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6TH

MOUNTAIN BIKE MAINTENANCE

Integrated shifters CHAPTER 5

FOR ALL

MOUNTAIN + HYBRID

Dropper seatposts

Carbon frames CHAPTER 17

Integrated headsets CHAPTER 12

CHAPTER 14

BICYCLES

Shock rebuilds CHAPTER 17

Through-axle forks CHAPTER 16

12-speed cassettes CHAPTER 8

Hydraulic disc brakes

Electronic shifting

CHAPTER 9

CHAPTER 6

Carbon wheels CHAPTER 8

PressFit CHAPTER 11

Chain care CHAPTER 4

Clip-in pedals CHAPTER 13

Tubeless tires CHAPTER 7

Zinn & the Art of Mountain Bike Maintenance, 6th Edition Text copyright © 2018 by Lennard Zinn Illustrations copyright © 2018 by VeloPress All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic or photocopy or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations within critical articles and reviews.

3002 Sterling Circle, Suite 100 Boulder, CO 80301–2338 USA VeloPress is the leading publisher of books on endurance sports. Focused on cycling, triathlon, running, swimming, and nutrition/diet, VeloPress books help athletes achieve their goals of going faster and farther. Preview books and contact us at velopress.com. Distributed in the United States and Canada by Ingram Publisher Services Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Name: Zinn, Lennard, author. Title: Zinn & the art of mountain bike maintenance : the world’s best-selling guide to    mountain bike repair / Lennard Zinn. Other titles: Zinn and the art of mountain bike maintenance | Zinn and the art of mountain    bike maintenance Description: 6th edition. | Boulder, Colorado : VeloPress, [2018] | Earliest edition bears title:    Zinn and the art of mountain bike maintenance. Identifiers: LCCN 2017058778 | ISBN 9781937715472 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects:  LCSH: Mountain bikes—Maintenance and repair—Handbooks, manuals, etc. Classification: LCC TL430 .Z56 2018 | DDC 629.28/772—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017058778 This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). Cover and interior design by Erin Farrell / Factor E Creative Cover photographs by Brad Kaminski Front cover bike built by Lennard Zinn Custom paint job on front cover bike by Spectrum Paint & Powder Works 1983 Ritchey “Faux Lugs” Competition courtesy of The Pro’s Closet, Boulder, CO, www.theproscloset.com Illustrations by Mike Reisel and Todd Telander 18 19 20 / 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

CONTENTS

Introduction xiii

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR 1 Tools 2 Basic Stuff 3 Emergency Repairs 4 Chains 5 Cable-Shift Transmissions 6 Electronic Shifting Systems 7 Tires 8 Wheels 9 Disc Brakes 10 Rim Brakes 11 Cranks and Bottom Brackets 12 Handlebars, Stems, and Headsets 13 Pedals 14 Saddles and Seatposts 15 Wheelbuilding 16 Forks 17 Frames

1 15 33 49 67 113 139 153 183 21 1 235 263 293 31 1 329 349 389

APPENDIXES A B C D

Troubleshooting Index Gear Development Mountain Bike Fitting Torque Table

415 421 429 437

Glossary 451 Bibliography 463 Index 465 Illustration Index 479 About the Author and Illustrators 484

I.1 

Believe it or not, you will be able to put all of this back together!

INTRODUCTION Peace of mind isn’t at all superficial, really. It’s the whole thing. That which produces it is good maintenance; that which disturbs it is poor maintenance. What we call workability of the machine is just an objectification of this peace of mind. The ultimate test’s always your own serenity. If you don’t have this when you start and maintain it while you’re working, you’re likely to build your personal problems right into the machine itself. —ROBERT M. PIRSIG, ZEN AND THE ART OF MOTORCYCLE MAINTENANCE

This book is intended for people who have an interest

romantic can follow the simple step-by-step procedures

in maintaining their own mountain bikes. I have written

and “exploded” diagrams in this book (of which Fig. I.1 is

it for mountain bike owners who do not think they’re

an extreme example and is the only one not intended to

capable of working on their own bikes, as well as for

be simple and clear!) and discover a passion for spread-

those who do and who want the how-to details at their

ing new grease on old parts.

fingertips.

Zinn & the Art of Mountain Bike Maintenance is

In Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, the

organized in such a way that you can pick maintenance

late Robert Pirsig explores the dichotomy between the

tasks appropriate for your level of confidence and inter-

purely classical and purely romantic views of the world,

est. The repairs in these pages require no special skills

a dichotomy that also applies to mountain biking. Riding

to perform; anyone can do them. It takes only a willing-

a mountain bike is generally a romantic experience of

ness to learn.

emotion, inspiration, and intuition, even when solving

Mountain bikes are admirably resilient machines.

the complex physics of how to negotiate a technical sec-

You can keep one running a long time just by changing

tion of trail without putting your foot down. Mountain

the tires and occasionally lubricating the chain. Chapter

bike mechanics, however, is a purely classical structure

2 is about the most minimal maintenance your bike

of underlying form dominated by reason and physi-

requires. Even if that is the only part of this book you

cal laws. The two practices—mountain bike riding and

end up using, you’ll have gotten your money’s worth by

mountain bike maintenance—fit eloquently together.

avoiding some unpleasant experiences out on the trail.

Each is designed to function in a particular way, and to

This book is intended for home enthusiasts,

have one without the other would be missing out on

not professional mechanics. For that reason, I have not

half the fun.

included the long and precise lists of parts specifica-

The romantic can appreciate how success at bike

tions that a shop mechanic might need. Nonetheless,

mechanics requires that the procedures be done with

when combined with a specification manual, this book

love, without which the care you imagined putting into

can be a useful, easy-to-follow reference for bike shop

your mountain bike would be lost. And even the pure

mechanics, too.

xiii

xiv

WHY DO IT YOURSELF? There are a number of reasons why you would want to

rather than being reluctant to ride for fear of breaking something.

maintain your own mountain bike. Obviously, if done

Also, if you share my stubborn unwillingness to

right, it is a lot cheaper to do yourself than to pay some-

throw something out and buy a replacement simply

one else to do it. This is certainly an important factor

because it has quit working—be it a leaky Waterpik; a

for those riders who live to ride and have no visible

torn tent; a duffle bag with a broken zipper; or an old car,

means of support. Self-maintenance is a necessity for

dishwasher, clock, or chainsaw that is no longer running

that crew.

well—then this book is for you. It is satisfying to keep an

As your income goes up and the time available to maintain your bike goes down, this becomes less and

old piece of equipment running long past its prime, and it’s a great learning experience!

less true. If you’re a well-paid professional with limited

There is also something very liberating about going

free time, it probably does not make as much economic

on a long ride and knowing that you can fix just about

sense to maintain your own bike. Yet you may find that

anything that might go wrong with your bike out on the

you enjoy working on your bike for reasons other than

trail. Armed with this knowledge (which begins with

just saving money. Unless you have a mechanic whom

learning to identify the parts of a mountain bike, shown

you trust and to whom you take your bike regularly, you

in Fig. I.2) and the tools to put it into action, you will have

are not likely to find anyone else who cares as much

more confidence to explore new areas and to go farther

about your bicycle’s smooth operation and cleanliness

than you might have otherwise.

as you do. You may also need your bike fixed faster than

To illustrate, an experience from way back in 1995

a local shop can do during its busy season. And you

comes to mind, when I took a day to ride the entire 110-

need to be able to fix mechanical breakdowns that occur

mile White Rim Trail loop in Utah’s Canyonlands National

on the trail.

Park. It is quite dry and desolate out there, and I was

It is a given: Breakdowns will happen, even if you

completely alone with the sky, the sun, and the rocks for

have the world’s best mechanic working on your bike.

long stretches. I had a good mileage base in my legs, so

For this reason, it takes away from my enjoyment of a

I knew I was physically capable of doing the ride during

ride if I have something on my bike that I do not under-

the limited daylight hours of late October. I had checked,

stand well enough to know whether it is likely to last the

replaced, or adjusted practically every part of my bike

ride or how to fix it if it does not.

in the weeks before the ride. I had also ridden the

There is an aspect of bicycle mechanics that can be

bike on long rides close to Moab in the preceding days

extremely enjoyable in and of itself, almost independent

and knew that it was in good running order. Finally, I

of riding the bike. Bicycles are the epitome of elegant sim-

added to my saddlebag tool kit a few tools that I do not

plicity. Bicycle parts, particularly high-end components,

ordinarily carry.

are meant to work well and last a long time. The best

I knew that there was very little chance of anything

ones are designed and engineered by people who care

going wrong with my bike, and with the tools I had, I

deeply about them and how they work. With the proper

could fix almost anything short of a broken frame on the

attention, these parts can shine both in appearance and

trail. Armed with this knowledge and experience, I really

in performance for years to come. There is real satisfac-

enjoyed the ride! I stopped and gawked at almost every

tion in dismantling a filthy part that is not functioning well,

breathtaking vista, vertical box canyon, colorful bal-

cleaning it up, lubricating it with fresh grease, and reas-

anced rock, or windblown arch. I took scenic detours.

sembling it so that it works like new again. Knowing that

I knew that I had a good cushion of safety, so I could

I made those parts work so smoothly—and that I

totally immerse myself in the pleasure of the ride. I had

can do it again when they get dirty or worn—is reward-

no nagging fear of something going wrong to dilute the

ing. I am eager to ride hard to see how they hold up

experience.

INTRODUCTION

xv Confidence in your mechanical ability allows you

Each chapter starts with a list of required tools in the

to be more courageous about what you will try on trails.

margin. If a section involves a higher level of work, there

And armed with this confidence, you’ll be more willing to

will be an icon designating the level and tools necessary

share your love of the sport with less experienced riders.

to perform the tasks in that section. Tasks and illustra-

Bringing new people along on rides is a lot more fun if

tions are numbered for easy reference. For instance,

you know that you can fix their bikes and they won’t be

“3-6” means “see Section 3-6 in Chapter 3.” Illustrations

stranded with a junker that won’t roll.

are referred to as “Figures,” for instance, “Fig. 3.3.” At the end of some chapters there is a troubleshoot-

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

ing section. This is the place to go to identify the source

Skim through the entire book. Skip the detailed steps,

of a certain noise or particular malfunction in the bike.

but look at the exploded diagrams and get the general

There is also a comprehensive troubleshooting guide

flavor of the book and what’s inside. When it is time to

in Appendix A.

perform a particular task, you’ll know where to find it, and you’ll have a basic idea of how to approach it. Along with illustrators Todd Telander and Mike

There is a wealth of other valuable information in the appendices. Get used to using them; many tasks will be simplified.

Reisel, I have done my best to make these pages as

Appendix B has complete gear charts for the three

understandable as possible. Exploded diagrams are

most common mountain-bike wheel sizes, and it also

purposefully used instead of photographs to show more

includes instructions on calculating your gear with non-

clearly how each part goes together. The first time you

standard-size wheels. Appendix C is an extensive sec-

go through a procedure, you may find it easier to have

tion on selecting a properly sized bike and positioning it

a friend read the instructions out loud as you perform

to fit you. Appendix D lists the tightening specifications

the steps.

of almost every bolt on the bike in the Torque Table. As

Obviously, some maintenance tasks are more com-

bike parts become ever lighter and made out of ever

plicated than others. I am convinced that anyone with

more exotic materials, tightening them to the recom-

an opposable thumb can perform virtually any repair on

mended torque spec becomes ever more important.

a bike. Still, it pays to spend some time getting familiar

The glossary is a comprehensive dictionary of moun-

with the really simple tasks, such as fixing a flat, before

tain bike technical terms. There is a separate index of

throwing yourself into complex jobs, such as servicing a

the key words as well as of the illustrations in the book

suspension fork.

if you want to quickly check and see what something

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

looks like.

THE MOUNTAIN BIKE Tasks and tools required are divided into three lev-

This (Fig. I.2) is the creature to which this book is

els indicating their complexity or required proficiency.

devoted (in this case, a “hardtail” with cantilever brakes).

Level 1 tasks need level 1 tools and require of you only

All of a mountain bike’s major parts are illustrated and

an eagerness to learn. Level 2 and level 3 tasks also

labeled here. Take a minute to familiarize yourself with

have corresponding tool sets and are progressively

these parts now, and refer back to this diagram when-

more difficult. All repairs mentioned in this book are

ever necessary.

classified as level 1 unless otherwise indicated. Tools

The mountain bike comes in a variety of forms, from

are shown in Chapter 1. The section at the end of

models with rigid frames and forks (Fig. I.3), to hardtails

Chapter 2, “Performing Mechanical Work: A General

(front suspension only—Fig. I.2), to models with front- and

Guide” (2-19), is a must-read; it states general policies

rear-suspension systems (Fig. I.4). They can come with

and approaches that apply to all mechanical work.

rim brakes (Figs. I.2, I.3, and I.5) or disc brakes (Fig. I.4).

INTRODUCTION

xvi

I.2 

See? There it is, all back together!

saddle

seatpost

top tube cable boss or stop

seat binder

seatstay rear brake

seat tube

rear cogs/cassette

front derailleur

chain

chainring rear derailleur chainstay jockey wheel

INTRODUCTION

xvii

handlebar stem headset integrated brake/shift lever head tube

suspension fork

front brake

tire

valve stem

spoke

downtube fork

rim

waterbottle bosses front hub crankarm

clip-in pedal

INTRODUCTION

xviii A mountain bike generally comes with knobby

ness to learn, your bike will transform itself from a mys-

tires in a 26-inch, 27.5-inch, or 29-inch diameter, and

terious contraption seemingly too complicated to tam-

fat bikes have their own fatter and taller tires. Smaller

per with to a simple, very understandable machine that

24-inch wheels and tires are found on small mountain

can be a genuine delight to work on. Just allow yourself

bikes. Tire widths and shapes vary and include every-

the opportunity and the dignity to follow along, rather

thing from studded snow tires to smooth street tires. This

than deciding in advance that you will never be able to

book also covers “hybrid” bikes (Fig. I.5), which are a

do this. All you have to do is follow the instructions and

cross between road bikes and mountain bikes.

trust yourself.

No matter how a mountain bike is configured, even

So, set aside your self-image as someone who

those who see themselves as having no mechanical

is “not mechanically oriented” (and any other factors

skills will be able to tackle problems as they arise if

that may stand in the way of your making your moun-

they study the steps necessary to properly maintain and

tain bike ride like a dream), and let’s start playing with

repair their bike. With a little bit of practice and a willing-

your bike!

I.3 

Fully rigid

INTRODUCTION

xix

I.4 

Fully suspended

I.5 

Hybrid

INTRODUCTION

Behold, we lay a tool here and on the morrow it is gone. —THE BOOK OF MORMON

1

TOOLS Y

ou can’t do much work on a bike without tools.

only to ask your sage advice but also to borrow

Still, it’s not always clear exactly which tools to

your tools.

buy. This chapter identifies the tools you should

After that, if you really want to go all out and be

consider owning on the basis of your level of

set up like a pro (and have a line of mechanics wait-

mechanical experience and interest.

ing to borrow your tools), you can splurge on the set

As I mentioned in the Introduction, the main-

shown in Figure 1.4. If you loan tools, you might con-

tenance and repair procedures in this book are

sider marking your collection and keeping a file of

classified by their degree of difficulty. Nearly all the

who has what to help recover those items that might

repairs in this book are classified as level 1, unless

otherwise take a long time finding their way back to

otherwise indicated. The tools for levels 1, 2, and 3

your workshop. You would be surprised how easy it

are pictured and described in the following pages.

is to forget who has one of your seldom-used tools

Lists of the tools needed in each chapter are shown

when you need your snapring pliers or a metric tap.

in the margin at the beginning of each chapter. For the uninitiated, there is no need to rush out

1-1

and buy a large number of bike-specific tools. With

LEVEL 1 TOOL KIT

only a few exceptions, the Level 1 Tool Kit (Fig. 1.1A) consists of standard metric tools. This kit is simi-

LEVEL 1

Level 1 repairs are the simplest and do

lar to the collection of tools I recommend later in

not require a workshop, although it is

this chapter to carry with you on rides (Figs. 1.5 and

nice to have a good space to work. You will need

1.6), though in a sturdier and more durable form.

the following tools (Fig. 1.1A):

The Level 2 Tool Kit (Fig. 1.2) contains several bike-

• Tire pump with a gauge and a valve chuck

specific tools, allowing you to do more complex

to match your bike’s tubes (either Presta or

work on the bike. The tools in the Level 3 Tool Kit

Schrader valves—see Fig. 1.1B; many pumps will

(Fig. 1.3) are extensive (and expensive), and they

fit both). A spare rubber insert for the chuck is a

ensure that your riding buddies will show up not

good idea; these wear out.

1

2

1.1A 

Level 1 Tool Kit 15mm pedal wrench

chain-elongation gauge

tire levers

standard screwdrivers

Phillips-head screwdrivers

spare tubes chain tool

tire pump with gauge

spoke wrench pad spacers

patch kit TALCUM POWDER

talcum powder

chain lube

6" adjustable wrench metric hex keys

grease

noggin

pliers needle-nose pliers

folding metric hex keys

RUBBING ALCOHOL plenty of rags

Schrader valve adapter for old Marzocchi and RockShox forks

rubbing alcohol

metric open-end/ box-end wrenches

• Standard screwdrivers: small, medium, and large (one of each). • Phillips-head screwdrivers: one small and one medium.

shock pump

• Patch kit. Choose one that comes with sandpaper, not a metal scratcher, and patches with soft orange rubber backing to the black rubber (Fig. 7.10). At least every year and a half, check that the glue has not

• Set of three plastic tire levers (Fig. 7.5).

dried up, regardless of whether the tube has been

• At least two spare tubes of the same size and valve

opened or not. On rides, you may as well take a little

type as those on your bike. • Container of talcum powder for coating the inside of tires. Do not inhale this stuff.

Z I N N & T H E A RT O F M O U N TA I N B I K E M A I N T E N A N C E

packet of glueless patches; they don’t work as well as standard patches, but if the glue in your patch kit has dried up, you’ll be glad you have them.

3 • One 6-inch adjustable wrench (a.k.a. Crescent

1.1B 

Valve types

wrench).

Presta

• Pliers: regular and needle-nose. • Set of metric hex keys (a.k.a. Allen wrenches or hex wrenches) that includes 2.5mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm, and 10mm sizes. Folding sets are available and work nicely to keep your wrenches organized. But the folding variety aren’t strong enough or long enough in the big sizes (6mm and up); big bolts

Schrader

require more leverage so you’ll want the full-size model. I also recommend buying extras of the 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, and 8mm sizes.

Schrader valve adapter

• Set of metric open-end/box-end wrenches that includes 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, and 17mm sizes. • 15mm pedal wrench (Fig. 13.3). This is thinner and longer than a standard 15mm wrench and thicker and

Other useful items:

stronger than a cone wrench. Your bike’s pedals may

• If you have an air-sprung suspension fork or rear

accept only a 6mm or 8mm hex key (Fig. 13.4), so you

shock, you need a shock pump. Get one with a no-

may not need this tool.

leak head (Fig. 16.11), and get the adapter you need

• Chain tool for disconnecting and reconnecting chains

if your bike’s fork requires either a ball needle (Fig.

(Figs. 4.10 and 4.11). Older chain tools may be too wide

16.12) or a special adapter to insert inside a sunken

for the narrow chains on newer bikes; read the Pro

Schrader valve.

Tip in Chapter 4 before buying one. • Chain-elongation gauge to monitor the condition of

1-2

the chain (Figs. 4.5 and 4.6).

LEVEL 2 TOOL KIT

• Spoke wrench that matches the size of the nipples on your bike’s wheels.

LEVEL 2

Level 2 repairs are a bit more complex, and

• Pad spacers for disc brakes to prevent pushing the

I recommend that in addition to assembling

pads out too far when the wheel is out. Sometimes

these tools you create a well-organized workspace with

these have an integrated bleed block and hose-

a shop bench. Keeping your workspace organized is

clamping groove, which are required for cutting and

probably the best way to make maintenance and repair

bleeding hydraulic brake hoses.

easy and quick. You will need the entire Level 1 Tool Kit

• Tube or jar of grease. I recommend using bicycle

(Fig. 1.1A) plus the following tools (Fig. 1.2):

grease; however, if you already have some automo-

• Portable bike stand. Be sure that the stand is sturdy

tive grease, you can use it on everything except sus-

enough to remain stable when you’re really cranking

pension forks and shocks or in twist shifters.

on the wrenches. If for some reason you can’t clamp

• Drip bottle of chain lubricant (Fig. 4.1). Please choose a

your bike’s seatpost, you will need a bike stand that

nonaerosol; it is easier to control, uses less packaging,

holds the bike by the bottom bracket and the front or

and wastes less in overspray.

rear end with one wheel out; see the one in Figure 1.4.

• Rubbing alcohol for cleaning disc-brake pads, rotors, shocks, and internal parts and for removing and installing handlebar grips. • A lot of rags!

• Shop apron (to keep your nice duds nice). • Tire pressure gauge. It is more accurate than a pump gauge and a must for getting pressure exact for technical riding.

1 |  T O O L S

4 • Hacksaw with a fine-toothed blade. • Box-cutter knife (Fig. 11.32) or razor blades. • Files: one round and one flat, not too coarse. • Cable cutter for cutting coaxial shift cable housing without crushing it as well as for cutting brake and shifter cables without fraying. • Set of metric socket wrenches that includes 7mm,

grooves and for use in removing snaprings from suspension forks, pedals, and other parts. • Cone wrenches for loose-bearing hubs (Fig. 8.9). The standard sizes are 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, and 16mm, but check which size you need before buying. • Medium ball-peen hammer. • Two headset wrenches. Be sure to check the size

8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 13mm, 14mm, and 15mm sizes.

of the headset nuts (Fig. 12.30) before buying these.

• Torx keys, which look like hex keys with star-shaped

This purchase is unnecessary if your bike has a

tips. Torx T10, T25, and T30 are common sizes on

threadless headset and you don’t plan to work on old

modern bikes.

bikes. Some suspension forks have crown nuts that fit

• Crank puller for removing crankarms (Fig. 11.6) if you

headset wrenches.

have an old, three-piece crankset. Its push rod is

• Medium bench vise, bolted securely to the bench;

sized for either square-taper spindles (Fig. 11.20) or

especially useful for working on rear shocks (Figs.

ISIS or Octalink spindles (Figs. 11.21 and 11.22); get the

17.9, 17.11, and 17.14).

right one for your crankset. • Chainring-nut tool for holding the nut while you tighten or loosen a chainring bolt (Fig. 11.9).

• Cassette lockring tool for removing cogs from the rear hub (Figs. 8.27 and 8.28) as well as some Center Lock rotor lockrings (Fig. 9.7).

• Chainring-cassette removal tools, if you happen to

• Chain whip for holding cogs while loosening the

have old Shimano Octalink–style HollowTech I cranks

cassette lockring (Fig. 8.28) or a Pedro’s Vise Whip,

(Fig. 11.12).

which holds the cog more firmly (Fig. 8.27) and won’t

• Bottom-bracket tools. For external-bearing cranks

fall off like a chain whip does when the freewheel

(Fig. 11.2), you’ll need an oversize splined wrench

rotates, saving your knuckles when the lockring

to remove the cups (Fig. 11.14); this will also remove

breaks free.

some Center Lock rotor lockrings (Fig. 9.8). For some

• Channellock pliers.

Shimano cranks, you’ll also need a little splined

• Splined pedal-spindle removal tool (Fig. 13.9).

tool to tighten the left crank’s adjustment cap. To fit

• Tweezers.

smaller external-cup sizes without having to buy a

• Fine (180 grit) drywall sanding screen for sanding

wrench or socket for each size, use a splined step-

disc-brake pads.

down insert to plug into a standard external-bearing

• Valve core removers for both Schrader and Presta

splined tool. For sealed-cartridge bottom brackets

valves. These are used for tire service and shock

(Figs. 11.20 and 11.21), you’ll need a splined bottom-

service.

bracket socket (Fig. 11.28); if your bike has an ISIS or Octalink splined-spindle bottom bracket, you’ll need

• Tire sealant for setting up tubeless tires (Fig. 7.17) or installing into inner tubes for puncture protection.

one with a bore large enough to swallow the fatter

• Fine-tipped grease gun.

spindle (Fig. 11.21), and if your bike has a square-taper

• Assembly paste. Especially for seatposts (Fig. 14.7).

cartridge bottom bracket (Fig. 11.20), the bigger-bore

• Tube of silicone-based grease if you have Grip Shift

tool (Fig. 11.21) will work on both types. And for oldstyle cup-and-cone and adjustable cartridge-bearing bottom brackets (Figs. 11.23 and 11.24), you’ll need a lockring spanner and a pin spanner to fit the bottom bracket (Fig. 11.31). • Snapring pliers (Fig. 11.27) for BB30 cranks (Fig. 11.15) and other unthreaded bottom brackets with snapring

Z I N N & T H E A RT O F M O U N TA I N B I K E M A I N T E N A N C E

shifters. • Nonlithium suspension grease for front and rear shocks and pivots. • Threadlock fluid for keeping bolts tight that have a tendency to unscrew. • Penetrating oil or ammonia for freeing stuck parts. • Sound system laden with good tunes.

5

1.2 

Level 2 Tool Kit

portable bike stand

cone wrenches

snapring pliers

ball-peen hammer

headset wrenches

hacksaw shop apron

cassette and rotor lockring tool medium bench vise Channellock pliers

tire pressure gauge

chain whip

files: 1 round, 1 flat

Pedro’s Vise Whip tweezers splined pedalspindle removal tool

razor blades or box-cutter knife cable cutter

valve core removers

Presta

metric socket wrenches

Torx T25, T30 wrenches

drywall sanding screen

fine-tipped grease gun

crank puller

Shimano hollow-crank chainring-cassette tools

Schrader

tire sealant chainringnut tool

silicone grease

threadlock fluid assembly paste

integrated-spindle external-bearing tool

lockring spanner

pin spanner

splined stepdown insert

splined socket wrench

sound system

penetrating oil

1 |  T O O L S

GLOSSARY

adjustable cup the non-drive-side cup in the bottom

BB (see “bottom bracket”).

bracket (Fig. 11.23). This cup is removed for mainte-

bearing (see “ball bearing”).

nance of the bottom-bracket spindle and bearings,

bearing cone a conical part with a bearing race around

and it adjusts the bearings. The term is sometimes

its circumference. The cone presses the ball bear-

also applied to the top cup of the headset (Figs.

ings against the bearing race inside the bearing cup

12.20–12.21).

(Fig. 8.6).

AheadSet (a trademark of Dia-Compe and Cane Creek;

bearing cup (or “headset cup”) a polished, dish-

or “threadless headset”): a style of headset that

shaped surface inside which ball bearings roll. The

allows the use of a fork with a threadless steering

bearings roll on the outside of a bearing cone that

tube (Fig. 12.6).

presses them into their track inside the bearing cup

Allen key (or “Allen wrench”) (see “hex key”). all-terrain bike (ATB) another term for mountain bike. anchor bolt (or “cable anchor” or “cable anchor bolt” or “cable-fixing bolt”): a bolt securing a cable to a component (Fig. 5.3).

(Figs. 8.6, 11.5, 12.19). bearing race a track or surface on which the bearings roll. The race can be inside a cup, on the outside of a cone, or inside a cartridge bearing. binder bolt a bolt clamping a seatpost in a frame (Fig.

Answer Products an American bicycle- and motorcycle-

14.7), a bar end to a handlebar (Fig. 12.7), a stem to a

component company and the parent company of

handlebar (Fig. 12.5), or securing a threadless steer-

Manitou. Avid a brake manufacturer, subsidiary of SRAM. axle a shaft around which a part turns, usually on bearings or bushings. axle overlock dimension a length of a hub axle from dropout to dropout, referring to the distance from locknut face to locknut face (Fig. 17.28).

ing tube (Fig. 12.6). bonk (1) v. to run out of fuel for the human body so that the ability to continue strenuous activity is impaired. (2) n. the state of having such low blood sugar from insufficient intake of calories that the ability to perform vigorous activity is impaired. bottom bracket (BB) an assembly that allows the crank

ball bearing a set of balls, generally made out of steel

to rotate (Fig. 11.13). Generally the bottom-bracket

or ceramic, rolling in a track to allow a shaft to spin

assembly includes bearings and an axle and on

inside a cylindrical part; may also refer to one of the

older bikes may include a fixed cup, an adjustable

individual balls.

cup, and a lockring.

bar end a short handlebar extension clamped onto the

bottom-bracket drop the vertical distance between

end of the handlebar and extending approximately

the center of the bottom bracket and a horizontal

perpendicular to it (Fig. 12.7).

line passing through the wheel-hub centers. Drop is

barrel adjuster a threaded cable stop that allows for fine adjustment of cable tension. Barrel adjusters

equal to the wheel radius minus the bottom-bracket height (Appendix C, Fig. C.1).

are commonly found on rear derailleurs, shifters,

bottom-bracket height the height of the center of

and brake levers (Figs. 5.3, 5.20–5.21, 10.1) and

the bottom-bracket spindle above the ground (see

dropper-post remote levers.

Appendix C, Fig. C.1).

451

452 bottom-bracket shell a cylindrical housing at the bottom of a bicycle frame through which the bottombracket axle passes (Fig. 11.13). brake a mechanical device that decelerates or stops

tubes are thicker and other sections are thinner to reduce weight. cable (or “inner wire”): wound or braided wire strands used to operate brakes and derailleurs.

the motion of the wheel (and hence of the bicycle

cable anchor (see “anchor bolt”).

and rider) through friction.

cable anchor bolt (see “anchor bolt”).

brake block (see “brake pad”).

cable boss (see “cable stop”).

brake booster an arch-shaped part bolted to the ends

cable end cap a cap on the end of a cable that keeps

of the brake bosses to reduce the flex of the bosses and seatstays when the cantilever or V-brakes are applied (Fig. 10.33).

it from fraying (Fig. 5.26). cable hanger cable stop on a stem, headset washer, fork, or seatstay arch used to stop the brake cable

brake boss (or “brake pivot,” or “brake post,” or “can-

housing for a cantilever or U-brake (Figs. 10.4–10.6).

tilever boss,” or “cantilever pivot,” or “cantilever

cable housing (or “outer wire”): a metal-reinforced exte-

post”): a fork- or frame-mounted pivot for a brake arm (Figs. 16.2–16.3, 17.1).

rior sheath through which a cable passes (Fig. 5.26). cable stop (or “cable boss,” or “cable-housing stop,”

brake caliper a brake part fixed to the frame or fork

or “outer wire stop”): a fitting on the frame, fork, or

containing moving parts attached to brake pads that

stem at which a cable-housing segment terminates

stop or decelerate a wheel (Figs. 9.11, 9.13, 9.14, 9.17, 9.19, 9.20, 9.22, 9.24, 9.26, 9.27–9.29).

(Fig. 17.1). cable-housing stop (see “cable stop”).

brake pad (or “brake block”): a block of rubber or simi-

cage two guiding plates through which the chain trav-

lar material used to slow the bike by creating friction

els. Both the front and rear derailleurs have cages.

on the rim, hub-mounted disc, or other braking sur-

The cage on the rear also holds the jockey pulleys.

face (Figs. 9.1–9.3, 9.5, 9.24, 9.27–9.29).

Also, a water-bottle holder.

brake pivot (see “brake boss”).

caliper (see “brake caliper” and “measuring caliper”).

brake post (see “brake boss”).

Campagnolo an Italian bicycle-component company.

brake shoe a metal pad holder that secures the brake

Cane Creek (originally Dia-Compe USA): American

pad to the brake arm (Fig. 10.14). braze-on boss a generic term for most metal frame

bicycle-component company and originator of the threadless headset.

attachments, even those not brazed but rather

cantilever boss (see “brake boss”).

welded or glued to the frame.

cantilever brake a cable-operated rim brake consisting

brazing a method commonly used to construct steel

of two opposing arms pivoting on frame- or fork-

bicycle frames. Brazing involves the use of brass or

mounted posts. Pads mounted to each brake arm

silver solder to connect frame tubes and attach vari-

are pressed against the braking surface of the rim

ous “braze-on” items, such as brake bosses, cable

via cable tension from the lever (Figs. 10.16–10.32).

guides, and rack mounts, to the frame. Although it

cantilever pivot (see “brake boss”).

is rarely done, it is also possible to braze aluminum

cantilever post (see “brake boss”).

and titanium.

cartridge bearing ball bearings encased in a cartridge

bushing a metal or plastic sleeve that acts as a simple

consisting of steel inner and outer rings, ball retain-

bearing in pedals, suspension forks, rear shocks

ers, and sometimes bearing covers (Figs. 8.5, 8.23,

and shock-mounting points, suspension swingarms,

11.31).

derailleur pivots, and jockey wheels. butted tubing a common type of frame tubing with varying wall thicknesses. Butted tubing is designed to accommodate high-stress points; the ends of the

G LO S S A RY

cassette a group of cogs that mounts on a freehub (Fig. 8.23); also, a group of chainrings that mounts on a spiderless crankarm (Fig. 11.12). cassette hub (see “freehub”).

453 casting (see “outer leg”).

cone a threaded conical nut that serves to hold a set of

chain a series of metal links held together by pins and

bearings in place and also provides a smooth surface

used to transmit energy from the crank to the rear

upon which those bearings can roll (Fig. 8.6); can also

wheel (Fig. 4.1).

refer to the conical (or male) member of any cup-and-

chain link a single unit of bicycle chain consisting of

cone ball-bearing system (see also “bearing cone”).

four plates with a roller on each end and in the

crank bolt (see “crankarm anchor bolt”).

center (Fig. 4.7).

crank length the distance between the centerline of

chain suck a dragging of the chain by the chainring past the release point at the bottom of the chainring.

the bottom-bracket spindle and the centerline of the pedal axle (Appendix C, Fig. C.4).

The chain can be dragged upward until it is jammed

crankarm a lever attached at the bottom-bracket

between the chainring and the chainstay (Fig. 4.27).

spindle and to the pedal used to transmit a rider’s

chain whip (or “chain wrench”): a flat piece of steel, usually attached to two lengths of chain (Fig. 1.2).

energy to the chain (Fig. 11.1). crankarm anchor bolt (or “crank bolt”): a bolt attaching

This tool is used to remove the rear cogs on a free-

the crank to the bottom-bracket spindle on a cotter-

hub or freewheel. (See also “Vise Whip,” a more

less drivetrain (Fig. 11.1).

robust and secure substitute for this tool.) chainline an imaginary line connecting the center of the middle chainring with the middle of the cogset.

crankset an assembly that includes a bottom bracket, two crankarms, a chainring set, and accompanying nuts and bolts (Fig. 11.1).

This line should, in theory, be straight and parallel to

cross-three (see “three-cross”).

the vertical plane passing through the center of the

crowfoot socket (see “crowfoot wrench”).

bicycle. The chainline is measured as the distance

crowfoot wrench (or “crowfoot socket” or “crow’s

from the center of the seat tube to the center of the

foot”): a flat, open-end wrench head with a square

middle chainring (5-50, Fig. 5.61).

hole at its base to accept the drive stub of a socket

chainring a multiple-tooth sprocket attached to the right crankarm (Fig. 11.1). chainring-nut tool a tool used to secure the chainring

wrench or torque wrench (Fig. 1.3). crow’s foot (see “crowfoot wrench”). cup a cup-shaped bearing surface that surrounds the

nuts while tightening the chainring bolts (Fig. 1.2).

bearings in a bottom bracket (Fig. 11.13), headset (Fig.

chainstay a frame tube on a bicycle connecting the

12.19), or hub (Fig. 8.6) (see also “bearing cup”). Also,

bottom-bracket shell to the rear dropout and hence

the upper part of the shaft-eyelet assembly of a rear

to the rear hub axle (Figs. 17.1–17.2). chase (see “goose chase”). circlip (or “Jesus clip” or “snapring”): a C-shaped or spiral ring that fits in a groove to hold two cylindrical parts together. clip-in pedal (or “clipless pedal”): a pedal that relies on

shock (the big end of the shock). damper (or “damping cartridge”): a mechanism in a suspension fork or shock that reduces the speed of the spring’s oscillation movement (Fig. 16.25). damping a reduction in speed of the oscillation of a spring, as in a suspension fork or shock.

spring-loaded clips to grip a cleat attached to the

damping cartridge (see “damper”).

bottom of the rider’s shoe without the use of toeclips

derailleur a gear-changing device that allows a rider to

and straps (Fig. 13.2). clipless pedal (see “clip-in pedal”). cog a sprocket located on the drive side of the rear hub (Fig. 8.23). compression damping a diminishment of the speed of compression of a spring on impact by hydraulic or mechanical means.

move the chain from one cog or chainring to another while the bicycle is in motion (Figs. 5.3, 5.17–5.21). derailleur hanger a metal extension of the right rear dropout through which the rear derailleur is mounted to the frame (Fig. 17.1). Di2 model name of Shimano electronic-shifting com­ponents.

G LO S S A RY

454 diamond frame a traditional bicycle frame shape (Fig. 17.1).

electronic shifting (see also “Di2”): a system for shifting gears on a bicycle in which the power to shift the

disc brake a brake that stops the bike by squeezing

derailleurs comes not from the pull on a cable, but

brake pads attached to a caliper mounted to the

rather from an electric signal turning a servo motor

frame or fork (Figs. 9.9–9.11) against a circular disc

on and off.

attached to the wheel (Figs. 9.6–9.8). dish (or “wheel dish”): a difference in spoke tension on the two sides of the rear wheel (Fig. 15.23).

endo a (usually unintentional) rotation of the bike and rider forward over the front wheel. expander bolt a bolt that when tightened pulls a

dishing (or “wheel dishing”): a centering of the rim in

wedge up inside or alongside the part into which the

the frame or fork by adjustment of spoke tension in

bolt is anchored to provide outward pressure and

a wheel.

secure said part inside a hollow surface. Expander

dishing tool a tool to check the centering of a wheel rim relative to the axle ends. double a two-chainring drivetrain setup (as opposed to a three-chainring, or “triple,” setup). down tube a frame tube that connects the head tube and bottom-bracket shell together (Fig. 17.1). drift a flat-ended rod used for driving out bearings and bushings.

bolts are found inside quill stems (Figs. 12.9–12.10) and some handlebar-end plugs and handlebarend shifters. expander wedge (or “wedge”): a part threaded onto an expander bolt and usually used to secure a quill stem inside the fork steering tube or handlebar-end plugs or handlebar-end shifter inside a handlebar. An expander wedge is threaded down its center

drivetrain the crankarms, chainrings, bottom bracket,

axis to accept the expander bolt and is either cylin-

front derailleur, chain, rear derailleur, and freewheel

drical in shape and truncated along an inclined

(or cassette).

plane (Figs. 12.9–12.11) or conical in shape and trun-

drop (1) the difference in height between two parts

cated parallel to its base.

(see also “bottom-bracket drop”). (2) a terrain dis-

ferrule a cap for the end of cable housing (Fig. 5.26).

continuity you may or may not want to ride off.

fixed cup a nonadjustable cup of the bottom bracket

(3) something not to do with your tools. dropouts (or “fork ends” or “fork tips”): slots in the fork and rear triangle where the wheel axles attach (Figs. 16.2, 17.1). dropper post a telescoping seatpost whose length can be adjusted on the fly, while riding. DT (a.k.a. DT Swiss): a manufacturer of spokes, other bicycle components, and tools. dust cap a protective cap keeping dirt out of a part. easy-out a cone-shaped, hardened-steel tool with

located on the drive side of the bottom bracket (Fig. 11.13). flange largest diameter of the hub, where the spoke heads are anchored (Fig. 15.4). fork a part that attaches the front wheel to the frame (Figs. 16.1–16.3). fork casting (see “outer leg”). fork crown a crosspiece connecting the fork legs to the steering tube (Figs. 16.1–16.2). fork ends (see “dropouts”).

coarse, reverse threads to remove broken bolts. To

fork rake (or “offset,” “rake,” or “wheel offset”): per-

remove a broken bolt with one, a hole is drilled into

pendicular offset distance of the front axle from an

the center of the bolt, the easy-out is inserted into

imaginary extension of the steering-tube centerline

the hole, and the easy-out is then turned with a tap

(see also “steering axis”).

handle in a counterclockwise direction. elastomer a urethane spring sometimes used in sus-

fork steerer (see “steering tube”). fork tips (see “dropouts”).

pension forks (Fig. 16.26), rear shocks, suspension

fork trail (or “trail”): the distance measured on the

seatposts, and saddles; also called an MCU for the

ground between the vertical line passing through

material and construction (microcellular urethane).

the center of the front-hub axle (i.e., the center of

G LO S S A RY

455 the wheel contact patch) and the extension of the

tube and onto the steering tube, that secures the

centerline of the head tube.

fork and allows it to spin and swivel in the frame

Fox a bicycle-suspension manufacturer that makes

(Figs. 12.19–12.22).

forks, rear shocks, and dropper posts. Parent com-

headset cup (see “bearing cup”).

pany of RaceFace and Easton.

headset top cap (see “top cap”).

frame a central structure of a bicycle to which all of the parts are attached (Figs. 17.1–17.2). freehub (or “cassette hub”): a rear hub that has a builtin freewheel mechanism to which the rear cogs are attached (Fig. 8.23). freewheel a mechanism through which the rear cogs are attached to the rear wheel on a derailleur bicycle

head tube the front tube of the frame through which the steering tube of the fork passes (Fig. 17.1). The head tube is attached to the top tube and down tube and contains the headset. hex key (or “Allen key” or “Allen wrench”): a hexagonal wrench that fits inside a hexagonal hole in the head of a bolt (Fig. 1.1A).

(Figs. 8.23–8.25). The freewheel is locked to the

hub the central part of a wheel to which the spokes are

hub when turned in the forward direction, but it is

anchored and through which the wheel axle passes

free to spin backward independently of the hub’s

(Figs. 8.1, 8.5–8.7).

movement, thus allowing the rider to stop pedaling

hub brake a disc, drum, or coaster brake that stops

and coast as the bicycle is moving forward (see also

the wheel with friction applied to a braking surface

“freehub”). friction shifter a traditional (nonindexed) shifter attached to the frame or handlebar. Cable tension is maintained by a combination of friction washers and bolts.

attached to the hub. Hurricane

Components

a

bicycle-component

company. Hutchinson a French tire company.

front triangle (or “main triangle”): the head tube, top

hydraulic brake a type of brake that uses fluid pres-

tube, down tube, and seat tube of a bike frame

sure to move the brake pads against the braking

(Fig. 17.1).

surface (Figs. 9.11, 10.33).

FSA (Full Speed Ahead): a manufacturer of bicycle components. girl’s bike (see “step-through frame”).

index shifter a shifter that clicks into fixed positions as it moves the derailleur from gear to gear. inertia valve a valve on the compression-damping

goose chase (see “wild goose chase”).

system on a front or rear shock that opens upon

granny gear the lowest gear, generally of a triple drive-

hard impacts and otherwise stays closed, in order

train. In the granny gear the chain is on the largest

to distinguish between bump forces and pedaling

rear cog and the innermost (usually of three) front

forces and prevent the shock from bobbing up and

chainrings.

down during pedaling. The inertia valve is similar

Grip Shift a twist shifter of the SRAM Corporation that

to a lockout lever, but unlike a lockout, it allows the

is integrated with the handlebar grip of a mountain

shock to still be fully active for bump absorption

bike (Figs. 5.34–5.37). The rider shifts gears by twist-

while engaged.

ing the grip (see also “twist shifter”).

inner (see “inner leg”).

handlebar a curved tube, connected to the fork via the

inner leg on a telescoping suspension fork, a tube,

stem, that the rider holds in order to turn the fork

usually clamped into the fork crown (except in the

and thus steer the bicycle. The brake levers and shift

case of an “upside-down fork”), that slides in and

levers are attached to it (Fig. 12.1).

out of the larger-diameter outer leg as the fork com-

head angle an acute angle formed by the centerline of the head tube and the horizontal. headset a bearing system, consisting of a number of separate cylindrical parts installed into the head

presses and rebounds (Fig. 16.26). On a standard (non-upside-down) fork, it is also called an “upper tube,” “inner,” or “stanchion.” inner wire (see “cable”).

G LO S S A RY

456 integrated headset a headset in which the bearing

rear derailleur’s parallelogram linkage elements

seats are integrated into the head tube (rather than

compared to the setup for a standard rear derailleur.

requiring separate headset cups) and the bearings

This arrangement results in the derailleur’s moving

are completely concealed within the head tube (Fig.

to the low-gear position (the largest, most inboard

12.20).

rear cog) when the cable tension is removed, rather

Jesus clip (see “circlip”).

than to the high-gear position (the smallest, most

jockey pulley (see “jockey wheel”).

outboard cog), as on a standard rear derailleur.

jockey wheel (or “jockey pulley”): a circular, cog-

Magura a German brake company.

shaped pulley attached to the rear derailleur that is

main triangle (see “front triangle”).

used to guide, apply tension to, and laterally move

Manitou an American suspension-fork and component

the chain from rear cog to rear cog (Fig. 5.47). knobby tire an all-terrain tire used on mountain bikes (Fig. 7.1). lawyer tabs (see “wheel-retention devices”). leverage ratio amount the rear axle moves vertically on a full-suspension bike with a given amount of movement of the shock shaft. link a pivoting steel hook on a V-brake arm that the

company, subsidiary of Answer Products. Marzocchi an Italian suspension-fork and component company. master cylinder a piston chamber at the lever end of a hydraulic brake system (Figs. 9.15, 10.33). master link a detachable link that holds the chain together. The master link can be opened by hand without a chain tool (Fig. 4.14).

cable-guide “noodle” hooks into (Fig. 10.12) (see also

Mavic a French wheel and bicycle-component company.

“chain link”).

MCU (see “elastomer”).

lock washer a notched or toothed washer that serves to hold surrounding nuts and washers in position. locknut a nut that serves to hold the bearing adjustment in a headset, hub, or pedal. lockout a valve on the compression-damping system on a front or rear shock that prevents the shock from compressing. Modern shocks usually have a “blow-

measuring caliper a tool for measuring the outside dimensions of an object or the inside dimensions of a hole by means of movable jaws (Fig. 1.4). Michelin a French tire company. mixte frame (see “step-through frame”). mounting bolt a bolt that mounts a part to a frame, fork, or component (see also “pivot bolt”).

off” system that will allow the compression-damping

needle bearing a steel cylindrical cartridge with rod-

circuit to open with a large impact to prevent the

shaped rollers arranged coaxially around the inside

shock from being damaged on big hits while the lockout is engaged.

walls (Fig. 8.20). nipple (1) a thin nut designed to receive the end of

lockring a large circular locknut. On a bottom bracket,

a spoke and seat it in the holes of a rim (Figs.

it is the outer ring that tightens the adjustable cup

15.1–15.2). (2) a flared tip of a hydraulic caliper bleed

against the face of the bottom-bracket shell (Fig.

fitting onto which a bleed hose can be attached

11.13). On a rear shock, the lockring is the threaded

(Fig. 9.26).

ring that tightens the coil spring on a coil-over shock

noodle a curved cable-guide pipe on a V-brake arm that

or is used to secure the fore-aft position of the shock

stops the cable housing and directs the cable to the

body on some air shocks. On a freehub, the lockring

cable anchor bolt on the opposite arm (Fig. 10.12).

holds the cogs on (Fig. 8.23). On a CenterLock disc

NoTubes (or “NoTubes.com”) (see “Stan’s NoTubes”).

brake–compatible hub, the lockring secures the

NoTubes.com (see “Stan’s NoTubes”).

rotor to the hub shell (Fig. 9.8).

offset (see “fork rake”).

Low Normal (originally “Rapid Rise”): a style of rear

outer (see “outer leg”).

derailleur pioneered by Shimano in which the return

outer leg in a telescoping suspension fork, a tube,

spring is connected to the opposite vertices of the

often cast from magnesium and attached to the

G LO S S A RY

457 front-wheel axle (except in the case of an “upside-

outer face of one crankarm at the pedal hole to the

down fork”), that slides up and down over the

outer face of the other crankarm at the pedal hole.

smaller-diameter inner leg as the fork compresses

quick-release (1) a tightening lever and shaft used to

and rebounds (Fig. 16.2). On a standard (non-upside-

attach a wheel to the fork or rear dropouts without

down) fork, it is also called the “casting,” “fork cast-

using axle nuts (Figs. 8.5–8.6). (2) a quick-opening

ing,” “outer,” or “slider.”

lever and shaft pinching the seatpost inside the seat

outer wire (see “cable housing”).

tube in lieu of a wrench-operated bolt. (3) a quick

outer wire stop (see “cable stop”).

cable release on a brake. (4) a fixing mechanism that

pedal a platform the foot pushes on to propel the

can be quickly opened and closed, as on a brake

bicycle (Figs. 13.1–13.2). pedal overlap (or “toe overlap” or “toeclip overlap”): an overlapping of the toe with the front wheel while pedaling (Appendix C, Fig. C.2). pedal platform a highly damped low-speed compression circuit on a rear shock or suspension fork designed to reduce pedal-induced bobbing as well as keep the suspension high during braking and while riding berms and dips. pedaling stance the lateral distance between the feet

cable or wheel axle. (5) any anchor bolt that can be quickly opened and closed by a lever. quill a vertical tube of a stem for a threaded headset system that inserts into the fork steering tube. It has an expander wedge and bolt inside to secure the stem to the steering tube (Fig. 12.9). quill stem a stem with a quill to insert inside a threaded fork steering tube (Fig. 12.9). race a circular track on which bearings roll freely (see also “bearing race”).

while pedaling. It’s the distance measured between

Race Face a Canadian bicycle-component company.

the two vertical planes defined by the inboard side

rake (see “fork rake”).

of each shoe at the first metatarsal as they move

Rapid Rise (see “Low Normal”).

around the pedaling circle.

Rapidfire shifter an indexing shifter manufactured by

pin spanner a V-shaped wrench with two tip-end pins. The pin spanner is often used for tightening

Shimano for use on mountain bikes with two separate levers operating each shift cable (Figs. 5.24, 5.37).

the adjustable cup of the bottom bracket or other

ratchet (see “socket wrench”).

lockrings (Fig. 1.2).

rear triangle a rear part of the bicycle frame that

pivot a pin about which a part rotates through a bearing or bushing. The pivot is found on brakes, derailleurs, and rear-suspension systems. pivot bolt a bolt on which another part pivots.

includes the seatstays, the chainstays, and the seat tube (Fig. 17.1). rebound damping a diminishing of speed of return of a spring by hydraulic or mechanical means.

preload (see “spring preload”).

ride height (see “sag”).

Presta valve a thin, metal tire valve that uses a locking

rim an outer hoop of a wheel to which the tire is

nut to prevent air from escaping from the inner tube or tire (Fig. 1.1B).

attached (Fig. 15.1). riser bar a handlebar with a double bend on each side

pulley (see “jockey wheel”).

of the stem clamp so that the grips are higher than

Q-factor the distance from the outer face of one cran-

the stem.

karm at the pedal hole to the plane formed by the outer face of the other crankarm at the pedal hole as it spins. Q-factor is measured normal to this plane. In practice, the easiest way to measure Q-factor is to

Ritchey an American bicycle and bicycle-component company. RockShox an American suspension-fork and component company, subsidiary of SRAM.

install the two crankarms on the spindle so that they

roller-cam brakes a brake system using pulleys and a

are parallel to each other (at 0 degrees, rather than at

cam to force the brake pads against the rim surface

180 degrees from each other) and measure from the

(Fig. 10.40).

G LO S S A RY

458 saddle (or “seat”): a platform made of leather and/or plastic upon which the rider sits (Fig. 14.1).

sidepull cantilever brake (see “V-brake,” Figs. 10.11–10.14).

sag (or “ride height”): the amount the front or rear

singletrack a trail with a single furrow made for feet

shock compresses with the rider’s weight static on

or a two-wheeled vehicle, as opposed to a road

the bike. Its purpose is to preload the shock so that

or “doubletrack,” which has a track for each pair of

it forces the rear wheel down into the ground when the bike is unweighted after a bump, thus increasing tire contact and traction in rough terrain. Schrader valve a high-pressure air valve with a springloaded air-release pin inside (Fig. 1.1B). Schrader

wheels on a four-wheeled vehicle. skewer (1) a long rod. (2) a hub quick-release (Figs. 8.5– 8.6). (3) a shaft passing through a stack of elastomer bumpers in a suspension fork (Fig. 16.25). slave cylinder a piston chamber in the caliper of a

valves are found on some bicycle inner tubes and

hydraulic brake.

tubeless tires, on air-sprung suspension forks and

slider (see “outer leg”).

rear shocks, and on automobile tires and tubes.

Slime a brand of tire sealant consisting of chopped

sealant (see “tire sealant”, Fig. 7.18).

fibers in a liquid medium injected inside a tire or

sealed bearing a bearing enclosed in a protective seal

inner tube to flow to and fill small air leaks (Fig. 7.18).

in an attempt to keep contaminants out (Fig. 8.5)

snapring (see “circlip”).

(see also “cartridge bearing”).

socket a cylindrical tool with a square hole in one end

seat (see “saddle”).

to mount onto a socket-wrench handle and with

seat angle an acute angle formed by the centerline of

hexagonal walls inside the opposing end to grip a

the seat tube and the horizontal. seat cluster an intersection of the seat tube, top tube, and seatstays. seat tube a frame tube into which the seatpost is inserted (Fig. 17.1). seatpost a tubular member supporting, securing, and

bolt head or nut (Fig. 1.2). socket wrench (or “socket wrench handle” or “wrench handle”): a cylindrical wrench handle with a ratcheting square head extending at right angles to the handle onto which sockets or other wrench bits for turning bolts or nuts are installed (Fig. 1.2).

allowing height adjustment of the saddle (Fig. 14.5).

spacer on a bicycle, generally a thick washer, cylindri-

seatstay a frame tube on a bicycle connecting the

cal in shape, intended to maintain a fixed distance

seat tube or the rear shock to the rear dropout and

between two parts. Spacers can be found between

hence to the rear hub axle (Figs. 17.1–17.2).

the headset and the stem and between the stem

shim a thin element inserted between two parts to

and the top cap on a threadless steering tube, and

ensure that they are the proper distance apart. On

between the upper bearing cup and the top nut

bicycles, a shim can be a thin washer and can be

on a threaded steering tube. Spacers may also be

used to space a disc-brake caliper away from the

used to space a bottom-bracket cup away from the

frame or fork or to space a bottom-bracket cup

frame’s bottom-bracket shell.

away from the frame’s bottom-bracket shell. A shim

spanner (British parlance): a wrench.

can also be a thin piece of metal used to make a

spider a star-shaped piece of metal that connects the

seatpost fit more tightly inside the seat tube. Shims

right crankarm to the chainrings (Fig. 11.1).

can also be small, thin discs found inside suspen-

spline one of a set of longitudinal grooves and ridges

sion forks and rear shocks to control suspension

designed to interlock two mechanical parts (Figs.

movement by permitting or hindering passage of

8.23, 9.7–9.8).

hydraulic fluid through an orifice. Shimano a Japanese bicycle-component company and

spokes metal rods that connect the hub to the rim of a wheel (Figs. 15.1–15.2).

maker of XTR, XT, Saint, LX, and STX component

spring an elastic contrivance that when compressed

lines as well as Rapidfire (shifters), SPD (pedals), and

returns to its original shape by virtue of its elasticity.

STI (shifting systems).

In bicycle suspension applications, the spring used

G LO S S A RY

459 is normally either an elastic polymer cylinder, a coil of steel or titanium wire, or compressed air.

measured along the top of the stem (Appendix C, Fig. C.4).

spring preload (or “preload”): an initial loading of a

step-through frame (or “girl’s bike,” or “mixte frame,” or

spring so that part of its compression range is taken

“women’s frame”): a bicycle frame with a steeply up-

up prior to impact.

angled top tube connecting the bottom of the seat

sprocket a circular, multiple-toothed piece of metal that

tube to the top of the head tube. The frame design is

engages a chain (see also “cog” and “chainring”).

intended to provide ease of stepping over the frame

SRAM an American bicycle-component company and maker of Grip Shift, Half Pipes, and ESP (derailleurs); owner of Sachs, RockShox, Avid, and Truvativ bicycle-component companies. stanchion (see “inner leg”). stand-over clearance (see “stand-over height”).

and ample stand-over clearance. straddle cable a short segment of cable connecting two brake arms together (Figs. 10.16–10.18). straddle-cable holder (see “yoke”). swingarm a movable rear end of a rear-suspension frame (Fig. 14.2). (see also “chainstay”).

stand-over height (or “stand-over clearance”): the

tap (or “thread tap”): a threaded tool made of hardened

distance between the top tube of the bike and the

steel to cut threads. It is shaped like a pointed bolt

rider’s crotch when the rider is standing over the

shaft, but it has lengthwise grooves cut across the

bicycle (Appendix C, Fig. C.1).

threads to give the threads cutting edges. The tap

Stan’s NoTubes (or “NoTubes” or “NoTubes.com”): a brand of tire upgrade system named after inventor

has a square head that fits in a handle to provide leverage to turn the tap.

Stan Koziatek that includes a latex-based tire sealant

threaded headset a headset whose top bearing cup

(Fig. 7.18) to convert a standard tire to a tubeless tire.

and top nut above it screw onto a threaded steering

star bolt (see “Torx bolt”). star nut (or “star-fangled nut”): a pronged nut that is

tube (Fig. 12.19). threadless headset (see “AheadSet”).

forced down into the steering tube and anchors the

three-cross (or “cross-three”): a pattern used by wheel

headset top cap bolt to adjust a threadless headset

builders that calls for each spoke to cross three oth-

(Figs. 12.6, 12.19–12.21).

ers in its path from the hub to the rim (Fig. 15.1).

star wrench (see “Torx wrench”).

through-axle a removable rod that forms not only the

star-fangled nut (see “star nut”).

axle of a front or rear hub but also the system that

steerer (see “steering tube”).

secures the wheel into the fork or frame.

steering axis the imaginary line around which the fork rotates (Fig. 16.51).

thumb shifter a thumb-operated shift lever attached on top of the handlebar (Fig. 5.31).

steering tube (or “fork steerer” or “steerer”): a vertical

tire bead an edge of a tire that seats down inside the

tube on a fork that is attached to the fork crown,

rim (Fig. 7.7). The bead’s diameter is held fixed to

fits inside the head tube, and swivels within it by

established standards by means of a strong, stretch-

means of the headset bearings (Figs. 16.1–16.3). A

and tear-resistant material—usually either steel or

steering tube can be threaded or threadless, mean-

Kevlar. These strands alone are also referred to as

ing that the top headset cup can either screw onto

the “bead.”

the steering tube or slide onto it, and the stem can

tire lever a tool to pry a tire off the rim (Figs. 7.4–7.5).

either insert inside the steering tube and clamp with

tire sealant a liquid that, when put into a tire, plugs

an expander wedge (threaded) or clamp around the

leaks when air under pressure forces it through the

steering tube (threadless).

leaks. The sealant (Fig. 7.18) either hardens in air or

stem (or “gooseneck”): a connection element between the fork steering tube and the handlebar (Fig. 12.1). stem length the distance between the center of the steering tube and the center of the handlebar

blocks the hole with fibers and flakes suspended in the liquid, or both. toe overlap (or “toeclip overlap”) (see “pedal overlap”). toeclip overlap (see “pedal overlap”).

G LO S S A RY

460 top cap (or “headset top cap”): a round top part of a

twist shifter a cable-pulling derailleur control handle

headset with a bolt passing through it that screws

surrounding the handlebar adjacent to the hand

into the star nut to apply downward pressure on the

grip. It is twisted forward or back to cause the derail-

stem to properly load and adjust the headset bear-

leur to shift (Fig. 5.28). (See also “Grip Shift.”)

ings on a threadless steering tube (Figs. 12.19–12.21).

U-brake a mountain bike brake consisting of two arms

top cup upper headset cup (see “bearing cup”).

shaped like inverted Ls affixed to posts on the frame

top tube a frame tube that connects the seat tube to

or fork (Fig. 10.39).

the head tube (Fig. 17.1).

unicrown a manufacturing method of nonsuspended

torque a rotational analogue of force. Torque is a vector

(i.e., rigid) forks in which the fork legs curve toward

quantity whose magnitude is the length of the radius

each other and are welded directly to the steering

from the center of rotation out to the point at which

tube (Fig. 16.3).

the force is applied, multiplied by the magnitude of

upper tube (see “inner leg”).

the force directed perpendicular to the radius. On

upside-down fork a suspension fork whose lower legs

bicycles, we are primarily interested in the tighten-

(attached to the wheel axle) are the inner legs of the

ing torque applied to a fastener (this value can be

fork and move up and down within the upper, outer

measured with a torque wrench—see Appendix D)

legs of the fork.

and the torque applied by the rider on the pedals to propel the rear wheel and hence the bicycle.

UST a tubeless-tire system originated by Mavic, Michelin, and Hutchinson in which an airtight tire

torque wrench a socket-wrench handle with a gradu-

with a sealing flap on its bead seals over a “hump”

ated scale and an indicator to show how much

on the ledge inside a rim free of spoke holes in the

torque is being applied as a bolt is being tightened

rim bed (Fig. 7.7).

(Figs. 1.3–1.4, 2.18; see Appendix D). Torx bolt (or “star bolt”): a bolt with a six-point starshaped hole in its head.

V-brake (or “sidepull cantilever brake”): a cableoperated cantilever rim brake consisting of two vertical brake arms pivoting on frame- or fork-

Torx wrench (or “star wrench”): a tool with a star-

mounted pivots pulled together by a horizontal

shaped end that fits in the star-shaped hole in the

cable. A brake pad is affixed to each arm, and there

head of a Torx bolt (Figs. 1.3, 1.5).

are a cable link and a cable-guide pipe on one

trail (1) where to ride your mountain bike. (2) (see “fork trail”). triple a three-chainring combination (Figs. 11.1–11.2, 11.4) attached to a right crankarm. Truvativ a bicycle-component manufacturer, subsidiary of SRAM. tubeless a system of rim and tire that stays inflated without an inner tube. tubeless ready a tubeless system distinct from the UST tubeless system. Tubeless-ready (TR) indicates that the rim or tire or both require tire sealant in order to

arm and a cable anchor on the opposite arm (Figs. 10.11–10.14). Vise Whip a Pedro’s tool (Zinn designed) with a ViseGrip handle used to remove the rear cogs on a freehub or freewheel (Fig. 1.2). (See also “chain whip.”) wedge (see “expander wedge”). wheel dish (see “dish”). wheel dishing (see “dishing”). wheel offset (see “fork rake”). wheelbase the horizontal distance between the two wheel axles.

stay inflated. A TR rim requires an airtight rim strip to

wheel-dishing tool (see “dishing tool”).

seal off the spoke holes in the rim bed. A TR tire is

wheel-retention devices (or “lawyer tabs”, or “wheel-

not guaranteed to be airtight without sealant inside

retention tabs”): cast-in or separate fixtures at the

to fill tiny pinholes in the tire casing; it is generally

fork ends designed to prevent the front wheel from

lighter than a UST tire, which is guaranteed to be

falling out if the hub quick-release lever or axle and

airtight due to having a thin coating of rubber inside.

nuts are loose.

G LO S S A RY

461 wheel-retention tabs (see “wheel-retention devices”).

yoke (or “straddle-cable holder”): a part on a cantilever

wild goose chase (see “chase”).

or U-brake attaching the brake cable to the straddle

women’s frame (see “step-through frame”).

cable (Fig. 10.26); also, the part of a rear-suspension

wrench (or “spanner,” in British parlance): a tool having

swingarm attached to the main pivot.

jaws, a shaped insert, or a socket to grip the head of a bolt or a nut to turn it.

Zinn the author of this book, not to be confused with Zen.

G LO S S A RY

INDEX

adjustable cups, 29, 254, 255, 258, 451 adjuster knobs, 365, 369, 375 AheadSet, 451 air cans, 400 installing, 396–398, 409 overhauling, 395–396, 401 removing, 396–397, 408 air chucks, 10–11 air compressors, 10 air pressure, 363, 389, 398, 405 air volume, 358, 408, 409 All Travel spacer, 380, 381 aluminum, 325, 392, 413 ammonia, 4 stuck seatposts/stems and, 274, 275, 325 Answer Products, 451 ANT+ cycling computer, 114, 115, 117, 133, 134–136, 137 anti-chain suck device, 63 antifreeze, stuck seatposts/stems and, 274, 325 antiseize compound, 9, 28, 368 antitwist tool, 10 Ario shocks, 401 arm length, measuring, 432, 433 articulating magnet, 9 assembly paste, 4 ATF, 383, 385 Avid, 451 Avid Arch Supremes, 220 Avid brakes, vacuum-bleeding, 199– 200 axle-clamp tool, 10 axle nuts, 19, 31, 351 tightening, 15, 23 axle overlock dimension, 111, 451 axles, 70, 166, 253, 258, 294, 308, 451 bent/broken, 160 checking, 24, 31 cleaning, 295 disassembling, 300 hub, 158, 168 installing, 162, 180, 253, 254, 303 large-diameter, 158 pedal, 300, 328, 439 quick-release, 164 removing, 160, 164–165, 304

bar ends, 291, 435, 451 angles, 436 inner, 268, 436 installing, 95, 216 removing, 95, 96, 263, 268, 268–275 barrel adjusters, 69, 72, 73, 74, 84, 86, 87, 89, 92, 101, 108, 116, 191, 195, 215, 451 cable tension and, 212, 213 tightening, 82, 93, 214 batteries, 128 charging, 116, 132 installing, 117, 118–119, 119–120 seatpost, 117, 129, 130 See also Shimano Di2 batteries bead set diameter (BSD), 144 bearing covers, 166, 167, 250, 302 bearing cups, 257, 289, 291, 451 installing, 249–250 bearing extractors, 11 bearing press kit, 10, 11 bearing races, 157, 161, 167, 177, 178, 451 bearings, 31, 164, 207, 239, 254, 261, 281, 402, 451 adjusting, 167, 168–169 angular-contact, 279 bottom-bracket, 55, 56, 298 cartridge, 157, 168, 251, 256, 279, 283, 284, 286, 291, 299, 300, 302, 304, 305, 403, 452 ceramic, 168, 169, 255, 256 cleaning, 161, 167, 255–259, 282–283, 286 cones and, 305 freehub, 177 headset, 271, 286 hub, 298 installing, 161–162, 167, 168, 178, 180, 181, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 258, 286, 290, 403, 404 interchanging, 256, 257 loose, 157, 158, 249, 299, 302 lubrication of, 158, 161, 162, 167, 283, 286 needle, 282, 302, 305, 306, 456 orientation of, 256–257 overhauling, 32, 166–167, 168

pedal, 32, 298, 309 removing, 160, 165, 166, 255, 256, 257, 259, 286, 287, 307 replacing, 166–167, 255, 255–258, 282–283, 305, 403 steel, 169, 256 upgrading, 169, 306–308 belt drives, 62–63, 100 Bicycle Fit Calculator, 431 Bike Hand chain-wear indicator, 53 bike stands, 3, 9–10 BikeTube, 61 bits, 6 blankets, 13 bleed blocks, 9 bleed funnel, 198, 199 bleed ports, 198, 199, 202, 203, 321 bleed screws, 197–198, 202, 321, 322, 323 bleeding, 32, 196–204, 207, 231, 314, 319, 320–323 Bleeding Edge syringes, 321, 322, 323 blind-hole bearing puller, 166 Bluetooth, 117, 134, 135, 136, 137 body measurements, frame size and, 431–433 bolts anchor, 28, 190, 215, 237, 259, 260, 273, 437, 439, 451, 453 axle, 19–20 banjo, 194 binder, 317–318, 325, 328, 451 cable-fixing, 69, 70, 72, 79, 82, 92, 93, 193, 214, 319 cassette lockring, 439 chainring, 241, 242, 259 clamp, 80, 87, 268, 265, 275, 280, 284, 291, 316, 317, 327, 352 compression, 280 crank, 31, 237, 239, 250, 251 crown, 352, 367, 368 expander, 454 lubrication of, 242, 438 M5–10: 29, 438, 439 mounting, 28, 65, 59, 76, 102, 105, 219, 228, 231, 232, 233, 436, 456 pinch, 235, 239, 263, 402 pivot, 457

465

466 replacing, 106, 242, 394 rotor, 188 sizes of, 438–439 stem, 272, 287, 292 titanium, 438 Boost, 110 bottom-bracket cups, 10, 80, 439 bottom-bracket press, 11 bottom-bracket-remover rocket, 6 bottom-bracket shells, 55, 78, 80, 90, 91, 121, 123, 126, 128, 243, 244, 245, 249–250, 253, 255, 258, 261, 393, 395, 452 ID of, 247 installing, 250 ISO, 246, 247 oversized, 259 placing axles in, 254 spacers and, 260 square-taper press-in, 251–252 tapping, 394 bottom-bracket taps/shell facer, 10, 394 bottom-bracket tools, 4 bottom brackets, 100, 111, 235, 243–255, 300, 433, 451 cartridge, 252, 254, 258, 259, 260, 261 cup-and-cone, 252–253, 258, 260 eccentric, 55, 56 external-bearing, 247, 249 height, 410, 430, 432, 451 installing, 80, 129, 130, 249–252, 252–253, 254–255, 258, 259 integrated-spindle, 32, 247, 255–258 overhauling, 255–259, 260 replacing bearings in, 255–258 square-taper, 243, 249, 260 thread-together, 249–250 threaded, 246–247, 249, 252, 259–260 threadless, 244, 249–252, 257 tightening, 437 troubleshooting, 259–261 box-cutter knife, 4 brackets adapter, 190, 229 front-derailleur, 249, 252 pad-mounting, 220 brake arms, 215, 218, 219, 222, 223, 224, 226, 228 removing, 39 brake booster, 229–230, 452 brake bosses, 39, 212, 218, 219, 222, 223, 224, 227, 228–230, 231, 349, 351, 392, 394, 452 cantilever, 352, 393 damaged, 353 disc-brake, 352, 353 brake fluids, 9, 201, 205, 206, 230 DOT, 196, 197, 199, 200, 202, 204, 320

INDEX

brake-hose cutter, 10 brake hoses, 45 brake levers, 20, 39, 87, 88, 96, 99, 187, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 215–218, 219, 227, 228, 232, 265, 268, 352, 367, 436, 452 bent, 216 cable tension and, 212 checking, 30 digital, 184 disc-brake, 19, 183, 189–190, 191, 207 high-leverage, 221 hydraulic, 84–86, 183, 185, 190, 204, 205–206 IS, 190 leverage and, 217 lubrication, 32, 215–216 overhauling, 207, 215–216 post-mount, 189–190 pulling, 15–16, 195, 221, 225 reach, 195, 217 removing, 19, 41, 87, 95, 96, 204, 205, 216 rotors and, 195 stress cracks with, 216 brake pads, 24, 190, 197, 212, 215, 452 adjusting, 219, 220, 223–225, 229 banging, 38, 39 burning in, 185–186 cleaning, 184 cotterless, 185 glazed, 185 inspecting, 15, 31 installing, 202, 203–204, 232 removing, 193, 196, 204, 205, 207, 221 replacing, 221, 223, 230, 232, 233 rubbing with, 195 selecting, 185–186 toe-in, 224, 225 top-loading, 184 truing and, 156 V-brake, 218 brakes, 20, 183, 187, 212, 220, 392, 436, 452 adjusting, 31, 195, 211, 233 bleeding, 32, 197–203 cable-actuated, 184, 190, 195, 211, 367 cantilever, xv, 23, 32, 211, 214, 217, 218, 219, 452 center-pull, 211 centering, 191 checking, 15, 16, 23 closing, 23 cylindrical-arm, 224 disconnecting, 285, 367 headsets and, 279 hub, 455 hydraulic, 16, 32, 40, 41, 98, 184, 186, 195, 197, 204, 211, 228, 233, 455

lacing and, 347 linear-pull, 211 linkage, 211, 231 lubrication of, 32 opening, 39, 213 pad-to-rim adjustment for, 219, 228, 230 reconnecting, 25 reinstalling, 374 releasing, 16–17, 23, 212 removing, 275, 282, 369 rim, 16–17, 20, 182, 183, 211, 329, 392 sidepull, 211, 218 squealing, 220 troubleshooting, 233–235, 415–416 types of, 17 See also disc brakes braking, 361 pressure, 213 spokes and, 344, 345 tires and, 146 troubleshooting, 420 Brooks saddles, 313 bumpers, replacing, 298 bushings, 10, 32, 222, 270, 299, 302, 308, 323, 324, 353, 402, 452 cleaning, 373 eyelet, 395, 396–397, 398–399, 400 installing, 399, 403, 404 lubrication of, 373 offset, 410 plastic, 305, 306, 307 replacing, 403 shaft, 400 sources of, 251 cable cutter, 4 cable ends, 93, 94, 215 cable hooks, 85, 214, 218, 221 cable stops, 94, 392 cable tension, 67, 101, 191, 314, 319 adjusting, 72, 73, 74, 82, 212, 213, 215 cables, 87, 90, 126, 212–215, 227, 452 broken, 43–44, 44–45 buying, 83 checking, 82 clamping, 39 cleaning up, 130 connecting, 76, 88, 220 derailleur, 43–44, 44–45, 213 fishing, 90, 91, 126 installing, 23, 69, 70, 84, 86, 87, 88, 91–92, 93–94, 95, 96, 192, 213–215 internal, 90–92, 130 lubrication of, 32, 82, 82–83, 88–89, 94, 109, 213 maintaining, 102, 213 removing, 85, 86, 88, 97, 213 replacing, 32, 82–83, 84, 85–86

467 routing, 90–92 sticky, 65, 109 straddle, 225–227, 231, 232, 459 undertightening, 437 Caffélatex, 151 cages, 24–25, 37, 43, 44, 81, 103, 109, 132, 279, 452 bent, 109 chain stuck in, 41 opening, 41 calipers. See brake levers cam unit, clutch and, 104 Campagnolo, 225, 452 chains, 59 dropout-alignment tools, 385 headsets, 284 Cane Creek, 452 Cannondale, 251, 284 Cannondale Headshok, 350 Cannondale Lefty Fork, 139, 142, 349, 350 detaching wheel on, 19–20 cantilever brakes, xv, 32, 214, 217, 219, 222–228, 452 adjusting brake pads on, 223–225 closing, 23 installing, 222–223 lubrication of, 228 Carbon Drive tension gauge, 63 carbon fiber, 62, 391 carbon-grip compound, 9 cartridge inflator, CO2, 12 cartridges, 158, 163, 206, 247, 259 angular-contact, 283 damping, 382 inflation, 35 installing, 252, 383 overhauling, 258 cassette lockring remover, 172, 189 cassettes, 452 installing, 173 removing, 164 catch bag, 198 CeramicSpeed.com, 256 chain breakers, 59 chain-cleaning units, using, 27, 51–52 chain-elongation gauges, 3, 11, 31, 53–54, 64, 65 chain gaps, 74 chain gauges, 53, 54 chain keeper, 9 chain length, determining, 54–56 chain links, 453 removing, 37, 38, 55, 58 spare, 12, 38 stiff, 63, 64 twisted, 37 chain lube, 3, 13, 45, 176 chain-nut tool, 453 chain-retention devices, 99, 100 chain rollers, 64, 65, 173

chain rub, 109, 111 chain stabilizer, 77 overhauling, 104, 105–106 chain stops, installing, 111 chain suck, 63–64, 109, 453 chain tools, 3, 6, 12, 37, 38, 41, 54, 57, 59–60 high-quality, 59 older-generation, 60 using, 58 chain whip, 4, 9, 172, 173, 174, 175, 453 chainlines, 82, 109, 453 measuring, 110–111 chainring-cassette removal tools, 4 chainring-nut tool, 4 chainring nuts, 242 chainrings, 28, 36, 43–44, 49, 53, 55, 56, 61, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 84, 87, 92–93, 109, 113, 122, 131, 132, 235–242, 255, 453 bent, 63, 241 chainstay and, 260–261 cleaning, 26, 31, 51, 240 fixing, 241 improving, 111 inner, 242, 260–261 installing, 241, 242 maintaining, 240, 241 replacing, 53, 63, 240, 241–242 troubleshooting, 416 chains, 37, 60, 71, 72, 106, 111, 213, 453 assembling, 49–50, 61 breaking, 51, 52, 54 broken, 37–38 checking, 16, 53 cleaning, 27–28, 31, 49, 50–51, 51–52, 63 connecting, 38, 43, 56–57, 58–60 installing, 56, 70, 130 jammed, 15, 36–37 lengthening of, 52 lining up, 58 lubrication of, 27–28, 32, 49–50, 51, 52, 63, 64 measuring, 54 noisy, 63–64, 109 opening, 43 removing, 27, 41, 52, 54 replacing, 49, 52–53, 54, 64 shortening, 43 skipping, 64–65, 106 squeaking, 63–64 troubleshooting, 49, 63–65, 416 twisted, 37 types of, 53 wiping, 26, 27, 28, 50–51, 64 worn, 64 chainstays, 24, 26, 36, 38, 42, 56, 62, 63, 78, 91, 92, 101, 111, 120, 126, 129, 231, 232, 252, 392, 404, 413, 453

chainring dragging on, 260–261 troubleshooting, 416–417 chattering, troubleshooting, 418–419 Chris King, 290 circlips, 99, 105, 166, 167, 206, 245, 252, 300, 369, 382, 385, 410, 453 installing, 250–251, 380, 381 removing, 378, 381, 409 clamps, 101, 280 band, 78, 79, 80, 81, 216, 221 bar-end, 268 cable, 218, 226 cylindrical, 227 derailleur, 78 front derailleur, 259 saddle, 45, 315, 316, 321, 325, 328 stem, 266, 270, 271, 272, 274, 277, 278, 291, 352, 437 U-shaped, 56 cleats, 294 adjusting, 32, 295–297 installing, 295–297 lubrication of, 298 positioning, 296, 297, 309, 435 tensioning, 297–298 clicking, troubleshooting, 419 clunking, 260 troubleshooting, 419 clutch, 131 cam unit and, 104 overhauling, 77, 104, 105–106, 133 shaft, 78 clutch torque, checking, 78 coasting, troubleshooting, 418, 420 Coca-Cola, stuck seatposts/stems and, 274, 275, 325 Coda pedals, bearings on, 302 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE), 325 cog pitch, 108, 109 cog remover, 175 cog-wear indicator gauge, 10 cogs, 38, 43, 44, 55, 56, 72, 73, 108, 161, 170–182, 453 aluminum, 53 changing, 170–171, 172 cleaning, 26, 27, 31, 51, 172, 173 inspecting, 64, 173, 175 rear, 45, 71 replacing, 53, 64, 173 shifting through, 131 teeth, 64 titanium, 53 worn, 64 cogsets, 111, 170, 174 bolt-together, 173 replacing, 64 collars, 87 crank-bolt, 29 valve, 149

INDEX

468 compression adjuster, 360, 366 compression damping, 360, 411, 453 adjusting, 45, 355, 363, 364, 365, 407 high-speed, 361, 364 low-speed, 360–361, 364 compression rings, 280, 282, 284 cones, 160, 162, 453 bearings and, 305 lubrication of, 158 connector pins, 54, 56–57, 58, 60 Control Tech, 22 cotter pins, 185, 221 Crank Brothers, shoe shields from, 296 Crank Brothers 50/50 pedals, 306, 308 Crank Brothers Acid pedals, 296 Crank Brothers Candy pedals, 296, 297, 305, 306, 308 Crank Brothers Double Shot pedals, 296 Crank Brothers Eggbeater pedals, 296, 297, 305, 306 Crank Brothers Joplin, 323, 324 Crank Brothers Mallet pedals, 296, 305, 306 Crank Brothers Pedal Refresh Kit, 306, 307 Crank Brothers pedals, 295, 296, 297, 305, 309 bearings of, 302 overhauling, 330 tensioning, 298 upgrading bearings in, 306–308 crank pullers, 4, 238 crankarms, 235–242, 251, 257, 261, 293, 295, 406, 431, 433, 435, 453 bent, 241 clunking in, 260 installing, 249, 250, 252, 255, 259 play in, 260 removing, 255, 256 repairing, 241 replacing, 242 cranks, 64, 131, 242, 256 bent, 241 hard-to-turn, 260 installing, 130, 235, 237–239 integrated-spindle, 235, 239, 244, 246 removing, 235, 237–239 square taper, 237 three-piece, 237, 247 troubleshooting, 259–261 cranksets, 31, 235, 250, 257, 325, 453 threaded, 247, 249 creaking, 291 bottom-bracket, 244, 247 pedal, 309 persistent, 259–260 seatpost, 328 troubleshooting, 419

INDEX

crown-race removers, 288, 389 U-shaped, 289 cup installation tools, 252 cup-removal tools, 287 cycling computers, 114, 115, 117, 133, 134–136, 137 cylinders air, 378, 380 brake, 327 eccentric, 56 master, 195, 206–207, 456 slave, 458 wheel, 229, 230 D-Fly Bluetooth transceiver, 123, 134, 135 damper-removal tool, 11 dampers, 349, 373, 400, 405, 453 fork, 353 general instructions for, 382–383 hydraulic, 270, 349, 404 oil change, 382–385, 399–401 overhauling, 32, 400 pressurizing, 401 removing, 382 shafts, 374, 380 damping, 361, 453 adjusting, 362, 363, 366, 411 decreasing, 363–364 increasing, 412 Deda Elementi Dog Fang, 111 derailleur hangers, 42, 65, 69, 133, 390, 392–393, 395 bent, 65, 109, 393, 412 spare, 12 threads of, 394 derailleur limit screws, tightening, 43, 44 derailleur-return spring, 94 derailleur shift-activation ratio, 108, 109 derailleurs, 42, 129, 261, 392, 453 adjusting, 31, 116 broken, 67 cable-actuated, 113 chain length and, 55 cleaning, 26, 31, 104–105 electronic, 111, 116, 122–123, 137 installing, 70, 122–123 lubrication of, 32, 104–105, 106 maintaining, 102–109 troubleshooting, 137, 417 derailleurs, front, 28, 52, 67, 78–79, 80, 82, 93, 132, 241 adjusting, 81–82, 116, 130, 239 attaching cables to, 92–93 bent, 41 bottom-pull, 79 bracket mount, 80–81, 252 bypassing, 41, 43–44 cable-actuated, 113 chain routing and, 56 cleaning, 51 direct mount, 80

down-swing, 78 E-type, 249 installing, 79–80, 80, 122 pivot geometry of, 79 repairing, 41 top-swing clamp-type, 79 troubleshooting, 109–110 derailleurs, rear, 38, 55, 64, 67–69, 113, 333, 345 adjusting, 64, 67, 70–78, 116 attaching cables to, 92 bent, 42, 65, 109 broken, 43, 44 chain routing and, 56 freeing/locking jockey-wheel cage on, 23–24 installing, 69–70, 122 lubrication of, 32, 106 overhauling, 41–42, 104, 105, 106 removing chains from, 43 shifting, 24 spokes and, 41 troubleshooting, 106, 108–109 wiring, 129 worn-out, 109 dial indicator tool, 11, 196 digital display, 115, 123, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134 disc-brake pads, 183, 191 burning-in, 185–186 selecting, 185–186 disc brakes, 16, 20, 40, 85, 392, 454 adjusting, 187–195, 207 bent, 195 bleeding/filling, 196–204, 207 cable-actuated, 41, 183, 184, 192–193 checking/replacing, 183–185 closing, 23 hookup of, 192–193 hydraulic, 183, 196–204 installing, 183, 187–195 lubricating, 31 overhauling, 204–207 troubleshooting, 207–209 dish/dishing, 343, 454 dishing tools, 6, 343, 344, 454 dollar bills, patching with, 35–36 drills, electric, 10 drivetrains, 25, 49, 52, 58, 100, 114, 240, 454 cleaning, 26, 28, 31, 51 overhauling, 259 drop, 430, 454 dropout-alignment tools, 10, 385 using, 388, 413 dropout savers, 395 dropouts, 24, 42, 62, 65, 70, 158, 385, 392, 395, 412, 454 aligning, 386, 388 bent, 351, 388, 412 quick-release, 413

469 sliding, 55 spacing between, 385, 413 dropper posts, 31, 117, 454 drywall-sanding screen, 4 DT Pro Lock nipples, 332 DT Swiss, 28, 155, 348, 454 adapter, 188 freehubs, 175, 180 hubs, 164, 166 spoke washers, 331 DU-bushing tool, 11 DU bushings, 399 dust caps, 239, 299, 305–308, 454 installing, 161, 178 removing, 177, 303 E-Tube Project app, 123, 133, 134, 135, 136–137 e-tube wires, 126, 127, 128 installing, 129 easy outs, 12, 454 El Camino brakes, 186, 202 elastomers, 270, 298, 324, 325, 351, 353, 358, 359, 370, 377, 378, 404, 405, 454 tuning, 365–366 electrical details, 132–133 end caps, 84, 85, 88, 168 crimping, 215 installing, 169 removing, 164, 263 Enduro, 258, 402 Enduro Bearings, 244 Enduro tools, 256 EnduroForkSeals.com, 256 European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (E.T.R.T.0.), 144 external-bearing cups, 256 Exus pedals, 299, 302 Fat Chance, 249, 251 Feedback Sports, digital chain gauge by, 54 feeler gauges, 10 ferrules, 83, 84, 86, 93, 94, 125, 214, 454 files, 4 Finish Line, 88 Finish Line Anti Seize Assembly Lube, 73 Finish Line Teflon fluorocarbon grease, 89 Finish Line Threadlock, 28 Finish Line Ti-Prep, 28, 438 firmly tightened, 30, 439 first aid kits, 46 Fisher, 249, 251 fixed cups, 253, 258, 260, 454 installing, 252 lubrication of, 158 removing, 252 fixed-torque drivers, 11–12

flanges, 329, 338, 339, 341, 346, 347, 454 fixed-cup, 260 hub, 156 flashlight, 13 flats avoiding, 33–34 fixing, 34–36 Flex-Hone, 327 Float Fluid, 409 foam rings, 373 fork boots, 353, 368, 373 fork-crown race, 290 removing, 288, 289 fork crowns, 349, 351, 354, 355, 375, 376, 454 installing inner legs in, 368 removing fork legs from, 366–367 replacing, 271 fork legs, 26 removing, 366–367, 369 fork rake, 349, 454 fork trail, 454–455 forks, 349, 454 air-spring, 358, 363–365, 369, 408 alignment of, 23, 385–388 aluminum, 387 carbon-fiber, 278, 387 coil-spring, 351, 358, 365–366, 370, 377 damaged, 351, 352–353, 385 double-crown, 271, 280, 284, 368 elastomer, 351, 358, 365–366, 370, 377 hard, 362 headset installation and, 289 high-end, 360, 364 inspecting, 350–352, 353 linkage, 351, 353 longer, 362 maintaining, 353–354 measuring, 275 misaligned, 352 overhauling, 32, 369 post-mount, 187 rattling, 292 reassembling, 381 removing, 287, 362, 385 repairing, 352–353 replacing, 34, 271, 352, 388 rigid, 289, 353 rotor-alignment, 6 rotor tuning, 196 shorter, 362 single-crown, 366, 368 soft, 362 spring preload, 358 steel, 385, 388 stuck stems and, 274, 275 suspension, 288, 349, 350, 352, 353, 356–362, 368–369

threaded, 273, 274–275, 352 threadless, 274 titanium, 387 triple-clamp, 366, 368 troubleshooting, 419 tuning, 353, 355, 356–362, 363–365 turning problems with, 292 Fox, 455 Fox damper, 370 Fox Evol sleeves, 409, 410 Fox Factory shocks, 408 Fox Float fork, 380, 381 Fox iRD shocks, 114, 121, 129 Fox RP23, 408 Fox split-ring snaprings, 380 Fox TALAS fork, 376 Fox TALAS travel adjustment, 376 frame alignment, checking, 412–413 Frame Saver, 392 frames, 455 aluminum, 318, 327, 392 carbon, 327, 391 cleaning, 391 corrosion on, 392 diamond, 389, 454 dimensions of, 429 double-diamond, 389 inspecting, 391–392 internal-cable, 90 internal-gear, 55 magnesium, 318, 327 sizing, 429, 430, 431–433 steel, 42, 318, 325, 392 step-through, 432, 459 suspension, 91, 126, 128, 389, 391, 392, 402–404, 413 titanium, 42, 327 freehub disassembly tools, 177 freehubs, 73, 153, 164, 165, 170–182, 455 installing, 180, 181 lubrication of, 171–172, 175–181 overhauling, 153, 177 radial-pawl, 180, 181 removing, 175, 177, 179, 181 rotating, 179 seized, 45 splined, 170 freewheel removers, 9, 174, 175, 177 freewheels, 153, 170–182, 455 broken, 45 changing, 64, 174 lubrication of, 182 thread-on, 158, 171, 182 friction shifters, 95, 455 front-rear balance, checking, 406–407 front triangle, 389, 391, 455 Fulcrum hubs, 180, 181 Full Speed Ahead (FSA), 37, 249, 251, 256, 455 chains, 52, 54 cover seals, 255

INDEX

470 Full Speed Ahead (FSA) Drive Link, 60–61 Full Speed Ahead (FSA) Mega Exo, 250 Garmin computers, compatibility with, 134–136 Garmin Edge, 134 Garmin Fenix, 134 Garmin Forerunner, 134 Gate adjusters, 401 Gate lever, 400 Gates Carbon Drive belt-drive system, 62, 100 gear development, 421–427 Gear Floss, 172 getting lost, avoiding/dealing with, 45–47 Girvin pedals, 298, 302 Giustaforza torque wrenches, 6 glide rings, 397, 400, 401 gloves, latex, 13 GravityDropper, 323, 324 grease, 3, 13, 89, 161, 165, 170 molybdenum disulfide, 94 nonlithium, 4, 373 silicone-based, 4 Grease Guard, 169 grease gun, 4, 167, 175, 402 Grip Shift, 94, 96, 97, 98, 455 cable change in, 86–87 grips and, 265 replacing cable in, 88–90 grips, 263–265, 267, 268, 360, 430 Grip Shift and, 265 installing, 95, 98, 265, 274 removing, 216, 263, 264, 265 hacksaws, 4, 272, 290, 395 Hadley hubs, 169 hammers, 168, 258, 274, 292, 326, 370 ball-peen, 4, 6 handlebar reach, 430, 435 handlebars, 96, 123, 130, 187, 195, 203, 206, 213, 221, 259, 263, 265– 267, 270, 319, 320, 321, 323, 349, 354, 366, 369, 376, 407, 429, 430, 455 aluminum, 267 bar-end assembly of, 268 bent, 267 broken, 45 carbon, 216, 266, 267, 437 height of, 435 higher, 314, 436 installing, 119, 266 light, 268 lightweight, 265, 267, 291 maintaining, 267 noises from, 291 position of, 271, 273–274, 434–436 replacing, 32, 267, 273, 291 saddles and, 314, 435 slipping, 291

INDEX

steel, 267 tightening, 16, 437 titanium, 267 troubleshooting, 291–292 hangers, 69, 279 See also derailleur hangers Hayes brakes, 186, 187, 202–203 Hayes HFX Mag brakes, 186, 202, 206 Hayes levers, 187, 194 Hayes/Stroker bleed kit, 203 Hayes/Stroker brakes, 186, 202–203 head angles, 410, 455 head-tube reaming-and-facing tool, 289 head tubes, 127, 128, 278, 282, 289, 368, 390, 412, 455 measuring, 277 headlight, 13 headset-cup remover, 287 headset press, 6, 10, 290, 291 headsets, 224, 263, 268, 271, 275–291, 455 adjusting, 272, 278, 279, 280–282, 285, 287, 291, 292 bearings and, 286 brakes and, 279 cartridge-bearing, 279 cupless, 275, 283, 284 external, 275 installing, 289–291 integrated, 275, 278, 281, 283, 289, 290, 456 IS, 275, 277 loose, 280, 281 loose-ball, 283, 286 low-stack, 275, 277 overhauling, 282–285, 285–287, 352 rattling, 292 removing, 285, 287–288 semi-integrated, 275 size of, 275, 277 stuck stems and, 274, 275 tapered, 275 threaded, 278, 279, 280–281, 285– 287, 292, 459 threadless, 265, 275, 277–279, 280, 282–285, 287, 289, 290, 291, 430, 435 tight, 279, 280, 281 troubleshooting, 291–292 types of, 275 zero-stack, 275, 277 helmets, wearing, 46 hex keys, 12, 19, 28, 41, 70, 75, 77, 81, 93, 95, 105, 131–132, 159, 164, 176, 179, 455 folding, 3 metric, 3 Hollowtech MTB cranks, 261 hoses, 183 cutting, 193, 194 disc-brake, 193

disconnecting, 193, 194, 204, 205 hydraulic, 90, 91, 117 installing, 205, 206 housings, 32, 65, 79, 87, 89, 90, 91, 212–215, 227, 279 cutting, 83–84, 214 installing, 69, 70, 214 lubrication of, 82–83, 94, 97, 109 replacing, 82–83 teflon-lined, 213 hub axles, 24, 177, 341 hub shells, 162, 168, 177, 181, 337 cleaning, 160–161, 179 hubs, 38, 41, 56, 72, 132, 153–156, 330, 343, 387, 455, 458 adjusting, 38, 156, 162–163 aero, 155 aluminum, 155 assembling, 161–162 broken, 38, 39, 154, 156 cartridge-bearing, 29, 157, 158, 163–169 chain length, 55–56 checking, 24, 31 cleaning, 160–161, 174 cup-and-cone, 157, 158, 161 disassembling, 158–159 disc-brake, 188, 330 flat steel, 155 front, 333 grease guard, 169–170 high-quality, 157 internal-gear, 56, 100, 101, 331 Kevlar, 38, 39 loose, 38, 39, 154 loose-bearing, 157, 158–159, 164 lubrication of, 161–162, 174 overhauling, 153, 157–158, 158–159, 163–169 quick-release, 160, 163, 164, 165, 168, 413 removing, 24, 38, 158 replacing, 38–39, 156 sealed-bearing, 157, 158 single-speed, 56 spare, 13, 38, 39 superlight, 155, 156 through-axle, 157, 158, 162, 164, 165, 168, 169, 176 twisted, 155 Hurricane Components, 455 Hurricane Components Fork Up, 22 Hutchinson, 148, 455 Hutchinson Fast’Air, 151 hydraulic fluid, 85, 187, 197 identification, 12 Igus bearings, 305, 306, 308 Igus bushings, 398, 399 Igus LL-Glide Bearing, 306 index shifter, 74, 101, 455

471 inertia valves, 361, 365, 407–408, 455 inflation cartridges, 13, 275 inner legs, 354, 366, 370, 455 cleaning, 370, 373 installing, 368 lubrication of, 373 outer legs and, 373–374 removing, 368 inseams, measuring, 431–432, 433, 434 internal floating piston (IFP), 400, 401 International Chainguide Mounting Standard (ICMS), 99 International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 144, 246 International Standard Chain Guide (ISCG), 99 International Standard (IS), mounts, 187, 190, 191 ISIS bottom brackets, 252 ISIS cranks, 237, 238, 239 ISIS splinded spindle, 247 isopropyl alcohol, 205, 206, 373, 397, 401 J. P. Weigle Frame Saver, 318 jigsaws, 327 jockey-wheel cages, 24, 42, 75, 105, 106 jockey wheels, 24, 28, 41, 43, 51, 56, 63, 67, 69, 70, 74, 75, 76, 104, 106, 456 aligning, 131 cartridge-bearing, 103 checking, 65, 232–233 cleaning, 26, 51 loose, 65 maintaining, 32, 102–103 SRAM, 103 Jump Stop, 111 Junction A, 120, 123, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136 Junction B, 119, 121, 123, 126, 128–129 Kevlar, 34 Klein, 249, 251 KMC, 37 chain gauge, 54 chains, 52, 54 KMC Missing Link, 60–61 knee bend, 314 knee-to-handlebar clearance, 430 knuckles, 42, 43, 70, 106 L-shaped tool, 331 leaks finding, 143 patching, 143, 145 leather-softening compounds, 313 Lickton’s SuperLink, 52, 60–61 limit screws, 28, 67, 69, 74, 108 adjusting, 70, 71–72, 81–84

high-gear, 70, 71, 131 low-gear, 71–72, 82, 131 linseed oil, using, 341 locknuts, 160, 212, 213, 214, 278, 282, 285, 302, 303, 305, 306, 308, 456 loosening, 159, 162 tightening, 163, 181, 281 lockout, 360, 456 lockout levers, 411 lockring remover, 173 lockring spanner, 4, 29 lockring tool, 4 lockrings, 172, 188, 189, 260, 261, 456 cassette, 73, 170 removing, 258 tightening, 173–174, 254 Loctite, 28, 65, 73, 251, 259, 324, 353 Look 4 × 4 pedals, 296, 297, 298, 303 Look pedals, 295, 296, 299, 300, 302 Look Quartz cleats, 296 Look Quartz pedals, 296, 299 Look S-Track pedals, 296, 299 lower legs, 354 overhauling, 368–370, 373–375 Magura, 184, 456 Magura brake pads, replacing, 230 Magura hydraulic brakes, 212, 228 Magura rim brakes, 228–230, 230–231 Magura Vyron seatposts, activating, 319–320 maintenance, 1, 15 after every ride, 31 before every ride, 30–31 every 5–10 rides, 31 every 20–40 rides, 32 every 80–150 rides, 32 every 3–6 years, 32 periodic, 30–32 mallets, 265, 370 Manitou, 456 Manitou damper, changing damper oil on, 383 Manitou forks, 187, 369, 373, 383 Manitou Microlube, 369, 375 Manitou QR15 HexLock Thru Axles, 19, 21, 22 Manitou TPC damping systems, 365, 383, 384 Marzocchi, 456 Marzocchi air forks, 363 Marzocchi Bomber air forks, 400 Marzocchi dampers, 382 master links, 27, 37, 41, 44, 54, 55, 56–57, 65, 456 connecting, 60–62 spare, 12 as standard equipment, 52 matches, 13, 46 MatchMaker clamps, 96

Maverick SpeedBall, 323, 324 Mavic, 106, 456 freehubs, 179 hubs, 164, 169, 175, 179 pin tool, 165, 179 rims, 153 tires, 148 tubeless valves, 142 measuring caliper, 456 Merlin frames, 249 Michelin, 148, 456 Microlube grease, 369 MixMizer syringe, 383 Monarch air-fill adapters, 400, 401 Monarch shocks, 401 mounts brake, 187 disc-brake, 349, 390, 392, 353, 393, 394 fork-post, 187, 192, 353 IS, 190, 191 shock, 410 multitools, 12, 38 Nashbar pedals, overhauling, 303 negative spring, 359, 363, 406, 408, 409, 410 nipples, 330–331, 456 brass, 331 crimped-on, 332 internal, 155–156 spoke, 39, 154 tightening, 39, 155, 341 types of, 348 noises, 31 bottom-bracket, 259–261 crank, 259–261 handlebar, 291 pedaling-induced, 259 troubleshooting, 419–420 Nokon housing, 213 noodles, 212, 220, 456 Norco pedals, overhauling, 303 O-rings, 122, 164, 306, 308, 321, 323, 356, 370, 373, 374, 381, 383, 384, 385, 397, 398, 399, 400, 406, 409, 410 lubrication and, 133 removing, 307 oil hydraulic, 9 outboard-motor gear, 9 penetrating, 4 oil baths, 374, 375 Onza H.O. pedals, 298, 303 Orange Seal, 151 outer legs, 368, 456–457 inner legs and, 373–374 oversteering, 358, 361, 362 overtightening, 266, 437

INDEX

472 pad-fixing bolt, 219–220, 223–224 pad height, 223–224 pad offset, 219, 223 pad spacing, 3, 12, 184, 194, 195, 231, 233 pad swing, 223, 224 pad twist, 223, 224 pad-wear gauges, 184 paint, repairing chipped, 395 parallelogram, 104, 105, 106 Park, 251 Park BBT-30.4 bearing removers, 10, 249, 257, 258 Park BBT-90.3 bearing removers, 249, 257 Park cable-housing cutter, 83 Park CC-3.2 chain wear indicator, 53 Park chain-elongation gauge, 54 Park CT-3 chain tool, 59 Park CT-4.3 chain tool, 59, 60 Park CT-6.3 chain tool, 59 Park derailleur-hanger alignment tool, 392 Park dropout-aligning tools, 385 Park DT-3 clamps, 195, 196 Park fork-crown race remover, 10 Park IR-1 Internal-Routing Cable and Magnet Kit, 6, 83, 90, 125, 126, 193 Park IR-1.2 Internal Cable Routing Kit, 83, 90, 124, 125, 126, 128, 193 Park IR-2 internal wire routing kit, 6 Park SG-6 tools, 271–272 Park SG-8 tools, 271–272 Park SW-15 three-way spoke wrench, 332 Park TS-2EXT.2 truing-stand extensions, 11 Park Universal crown-race remover tool, 288 patch kits, 2, 12, 34–35, 145 patches, 35–36, 151, 143, 145 pawls, 165, 171, 180 cleaning, 179, 181 greasing, 178 pedal overlap, 430–431, 457 pedal-spindle removal tool, splined, 4 pedal strokes, 274, 294, 434, 435 pedaling, 39, 56, 361, 364, 431, 434, 457 creaking with, 247 knee/joint pain with, 309 spoking patterns and, 348 troubleshooting, 418, 420 pedals, 407–408, 411, 457 cage-type, 293 cartridge-bearing, 302, 303–305 cleaning, 300, 302, 305 creaking with, 309 installing, 294–295, 303, 308 loose-bearing, 305–308

INDEX

lubrication of, 300, 309 overhauling, 298–305, 299–300, 302–303, 305–308 release tension adjustment on, 309 removing, 294–295, 299 SPD-compatible, 294 tensioning, 297–298 troubleshooting, 294, 309, 417–418 pedals, clip-in, 293, 453 difficult entry/release with, 309 release tension in, 294 setting up, 295–298 Pedro’s cable-housing cutter, 83 Pedro’s Chain Checker, 11, 53–54 Pedro’s Green Fizz, 25 Pedro’s Pro 1.0 chain tool, 59, 60 Pedro’s Tutto 11-speed Pro chain tools, 59 Pedro’s Vise Whip, 4, 5, 9, 101, 172, 173, 174, 175, 460 Phil Wood, 256 Phil Wood Tenacious Oil, 181 pin spanner, 4, 9, 29, 254, 255, 457 pin tools, 165, 179 pistons, 205, 207, 380, 406 air, 375, 381, 400 caliper, 183 cleaning, 186–187 damper, 400 height of, 364 hydraulic brake, 186 installing, 205, 206, 380, 384 lubrication of, 32, 205, 206 master-cylinder, 195 removing, 204, 381, 384 seals, 381 pivots, 62, 222, 231, 351, 457 concentric, 100 damage around, 352 derailleur, 65, 75–76 lever, 217, 221 loose, 109 maintaining, 31, 402 overhauling, 105 swingarm, 100 pliers, 3, 13, 37, 69, 70, 232 channel-lock, 4, 61 master-link, 6, 60, 61 needle-nose, 3, 97, 354, 368 snapring, 4, 299, 300, 324, 378, 380 Vise-Grip, 61, 326 Praxis Works, 244 preload adjuster, 325 preload adjustment, 365 PressFit 24 (PF24) bottom-bracketremover rocket, 6 PressFit 24 (PF24) bottom brackets, 245, 246, 257, 259 installing, 249–250 PressFit 30 (PF30) bottom brackets, 245–246, 247, 257, 259 installing, 249–250

PressFit 41 (PF41) bottom brackets, 246 PressFit 86 (PF86) bottom brackets, 246 PressFit 92 (PF92) bottom brackets, 246 PressFit 121 (PF121) bottom brackets, 245–246, 249–250, 257 Presta valves, 1, 34, 43, 140, 141, 142, 152, 457 adapters for, 150 Prestacycle mini ratchet handle, 6 ProGold Bike Wash, 25 ProGold chain gauge, 54 pulling, troubleshooting, 415 pumps, 1, 35 shock, 3, 12, 363, 405 punctures, 34, 146 finding, 143 patching, 34, 152 Quick Link, 58 quick-release, 457 quick-release levers, 15, 20, 22, 212, 229, 318, 351 quick-release skewers, 16, 18, 24, 158, 163, 167, 173, 386, 403 checking, 31 detaching wheels with, 17 opening, 17, 21 removing, 172, 174, 175, 180 tightening, 20–21 quills, 273, 283, 287, 457 Race Face, 457 Race Face crankarm, 239 Race Face X-Type cranks, 239, 240 race punch, fork-crown, 6 rags, 3, 31, 50, 51, 172, 173, 283, 300, 305, 397 rain gear, 13 razor blades, 4 reach adjustment, 195, 217 really tight, 30, 439 reamer and backing plate, 10 reamer and facer, 10 rear triangle, 389, 413, 457 rebound, 360, 364, 400 rebound adjusters, 360, 370, 401, 407 rebound damping, 360, 364, 405, 407, 411, 412, 457 rebound-damping adjusters, 363, 364, 366, 407 rim brake-track wear, checking, 32 rim strips, 34, 35, 145, 149 rims, 153–156, 333, 457 asymmetrical, 348 bent, 39, 40 brake pads and, 39 checking, 31, 32, 153 cleaning, 149 deep-section, 140, 141, 332, 348 disc-brake, 342 mounting tires on, 36

473 replacing, 154 tire size and, 144 truing and, 156 tubeless, 148, 334 V-section, 348 Ritchey, 279, 457 Ritchey batteries, installing, 118–119 Ritchey headsets, 286 Ritchey pedals, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303 Ritchey V3 Pro pedals, 299 RockShox, 367, 381, 384, 457 RockShox 2-Step Air, 375 RockShox Air U-Turn, 375 RockShox Bottomless Tokens, 380, 381 RockShox Coil U-Turn, 375 RockShox forks, 365, 378, 381 RockShox HydraCoil dampers, 382 RockShox Judy damping cartridge, 384–385 RockShox Mag forks, 363 RockShox Monarch air-fill adapter, 400 RockShox Monarch rear shocks, 400 RockShox Psylo forks, 376, 384 RockShox Pure damping systems, 365, 383, 384 RockShox Reverb seatpost, 319, 320–323 RockShox Reverb Stealth seatpost, 322 RockShox SIC XC All Travel, 380 RockShox SID forks, 364, 378, 400 RockShox Solo Air fork, 381 Rohloff Caliber 2 gauge, 53 Rohloff chain tool, 59, 60 Rohloff driver, 174, 175 Rohloff gauge, 54 Rohloff HG-IG-Check tool, 64 Rohloff hubs, 55, 100, 331 Rohloff lockring remover, 101 Rohloff oil, 102 Rohloff Revolver chain tool, 59 Rohloff SpeedBone, 101 Rohloff SpeedHub, 101, 347 Rohloff SpeedHub cog, replacing/ flipping, 174–175 Rohloff Twin Pulley, 56 Rohloff’s HG-IG-Check cog-wear indicator, 173 roll-out procedure, 421 roller-cam brakes, 211, 231, 232–233, 457 rollers, 49, 52, 100, 173 rotors, 184, 187 bent, 40, 41 braking surface of, 188 calipers and, 195 disc-brake, 195–196 installing, 188 six-bolt, 188, 189 troubleshooting, 416 truing, 32, 195–196 rubbing, troubleshooting, 419, 420 rubbing alcohol, 3, 263, 263, 265, 323

Sachs, 60 Sachs D.I.R.T. derailleurs, 83 Sachs Twist Shifters, 88 saddle rails, 45, 311, 312, 316, 317 saddle tilt, 317, 327 saddles, 259, 458 adjusting, 320 balance/center of gravity and, 314 choosing, 311–313 fore-and-aft position of, 314, 317, 327 handlebars and, 314, 435 height of, 313, 318, 434, 435 installing, 315–320 lubrication of, 327–328 positioning, 313–314, 343, 434–436 replacing, 32 riding position and, 313 shells of, 311, 313, 328 squeaking, 327–328 troubleshooting, 327–328 width of, 312 sag, 398, 409, 412, 458 adjusting, 358, 406 measuring, 355, 356 rear shock, 358 setting, 356, 405, 406 satellite communicator, 13 saw guide, 10 Schrader valves, 1, 152, 324, 359, 363, 396, 409, 458 deflating, 139, 142 installing, 401 Schwalbe Doc Blue, 151 Scott pedals, 298, 302 scraping, troubleshooting, 419, 420 screwdrivers, 36, 41, 42, 44, 105, 186, 201, 237, 242, 288, 295, 305, 399 bent-handle nipple, 331 bent-shaft nipple, 10, 340–341 Phillips-head, 2 small, 11, 12 spoke nipple, 2 sealants, 35, 142, 150, 151–152 latex, 151, 152 liquid, 34 punctures and, 34 removing, 143 sealing grommet, 130, 133 seals, 32, 283, 308, 369, 381 bearing, 168, 237, 255, 256, 282 bottom-bracket, 255 cleaning, 161, 179, 353–354, 397 cover, 255, 256 installing, 161, 284, 401 lubrication of, 297 removing, 160, 256, 286, 400 rubber, 179, 255 shaft, 400 square, 400 wiper, 373

seat angle, 458 seat bags, 33 seat binders, 321 seat tubes, 41, 79, 80, 81, 129, 227, 318, 327, 430, 433, 458 aluminum, 315 checking, 317 length of, 432 lubrication of, 328 seatposts, 117, 259, 311, 433, 458 adjusting, 324–325 aluminum, 315, 325, 327 breaking, 45, 315 cable-activated, 319 carbon-fiber, 315, 325, 327, 328 creaking, 328 diameter of, 328 dropper, 314, 318–320, 323–324 extending, 321 height-adjust, 314, 318–320, 322 hydraulically activated, 319 installing, 118, 314, 317–318, 319, 322, 323 lubrication of, 32, 317, 323 maintaining, 314–315, 324 overhauling, 323–324, 327 removing, 31, 32, 318, 321, 324, 325–327, 392 single-bolt, 315, 316–317 stealth, 320–321 steel, 315, 325 stuck, 325–327 suspension, 315, 324, 325, 328 troubleshooting, 327–328 two-bolt, 316, 317 seatstays, 24, 26, 62, 392, 403, 413, 458 Selle Anatomica saddles, 313 setscrews, 76, 88, 97, 106, 164, 169, 227, 232, 401 adjustment, 217 shafts, 78, 374, 380, 400 inspecting/protecting, 381 installing, 401 seatpost, 324 shifters, 88, 89, 94–96, 216, 265 adjusting, 70–78, 81–82 compatibility of, 108–109 electronic, 114–116, 122–123 indexed, 72 installing, 98, 122–123, 216 maintenance for, 96–102 removing, 95, 96 replacing, 95, 96 troubleshooting, 106, 108, 109 shifting, 16, 73 electronic, 113, 117–137, 454 troubleshooting, 418 shim stacks, 400, 404 Shimano, 27, 52, 59, 86, 111, 249, 261, 290, 458 Shimano Alfine, 56

INDEX

474 Shimano brake levers, 217 Shimano brakes, 226–227 bleeding, 197–199, 201–202, 204 Shimano cable-housing cutter, 83 Shimano Center Lock hubs, 187–188 Shimano Center Lock splined rotors, 188, 189 Shimano chain-elongation gauge, 53 Shimano chains, 27, 52, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60 Shimano clutch, 75, 77, 104 Shimano cogs, 73, 172, 173 Shimano cover seals, 255, 256 Shimano cranks, 243 Shimano Deore cranks, 249 Shimano derailleurs, 67, 68, 70, 76, 80, 261 adjusting, 81 overhauling, 105–106 Shimano Di2, 115, 453 Shimano Di2 batteries, 114, 115, 130, 134, 137 installing, 117–119, 120–122 Shimano Di2 components connectivity for, 133–134 sealing, 132–133 Shimano Di2 derailleurs, 132 Shimano Di2 electronic derailleurs, 111, 113, 114, 133 adjusting, 130–131, 131–132 installing, 122–123 internal routing for, 125 Shimano Di2 electronic shifters, 130–131 Shimano Di2 Electronic Thumb Shifter, 115 Shimano Di2 electronic wires, 90 Shimano Di2 handlebars, 119 Shimano Di2 lead cables, 126, 127, 128 Shimano Di2 SM-BTC1 battery case, 117, 121 Shimano Di2 SM-JC40 bolt-on Junction B, 129 Shimano Di2 SM-PCE1 interface device, 134, 135 Shimano Di2 Synchro Shift, 134 Shimano Di2 wires, 123, 126, 129–130, 133 Shimano Dual Control brake and shift levers, 85–86, 94, 95, 98 Shimano DX levers, 217 Shimano E-type derailleurs, 80, 81 Shimano freehubs, 175, 176, 177 Shimano/FSA Mega Exo, 249 Shimano/FSA replacement kits, 256 Shimano HollowTech II, 250 Shimano hubs, 157, 158, 159, 346 Shimano Low Normal derailleurs, 44, 45, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 84, 456 Shimano LX cranks, 249 Shimano LX derailleurs, 76 Shimano LX shifters, 85, 217

INDEX

Shimano M600 levers, 217 Shimano M959 pedals, 299 Shimano Nexus internal-gear-hub, 104 Shimano Octalink, 237, 238, 239, 247, 249 Shimano Pedaling Dynamics (SPD), 294 Shimano pedals, 300, 302 bearings for, 299 Shimano/PRO battery, installing, 117–118 Shimano/PRO Di2 battery holder, 120 Shimano/PRO Di2 stem, 119 Shimano/PRO sleeve, 119 Shimano Quick Link, 60–61 Shimano Rapid Rise derailleurs, 44, 45, 67, 71, 72, 73, 84 Shimano Rapidfire Levers, 84, 94, 99 Shimano Rapidfire shifters, 98–99, 457 Shimano Saint, 69–70, 85 Shimano Shadow derailleurs, 68, 69, 74 Shimano STX rear derailleurs, 76 Shimano Synchro Shift, 113–114, 115, 116, 131, 134, 135, 137 Shimano TL-CN21 chain tool, 59 Shimano TL-CN22 chain tool, 59 Shimano TL-CN23 chain tool, 59, 60 Shimano TL-CN30 chain tool, 59 Shimano TL-CN31 chain tool, 59 Shimano TL-CN32 chain tool, 59 Shimano TL-CN33 chain tool, 59 Shimano TL-CN34 chain tool, 59, 60 Shimano TL-EW02 plug tool, 12, 117, 133 using, 122, 126, 129, 130 Shimano TL-FC17 bearing-preload adjustment tool, 12, 239 Shimano TL-FC35 crank-removal tool, 12, 237, 239 Shimano TL-FDM905 Di2 front-derailleur-cage wrenches, 12 Shimano XT cranks, 249 Shimano XT Di2 components, 134 Shimano XT rear derailleurs, 76 Shimano XT SC-MT800, 114, 134, 135, 136 Shimano XT shifters, 85, 115 Shimano XTR bottom brackets, 253, 254 Shimano XTR cranks, 242 Shimano XTR Di2 components, 134 Shimano XTR FC-M970 crankset, 12, 237, 239 Shimano XTR freehub bodies, 174 Shimano XTR Octalink bottom brackets, 247 Shimano XTR Rapidfire, 114 Shimano XTR Rapidfire cables, replacing, 86 Shimano XTR Rapidfire Remote bar-end mounted shifters, 86 Shimano XTR SC-M9050, 114, 134 Shimano XTR SC-M9051, 114, 134, 135, 136

Shimano XTR shifters, 73, 85–86, 115 shimmies, troubleshooting, 415 shims, 328, 400, 458 shock body, 399, 400, 406 shock-mounting hardware, 398, 399, 410 shocks, 356, 363, 407 air-air, 404–405 air-oil, 404–405 coil, 404, 405 deflating, 396, 409 elastomer-over, 404, 405 inflating, 410 installing, 399, 411 maintaining, 395–401 movement of, 405 preloaded, 405 rear, 43, 405 removing, 396, 398, 409 replacing, 32 stress on, 406 tuning, 405 shoes, mountain bike, 294, 295, 309 shop apron, 3 SID damping cartridge, replacing, 384–385 SID forks, 363 sit bone spacing measuring tools, 312 skewers, 168, 458 bolt-on, 16, 22–23 installing, 163 replacing, 174 See also quick-release skewers sleeves, 168, 194, 254, 308, 397 extra-volume, 409, 410 seat-tube, 315, 327 seatpost, 118 Slick Honey, 324, 373, 410 Slime, 458 snug, 30, 439 sockets, 308, 403, 458 hex, 156 large, 6 splined bottom-bracket, 4, 10 square-drive, 156 Softride beam, 404 Softride stem, 270 solvent-bath chain cleaners, 27, 51–52 solvents, 103, 105, 133, 172 citrus-based, 27, 51, 52, 258, 283, 286, 344 petroleum-based, 51 water-based, 52 Sonny’s Bike Tools, 256 spacer blocks, 196 spacers, 159–160, 162, 166, 252, 260, 271, 272, 280, 282, 285, 290, 458 adding, 249, 376 air-volume, 380 installing, 410

475 internal, 376 removing, 165, 376 replacing, 284 tubular, 165, 169 volume, 358 spanners, 42 Specialized Ass-O-Meter, 312 Specialized Brain shock, 407 Specialized Epic, 80 Speedplay Frog pedals, 297, 298, 300 Speedplay pedals, 297, 302, 309 spindles, 251, 254, 294 bottom-bracket, 55, 63, 259, 260, 261 cartridge-bearing, 260 crank, 255 installing, 249, 250 integrated, 250 orientation of, 253 pedal, 306, 308, 434 removing, 239 square-taper, 237, 238 titanium, 308 SpinSkins, 34 splines, 170, 174, 188, 239, 458 spoke calculator, 330 spoke holder, 10 spoke holes, 32, 153, 332 spoke tension gauge, 10 spokes, 41, 330–331 aero, 331 braking and, 344, 345 converging parallel, 340 crossing, 347 dividing, 333 double-threaded, 346 drive-side, 333, 348 first set of, 333–335 installing, 333–334, 335 lacing, 334, 335–336, 337, 338–339, 345–347 loosening, 342, 343 nail-head, 346 prepping, 332, 344 pulling, 344, 345 radial, 346, 348 static, 345 tensioning, 154, 332, 341, 344, 346 thickness of, 348 thin, 331 tightening, 340–341, 342, 344 spoking patterns one-cross, 329, 331, 333, 347 radial, 333, 345–347, 346, 348 rear-wheel, 348 three-cross, 329, 331, 338, 346–347, 348 two-cross, 329, 333, 347 spring preload, 358, 365, 405, 459 adjusting, 357, 406 spring pressure, positive, 359

spring rate, 357–358, 360, 361, 364, 405, 407, 408, 411, 412 adjusting, 358 hard/soft, 358 high/low, 358 negative, 359 progressive, 359 spring tension, 220, 222 adjusting, 105, 227–228, 232 springs, 165, 180, 376, 377, 384, 458–459 adjusting, 359, 362 air, 353, 359, 381–382, 406, 408 coil, 353, 365–366 deflating/removing, 370 elastomer, 353 installing, 179, 223, 366 p-, 76 pivot, 63, 75–77, 104, 105, 106 positive, 359, 406, 410 removing, 375, 377, 383, 385 return, 220, 222 soft, 357 spreader, 184 sprocket remover tool, 174 SQLabs, 312 squeaking, 327–328 troubleshooting, 420 squealing, 220 troubleshooting, 420 SRAM, 37, 60, 74, 94, 106, 108, 459 SRAM/Avid brakes, bleeding, 320 SRAM bleed kit, 199 SRAM brake levers, 217 SRAM brakes, bleeding, 199–200, 320 SRAM cassette, removing, 172 SRAM chains, 52, 54, 59, 60, 64, 65 SRAM cogsets, 73, 172 SRAM cranks, 257 SRAM derailleurs, 72, 80, 83 SRAM ESP derailleurs, 74 SRAM Grip Shift, 88, 108 maintenance for, 96–98 replacing, 95–96 SRAM Half Pipe Grip Shifts, 97 SRAM Half Pipe twist shifter, 88, 95–96 SRAM Jonnisnot, 89 SRAM PowerLink, 60–61, 62 SRAM PowerLock, 60–61 SRAM shifters, 88 SRAM Shortie Grip Shifts, 96, 97 SRAM Trigger Levers, 84, 94 SRAM/Truvativ, 257 SRAM/Truvativ GXP crankset, 243, 249, 256, 257 SRAM X-Horizon rear derailleurs, 55, 74 SRAM XD cassettes, 170, 173, 174 SRAM XD freehub body, 170, 174 SRAM XD splines, 173 SRAM XX direct-mount front derailleurs, 80

stand-over clearance, 429, 430, 432, 434, 459 Stan’s NoTubes, 151, 459 star-nut installation tools, 6, 280 star nuts, 271, 272, 277, 280, 284, 459 stationary trainer, 434 steering, troubleshooting, 418 steering axis, 349, 459 steering systems, 263 steering tubes, 119, 184, 214, 273, 278, 278, 282, 285, 287, 288, 289, 385, 386, 459 carbon-fiber, 272, 280 diameter of, 277 length of, 277, 290 overlap, 271, 284 sighting through, 387 steel, 272 stems and, 268, 292 stripped, 352 stuck stems and, 274, 275, 292 threaded, 270 threadless, 268, 270–272, 352 stem clamps, 270, 271, 272, 277, 278, 291 checking, 266 spreading, 274 undertightening, 437 stem length, 433, 459 stems, 214, 263, 268–270, 280, 284, 459 adjusting, 270–272, 273–274, 292 clamp-type, 270 expanding, 352 front-opening, 291 horizontal, 268 installing, 119, 270–272, 273, 281 lightweight, 273, 291 maintaining, 273 quill-type, 273 removing, 270, 273, 274–275, 285 replacing, 32, 273, 284, 291 single-bolt, 266 steering tubes and, 268, 292 stuck, 274–275, 292 suspension, 270 tightening, 16, 437 troubleshooting, 291–292 turning problems with, 292 step-down insert, splined, 4 stopscrews, 105, 106 straps, 293, 294 Stronglight, 279, 286 subpins, 57, 58 SunTour, 169 Surly, 56 suspension, 360, 389 activating, 355 checking, 31, 406–407 evaluating, 402 rear, 357, 389

INDEX

476 tires and, 139, 356 troubleshooting, 418 tuning, 404–405 tweaking, 411, 412 suspension forks, xv, 45, 187, 229, 430 high-quality, 399 suspension systems, front-/rear-, xv, 25, 42–43, 45, 104, 389 swingarms, 24, 78, 391, 392, 402, 406, 459 movement of, 413 syringes, 374, 383 bleed, 198, 199, 321 remote, 321–322, 323 seatpost, 321–322, 322 T47 bottom brackets, 247 taillight/flasher, 13 TALAS units, replacing, 376 talcum powder, 2, 145 tape duct, 13 pipe, 140 tubeless sealing, 149, 151 taps, 6, 10, 394, 459 Taya chains, 52, 54 Taya “Sigma Connector” master link, 62 telescoping magnet, 9 tension adjustment, 222, 228, 298 tensioning, 69, 154, 207, 227, 228, 331, 332, 341, 344, 346 tensioning tools, 331 Third Eye Chain Watcher, 111 thread-adjustment ring, 21 threaded parts, prepping, 28 threadlock compound, 4, 9, 28, 169, 308, 438 threads bottom-bracket, 394 BSA, 247 cross-threaded, 394 fixing, 393–395 stripped, 394 tapping, 394 303 Aerospace Protectant, 33 through-axles, 6, 157–158, 413, 459 clamp-in, 18, 19 detaching wheels with, 118 draw-bolt, 19 quick-release, 1, 18, 19 screw-in, 22 tightening, 21–22 thumb shifters, 94, 99, 459 replacing, 96 replacing cable in, 84 tight, 30, 439 Time ATAC pedals, 296, 299, 303 axles of, 300 bent clips on, 309 Time ATAC XS pedals, 298 Time pedals, 295, 296, 297, 309

INDEX

axles of, 300 bearings of, 300, 302 tensioning, 298 Time TMT pedals, 299, 300 Tioga pedals, 300, 302 tire beads, 145, 459 tire casing, 141, 147, 151 torn, 35–36, 152 tire circumference, 421 tire inflators, 10–11 tire levers, 2, 11, 12, 141, 186, 459 tire pressure, 16, 31, 147 tire pressure gauge, 3 tire rotation, direction of, 149 tire sealants, 4, 459 tires burping, 148 damage to, 31 deflating, 140, 152 diameter of, 144 flat, 15, 33 ideal size, 144 inflating, 34, 146, 150, 151, 152, 421 inspecting, 16, 31, 146 installing, 141, 145–146, 148–151 leaks in, 143, 151 removing, 139, 141–142, 142–143, 150, 386 seating, 150 sew-up, 139 suspension and, 356 TLR, 148, 149 troubleshooting, 418 tubeless, 33, 34, 141, 142–143, 147, 148–151, 150 UST, 148, 149 titanium, 391, 413 toe-ins, 232 toeclips, 293 Tool Kit Level 1, 1–3 Level 2, 1, 3–4, 6 Level 3, 1, 6, 9 tools, xv, 1, 33 for all rides, 12–13 carrying, 46 for multiday trips, 13 special, 15 toothbrushes, 27, 167, 173, 258 top caps, 278, 280, 282, 365, 460 installing, 272, 380 removing, 274, 323, 377 top tubes, 127, 432, 433, 460 Topeak All Speeds chain tool, 59 Topeak Chain Hook & Wear Indicator, 53–54 Topeak/Spinergy valve extenders, 140 Topo pedals, 298, 302 torque, 77, 190, 239, 352, 366, 401, 460 settings, 437, 438 tightening, 29

torso length, 433 Torx keys, 4, 194, 460 Torx T10 Key, 199, 322, 323, 324 Torx T25 Key, 11, 12, 40, 81, 93, 190, 304, 306, 308, 322, 439 Torx T30 Key, 77, 241 Torx wrenches, 28, 84 transmission fluid, 375 travel adjusting, 362, 375–381 measuring, 354–355, 356 Trek, 246 Trek BB30 bearings, 251 Trek BB30 bottom brackets, 245–246, 249, 250–251, 259 Trek BB30 cranks, 258 Trek BB30 spindles, 251 Trek BB30 tool bushings, 251 Trek BB86 bottom brackets, 246 Trek BB86 road shell, 246 Trek BB90 bottom brackets, 246 Trek BB90 frames, 250 Trek BB92 bottom brackets, 245, 246, 257, 259 installing, 249–250 Trek BB92 mountain bike shell, 246 Trek BB95 bottom bracket shells, 246 Trek BB95 bottom brackets, 246, 250, 257, 259 Trek BB95 frames, 250 Trek BB386 EVO bottom brackets, 246, 259 Trek BB392 EVO bottom brackets, 245–246, 247, 257 installing, 249–250 trigger shifters, 96, 216 trueness, 32, 39, 342, 344 truing, 154–156, 341–342, 346 lateral, 341 radial, 156, 342 truing stands, 6, 11, 154, 343 using, 340, 341, 342 Truvativ, 460 Truvativ GXP cranksets, 250, 257 Truvativ HammerSchmidt crankset, 99 tubeless conversion system (TCS), 148 tubeless ready (TLR), 148, 149, 460 tubes, 33, 35, 151 checking, 32 deflating, 139, 146 inflating, 35, 36, 145 installing, 35, 145–146 knotting, 35 patching, 35, 144, 145 removing, 139, 141–142 rim strips and, 145 spare, 2, 12, 13, 32, 34, 35, 43 tubing cutter, 10 tweezers, 4, 5 twist shifters, 94, 102, 216, 460 replacing, 95–96

477 U-brakes, 23, 212, 231–232, 460 understeering, 362 undertightening, problems with, 437 unified-rear-triangle systems, 62, 100 units, conversion between, 438 Universal Standard Tubeless (UST), 142, 148, 460 V-brakes, 211, 213, 217, 223, 231, 232, 460 adjusting, 218–222, 224 bosses, 392, 394 centering, 220–221 installing, 218–221 mounting, 218 optimizing, 221 parallel-push, 220 performance of, 216 releasing noodle from, 212 removing, 32 replacing pads on, 221–222 valve core removers, 4 valve cores, 140, 150, 151, 152 valve extenders, 140, 141 valve holes, 145, 149, 153 valve stems, 140, 143, 145, 146, 148, 152 valves, 149, 151 air, 352, 400 tubeless tire, 142, 150 Vari-Travel system, 376 vibrations, troubleshooting, 415, 418–419 vises, 4, 6, 10, 403 stuck stems and, 275 Vittoria Pit Stop, 151 volume spacers, 377, 381, 408, 409 VP pedals, 302 washers, 162, 178, 225, 229, 251, 281, 287, 305, 397, 404 lock, 456 shim, 364

spoke, 331 thick, 403 water bottles, 45 bosses for, 128, 394 wedges, 277, 292, 309, 454 Wellgo pedals, 298, 302, 303 wet wipes, 13 wheel-retention devices, 460–461 wheelbuilding, 39, 153, 329, 333 for big riders, 347–348 parts for, 330–332 reviewing, 344–345 wheels, 153, 259, 346, 347, 349, 434 bent, 38, 39, 40, 415 centering, 343–344 cleaning, 25 disc-brake, 331, 333 dishing, 343–344, 392 installing, 20, 24–25, 70, 190, 192, 202, 203–204, 374 lacing, 333–340, 346–347 off-center, 352 prestressing, 344 removing, 16, 17, 19, 23–24, 25, 117, 139, 142, 158, 193, 196, 213, 230, 275 rim-brake, 330 spinning, 16 straightening, 39 tensioning, 340–341, 342 true, 413 truing, 154–156, 341–342 Wheels Mfg., 244, 246, 251, 256, 395 Wheelsmith SpokePrep, 28 White Industries hubs, 169 Wilderness Trail Bikes, 169 wiper seal driver, 11 wipers, 373 wipes, minor, 104–105 Wippermann chain-elongation gauge, 54 Wippermann chains, 52, 54, 64, 65

Wippermann ConneX link, 61–62 Wippermann master link, 37 wires, 13, 90, 133 battery, 121, 128 derailleur, 129 e-tube, 126, 127, 128, 129 installing, 123, 125–130 wiring schematics, 123 wobble, 155, 156, 260, 341 Wrench Force housing cutter, 83 wrenches, 160, 201, 237, 279, 282, 294, 297, 318, 324, 461 adjustable, 3, 37, 174, 175, 240, 241, 254, 401 Allen, 28, 451 bottom-bracket, 245 box-end, 3, 29, 81, 93, 201, 403 cog, 173 combination, 373 cone, 5, 10, 158, 159, 162, 181 crowfoot, 8, 10, 401, 438, 453 headset, 4, 281 hex, 28, 156 open-end, 3, 12, 29, 165, 201 pedal, 3, 13, 295, 300 socket, 4, 29, 167, 305, 324, 332, 403, 458 specialty, 6, 156 splined, 4, 6, 10, 29 spoke, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, 38, 39, 40, 154, 332, 340–341 torque, 6, 23, 31, 77, 239, 437, 438, 460 untwisting, 37 Y-, 10, 156 X-Actuation SRAM Grip Shift, 87 X-Actuation XO Grip Shift, 98 X-Actuation XX Grip Shift, 98 yokes, 225, 231, 232, 461

INDEX

ABOUT THE AUTHOR Lennard Zinn is a bike racer, frame builder, and technical writer. He grew up cycling, skiing, whitewater rafting, and kayaking—as well as tinkering with mechanical devices—in Los Alamos, New Mexico. After receiving his physics degree from Colorado College, he became a member of the US Olympic Development Cycling Team. He went on to work in Tom Ritchey’s framebuilding shop and has been producing custom mountain, road, and triathlon frames, as well as custom cranks and stems, at Zinn Cycles since 1982 (zinncycles.com). Zinn has been writing for VeloNews since 1989 and is the senior technical writer for the magazine and its website, velonews.com. Other books by Zinn are Zinn & the Art of Road Bike Maintenance (VeloPress, 5th ed. 2016), The Haywire Heart: How Too Much Exercise Can Kill You, and What You Can Do to Protect Your Heart (VeloPress, 2017), Zinn & the Art of Triathlon Bikes (VeloPress, 2007), Zinn’s Cycling Primer (VeloPress, 2004), Mountain Bike Performance Handbook (MBI, 1998), and Mountain Bike Owner’s Manual (VeloPress, 1998).

ABOUT THE ILLUSTRATORS Todd Telander is a former mechanic and bike racer who devotes most of his time these days to artistic endeavors. He attended the University of California at Santa Cruz, and, while earning degrees in Environmental Studies and Biology, he completed a graduate-level program in scientific illustration. He has since studied fine art in several western states and was awarded an artist’s residency at Rocky Mountain National Park. In addition to drawing bike parts, he paints and draws wildlife and landscapes for publishers, museums, design companies, and individuals. You can see more examples of his work on his website, toddtelander.com. Mike Reisel is a graphic designer who spends most of his time art directing magazines and websites, riding his bike, and ignoring the pleas to lubricate his drivetrain.

SPORTS / CYCLING

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO FIX YOUR BIKE! Whether your mountain bike is new or old, running great or in need of repair, Lennard Zinn’s easy-to-follow instructions will help you maintain it and keep it working like new. Learn how to do it yourself and take care of every part of your bicycle, from basic tune-ups to major overhauls. Simple step-by-step instructions will guide you through each procedure, including how to fix shifting problems; repair a flat; adjust brakes; maintain or replace a chain; troubleshoot noises; adjust suspension; true a wheel—it’s all here, with hundreds of detailed illustrations of how parts go together and professional advice for doing the job right. Itemized lists explain which tools you’ll need, whether you are stocking a workshop or making a quick repair. No matter what type of mountain bike or hybrid you own, Lennard Zinn’s time-saving tips and clear instructions will help you maintain it, fix it, upgrade it, and keep it running dependably for years to come. Zinn & the Art of Mountain Bike Maintenance is your one-stop reference for everything you need to know about your bike!

$26.95

Bicycle Basics

• Simple instructions for regular bicycle care • How to do your own bike fit Complete Bike Repair

• How to fix every bike part: brakes, wheels, tires, headsets, pedals, derailleurs, chains, hubs, handlebars, seatposts, saddles, shifters, shocks, and suspension forks

Solve Common Bicycle Problems

• Diagnose and fix problems like a skipping chain, rough shifting, squeaky brakes, or a stuck seatpost

The Ultimate Reference

• Exhaustive troubleshooting index; glossary of terms; torque specifications; gear chart for 26-, 27.5-, and 29-inch wheels

Friction shifting CHAPTER 5

MORE THAN 750 ILLUSTRATIONS AND EXPLODED VIEWS!

Steel frames CHAPTER 17

Quill stems CHAPTER 12

Cantilever brakes

Threaded headsets

CHAPTER 10

CHAPTER 12

Threaded freewheels CHAPTER 8

Loose-bearing hubs CHAPTER 8

Quick-release wheels CHAPTER 8

Fixing flats

Wheelbuilding

CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 15

Tires and tubes CHAPTER 7

Threaded bottom brackets CHAPTER 11

LENNARD ZINN

is the world’s leading expert on bike maintenance and repair. He was a

member of the US national racing team and has been riding and fixing bikes for more than 50 years. A professional frame builder and bike designer, Lennard is also a technical writer for VeloNews magazine and hosts the popular Tech Q&A column on VeloNews.com.

Cage pedals and toe clips CHAPTER 13

www.velopress.com