And one more thing, he says that I am the one  Respuesta correcta: who who is going to assist him with the new project. Isn't this great news? Well, I guess I'd better get back to work. Tony:

Hi, honey. I'm afraid that I may be late for our dinner date. There's an emergency here. If I  Respuesta correcta: don't show up don't show up(not show up) at six, then you should leave without me, and I'll meet you there. I  Respuesta correcta: will call will call (call) you if anything else comes up. See you soon.

Talia:

Hi, Zoe. I  Respuesta correcta: was going to was going to call you the other day, but forgot to. It sure is  Respuesta correcta: difficult to catch difficult to catch each other! We're both so busy! I 

Respuesta incorrecta: am planning. Respuesta del sistema: had planned am planninghad planned to stop by your work, but things got really crazy with my story! I guess it's time  Respuesta correcta: for us to get together for us to get together. I will be at Rick's tomorrow night. Please try to stop by. See you Talia:

Hi, Zoe. It's been such a long time. How are you?  I'm great. Wait a minute! Did you  Respuesta correcta: get

Zoe:

get your hair done?  Yes, how does it look? I  Respuesta correcta: had it cut

Talia:

had it cut at the new styling salon.  Oh, it's beautiful. I'd love to cut my hair, but I

Zoe:

can't.  But, Zoe, you  Respuesta correcta: told told me a few weeks ago that you made an

Talia:

appointment to cut your hair!  I did, but I canceled it. I  Respuesta correcta: was going

Zoe:

was going to cut it, but I didn't have the courage!

C. Resources Learning Objectives Listening • Predict people's reactions to events • Listen for advice

• Listen to understand people's personalities • Listen and respond to questions on a personality test Speaking • Blaming yourself • Blaming someone else • Comforting someone • Respond to comforting Grammar • Wish • Past unreal conditional • Be supposed to Pronunciation • Reduced phrases: supposed to, have to, has to, want to • Unstressed words: could, would Reading and Vocabulary • Getting the meaning from context • Understanding main ideas and details Writing • Pre-writing technique: Make a mind map • Task: Write a paragraph about how to buy flowers • Skill: Give advice

Unit Summary Video Listening Watch the video and answer questions about the information and ideas in it. Learn more about body language and other cultural aspects of the video. Vocabulary Learn the meanings and usage of these words that begin with over-: overbook, overcharge, overcome, overdo, overeat, overestimate, overhear, overlap, overlook, oversee Speaking Learn expressions you can use to • blame yourself: I blew it. • blame someone else: It's all her fault. • comfort someone: Don't be so hard on yourself. • responding to comforting: Yeah, maybe I'm overreacting. Grammar Learn to express yourself using • wish: I wish you would stop kicking yourself. • past unreal conditional: If I had been more careful, we would have had the evidence! • be supposed to: I'm supposed to be a professional! Task Listening Listen to the statements and take "The Optimist Test" to find out if you are an optimist or a pessimist.

Pronunciation Practice your pronunciation of • reduced phrases (supposed to, have to, has to, want to): We were supposed to be celebrating tonight. • unstressed words (could, would): I wish I could go back and do it over. Reading Read an article about what flowers mean in different countries. On the Web Research how to buy flowers. Give advice on how to buy flowers.

Grammar: Wish 1. We use wish + the simple past to make a wish about      something in the present.     Talia: I wish I had a recording of their conversation.     This means that Talia doesn't have a recording now, but she      wants one.     Amy: I wish Talia didn't work all the time.     In the example, Talia works all the time, but Amy doesn't want      her to.     When the verb is be, we usually use were after wish, even for     singular subjects.     Talia: I wish I were that optimistic. 2. We use wish + the past perfect to talk about things in the      past that we regret.     Talia: I just wish I had been more careful.     In the example, Talia wasn't careful, and she regrets it.   3. We use wish + would + the base form of the verb to express a      wish for someone to act in a different way.

    Nick: And I wish you would stop kicking yourself.     We don't use will after wish.     We do NOT say: X I wish you will stop kicking yourself.   4. We use wish + could to express a wish about an ability in the      present.     Talia: I wish I could go back and do it over.     We don't use can after wish.     We do NOT say: X I wish I can go back and do it over.

Grammar: Wish  1 Complete each sentence. Click on the box and then choose the correct answer. 6/6 100% 

1

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2

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3

Nick: I wish Talia  Respuesta correcta: weren't weren't so upset about her mistake.

Nick: She wishes she  Respuesta correcta: could be could be more optimistic. So do I.

Nick: I wish she  Respuesta correcta: wouldn't wouldn't be so hard on herself. Everyone makes mistakes. 

Jackie: I wish I 

4

Respuesta correcta: hadn't agreed hadn't agreed to help Dean. It was a stupid thing to do. 

5

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6

Talia: I wish I  Respuesta correcta: were were as forgiving as Nick.

Amy: I wish I  Respuesta correcta: could help could help Talia feel better.

Grammar: Past Unreal Conditional 1. We use the past unreal conditional to talk about past      conditions and results that never happened. The if-clause      expresses the unreal condition. The result clause expresses the      unreal result.     Talia: If I had been more careful, we would have had the      evidence!     This means that Talia wasn't careful and as a result, they don't     have the evidence.     We often use the past unreal conditional to express regrets      about what happened in the past.     Talia: If I hadn't messed it up, we'd have the tape now.     In the example, Talia regrets that she messed up the recording. 2. The verb in the if-clause is in the past perfect.     Nick: If you hadn't done such a good job, we'd never have      known the truth.

    We form the verb in the result clause with would have + the      past participle.     Nick: If you hadn't done such a good job, we'd never have      known the truth.     Notice that in conversation, we often use the contraction 'd for      would and wouldn't for would not. We also use the contraction      'd for had and hadn't for had not.

Grammar: Present Unreal Conditional 2 Complete each dialog. Type the correct form of the verbs in parentheses into the blanks. Use the present unreal conditional. In this activity you are graded on capitalization (lowercase and UPPERCASE). Example: i think james isn't fun. I think James isn't fun. 4/12 33%

Jackie:

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1

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2

Dean is going to be so angry at me!

Lola:

If I  Respuesta correcta: were were  (be) you, I  Respuesta correcta: would stay would stay  (stay) away from him.

Lucas:

Why do you need Amy's address?

Tim:

If I  Respuesta correcta: had had

 (have) it, I  Respuesta correcta: could send could send  (can send) her a post card. 

Milo:

Are you going to tell Les the truth?

Clara:

I don't think so. If I 

3

Respuesta incorrecta: had told. Respuesta del sistema: told had told told  (tell) him, he  Respuesta incorrecta: would not have believed. Respuesta del sistema: would not believe would not have believed would not believe  (not believe) me. 

Clio:

Is Jackie a good actress?

Ben:

Not really. If she  Respuesta incorrecta: had been. Respuesta del sistema: were had been were  (be) good, she  Respuesta incorrecta: would have get. Respuesta del sistema: would get would have get

4

would get  (get) more parts. 

5

A few of us are going to Valentino's next Friday. Why don't

Pilar:

you come, too? James:

Sorry, but I can't. If I  Respuesta incorrecta: had not have. Respuesta del sistema: didn't have had not have didn't have  (not have) so much work, I  Respuesta incorrecta: would have joined. Respuesta del sistema: would join would have joined would join  (join) you. 

Ida:

I'm exhausted. I  Respuesta incorrecta: had taken. Respuesta del sistema: would take had taken would take  (take) a vacation right now if I  Respuesta incorrecta: would have had. Respuesta del sistema: had would have had had (have) the time. 

6

Jan:

Where would you go?

Sally Curran started her journalism career a lot earlier than most reporters. Curran was born in Washington, D.C., in 1975, but grew up in Raleigh, North Carolina. Before the Curran family  Respuesta correcta: moved moved  (move) to Raleigh, both her parents  Respuesta incorrecta: were working. Respuesta del sistema: had been working were working had been working  (work) for a TV news show in Washington, D.C. In Raleigh, her father became the news reporter for a local TV show, and her mother worked for a national newspaper. In middle school in 1985, Curran  Respuesta correcta: decided decided  (decide) to publish a newsletter, The Cul-de-Sac, to report neighborhood news. Her interest in reporting wasn't surprising – by 1985, she  Respuesta incorrecta: was watching. Respuesta del sistema: had been watching was watching had been watching  (watch) her father report the evening news for years. Cul-de-Sac printed Curran's first big story, a local pollution scandal. "This factory  Respuesta incorrecta: threw. Respuesta del sistema: had been throwing threw had been throwing  (throw) its waste into our river for years when I  Respuesta correcta: reported reported  (report) it," Curran said. By the time she  Respuesta correcta: became became  (become) editor of her high school newspaper, Curran  Respuesta incorrecta: covered. Respuesta del sistema: had been covering covered had been covering  (cover) neighborhood news for several years.

Grammar: Should Have 2 Complete the sentences. Choose a word from the answer pool. Type the correct form of the word into the blank. You may also need to use the negative.

Nick:

I really like Talia. I  Respuesta correcta: should have asked should have asked  her for a date when we were in college.

Tony:

Talia doesn't have much experience. Maybe I  Respuesta incorrecta: shouldn't have gave. Respuesta del sistema:

shouldn't have given shouldn't have gave shouldn't have given  the Crawford story to her. 

Talia:

I'm still angry at myself for not pushing the right buttons on the tape player. I  Respuesta correcta: should have been should have been  more careful.

Amy:

Poor Talia. I  Respuesta correcta: should have gone should have gone  to the restaurant with her and Nick. I could've helped them.

Coach:

I feel sorry for Nick. He's a nice guy and a great athlete. This  Respuesta correcta: shouldn't have happened shouldn't have happened  to him.

Jackie:

3

I'm so angry at Dean. I  Respuesta correcta: should have known should have known  that I couldn't trust him

 1 Why did Jackie say, "Surprise!"?

She went to Talia's apartment without an invitation. Talia a birthday gift.

She wanted to give

She wanted to show Talia a video tape.

 2 How did Jackie get Talia's phone number?

She asked Amy.

She looked up Talia's address.

it.  3 Why did Jackie go to Talia's apartment?

She heard Nick say

to bother Talia 

to tell the truth

to be friends with Talia

Why is Talia interviewing Jackie? She needs to have a story for her next Newsline deadline. truth to be told about Nick Crawford.

She wants the

She wants to make Jackie famous. 

What role did Jackie play in the scandal? She pretended to wear Kicks Shoes.

2

She posed as the Kicks marketing VP.

She acted like she worked at the health club. 

Why did Talia say "And then?" to Jackie? She wanted Jackie to reveal what happened next. would happen next. Talia:

She didn't know what

She was annoyed with Jackie for not telling the whole story.

I wonder how the sudden change in Jackie came  Respuesta correcta: about about.

Nick:

I don't know. But I'm glad Jackie finally decided to come  Respuesta correcta: forward forward with the truth.

Talia:

I agree. If she hadn't, it might have come  Respuesta correcta: down to down to defending yourself in court.

Nick:

I think you're right. I'm glad it came  Respuesta correcta: out out that it's Dean who is guilty, and not me!

Talia:

Nick, what would you do if you could do anything you wanted?

Nick:

Well, before I found out there was no endorsement deal, I  Respuesta correcta: had been had been planning to manage my own soccer team. I still think that 

3

Respuesta correcta: if I had if I had a million dollars, I'd buy one and manage it. Talia:

I think you should have  Respuesta correcta: gotten gotten some kind of endorsement deal, especially after all that you've been through.

Nick:

Yeah. If Dean and Jackie  Respuesta incorrecta: wouldn't. Respuesta del sistema: weren't wouldn'tweren't working so hard to make their own success, we all might be able to work together to get an endorsement deal.

Talia:

Well, if I were you, I  Respuesta correcta: wouldn't expect wouldn't expect that to happen anytime soon.

Nick:

You're right. Oh, well, let's not worry about what might have been. Why don't we go get some lunch?

Talia:

John, you  Respuesta correcta: should've should've gone to last night's soccer game! It was amazing! Can you go to the championship game tomorrow?

John:

If I  Respuesta correcta: didn't didn't have so much work, I'd go. But I can't.

Talia:

Wow. You must be busy.

John:

Yeah. By midnight last night, I  Respuesta incorrecta: have been. Respuesta del sistema: had been have beenhad been working for 12 hours.

Talia:

Well, you 

Respuesta correcta: should should have taken a break. If I  Respuesta correcta: were were you, I'd go crazy working so long!

C-4 Learning Objectives Listening • Predict topics of conversation • Listen for specific information about events in people's lives • Listen for main ideas about people's relationships • Listen to the key ideas in short testimonial speeches Speaking • Talking about intentions • Talking about plans • Wishing someone luck • Asking for future updates Grammar • Adjective clauses – review and expansion • Auxiliary verbs for emphasis • Review of phrasal verbs Pronunciation • Stress in phrasal verbs • Vowels followed by r Reading and Vocabulary • Getting the meaning from context • Understanding main ideas and details Writing • Pre-writing technique: Take notes • Task: Write a summary of reviews of a classic film • Skill: Summarize main ideas Video Listening Watch the video and answer questions about the information and ideas in it. Learn more about body language and other cultural aspects of the video. Vocabulary Learn the meanings and usage of these phrases with break: break a habit, break a law, break a promise, break a record, break a story, break a sweat, break new ground, break somebody's heart, break the ice, break the news to somebody

Speaking Learn expressions you can use to • talk about intentions: I've been meaning to call you. • talk about plans: What are you planning to do? • wish someone luck: I'm sure everything will work out. • ask for future updates: Keep me posted. Grammar Learn to express yourself using • adjective clauses – review and expansion: Is Talia Santos the reporter who broke the story? • auxiliary verbs for emphasis: It does seem like yesterday. • review of phrasal verbs: Things have worked out for you, Nick. Task Listening Listen to the speeches given at a party for Talia. Match the quotes with the correct person. Pronunciation Practice your pronunciation of • stress in phrasal verbs: Amy called me up. I just found out the news. • vowels followed by -r: work, perfect, care, here Reading Read an article about endings in movies. On the Web Research classic films. Summarize reviews of a classic film

Grammar: Auxiliary Verbs for Emphasis 1 Amy:

Remember the day Nick told you he saw Jackie Bishop on TV?

Talia:

I do remember it. I remember it well.

Amy:

It really seems like just yesterday.

Talia:

It does seem like yesterday. But so much has happened since then.

Amy:

Have you heard that Jackie got a part in a toothpaste commercial?

Talia:

I have heard that.

Amy:

She looks kind of silly in it.

Talia:

She does look silly, doesn't she?

Amy:

You seem a little depressed, Talia.

Talia:

I am a little depressed. I miss Nick.

Amy:

Why don't you call him? 

Talia:

I will call him as soon as I have a chance. 

Grammar: Auxiliary Verbs for Emphasis 2 Complete each dialog. Type the correct form of be or an auxiliary verb for emphasis into the blank.

Talia:

I thought you said that Amy called you.

Nick:

She did call me. But she obviously didn't tell me everything. 

Talia:

Well, it seems like everything has worked out.

Nick:

It does seem that way. I told you to be optimistic. 

Nick:

You know, we should celebrate tonight. 

Talia:

I agree. We should celebrate. Any ideas? 

Nick:

How about Valentino's? 

Talia:

Perfect. But we do need reservations. I'll call them. 

Talia:

By the way, have you seen Jackie's commercial?

Nick:

I have seen it – a few times too many!

Talia:

You still seem very angry at her.

Nick:

I am angry at her. She almost destroyed my career. 

Talia:

But she helped prove your innocence.

Nick:

She did help. I suppose I should be grateful. 

Nick:

Well, my grandmother always said the truth would win out.

Talia:

She was right! The truth did win out.

Grammar: Review of Phrasal Verbs 

called up: convocar



clear up: aclarar



came out: salir, resultar



dropped by: retirarse, abandonar



help out: ayudarse:



keep on: continuar



left out: excluido



let down: defraudar



turned down: rechazado turned out: resultar producer

1. Phrasal verbs are verbs that have two parts--a verb + a     particle.     Turn out is a phrasal verb. Turn is the verb; out is the particle.     The particle looks just like a preposition, but it is actually one      part of this two-part verb. The particle often changes the      meaning of the verb.     Patty: Let me know how things turn out.     In the example, turn out means have a particular result. As you      can see, the verb turn plus the particle out has a completely      different meaning from the verb turn by itself. 2. Some phrasal verbs are inseparable. This means that the two      parts--verb and particle--always stay together. When an      inseparable phrasal verb has an object, the object always comes      after the two parts of the verb.     Amy: What do you think of the commercial?     Talia: What do I think of it? I think it's ridiculous.     In the conversation, the noun the commercial and the pronoun it      are objects of the verb think of. Both noun and pronoun objects      always come after an inseparable phrasal verb. 3. Some phrasal verbs are used with certain prepositions when      they have an object. We sometimes call these combinations      three-part verbs. Three-part verbs are inseparable.

    Patty: Things have worked out for you, Nick.     The phrasal verb work out means stop being a problem. We      use it with the preposition for when there is an object.      We don't use the preposition when there is no object.     Nick: Yes, they have worked out.   4. Many phrasal verbs are separable. This means that the noun      object can come either after or between the two parts of the      verb.     Talia: I turned down the job.     Talia: I turned the job down. 5. When the object of a separable phrasal verb is a pronoun (a      word like him, her, or it), it must go between the verb and the      particle.     Nick: Why did you turn down the job?     Talia: I turned down the job because I didn't want to move.     We do NOT say: X I turned down it.   6. Remember, we use phrasal verbs a lot, especially in      conversation. Phrasal verbs are often more common than their      definitions. For example,     Mark: I ran into my cousin yesterday.     is more common than     Mark: I met my cousin by accident yesterday.

Vocabulary 2 Lynn has written an email to Amy. Complete the email. Drag and drop the answers into the correct blanks. You will not use all of the answers. 2/3

67% 

oversee overreact came out come by came across

Hi Amy, thanks for your note. Guess what? Yesterday, I  Respuesta correcta: came across came across my friend Jane at the supermarket and she told me about her work at the schools. I know that you are always looking for a good news story, so you might want to talk to her. She is going to  Respuesta incorrecta: came out. Respuesta del sistema: oversee came outoversee a group of teachers who are trying to arrange better teaching conditions. She'll be in charge of the whole process. Why don't you  Respuesta correcta: come by come by some time tonight? I can tell you more about it, and you can decide if you want to research it.  See you,  Lynn Hi, Amy, it's Talia. I finally talked to Nick and I  Respuesta correcta: broke the news broke the news to him about messing up the tape. I guess I was  Respuesta incorrecta: overcharging. Respuesta del sistema: overestimating overchargingoverestimating how strong his reaction would be. He didn't get angry at all! I guess I need to  Respuesta correcta: break the habit break the habit of thinking I know how people will respond before I give them a chance. I tend to exaggerate too much, don't I? Well, call me and I'll give you the details. Bye!

Speaking 1 Complete each dialog. Click on the box and choose the correct answer. 3/3 100% 

Car Rental

I'm sorry, but you must be at least 25 years old to rent a car

1

Salesclerk:

from us. You are too young.

Susan:

What?!  Respuesta correcta: This is ridiculous This is ridiculous. 

Jim:

I can't believe I failed that test! I studied a lot!

Keri:

Calm down. 

2

Respuesta correcta: Getting angry won't do any good Getting angry won't do any good. 

Terry:

Mom, can I miss school next week to go to a Shakira concert? 

Terry's

No. I don't want you to miss school for a concert. 

3

mom: Terry:

What?!  Respuesta correcta: You can't be serious You can't be serious! I never get to have any fun!

Speaking 2 Complete each dialog. Click on the box and choose the correct answer. 2/3 67% 

Amy:

Oh, hi, Jim. How are you?

Jim:

I'm great, Amy. It's nice to see you again. 

Amy:

It's nice to see you too.  Respuesta incorrecta: Let me know how everything goes. Respuesta del sistema: I've been meaning to call you, but I haven't had time Let me know how everything goesI've been meaning to call you, but I haven't had time.

1



2

So, 

Nick:

Respuesta correcta: do you have any plans for the future do you have any plans for the future? Adam:

After I finish college, I hope to get a good job as a computer engineer.  

I have an interview tomorrow at a large international

Kim:

company.  Tracey:

Really? Good luck.  Respuesta correcta: Let me know how everything goes Let me know how everything goes

Grammar 1 Talia is writing an entry in her journal at home. Complete the entry. Click on each box and choose the correct answer. 1/7 14% 

Oct. 25th 

I cannot believe Nick forgave me. If I  Respuesta correcta: were were him, I wouldn't be able to do that. Before I saw him today, I  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: had been playing had been playing horrible scenarios over and over in my mind, but he was so understanding. Since he forgave me, I know I  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: am supposed to am supposed to be happy, but I'm not. I wish I  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: could have

3

could have done things differently.

I know I  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: should have been should have been more careful, but I guess these things happen and everybody makes mistakes. But this did  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: turn out turn out well for me in one way. If I hadn't made such a mistake, I  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: wouldn't have wouldn't have found out what a nice guy Nick is.

Grammar 2 Talia and her friend Zoe are having a conversation at Rick's Café. Complete the dialog. Drag and drop the answers into the correct blanks. You will not use all of the answers. 0/5 0% 

whom shouldn't have did shouldn't be shall be 'll be talking that couldn't have

Zoe:

So, tell me, is there anyone special? 

Talia:

Well, sort of. How did you know? Well, you  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: did did tell me that you were interested in someone, remember? So, let's

Zoe:

hear about him.

Well, remember I've been working on a story about a famous soccer Talia:

player? The story  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: that that you're really spending a lot of time on? Wait a second ... don't tell

Zoe:

me that's the guy! Nick? I probably  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: shouldn't be

Talia:

shouldn't be interested in him, but I am.

Zoe:

Oh, that's great! Thanks. I  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: 'll be talking 'll be talking to Nick tomorrow after work. We're planning to have

Talia:

dinner. I can't wait! You're so lucky! I probably  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: shouldn't have shouldn't have asked you such personal questions, but I'm glad you

Zoe:

told me about Nick! Congratulations!

Grammar 3 Tony's wife is leaving a voicemail message on his cell phone. Read the message. Type the correct form of the verb in parentheses into each blank. Use the past perfect continuous tense or the future continuous tense. 0/2 0% 

Hi, Tony, it's me. It's funny – when you left the message, I  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: 'd been trying 'd been trying  (try) to reach you for at least an hour. I wanted to ask you if it's okay for us to go to that new nightclub after dinner. Anyway, I  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: 'll be leaving 'll be leaving

 (leave) here at six. If I don't hear from you by then, I'll see you at the restaurant. Hi Zoe,  I have great news to tell you. Remember last time we talked and I said, "I wish I  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: were were a reporter"? Well, from now on, I don't need to dream about this because I am a reporter now! Even though I made some mistakes, my boss really liked the story  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: which which I've been working on so hard. It  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: might have might have seemed impossible before, but I really have been promoted! Call me! Let's celebrate!  Talia

Grammar 5 Complete the sentences. Click on the box and choose the correct answer. 0/3 0% 

1



2



3

I didn't have time to finish my paper. I wish I  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: hadn't gone out hadn't gone out with my friends last night.

Professor Johnston says I never study. I  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: do do study. I study every day.

When I get bored at work, sometimes I imagine I'm in a place  Sin respuesta. Respuesta del sistema: where where nobody needs to work, and everyone has fun all the time.