Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese
MINIMAL OLD CHINESE and LATER HAN CHINESE A Companion to Grammata Serica Recensa !XEL3CHUESSLER ABC Chinese Dictionary
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MINIMAL OLD CHINESE and LATER HAN CHINESE A Companion to Grammata Serica Recensa
!XEL3CHUESSLER
ABC Chinese Dictionary
Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese
ABC CHINESE DICTIONARY SERIES Victor H. Mair, General Editor The ABC Chinese Dictionary Series aims to provide a complete set of convenient and reliable reference tools for all those who need to deal with Chinese words and characters. A unique feature of the series is the adoption of a strict alphabetical order, the fastest and most user-friendly way to look up words in a Chinese dictionary. Most volumes contain graphically oriented indices to assist in finding characters whose pronunciation is not known. The ABC dictionaries and compilations rely on the best expertise available worldwide and are based on the application of new strategies for the study of Sinitic languages and the Chinese writing system, including the first clear distinction between the etymology of words, on the one hand, and the evolution of shapes, sounds, and meanings of characters, on the other. While aiming for conciseness and accuracy, series volumes also strive to apply the highest standards of lexicography in all respects, including compatibility with computer technology for information processing. Some of the dictionaries in this series are concerned with different varieties of modern Chinese, whereas others present the latest scholarly findings concerning earlier stages of development. All are aimed at facilitating the research and reading of scholars and students alike. Published Tides in the Series ABC Chinese-English Dictionary (desk reference and pocket editions) Edited by John DeFrancis ABC Dictionary of Chinese Proverbs Edited by John S. Rohsenow ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary Edited by John DeFrancis An Alphabetical Index to the Hanyu Da Cidian Edited by Victor H. Mair Handbook of'Phags-pa Chinese W. South Coblin ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese Axel Schuessler Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese: A Companion to Grammata Serica Recensa Axel Schuessler
Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese A Companion to Grammata Serica Recensa
Axel Schuessler
University of Hawai'i Press Honolulu
© 2009 University ofHawai'i Press
All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 14 13 12 11 10 09
6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Schuessler. Axel. Minimal old Chinese and later Han Chinese : a companion to Grammata serica recensa / Axel Schuessler. p. cm. -
(ABC Chinese dictionary series)
ISBN 978-0-8248-3264-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Chinese language-Ancient Chinese. 600-1200-Phonology. Grammata serica recensa.
II. Title.
1. Karlgren. Bernhard. 1889-1978.
III. Title: Companion to Grammata serica recensa.
PLl20l.S352009 940.54'4910943-dc22 2008061455
University of Hawai'i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources.
Camera-ready copy prepared by the author.
Printed by Edwards Brothers. Inc.
CONTENTS
PREFACE .... .. .. .... ............ ... .. ........ ............................ ........ ..... ........ ..... ....... ............... ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... .. ...... ............ ... ...... ... ... .... .... .................... ..... ... ........... ..... xiii GSC ENTRIES .... ......... .. .. ... ............... ......... ...... .... ....... ........... .. ....... .......... ......... ..... xv TRANSCRIPTIONS .............................. .. ... ......... ... .. ... .... ...... ..... .... .... .. ......... .......... .. xix SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................. ... ........... .... ...... .. .. ... .... ..................... xxi INTRODUCTION ....... ....... .. ... .. ............................... ..... ................................. ............. 1 I APPROACHES TO THE HISTORY OF CHINESE ................ ....... ....... ........... ...... ... 1 1.1 Alphabetic records ..... ............. .. ..... ....... .. ... ......... ......... ....... ... .. ..... ... ....... .... .. I 1.2 The comparative method and internal reconstruction ......................................... 2 1.3 The philological approach ... ....... .. ........ ..... ... ........ ..... .... ...... ... .................. .. .. . 3 1.4 Segments of a Chinese syllable ......... .. .. .... .... .. .................................. ............. . 3 1.5 Ancient stages and dialects ... .. .... ... ..... ......... ...... ... ... .... ...... ...... ........... .... ....... 4 2 MIDDLE CHINESE AND THE QIEY(JN ....... ... .. ... ..... ..... ........ ... ...... .. .................. 5 2.1 The rime dictionary Qieyun ... ... ... .. .................. .... ....... ............ ..... .. ................. 5 2.2 MC notational systems ................................... ..... .......... .............. ...... ............ 6 2.3 Middle Chinese tones ... ....................................................................... .......... 6 2.4 The QYS (MC) medials and 'Divisions ' ~ ... ....... ... ... ............................... ........ 7 2.5 Problems with the Qieyun and Middle Chinese ............... ... .. ...... ........... ....... ..... 9 3 OLD CHINESE: PHONETIC SERIES ..... .. .............. .... ........... ....... ...... .. ............... 10 3.1 Composite graphs ......... ... .. ....................... .... ... ........... ..... ...................... .... . 10 3.2 The Xiesheng principle ... ..... .. ..... ...... .. ... ..... .. .... ... ......... .. ... .... ........... .. ...... .. . II 3.3 Incongruous series ........ ......................... ...................... ..... ....... .... .... ......... .. 12 4 OLD CHINESE THROUGH INTERNAL RECONSTRUCTION ... .... .. .... ....... ...... .. 12 4.1 The distribution of QY initials ............. ..... ... .. ... ....... ... .... ......... .... ................. 12 4.2 MC initial y- ..................... .... .......... ................ .............................. ............. 13 4.3 MC palatal initials ..... .. .. ... ........ ...... .. .. ....... ..... ..... ............ ........ ............... .... 13 4.4 MC medi al wand u ............................ ... ... ......................................... ..... ..... 13 4.5 OC consonant clusters and *r ....... ...................... ....................... ... ...... ....... .... 14 4.6 OC syllable types A and B: QYS Div. III and medial yod ............. ......... ... ......... 16 5 OLD CHINESE THROUGH THE XIESHENG SYSTEM ... ... ... .. .................... ...... .. . 17 5.1 I nitial consonants ................................... ..... ...... ........ ... .. .... ......... ... ..... ... .... 17 5.2 Ch6ngniiJ doublets ..... ....... .................. ... ..... ....................... ......................... 20 5.3 OC sources of MC tones .... ....... ... ........... ............. ..... ..... ..... ........... .... .... ....... 22 5.4 Summary of OC rimes ..... .. ............................................ .. ...... ... .... ...... ....... .. 25 5.5 Summary of OC initials .......................... .................... .... ............. .. .............. 26 6 MINIMAL OLD CHINESE: PRINCIPLES AND CRITERIA ................ .... .... ...... .... . 27 7 LATER HAN CHINESE ......................... ... ........ ................ .... ..... ....... ...... .......... 29 7.1 Phonemes ... ......... .. .. ... .............. ... ... ... .... .. ..... .... .... ..... ... .. ............ ..... ..... .... . 29 7.2 No consonant clusters ......... .... .............. .... .. .......... ........... ...... .. .... ..... ........ ... 29
v
CONTENTS 7.3 Palatalization of certain velar consonants ....... ......... ...... ..... ........ ...... .............. 29 7.4 Tones and vowellength .... .... ..... ............ .... .................................................. 29 7.5 LHan Final -s .. .... .............. .. ..... .. ..... ....... .... .. ... ...... ...... ......... .... ....... .. ... .... .. 30 7.6 Vowel bending or warping ........................................................................... 30 8 HAN PERIOD SOURCES ON PHONOLOGy ...... ........... ..... .. ... .. ........... ............... 31 8.1 The Shuowen jiezi ........ .. .................................. ........ .... .. .. .... ... ..... ...... .......... 31 8.2 Sound glosses ... .... ....... .... .... .... ..... ... .................. ................................ ... ...... 32 9 INTERPRETATIONS OF IRREGULAR PHONETIC COMPOUNDS ...... .............. ... 34 9.1 Premises ... ... ........................... .... ... ........ ....... ........... .... ..... .. ........... ... .. ....... 34 9.2 Illustrations for premises and assumptions .................... ... .............. ..... ........... 35 10 CONCLUSION .. ...... .... .... ..... ......... ... .............. ........... .... ....... ........ .. ................ 39 REFERENCES ..... .... .. ........ .. ........ ... ... ... .. ..... ... ... ...... ...... ....... .......... .. ........................ 40
2
3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
oeM OCM OCM OCM OeM OeM OeM OCM OeM OeM OeM OeM OeM oeM oeM oeM OCM oeM OCM OCM OCM OCM OCM OCM oeM oeM OCM OCM oeM oeM OCM
rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime rime nme nme rime rime rime rime nme rime rime rime
YU bit ~ff~ ...... ....... ................ ............ .... ......... .......... 45 *-a Du6 bit ~~ ...... .......... ..................................... .. ........ 64 *-ak Yang bit ~$ ....... .. ......... .................................. .......... 75 *-alJ Zhfbit Z ff~ ......... .. ............ .. .. .... .... ... ............. ... .. ....... 91 *-;) Zhi bit ~~ ...... ... .. ........ ............................................ 107 *-;)k Zheng bu ~~ .......................................................... 114 *-;)lJ ZhfbiJ ~~ .... .. ... .... .... .. ....... ............ .. ... .. .... ......... .... 119 *-e Xfbit ~ff~ ... .... .. .... ... ...... .......... ... ........... ... .... .. ... ...... 129 *-ek *-elJ Geng bit :fJ!:ff~ ............................................................ 135 *-0 H6u bi! 1~ff~ ............................................................. 145 Wlibu ~~ ...... ......... ...... .... ... ............. ... ............... .. 156 *-ok Dong bi! *~ 162 *-OlJ You bi! ~ff~ ......... .... ... ............................................. 170 *-u *-uk JUI! bit ~ff~ .. ······ ··· ······ ··· .. ····· ··· ··· ·· .. ······················· .. · 185 *-UlJ Dong bu ~~ ........... ....................................... ........ . 190 *-au Xiao bu ~~ ................... ....... ....... .......... ..... .. ......... 193 *-auk Yao bit ~~ ............................................................. 205 *-ai Ge bu ~ff~ (I) ................................ ........ ...... ............ 210 *-oi. *-wai Ge bu ~$ (2) ...... .. .. ...... .... .. .. ........ ...... ............... ..... 219 *-et, *-es Yue- n bu fH?ff~ (I) .......... . ............ ........ ..... ............ 225 *-at, *-as Yue- n bu F.l ~ff~ (2) ................ ......... .. .. .... .. ... ... ....... 230 *-ot, *-wat, *-os, *-was Yue- n bu F.l ~'€l'~ (3) .............. .. ..... .. .. ......... 239 *-en Yuan bu 5tffil (I) .... . ............ .. ........... .... ..... .. ............. 244 *-an Yuan bu 5ttf~ (2) .............. ............... ...... ...... .... .... ..... 251 *-on, *-wan Yuan bu 7C~ (3) .................................. .. ........ .......... 264 *-i, *-;)i Zhfbu g~ffiI .............................................. ................ 275
*-;)i *-ui, *w;)i *-it, *-i(t)s rime *-;)t, *-;)(t)s rime *-ut, *-u(t)s
..................................... ......................
Wei bu 1t&$ (I) .............................................. . .... ..... Wei bu t~:g~ (2) ........................................................ Zhi bu ff:g~ ................. ....... .. ........... ....... ......... ......... Wu bu ~~ (I) .. ..... ... .. ......... . . .......... .... ........ ......... .. WU bu ~:g~ (2) .......... ....... ................. .................. .... vi
286 290 296 305 311
CONTENTS Zhen bu
~$
... ........ ... ................. ... .. ... ... ...... ........... . 3 16
OCM rime *-:m
Wen bu
3LHan tsol), MC tsjal). In MC Div. I1IV and II syllables (no medial j), which seem to have been lax (huan f.\i) in Later Han Chinese, the OCM vowels are marked with an accent circumflex (as in French liiche 'lax') which is here purely symbolic; however: OC syllable type A (> MC Div. IIlV, II) OC syllable type B (> MC Div. III, 3/3, 3/4)
iifue~o
aiuego
E.g., 1i OCM I)a? > LHan I)OB, MC I)UO B; or:fit OCM *I)ai? > LHan l)oiB, MC l)a B; note that the MC circumflex a represents a darker a, as in French lache, and is not (directly) related to the symbolic OCM one. Elements of diphthongs, including the unstressed ones, are written with vowels (i y u), as in modern dialect transcriptions , instead of semi-vowels (j, w), thus fflt *riau, for example.
xx
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
This list is taken from the EDOC and may include abbreviations that do not occur in this manual.
o ~
>
tan *ttan > tan *tan > tan *"tan > tan *tan > tan *tan >tan *tan >tan
OLD CHINESE THROUGH THE XIESHENG SYSTEM
The methods of historical linguistics discussed so far (above) have provided fairly reliable reconstructions of some features of OC. However, other aspects of OC are only recoverable through the analysis of the graphs and the phonetic series with the XS principle. For example, if it were not for phonetic series, the connection between MC initial x- and nasals could never be known (5.1.5). Unfortunately, the phonetic series do not reveal other OC features as transparently as in the case of MC X-, so that one needs to rely on interpretations based on assumptions and theories (see section 9).
5.1 Initial consonants 5.1.1 The QYS has two MC initial yod Il®-=::), one in Div. IV (yu si 1l®1l9):
U-,
in Chinese yu
17
Il®), one placed in Div. III (yz) san
INTRODUCfION yu san = MC jw- Div. III , as in yue ~ MC jwet, Karlgren *giwat (OCM *wat) yu Sl = MC ji- Div. IV , as in yuet~ MC jiwat , Karlgren *diwat (OCM *lot) Since MC jw- has XS contacts with gutturals, Karlgren set up Arch. Ch. *giwat ~ with g-; for MC ji- he variously postulated initial *gi-, *bi-, *zi-, but mostly *di- depending on the XS environment, hence t~ is *diwat in his Arch. Ch. To distinguish the voiced stops, which disappear by MC, from ones that survive, he set up the more endurable type as aspirated : *g\-, *b'i-, and *d'i-(see4.5.1). MC jw- occurs always with the medial glide w (exceptions are the two grammatical words yan 1.% and yJ with plausible sandhi explanations). This initial is now generally written as OC *w-, as required by the rule of economy, and confirmed by Buddhist transcriptions of Indic words in Han-period transliterations where this initial consistently represents lndic v, e.g. , yue ~ jwet 3 < *wat for Indic vat. The process of elimination and historical phonology both lead to the conclusion that the major source of the Me ji- was OC *1. MC ji- mixes in phonetic series with d and th, among others; they must all be variants of a distinct OC consonant. The source of MC ji- cannot have been a dental stop or *r (they are already identified in OC), nor a palatal (it would not mix with dentals). It cannot have been OC *j-, because too many unusual phonological steps would be required to explain a connection with *d-. This leaves OC *1-: phonetically it is only one step from 1 to d (1 is simply d with the air escaping laterally), as illustrated in Lfnchuan ti « di) for Mand. Ii £. Then, initial 1- being replaced by j- has parallels, e.g., Burmese (r, 1> j , note Yangon 'Rangoon ' ), and Spanish. By the Middle Han period a high medial glide (i or j) had emerged in later Div. III syllables as a result of vowel warping (see 7.6). This medial became the new initial j- because the old *1- had to give way to a new 1- (> MC 1-) from OC *r-:
*
because therefore perhaps also
~ OC *ral) > rial) > LH Jial) ~ OC *Ial) > Jial) > LH 0ial) = jal) ~ OC *wu? (?) > wiu? (?) > LH 0iu B = juB (MC jiau B); see below.
Foreign loans and cognates confirm the OC *1 (e.g., ye ~ MC jiap < *lap 'leaf' ~ TB *lap 'id. '). Karlgren 's Archaic Chinese set of voiced stops is thus replaced by a single phoneme *1-: Arch. Ch. *gi-, *di-, *biArch. Ch. *g\-, *d\-, *b'i-
=OC *1- (Li OC *r-) = OC *g-, *d-, *b-
=MCji= MC g-I Y-, d-, b-
Thus phonetic series with dental initials fall into two sets, one with OC initial dental stops (T series'), one with OC *1- ('L series'). They can be distinguished with these diagnostic MC initials (see also tables in EDGe §8 ; § 12.1.2): ( I ) T series only (2) T and L series (3) L series only
MC t, ~ (*tr-), tsj (*t-), zj (*d-) MC t h (*th"- I *Ih"-), d (*d"- I *1"-), LH kie > tse > MC tsje 3Z. For reasons that are not yet clear, this palatalization of velars did not occur in all rimes (e.g ., jf E MC kjet < OCM *kit), nor with aspirated k h_, nor with voiced g- in tone A (Schuessler 1996). 7.4 Tones and vowel length Tones are marked with letters (B, C) as in MC (see 2.3); for the tonal development in MHan and LHan, see 5.3.1. LHan may have preserved earlier segmental features in weakened form, thus one could write LHan kaa, ka?, kah; however, for the sake of consistency we use the tone letters instead, hence LHan ka, ka B, ka c. Vocalic length distinctions did not exist in LHan
29
INTRODUCTION syllables. The transcription of Indic syllables with their strict length distinctions reveal no correlation with the later QYS divisions. Only open syllables in tone B tend to be avoided in transcribing Indic long vowels.
7.5 LHan Final -s As transcriptions show, final *-s survived from OC finals *-(t)s (Karlgren's OC *-d, Baxter's *-ts); see 5.3.1. 7.6 Vowel bending or warping Vowel bending (or warping) resulted from the distinction between high vocalic onset syllables (HS =Pulleyblank' s OC type B syllables) vs . low vocalic onset syllables (LS =OC type A syllables), as explained in Schuessler 2006 (see also 4 .6). In HS the onset of a vowel is bent up to the high vowel above it which becomes a medial (i j y u); in low onset syllables the vowel is bent down. In Table 1-4 the unbent vowels are in the marked boxes; these are i and u which cannot bend any higher, and a cannot bend any lower; the eventual change from a J:!l ka B to 0 J:!l ko B is due to a different type of phonological change where the original a was pushed into the slot of earlier 0 which had warped to ~u (1tJ kdU B) .
Table 1-4: LHan vowel bending
m
kia (*ki » tsi 3Z: kie > tse $ pie ~mua .ltpiB % siB 5;0 ~ie W sia
HS
ij~
~
~
~muo
i!¥ bu
If:x: tshio B
Tjc tsh(i)u
g
0
u
kio (or kuo)
--_.-
OC
i
LS ~ kei MHan *mei B B theiB LHan later stage
mkei *mei B 1m theiB
e
a
mke
1'"" be
ko B
J:!l ::ffl pac
rfiiT de
± taB
mkei
J:!l ko B ::ffl poc
t"" bei rfiiT dei
± toB
:tL ku
kig ill mug >mu T tsig B
ko B
W< kg %f; mg 7t dzg
1tJ
W< kog > k~i 4# mag > m~iB 7t dzag > dz~i
1fiJ bo > buB
f,J: moB Ey! do f,J: mgo > mgu B lm dgo > dgu
1S kou J!f pou m dou B
1S kau W pau lli dauB
The basic pattern of up-bending is represented in the first row of the table (with initial k). Deviations and further changes are the result of other phonological mechanisms. Thus the high glide was assimilated to u after labial initials (;fW, HS [mio >] muo), but was assimilated to j after acute initials (T HS [tS1g B >] tsig B). Uncertainties remain, e.g. Tjc qiU < MC tshjgU could have been MHan tshu (the high vowel u does not bend), or it could have been MHan tshiu (after acute initials the glide is j). The two stages in LS are suggested by transcriptions and rime patterns. Syllables with diphthongs or final consonants are subject to the same vowel bending, e.g. Mand. < MC < tuol) biao pjau B 3 pjiau 4 ~ biao 11\ xiao sjau B kjeiB ~ ji ~ dong
*
LHan < toul) piou B piau siou B kiiB < kigi B
OC Wl) NWC (ca. AD 400) toul); cf.15Ji in Table 1-4 pau? piau i in iau cannot bend higher s(i)au? bi? leveling might have occurred 30
INTRODUCTION
1* B
fo jf ~ liao
bjwdt kjiet 4 lieu
8
but kit leu < leiau
kit rHiu
leveling might have occurred
HAN PERIOD SOURCES ON PHONOLOGY
The dictionary Shu6wen jiezl and phonological information from Han period sound glosses are considered important sources for the reconstruction of Oc. These frequently mentioned materials will be briefly introduced and their utility for OC phonology discussed. 8.1 The Shuowen jiezi The oldest comprehensi ve dictionary of graphs, the Shu6wen jiezl "§5tzf§lf:f: (Shuowen for short [SW]) seems to provide answers for puzzling phonetic composites. Its author Xu Shen ftt~ (d. AD 149) was removed from the OC period by only a few centuries. Among others, the eminent philologist Duim Yucai .@:.3i~ (1735-1815) has made emendations to the transmitted text that had been tampered with over the centuries, and has added comments which are widely taken as authoritative interpretations. The SWarranges the Han period corpus of graphs (with a few omissions) under 540 'classifiers' or 'radicals', and identifies the other graphic element, if there is one, as either phonetic or semantic. The SW thus provides early information on phonetic series and indirectly on OC phonology. A frequent formula is cong A , B sheng "A is the classifier, B is phonetic"; for example, ~M "* R~ yii, cong yan, wu sheng [SW 961] '''to tell': yan 'word' is the classifier, wu 'I' is phonetic." Occasionally, a graph may serve as an 'abbreviated' phonetic, as in SW2532 tmM*iffrt~~ shu cong mil shu sheng sheng " shu 'comb': 'wood' is the classifier, shu is the abbreviated phonetic"; only the right element of shu iffrt is used as phonetic, while the actual phonetic to the left is left out. Occasionally the SW uses the formula cong A, cong B, B yi sheng "A and B are classifiers, B is also phonetic," because no clear line can be drawn between the phonetic and semantic role of a graphic element; for example, SW 989 : ilij ... M:g:g:Jy\~ zhfw ... cong yan cong zhfw, zhiw y1 sheng" zhfw ' to tell' ... has the classifiers yan 'word' and zhao 'to call', zhiw is also phonetic." The phonetic role may be less obvious, or wrongly assumed, in a graph like gulin 'cap' (SW3357) where Xu Shen states that yuan JC 'head' is "also phonetic." Typically the SW's identification of a graphic element as semantic or phonetic agrees with the obvious structure of the graph and its membership in an OC phonetic series according to the XS principle. However, by "phonetic" Xu Shen may occasionally have meant as little as the rime. the final consonant, the initial consonantal category, or nothing phonetic at all, as in this case: SW 518 states that in mou ~± *mu? 'male' (of larger quadrupeds), til *thil.? 'earth' is "phonetic." However, in the OB the element was actually sh1 'male' (Li Xiaoding 1.159), neither til nor shi can have been phonetic, mau was originally a semantic compound. In a few instances, Xu Shen says that a graphic element is semantic (cong when it must also have been at least partially phonetic. Thus SW 1283 analyzes the graph jilin ~ *kln 'hard' as consisting of the semantic elements qin !lX *khins 'solid ' and til *thil.? 'earth', where q1n is clearly (also) phonetic. Thus Xu's explanations for irregular compounds need to be treated with caution. His loose XS "system" was apparently also that of the earlier creators of graphs.
M"*
m;
±
±
±
M)
±
31
INTRODUCTION Several additional limitations of the SW and its author must be kept in mind . First, Xu and his contemporaries were not aware of the OB and BI and therefore of the paleographic history of graphs. Often Xu simply describes the graph he sees without explaining it. Thus the left element in the graph for she!%j 'to shoot' he described as shen ~ 'body', whereas we know from OB that what appears like shen is the corrupted form of a bow with arrow. See Qiu X. 2000, especially ch . 8 for cases where Xu Shen has misanalyzed graphs. Secondly, this was not a dictionary of words and their phonology, but only of graphs and graphic relationships - phonetic (phonetic elements / loans) or otherwise (see 8.2.1). Third, Xu Shen's Later Han Chinese language had simplified and eliminated initial consonant clusters and voiceless sonorants. Evidence for LHan simplification include, for example, writing chiIUl: LHan ~haB > ~hiB (the phonetic is *ta? > LHan tsa B) for the graph chi If,G *nhra? > LHan ~haB 'shame' (Qiu 2000: 20). Buddhist transcriptions of Indic words show that LHan had no initial clusters; an Indic cluster with post-consonantal r is split into two syllables, see 7.2; conversely, a Div. II syllable like jia J!l!! MC ka (would be OC *kra) transcribes Indic ka . When foreign clusters in Han period loans agree with OC clusters, the loans must go back to Early Han or earlier. In Xu's language, the initial consonants of jian !iKf LH kame and Jan ~ LH lam were phonetically as irreconcilable as today. When he states that the former is "phonetic" in the latter, he cannot have included the initials if he based this comment on his own language; he can only have meant either the rimes, or he made a guess based on philological traditions and the many parallel k - I interchanges in phonetic series. These instances already show that the SW's notion of "phonetic" is looser than the modern definition of the XS principle, and that we are dealing in the SWat least partially with Han period Chinese, not OC. The subsequent discussions will demonstrate that, whatever Xu Shen's insightful pointers, we cannot build an OC reconstruction of a specific word on his statements alone. 8.2 Sound glosses Late Zhou and especially Han period literature contains sound glosses where one graph is suggesting, or is thought to suggest, the sound of another. The interpretation of such glosses is somewhat uncertain and has been much discussed (see a summary in Coblin 1983: 10-13). Sound glosses fall into different types; most common are loan graph glosses (graph X is to be read as Y, is a loan for Y), so-called duma glosses (8 .2.1), and paronomastic glosses (8.2.2). The phonological parameters for these glosses , which actually are puns, are uncertain. At best, broad tendencies may reveal features of the language or dialect of a writer. But they cannot always be relied upon for the reconstruction of a specific OC word. 8.2.1 Duruo glosses. Occasionally the SW and commentators remark that graph X "is read like" graph Y (X dli ruo i'iJi5 Y, hence the name) (for an introduction to these, see, for example, Coblin 1983: 12f; JCL 6.1, 1978: 27-33). Clear are the cases where a duma gloss tells us which of two or more readings of a graph is at issue. Often a gloss seems to refer only to part of a word's sound, similar to English, '''either' is pronounced like 'eat' and not like 'eye"'. For example, SW 1440 states, jue mI, MC ?iwet, LHan ?uet, *?wft (13-17) is "read like .... JfnP", xu, MC sjuet, LHan suit, *swit (that is , in the sense of 'care about' as in wu xu o/J JfnP 'don't care', and not like xu JfnP, MC swat, LHan suat, *sut 'to rub'), i.e., with final *-it, and not like its phonetic yao ii, MC ?ieu B, LH ?eu B , *?iu? with the vowel *-u.
32
INTRODucnON An example for a misunderstood duruo gloss is the following case, where the SW is sometimes thought to confirm that zi § 'self' was phonetically similar to bi " 'nose' in OC, hence one encounters OC reconstructions like *zbid.
SW 1472: § .. it!.~"ID zi bi ye, xiitng bi xing .. . "Z! 'self' is bi 'nose', the pictograph has the shape of bi 'nose' .. ."
*
Xu Shen was compiling a dictionary of wen X 'simple graphs' and zl 'compound characters', not words, sounds, and etymologies. Given his objective, he can only have meant that originally the graphs for 'self' and 'nose' were the same (which is indeed true) , nothing more. Therefore this statement does not prove complex initials. But elsewhere he has the gloss §!fIB" zi d6 ruo bi"self is read like nose," which has been discussed in sinological literature. But turning to the complete SW passage one discovers that the phrase has been taken out of context and completely misinterpreted: SW 109 (under huang ~): ... §fri:lit!. ... §@f;:fi. sh1 ye ... zl d6 ruo bi. jrn s6 y1 sh1 sheng z1 wei bi Z1.
0
9%.tJfri:l~-T~ " -T
... zi
In the seal script, the upper element in huang ~ was not bii B, but looked like zi § (its OB source was yet something else). Xu explains: " ... § means 'first' .. . § is read like bi'nose' . Nowadays one customarily considers the first-born offspring bi Z1." Taken out of context, he seems to say that 'self' is to be read like 'nose' . But he suggests nothing of the sort. First, he is referring only to the graph §, not the word zi 'self' or any other behind it. Since the graph originally wrote both zi 'self' and bi 'nose', Xu points out that the graph in question is to be read like bi(and not like zi) since it stands for a homophone 'first(-born), (also written §W). In sum, a phonetic similarity of the two words 'self' and 'nose' is certainly not suggested by Xu Shen. As to 3000 years ago, there could have been, as today, a mental association of the two because one customarily points to one's nose when pointing to oneself.
8.2.2 Paronomastic glosses. Some late Zhou and Han period texts make use of so-called paronomastic glosses which may indicate a word's sound. The Shiming *,i'; (written ca. AD 200) is a collection of such glosses by Liu xl!¥l~ ~~ (Bodman 1954). Some glosses, like Shiming 7.24 provide interesting information on pronunciation:
*~~B* 0 ~~D,@ , 1§:(jPJT.tJf.5Ait!.. cheguzheyuejii(LHkio). shengr6jii (LH kio), yan xing suoy1 jii ren yeo '''Carriage', the ancients called it kia. It sounds like 'dwell' kia, because one says that when travelling it is that whereby one causes a person to 'dwell' [in it]." 9 B *~lliJ%it!. 0 jIn ri che sheng jin she ye.. . "Nowadays, 'carriage' (LH tsha) sounds close to 'stay in a place' (LH sa B ) ... . " The author's point is that the graph for 'carriage' has two pronunciations, an older one (LH kio) and a current one (LH tsha). These are obviously puns with a phonetic as well as a semantic ingredient. Apart from clarifications of this kind and general trends which may reveal something about an authors dialect, the utility of paronomastic glosses for the reconstruction of individual OC words is doubtful. A pun does not prove much about an individual graph, especially since the material in the Shiming does not reveal identifiable phonological patterns (glance through Bodman 1954). The basis of some glosses seems to be even purely graphic rather than phonological, as [u f1 in rong ~t (Coblin 1978: 50, 51; Bodman 1954: 128-129, notes 274, 33
INTRODUCTION 347). Furthermore the historical stage and dialect of the punning language are uncertain. Once formulated, a paronomastic gloss "became a philosophical verity .... For example, the gloss ~, ~-tn dui yue ye "The hexagram dui means 'pleasure' ," occurs in the YijTng , Shuowen and the Shimfng" (Coblin 1983 : 15). At least some glosses are phonologically close in LHan, but were quite distinct in OC for which they are thought to be revealing, note t~ shi, LH dii B glossed as ~ shl , LH dieS - but these are oeM *gi? vs. *de? Considering all these caveats, a pun like sang wang ye ~L-tn '''Burial' means to 'disappear"', for instance, does by itself not necessarily prove an oe *sm cluster in sling; nor does she % LH sac as a gloss for kii LH kha c prove a velar in she.
'*
9 INTERPRETATIONS OF IRREGULAR PHONETIC COMPOUNDS The XS principle is only meaningful when applied to regular and systematic phonetic series (3.2). It has limited, or no, applicability for unsystematic series and irregular graphs. Pushing the XS principle beyond a certain limit into this area can lead to over-interpretation something that most investigators have understood (Karlgren , Li, Baxter). 9.1 Premises One's approach to the interpretation of phonetic series, graphs and data is guided by many conscious and unconscious premises and assumptions which can lead to spectacularly different oe forms. There are two premises with which one can approach irregular phonetic compounds: (a) the strictly phonetic premise; and (b) a premise that allows for broader mental or cultural associations and inferences in the choice of graphic elements. In this section 9, some difficult-to-analyze graphs are discussed as examples for the different results of these premises, and for the preference of the 'associative' path. (More practical guidelines have been mentioned in section 6 above.) 9.1.1 The 'phonetic' premise, as it could be called for lack of a better term, approaches XS primarily through deduction. A hypothesis like the XS principle is formulated and with strict logic applied to all phonetic series whose members are assumed to have been as similar as possible. If one postulates *gHim for MC Jam, then one could deduce that ren A (OCM *nin) was oe *znin because the graph is phonetic in qilin -=f (OCM *snhfn) 'thousand' . The hypothetical oe *znin is based purely on this exclusively phonological way of interpreting the XS principle in all phonetic series and irregular graphs, yet outside the frame of the phonetic premise there is no evidence for the phoneme *z-, for a XS contact with *snhin itself is not evidence, it merely suggests one of several possible interpretations. Evidence would be only MC forms, for example.
9.1.2 The 'associative' premise relies on what we actually know about the language (MC, categories, transcriptions, typology), and approaches irregular phonetic series and graphs with the realization that not only phonological, but also mental or cultural associations can have prompted the choice of a graphic element, so that the strict phonological similarity, which strict logic would require , cannot be assumed in irregular cases.
34
INTRODUCfION 9.2 Illustrations for premises and assumptions
*
(4-37/980) 9.2.1 IT In SW 2376 Xu Shen defines It* 'plum' as a 'fruit' (guo 5F1:), and the graph as consisting of the classifier mil 'tree' and the "phonetic" ziT 'offspring' (T§). The phonetic premise: Pan (2000 : 307) sets up It as OC *b-rw' (the rationale for his b is immaterial here); since zi T is 'phonetic' , he reconstructs it as *splw' in order to create a phonological link. This exemplifies the strict phonetic premise as well as the rigid application of the deductive mode of reasoning. The reconstructions may be right, but for by now familiar reasons and for the sake of simplicity, we prefer the other method. The associative premise: First, we have seen that Xu Shen's notion of 'phonetic' was not identical with that of modern investigators; he could mean as little as the rime, or nothing at all. Second, Xu Shen explicitly had It the fruit on his mind, not the tree. Traditionally, plums are a symbol for prolific offspring (ziT). That this symbolism does not derive from the graph, but that the graph probably reflects a folk tradition is suggested by mei 'a kind of plum' (without the element ziT) which carries the same symbolism. Thus cultural associations have played a role in the choice of the element zi T so that there is no compelling reason to bring the initials together phonetically. Finally, zi cannot be separated from the was OCM *r;:)7, and Twas *ts;:)7. prolific TB root *tsa. Consequently, This example demonstrates several OCM premises and assumptions: (1) Usually one has reconstructed the OC language by applying the classical XS principle to the writing system. In light of our knowledge of OC (based on MC, etc.), I now stand the XS principle on its head when considering irregular graphs. The question is: why was the word written in this way- not: what was the puzzling OC word behind the odd graph?Not: what was the presumably complex word for 'plum' and 'offspring'? But: why was plum (which for all we know was OCM *r;:)? < MC Iji B) written in this particular way? (2) Rather than proposing complex word forms, in odd 'phonetic' compounds the typical OC source of a MC form overrides writing conventions (phonetic series). (3) Not too much weight should be given to Xu Shen's identification of a "phonetic" when he is proven to be wrong on other occasions, as in mou, 8.1 above. (4) This example demonstrates the associative premise: not only phonology entered into the choice of a graphic element, but also cultural and other mental associations. The selection of elements in a composite graph can be on a sliding scale, from purely phonetic (as in ju ,@ *ka 'dwell', phonetic gil til *ka? 'antiquity'), to purely semantic (e.g., jilin ~ 'pointed': graph for 'small' on top of 'big'). Many graphic choices fall between these ends, like liwhich still shares the rime with zi The greater the semantic or mental overlap of a graphic element with the word it writes, the greater the chance that phonological similarity has been compromised. A strict XS principle works only when the compound is strictly phonetic; when other mental associations could have interfered with the selection of a graphic element, a phonology-based XS principle may lead to phonological connections where probably none existed.
*
m
*
9.2.2 XI ~ (26-33/596) There are other irregular graphs which share only the rime, if that. Xu can only have meant the rime at best when he states (SW 540) that in the graph for xT ~ *s~i 'rhinoceros', the element wei ~ *m;:)i? 'tail' was "phonetic." The initials were irreconcilable in Xu's Han period language as well as throughout the preceding archaic stages of Chinese because the words
35
INTRODUCTION derive from ST *S;)j 'rhino' and *mr;)j or *rm;)j 'tail' respectively (assuming something like OC *ms;)j - cf. WT bse - drifts into the realm of speculation). When investigating phonetic series, we encounter more examples of just rimes being sufficient as a common denominator (see 8.1). Therefore, we cannot assume that in such instances the initial consonants need to be reconciled for OC. 9.2.3 ZUl W (28-20/513) The graph zui W(dzw~iB) *dzfii? 'crime, offense' was originally written., but for taboo reasons was replaced during the reign of Qin Shi Huangdi by W which originally wrote a word for 'fish trap' (SW 3381). Fei ~~ looks like a possible phonetic, but initial consonant clusters of the type *sb- did not exist during the Qin dynasty, if they ever existed in oc. Hence the choice of the element rei ~~ 'is not' could not have been phonetic; it was probably chosen for its mental association with the notion 'wrong, offense'. Because of the possibility of semantic interference I doubt that an OC reconstruction with an initial sb- cluster (or the like) is justified. All we can say is that the OC form was something like *dzfii? If the SW intended to say that rei was phonetic, it would have referred only to the rime -(u)i. 9.2.4 wei fir (31-7/539) Morphological patterns can be of help in establishing an OC form (see 9.2.9). The problem is that morphology is often a judgement question . In the OB and BI, the graph -.lL stood for both wei fir MC jwei C 'position, seat', as well as for Ii -.lL MC lj;)p 'to stand'. Li -.lL is often believed to be phonetic in wei fir and thus phonologically very close and perhaps even etymologically related. Thus the two words look similar in some scholars' OC reconstructions. OCM tries to stay on the side of mundane straightforwardness. Li 'stand' would be a prime candidate for a semantic element in a graph for 'position', which weakens the case for phonological similarity (9 .2 . 1 [4]). The final *-ps in wei is based on the possible cognation with Ii, and initial *w- is otherwise not known to alternate in word families with initial *r- except in PCH *r-w- configurations which cannot be the case here, in light of the TB cognate *k-rap for 1i (EDGe § I 0). Hence OCM *wr;)(t)s (or even *wus - see 5.2.3) vs. *r;)p. 9.2.5 yue and Ie ~ (J 7-8/1125) Many phonetic series include MC features which leave us in a gray area where the application of the XS principle and its premises are debatable. Karigren and Li applied it in some cases more comprehensively than is proposed here for OCM. For example: Co-occurrence of MC IJ- and 1- in a series is rare, as in the much-discussed ~ which writes (a) Ie 'joy' (MC lak) OCM *riiuk, and (b) yue (MC IJak) *IJrauk 'music'; the graph was originally invented for (c) Ii ~ (MC liek) *riiiuk 'oak' and then borrowed for the other words (~ is the drawing of an oak tree; U. Unger Hao-ku 29, 1984). Because the same graph writes two words with rather different MC initials, Karigren thought that strict logic requires that Ie must have had some velar initial in OC as well, in order to make it more similar to yue, thus Karlgren's *IJlok vs. *glak. Accordingly, he reconstructed almost all graphs in the series with initial *g-, even though not a single one shows a trace of it in Me. OCM a voids sweeping creation of oe phonemes which are based not on tangible evidence (MC or otherwise), and assumes the simplest forms , hence *I]rauk vs. *rauk. As already pointed out, the user of this manual can add phonemic elements to OCM as he may deem appropriate, but it is very difficult for an unsuspecting user to visualize an initial cluster, 36
INTRODUCTION which has been presented to him, with an element deleted; thus *rauk may be less misleading than writing "*g-rauk" - even though, we may speculate (!), this may have been the OC form after all. 9.2.6 wei it'I1Ut (28-11 /575) Strict phonetic application of the XS principle led to Karlgren's conclusion that wei it'I1ut 'to be' must have been Arch. Ch. *diw~r (OCM *wi) with an initial dental stop consonant, since the graph was originally invented for zhuf it *~iwdr (OCM *tui) 'little bird' (so SW 4685; GSR 575; OB). Sagart follows Karlgren, although he recognizes, like Baxter (as well as OCM), that at least the root of 'to be' was *wi (or *wij, *wjij) . He explains the puzzling choice of a word beginning with *t- for phonetic in 'to be' with no dental initial in MC by hypothesizing that the copula must have had an iambic prefix *t~- (*t~-wij) that was regularly lost by MC (Sagart 1999: 91 ). Thus the iambic prefixes seem to correspond to some extent to Bodman's (and OCM's) hyphenated in OCM. However, we prefer a simpler solution through the associative premise. All that is knowable with some degree of reliability is that, based on MC, 'bird' was *tui and 'to be' was *wi . When in doubt, OCM assumes these MC-based OC forms regardless of phonetic environment in XS. What is not knowable is the mental association by which a writer 3200 years ago selected *tui 'bird' to write the grammatical word 'to be' so that a contemporaneous reader could retrieve the intended word. Just for the sake of argument, an alternative hypothesis for the irregular XS series could run like this : the word it OCM *tui 'little bird ' is likely an onomatopoetic imitation of a bird's chirping; the same phonetic writes another imitation of a bird's call, that of a 'female pheasant': wei (yao) • OCM *wi? Classifiers like kou [J 'mouth' and niflO ,~ 'bird' are later additions to disambiguate graphs, hence it could have originally written both *tui and *wi? From *tui derive some graphs in the phonetic series, from the *wi? others like wei it *wi 'to be'. This hypothesis requires fewer assumptions and steps, and is hardly more speculati ve than alternati ves. The preceding considerations may leave the impression that the OC word 'to be' was the issue, when in fact they were only about the *t-, not the widely agreed-on base *wi. Thus even this t-prefix hypothesis does not invalidate an OCM *wi (and vice versa) which is taken as the minimal foundation on which further hypotheses can be built. This discussion illustrates furthermore how easy it is to become distracted by marginal hypotheses about such things as prefixes, to the point of obfuscating fundamental consensus on OC issues. A final consideration: Availability. The degree of adherence to a phonology-based XS principle seems to depend partly on the number of words in a rime category and, in correlation with this number, the availability of graphic elements for writing a word. A rime category with a large corpus of words naturally has a sufficient supply of graphic elements to allow a fairly narrow phonological parameter of a phonetic series. Thus in the common OC rime *-a, words of the type KA and KRA each tend to have their own phonetic Ct:l3R 'ffiZ) . Rimes which are comprised of relatively few words, such as *-dP, *-en, and *-ui, have a more limited supply of graphic elements, therefore phonetic similarity may occasionally be reduced to the rime or even the final consonant. This could possibly have something to do with irregular graphs and series.
37
INTRODUCTION 9.2.7 jIn 8J, tiln ffit, nHm;%': (38-3/651,652) The graphs tan ~ MC th~m (OCM *rh~m) 'to covet' and niim ~ MC niem c (OCM *nfms) 'think of' share the element jib -5J MC kjgm (OCM *bm) 'today' which SW states is phonetic in the other two. This implies that all three words must have sounded similar in OC; according to strict logic, they should have had some complex initial clusters in OC (see p. ix). Let us step back for a moment. We know as facts the MC forms th~m and niem c ; we know that tan would normally derive from OC *thgm, *lh;}m, *nhgm, or *rhgm in a regular fashion, there is little argument about that; transparent cognates make OC *rhgm a virtual certainty. MC niem c normally is expected to go back to something like OC *nems, *niams or *nims, depending on one's OC system. It is known that tan (*rh~m) is related to TB *C-rum and that Chinese regularly unrounds vowels before final labial consonants (ST *-um > OC, MC -gm); and that nian (*nfms) is related to WT snyam-pa. On the basis of MC alone, common ST forms like *C-rum (ST *-um > oe *-gm > MC -~m) and *nim (?) - *njam can be postulated. Any OC reconstruction which is significantly out of line with these givens must be suspect, no matter what the XS principle can be construed to imply. The claim of an OC medial *r in jib is probably based on tan. An m-prefix for nian is suggested by a meaningless preceding wu ~ *ma in one Shijing line. The oe form may well have been *mnfms, but for the sake of simplicity and to avoid arguments about elusive prefixes, we will be content with the minimal form oeM *nfms. When Xu Shen looked at these graphs and stated that -5J was "phonetic," he may have had just the rimes in mind, or he may have presumed that there ought to have been some earlier phonological connection, just as in the case of ~ LHan kam - E;: LHan Him of his language. Since we have touched on speculation, let me add my own in order to show that there can be alternative interpretations. It seems that the graph -5J was invented for the word han 2~ *g~m? 'jaw', it shows the downward-turned open mouth (cf. ming frJ 'to order', yue 1M 'pan pipe', ]fng 4? 'order', qian ~ 'glib-tongued', he i!i 'fit' = downward-turned open mouth covering the opening of a vessel like a lid; shf jt 'to eat' = open mouth hovering over a full bowl); a stroke 'root ' is mll 'tree' with a stroke pointing to points to one side, i.e., the jaw, just as ben its lower end. (In 'jaw', the elongated stroke may suggest the tongue, perhaps,) 'Jaw', like 'mouth' , is associated with words meaning 'hold in the mouth, hold back, resent'. 'Hold/keep in the mouth' is a widely encountered metaphor for internal psychological processes. Therefore, -5J is at least partially semantic in ~ 'to covet' and nian ~ 'to think of', which diminishes the likelihood of a purely phonetic role of 4'. Ruminations as in the preceding paragraph illustrate the above claim (see 9.2 . 1) that in unsystematic XS the principle is stood on its head. Here, these speculations have no bearing on the OCM forms, because the question we tried to address was: why did they write these oe words with this graphic element? This is the opposite of asking how similar the words that share this graphic element must have sounded . In contemplating the phonological rules and steps required for connecting Plin's forms with MC, OCM seems less complex and hence preferable.
*
*
trr:
9.2.8 jiang (3-52/729) SW 5729 states that injiang 1lI 'do carpentry work, carpenter' bothjfn IT 'axe' and fang It: 'box' are semantic. In spite of this, it has sometimes been proposed that fang was phonetic after all , and the word should hence be reconstructed oe *zbjal] or the like and related to WT byaI]-pa 'skilled, experienced'. However, a phonetic role of fang is not compelling in light of
c:
38
INTRODUCTION the semantic overlap of graph and word, hence OCM *dzaI]h. This is apparently confirmed by foreign connections: Jiang is indirectly connected with Khmer ca{11iJa IcaI]1 'to dress (wood, stone), rough out, trim .. .' (i.e., do carpentry work), while the WT word is probably cognate to fang 11 'method' fang 'imitate, conform'.
*
9.2.9 ji 'gf (26-3/124Ia) The word ji '§t MC kiei c 'calculation, accounting' is often reconstructed with an OC final labial, i.e., *-ps, because shf+ *gip 'ten' is suspected to be phonetic. Karlgren refrained from proposing an OC form because he graph for ji is not a rime word in poetry, the SW (1002) is silent on the question if is phonetic. Because shf'ten' can in a word for 'calculate' playa semantic role, the requirement for close phonological agreement according to the XS principle is weakened (see 9.2.1). A semantic role of 'ten' is, in fact, confirmed by an early variant of the graph written with qian T 'thousand' instead, so at least these writers made no phonologi*gip. Because a phonetic role of 'ten' *gip is not compelling, let us cal connection with reconsider what the simplest solution could be. MC kiei c can theoretically derive from many different OC syllables: from OCM *ke(k)h, *kfh, *ke(t)s « *ke[t]s or *keps), or from *kf(t)s « *kf[t]s or *kfps) - these would be in Baxter's system *ke(k)s, *ki(k)s, *kets « *kets or *keps), or *kits « *kits or *kips). Since open syllables are more common than closed ones, and final labials are particularly rare, the OC default form should be suspected to be either OCM *keh or *kfh. Now we should look for possible cognates for confirmation among words with an open syllable. Indeed, it turns out that ji is simply an ordinary tone C derivation from jrfr!! MC kiei, *kf 'to calculate', hence ji was OCM *kfh. If shf*gip played a phonetic role, it was only its initial and vowel.
+
+
10
CONCLUSION
It was my intention that with this Introduction's summaries and considerations of data, sources, premises and assumptions, the reader may perhaps follow arguments about OC in broad outline. I hope it may help the non-specialist evaluate OC reconstructions by distinguishing (relatively) widely accepted proposals from more probing hypotheses.
39
REFERENCES
This list of References is taken from the EDOC; it may include works that are not mentioned in GSC; however, additional works that have been cited are included. For a full bibliography on works on Old Chinese, see Baxter 1992.
Baxter, William H. 1977. Old Chinese Origins a/the Middle Chinese ch6ngniu Doublets: A Study Using Multiple Character Readings. PhD Diss. Cornell University. - - - . 1992. A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology. Berlin, New York. Baxter, William H., and Laurent Sagart. 1998. "Word formation in Old Chinese." In Packard 1998,35-76. Benedict, Paul K. 1972. Sino-Tibetan. A Conspectus. London. Beyer, Stephan V. 1992. The classical Tibetan language. Albany, New York. Bodman, Nicholas C. 1954. A Linguistic Study of the Shih Ming. Cambridge, Mass.: HarvardYen ching Inst. Studies XI. Bodman, Nicholas C. 1980. Chinese and Sino-Tibetan; evidence towards establishing the nature of their relationship. In Frans van Coetsem and Linda R. Waugh, eds., Contributions to historical linguistics, 34-199. Leiden. Boltz, William G. 1994. The origin and early development of the Chinese writing system. New Haven, Conn. Boodberg, Peter A. 1937. "Some proleptical remarks on the evolution of archaic Chinese." HIAS 2: 329-372. Branner, David Prager. 1995; 2000. Problems in Comparative Chinese Dialectology. The Classification of Miin and Hakka. Berlin, New York. Branner, David Prager, ed. 2006. The Chinese Rime Tables. Amsterdam. Chao Yuen Ren. 1941. Distinctions within Ancient Chinese. HIAS 5: 203-233. - - - . 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley, Cal. Chen Fuhmi ~*:![~, ed. 1999. GiJdili HiwyiJ cfdian il1~r~~~"l~. Beijing. Chen Zhangtai ~*jj[:t: and U Rulong *f,zDfl~. 1991. MfnyiJ yanjiu rMl~~ffn. Beijing. Coblin, W. South. 1978. "The initials of Xu Shen's language as reflected in the Shuowen duruo glosses." JCL 6.1: 27-75. ---.1979-1980. "The finals of Cheng Hsiian's language as reflected in phonological glosses." MS 34: 263-317. - - - . 1982. "Notes on the dialect of the Han Buddhist transcriptions". In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sinology. Taipei. ---.1983. A Handbook of Eastern Han Sound Glosses. Hong Kong. - - - . 1984. "The finals of Yang Xiong's language." JCL 11.2: I-52. ---.1987. "The rimes of Chang-an in middle Han times. Part II: The early Eastern Han period." AO 48: 89-110. - - - . 1991a. Studies in Old Northwest Chinese. JCL Monograph 4. - - - . 1991b. "Thoughts on dentilabialization in the Tang-time dialect of Shazhou." TP77: 88-107. - - - . 1993a. "BTD revisited: a reconsideration of the Han Buddhist Transcriptional Dialect." BIHP63.4: 867-943. - - - . 1993b. Beyond BTD: An excursion in Han phonology. Ms.
40
REFERENCES - - - . 1994a. "Remarks on some early Buddhist transcriptional data from Northwest China." MS42: 151-169. - - - . 1994b. A compendium of phonetics in Northwest Chinese. JCL Monograph 7. - - - . 1996. "Marginalia on two translations of the Qieyun preface." JCL 24.1: 85-97. - - - . 1999. "Thoughts on the identity of the Chinese 'Phags-pa dialect." In Simmons, ed. Issues in Chinese dialect description and classification. - - - . 2006. Francisco Varo s Glossary of the Mandarin Language. 2 vols. MS Monograph Series 53/1 +2. St. Augustin, Germany. ---.2007. A Handbook of 'Phags-pa Chinese. Honolulu. Coblin, W. South, and Joseph A. Levi. 2000. Francisco Varo's Grammar of the Mandarin languages (1703). Amsterdam/Philadelphia. Demieville, Paul. 1950. "Archai"smes de prononciation en chinois vulgaire." TP 40: 1-59. Drng Fubao Tmf¥. n. d. ShuDwen jiezl gulfn "ii)l::>]; ONW ka [D] Y -Tai shan ku::>i c1 , Kaiping kuai c1 ; K-Meix 55ke c ; PMin *kai c 'bamboo stalk ' > ' piece, item' [E] PTai *kai BI, Saek khal 4 « galA) > khan 4 class ifier > W~ hu yuo g::> < go gil ' dewlap' > 'beard ' what hu yuo go ga TB *ga 'what' M~ butterfly hu yuo go ga f"li§tiij hu yuo go ga fAjJ see 24-44A ; AA see 19-19
f'
'001rn!
a' -
WJ M
i ' k' j' I'm ' c'
~ ~~ iiJl~
5
hu
yuo
go
g il
[D] PMin *fio
hu yuo go gil dwell jii kjwo ki::> traa 3 'rice seedlings ' , KS *kla 3 id .
e f
1*
1-12
=
acd ef
K. 33
Mand.
Mand.
MC
LHan
MC
LHan
OCM
OCM
~~ ~~~ Jla ka B ka B kra7 [T) & Sin Sukchu SR kja ct); MGZY gya (..t) [kja); ONW kii [E) WT kar-skyin 'a loan' ~~ jiii ka ka kra
!I!f!1 9
~~§mlZ xi:i 8~ xia
ya ya ya C
ga ga ga C
gra gra grah
1-13
=
K. 34 ~
MC ka B
LHan ka B
OCM
hjk1-
a 1-14 a
d
1-15 a
=
r
xiii
Mand. jia
K. 35 Mand. down xia descend xia [f] Sin Sukchu SR yja [0] PMin *fia C rush xia Rehmannia hU
T
=K.36
Jl
II
cd 1236c ~
great summer
MC yaB ya C
LHan gaB ga C (..t* ); MGZY (Hya »
ya C yuo B
Mand.
MC yaB xia ya C xia xia, sha yaB
sha
~ac ,
ga C gaB LHan gaB
7ai c
rOl PMin *fia 'shrimp '
kra7 OCM gra7 [0] PMin *a B gra h Hya LUi;') [yja] ; ONW yii B
grah ga7
OCM gra7 (or fia7 ?) ga C grah [0] PMin *fia c gaB gra7 ~ac, 7as ? srah, ?as ? ' breaking voice'
48
oeM *-a
1-16 a b
(GSR 32-106)
K. 38
Mand. MC LHan OCM xift xa B ha B • merchant gu kuo B ka B kat [f] JIM Sin Sukchu SR kja (*); MGZY gya (*) [kja]. [E] WB d-kya C 'price'. Tai: Saek khaa 5 < gaa B 'value, price' ~ khaa 6 < khaa B 'engage in trade' -> P-Miao *NqaC If price jia ka c ka c krah [D] PMin *kac 11 price jia ka c ka c krah [E] WB d-kya C ' price' B B jift ka ka kra?
=
fffi
c d
11
1-17
=
ae
f)'$
h
m'§~
K. 55
Mand. Me hii yuo [f] Sin Sukchu SR yu (lj!.); MGZY OS! hii xuo(C)
LHan OCM fio fiii Xu (3fT.) [yu]; ONW yo ha(C) ha,hah
o~
ha
hii
xuo
ha
K. 57,78,85 Mand.
1-18
=
57bf
rJfJJJt
MC LHan OCM xuo B haB hla? OCB (post 1992) *hl1l? aQ7ta~ (harpax) [D] PMin *khoB [E] AA *kala? 't iger ' > MK *kla? >
hu
78b
[f] MHan IlEAAt OKhm *klaa ~ dwell chu tshjwo B tsha B k-hla? ~ l-1I49c' place chu tshjwo C tsha C k-hlah [f] chil Sin Sukchu SR t~'y (*); MGZY chyu (*) [t~'y]; ONW tsh~ < tsho [E] WT gda'-ba 'to be there', Mikir kedo 'to dwell'; TGTM *gla: A/ B 'place' ~ mound qii khjwo khio kha empty xii xjwo hia ha J!!1[ [f] Sin Sukchu SR xy (~); MGZY hyu (lj!.) [xyJ; MTang hy, ONW h~ < hio ? ~ ruins qii khjwo khia kha
78c 78d 78eg
market xii xjwo ~ [D] Y-Guangzh 55hceyAl, Taish ~ xii xjwo ~ xii xjwo(C) ~g ju gjwo B
1-19
=
ace
E
85a
78a
f
a
jkno pqr gh-
hia 21hui 'seasonal market' hio ha hia(C) ha, hah giaB gat
K. 95 1 >~.E~
Mand. MC LHan OCM ju kju B kya B kwa? 'carpenter's square' 9;E ju [fl Sin Sukchu SR ky Lt.); MGZY gyu 'char-ba, sar < *s-yar 'ro rise ' (of sun, moon) ~ zhu tjwo ~io tra h ffJ Sin Sukchu SR t~y ( ~ ); MGZY jyu (~) [t~yJ [DJ W -Kaihua to Al (Chen Zh6ngmIn ms.I); W-Wenzhou tsei Al « tsi), G-Linchuan teAl, M-Xiamen tiAl.
k'
mi
zhu chu
9 n'
W
0'
m
p'
i~
e'
~
h'
yb'
:f:iiljJ:g
1fcf~
~hioB, taB ~ioB
tjak ~iok trak tuo to tii Talas; ~* ta-mit (*ta-mrit) Tarmita, Termes tuo, to, tii, dzja za zuit-za Skt. vidhya, Pali vijja du tuo B tii? taB
zhuo du ffJ MHan j!i~jfJa ta-Ias ~ do ffJ BTD
tjwo ~hjwoB, tuo B ~wOB
~io
tra thra? , tii? zhu tra? = 1-39/84g l!T ~ B zhu ~jwoC ~ioC drah [DJ PMin *dyC ~ place n. zhu tjwo C ~ioC tra kh [EJ WT sta-gon 'preparation' 3f stad-pa 'to put on, lay on ' , Tsangla tha 'to put, place' , Kanauri ta 'place, set, appoint', Kachin da 'put, place' , LB *ta 2 , WB tha B < ?ta 2 'put, place', Lushai da?L 'to put , place, set, put aside' ~ to place zhuo tjak ~iok trak ffJ ONW tak drak ~ attach zhuo ~jak ~iok ffJ MTang ~ak, ONW dak ~ particle zhe tjak, ~jak ffJ Sin Sukchu SR t ~jaw , d~aw (}\.), LR t~jaw?; MGZY jew, cew CA) [t~£w - d~£wl . A Mand. progressive suffix advance... chu ~jwo ~io dra jump over chuo ~hjak thiok thrak = 2-21/1 258b t~
53
oeM *-a
!J1l3'~ ~ ~m
e
tuoB du tuoB du tu duo [T] MHan bu-da Buddha xu zjwo B • shu sjwo [T] Sin Sukchu SR ?y ('¥); MGZY ~ shu sjwo B ~ she sja
c'd' i 'j' s
X
F¥-m
#fa
1-39
=
a
T
K. 84
cdf -e
1T~Trr ?~ry
*7
Mand. zhu, chu
~ry
1-40 b
=
K. 1242b t~
Mand. chu
1-41 a
= K.
Mand. chu
1-42 a
=K. 82
f
9 m
c' x
taB taB
til?
da
dil
86
;j:f
MC
[T] ONW to [E] TB *ta 'to see' [E] S. t h aa C2 < *d- 'challenge'
zia B = 1-43/83h ff;; 1-42/820 s-Ia? sa Iha shyu ('¥) [?y] [D] PMin *tsy - sy sa B Iha? sa Iha LHan Lahu phil? 'unfasten, dismantle' 3!: pil? 'collapse, come undone'; Akha pa HS 'break, split. ~, a river b6 pak pok pak great pu phuoB phOB ph a? ~ b6 buoB boB ba? 11 trellis, thin b6 bak bok bak [E] TB *ba 'thin' [T] Sin Sukchu SR baw (A), LR baw?; MGZY paw (A) [bawl; ONW bak [D] PMin *!?ok 11 a sound po phak phok phiik b6 bak bak bak ~ Also PMonic *c(J)-m-:Jk 'a hoe, spade', in Yue dial. like Taishan p:J1)35fAI ilt!]: fu bjwak buok bak [T] MTang bvuak, ONW buak < bak [D] PMin *buk > Amoy bak D2 , Fuzh pUO?D2, Jiany pOD2 'to tie'. [E] MK-Khmer pa'ka fpak/ 'to enlace, embroider' 3!: fbamnak/ 'to be enlacing, stitching together'; Mon fp~k/, Semai frok/, Temiar frogf 'to bind'
~ y'
tW
•
brUt
=K. 39
Mand. MC
LUan
1:}
OCM
bi} pa pa pra [T] Sin Sukchu SR pa (0/); MGZY: suppl. ba (:if) [paJ); ONW pii ES bamboo bi} ba B, pa ba B, pa WT spa ~ sba 'cane' ES fence bi} pa TB: *rpa 'fence'
61
oeM *-a
@ c d b
-e
ba
pa
m:g~ (GSR 32-lO6) pa
WT 'bar 'uneven, rough'
ES
ba pa pa pnl ~~ ba pa pa pra MK-Wa-L.-B. *bras 'wild boar' f~ bli paB paB pra? [T] Sin S. SR pa (1:.); MGZY: supp\. ba thhiy) (A) [t'gj]
~
= K. 806
"FO'F
§f !j@'
Mand. zha zha ze
MC dza c
LHan dza c
t~aC
t~aC
t~Bk
t~ak
71
OCM dzrakh tsrakh tsrak
[E] Khmer Icraakl 'insert'
2 p
m rv s
hij 2-32 a
oeM *-ak ~'~G (OSR 766-807)
ff oak
zuo, tsilk, tsak, tsilk, dzilk dzilk zuo dzak ff clear away ze t~Bk t~ak tsrilk 1'1" zuo tsilk tsak tsilk [f] Sin SR tsaw (/\), tS::l ($;), tsu, PR tS::l, LR tsaw?; MGZY dzaw (/\)[tsaw], dzu ($;) [tsu] zuo tsilk tsak tsilk v zuo dzilk dzak dzilk B'F zuo dzilk dzak dzilk [f] Sin Sukchu SR dzaw (/\), LR dzaw?; MGZY tsaw (/\) [dzaw] ff zuo dzilk dzak dzilk = 2-32/798t ~ ~'F eat zuo dzilk dzak dzilk [E] ST *dza c c ~'F W'F zuo dzuo dza dzilkh
tt
'l"F
t'F
=
K. 798
1f
Mand. Xl
Me sjak
LHan siak
oeM sak or sjak ?
i!f [f] Sin Sukchu SR si (/\); MGZY si (/\) [silo -
[9 u
v
k
In y
ia' b' pq s
o
z
The OB graph shows a sun under water, i.e., the notion of 'yesterday' (Pankenier Ee 7, 1981-82: 19) 'I'i m§' Xl sjak siak sak or sjak ? ii jie tsjak, tsiak, [f] ONW tsiek Xiam. tsio?Dl tsiak, tsak, [D] PMin *tsi::lk jie tsja C tsia c tsakh ii o'l§' jie tsja C tsia c tsakh walk rev. tsjak tsiak ji tsak or tsjak ? trample ji dzjak dziak dzak or dzjak ? tshak reverent qi, que tshjak, tshjak tshiak tshjak tshiak tshak que jlln,~ tshjwo C tshia c ~ maggot qu tshakh c sacrifice zha dza d~ac dzrilkh ji dzjak dziak dzak or dzjak ? m~ a field ji dzjak dziak dzak C c a mat jie dzja dzia dzakh t=!±'j± rsJ§. cuo tshilk tshak [f] ONW tshak tshilk ~ mistake cuo tshilk tshak [f] Sin Sukchu SR ts'aw (/\), LR ts'aw?; MGZY tshaw (/\) [ts'aw]; ONW tshak ~: zuo dzilk dzak dzilk =2-31/806t JIiF WT zhuo t~jak t~ak tsrak fff ze d~ek d~ek dzrek cuo tshuo C tshah tshilkh ce t~hBk t~hak tshrilk
lEi lEi lEi
5M
c'
m m
2-33
= K. 770
a
%' twist rope
X
Mand. Me LHan oeM suo silk sak silk [f] Sin Sukchu SR saw (/\), PR, LR saw?; MGZY saw (/\) [saw]; ONW sak [E] MK-PVM *.fa:k 'rope' PMonic *.fook 'creeper, vine, rope' Tai: S. (':hi"ak D2L < PTai J'rope', Saek saak D2 < z- 'vines, rope' fear suo silk sak sl]ilk WT sl)al)-ba 'be afraid'
%'
72
2
%" select 2-34 a
b c d
se
oeM ~Bk
*-ak
~,:gG (GSR 766-807) ~ak
srak
= K. 769
oeM Mand. LHan Me sl]rak ?, srok ? sak shuo ~ak ?, ~Jk ? ~A The left element 'go against' is partly semantic. This series prob. belongs to 2-14. [T] Sin Sukchu SR ~aw (A), PR ~waw?; MGZY shwaw (A) [~waw] saC suo c sl]akh su r~ c sac ~q1j3 suo sl]akh = 2-14/792h iJrm su sac suo c sl]akh su ~
2-35 ae f h
= K.
~~ ~ ~i
xi xie
2-36 a
= K.
799
773
~
Xle.
Me sjak sja B sja B
LHan siak sia B sia B
oeM sak sa? sa?
Mand. b6
Me bak
LHan bak
oeM bak
Mand.
., f
[T] ONW sia
2-37 = K. 781 Mand. Me LHan oeM a Ef blii pBk pak prak [E] ST *(p)ria: TB *r-ya [T] Sin Sukchu SR P;)j (A), LR P;}j?; MGZY bay (A) [paj]; ONW pek fg ~Brn rna rnBk rnak rnrak =2-1h 2-38 a
f
= K. 782
Mand. Me LHan oeM bai bBk bak brak [T] Sin Sukchu SR bdj (A); LR b;}j?; MGZY pay ( A ) [haj]; ONW bek ~ b6 bBk bak brak b6 pBk pak prak [E] TB-Kukish prak 'eldest br.'
B
is j k rn
o
pq r s
ts
pak prak blii, b6 pBk prak pak po pBk pai ! phBk phrak pak shoulder b6 pak [E] TB *p(r)ak, *r-pak 'shoulder' ~ po phBk phrak = 2-39/772b III [T] MHan iJEil* ugJt(i; (harpax) 'l's quiet po phBk phrak C fear pi! pha [T] Sin Sukchu SR p'a (*); MGZY pha (*) [p'a]; Sui-Tang pac *S~B po phak phok phak 1S b6 bak bak bilk ~ bi pjBk piak prak (not Me pjak: Baxter 1977:192)
ill ill beat
2-39 = K. 772 a 1l hegemon b lead
a
Mand. po po bi!
Me phak phBk pac
LHan phok phak pac
73
oeM phak phrak prakh
'hide soaked in rain'
2 2-40 = K. 802
The phonetic is perhaps 3-641709 Mand.
ad
oeM *-ak ~{f~ (GSR 766-807)
Me
LHan
oeM
W
~) > mll muo c mac makh evening [T] MHan ~!f~ mah-ja Skt maya ~2 nobody mo mak mak mak [T] Sin Sukchu SR maw (A), LR maw?; MGZY maw (A) [maw]; ONW mok ~3U~ silent mo mnk mak mrak
ar npq ~~~ mo mak mak mak o. mll mak mak mak ~ mo mak mak mak k ~ membrane mo mak mak mak kneel mo muo rna rna e:;; mll muo c mac makh f ~ mll muo c mac makh [T] Sin Sukchu SR mu (*); MGZY mu (*) [mu]; ONW rna [D] PMin *mhuaC h ~ mll muo C mac mah ! ~ 4-65 it gj 9li'l mo muo rna rna I ~ mo muo rna rna? ! [T] ONW mo m (~F.Z) ~~ xia-ma ya-ma ga-ma gra-mra or ga-ma? s. mi miek mek mek
74
3
oeM
rime *-aIJ
Yang btl ~{f~
GSR 697 -765 Baxter 1992: 489 ff. (§10.2.6)
See Table 1-1 for oeM rimes *-al), *-ak, *-a in QYS categories. Some oe finals in *-al) have converged with ones in *-el) (Rime 9) in QYS Div. III -jUI), see Table 2-1. For the QYS syllables with this final, which pattern like ch6ngniii Div. 3/3 syllables, Baxter reconstructs an oe medial *r.
K. 698
3-1
=
a
1C I
abc
1C z :rAin
k~mg
IlW to store
k~mg
d hi egf
Mand. gang [E] MY *kla:IJA 'neck'
OCM kal) < klal) ? khal)h
'to oppose'
khal)?/h khral)
~
mlJ~Han:
[T] ONW YOIJ
'l':t
iA = K. 697
be f
Jlil1U*Jlil1
m
h
jijJ
3-3
= K. 710
f53j
hang hang
yal) yal)B
gUI) gUI)B
gal) gal)?
Mand. gang
MC kal)
LUan kUI)
OCM kal)
3-121746m tm
TB *kaIJ 'mountain, spur'
gang kal) kUI) kal) gang kal) kUI) kal) < klal) [T] Sin Sukchu SR kaIJ (-0/); MGZY gang (-0/) [kaIJ] [E] TB: WT glaIJ 'ox' gang kal)(C) kUI)(C) kal)(h) [E] Lushai khaIJF 'solidified'
Mand. MC LUan J-m Jiang kjal) kiul) boundary jiang kjal) kiul) [D] Min Xiamen col. kiu A2 , lit. kioIJA2 hard jiang gjal)B giUI)B jiang, kjal), kiul), qiang gjal) giul) ~I fierce jiang kjal) kiul) ~ strong qiang gjal) giul) ~ effort qiang ! gjal)B giUI)B
OCM kal) kal)
j(
kal) or kjal) ?
EEI+Ea
ab h
YI
c
YI 1:1
d
LUan kUI)
khal)C khul)C khal)C khul)C [E] Tai: S. khaIJAI < *khl_ 'to hold water, confine' khal)B/C khul)B/C kang khUI) khal) ;!:J@t keng
3-2 a
e
MC kal)
EEl
Jiang
kjal)
kiul)
gal) kal) gal) gal)?
=3-41713a~:§1
[D] PMin *ki:JIJ [E] TB- SChin-Areng kachiIJ; WB khyaIJB 'ginger'. AA: PVM *s-g;):IJ
'ginger'; PTai *XiIJAl: S. khiIJ2, KS siIJ 'ginger'
75
3 3-4
oeM *-al)
~'€fG (OSR 697-765)
K. 713 ~~ strong
cd
Mand. Me LHan oeM qlang gjal) giol) gal) = 3-31710e ~ [T] Sin Sukchu SR gjal) (-'Jl); MGZY (kyang » kyang ('JZ) [gjal)]; MTang gial) < gal), ONW gal); BTD Skt. kan[giya] [D] Min Xiam col. kiu A2 , lit. kiol)A2 ~~ effort qiang ! gjal)B giOl)B gal)? f.@:f5S qiang ! kjal)B kiol)B kal)?
3-5
=
a
a
=
K. 711
LHan Mand. oeM Me kal) or kjal) ? bOl) jiling kjal) ~ [T] MTang kial] < kal], ONW kal] - ~5'f:; the element $: *jal] 'sheep' in the graphs may be phonetic, but could also be semantic (names referring to nomads),
3-6
= K.
ae
5'e!l!1G
Mand. qiling
3-7
= K. 752
Mand.
::rr.
"
a b
c
d
712
Me LHan oeM kjUl)B kial)B kral)? kjul)c kial)c kral)h end jing kjUl)B kial)B kral)? jing kjul)c kial)c kral)h jing ~ [T] Sin S, SR kil] (*); MGZY ging (*) [kil]]; ONW kel] [D] PMin *kial)c > Amoy kia c1 , Fuzh kialfl gjal)B giol)B gal)? jiang ~l
% boundary JIng
m
a
= K. 753 ~
3-9
= K. 754
3-8
a
Mand. Me khjUl)C qing [E] ? WT g-yal] 'blessing'
:tt:!:t.
;m,
=
K. 755
3-11
=
K. 745
a
I! change
3-10 a
oeM khal) or khjal) ?
Mand. jing
Me gjUl)c
LHan khial)C
oeM khral)(h)
LHan gial)c
oeM gral)h
[T] ONW kel)
Mand. Me LHan oeM jfng kjUl) kial) kral) [T] ONW kel] [E] Khmer Ikral)l 'steep knoll, bluff or crag overlooking a plain' jing kjUI]B kiaI]B kraI]? [T] ONW keI) jiong kjwUl)B kyal)B kwral)? ? gfng gjul) gial) gral) jfng gjUl) gial) gral) liang ljal) lioI] ral) [EJ WT gralJ-ba 'be cold' liang ljal)c liol)c raI]h OCB *C-rjal)s lue, ljak, liok, rak, liang ljal)c liol)c raI]h [DJ Min: Amoy ll]c 'to beat' [E] Lushai r::>kL 'to plunder'
d
h eg f ijrn
k
I!
Mand. Me LHan oeM geng kul) kal) kral) [T] Sin S, SR bjl) (0/), PR k~1] - kil], LR kil]; MGZY gying (Sf) [kjil]]; ONW kel) still more geng kUl)C kal)C kral)h
76
3
cd
DJ!ffi£
e
i'J!
f
geng
kBI)B
~~~ (GSR 697-765) kal)B
geng kBI)B kal)B [E] Lepcha kraI) 'be strong on legs' , Lusha i ~ a I)H / strength' . ~ geng kBl)B kal)B See also 23-25/221 .
~
'*
kral)? ~anL
kral)? < t.anh « traI)s) 'put forth all one's kral)?
'well rope'
ying 1)E:l)c fT] Sin Sukchu SR I)iI) ($:); MGZY ying ($:) [jiI)]
3-12 = K. 746, 700 746a ~ geng JJt geng g h kang k
oeM *-al)
Me
LHan
oeM
kBI)
kal)
kral)
kBI)(C)
kal)(C)
kral), kral)h
khal) khol) khal) = khlal) [E] Lushai tlaI)R / tlan L adv. 'peaceably, quietly, calmly', vb. 'be good, kindly, peaceably'
m
empty
kang
khal)
khol)
khal)
no
ff*:f
khol)
khal) = khlal)
m
11
khol)B
khal)?
700a ~ cde
kang khal) [E] WT: 19a1) 'shell, husk ' kang ! khal)B
±m;fj~
l:Ji
tang dal) [E] PYao *glaal)2 'pond '
dOl)
lal)
= g-Ial)
3-13 = K. 747
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
R
geng
kEI)
kal)
kral)
3-14 = K. 748
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
a
a
iT road
e
iT iT a row iT strong ff
f
xing gral) YEI) gal) fT] Sin Sukchu SR ViI) ( f ); MGZY Hying (.¥) [yjil)]; ONW yel] [D] M-Xiam kiii A2 [E] Khmer /r':J':Jl)/ 'way, line, row or bed, gutter' gal)C YEI)C gral)h go round xing
1ff lid
fetters
9 h
lfj ftr crosswise
hang
yal)
gOI)
gal)
hang
yal)(C)
gOI)(C)
gal), gal)h
xing heng
YEI)B
gal)B
gral)?
YEI) yal)
gal)
gral)
gal)
gal)
YEI) yWEI)
gal)
grill)
hang heng hong
yual)
gwral) crosspiece heng gal) gral) YEI) fT] Sin Sukchu SR yil) (3f!.), SR yujl) ( 3f!.), PR yUI); MGZY Hying heng gal) YEl) grill)
iT
3-15 = K. 749 a
* 3-1 /698d
tang dal) dOl) g-Ial) [T] Sin S. SR dal) (~); MGZY tang (~) [daI)]; ONW dOI)
fr
Mand.
Me
xing
YUI)B
LHan gal)B
oeM gral)?
3-16 = K. 714
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
a
E3
l::::.
xiang
xjal)
hiol)
hal)
1m
Ilmm
xiang
xjal]
hiol]
hal]
77
=
3-2317071
(~)
tffi
[yjil)); ONW yuel).
3 c
~~~ village towards to feast
OCM *-al)
xiang
xjal) xjal)c xHing xjal)B xiang xjal)c n. xiang xjal)B ~ xiang xjal)B [T] Sin Sukchu SR xjal) I)B > Fuzhou OUI)BI , Amoy I)BI; Jilln'ou, Jianyang iOI)BI « *7ioI)B)
3-22 = K. 706 a JIC f
Mand.
oeM *-aI]
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
kW3I] kW31) guang kuoI] [T] Sin Sukchu SR kwaI) (Sf); MGZY gwang (:if) [kwal)]; ONW kuoI) kW31) kW31) kuoI] guang ~ 1t.:)6 khuol)C khw3I]C khw31)h kUllflg kW3I], kuol), kW3I], guang, fJ'C kWBI) kual) kwr31) gong guang kWBI) kual) kwr31) [T] ONW kuel) [E] MY *kDI)A 'horn'. MY I)J; ONW yuoI)
kuoI]C kW31)h guang kWBI) kual) kwr31) ~I kW31)B kUOI)B JJi wide guang kW31)? [T] Sin Sukchu SR kwal) U:.); MGZY gwang ct) [kwaI)]; ONW kuol) kW31)C kuol)c kW31)h JJi cohort gUllflg kWBI)B kual)B guang kwr31)? khw31)C khuol)c kuang khw31)h iJ(!fit.tl khW31)BjC, khuol)BjC, ~I/Ji khw31)?jh, kuang khol)B k h31)B kh3I]? kUQ khwak khuok khW3k tll
3-24 = K. 708 ag
Me
ywal) huang [T] Sin Sukchu SR ywaI) (:if); MGZY [E] WB wal)B 'brightly yellow' huang YW31) huang YW31) crossw. h6ng,heng YWBI) =3-14748h jij [T] ONW yuel) kW3I]C fully gUllflg
= 3-2317071 ~f~
Me
LHan
~1j
oeM
huang YW31) YUOI) W31) 1i [T] ONW yUOI). MHan ~.JI}i tU;:ln-yu01) Sogd. *oruwan, 0p6avcx (Dunhuang) {¥{¥1~1i huang YW31) YUOI) W31) 's 178';:6 Ii31 ~ IJ::EJ'I:£J.'E\ huang YW31) yuoI] W31) ~ huang YW31) yuoI] W31) ~l huang, YW3I] , yuol), W31) hong YWBI) yual) [N] MC Div. II vocalism because the syllable is onomatopoetic, cf. EDOC §7.2.2. huang, yWBI), yual), W31), hong XWBI) hual) hW31) [N] MC Div. II vocalism because the syllable is onomatopoetic, cf. EDOC §7.2.2.
79
3 K. 763
oeM *-aIJ
~.g~ (GSR 697-765)
3-25
=
Mand.
oeM
a
PJj
jiang
kwraIJ?
3-26
= K. 739
Mand.
a
£
ki
11
m vu-
Me
LHan
oeM
king wang jwaIJ wUIJ waIJ [Tl Sin Sukchu SR wal) e]7.); MGZY xwang (-']7.) [fiwal)J; ONW ual) £ govern wang jwaIJc wUIJc waIJh i wang jwaIJB WUIJB waIJ? [Tl Sin S. SR wal) (1:.); MGZY xwang (1:.) [fiwal)J; ONW ual) [El TB *wal) 'to come' Blatt wang jwaIJc wUIJC waIJh ~ to go wang jwaIJc wUIJc waIJh frighten wang jwaIJB wUIJB waIJ? ~ deceive guang, kjwaIJB, kyuIJB, kwaIJ?, kuang gjwaIJB gYUIJB gwaIJ? OC kuang khjwaIJ khyuIJ khwaIJ [El WB kwal)B 'bend, curved' ~tl! kuang khjwaIJ khyuIJ khwaIJ §1!1I! kuang ! khjwaIJ khyuIJ khwaIJ H kuang gjwaIJ gyuIJ gwaIJ ~ft kuang ! kjwaIJc kyuIJc kwaIJh guang gjwaIJB gYUIJB gwaIJ? wang ?jwaIJB ?YUIJB ?waIJ? wang ?waIJ ?uuIJ ?waIJ
o x y q rt
1H 11 1J:tl!
3-27
=
K. 764
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
gi j
yang jWBIJB waIJB wraIJ? OCB *wrjal)? 7k [Tl Sin Sukchu SR jujl) (1:.), PR, LR JUI); MGZY xyung (1:.) [fijul)J; ONW uel) ~g* yang jWBIJC waIJc wraIJh 17k yang jWBIJC waIJc wraIJh
3-28
=
a
52,
a
K. 765
f g
h
3-29
a
Mand.
Me
LHan
xIOng XjwBIJ hyaIJ hwraIJ [Tl Sin Sukchu SR xjujl), xjul) (3:jI), LR xjul); MGZY (Hying » hying (-']7.) [xjil)l huang xjwal]B hyUI]B hwaIJ? 'confused', also xwal)B/hwQI)B kuang ! xjwaIJc hyuIJc hwaIJh [Tl Sin Sukchu SR xwal) (*), PR xyal); MGZY (Hwyang » hwyang (*) [xyal)] kuang ! xjwaIJc hyuIJc hwaIJh huang xjwaIJc hyuIJc hwaIJh
= K. 699
Mand.
Me
LHan
.en high
m
1rp
oeM
ang IJaIJ IJuIJ IJaIJ yang !]jaIJB IJiuIJB IJaIJ? ang IJaIJ IJuIJ IJaIJ look up yang !]jaIJB I]-iUIJB IJaIJ? [Tl Sin S. SR I)al) (1:.), PR jal), I)jal), LR jal); MGZY (ngyang » ngyang (1:.) [I)jal)l; ONW I)al) [Dl PMin *;)I)c > Amoy I)Cl, Fuzh aUI)Cl; G-Ruijin T).iQI)C T).iu A2 frn4 'to tend livestock' look up
b c
oeM
80
3 d
illI meet
yfng
oeM *-al) IJ.iBI)
~:g:G (GSR 697-765) I)ial)
I)ral)
[TJ ONW I)el) [D] PMin *I)ial) > Jiany l)ia1)AI; Xiam col. l)ia A2 1 gia, lit. geI)A2 1 gil) 'to
receive ceremoniously' [E] ST *I)ral): TB *I)ral) > WB I)ral)B 'contradict, deny'
illI receive
ying
IJ.iBI)C
l)ial)C
I)ral)h
3-30 = K. 701
Mand.
;fi
dang
Me dal)c
LHan dOl)c
oeM
a
3-31
=
K. 723
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
aef
~~1f ~.!f!/
zhang
tsjal)
tSOI)
tal)
hj
~w
zhang
[If
zhang
tsol) tSOI)(C)
tal)
k
tsjal) tsjal)(C)
g
5'
tsjal)
tsol) ,
tal) or
kiol)
kjal) ?
Xiam .
3-32 = K. 725
zhang, kiU AI
dal)h
tal), tal)h
Since TB cognates to words in this series have root initial *j-, some OC
forms may also have had a *j in the initial. Mand.
a
Me
LHan
shang zjal)c dzol)c [TJ Sin Sukchu SR zjal) MGZY zhang [E] ST *jal): WT yal) 'again, still, once more '
~
f
*2 J*
9
:t*
a
k
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
qiu
gj;:)u
gu Xiam ku C2 , Fu'an kou C2 [E] TB *kuw 'uncle ' jiu gj;:)u c gu C gw;:){lh R! [f] MTang geu < giu, ONW gu [D] PMin *giu C jiu gj;:)u c gu C
K. 995
X
= \3-8/1 064ef!R~
Mand.
Me LHan oeM j;:)u c wu C < wu;:)c w;:)h OCB *wj;}(k)s ti [f] Sin Sukchu SR iw U~ ); MOZY ngiw ($:) [I)iw] j;:)u B wu B < WU;:)B w;:){ [f] ONW u B C you j;:)u , j;:)u wuB/c < wu;:)B/c w;:){, w;:)h OCB *wj;}7(s) [f] Sin S. SR iw ($:); MOZY ngiw ($:) [I)iw]; MTang eu < u, ONW u you
you Original graph for you
{tift
95
~~
4
oeM *-;;) zff~ (GSR 936-1001)
j~UB/C wu B/ C < WU;;)B/C w~?/h n 9; hlii x~iB h;;)B hw~? ? o ~ you j~uB wu B < WU;;)B W;;)? OCB *wj~? [T] Sin Sukchu SR iw U:); MGZY ngiw U:) [l]iwJ; MTang eu < u, ONW u; Han BTD *wu [0] PMin *u B - iuB: Xiamen UC2 , Fuzhou ou C2 qr {fj'W you j;;)U C wu c < WU;;)c w;;)h c C , < u!ll you j;;)U wu WU;;)c, w~kh, OCB *wj~(k)s juk wuk < wu~k w;;)k wi B < wi~B wr;;)? xy hw~B hm~? ! (Baxter 1992: 352) z a' ?uk < ?w~k ?w~k
m.M
you
4-18 = K. 996 adef :1t~AJJEij:t you
j~u
LHan wu < wu~
oeM W;;)
LHan wu < WU;;)
oeM
[T] ONW iu [E] WT yus 'blame'
4-19 = K. 997 a ~ 4-19A
§EI EI
tk.
b
4-22A
LHan
SW 1042
oeM
LHan oeM >hiB h~? [T] Sin Sukchu SR xi (.1::); MGZY hi (.1::) [xi]; MTang hi, ONW hi;;) Djgjfrl XI xji h~ hi;;) XI xji h~ tsh;;)c tshi C chi k-hj~? =4-34/960k Ii~
Mand.
Xl
Me xji B
hi~B
hi~
8g*g. *ft*
4-22 = K. 958 a
Me
w~h
hUI xw"u hu;;) hw~ [T] Sin Sukchu SR xuj (3f); MGZY hue (: tsi B tSg B
k
:tK
zhr !
~hiB
thjgB
thrgj'
1
~ see 4-29 ~ sl ~ shf
zi c
zjgC
s-lgh ?
OCB *sdj;;)s ?
lhg ?
OCB *stj;,
m d'
=
e'
s4 Sg [E] ? TB : Lushai hlaa R ' song, poem, poetry' ~ shf s4 Sg
Z
B~I this
tgj'
lh;;) ?
x
shf ii db d;;) OCB *dj;,(?) [E] WT da ' there' iff2§ time shf ii di;;) dgj' (tone!) rrJ Sin Sukchu SR ~i (3jL) , PR, LR ~l; MGZY zhi (3jL ) [~i] ; MTang zi < dzi, ONW db JH!t shf Zi db d;;) OCB *dj;, dgj' OCB *dj;,? '[':if shi ii B db B f=!j: shi :li c db c dgh
v
~~
p
t:if
qrst
ilJ~I*fB~ zhi ~~ zhi
zb'
j' y
U
[f] MTang zi < dzi , ONW db zhr tsi B chf
c;lji
tSg B
tgj'
c;lig
dr;;)
[f] BTD .ttllit~ piqo-~li;} SkI. va i ra~ic;ljiB c;ljgB nh~c (only in certain expressions) r;)k Ii Ij;)k lik OCB *C-rj~k
11
Mand.
Ii
{:7J
try
5-22 944a
*
= K. 944, 932 Mand.
OCM
> ~wheat mai
mr~k
MC LHan mek mek [E] ? TB: LB *g-ra 2 'buckwheat' , WT bra-bo 'buckwheat'
110
OCB
* mr~k
5
oeM
*-ak ~.g~ (GSR 903-935)
~ > 31 Lushai nui H / nui?L, Bodo, Dimasa mini, JP miPlni 33 'to laugh'
f
{)l
nf I)lel [E] WB I)ai 'small, little, inferior'
ijl
')G)t~~5C
nf
0
1ft
nf
I)e
I)e
I)iei
I)e
I)e
I)iei,
I)e,
I)e
mlel, mjie me, mie This is the reading of the syn. mI 7-31/360e
me, me
mn
'f[~
nf, ye
tQ
nl
I)iei, I)iet I)iei B / C
I)e, I)et I)e B / C
I)e, I)et
g
~~ ~.~
ni
I)iei B/ C
I)e B / C
I)e?/h
yi
I)iek
I)ek
I)ek
xi
xiek
xek
hI)ek
h
p q
r;
[T] ONW I)ei
I)fUh
= 8-5/849f
7-12 = K. 877 a
*
e
f gh
fri1
Mand. MC LHan OCM teC di tiei c teh [T] Sin Sukchu SR ti C*), PR, LR ti; MGZY di (~) [til; ONW tei. OCB *teks; but the Shijing rimes do not compel the assumption of OCM *tekh. [E] WT the 'celestial gods', JP ma 31 -taP3 'sky god' t(h)e C, t(h)iei C, di, ti, teh, theh, chi
~hjiiiC
~hies
di tf
tiei c
teC
teh
de de(C)
de de(h)
di
diei diei(C) diei c
dec
deh
chi
sje C
sec
Ihekh
go to etc. shi
sjiik
sek
Ihek
[T] ONW sek.
go to
Zhl
tsjiik
tsek
tek
only 'go to'
zhi
WT rje-ba « *N-rje ?) 'to barter ', JP ma 31_ri 33 'to buy' mai matC me c mreh [T] ONW mei
Mand. LHan Me oeM mle mjia B 4 'to squint, glance (sideways)' This is a unique syllable [GY]. [0] Canton met , Hakka mak, Ningpo mi c [E] Area etymon *Cmit or *Cmet 'wink / signal with eyes or finger'
128
8
Xfbu ~ {§~
oeM rime *-ek
GSR 844 - 860 Baxter 1992: 494 ff. (§ 10.2.8)
In the OC rimes *-ak, *-ek, *-ok and *-auk, syllables with Me retroflex initials, especially of the expected Me type Manchati sri I) 'to live, alive '
W qs
=9-25/8l2m ' ffl
dzel]?
xIng
sjal]B
siel]B
sheng
~jaI]B, ~jel]B ~el)B
srel]
OCB *srjel)
srel]? sel]? srel]?
~1 '11
xing sjiil)C siel]C sel]h [Tl Sin Sukchu SR sil) (:*); MGZY sing (:*) [sil)]; ONW siel) jl~ xing , sheng! sjal]c siel]c sel]h ' weasel' [Tl WT *sre(l) > sre-mol) , sre-mo ' weasel', Lepcha sa-myol) 'marmot', M ikir il)ren < *m-ren 'mongoose', WB hrafi c 'squirrel' I star xIng siel] sel], S tshel] sel) [T] MTang siel) < sil), ONW sel) [D] Y -Guangzh 55 S£I)AI, Taish 33knAI , Enping 35 s ial)AI; PMin *tshal) - *sel): Xi am col. tshjAI - san AI , lit. Sil)AI £ 21lW qfng dzjiil) dziel) dzel) 'clearing sky' OCB *fitshjel) to bark xIng siel) sel) sel) [E] KN-Liangmei thaI), Zemei Ike- 5 t hal) 'to bark'
£
Ji
1i a'
b'
monkey sheng ~el] ~el) srel] ~i xIng siel](C) sel)(C) sel)(h) [Tl MTang siel) < sil), ONW sel) [El TB: lP Sil)33 'smell; scent ; odor of fresh, raw food', Chepang S;)YI)- 'emit smell, odor, be rotten' , Lepcha mUI)-sil), Rawang puse:1) 'stench' xing siel](B/C) sel)(BjC) sel](?/h) [T] Sin Sukchu SR sil) U::.), LR sil) ; MGZY sing ct) [sil)] [E] ST *sel): WT sel)-po - bsel)-po 'clear, white, airy, pale' gsel)-po 'clear and sharp' (sound), JP sel)33 ' clean '; Lushai thial)H / thian L 'be clear, clean'
r:I
*
v c'
fl'f W green
jll)
tsjiil]
tsiel)
tsel)
qlng tshiel) tshel] tshel] < k-sel]? OCB *srel) (!) [E] ST *sil): WT gsil)-ma < *k-sil) 'pasture land, meadow', Mikir rel)-sel) < *-se/ il) 'green', Rawang m;)sel) ' green', masil) 'blue'
141
9 oeM *-el)
f#tfB
(GSR 808-843)
tsiel) ~ luxuriant jfng OCB *tsel) tshjal) tshiel) qfng tshel) < k-sel) ? OCB *tshjel) [T] Sin Sukchu SR ts'il) (If); MOZY tshing (If) [ts ' il)); ONW tshiel) tshiel) tshel) e' qfng tshel) ~~ g' tsiel) jfng tsjal) tsel) tsjal), tsiel) ts(i)el) tsel), tsel) f' jfng ~=E tshjal)B, tshiel)B, k' qrng tshel)? , EFJ dzjal) dziel) dzel) [E) TB-PKiranti *sll) 'ask', Oaro sil)? 'to inquire, question, ask' h' {~ qing tshjal)C tshiel)c tshel)h [T) ONW dziel) I' 'I~ qing dzjal) dziel) dzel) m 'n 's' ~filWtm jing dzjal)B dziel)B dzel)? ~1f = 9-23/8lle ~ t' tuck in zheng t~el) t~el) tsrel) C C dark red qi1111 tshien tshen tshins 1250cd f~~ red qi~lll tshien c tshen C tshins OCB tshins 'dark red' (Baxter 1992: 433) i'
m
m
• *fi
9-26 a-
c
d
e fg
= K. 825
Mand. Me LHan oeM .3f ping bjBI) biel) breI) OCB *brjel) [T) ONW bel) [D) PCoastal Min *bal) > Amoy pIA2 < *bal) 'even, flat' ~ phIA2 < *bhal) 'to flatten'; Fuzh pal)A2; PNMin *pial) 'level' If, 'yard' if [E] TB *plel) 'flat surface' > Tamang plel) 'big flat stone'; Mikir kaplel) 'plank' ~f ping bjBI) biel) breI) ~ Artemisia ping bjBI) biel) breI) duckweed ping biel) bel) bel) rf ping biel) bel) bel) -++ff rain m. ping biel) bel) bel) < blel) 'rain master' [E) AA: Khmer bhliel) 'rain', PNB *plifi 'sky', Pearic ph iiI) 'sky ' ff duckweed ping biel) bel) bel) beng, peng p(h)el) p(h)el) prel), phrel) [E) ? TB-WT spril)-ba, spril)s 'to send a message' 'If :of peng phel) phel) phrel)
if
W
K. 839, 817 ~ pfng *~ ~ pin ~ cheng
9-27 a cd 817a
=
9-28 ab
=
Me phiel) phjiang C 4
LHan phel) phiel)c
oeM phel) phel)h ~ 3-57/740t iJj ~hjangB ~hiel)B rhel)? =9-l7/835x ~ OCB *hlrjel) (a) 'gallop, drive rapidly'; (b) 'develop one's potential' . According to SW 4326, ~ is phonetic that can mean as little as the rime; the element could be semantic ('inquire'). The OC form could also be *threl)? or *r-lhel)?
K. 840
Mand. Me LHan oeM bing biel)B bel)B bel)? [T) Sin Sukchu SR pil) ('*); MOZY bing ('*) [pil)); ONW bel) peng bBI)C [Zihui], bal)c [Duan Yucai]
rzrLillz.
m
142
9 OeM *-el) ~.g~ (GSR 808-843) 9-29 ab
= K. 824
Mand.
a#
e f
mscreen
bing pIng ping bing bIng bing ping bing
JrJf
remove anxious
g d
h ij
k
LHan piel)(C) phel)(B)
oeM pel), pel)h [f] ONW biel) phet), phel)?
biel) pjial)B/C 4
bel) piel)B/C
bel) pel)?/h
pjal) ? bjial)c 4
piel) biel)c
pel) bel)h
OCB *bel) OCB *pjel)'?
bel) biel) bel) biel)B, bel)B, bel)?, pjal)c ? piel)c pel)h beat ping biel) bel) bel) [f] BTD Skt. bim[bisara] IiiJt1fEi ping biel) bel) bel) [f] BTD Skt. bim[bisara] [E] AA: Khmer biila /piil)/ 'swollen, pot-bellied, earthen water pot' a plant ping biel) bel) bel) to cause peng phEI) phEI) ph reI)
m= #
£(J± "vr
m n
Me pjial)(C) 4 phiel)(B)
w:
,!§it horses s.
beng beng pian
pEl) pEl)e bien,
pEl) PEI)C ben,
prel) prel)h ben or bin, 'horses side by side'
bi el)
bel)
bel)
[E] ? TB: Chepang bhil)- 'be close together (lay object, friends), double up'
,~ double o
M double
pq
Mlm
9-30 a
= K.
c b
d
efg
9-31 a
d
pian pian pian
bien bien bien
ben ben ben
bfn bin bin
'side by side' 'side by side'
841 Mand. Me LHan oeM ~ dark mfng miel)(B) mel)(B) mel)(?) [f] MTang miel) < mil), ONW mel) [0] PMin *mal)A2 'night' [E] TB *mil) > WB mafiB - mai B 'dark, black' MY *mhwaa~lc [purnell] or *J.l1WBI)CI [Wang Fushi 20/140] 'evening, night', MK: PNBahn. mal) 'night' ~ cover mi miek mek mek B~ mfng miel)(B) mel)(B) mel), mel)? i~ ming miel) mel) mel) ming, miel), mel), mel), ~~ sleep mian mien men mfn =32-40/4S7e !!R c c W1; dizzy miiln mien men mfns ~~ ming-ling miet)-liel) mel)-lel) mel)-rel) [E] Tai: S. ma-Ie£I)A2 < *mllr- 'insect' ~.m mi miek mek mek =8-19/8530-\W [f] MTang mian < mian, ONW men
=
K. 826
is
Mand. Me LHan oeM ming mjial) 4 miel) mel) R! [f] Sin Sukchu SR mil) (3j7.); MGZY ming (3jZ) [mil)]; MTang miel), ONW miel) [E] TB *r-mil) > WT mil), OTib myil) 'name', Jiarong termi, LB *?-mil)l/3, Lushai hmil)H 'name' [N] In Chuci ming rimes also with *-in. ming miel) mel) mel) [f] MTang miel) < mil), ONW mel)
143
9 oeM *-el) fjj:~~ (GSR 808-843) K. 762
9-32 a
=
9-33 a
= K.
-$
P,~
LHan Mand. Me oeM ming mj-el)c mi£l)c min R! -mrel) R! OCB *mrjil)(s) [f) Sin Sukchu SR mil) ($:); MGZY ming ($:) [mil)); ONW mel) [D) PMin *mial)c 'life '
827
Mand. Me LHan oeM ming mj-el) miel) mre!) OCB *mrjel) [E) TB: WB mrafi 'to sound'; Mikir marel) 'make noise, cry' , Lushai ril)H I rin F 'be loud'
144
10
oeM rime *-0
Hau bu
{~:g~
GSR 108 - 138; 1229 - 1235 Baxter 1992: 500 ff. (§10.2.10)
Table 10-1: OCM rimes *-01), *-ok, *-0 in QYS categories
Me
*-01) R.12
I
0- kUI)
I I
*-ok R.ll
tUI)
;frkuk kok *k6k muk mok *m6k duk dok *d6k
tOI) *t(1)
i
~ gjwol)C guol)C *gol)h ~ bjwol) buol) *bol) i~ Ijwol) liol) *rOI) tsjwOI)B tSOI)B *tol)? gjwOI)B giol)B *drol)? ffl jiwol)c JOI)C *Iol)h
I
iI kal)
III
Rd;)u c doC *d6h ~buC ko c *k6kh
liE khjwok khuok *khok fly kju {il- zjwok ziok *s-Iok
1iV zjwok
f.l
dzok *dok
:m II
: !
10-1 a-c a d
efh qr p
bl) *kr(1) 1~ pal) P;)I) *pr(1) tl gal) g;)1) *dr(1)
= K. 108 Kou
tuv
xy
kuo C {1 pju puoc *tju tio 1W jiu jo ffr jiuC joC
*ko *poh *tro *10 *Iokh
I
I
I
~ kak bk *kr6k
fl phak
No Div. II
ph;)k *phr6k
i ~; gak g;)k *dr6k
0 10-3 may be phonetic.
Mand. MC LHan OCM Ipj ~tg gau bu ko 'hook' k6 [E] WT dgu-ba 'to bend' 1pj2 phrase ju kju C kuo c c [T] -tJi'R kuo (or kioC)-kuet 'a kind of hat', cf. Mongol kakUl (Pulleyblank 1983: 453) gou buB ko B k6? < klo? [D] PMin *f;)U B [E] MY *klu 2 1i?f5tJkij gou buB ko B k6? c c fiJi gau bu ko k6h :J{ij,~ ju kju kuo ko OCB *k(r)jo fly grasp ju kju kuo ko [T] ONW kuo; BTD Skt. ku; tt]1*~t kuo-Iuit-da Skt. kolita fly receive gau bu ko k6
l1V
tree st. qu ttiJ a tree ju crooked gau 1lJM'OJ J:l1iJ qu
fly
o
*-0, *-okh R.lO, II
o kh;)U B kho B *kh6?
:111*
kOI) *k(1) ~ mUI) mOl) *m(1)
*
!
~~,~
qu
gju kju B bu gju gju
guo kuOB ko guo guo 145
go ko? k6 go go
'tree stump'
10
fril
k6u
kh;}U
kho
kho
kou!
kh;}U B kh;}U C
kho B
kho?
khOC
khoh
y;}U c ,X;}U c X;}U B
yoc,ho C
fioh, hoh
hOB
ho?
k
1l]~
'Iii] §fi]
kou
m n
~fi]
huu
~
OeM *-0 {~:g~ (GSR 108-138; 1229-1235)
hou
X;}U ho h6u [El WT I)ur-ba 'to grunt' ~ sl)ur-ba 'to snore' qu, k6u ! khju B, kh;}U B kh(i)oB
z
flilj
a'
DB]
xii
b'
tfriJ
xu
huo(C) huo B
hO,hoh
xju C
huo c
hoh
10-2
= K. 109
Me bu c
LUan
oeM
ko c
koh
Mand .
1O-5/112f
ho?
Bt)~ warm xu
efgjkl
•
hi
1~.
g6u
k;JU
ko
ko
1198a
§$j
jiang
kfu]B
bl)B
krOI)?
10-3
= K.
a
D
de
OPtD
f
jD
gou
~
kho?, kho?
xju(C) xju B
-c'
a
= IO-31l10f~
~~
also MC xju B
OCB *k(r)os
~t~f~fi5l.~
JH
id. [El TB *gow > WB ku B 'cross over, transfer', JP gau 33 'pass over'
Mand. Me LUan oeM kbu kh;}U B kho B kho? OCB *kh(r)o? [fl Sin Sukchu SR k';JW (1:.); MOZY khhiw U:.) [k';Jwl; ONW khou [El TB: JP kh u 33 'hole, hollow', Lushai kua L (b L ) < kua?/h 'a hollow, cavity' ~ kua L I kuak F 'to open up (a path)' kou kh;}UBJC kho?Jh [El ? WB khok < *khuk 'knock, rap' kou ! kh;}U B kho B kh6? = JO-IIl08k tJi( 110
10-4 = K. 111
a
~
10-5 a
=
Mand.
oeM
kou kh6h [El TB *r-kuw > Chepang ku? 'steal', WT rku-ba 'to steal', IP JiPl_ku 55 'to steal', NNaga *CI V-b:w, WB khui B < *C-kui B, PL *k0 2 'to steal' [Nl Baxter 1992: 238 considers 25-19/257m 5G phonetic, but it could also be semantic, cf. SW 1358.
K. 112
j§-
Mand. hou
Me y;}UBJC
LUan goB/C
oeM g6?Jh
OCB *g(r)o?
c
WBiH
hou
yaiC-y;}u C
greh-groh
OCB *gres-gros
d
tJ§
geC-go C ko B
hoBJC
hO?Jh
LUan
oeM
e
9J§
f
W§i
g
Dfo
gou buB ko? [fl MTang bu, ONW kou [E] ? TB: WT bsgo-ba 'to soil, stain, defile, infect' gou k;}u c ko c koh hoC, hou, X;}U c , h6h, ~ 1O-I1108m C B kou, gou kh;}U , buB khoC, ko kh6h, k6? [E] WT 'khu-ba 'insult, offend' hou X;JUBJc
10-6 = K. 113 a
Mand.
Me
{~ target
hou y;}U go go OCB *g(r)o [El ? AA: Khmer ko~ Ikaohl 'to raise (crossbow) with a view to aiming' ~ kpo~ 'be raised up, clearly visible'; or go~ Ik6hl 'to hit (squarely)'
146
10
oeM *-0 f~tfG (GSR 108-138; 1229-1235)
f~ be, have
e
f,*
f
~
g
11*
hau y;}U go go [E] AA : PVM *b:7 'to be, have, there is', PMonic *go07 'to get, possess, obtain' watch hau y;}U c goc goh hau y;}U go go [E] ? TB: Chepang guk 'throat' MK *k::l7 'neck' hau y;}U go [D] PMin *g;}U < *Ngo ? < ? TB: PL *7-k0 2 / 1
go
)-
m~ ~m*
hau
y;}U
go
go
hau
y;}u(C)
go(C)
go, goh
10-7
= K. 114
Mand.
MC
LHan
oeM
a
!If-
y;}U B
goB g07 Xiw U:) [yiw] [D] g;}U B
hj
thick hau [T] Sin Sukchu SR y;}W
!If- thickness K. 115
10-8
=
a
i& behind i&
hau
y;}U c
goc
goh
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
y;}U B
hau yoB fi07 OCB *fi(r)07 [T] Sin Sukchu SR y;}W ; MGZY Xiw (..t) [yiw]; MTang y;}U, ONW you [D] PMin *fi;}u B [E] TB *ok > WT 'og (not 70g ) 'below, afterward, later, after'; LB *?ok 'lower side, below' > WB ok 'under part, space under'; Limbu yo 'down, below, downhill' support hau y;}U c yoc fioh
10-9
= K. 121
a
~
d
Mand.
10-10 = K. 122 Mand. a 11: 1 conceal au
IIDi m-
Me
ju gju C [T] MTang gy < guo, ONW guo
LHan
oeM
guo C
goh
ju kju kuo ko [T] Sin Sukchu SR ky ( lJZ ); MGZY gyu (lJZ) [ky]; MTang ky ju kju B kuo B k07
e
Me
LHan
oeM
bu
70
70
70
76
70
76
au 7;}u [E] WB ui B 'pot, jar, chatty'
~ W\
au
7;}u
< kuo , ONW kuo
~ [T] Sin Sukchu ~ SR 7;}w (lJZ); MGZY lID( 'hiw (lJZ ) [7;}w]; ONW 70u
~ U~ vomit babble
k
~ soak
n o
fmi
seagull
au ou
7;}u B 7;}u B
70 B 70 B
!
767 707
au
7;}u
70
76
ou
7;}u c
70 c
76h
au
7;}u 7ju B
70
76
7uo B 7uo B
707
yu
~~ warm
yu, yu 7ju B 707 [E) ST *70: WB u B (i.e., /?u B/) 'lay an egg' ~ ;}_U B 'egg' ~~ mother yu 7ju C 7uo c 70h c brood you 7j;}u 7u c
II p
OCB *g(r)07
WB khu B 'take out or up and put in dish, gather'; Yakha khu 'lift up, raise'; Bahing ku-to 'bring up' ]I; gu khju(C) khuo(C) kho ! OCB *kh(r)jo [f] MTang khy < khuo, ONW khuo [E] TB *(s-)kuw > WT sku, WB kui 'body' ,~~ ~ gu khju(C) khuo(C) kho, khoh [E] ? WT 'khyug-pa 'to run, dart, hasten' 'khyu-ba, khyus 'to run' dkyu-ba 'a race' 'gyuba, 'gyus 'to move quickly' pivot shu tshju tsho k-hlo ? or khjo ? [D] Yue: HK-NT 232khyAl, Conghua khy55, Doumen khui 45 ; Hakka: Huizhou ky33, Dongguan k hi 33 ?;}U ?o ?o an elm shu,6u thio ~hju ~ wildcat chu thro ? or rho?
*
*
*
i1i
i1i r
10-11 a
=
K. 124
fIJ fIJ
c fi
9
jk
I h o n ill
Mand. MC LHan OCM monkey yu I]uo c I]oh lJ.iu c [E] TB: Kuki-Naga *I)a:w 'ape' > Lushai l)au H < I)au 'grey monkey' a fish yu I]uo 1]0 lJ.iu c c yu I]uo I]oh lJ.iu
~ ~~
yu
M
yu, ou
I]uo 1]0 lJ.iu yu lJ.iu I]uo 1]0 [f] MTang I)y < I)uo, ONW I)uo [D] K-Sung Him Tong 1);)l)c, Meixian I)Ul)c 'stupid' [E] Tai: PTai *?l)ua B2 jC2 'stupid, idiot, ignorant', S. I)OOCI 'stupid' ~M yu, ou lJ.iu, I];}U B 1]0, I]o? I]uo, I]OB lJ.iu, I];}U yu lJ.iu c rrl Sin Sukchu SR I)y ('*); MGZY ~ a pair ou I];}U B ~ a pair ou I];}U B unexpected ou I];}U c
~
~
p
K. 117
10-12
=
a
9'e [f] BTD
~
I]O? I]o?
1]0c
I]oh
I]uo, 1]0B,
1]0, I]o?,
y6ng y6ng
IJ.iwol] IJ.iWOI]
I]uol] I]uol]
1]01] 1]01]
Mand. d6u
ifEVitHt
zhu
10-14 = K. 1246a Mand.
a
I]oh
I]JU, I];}U ,
i.H-4
4i4 ladle
xyu ('*) [fiy] I]OB I]OB
1]0, 1]0
yu,
10-13 = K. 116 Mand. bushel dou
ab
I]uo, 1]0 I]uo c
dou
.
B
MC LHan t;}U to to-zuit-da Skt. tu~ita
OCM to
MC t;}U B tsju B
LHan toB tso B
OCM to?
MC t;}U C
LHan toC
OCM
148
to?
toh
[D] PMin *t:lU B
10
10-15 = K. 1235 a b c
rut IT IMJ
Mand. dou zhuo dou
oeM
*-0 {~~~ (GSR 108-138; 1229-1235)
Me d;:)u B
LHan doB
~ak
~;)k
d;:)u c
doc
oeM do? trok doh
= 1O-1711234a F'J
Mand. Me LHan oeM 10-16 = K. 118 dou d;:)u c doC doh a [f) Sin Sukchu SR d;)w (-$;); MGZY thiw (-$;) [d;)w) [D) PMin *d;)u c dou d;:)u c doc [E) TB *tu-I] 'bean ' doh dou d [D) PMin *Q;)U c : Fuzhou tau C2 -kaukD1 , Jianyang l oC2 [E) TB *tub~ *du(k) ' neck, head', JP du?31 'neck', Garo gitok, Mikir tsethok, Lepcha tilk-tok 'neck', Abor-Miri a-tuk, Atong d;)k-;)m, Kaike thoppa « *thok-pa) 'head' dou d;:)u c doc do do e tou [f) ONW dou; BTD Skt. dhu [D) PMin *dh;)u A2 : mingle th;)u D1 , Fuzh 52thau, Xiamen t hau A2 -khak; W-Wenzh 21dfieu fg f.R~ shu zju B dzo B do? B 169a ~li duan twan tuanB , S toi?ton? [f) Sin Sukchu SR tw:m (:5f); MGZY don (:5f) [t:m]; ONW tuan. [0] PMin *toi B
10-17 = K. 1234 a
r.J
Mand. oeM LHan doC = IO-JS/l23Sc doh dou [f) ONW dou [E) TB *daw > WB do B 'interfere in a quarrel'; Lushai dOH 'be at enmity'
10-18 = K. 128 Mand. LHan Me af tju tio ZhU *l>t* ar tsju tso *2**1 red zhu [f) ONW tsuo [E) MK: PVM *t:)h 'red' tsju tso de zhu {*~ tju gh zhu ~io tju kIm ~Jl**~ zhu ~io dou, zhou t;:)u c , tj;:)u c toC , tu u .C shu s dzo zJu ~ [f) Sin Sukchu SR z.y (:5f); MGZY zhyu (3]L) [z.y]; [E) ST *do(k): JP do?31 < tok 31 'cut off' zhu zju dzo ~ tshju tsho shu! pr ti***2
OCM tro ' tree trunk ' to
!I!*&
to tro tro
"*
tOkh, trokh do BTD Skt. ju
= 11-131I218b ~
do tho ' beautiful'
10-19 = K. 129 Mand. Me LHan oeM a zhu tsju B tso B to? [f) Sin Sukchu SR t~y Al
OCB *dzrjos
OCM Mand. LHan SOB sou so? SOB sou so? SOA R! 'move' sou move so [E] TB *m-sow 'awake', Tamang 2S0 'live'; WT gson-pa 'be alive, to wake, rouse, urge on' search sou ~j;}U ~u sru R! OCB *srju 'search' J§1lI~ sou ~j;}U ~u R! sru 15!l hunt sou ~j;}U ~uo sro or sru = 13-62/1 098a 15!l dog sou ~j;}U ~uo sro [N] Leibian s;:m B < *s67, SW mlo-sou ~¥jZ [nou-~u]) [E] AA: Palaung-Wa *s:>7 'dog', PSBahn. *s:>:, PVM *7a-c:>:7 soak sou ~j;}UB ~UB sru? = 13-32/l077r 1m; = 13-60/l112h:fi urinate sou ~j;}U sru sou ! ~j;}UB sru? ~ shou ! ~j;}Uc sruh SOUB sao sfi? ~! seuB xiao sifi? sieu B ~
as'l1~
t! eh
dzro
[T] Sin Sukchu SR d~u (3f); MGZY cu (3f) [d~u]
154
10 10-38
= K. 1230
a
R
10-39
= K. 136
a
fi
Mand. pou
oeM *-0 {:*~~ (GSR 108-138; 1229-1235) LHan bo
Me b;m
0
Me LHan Mand. fil pju C puo C [fl MTang pfu < pfuo, ONW puo pju puo fii raft C C buo c , boc bju , \);)u fil, bou board puo fii pju JEft pju B puo B fu Jff1Jff bju buo fu B buo B fu bju ~ [El ? TB: Lepcha por, por 'to spoil, smell' fil bju C buo C C fil bju buo c flft c [fl MHan ~Ilft kau-buo Ka~o'lJg()( (Kabul) bjuCI;m B buoc-lo B fil-Iou r~w~ C fil bju buo c ,~ft!l!ftift bju C buo c intestines fil
h fg
[El ST and area word: TB *(s-)pu foot fii pju phju fii phju B fu ~1ttft
d e cr m n ij k
lpq
tf1
1:1
±ftm
mt
,1M 1ft
10-40
= K. 137
a
*
10-41
R
*
oeM bG R! oeM poh po boh, boh po po? bo bo? boh boh
boh boh (s-)bu 'belly, stomach' puo po phuO pho phuOB pho?
Mand. fu
Me bju
LHan buo
oeM bo
Mand. mou
Me m;;)u C
LHan moC
oeM moh?
155
'belly'
= 13-73!l233kf!jl
11
oeM rime *-ok
Wu
bu
~:g~
GSR 1202 - 1228 Baxter 1992: 503 ff. (§ 10.2.11)
See Table 10-1 for OCM rimes *-01), *-ok, *-0 in QYS categories. In the OC rimes *-ak, *-ek, *-ok and *-auk, syllables with Me retroflex initials, especially of the expected QYS type ~jak, ~jak, ~jwok, tend to be rare in Diy. III and seem to haye shifted into Diy. II ~13k, ~ak, ~£k, ~:)k.
11-1 a
= K. 1203 §@
Mand.
11-2 = K. 1225 Mand. a d e f
~ ~ 1iJfJ ~
jiao, jue jue que hu
11-3 = K.1226 Mand. a bc
d h
j k
m p q 9
LHan
oeM
khok
kh6k
Me
LHan
oeM
kak kak yak yuk
bk bk g:)k
kr6k
gok
kr6k gr6k g6k
Me
LHan
oeM
OCB *krok
[T] ONW kak
R~
kh:)k khak que khr6k ~ kh:)k khak que khr6k JLJ ' Ellkh:)k khak ke khr6k Ji-5Z. [D] M-Xiam lit. khokDI, col. khokDI, Y-Guangzh 33h::>kD kiik bk kr6k jue ~ kuk k6k gu kok ~ a tree kuk kok k6k ~ husked gu [E] AA: PVM *rko? 'husked rice', Khmu IrI)k5?1 TB-WB kok 'rice plant' kuk gu kok k6k ~ yuk hu gok g6k ~~ yuk g6k ~ a meas. hu gok kh:)k g:)k, poor xue, que yak, khak gr6k, khr6k bu c gou ko c k6kh 'to suckle' [GY] ~ F.W1. k~uc gou ko c k6kh 'V WB hmui!] 'dull, downcast' hmui!]B ~ cover meng mUl) mOl) dense meng mUl)B mOl)B
~
brol)?
mUl)(B)
mOl)(B)
169
=d
a = l2-1311193a
t!~
mOl) mal) = 6-23/902a ~ 'very dark'; 1P mu!]33 'overcast' mal) mOl)? mal), mOl)?
13
oeM rime *-u
You bu ~:g~
GSR 1040 - 1116 Baxter 1992: 507 ff. (§ 10.2.13)
Table 13-1 : OCM rimes *-ul), *-uk, *-u in QYS categories Div.
*-ul) R . 1S
*-uk R . 14
*-u R.13 , *-ukh R.14
~ kuok kouk *kfik ~ duok douk *dfik
iff duB
~ tuol) toul) *tfil)
'§ kjul)
kUI) *kul) phul) *phul) ~ tsjul) tsul) *tul) $ tjul) ~ul) *trul) ~ sjul) siul) *sul)
%J kjuk
~ kal)c bl)c *krfil)h ~:Jl)c *trfil)h
~ y ak g::>k *grfik
I
III
H phjUI)
II
kuk *kuk mjuk muk *muk tjuk tuk *truk ;\ Ijuk liuk *ruk
§
'r'r
m
t¥ bj;m
t~ niek neuk *nifik ~ diek deuk *lifik
bu
*bu
1I phj:m C phu C *phukh :ffi tsj;m tsu *tu
*5t tsj;;m ;U lj;)u
@t ~al)c IV
hou B *hfiI' pa uB pouB *pfiI' dauB douB *lfiI' ~~ kauc kou c *kfikh •
C
tsu C *tukh liu *ru
§pau p::>u *prfi JT\ t~auB t ~::>uB *tsrfiI' ~ kauc bu c *krfikh
~ kieu keu *kifi
'DJ I'ieu B I'eu B *I'ifiI' ~ tleu . B teu B *tlU 'AI' "" ~ Iieu leu *rifi
*~ kjieu B4 kiu B *kiuI'
3/4 gr
~ mjieu C 4 miuc *mriuh III ac
i~ Ijeu liu *riu
II
tm I'au bu
*I'rifi
All phonetic series that are suspected to include words with the OeM rime *-w;) (Div. III) are found under Rime 4. No LHan high vocalic onset need to be postulated with the high vowel u; however , i is inserted after acute initials. LHan -iu after gutturals is a survival of oe *-iu (Baxter *-iw). Table 16-1 for comparison of OeM rimes *-auk, *-uk, *-(i )au , *-(i)u .
170
13
13-1 abc d efg h
= K. 1040 fll~t~ ~
Mand. gao hao
ef~
oeM
*-u
Me kau yau yau B
hao *\4-\1l039h Bl!f; \3-2/ \244c ao I)au ~
'*
~~~ CGSR 1040-1116) LHan kou
oeM kil
gou gou B
gil gil?
I)ou
I)il
LHan kou B
oeM kil?
13-2 c
= K. 1244c
13-3
= K. 1041
1if GSR 1041 P etc . constitute a separate series, see 16-8.
aj do
:;y"
Mand. kao kao
1
Vj
mn
t'575
13-4
= K. 1042
a
~
*
Me Mand. kaUB gao = 14-111039h al!f; * I3-111040g ~
~1:15
13-5
= K. 1043
'l
13-6
= K. 1065
oeM khil? khil? R!
Mand. hao
Me yau B
LHan gou B
oeM gil?
Mand. hao
Me yau B
LHan gou B
oeM gil?
Mand. Me LHan oeM kj;m B ku B ku? JIll [D] PMin *kiu B : Xiamen ku B [El TB: WT sko 'onion'
ab
~~
13-7
= K. 1068
a
~ fault PI.N.
ef
LHan khoU B khou B khoU B/ C
OCB *khu7
giao khril?, khrGh [f] Sin-SR khjaw B ; MGZY khjaw B ; ONW khau; BTD khmu; MHan khlU xj;;)UB huB xiu hu?
a
c
Me khaU B khau B khau B/ C
m
~.
Mand. jiu gao gao gao
Me gj;m B
LHan guB
oeM gu?
kau kau(B)
kou kOU (B)
kil kG , kil?
kau
kou
kil < klu ?
[f] ONW yau
OCB *k(r)ju7
OCB *g(r)ju7
13-7A = K. 1070mn Mand. xiao ! ~~.
mn
13-8 ab
Me LHan oeM kieu keu kiG There is nothing to suggest that \3-Il/I070 it is phonetic.
= K. 1064
Mand.
.L-j > fo.:~ I twistjiU !
Me kjieu B 4
LHan kiu B
gjieu 4, kjieu 4 kieu c
giu, kiu keu c
oeM kiu?
OCB *k(r)jiw7
1-/ has tone A. ef
!ll~ffj~
giu,
giu, kiu =4-1S/l 066i ~ ~l-j~q gJjg kiGh Jlao OJ.! [fl Sin Sukchu SR kjew C*); PR kjaw; MGZY gyaw (*) [kjew]; ONW keu; MHan kiu; BTD keu " ~ elegant kjieu B 4 kiu 8 kiu? a lexicographic ghost? JIU . jiii
ghi
d
,
171
13
OCM *-u
~$ (GSRI040-1116)
*lj2~ eleg. jiflO, jiao
giuuB, gjau B 3 , gaul" -kiau B -kjau B 3 kau? 1103a shou sj;m SU hju? or nhiu ? OCB *xjiw [T] Sin Sukchu SR ~iw (1JZ); MGZY shiw (1JZ) [~iw]; ONW su [N] SW says that 1..1 is phonetic, but it may have been chosen for other unknown reasons . qiao gjiau 4 giau giau 1139a 1& SW says that !& is phonetic. Although the latter is a phonological oddity in this series, qiao fits within the range of the phonetic GSR 1064a.
be
J&
13-9 a
K. 1044
Mand. Me LHan hou B hao xau B [T] Sin Sukchu SR xaw (..t.); MGZY haw heu, ONW hu [D] M-Xiam lit. hiucl 'bad smelling' ~ qiu khjdU B khu B khu?
13-13 = K. 1089
a
IDl
13-14 = K. 1071
Mand. chou
oeM k-hju
ii= is probably not phonetic in
e
16-27/1152 nao. Mand. Me LHan oeM you ?jdU ?u ?u SW ~ This may be the original graph for the next item a, hence has nothing to do with 16-27. you ?jdU ?u ?u ~ ?u [T] BTD Skt. u[pa ... ], ut[pa ... ] you ?jdU ?u 1~ ?u ?jdU y~t.f~1f you ?u ~ tI [E] TB : Lushai vuurF 'fill (with earth), cover' you ?u?
13-15
=
a
~
a d fghi
tif
K. 1072
Mand. you
Me ?jdU
LHan ?u
172
oeM ?u
13 13-16 = K. 1115 ~
a
b
~
c
~
f
9 h
oeM *-u ~.:g~ (GSR 1040-1116)
Mand.
MC
LHan
OCM
yao
lieu
leu
?in
you
?jieu 4, ?j;m ?iu
?iu
you ?jieu 4 ?iu ?iu OCB *?(r)jiw(?) [Tl ONW ?iu [El Mru iu (i.e. ?iu) 'dark' 1;b you ?jieu C 4 ?iu C ?iuh [Tl Sin Sukchu SR ?iw ("*:); MGZY Yiw ("*:) [?jiwl [El WT yu-bo 'without horns' rJfj] you ?jieu 4 ?iu ?iu [El Lushai eu?L (i.e., ?eu?) 'to bark or call (as sambhur deer)' I!WJ you ?jieu B 4 ?iu B ?iu? B yao ?ieu lin? see 16-201114Sq 'fii ?euB
2
t7;IJ > later
[1cIJ
13-16A [!.D concave
ao, ao 'concave';
?au
ao, ao
?au
13-17 = K. 1245ab Mand.
MC
~~
?::m
?rin
= 13-16A [1cIJ
* 13-171124Sa '& *?ifi? 'eye socket' = 13-16/11ISj:f:1JJ LHan
OCM
*
ab
?euB ?ieu B lin? 13-16111ISc ~ §~ ?iwet jue! ?uet ?uft < lint ? SW 1440 For other instances of a *-uiC < *-iuC metathesis, see EDOCnei (p. 397).
K. 1244h
13-18
=
h
W~
13-19
=
afg
ft
yao
Mand.
LHan
thai ou-thet tao-tie [Nl The '5JJf. 16-8 element may be semantic.
OCM ?
K. 1084, 1085
MC LHan OCM zhou tsj;m tsu tu [El MK: Khmer du:k 'boat', Bahn. *du:k 'boat', PVM *cfo:k -> Tai-S. tu:k D1 'boat' {f,jlMJzhou tj;m tu tru fg B B 1085a '!Jt receive shou zj;m dzu du? [Tl Sin Sukchu SR ~iw (....1::.); MGZY zhiw (....I::.) [~iwl; ONW diu d give shou zj;m C dzu c duh ONW diu B e #§. shou zj;:m dzu B du?
t5t
13-20
=
ad
1'1'1 m'l
e
13-20A
K. 1086
Mand.
zhou [Tl Sin Sukchu SR "@lll'l chou =
K. 1087
Mand.
MC
LHan
tsj;m tsu t~iw (-'¥); MGZY jiw (3fT.) zj;m dzu
MC
W~ broom zhou
13-21
= K. 1091
[a'Ja
zj;m chou [Tl MTang ieu < diu, ONW diu [El zj;:m c shou ~ tshjgU chou ~n!
e cd
tu [t~iwl
LHan
a
tsj;m B tsu B The same graph writes a synonym sao, see 13-61.
tt.
Mand.
MC
OCM
LHan
du
= 13-2211 0900
~=
OCM tu?
OCM
dzu du Lushai dOH 'to counter contributions ... ' dzu c duh tshu thu WB huik 'to pant'
173
13
oeM
*-u
~~G (GSR 1040-1116)
13-22 = K. 1090 a~ > !HI! .2~~
abl Idf
kmn q op
oeM Mand. Me LHan 'ploughed fields' qj;)U dru du chou 'who' qj;)U qu dru chou [T] Sin Sukchu SR dz.iw (3.fL); MGZY ciw (3.fL ) [dz.iw] [E] Kuki-Chin *tu?/h 'who' qj;)U WT do 'two, a pair' du dru chOu {IJ~. tj;)U tru zhou ~u ij;)u diu du = 13-20/l086e IlItI chou ~~Jt =h B B ij;)u diu du? shou I'i"f tsju C tso C toh = IO-19/l29c it zhu tauB touB tii? dao beat [D] Yue-Taishan au55_mbai55 f!'b* [E] JP t hu55, WB tui S 'push' quC qj;)U C druh pain zhou
gJ
a' r
= ii tI
s
11
9
fj
u
~I to cover
xz
RIR
covering
13-23 = K. 1073 ab c d
MfT Mt §1
13-24 = K. 1074 a
~
dao tao dao chou d~lO,
tao
Mand.
tauB/c
touB/c
tii?, tiih
dau dau c qj;)U dau(C)
dou dou c qu dou(C)
du duh dru du,duh
LHan
oeM tru? dru? thu?
zhou tao
Me tj;)U B qj;)U B thau B
Mand. zhou
Me tj;)U
zhbu
~uB
quB thou B LHan ~u
13-25 = K. 1116 a ,~ b c
Mand. Me LHan teuB niao I I tieu B [T] Sin Sukchu SR njew (..1::); MGZY dyaw (..1::) [tjew] teuB/c :i; niao I I tieuB/c B touB dao tau ~
13-26 = K. 1083 ahi
fhi m
n j I k o
= 13-26/l083n 1Jl,J
WT gru-mo 'elbow'
oeM tru oeM tiii? [E] TB: Garo *do?, Karen *to 'bird' tiU?, tiuh tu?
Mand. LHan Me oeM tsj;)U zhou tiu tsu [T] ONW tsu [E] Tai: S. diw 3 'strips of rattan or bamboo bent in a circle to which ribs of a cage are fastened' yJ] ~ftilm zhou, chou tsj;)U tsu tiu #"fflJ wrap chou qj;)U qu driu In #Jljji.W 9j;lU-mjieu, OCB *drjiw-mrjiw 'be tied round' [T] MTang geu < 9u, ONW du #J!J envelop tao thau thou Ihu graph borrowed late [Liji] for l3-27/l078g chou qj;)U qu driu Q.fflJ zhou, zhao tj;)U, ~au ~u, ~::lU tru, tru ~ chou qj;)U du driu '1m chou ! ~hj;)U thu thriu diao tieu teu tiu [E] S. tok D1 'to become faded'
mJ
fm
1m
174
13 prs tu v
x
y z
3JJfflB~ .J!J~
diao diao thio tiao ~ tune [T] BTD Skt. deva zh6u! morning dao ~ ti
• 11
13-27 = K.I078 a bef 9 d h
8
*-u
tieu tieu dieu dieu tj::lU C tauB thiek Me ji~m,
1£I£).g~ (OSR 1040-1116) teu teu deu deu tu C touB thek < theuk
tiu tiu diu diu
OCB *diw
tru(k)h a loan for 14-911 075a tu? thiuk
LHan ju, jauB thou thou
oeM lu, lau? Ihu
LHan thou
oeM Ihu ?
jiau B - yao thau P tao thau = 13-2611083m tao 1M thau thou tao 1M thau, dau thou, dou Ihu, lQ tao dauB dOuB dflO lQ? < g-lu? MY *nblau A [E] Borrowed by Tocharian as klu 'rice' (Mallory a. Mair 2000: 310) [D] PMin *tiu B2 *ffi (corresponds to QYS 9j;lU C [JY]) may possibly be a variant (Norman, p.c.) dao,dao dau c dou c lfih ~8
[-fErs "'6B fa 15 overflow 15 crowd fa
13-28 = K. 1046 ae
Mand. you
oeM
~~~
Mand. tao
Me thau
13-29 = K. 1047 a-e d
Mand. Me LHan oeM tao dau dou lfi R! (#.ill) WJ Sin Sukchu SR daw (3JL); MGZY taw (3JL) [daw]; ONW dau tao dau dou lfi R! ~kiln gallop dao dau c dou c lfih pleased yao jiau jau lau
~f4W*~
13-30 = K. 1079
The initial could be either OCM *li- or *j-; the default initial is here *j- (- *li-). Me LHan oeM you ji;m ju ju 8=! [T] Sin Sukchu SR iw (3JL); MGZY yiw (3JL) [jiw]; ONW iu ffiI you ji;m ju ju = 13-3211077q ~f:t you ji;m C ju C juh [E] TB *yu? or *b-y;;,w 'rat' pumelo you ji;m C ju C juh cylinder zhU j7.) [jiw]; ONW iu [DJ PMin *ziu [EJ WT rgyu-ba < *r-ju 'to go, walk, move, wander, range (of men, animals, etc.)', Lepcha yu
176
13
13-34 = K. 1081 a 9
EB W
oeM *-u
~:gG (GSR 1040-1116)
Mand. you
MC jigu(B)
LHan ju(B)
OCM ju, ju?
you
jigu
ju
ju
= 13-33/1080 rtff'fJ11
[T] Sin Sukchu SR iw ("'f); MGZY yiw ("'f) [jiw]; ONW iu
13-35 = K. 1094 a e
13-36 a h ij r
a' ty k
In o pq
z
Mand. qiu IN qiu 1[2;1 [D] M-Xiam, Fuzh SiU A2
LHan ziu ziu
OCM s-ju
OCB *zju
s-ju
* 13-33/1080
LHan OCM Mand. MC juB jigu B you ju? jigU(B) jU(B) you, you ju, ju? IE] KN *m-hew 'spoiled' B C jigu / ju?,juh you, you ju B/ C you jigu ju ju OCB *ju [T] Sin Sukchu SR iw ("'f); MGZY yiw ("'f) [jiwJ; ONW iu jigu you ju ju ~ you ju ju ~~ B B 1@ JlU tsjgU tsiu tsiu, tsiu? [T] Sin Sukchu SR tsiw U:.); MGZY dziw (1::) [tsiw]; MTang tseu < tsiu, ONW tsu [D] PMin *tsiu B >Xiam, Fuzh tsiu B IE] PTB *yu(w) 'wine' @~ qiu dzjgu dziu dziu qiu, jiii dzjgu, tsjgU dziu, tsiu dziu, tsiu ~f.f!@ qiii tshjgU tshiu tshiu t;J~ Jt~ zu, ell ts(h)juk ts( h)iuk tsiuk, tshiuk
m
13-37 = K. 1246c e
MC zjgU zjgU 'to swim'
1/\ monkey
Mand. you
LHan ju C
OCM juh < wuh ? =28-111575q
13-38 = K. 1102,1048
MC LHan OCM head shou sjgU B suB Ihu? [T] BTD 1§wt{$j suB-da[i]-was Skt. suddhavasa IE] TB *Iu 'head' § turn head shou sjgU C suc Ihuh way d~1O dauB douB Iii? OCB *Iu? [T] Sin Sukchu SR daw U-.*); MGZY taw (1:.) [dawJ; ONW dau IE] Yao klauB 'road' lead d~1O diiu c dou c lfih ~ lead d~1O diiu c dou c lfih
1102a
§
1048a
m
m d
The initial could be OCM *1- or *j- « **w-?). Mand. MC LHan OCM c C xill sjgU siu siuh < *swuh? OCB *sljus [T] Sin Sukchu SR siw C*); MGZY siw ($:) [siw] IE] ? TB: Chepang syu- 'to prosper, flourish', Lushai vuul H 'be in full bloom (as flowers), l3§ xill, you sjgU C , jigu B siu c , juB siuh, ju? ~ you jigu B juB ju? < *wu? ? OCB *Iju? [E] WT yur-ma 'weeds' from < *wur ~ you jigu B juB Iu? (?) OCB *Iju? IE] WT slu 'entice'; also PTai *1-: S. b"B2 'to lure, deceive'
13-39 = K. 1095 a
e d e
*
177
13
13-40 a
c
= K. 1099
The OC initial could have been *nh, *lh, or *hj; *hj is the default initial. Mand. Me LHan oeM ~ keep shou sj::m B hju? suB [T] Sin Sukchu SR ~iw ct); MGZY shiw Ct) [~iw]; ONW su ~ fief shou sjou C suc hjuh OCB *stjus c 5~ hunt shou sj;:m suc hju? !
13-41 = K. 1100 cognate 1'1 I3-4De. a
oeM *-u ~.g:G COSR 1040-1116)
~
The initial consonant is unknown, it probably is the same as in the possible
Me LHan Maud. shou sj:m c suc [T] Sin Sukchu SR ~iw (*); MGZY shiw (*) [~iw]
oeM hjuh
13-42 = K. 1101 The OC initial consonant is uncertain, the default here is *hj-; the word could possibly be related to foreign ones with initial *n-. Mand. Me LHan oeM a ~ shou sj::m B hju? or nhu? ? OCB *hju?? suB , B S tshu
cn
[T] Sin Sukchu SR ~iw MGZY shiw U : ) [§iw]; ONW su [D) PMin *tshiu B1 > Xiam tshiu B, PWMin *Jiu B1
13-43 a
= K. 1055
Maud.
::tt
HlO
13-44 a
= K. 1056
4=
Me LHan oeM Hiu B 10uB rG? Old Sino-Viet. reu [T] ONW lou [E] TB *raw > WT ro 'corpse' ; Lep hryu 'be dry, dead' (of leaf) ; Lushai ro H 'be dry, dead'; WB ro (= rau) 'very old' ~ rwat 'old, tough', NNaga *row 'old' (of person) Maud. Me LHan lao Hiu lou [T] Sin Sukchu SR law C.t); MGZY law C.t) [Jaw]
13-45 = K. 1069 a
~ fly high whistling
b f j
i~ ~
k
~
}'j]
Mand. liau liu, liao liu liu Jiu, III
Me lieu Ijdu C, Ijeu C, Ijau C ljeu, ljdu ljdu Ijdu(C) ,
chou, liaa liao liaa III liu, jiG qiu jiu
~hjdU,
ljuk
no
~~
p
~ a plant
g
t~ ~ 1~
a plant
h
lieu lieu lieu B Ijuk Ijdu, kjieu 4 gjieu 4 kjieu 4
oeM rG
Viet. rao 'enclosure'
LHan leu liu c
oeM riG riuh
SW 1499 'whistling of wind '
liu !iu liu(C),
nu ru, probably riu (cf. a) riu, riuh , riuk rhiu riG riG riG? riuk riu, kiu giu kiu
liuk thu . , leu leu leu B liuk liu, kiu giu kiu
178
13
~ twist
JlU
oeM *-u kjieu 4
~.g~ (GSR lO40-11 16) kiu
kiu
OCB *k(r)jiw
[E] PTai *kli;)U AI (?): S. kliau AI 'to wind around, twist a string', Saek tleeu C1 ; note however
m s
PTai *ki;)u CI : S. kiau c1 'to wind around, twist' ~ bind mill mjieu C 4 miuc
miuh
~
miuh
mill mjieu C 4 miuc [f] Sin Sukchu SR miw (~); MGZY miw (~) [miw] ~ unite, glue jiao kau(B) bu(B)
OCB *mrjiws
kriu R!
to crow
jiao
kau
bu
kriu R! OCB *kriw
frost
jiao
kau
bu or kau ? (kru or krftu ?)
[Chuci]
[E] PWMiao *klau 7 'ice, snow'
u vx r
q
{~ ~~
III
Ijuk
!iuk
ruk
[E] TB-Mru ruk 'shame'
III Ijuk liuk ruk mJ lao lau lou ru [E] WT ru-ma 'curdled milk', also JP ru 31 _ 'liquor' PTai *xl-: S. lau CI 'liquor', KS *khlaau 3 'rice wine' xau h:m hru or h(i)u ~ Xlao Ijau C liau c riauh *~ sharp taste !iao
13-46 = K. 1104 ac
Mand. MC LHan OCM lill Ij;m liu ru or nu [f] Sin Sukchu SR liw ('f); MGZY liw ('f) [Iiw]; MTang leu < liu, ONW lu < lu. MHan tmP#E piek-liu-liai Skt. vaidurya, Pkt. veluriya [D] M-Xiam, Fuzh lau A2
1milJrt
13-47 = K. 1114
b'
Mand . MC LHan OCM Ij;)u !ill liu 'to butcher' ru ~J [f] Sin Sukchu SR liw (:>JZ); MGZY liw (:>JZ) [liw]; MTang leu < liu, ONW lu < lu [D] Jianyang seu A2 [E] TB-Tiddim gou 53 I g::l?ll < rouh I r::l?/h 'to kill, slaughter' JI~~ lili Ij::m B !iu B ru?
c'
~~
aa'
pqstz
.gpl >;U
Ij:m(B) !iu(B) !ill ru, ru? Ij;)u lill liu mq;fjj ru [f] MTang leu < liu, ONW lu < lu [D] M-Xiam, Fuzh lau A2 Ij;)u !ill liu st~ ru Ij;)U C 1iU liu C ruh [E] Tai: S. riau B2 'rapids' c c Ij;)U 1iU liu ruh Ij;)u B lill liu B ru? W~m Ij;)u B lill !iu B ru? duc klu: / tlu: 'buffalo' > Viet. trau [~;)w]
a b
niu
Mand. cao
Me tshau B
LHan tshou B
oeM tshu?
== 13-5111049b 1ji
Mand. zao
Me tsau B
LHan tsou B
oeM tsu?
OCB *tsu?
The element gao 15 *kluk 'report' is semantic, not phonetic; the word 3§ *tshfih originally meant 'to go and offer (a sacrifice)', 'go and appear in court', which usually would involve
13-54 = K. 1051
some 15 announcement or report. Therefore, this phonetic series did not have an *sk-like initial. Mand. Me LHan oeM a ~ make ZllO dzu? ~ to go to cao tshuh
180
13 d
J~
e
~
13-55
= K. 1053
cao chou Mand. cao [f) Sin Sukchu SR dzaw transport zao PI.N. cao zao
ad
lUI
e
m
fgh
m;mrl
13-56 = K. 1054 a ~ 13-57
= K. 1092
a
f:k
bcd e f
lfk
9
Mand. zao
~
chou zhOu
13-58
= K. 1093
Mand.
J'
5X
JlU
bc
M
13-59
= K. 1111
9
t~huC
tshruh
MC LHan OCM dzau dzou dzQ (1jL); MGZY tsaw (1jL) [dzawl [E) WT 'dzog- 'heap together' dzau c dzou c dzQh dzau dzou dzO tsau tsou tsO [f] ONW tsau MC dzau B
LHan dzou B
Mand. zhao zhua [D] M-Xiam tsua AI
m tm
d~j;)u
d~u
t~j;)Uc
t~uC
MC LHan dzj;)u C dziu c [fl Sin Sukchu SR dziw (*); MGZY tsiw (~) [dziw); li&t khu-dziu c =Kujula tsjuk, tshjuk tsiuk, tshiuk c trample zu, ell anxiously cu, zu tsjuk, dzjuk tsiuk, dziuk
13-60 = K. 1112
f
tshQh
t~hj;)UC
OCM dzO?
OCB *tshjiw
*
a
d e
tshou C
1fk
h
a
tshau C
MC LHan OCM Mand. tshj;)U tshiu tshiu gill [D] M-Xiam, Fuzh tshiu AI shou ~'l *nh(i), hence < *C-nh(i)u? tshj;)U tshiu tshiu gill WKfJ(~ tsj;)U jill tsiu tsiu rtfk tsj;)U, tsiu, gill, tsiu, B B tseu jiao tsieu tsiO? "- I dzj;)u dziu dziu JlU . ~ tshjau B, giao, dzj;)u B jill dziu B dziu?
f.k J l!J \
a c
OeM *-u J£I£J~~ (GSR 1040-1116)
MC
LHan
t~auB
t~::>UB
t~au(B/C)
t~::>u(B/C)
Mand. MC t~auB zhao [D) M-Xiam b. liaO BI « ?) tsauB zao Ii Sau(B), sao , 'I i tshao B cao sao sau ~ sao sau [El MK-OKhmer Isook! 'sorrow'
X
m
LHan t~::>uB
tsou B sou(B), tshou B sou sou
181
dzru or dzriu tsruh or tsriuh OCM OCB *dzjus dzuh R! MTang dzeu < dziu, ONW dzu . MHan tsuk, tshuk tsuk, dzuk OCM tsrO? tsrO, tsrO?, tsrOh
OCM tsrO?
=
13-60/1112a 3Z
=
13-5911 lila m
tsQ? so, sO?, tshO? < CosO? ? = 13-5111049b 1j!i: sO TB-Chepang saw- 'itch ' sO
13 h
m
xiu
Ii
qi
oeM *-u sj;)U
~~G (GSR 1040-1116) suB
su?
= 13-3211 077r #If; = JO-37/J097f ~
13-61
= K.
gf
twti
13-62 a
= K. 1098
tshiek
tshek < tsheuk
tshiilk
Me LHan oeM Mand. sauBjC souBjC su?jh sao The same graphic element ffl writes a synonym zhbu; see 13-20A. 1087
Ji a plant a hunt
Mand. sou sou
Me ~j;)U ~j;)U
LHan su su
oeM sru sru or sro
= 10-37/1097h
13-63 (cf. K. 647)
l~ 13-64 afg h
LHan Mand. Me oeM 'three-year-old calf' sj;)u, ~jeu sru sou ~u [El KD: PHlai *sr-: Baoding fu 3 , Zhong-shan tshu 3 'three'. Cf. 38-29/647
= K. 1057 1*~m ~ robe
salute 13-65 a
= K.
13-66
= K.
a
•
1058
¥~
Mand. bao bao
bila Mand.
bila
Me pau B pau pau c
LHan pou B
oeM pu?
pou pou c
pil pilh
Me pau c
LHan pou c
oeM pilh
In the BI, 13-69 tfr has been added as phonetic (Qiu 2000: 232). Mand. Me LHan oeM B B pau pou pu? bao [fl Sin Sukchu SR paw Ci); MGZY baw, ba'o (J:.) [paw]; ONW pau [El TB *puw 'value' 1059
13-67 = K. 1060 ab a~
Mand. bao
Me pau B
LHan pou B
oeM pil?
13-68 = K. 1061 a JBm
Mand. bila
Me bau c
LHan bouc
oeM buh
13-69 = K.1107 a d d
Mand. Iou piao
Me pj;)U B
LHan puB
bjiau 4
biau
oeM pu? R! biau
LHan bUB
oeM bu? R!
m
13-70 = K. 1108 Mand. Me bj;)u B a fu $ [fl MTang bvu, ONW bu 13-71 = K. 1154,1106 biao 1154a ~
Me pjieu 4,
LHan oeM PJU, PJU, pjiau 4 piau pIaU [N] The graph !\; also writes a synonym shan *sram 36-2411154 . [E] PMiao *preu 2A , PYao *pyIeP 'hair'
182
OCB *b(r)ju?
13
oeM *-u ~.:g~ CGSR 1040-1116)
This graph 11~ seems to be the abbreviated phonetic in the following : biao pjieu 4 piu piu 1106a ~ ~ biao bjieu 4, bj:m biu biu b LHan Mand. oeM Me [E] WT phru -ma 'uterus' bao, pau, p::>u, prO, pao phau ph:>u phrO § 2 wrap bao pau p::>u prO OCB *pru [T] Sin Sukchu SR paw ( 3jZ); MGZY baw (3jZ) [paw], MHan pJU; BTD plOU; ONW pau [E] WT 'phur- 'wrap up' pau p::>u prfi OCB *pru t!I mat bao biau B reed bi~1O bjau B 3? bau? J®: 1iQ pao bau b::>u brO ff@ b~lO bauB b:Ju B brO? B WI bao pauB p:Ju prO? [T] Sin Sukchu SR paw U:); MGZY baw J3§
a
c eg h d
f
b~lO
f'EZ
bauB
bouB
[T] Sin Sukchu SR baw (.1.); MGZY paw [E] WB puik 'hold in arms, hug'
kl m
@ ¥@
n
~
o
m
fu po, pao, bao bao
pau , pou
bO?
k
bu phrOk, brO, brO?, brOh brfik
Me
LHan phu phU phu R! phu
oeM
phju irreg! phju phju phju, bjgu
bau, bgu
b:Ju, bou
brO, bO
183
phu R! phu phu phu
*biiu
oeM *-u ~.g~ (GSR 1040-1116)
13 13-74 -ab ab ab -cd
= K. 1062
r=J > '§I I
Mand. mao
Me mauc mau c
LHan mouc
oeM muh
OCB *muks
'§I2 to look at mao mouc muh [D] Gan-Wuning mou CI 'to look at' [E]JP mu 31 'to see' '§I 3 mo m~k m~k Alternate reading for 'covetous' and the name Mao-dun ~ iJj~, then read Mo-du LH m;:)k-tu;:)t
~~9\§f~
mao mauc mouc For an additional item of GSR 1062, see 5-37.
muh
13-75 = K. 1063 a ~±
Mand. Me LHan oeM mu, mou m~uB mu s mu? R! [E] DKhmer jmol [cm991J 'male of animals' . See EDOe; Intro. 8.1 .1.
= K. 1109
See Baxter 1992: 467 for these rimes.
a
;;f
Mand. mao
c
"* tf*
13-76
d
Me m~u
< mj;:lu
LHan mu
oeM muR!
DeB *m(r)ju DeB *mru
mao
mau
m:m
mru R!
mao!
mau
mu
f
~
mao
m~uc
mou mouc
h
.&
wu
muoB/c muo c
mo?, moh
wu
mjuB/C mju C
mou
mj~u
mu
mu
kl 0
mnp
q r
s
~~ ~ M~~ ~
mj~u mu mao , mou milk, m;:lu c m;,k, moc [E] WT rmogs-pa 'eyes heavy with sleep, inert' mu muk mok ~
It
mao
DeB *m(r)ju?
muh
OCB *m(r)jus
moh mu mr6k(h) m6k
wu
muk mok m6k wu mju C muo c R! moh DeB *m(r)jos [T] MTang mvu < mvuo, DNW muo ' make effort' [EJ TB *mow > PL *mi(aw)2 'work', WB mu 'do, perform' . PTai *hm-: S. mok D1 'apply oneself' wu mju C muo c moh ~ 22 33 [D] Yue-Guangzh mou , Min-Xiam bu , b;)24, Fuzh mu;)52 [E] TB *mu:k 'fog'
?Ji
K. 1110
13-77
=
a
.$
bed e
bellow
'I'$H$~
{if
13-78 = K. 1231 a f
rt
a
See Baxter 1992: 467 for these rimes. Mand. Me LHan mou mj~u mu mj~u
mou
oeM mu
mu mu
mu
II
LHan muCR!
oeM muh
mao , mou
muCR!
muhR!
m~u
mou Mand. wu
< mj~u
184
in dialects also 'to love'
mu
OCB *m(r)jus
14
oeM rime *-uk
Jue bu w::g~
GSR 1016 - 1039 Baxter 1992: 518 ff. (§10.2.14)
See Table 13-1 for oeM rimes *-uIJ, *-uk, *-u in QYS categories; Table 16-1 for comparison of oeM rimes *-auk, *-uk, *-(i)au, *-(i)u, and Table 17-1 for comparison of oeM rimes *-ek, *-ak, *-auk, *-uk. No LHan high vocalic onset need be postulated with the high vowel u; however, i is inserted after acute initials.
14-2 = K. 1017 Mand. a *1 JU cdegfjk mm~l?5m'fijlW~ h ~ ju ~ qii 14-3 a
d f
Me kjuk
=a
bu C kou B
krGkh kO?
gou B gou B
gO? gO?
LHan kuk
oeM kuk
kuk khuk
kuk khuk
OCB *k(r)juk
*1
kjuk khjuk
K. 1038 ~
[E] TB *kuk - *guk 'to bend'
Mand. Me LHan oeM xue yak g:lk grfik [T] Sin Sukchu SR yjaw (A), LR yjaw?; MGZY (Hyaw » Hyaw (A) [yjaw]; ONW yak ~~ xi~lO yau C g:lU C grGkh
=
W: awake Jue W: awake intr. jHlO
kak kauc
bk bu c
185
krOk krOk !
14
Wt 9
~
jiao kau B tE] WT dkrog-pa 'to stir, scare' khuok ku yak, xue, yue nk
h
:'II
14-4
= K. 1045 interior
a be
14-5
= K. 1016
bUB
krfi?
khouk
khfik
gouk, ?ouk
grfik, ?rfik
yu ?juk ?uk j;!l!! 'warm' tE] WB uik (L e. ?uik) 'feel warm'
Mand. Me LHan oeM du duok do uk dOk OCB *duk [f] ONW douk. MHan Jrll sin-douk Hinduka [Dl Vue tuk D2 , Kejia t huk D2 , Fuzh ts}ik D2 tE] WT gdug-pa 'poison' to poison du dauc dou c dOkh C2 el [D] Vue tou , Kejia theu , Min Fuzh thau CI 'to poison ' du, dao duok, daue douk, douc dGk, dfikh
ft ~
du, dao du
ri
tuok duok
touk douk
= K. 1025
Mand. Me LHan :f.5i'. pray zhu tsjuk tsuk [f) Sin Sukchu SR t~y ( J\ ); MGZY jyu (J\) [t~yl :f5i'. curse zhbu tSjdU C tsu C f;t5i'. ehu , zhu ts(h)juk ts(h)uk a
14-7
?uk
ii poison n.
ii
14-6
(GSR 1016-1039)
Me LHan OeM Mand. nu c ?ou C ?Okh ab cove yu ?juk ?uk ?uk C ~~ ab, yu ?auC, ?juk ?ou , ?uk ?fikh, ?uk ~ [f] Sin Sukchu SR law (:tr); MGZY 'aw (:tr) [7aw); ONW 7uu . [Dl Min dial.: Fuzhou oCI_t hau A2 , Xiamen uCI tE] Viet ao ' pool, pond'
~~
b
J!:£G
Jl
de
a
oeM *-uk
SW 3702 SW 266 oeM tuk tukh OC8 *tjuks tuk, thuk
K. 1026 ~Jt
e
Mand. Me LHan oeM shu ijuk diuk duk [f] ONW dzuk 'Which one, whoT ~ shou, shU ijuk dzuk duk [f] Sin Sukchu SR z..u C\'), PR, LR z..u?; MGZY zhyu ( A ) [z..y]; ONW diuk tE] PKiranti *thok - thuk 'ripen' ~ shu ijuk diuk duk
14-8
= K. 1019
a b
=
Mand. Me LHan oeM zhu tjuk ~uk truk [f] Sin Sukchu SR t~y ( J\ ), PR t~u?; MGZY jyu ( J\ ) [t~y] ; ONW tuk tE] S. t:):)k D1L < *pr- 'bamboo strip' zhu tjuk ~uk truk
a
1'1
e
JfL
de
~e
fg
zhu tjuk ~uk truk tE] WT rdug 'to strike against' ~~ dil tuok touk tfik OC8 *tuk [f] Sin Sukchu SR tu (J\); MGZY du ( J\ ) [tu). tEl WT 'thug-pa 'thick'
186
14
oeM *-uk :R.g~ (GSR 1016-1039)
K. 1075
14-9
=
a
~
Mand. Me LHan oeM zhou tj;;lu C ~uC trukh or truh [Dl PMin *t:m c > Xiam , Fu'an taue 'afternoon'. Ch. -> Tai: S. truu SI 'early morning' [El WT gdugs 'midday'
.1
14-10 = K. 1024 Mand. 5f~ gruel zh6u
ab
Me LHan OCM tsjuk tsuk tuk 5fi] [f) ONW tsuk [D) PMin *tsyk [El WT thug-pa 'soup, broth' nourish yu jiuk juk luk = 14-1111 020a ff; 14-121l021a WTrl, Zh5u was perhaps partially selected for semantic reasons [El JP lu 31 'give birth'
.2
14-11
=
a
1f
K. 1020
Mand. Me LUan OCM yu jiuk juk luk OCB *Ijuk = 14-111 I 024b ~ 2; 14-1211021a ~ [El JP IU 31 'give birth (to a child)'
14-12 = K. 1021 a
~
Mand. yu
Me jiuk
LHan juk
OCM luk
= 14-11I1020a If
14-13 = K. 1022 a d e
The initials could also be OCM *dr-, *d-, *thr-. Mand. Me LUan OCM zhu driuk < r-liuk ~juk ~uk ~ diek df dek < deuk link OCB *liwk ~ = \3-30/1 079 S3 [f) Sin Sukchu SR di CA.); MGZY ti (A ) [di] zhu,chu ~hjuk, ~juk ~huk, ~uk hriuk < r-lhiuk, driuk < r-liuk ~ OCB hlrjiwk
14-14 = K.I023 ac e fgh
Mand. Me LHan OCM yu jiuk juk luk df diek dek < deuk liGk du duk dok [§~11I 16k du duk dok 16k !fJf§ljJ{ du duk dok 16k du duk dok 16k [f) Sin Sukchu SR du ( A ); MGZY tu (A) [dul; ONW dok du duk dok 16k d;;luc,duk dou,du doc, dok 16kh,16k xu zjwok ziok s-Jok Jtj shu (d)zjwok zok m-Iok [El WT blu-ba 'to buy off, ransom' ~ blud-pa 'release, ransom' PTai *lu s2 'to redeem , tribute', *dllru s2 'to donate, ransom' AA-OKhmer I bkl, Khmer Ilukl - Irukl 'to sell, to fine '
Jffi fl
7111J!lI
ijk Ino m
m
qr
Ul.
s uv
fIJi
.
14-15 = K. 1018 a
Mand. Me LHan xu xjuk huk [fl Sin Sukchu SR xy (A); MGZY hyu ( A ) [xyl if chu ~hjuk ~huk [fl Sin Sukchu SR tfy ( A ), PR t~'u?; MTang ~huk, [El TB *hu 'to rear, raise, nourish '
if
187
OCM huk rhuk ONW thuk
14
tf cd
e
lUi
'I ;
f
1~
14-16
= K. 1032
a
,\
efh
14-17 a
a~
rs hi no q
xjuk
huk
~hjuk
~huk
rhukh, hukh hukh, rhukh huk rhuk
All -ek < -euk LHan OCM Mand. Me OCB *stjiwk shu sjuk suk nhuk [E] LB *(s-)nok 'bean' sjuk nhuk shu suk ,J~ [E] WT giiog-pa 'to desire' niek nek < neuk niilk ni ~ tshek tshiek tshi ilk < snhi ilk qi mz~. [N] Aspirated initials in OC are secondary, one source of tsh- is snh- that, given the phonetic *nhuk, seems to be the source of Me tsh- here. Since the nasal disappeared early, the syllable could then be used for words with original affricates. eu , qi tsjuk, tshiek tsiuk, tshe(u)k tsiuk, tshiilk eu tsiuk tsjuk tsiuk OCB *Stjiwk ~u dziek ji dzek dziilk ~~ eu tsjuk tsiuk tsiuk t-~ eu tsjuk tsiuk tsiuk l&l df diek dek diilk l&l dek diilk df diek r~ shu ijuk diuk diuk OCB *djiwk m-X tshjuk tshuk ehu thiuk t~~t~ du tuok touk tfik ~~ jiiio tsjau, tsieu tsiau, tseu OCB *tsjiw [D] Min *tsiau
S
#X
14-19
= K.
a b
8:
14-20
= K.
a
~huC,
huc xj;:lU c XjdU C, ~hjdUC huc, l.hU C
Mand. Me LHan oeM ~ flesh rou nijuk rmk nuk [f] Sin Sukchu SR ru (A.), LR ru?; MGZY Zhyu ( A. ) fry]; ONW nuk ~ fleshy ru nijdu C nu c nukh fJ§ rou nij;;m nu
= K. 1031
v
~hj;;IUC ,
= K. 1033
14-18
tu 1m e k
*-uk J!t:g~ (GSR 10\6-1039)
Mand. Me LHan OCM liu Ijuk liuk ruk OCB *C-rjuk [f] Sin Sukchu SR lu CA.), PR, LR lu?; MGZY Iyu CA.) [Iy]; ONW luk. [D] PMin *Ihok > NMin Jianyang SoD2 [EI TB *d-ruk 'six' ~~m lu Ijuk liuk ruk ~ mu mjuk muk mruk
ag
b p fxy
ehu , xiu xu,ehu xu ehu
oeM
II
1027
Mand. ell zao
Me tshjuk tsauc
LHan tshiuk tsou C
oeM tshuk tsilkh
1029 Mand. Me LHan oeM pass night Sll sjuk siuk suk [fJ ONW suk [DJ M-Xiam lit. siok D1 , col. sik D1
m
188
'pass the night'
14
mmansion m
c
see
1@1fm
#,@ IT] ONW
d
~
14-21 a
= K. 1030
14-22
= K.
a cd
jiJlt
e fg h ijk
14-23 a d
rn
XlU sj;m C rou-xu 14-24
suo ~juk ~uk [E] Khmer /c,:xx/ 'be straight' suo ~juk ~uk
sukh
ONW su
sruk
~uk
1028
Mand. su su, shou xiu
sruk
MC sjuk sjuk,
LHan siuk siuk,
~j;m
su siu c seuc
OCM siuk siuk,
ONW suk
sriu ONW ~u siuh or siukh xi~1O siGh - 16-33/1 14ge' panpipe seu siG Xlao sieu IT] MHan siu; BTD seu; ONW seu ; MTang siau > siau xilio sieu seu siG
D,lix
•
siu C
LHan Mand. MC OCM su sjuk siuk suk [D] M-Xiam (lit.) siok D1 [E] LB *C-sok 'morning'
m til
oeM *-uk JE:g~ (GSR 1016-1039)
sj;m C sieu c
•••
= K. 1034
Mand. MC LHan OCM fu bjuk buk buk ~ fu bjuk buk buk OCB *b(r)juk ~ return IT] Sin Sukchu SR vu (A); MGZY hwu (A) [vul; MTang bvuk, ONW buk fu bj:m c bu C bukh repeat fu bjuk buk buk ~ fu pjuk puk [E] TB *pu:k 'cavern' puk ~ fu pjuk puk puk tl: phuk phjuk fu phuk [E] TB *bu 'insect, snake' ~ ph uk phjuk turn over fu ph uk IT] MTang pfu , ONW phu [E] TB: WT 'bubs 'put on a roof' ~ spub- 'turn over', PL *pup 'turn over, search for' phj:m C cover fu phukh phjau C cover fu phukh ;I~ bi bjak bmk or bruk?
fi
9 h
m
fi
if
11
k
14-24 = K. 1036 a
Mand. MC LHan OCM rou mjuk muk muk IT] Sin Sukchu SR mu (A); MGZY wu (A) [vu]; ONW muk; BTD §titi! muk-gianB-lian Skt. Maudgalyayana, Pkt. moggalHina [DJ PMin *J;I10kD2 [E] TB *mik - *myak 'eye' '@"m alfalfa mu-xu mjuk-sjuk muk-siuk « muk-suk) [SJ]
§
14-25 = K. 1035 a ~~
Mand. mu
MC mjuk
LHan muk
189
OCM muk
15
oeM rime
*-UI)
Dong btl
~:g~
GSR 1002 - 1015 Baxter 1992: 524 ff. (§10.2.15)
See Table 13-1 for OCM rimes *-ul), *-uk, *-U in QYS categories . No LHan high vocalic onset need be postulated with the high vowel u; however, j is inserted after acute initials.
K. 1006
15-1
=
a
'§
fe
Maud. MC LUau OCM gong kjul) kUl) kUl) [T] ONW kUI) (also written gong 2} *kloI) in Shijing) [E] AA-Mon gloI) 'citadel, palace ' ~ e gong kjul) kUl) kUl) [E) TB *guI) 'body'
hg
~g
15-2
= K. 1015
qlOng gjul) gUl) gUl) [T] Sin Sukchu SR gjUI) (3Ji.); MGZY kyung (¥ ) [gjUI)]
$ a
~ go down
Maud. xiang jiang
MC Val) kal)c
LUau gOl) kol)c
OCM grill) krul)h
[Tl ONW kal)
yal) kal)c
g::>1) kol]c
grill)
[T] ONW yaI)
yuol], gUl) go(u)l), gal), kal]C g/bl]C
grul)
and many other readings
ljul)
liul)
rul)
OCB *g-rjuI) [E] JP rUI)3l 'rumbling'
~ submit
xiang
~
jiang
d
Wf:
hong,
f
~i eminent
xiang, jiang long
[E) Khm rUI) 'eminent'
g e
~~ thunder
long
Ijul)
liul)
rul)
11
long
Ijul)
liul)
~
15-3
= K. 1002
a
~ ~ ~
e
f
15-4 a e
zhuang,
~al)c,
~ol]c,
rul] trul]h,
hong
xUl)c
hOl]c
hOl]h
Mand. dong teng
MC tuol] duol)
LUau toul] doul)
OCM tal) dUl)
[T) ONW tQuI) [E) WT gduI)-ba 'feel pain'
zhong tsjul) tsul) tUl) [T) Sin Sukchu SR t~jUI) (3Ji.), PR, LR t~uI); MGZY jung (:lJL) [t~UI)]; ONW tSUI) [E) Chepang dOI)?- 'to end, cease', KN-Lai dOl) / dO?I) 'to end' 1iilii zhong tsjul) tsul) tUl) < tjul)? = \5-4/JO\Oe ~ [E] WB : kjuiI)B 'locust'
= K. 1010
Maud. MC LUau zhong tsjul)C tSUl)c [T] Sin Sukchu SR t~juI) (:t:), PR, LR t~uI); MGZY ~~ zhong tsjUl) tSUl)
m
190
OCM tUl)h tjul)h ? jung (:t:) [t~UI)]; ONW tsuI) tUI) =tjul)? = \5-3/l002f~
=
15 f
~
IS-S
= K. 1011
a
Jf.
b
m
IS-6
= K. 1007
a
oeM
*-ul]
~:g~ (OSR 1002-1015)
zhong,
tsjUI],
tsul],
tUl),
c6ng
dzu(o)l)
dzo(u)l)
dzul],dzol)
Mand. chong
Me tshjul) thUOl]c
LHan tshUl) thoul)c
oeM thul)
tong!
thul]h
Mand. Me LHan oeM zhong tjul) ~ul) trul) OCB *k-Ijul) [1'] Sin Sukchu SR t~jul) (-'f), PR , LR t~ul) ; MGZY jung (-'f) [t~UI)]; MTang ~ul) , ONW tUI] [E] PMiao *ntr:)I]A tjul)C hit the mid . zhong
cP middle
cP f
{$
zhong
jl
~$
zhong
"jul)C tjul)
~UI)
k
JD\
r:P
zhong
tjul)
~Ul)
trul]
chong chong
~hjUI)
~hUl)
n
o p
IS-7
chong!
trul]
~hjul) ,
~hul),
thrul] thrul),
"jul)
"ul)
drul]
"jul)
"ul)
drul]
[E] Tai: S. trol]AI ' faithful, loyal'
[E] WT chul]-ba ' young'
= K. 1009
Mand. Me LHan oeM ch6ng "jul) "UI) drul] < r-lul) [1'] Sin Sukchu SR dzjul) (-'f), PR d7,ul); MGZY cyung (:1jL) [dzjul)] EE. also writes ' snake' 28-23/1009. [E] TB *d-yul) bug t6ng duol) doul) lUI) = I 5-8/1 008e
ca
fi.> £R
e f d
ti 1'A
t6ng
duol]
doul)
lUI]
~9!
r6ng
jiul]
jUl)
IUl)
m
[1'] ONW iUI] [E] TB: PL *7-101)1 'hot'
IS-8
=
a e
K. 1008 ~)
Mand. r6ng
Me jiUI)
LHan jUl)
oeM lUI)
fB
t6ng
duol)
doul)
lUI)
15-9
= K.
abgh
b
= I 5-7/1 00ge
100S
e
Mand. Me LHan oeM n6ng nuol) noul) nUl] [1'] Sin Sukchu SR nUl) (:1jL ); MGZY fiung ( :1jL ) [I).UI)]; MTang nOI) , ONW naul) {~ n6ng nuol] kl.fl:fl n6ng I)jwOI], I)iol) , nrol] , nzjWOI] nOI) nOI] PTai *hn- > S. n:):)I]AI 'pus ' n6ng I)jwOI), I)iol], nrol], ij
-=
~
IS-10
= K.
a
J.:X;
e
U,.JJa
nUl) nOI] nOI] [T] MTang nOI], ONW naul) [D] PMin *nh:lI)(C)
1013
Mand. r6ng [1'] Sin Sukchu SR rjul) ~ r6ng
Me nZJul) Co/ ); PR rUI); nzjUI]
LHan oeM nUl) nUl] MGZY Zhyung (-'f) (rjul)]; ONW nUl) nUl] nUl)
191
15
oeM
*-ul)
~:g~ (GSR 1002-10 15)
a
= K. 1012 ~
Mand. song
Me sjul)
LHan siul)
oeM sUI)
15-12
= K. 1004
Mand. song
Me SUOl)c
LHan soul)c
oeM sUl)h
15-11
a
15-13
*
K. 1003 Mand. Me LHan oeM 7F zong tsuol) tsoul) tsul) [f] Sin Sukchu SR tsul) (3jL); MGZY dzung (3jL ) [tSUI)]; ONW tSQul) [E] WT rdzol)(s) 'castle, fortress '
=
~
a
_
[ **f* g
h
= 12-13/ 1190f
zong, zong cong
*'
A
tSUOl)c dzuol)
tsoul)C dzoulJ
tsul)h dzul)
chong d~jul) d~ul) dzrul) [f] Sin Sukchu SR d~ul) ( 3jL ); MGZY cung (3jL ) [d~ul)] [E] Khmer /crol)/ 'to raise up', crUiIa /crool)/ 'be upright ' ; Riang ts;)r:Jl), Khasi jrol) ' high '
15-14 a
= K.
tI
oeM phul)
e
B
phul)
1014
Mand. Me LHan phul) phjUI) feng The phonetic element seems to be GSR 1197 phUI) [eng phjUI)
15-15 = K. 1253a a ~gj
Mand. [eng
Me phjUI)C
LHan phul)C
192
oeM phul)h or ph;)lJh
'*
16
oeM rime *-au
Xiao bii
W.g~
GSR 1129 - 1171 Baxter 1992: 526 ff. (§10.2.16)
Table 17-1 compares OCM finals *-ek, *-ak, *-auk, *-uk. Table 16-1: Comparison of OCM rimes *-auk, *-uk, *-(i)au, *-(i)u Div.
*-auk R.17
*-uk R . 14
I
~ yak gok *gauk ~ lak 10k *rauk
illIi kau
1l duok
~ 1)jak lJiok *lJauk
*.1 kjuk
i*
III
t:"J ?jak
?iok *?iauk ~ tshjak tshok *thauk 'm tsjak tsiok *tsiauk
tau
tau
*tau
Iff xau B houB *hil?
1l pauB
poUB *pil?
m: dauBC dOuBC *lil?
Hili kau kou *kilkh
~ kuok kouk *kilk
if yuok gouk '!f. ?uok ?ouk
*gauk *?1iuk luok louk *rauk
kou *kau
='IS mau mou *mau
7J I
*-u R. 13, *-ukh R.14
*-au R . 16
douk *dilk
kuk *kuk § mjuk muk *muk 'r'r tjuk ~uk *truk /\ Ijuk liuk *ruk
3/3
r-¥ bjau
bu
fit
tsu *tu tsu C *tukh liu *ru
*bu
mphjau C phu C *phukh tsj~u
mtsj~uC
;JJ Ij~u ~ gjau3
giou *gau ?iou B *?au? B pjau 3 piouB *pau?
gr
7::. ?jau B3
III
fill tsjau C tsau C *tauh
*
ac
IV
-M diek deuk *liauk
~ liek leuk *riauk
~ niek neuk *niilk ~ diek deuk *liilk
~ ?ieu C ?eu C *?iauh ~ l]ieu lJeu *l]iau
l€It dieu
deu *liau
~ lJiIk lJ:>k *lJrauk !j[ tilk t:>k *trauk .~ pilk p:>k *priauk
16-1
= K. 1129
a
~ high
deh
Mand.
~
yak g:>k *gnlk
MC
kjieu B4 kiuB *kiu? mjeuq miuc *mriuh ~ ljeu liu *riu
t:J.j
::Q: kau
ti1J ?au
~
II
keu *kifi rJ] ?ieu B ?eu B *?iil? ,~ tieuB teuB *tiil? ~ lieu leu *riil
?jiau4 ?iou *?iau phjiau4 phiau *phiau
Wi
3/4
If< kieu
kau
*krau
~ mau c mau c *mrauh ~ l)au l)au *nrau
LUan
~
?:>u *?riil p:>u *pril JT\ tsau B ts:>u B *tsril? ~ kilU C k~uc *krilkh
§ pau
OCM
gao kfiu kau kfiu OCB *kaw [f] Sin Sukchu SR kaw (1JL); MGZY gaw ()jl) [kawJ; ONW kou . MHan illIi0t kou-buo c Ka~oupa (Kabul) height kfiu c gao kau c kfiuh raJ ~t;~ B B gao k1l.u kau kfiu? d J"iWl [E] Tai: S. khau Al 'white, clear, pale'
193
16 -fg
frWjfg
gao
oeM
*-au 11f~~ (GSR 1129-1171)
kauB
kauB
kau?
khau(C)
kau(C) khau B kauB khau B khau C khau(C)
vau Vau VaUD xau xau xiik, yak xuok, xiik xau c
gau gou gou B hou hau h:Jk, v:Jk houk,hok hau c
xak, xak xau c xau c , xak
hok,h:Jk hau c houc,h:Jk
kau, kauh khau? kau? khau? kMuh khrau, khrauh gau gau gau? hau hau? = l6-911l68b hrauk, grauk hauk hraukh or hiiuh ? =x hriiuk hraukh or Muh ? =t haukh, hrauk
[D] PMin *g;)81 'rice straw' ~
gao
~
jk a'
s mn yz
f~ k dried kao f~ an herb gao ~ dried fish kIlo
m
M
~~ ~>-s
~
0
~
q b'
?t Ifii
v u
i:
~
=-Er i'ifi'il shout X
~ stern
c'
j(
16-2
= K. 1244
a b
~
shrill
kao qiao hao hao hao hao hao! he he xiao he xiao hao, he
kau(C) khau B kauB khau B khau C
Me LHan Mand. oeM gao kau kou kau gu, zhuo kuok, tsjak kouk, tsak kauk - kiauk tt [E] TB *kok 'bark, skin' > WB ~_khOk; WT skog-pa - kog-pa 'shell, peel, rind' khjHiu 4, khieu kheu qiao khiau ~ yao jiiiu or ji~u jou jau ~ '1:~ yao jiau B jou jau tl\\ In\
'1\\
16-3 ace a
= K. 1138
Mand.
Me
LHan
~11~ ~~ [PJ f1'ij "IE)
qiao jiao, qiao jiao jiao jiao qiao jiao jiao qiao jiao, qiao jiao qiao xiao qiao jiao jue
gjau 3 kjau 3, khjau 3
giou kiou, khiou
~2 arrogant
Jilt jklm d
9
h n 0
m~~~ W~
m
bridge sweep energel.
m ~
.~ high vigorous a dog
p q
#00
Rl Rl
martial sandal
kjau 3 kiau kjau B 3 kiou B gjau(C) 3 giau(C) gjau 3 giou kjau C 3 kiou c B kjau 3 kiou B gjau 3 giou kjau, gjau 3 kiou, giau kjau 3 kiou khjau 3 khiou hjau 3 khjau 3 kjau B 3 kjak
hiou khiou kiau B kiak
194
oeM gau 'high, kau, khau kau kau? gau,gauh gau kauh kau? gau kau, gau kau khau hau khau kau? kauk
tall'
OCB *fikCr)jaw
rrJ ONW kau
'energetic'
OCB *kCr)jaw
OCB *k(r)jaw7
=r
16
lEil r
conceit.
Jrjj
16-4 = K. 1162 ~~Bj: d W~ seek
ab
limit
gjak kjak
giok kiok
gauk kauk
=q
Mand. jilio
MC kieu B
LHan keu B
oeM kiiiu?
= l6-611166y
jiao
kieu kieu c
keu
kiau kiauh
ji~1O
f
~
yao!
DJi
jiao jiao, jf qiao, qf
h
~ ~ ~
qiao zhuo
1258e ~
~.g~ (GSR 1129-1171)
jue jue
c e
9
OCM *-au
keu c keu kieu kieu c , kiek keu c , kek kieu C, kiek keu c , kek khieu c , khiek kheu C , khek kheu C khieu c tsjak
tsok
kiau kiauk, kiaukh kiauk, kiaukh khiauk, khiaukh khiau(k)h kiauk
16-5 = K. 1163 ~Ij
Me LHan oeM Mand. zhao, jiao kieu, tsjau keu, tsou kiau, kiau [E) Tai: Lao kiau BI 'to reap, sickle', S. kiau BI 'to cut with a sickle'
a
16-6
a
Imo n
9
p
c
t&
= l6-l5/ 113Ir~ ~
khiau A2 < *g- 'a sickle'
Most or all words in this XS series could have had the OCM rime *-iau. Mand. Me LHan oeM jiao kau kau krau or kriau [T] ONW kau [E] TB *rjaw > WB roB (= rauB) ' to mix, mingle', Kachin yau 'be mixed' 3t kgjau 'to mix, intermix'. PYao *klaau 3 'to pay' krau ta~ jiao kau kau krau OCB*kraw 5r-
'l'tlY 9
""
~IJ quick tip
biao piao piao
h
e
piao piao,
piau phiau? phiau, phiauh phiauh phiauh phiau, piau? phiau phiau
OCB *phjew plao bjiau 4 biau biau [DJ Min: Fuzh phiu A2 , Ji!in'ou phiau c1 ; Hakka phiau A2 , Guangzh phiu A2 [EJ MK: Viet beo 'duckweed', WMon bew 'to ride Iowan the water' III wind n. piao,biao bjiau,pjiau 4 biau, piau biau, piau [EJ TB *pyaw > WT 'phyo-ba 'swim, soar, float'. ? PTai *pliu A1 'float in the air' blow piao phjiau 4 phiau phiau
m k
~ :j:~ fall crush
piao biilO piao , pao
biao
16-40 = K. 1170
phriiiu
Mand. pao ~2 f~ run biao
Me
LHan
oeM
a ab
~l deer
bau pjau 3
bau piau
briiu pau
cde
illHI
pjau 3
piau
pau
biao
203
'kind of deer' 'to run' OCB *p(r)jaw
16 f9
sltl
oeM
piao
16-41 = K. 1137 Mand. :=§~Jj~~ mao
aecf
9
h
*-au Wtf~ (GSR 1129-1171)
phjiau B 4
phiau B
phiau7
Me
LHan
oeM
mau mau mou 'f: [T] Sin Sukchu SR maw (.ljZ); MGZY maw (.ljZ) [maw]; ONW mau [E] TB *r-maw 'hair', Kachin nmun nmau 'beard', LB *m;)w? 'hair' E§ vegetable mao mau mau mou mauc mouc OCB *maw(k)s mao mauh cook mauc mouc mauh OCB *maw(k)s mao ~ mauc, mouc, mao, maukh, mak, mak mok mrauk mo xau c hou c hmauh diminish hao mauc mouc senile mao Coblin 1983:218 ;ft hou c hao xau c hmauh
Bt
1't k
16-42 = K. 1171 ab c d
7E~Jt
m
small far
~
16-43 = K. 1159 a b c
m
JEi3 ~
Me
LHan
oeM
mauc
mauc miau B
mak mak
mok mok
mrauh miau7 mrauk mrauk
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
mjiau B
4
miao mjau 3 miou mau OCB *m(r)jau = 16-1711160a mao mau, mjau 3 mau mau [T] Sin Sukchu SR maw (.ljZ); MGZY maw, mew (l]I) [maw - mew]
16-44 = K. 1158 acd e b
Mand.
mao miao mo miao!
it9ty{fy ~J ~j>
The element
&
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
miao miao miao
mjiau B
4 mjiau B 4 mjiau C 4
miou B miou B miouc
miau7 miau7 miauh
is semantic, hence it is only partially phonetic.
16-45 = K. 1161
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
~
miao
mjiau B 4
miouB
miau7
a
204
= 16-4511161a ~ ONW miau = 16-4411158e ill'}
17
oeM rime *-auk
Yao bu
~:~m
GSR 1117 - 1128 Baxter 1992: 532 ff. (§10.2.17)
See Table 16-1 for comparison of OCM rimes *-auk, *-uk, *-(i)au, *-(i)u. The rime is mostly *-iauk, rarely *-auk. A diphthong in a short-stopped syllable goes against the structure of the CH language; perhaps the rime was really reduced to *-Jk, which in LHan had changed to -uk, occasionally to *-ouk. In this OC rime, retroflex initials do not exist in QYS Div. III (tjak < *-auk), they must have shifted into Div. II (QYS ~uk); therefore ~ak derives from OCM *trauk, not trauk. Table 17-1: Comparison of OCM rimes *-ek, *-ak, *-auk, *-uk Div.
*-ek R.8
I
*-uk R.14
*-ak R.2
*-auk R.17
:fr kak kak *kak
t!§ yak gak *gauk
lrl kwak kuak *kwak
~ lak lak *rauk
mlak lak *rak ~ mak mak *mak
1f yuok gouk
I
~p
III
III ac
khjak khiak *khak kyak *kwak buak *bak) ~
al
Mand. chi,
MC tshje B,
LHan OCM tshe B < tshai B, k-hlai?,
'to separate'
chf *kh." ~2 ~ qie-kuo khiet-khuat khet--khuot khet-khot qie khiet khet khet ~ qie khiet khet khet ji kjHii C 4 kias kets ~ jie kiet, viet ket, get ket, get ~ jie kiet ket ket ~ qie, Xle khiet, viet khet, get khet, get [E] ST *ke(t): WT rked-pa 'the waist, loins, middle', JP JiIJ31_kjit 55 'waist', Tamang (l)ke: 'belt' ~ energet.qie khai c khas khras (or khres ?) ~ eat qie khiek [f] MTang khik, ONW khek nie I)iet I)et I)et ~3f~ NP xie sjat siat set =20-l1!309-~ ~ xie siet set set [E] AA: Khmer sniata /snliat! 'peg, pin, ". wedge, .,,'
$JJ
1i g.g
If
20-2 = K. 327 Mand. Me LHan oeM c a scale Jle Hi kes krets [E] TB-WB a-kre B 'scales of a fish' PTai *klet DI S 'fish scales' sudden jia ki'it ht kret df jie kai C kes krets e jie ki'iic kes kre(t)s - 29-4/51 Ob J~ *kri's musta. jie ki'iic kes krets [E] PTai *kat: S. kaat D1L 'mustard plant' grass jie ki'iic kes krets [N] GSR has Me kai c with this meaning k kets ji kiei c kes h Il' xie yi'ii C ges grets xi'ii C hes hrets
fr
fr film :W 1F 1F
%f
20-3 = K. 312 Mand. Me LUan oeM a ~ thimblejue kiwet kuet kwet ~ divide guai kwai c kuas kwets [N] For Div. II -wai c from *kwets (not *kwrats), see Introduction 5,2.3 [E) TB: WB kyuiB 'be broken' )f khyuiB 'to break in two' 'I~ kuai khwai c khuas khwets k [f] Sin Sukchu SR k'waj (:t?); MGZY khway (~) [k'waj]; ONW khuei b i3k: open Jue ki wet kuet kwet [f] Sin Sukchu SR kye CA.); MGZY gwya CA.) [kyc]; ONW kuet. LHan {jj¥:R: kuo c (or kioC) -kuet 'a kind of hat', cf. Mongol kakiil (Pulleyblank 1983: 453) quick xue xi wet huet hwet c Jj(: jue ki wet kuet kwet efg ~lftc.~ jue kiwet kuet kwet
1*
226
20
~.~~ ~R
d h
20-4
oeM
*-et, *-e(t)s
.FJ ~:g~
jue-tf
kiwet-diei
jue
kiwet [GY], kuet,
(1) (GSR 268-348)
kuet-dei kwet
yiwet [JY] guet gwet [E] AA: Central Sakai gawel, giwet, Khasi khawoit 'beckon with hand' kwH, kiwet, kuet, jue c mias me(t)s mei, mjHii 4 khuet, khyat khwet khiwet , khjwiit que ~
fR fR
qtc
xue
xi wet
huet
hwet
tk:
jue
?iwet
?uet
?wet
= K. 280
,L
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
a b
ya
?iit
?et
?ret
;tL
zha
t~at
t~et
tsret
20-5
= K. 1256a
Me
LHan
oeM
a
~M
I]iet
I]et
I]et
Me
LHan
oeM
I]jiiii c 4
I]ias
I]ets
20-6 = K. 331 a
s
nie Mand.
yl = 20-13/330
rtJ
20-7 = K. 285 a
Mand.
=20-7/285d ~
OCB *l)lets
ttlii\fl\
LHan oeM Me I]iet [GYJ, I]et I]et ~ I]jiit 3 [E] TB: KN-Lai I)iat 'to aim at', middle voice 'spy, watch' Mand. nie
d
JJfB
nie
I]iet
I]et
= 20-5/1256a ~M
c
M
nie
I]jiit 3, I]iet I]iat, I]et
I]ret,l)et
= 20-l3/330h ~
e
~U
yl
I]jiii C 3
I]ias
I)rets
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
20-8 = K. 290 a ~
I]et
she sjiit sat nhet < *I]het ? OCB *h(l)jet [T] ONW sat [E] TB: Lushai I)het L / I)he?L « I)hets) 'be firm, establish' l)heet F intr. 'to settle or get firm (as earth, cooked rice)', Limbu m:ma < ncss- 'to lie (including of geographical features, fields, etc.)'. 20-13/3301 ~
*
*
20-9 b c
K. 1256 Mand. Me LHan oeM ~ tie thiet thet lhet [T] ONW thet tie thiet, diet thet, det lhet , let The OC rime could also have been *-it [E] TB: WT leags < *Ihjaks 'iron' . Tai: S. lekD1S < *hl- 'iron ' , KS *khlit1; PVM *khiic ' iron'
=
.IX
20-10 = K. 288 a
Mand.
Me
LHan
15
oeM
she dzjiit zat m-let (or m-lat?O OCB *mliit [T] Sin Sukchu SR 7Je ( A ); ONW fat [D] PMin *Qziat < *m-l- [E] MY *nbret « *mlet ?) < TB-Magari milet (or me-let), let, Newari mee 'tongue' , JP Jil)31-let 31
227
20 20-11
oeM *-et, *-e(t)s ,Fj ~15~ (I) (GSR 268-348)
K. 309 Mand.
Me sjat insect xie sjat NP xie name of a Yin dynasty ancestor ~ qie tshiet [N] For *k-s- > *tsh-, see EDOC §5.9.1
=
rJiJ rJiJ
a
20-12 = K. 310 Mand. a ~ jie
Me dziet
LHan siat siat
oeM set
'some kind of insect' [SW]
set
= 20-1/279b ~3
tshet
tshet < k-set
LHan dzet
oeM dzet
20-13 = K. 330 a W-1. sow e f
9 h 1
Mand. Me LHan oeM yi IJ.iiai c 4 I)ias I)ets shi sjai C sas nhets < hl)ets c ~ sow yi IJ.iiai 4 I)ias I)ets ~ method yi IJ.iiai c 4 I)ias I)ets =20-6/331 [T] Sin Sukchu SR i (~); MGZY yi (~) [ji]; ONW I)iei [E] Tai : S. kra 4 -net 4 'tactics, methods, strategy' Il!\ yi IJ.iiai c 4 I)ias I)ets
•
~ ~ force
nie nie
I)iet l)iet
I)et I)et
I)et I)et
shi
sjai C
sas
nhets < hl)ets
= 20-7/285c
M
OCB *l)lets
M
« I)es) 'really, truly, verily', Tiddim I)d F < 1)E::ih < *I)e:is 'certainly, be sure' ~ re nzjat nat net or I)et OCB *Iliet [T] Sin Sukchu SR rje (A); MGZY Zhya ( A ) [rje]; ONW nat [D] PMin *niot - *jiat ~ nzjwat nuat niot familiar xie sjat siat snet ~ xie sjat siat snet [E] TB: WT sfied 'about, near (after round sums)' [T] ONW sei [E] TB *I)eis > WT I)es-pa 'certain, true, firm', Lushai I)ei L < I)eih
j k m n
m
20-14 a
= K. 281
20-15 a
=
ruo
Mand. Me LHan oeM J\ ba pat pEt pret [T] MTang par, ONW pat [D] PMin *pet, K-Meix pat [E] ST *priat - *pret: TB *b-r-yat K. 292
Mand. Me LHan oeM bie pjiit 3 piat pret OCB *prjet [TJ Sin Sukchu SR pje, bje ( A ); MGZY bya ( A) [pjej; ONW pat [EJ TB: LB *brat 'split, crack' > WB prat 'be cut in two' 53U differ. bie bjat 3 blat bret 'different' OCB *brjet
53 IJ divide
20-16 = K. 341 Mand. Me LHan oeM a ~¥Z bi bjiai C 4 bias bets or bes [T] Sin Sukchu SR bi (~) ; MGZY pi (~) [hi]; ONW biei [E) TB: Lushai phuaiH < phuai 'be worn, worn out, frayed ', 1P phje 31 'to ruin'. Also Lushai pai?L < *pais 'to throwaway, discard , annul' defg ~~~~ bi bjiai C 4 bias bets [T] ONW biei C h ~ bi pjiai 4 pias pets [TJ ONW piei c C • bi, bie pjiai , pjiat pias, piat pet, pets jk fi~ bie pjiat 4 piat pet
228
20 Pf§1( J~'
m
~
bie bie
20-17 = K. 328 Mand. bai a ff 20-18 agb f ik 1m -
= K. 311 ~ 'Ii~
Mand.
oeM *-et, *-e(t)s ,Fj ~:g~ (1) (GSR 268-348) phjHit ? biet
phiat bet
phet bet
Me
LHan
oeM
pai c
pES
preIS
Me
LHan
oeM
miet met met mie miet met mie miet, miek met, mek met , mek $! cover mie MC miek =8-21/859 W/l.; on *-ek - *et. see Baxter 1992: 300; 484 met met mie miet ;fft!~ mjwBt muat mat mtft!~ wa
m
20-19 = K. 294 Mand. a xue ~ [El ? TB *mit be mie ~ft~ [f) ONW miat
OCB *prots
[flONW met
Me
LHan
oeM
xjwat 3
byat
bmet (or bmat ?)
OCB *hmjet
mjiat 4
miat
met
OCB *mjet
229
21
oeM rime *-at, *-ats, *-as Yue- n btl
J=l ~:gB
(2)
GSR 267 - 348 Baxter 1992: 389 ff. (§10.1.2)
Table 21-1: OCM rimes *-an, *-at, *-a(t)s, *-ai in QYS categories Div.
*-an R.24
*-at R.21
I
Tkan kon *kan 5¥i! dan dan *dan pwan C ponC *pans
kat *kat dot *dat :& bwat bat *bil.t
J! kjnn C kion c *kans
~ xjnt hiot *hat ~ pjwet puot *pat ~jwnt wot *wat
*
III gr
& pjwnn B puon B *pan?
WJ khjwen C khyon C *khwans :rnjwnn R
wan B *wan?
• kjiin B3 kianB *krian? j# bjiinCJ manc *brans
3/3 gr
III ac !'/l\; tsjiin C tsanc *tans J! jiiin jan *Ian
*-a(t)s R.21
*'1 kat
~dat
*-ai R.18
~
yai C gas *gats
1iiJ ya goi *gai
~
pwai pas *pats
11& pwa poiB*pai? ~ ta wi *tai
*- thai Ccthos *thas
:it J]jni c l)ios *l)as Uj bjwniC buos *bas
iii xjwniC hyos *hwats
~
gjiit3 giat *gat
ttl!. sjiit siat *slat
:ml khjiiiCJ khias
~
gje3 gioi *gai
*khats
& bje3 bioi *bai
iit sjiiiC sas *Ihats
j1jjE Ije lioi *rai
~
jiiii Cjas *lats
iJr8 dzja hi *m-lai
III ac
no
~ mai c mas *mrats ka kai *krai l'& pai c pas *prats • rna mai *mrai i:fr ~a ~ai *srai
§( kan kan *kran
II
U-J ~an ~an *sran
Finals in *-wat/s are under rime 22 *-otls, rimes in *-etls under rime 20. After acute initials in Div. III, OC *-at and *-et have merged into MC -jiit, these OC rimes are therefore difficult to untangle; they are included in this rime group. See Table 20-1. After gutturals in Div. III occur two MC finals, Kjut and ch6ngmiu 3/3 Kjiit. Baxter reconstructs all MC Kjiit with OC medial *r. However, after 7, x and 1) only -jut occurs, and jat as a rare doublet. Tone C words tend to belong to Div. 3/3 (-jiiiC 3), but the closed counterpart to belong to Div. III (-jEt) . Therefore Div. 3/3 Kjiit(s) and Div. III Kjut are nearly in complementary distribution, both are the regular reflexes of OCM *kat (without medial *r). See Intro. 5.2.3 for more about the removal of OCB medial *r in MC Div. 3/3 syllables.
21-1 a
def
K. 313 Mand. gai ~ ge ~
MC LHan OCM kai c , kat kas, kat kast, kat kat kat kat ge kat 2, kat 2 kat, ket krat or kret f~ [E] TB: Lepcha hrit 'to comb', LB *kret 'scrape' > WB khrac 'to scrape', Kachin khret 'rasp, grate' Tai: S. khraat D2 < *g- 'to scrape, rake' :It kraat DI 'metal scraper or grater' ~~~ he yat got gat
=
230
21 g h jz j 0
p qr
ill
n
s
u k
y x a' y
oeM
*-at, *-a(t)s
f3 ~*~
(2) (GSR 267-348)
f~
yat gat gat he yat gat gat ~~ bird A he khat khat khat bird B ke khat khat 'thirst' khat ~l~~X ke y~2 dried jie gat giat gjat 3 rn Sin Sukchu SR gje (A) giat gat jie gjat 3 t~ pole khat khat khrat 'musical instrument ' mus. in. qifi [T] Indic gatha, gadha giat, kiat gat, kat jie gjat 3, kjBt ~ robust khjat 3 khiat khat go away qie =m giat gat jie gjat 3 ~~ kjat 3 kiat kat Jle ~ [T] MTang kar, ONW kat [E] ? TB: Kanauri khas 'sheep' khjat 3, khjBt khiat khat qie t~ khjaiC 3 khias 'lift one's clothes' khats :j:~ lift jie, qi jie, jie, gjat, kjat 3, giat, kiat, gat, kat, 'lift on shoulder' lift khjat khiat khat OCB *khrjats qie The graph has additional MC readings, see GSR 313n. khjaiC 3, khias, II~ to rest qi, khats, =2l-6/329~ khjat khiat khat qie khai c khas desire kfii khats xie, xie xjBt hiat hat ~ hiat hat xie xjBt ~ he xat hat hat nPJb shout C ?ai ?as fats choke fii [N] It seems that after *7-, tone C counterparts to Diy. I *711t appear in QYS Diy. II fat e ?at ?at = 1-28/270a 1M] ~ ye ?jBt fiat fat II ye ?jBt fiat fat ~ c ai ?ats ?ai ?as ~ ?jaiC 3, yi , ?ias, fats, ?ai C, (at fii ?as, fat ?at(s)
m
21-2 = K. 314 Mand. a d
c f g
MC LHan OCM yai C hfii gas gats [T] ONW yaC ge kat kat kat !~ [T] Sin Sukchu SR b ( A ); MGZY go (A) [k:>] [D) *~at [E] ST and area: TB *(s-)kat 'cut', WT 'gas-pa 'to split , break' jie kai c kas krats
t!i
!t! ft rG
xia hUQ
21-3 =K.282 Mand. a
$
xia
yat xwat
gat huot
grat hwat
MC yat
LHan gat
OCM grat
231
OCB *fikat(s)
=21-3/282 *
=21-2/3l4fft
21
21-4 a
21-5 a
b
21-5A
=
K. 283
:r
Mand. jie
oeM *-at, *-a(t)s fj ~:g~ (2) (GSR 267-348) LHan kiat
Me kjat 3
OCM kat
= K. 284
LHan OCM Mand. Me ~ hero Jle gjat 3 giat gat OCB *grjat [El ? TB: WT gyad 'champion, athlete'; or Lushai hrat F < hraat 'brave, resolute' jie kjat 3 kiat kat lift 1~ jie gjat 3 giat gat OCB *grjat Mand. ji
g
LHan kias
MC kjai C 3
OCM kats
21-5B
Mand. Me LHan C lj*jjm~1J ji kjai 3 kias Il [Tl MHan Indic kath; mu~ kias-pin Kashmir
OCM kats
21-6 a
= K. 329
21-7 a
= K. 332
~
m
21-8 = K. 268 a ffi.
Mand. qi
MC khjai C 3
LHan khias
OCM khats
Mand. yi
Me ?jai C 3
LHan ?ias
OCM tats or tas
Me I)at =21-9/269 -;Y, =24-17/252j
21-9 a
Mand.
e
= K. 269
Mand.
"5
e
1liI:,
LHan I)0t 21-llf289j ~ LHan I)ot
=21-1 /313s'~
OCB *khrjats
OCM I)at
= see 21-8/268
21-10 = K. 347 Mand. Me LHan OCM a X yi IJ.iBi C I)ios I)as cb )t l)(U yi IJ.iBi C I)ios I)as 'to mow' [E) TB: WT rl)a-ba, brl)as 'to mow, cut, reap' , West Tib. col. rl)ab-pa )t2 artem. ai l)ai C I)os I)as 'artemisia' c [Tl Sin Sukchu SR 1)aj (~); MGZY I)ay (~) [lJajl 21-11 = K. 289 There is only one syllable of the type IJ.iBt in SSYP, hence lJ.iat 3 probably represents OeM 1)at, not I)rat. Mand. Me LHan OCM gf siat a xie sjat sI)at ed §¥d sjat siat xue sl)at sa, xie sat, siet sat, set sat, set f J! nie I)iat I)at [Tl ONW I)at g lJ.iat 3 ~ !I: nie lJ.iat 3 I)iat I)at h [El ST *1]ja(t) or *1]je(t): WT nes-pa 'evil, calamity, crime', Kachin nye 'punish, cause woe' ~ malt nie lJ.iat 3 I)iat I)at [Tl ONW 1)at [El TB: Lushai lJaan H < 1)aan 'malt'
232
21
~
e, nie = 21-8/268a
OCM *-at, *-a(t)s I)at, Iliat 3 fff ; 24-17/252j.fln
j=j ~.g~ (2) (GSR 267-348)
I)at, I)iat
I)at, I)at
21-12 = K. 317 Mand. a
d
f9
hI
MC LHan OCM da, dai, dai c , dos, doh, das, OCB *liits tai thai c thas thas rn Sin Sukchu SR daj (*), PR , LR da; MGZY tay (*) [daj]; Sui-Tang da(i)C, ONW daC/ c [D] Y-Guangzh tai C2 , Taishan ai c ; K-Meix tha C tai thai c thas thas OCB *hliits = 2J-J3/316a [T] ONW thaC [E] ? TB *tay 'big' > WT mthe-bo 'thumb ' , Nung thE: 'big, large, great', Mikir the, kethe ' id. '; WB tay 'very'; Abor-Miri ta 'large' 1kawave dai da.i C das dats « lats ?) [E] TB: WT rlabs 'wave' thai C thas 1* penetT. tai thats 3li 21-14/27Ib Ji that that 1}:.. pass o. ta that dai, di diei c , dai c des, das des, das t\~i [E] TB: WB thit 'stocks for confinement' dl diei c des des shi ijai C dias das or des
"*
"*
*
if*-
'1*
21-13
= K. 316
a
*
21-14
= K. 271
a
~lamb
b
de
Mand. tai
tt(f
dai [T] Sin Sukchu SR 'waist' dai dl di ~ screen di hoard die ~go awaydi sheath shi ¥; zhi chi, zhl
• 1!
d e
b f
oeM thils
=21-121317a
*-
ril
RI
c
LHan thas
Me Mand. LHan oeM that that ta that The graph shows a sheep between the legs of a standing person. ~ reach da dat dot dat 3li 21-12/317fd\ [T] Sin Sukchu SR da (A); ONW dat [E] TB: LB *dat 'alive, to be'; Lushai d:J:Jt F / d:J?L 'to pierce, stick in, sprout up' ~ to a. frota that that 'go to and fro ' ti ta that that
21-15 = K. 315 Mand. a
Me thai c
rm
Me LHan oeM tai C tas tas R! OCB *tats taj ($:); MGZY day ($:) [taj]; ONW taC [EJ TB *ta:y, Lushai tai R taiC tiei C tiei C diei c diet diei c ijai C
tas tes tes des det des dies
~jaiC
~es
tshjajC, tsje B
tshas , tse B ?
233
tes [T] BTD Skt. dad-,drs
dets det des des dres thes, te?
21 21-16 = K. 336 Maud. ab cd
1lE:b
UZftim
21-17
= K. 335
ab
1jjU~
e d
III
21-18
= K. 334
MC zji:ii c zji:ii c
Jj ~~~ (2) (GSR 267-348)
LHau dias dzas
OCM dats dats
Maud. MC LHau OCM zhi tsji:ii c tsas tats or kets ? [f] Sin Sukchu SR t§i (*); MGZY ji (*) [t§i]; ONW tsei che ~shji:it, tshji:ii c ~shiat, tshias that(s) or *e? c j~ zhi kji:ii 3 kias kats or krets ? Maud. MC LHau zhi .
21-26 = K. 326, 340, 267 326a ~ 1 chai 267cd ~2 > 1.fW~ mai 267a wan [Tl Sin Sukchu SR
f-it3
Me ~haic mai c
LHan OCM ~has rhats OCB *hrjats mas mrats OCB *mrats C c mjwun muan mans '10000' vwan ("*), LR vwan; MGZY (khan » wan (1i-) [van); ONW muan
235
21
OCM *-at, *-a(t)s fj ~'15~ (2) (GSR 267-348)
340a ~ I hedge Ii IjaiC lias rats [E] TB: Tiddim g:l:lIF < *r:l:lls 'fence' rua C2 < *r- 'fence' ~2 drag Ii IjaiC lias rats OCB *C-rjats a ac ~3J1(i] Ii IjaiC lias rats 'cruel' OCB *C-rets - 29-25/532a ~ [E] TB: WT hrad-pa 'exert oneself, push violently, stem tide' [f] BTD Skt. re (Coblin 1993: 912) ~4 ford Ii Ijai C lias rats a [E) TB: WT rab(s) 'ford'; JP rap55 'to ford, cross a river' ab .5~ Ii IjaiC lias rats 'grind' d ~ Ii IjaiC lias rats (Baxter 1992: 404) [E] KT: PTai *tr-: S. taai A1 'to die', Saek praai 1 ef Ii IjaiC lias rats [f] MGZY Ii ($:) [Ii] [E]-> PTai *nl/r-: S. (Iek-)nai A2 , Po-ai lai A2 'bee's sting' 9 Uli, la, B Hii C, 1at, IjaiC lot/s, lias rat, rats, rats [E] Cf. TB: WT 'bras 'rice' ~ 'bras-bu 'fruit', Lushai ra?L < *ra? or *rah « *-s) 'fruit '
YlJm
fJ.;
*
21-27 = K. 318 Mand. MC LHan OCM ab 1~ nal nai C nos nas or nats Cf. Japanese (kara)nashi ~ . [f] BTD Skt. [Vara]Q.asf a nal nai C nos nas Starting with a few occurrences in Zuozhuang, *nas replaces ril ~O *nah < *naas in the Zhanguo period in the expression POfilJ ril he (Unger Hao-ku 22, 1983).
*2
21-28 = K. 337 The MC finals are ambiguous; in some words, the OC rime could have been *-at, in others *-et. Mand. MC LHan OCM a ~ sacrif. ji tsjiii C tsias tsats or tsets ~ a state zhai t~aic t~£s tsrats or tsrets C e W ji tsjiii tsias tsats [E] WB chap 'millet' f ~~ ji tsjiii C tsias tsats OCB *tsjats < *tsjaps [f] Sin Sukchu SR tsjej ($:), PR, LR tsi; MGZY dzi ($:) [tsi] [E] TB: WT c"abs 'together'; Garo tsap-tsap 'adjacent'; WB cap 'to join, unite', Kachin tsyap 'adhere' ~ sacrif. di tshai C tshos, tshats < k-sats, sos , sac sats OCB srats = 21-29/319a [f] Han BTD Pkt. sa~ a state zhai t~aiC t~£s tsrets h ~ zhai t~aic t~£s tsrets OCB *tsr(j)ets [E] AA : PVM *k-ce:t > Viet. chet 'to die'; PMonic kcgt 'to die' ~ k-r-cet 'to kill' ~ ch WT gsod-pa, bsad, Chepang sat-sa, WB sat, PL *C-sat, JP sat 31 ~ ga 31 _sat 55 'attack' ~~ reduce shai ~aiC ~as srats 'to diminish, reduce' ~Ij eha t~hat t~hat [f) ONW t~hat. BTD Skt. k~at-; Skt. k~etra 'place, seat , sphere of activity' sa sat sat silt srat or sret sha, she ~at, ~jat ~Et, ~et sha
~at
[TJ Sin Sukchu SR ~a CA.); ONW
9
B ~.g~
~at
m m:
21-30 = K. 275 Mand. ade b e
f
Me LHan OCM bo pwat pat pat ~ b6 bwat bat bat GSR writes the lower element as gong "" . ~ shoot fa pjwBt puat pat [f] Sin Sukchu SR fwa ( A ), PR, LR fa?; MTang pfar < pfuar, ONW puat [0] Min: Xiam col. pU'j'Dl, lit. huat D1 [E] Area word: TB-LB *C-pat 'vomit', WB phat, JP n31_phat31. AA: Mon pnoh 'bow' ~ poh 'to shoot with a pellet-bow' ~ splash bo pwat pat pat C neglect fei pjwBi puas pats = 21-31/2760 iJi.t( [E] Tai : S. bap4 'exhausted, worn out' II great fa pjwBt puat pat
~WHg:
II
21-31 = K. 276 Mand. a ba 7X. be h
9
f d e
o
j kIm n
o
JFft~
Me bwat bwat bwai c
LHan bat bot bas
Me pwat
LHan OeM pat < SkI. patra
oeM bat bat bats
ba bei 'thinned' OCB *bots R! = 30-18/50 If pei rrn ba bwat bat bat 'rise' ba bat bEt or bat brat? 'pull out' [f] MTang bar, ONW bat [E] TB: Lushai P:Jt L / p:J'j'L 'to pull, pull up, out ' halt ba bwat bot bat roots ba pwat pot pat [E] JP (n31-/niI)31-) pot 31 'root, origin' b:i pwat pat pat ba, fa bwat, bjwBt bat, buat bat, bat ba , bei bwat, bwai c bot, bas bat, bats fei pjwBi C puas pats =21-30/275f Jr1 fa pjwBt puat pat OCB *pjot R! [E] ? TB: WT phud 'hair knot, tuft of hair' j fa bjWBt buat bat t.i!:ZtJ.;(:1i( fu pjwdt put Pdt =30-18/50Ic 'Ffj ; = 30-l7/500k ~ mtt wand fu phjwdt phdt purify fu phjwdt phdt fei pjwBi C puas pats
W
Zt
:3t
tlX
21-32
liif
Mand. bo
237
[f] ONW pat
21
oeM *-at, *-a(t)s
21-33 = K. 307 Mand. fa {xr~
af
f3 ~{m
LUan buat buat buat bas
oeM bat
3t
bat bats
= 30-\8 / 501 1ft!j
LUan Me buat bjwBt fa [fJ MTang bvar < bvuar, ONW buat
OCM bat
= 2\-33 /307a {:)t
Me bjwBt {:)t [fJ MTang bvar < bvuar, ONW bjWBt fa ~ lush , . ,. I flutter pel, pel. bwili c
21-34 = K. 308 Mand. a
ill
(2) (GSR 267-348)
21-31 /276d ±&¥~
21-35 = K. 320 Mand. a
f
OCM Me LUan bei pwai c pas p ats [fJ Sin Sukchu SR puj Lushai peerL I per7L; NNaga pwe:r 'thin' be {ffii~ biilll pienc pen c pens R [E] ? TB: Lushai phiar < phiar? « -7) 'all, completely' bian-fu pien-pjuk pen-puk ;t; pian bien ben ben d ~ weave bian pien, pjian4 pen, pian pen, pen ~ 23-28/219 e [E] TB *pyar - byar > WT 'byor-ba - 'byar-ba 'stick to, adhere to'; Bahing phjer 'to sew'; Lushai phiarH < phiar 'to knit, plait'; LB *pan 2 'to braid, plait' f,;!jji arrange biflll bienB benB ben? 1i\jjj otter bian pien pen pen ffJ ONW pen [E] WB phyam 'otter' ji an animal pian phjian C 4 phian c phens B B fg 'I)@~ bilin pjiiin 4 pian pen? [f] MGZY byan U::.) [pjen] hjk i'1\jj J.jffl pIan phjian 4 phian phen iJj OCB *phin. ~ ff] ONW phian j& pian, phjian 4, phian, phen, bian pien(B) pen(B) pen, pen? pian bjiiin(B) 4 bian(B) m ben, ben?
!li9!M
m
249
23
OeM *-en
7G{f~ (1) (GSR 139-266)
LHan oeM Mand. Me 23-28 = K. 219 B B bil'lO pjan 3 pian pren? a :rtf bi~lO, bjan B 3, bian B, bren?, be ~J¥ [T) Sin Sukchu SR bjen (...t); MGZY pen (...t) [ben); ONW ban ban banc benc brens bi~lO bjan B 3 bian B bren? e ban banc benc brens f [T) Sin Sukchu SR ban (:t:); MGZY pan (:t:) [ban) [E) ST *brel: WT brel-ba 'be employed' benc bens bi ~lO * 23-27/246e benc ban
Me
#.IM*m
Mand. mian mian Mand. mian
Me
roof
23-29 = K. 225
$ ab-
23-30 ,...L,
23-31 a
bed
LHan mian
OeM
men
=23-32/223d
Mand. LHan oeM Me mian mjian C 4 mian c mens [Tl Sin Sukchu SR mjen (:t:); MGZY men (:t:) [men); ONW mian [Dl M-Xiam bjC2, YGuangzh minc, K-Meix mian c [El TB *s-mel >Lushai hmeel H 'face' ~ hmai R < hmai7, JP man 33 'face' 1OOmu#,oo mian mjian B 4 mian B men? t.i = 23-30/225a
lID
~ §i§ ~i1j
e
mjian 4
oeM
= K. 223
23-32 = K. 247 a D3 ~i1j b
mjian 4 mjian 4
LHan mian mian
1~
Mand. mian mian mian mian mian mian
Me mienB mien c mien c
LHan menB men c
mienBJc
menc men B/ C
mjian 4 mjian B 4
mian mian B
250
oeM men?
SW -~ mian men? , mens SW men?
24
oeM rime *-an
Yuan bu
Jttf~ (2)
GSR 139 - 266 Baxter 1992: 370 ff. (§10.1.1)
The rime *-wan is combined with *-on in rime 25. See Table 21-1 for OeM rimes *-an , *-at, *-ai in QYS categories. After acute initials, Me Div. III -jan has resulted from a merger of OC *-an and *-en, which are difficult to untangle. See Table 34-2 for Me Div. 3/3 without OC medial *r.
24-1 ae gkl cd m
j -
h f no p
=K. 139
-=fff
Mand. gan
MC
LHan kan
kan [T] ONW kon kiln gan kan kon kan -Pr:lif dan-gan tan-kan ton-kon tan-kan jian ! kan kan kan Mand. jilin has been transferred from the syn. jilin ~, unless Me kan is an *r-Iess variant. IT gan, jian kan, kjBn kan , kian kan, kan 24-29c rf,r *kian(?) - 24-23m ~ *tan(?) - 24-1 m ff *klin, *kan 'rice gruel' Hf1f!. gan kanB kanB kan? = 18-1/1 e t;lJ; 24-21140k ~ kanB kanB gan kan? kanc kane kans g~m khan khan kan khan C C khan khon khans DCB *khans 1fT C kan,kjBn,khan kan? name of a foreign country jian !lfFf~ han van gan gan HM h~m yanC ganC gans [E] WT 'gal-ba 'to oppose'; WB ka 'a shield, to ward off'; Lushai inL-kal?L < -kal?/h 'to withstand, oppose' tf ,~ him yanC ganC gans ff [D] PMin *gan C2 [E] ? TB : PKiranti *ghal 'sweat ' ff cuff han yanC gonC gans brisk gan kan kan kan ~ h~m yanB ganB gan? IDj! hu~m ywan B guan B gwdin? =25-19 II7t him yanC ganC gans jfj! gan 'pursue, overtake' an I]an c I]an c l)ans ~f~f an l)anc l)anc l)anS See also 24-15. [T] Sin Sukchu SR Ipn ($;); PR ?an; LR ?an; MGZY ngan (:t:) [lJan]; ONW lJon han xan B hanB hl)an? xuan! xjBn hian hlpn = 24-17/252
ff f~f
t1fH
Wf
Sf fU* :Iff
uv qz
tb' y
s j' h'i' c'd' e'
f' g'
OCM
t!¥-:t!f!
251
24
Jf 300a
'H
oeM *-an
JCf:fB
han xan [E] WT hal-ba 'to pant, wheeze, snort' jie kjut, kjiit 3, kjaiC The element T is also semantic.
(2) (GSR 139-266)
kiat, kias
kat, kats
24-2 = K. 140 a c
de k hij f m
Mand. Me LHan oeM g~lll kanc kanc kans ~ stem gan kan kan kan [T] Sin Sukchu SR k:m (-'1'), PR, LR kan; MGZY gan (-'I') [kanJ; ONW kun. [E] ST *kar: TB *kan > WB khanB 'dry up'; JP kan 31 'solidify, dry up'; Atsi k?an 'dry up' ~ heaven qian gjan 3 gian gan ~~ gan kanc kane kans ~ [T] Sin Sukchu SR bn ($;;), PR , LR kan; MGZY gan ($;) [kan] ~ gan kanB kanB kant = 18-1/1 e 'lij; 24-1I139j f~ ~lji&l:U han van gon gan ~ han yanC gonC ganA ! OCB *gans B huan ywan guanB gwan? = 25-19/2570 m; 'wash clothes'; ~ 25-5/161 ~ 'wash the hands' fj:axlecap guan kwanBjC kuanBjC kwan?,kwans =25-1/l57jtg fj: turn around ?wat ?uat The OC rime of these last words could be either *-wan or *-on, but an interchange in phonetic series between *-an and *-wan is more likely than with *-on because of parallel instances *-al) - *wal), while there is no interchange between *-al) and *-01).
t\
m
24-3 = K. 141 a d
~~ 11i'l
§
Mand. kan qian
MC khanBjC
LHan khanBjC
khjiin 3
khian
oeM khan?, khans khan
24-4 = K. 142 a
LUan oeM Mand. Me C C khan khan khans kan ~ [T] Sin Sukchu SR k';)n (-;ti:), PR, LR k'an; MGZY khan ($;) [k'an] [E] ? TB: WT mkhan-po 'professor, abbot'
24-5 = K. 143 a fi
~ ~~
*
Mand. han jian
e d.
Me van kjun B, kjan B 3 kjan B 3 kjan B 3
LUan gan kianB
OCM gan kant
jian kianB kant qian ! kianB kran? or krian? [E] ? TB: WT 'khyer-ba 'to take, bring, carry' 9 ~ qian khjan 3 khian khran h. qlan khjan 3 khian khran or krian = 24-29/197b fl,~ [E] ? TB: WT 'khyar-ba 'to err, go astray, deviate'
24-6
rn
Mand.
MC
LHan
OCM
Jlan kjun B, kjan B 3 kianB kant [D] PMin *kian B: Jian'ou kyel)BI, Fuzh kial)Bl, Xiam kiiiBI [E] AA: PVM *b:n 'son' ; Mon kon 'child'
252
[T] ONW yon
24 24-7
a 24-7A
24-8 a
cd f b g
h
=
K. 198
m
:r
oeM *-an
7G~~ (2) (GSR 139-266)
Mand. qian
Me gjan 3
gian
LHan
oeM gan
Mand. qian
Me khjan 3
LHan khian
oeM khran or khrian
m Ht
m
= K.
24-10 a
= K.
24-11
= K.
a
!Ji':
Me kan
LHan kan
= tit
oeM kran
144
146
Mand. Me LHan oeM an ?an ?an ?an [1'] Sin S. SR ?:m (.If-); PR ?an; LR ?an; MGZY 'an (.If-) [?an]; ONW ?an. MHan ~ $.J( ?an-tu::ln Antonius an ?an ?an ?an m~ an ?an c 7an c ?ans ~~ yan ?an C ?an C ?rans [E) TB: KN-Lushai ?aarH 'fowl', Tiddim ?aakM 'fowl' < *?aar ~ late yan nnc, ?anc ?anC , ?an C ?ans or ?rans C C bright yan ?an ?an ?rans
~}~,
Arsak;
'*
rest
h
Mand. jian
=.
Mand. Me LHan oeM xanBjC hanBjC han?, hans han ~ [N) Ace. to GSR 144 the graph is a semantic composit of r1 'sun' and jiiin 33-5/480 'calamity' (contra SW that considers jiiin phonetic). Since in the early development of the script elements were also chosen for their meaning , I follow Karlgren. ~ burn han xan B hanB han? respectful ran nzjanB nan B nan? OCB *njan? This is a loan application of the graph through confusion with 24-351152. hlin xan c hanc hans [N] The old type graph (guwen) consisted of 71 an ?an
[f) ONW ian, -an
?an han
24-15 = K. 145,186 MC LHan OCM 145a han xan c honc hI]ans 13 ge' an I)ane I)onc I)ans See also 24-\. [f) Sin Sukchu SR Ipn (*); PR tan; LR tan; MGZY ngan (*) [IJan]; ONW IJon 186a yan I)anc I)anc I)rans [f) ONW IJan [E) TB : WT IJaIJ-pa 'goose', WB l)an B PTai *han BI < *hl)- 'goose'
r
W
Hi
24-16 a
e
f 9
= K. 251 § speak
Mand. LUan oeM Me yan IJjBn I)ion I)an [f) Sin Sukchu SR jen (lj!.); MGZY ngen (lj!.) [I)cn); ONW I)an; Han BTD IJan -"-§I content yin IJjdn I)idn I)dn c n§ I)ianc yan I)ans or I)ran s IJjan 3 yin IJjen 3 I)in I)rdn ~ IJjdn, IJjen 3 yin I)in I)dn J§"
K. 252
24-17 a d
=
e
ik
h
fill
~
IN,
~
W
Mand. yan yan,yan
Me IJjBn C IJjBn IJjanB/C xjBn C
,oan =24-18/250a J&: yan IJjBn B, IJjan B 3 yan (!) IJjat 3 e I)ilt = 2 1-111289j; seeGSR 268
LHan I)ionc I)ion I)ian B/C hion c
oeM I)ans l)an,l)an?,l)ans
l)ion B I)iat I)ot
I)an? 'hilltop' I)at I)at
254
hl)ans
OCB *hqjans
24
oeM
*-an
7Cfi~ (2) (GSR 139-266)
24-18 = K. 250 Mand. )J a xi~1ll = 24-17/252e ~ xi~1ll c 11
Me xjun C
LHan hian c
oeM hI]ans
xjun C
hian C
hI]ans
24-19 = K. 199 ab ~~ c 00 d P~
Me J]jan c 3 I]an I]an c
LHan I]ian c I]an I]an c
oeM I]ans or I]rans OCB *I)rjans I]riin I]anS
//,
24-20 a
= K. 150
c
1M
ft
Mand. Y;1ll yan Y11ll
Mand. Me LHan tan tan dan [E) KT: KS *h-Ianc 'red' (Edmondson/Yang) zhan tsjan tsan
OCB *hjans
oeM tan
OCB *tan
tan
[f) ONW tsan
24-21 = K. 147 Mand. Me LHan oeM az ~l > ~ chan ijan dian dan 'cicada' a ~2 simple dan tan tan tan [f) Sin Sukchu SR tan (5jL); MGZY dan (5jL) [tan) ; ONW tan; BTD Skt. tar -h'iJi '''t'chan ijan dian dan Y .1-\1,;' a, J."t'sh;1ll ijan B dian B dan? C b' t!¥! cede shan ijan dianc dans Zen shan ijan C dianc [f) BTD Skt. dhyana ~ zhan tsjan C tsan c tans = 24-23/148s Ii'! r [f) Sin Sukchu SR t~jen ( ~ ); MGZY jyan ( ~ ) [t~jcn); ONW tsan; Han BTD tsan [E) TB: WT 'dar-ba 'tremble, shudder, shiver with fear or cold' ~ sdar-ma 'trembling' tsan B ~ a tree zhan tsjan B tan? s C coffin shan ijan dianc dans 1ff chan, zhan ts(h)jan B ts(h)an B tan?, than? m Off slow chan tshjan B tshan B than? than than Pff exhaust. tan than tshan B tshjan B uvx 1jJff~1Il chan than? tan tan 9 7.&1 dan tan tan tan tbij IMJjn~~ dan tan tanB tanB e dan tan? • dan, duo tanB !, ta C tanB, tai C tan?, taih n sff shoot tan dan dan dan [T) ONW dan [D) PMin *90n - *dan c 'to pluck ( a lute), 5~ pellet dan danc danc dans [E] TB *m-dan or rather *tal > JP n31-dan 33 'crossbow', Tiddim thal R < thaI? 'a bow' ; Lushai thal R < thaI? 'arrow, dart ' o 'If!! fear dan danc danc dans 't.~ exhausted duo ta C tai C taih = 18-8/3d e'h' fi~~ tua, tan da, dan dai, dan dai, dan d' ,W tua, tan da, dan, dai, dan, dai, dan, tien ten ten df tiei te te
1'-
255
24 c' p
zhf chan tan, chan
AA'i
~'-
~ 24-22
oeM
*-an
JC:g~ (2) (GSR 139-266)
tsje(C)
tsai(C)
~han
~hE:n
dan, zjan
don , dian
tai, taih thren dan, dan
= K. 149
9
Mand. Me LUan oeM tonC dfm tan C tans B [E] TB: Chepang dar?-do (place) 'of sunrise, in east' danB donB {§. dan dan? [T] Sin Sukchu SR dan (..1); MGZY tan (..1*) [dan]; ONW dan [E] ST *twar?: TB *t(w)ar > WT thor-bu 'single, separate' danB danB tan! dan? thanB thon B :J:B tan than? tat tot da tat '111.
24-23
= K. 148
ab c
Iff.
ac e
f d
B§,~
fEi.
= 24-231148g
Mand. Me LUan oeM tanB tonB dan tan? thanB {I thon B tan than? {I chan zjan dzan dan d tan dan dan dan e tan dan don [T] BTD Skt. dana a tree dan zhan-tan tsjan-dan tsan-don dan < Indic candana 1~t. danc donc f dan dans ~f. danB danB tan bare dan? [T] ONW dan 9 B zhan tjan ~ianB tran? single zhan ~ianC bare tjiin e trans tanB, danB tonC, donB dan tans, dan? #l [E] TB: WT star-ba 'tie, fasten' ~ dar 'silk, piece of cloth, scarf' zhan tjan B, tsjiin B ~ianB, tsan B tran?, tan? h g zhan tran 0an ~ian ~ difficult zhan tjan tran ~ian ~lianB turn zhan dran? 9jan B kln ~~JEI~ zhan tsjan tsan tan zhan tsjan(B) tsan(B) tan(?) or tian(?) < kian(?) ? *kiln, *kan 'rice gruel' 24-2 9c ~i *kian(?) - 24-23m fiI *tan(?) - 24-1 m o tl shan ijiin C dianc dans p~! shan zjan B dianB dan? qrs shan sjan san Ihan ?
:1:1 11
r.1 f! f!
IN
m"
n
fflllll
24-24 = K. 151 a ~
Mand. Me LUan oeM tan thanC thanC thans [E] WT thal-ba 'dust, ashes', Lushai taal R < taal? 'wood ashes, dust'
24-25 = K. 205 a ~
Mand. Me LUan oeM shan zjan B dianB dan? [T] Sin Sukchu SR ~en CC), LR ~en Lc); MGZY zhen (1:.) [~cn]; ONW dz.an [E] ? TB: Chepang dyanh- 'be good'
256
24 df
24-26
oeM *-an
7C:g~ (2) (GSR 139-266)
Jm~ shim zjanC dianc [T] Sin Sukchu SR ~en (*); ONW dzan ~ shan ijan C dianc [Tl MHan m~ dzanc-dzan B Cherchen (*Jarjan)
dans dans
K. 201
Mand. MC LHan oeM B a Ii unfold zhan tjan ~ianB tren? or tran? OCB *trjen? Ii robe zhan tjan C ~ianC trens or trans [Tl Han BTD tan [El WT rdal-ba, brdal 'to spread, unfold, extend over', WB tanB 'extend in a line, stretch out straight' )f ;;J-tan B 'line, row, duration, length' b!li zhan tjan B ~ianB tren? ! (Baxter 1992: 386) nian Ifjan B lfian B nren? or nran? c =
m
24-27 a
=
K. 202
24-28 a
=
K. 204
mt J!I
b c
= K. 197
a
~J
c
24-30 abc
d
oeM dran PHlai *r?uun' 'house' dran dran, drans
Mand. Me LHan oeM yan, yim jian B/ C jan B / C jan?, jans - 33-19/450k iJil [Tl ONW ian; Han BTD jan [E] TB: WT yar-ba 'to disperse, ramble, stray' qian khjan 3 khian khrian OCB khrjan = 24-5/143hg • bI.'!HiT zhan tsjan(B) tsan(B) kian, kian? [Xun] 24-2 9c ~i *kian(?) - 24-23m ~ *tan(?) - 24-1 m H *kan, *kan 'rice gruel'
K. 203 ~~m
=
~
ef 9
oeM thran?
Me LHan Mand. chan WT bzan ' food ' , gzan-pa 'to eat' Most words Mand. ~ damage can ~ accumul. qian can 7~ zhan ~
may have had OC *e rather than the default Div. III *a. Me LHan oeM dzan dzon dzan dzen dzien dzen dzan dzon dzan d~ans/c, d~ans/c ?, dzran?, dzrans or d~ans d~enB dzren? [E] ? Tai: S. raan C2 'machan, booth, stall, shop ' f~~ zhan tsan B tsen s tsren? B zhan t~anB, t~janB t~enB, t~ian tsren? ~Ij chan t~hanB t~henB tshren? ~ hoe jian tsjan B tsian B tsan? ~ coin qlan dzjan dzian dzan [f] Sin Sukchu SR dzjen (:>fl ); MGZY tsen (:>fl) [dzcn]; ONW dzian ~ shallow qian tshjanB tshian B tshen? [f] Han BTD tsh(i)an [D] PMin *tshiem B ~ flow jian tsien tsen tsen 'flow rapidly' ~ jian dzjan B dzian B dzan? ~ jiilO dzjan B dzan? OCB *dzjan? dzian B
24-41 = K. 155 a c d
ef h
k
o
259
24 p q m n s r
~ ~i ~ ~ ~ ~
ji1ln jian, jian ji~ln
ji~lll ji~lll,
jian
xi~lll
24-42 = K. 206 a a c £I
Mand.
OCM *-an
:nJf~ (2) (GSR 139-266)
dzian B/ c dzjanB , tsjan dzian B, tsian dzjan B/ C dzian B/ C C dzjan dzian c C tsjan , tsien tsian c , tsen C sjan sian c
dzan? , dzans dzan?, tsan
MC tshjan tshjan
LHan tshian tshian sIan sen , sian
oeM tshan tshan < k-san or tshen < ksan or sen = 24-45/193f {W sen, sen =23-21120ge oeM dzren or dzran dzran dzran?, or dzren?,
dzjanB/C
~
qian qian xian
M
xian
24-43 = K. 208 a b ~ cd ~d
Mand.
Me
LHan
chan chan zhan,
d~jan, d~an
d~ian
d~jan
d~ian
d~anB,
d~anR,
zhuan zhan
d~jwanC
d~yanC
d~anc,d~anB
d~anB
b
m
e
•
sjan sien, sjan
dzan? , dzans
[f] ONW dzian
dzans tsens, tsen
[T] ONW dzian
sans
=25-40/237e tJll
dzron s dzran?
Mand. 24-44 = K. 156 Me LHan oeM a ~ scatter san SanB sanB san? [TlONW son [E] TB: LB *san 'sow, scatter seeds' > WB swanB ' pour upon, cast out by pouring' ~ swan 'pour out, spill, shed ' ~ disperse san sanc sanc sans [T] MHan ~ ~ WT bgo-ba, bgos 'clothes, put on clothes' 3t gon-pa 'to put on, dress'
265
25
OCM *-on, *-wan
25-5 = K. 161 a
m
3t
LHan oeM Mand. Me guan kwanBjC kuan B, kuan C kwan?, kwans 24-21140m ~ 'wash'; 3t 25-19/2570 'wash clothes'
m
25-6 = K. 162 a b
Mand. kuan kuan [El TB *kwar > Lushai
Me khwan B khwan B khurH 'a hole,
= K. 165 Mand. Me ywan huan 165a ~ sheep ywan B smile huan 241h 23-2/241 h; - 25-19/257q khwan 165b j[ kuan
25-7
Jt
25-8
JG:g~ (3) (GSR 157-266)
= K. 166
a
m
25-9
= K. 187
a b
y~
Mand. huan
Me ywan
LHan khuan B khuan B pit, cavity'
OCM khwan? khwan? 3t khuarH id., Tangkhul Naga khur 'hole'
LHan yuan yuan B
oeM gwan gwran?
cr. 23-2
khuan
khwan
OCB *kWhan
LHan yuan
oeM gwan?
Mand. LHan Me oeM OCB *krons guan kwan kuan c krons OCB *kron guan kwan kuan kron ~ bar [Tl Sin Sukchu SR kwan (3jZ), LR kw:m; MGZY gwan (3jZ) [kwanJ; ONW kuiin [El -> PTai *kl:m A1 'rafter, latch on door' wan ?wan ?ron bend ?uan ~ Mand. MC LHan huan ywan C yuan C [El TB: LB *gywan 1 > WB kywan 'slave, servant'
25-10 = K. 188 a
w:
oeM grons
3t
25-11571
1'8
25-11 = K. 226 The rime MC -jwan 3 occurs also after acute initials, therefore I tentatively consider Me Kjwan to derive from *Kon, Kjwtm from *Kwan. Mand. Me LHan oeM B B kyan kon? a ;ff roll Juan kjwan 3 OCB *krjon? 'a rol\' [Tl Sin Sukchu SR kyen (1:); MGZY gyon (1:) [ky:ml [E] TB: Lushai hrual H 'roll up in the hand, twist' ;ff bend quan gjwan 3 gyan gon ;ff = e ~ quan gjwan 3 gyan gwren OCB *gWrjen 'handsome' ~ quan, khjwan 3, khyan, khon, e quan gjwan 3 gyan gon OCB *gWrjen 'handsome' bc ~~ juan kjwan C 3 kyan C kons d crooked quan khjwan 3 khyan khon C C juan kjwan 3 kyan kons ring fgh m~!IJg quan gjwan 3 gyan gon ~ [El Tai: Wu-ming klian C1 'roll, scroll' , Mun gluan C2 'roll up' fg:~:b Juan gjwan C 3 gyan C gons ij [Tl Sin Sukchu SR gyen C$;); MGZY kwyan ( ~ ) [gyen] op ~Hf huan ywan C yuan C grons
m
266
25
oeM
*-on, *-wan
7CifG gyon B, gyan B, gyen B k(h)yonB kyon B kyon B,
k
Elf! pig sty
juan
Elf! turn ar. m n
~
quan quan quan yuan quan
khjwunBfC khjwun B, ?jwun A ! khjwun C
?yon kyon C
Mand. juan
MC kjwan C 3
kyan C
Mand. juan
MC kjwan C 3
kyan C
ffl ~
25-11A
¥r&25-11B
f'f
gjwlmB, gjwan B 3, gjiwan B 4 k(h)jwun B
LHan
LHan
(3) (GSR 157-266) gwan?, (SSYP 307) gon?, (GYSX 409) gwen? kwan?, khwan? khwan? R! OCB *khjon? khwan?, ?wan = 25-18/ 261 khwans OCM kons
SW
OCM kons
SW
*
25-12 = K. 164 a fgjk
mn qr xy s
z
Mand. MC LHan OCM sjwan swan xuan syan [Tl BTD Skt. svara f~i13jgs hUlin ywan yuon wan tfi = 25-19/257n t'G rQ [Tl ONW yuon; BTD Skt. (nir)val)a; -varl)a; -panna; ;j:l:[ Skt. vana; ,%tH ?a-yuan *Awar ~g xiywan, huon, yuon, hwan, wan, huan hwan xjwun hyon :f:13Jrn jwun won wan yuan ogHg xjwun B xuan hyon B hwan? rr§'['§ xjwun B hwan? xuan! hyon B hyon(B) xuan, xuan xjwun(B) hwan, hwan? [Nl hUI is a ghost reading. ~ xuan xjwun hwan @ hyon 27 xuan sjwan syan swan .EL [El TB: LB *swan 2 > Lahu se 'sow, broadcast', WB swan B 'pour upon, cast by pouring'
B
;rg
25-13 = K. 167
GSR 167 includes 23-12 in this group, even though the graphs and rimes
are distinct. Mand. MC huan xwan C ywan C huan [Tl Sin Sukchu SR yw;)n (*); MGZY ywan huan ~ 25-121164m ;l:J[
abc f
~~~ ~
d
~
LHan OCM huan c hwans yuon C wans Xon (*) [y;)nl; ONW yuan yuon wan
25-14 = K. 255 ad
1
Mand. MC LHan yuan jwun won ~1~ huan ywan B yuon B ~ 1 xjwun(B) hyon(B) xuan [El ? TB: WT hoi-hoI 'soft, loose, light' xuan xjwun hyon iii l ~ yuan jwan wan ~ii
81
ik h
267
OCM wan wan? hwan, hwan? hwan wen
~
OCB *hwans
=25-19/257p $'G 'encircling wall'
25 f
;EJ
ring
yuan
= 25-19/257u
g
9J
e
:tl
m
~
ij
beauty embarr. pull succour
1:J2 B,i2
25-15 = K. 256
Ilft;
yuan yuan yuan yuan huan nuan
oeM
jwan C, jwun C 23-11 /256u jwan C jwun jwun jwun C
*ffi
25-16 = K. 163 ad
c b
e
AYe
~
rn:
M bent
ywan nwan B
wanc, wonc
wens, wans
wanc
wens wan wan wans wen or gwran non? [fl ONW nuon
wan wan wonc yuan nuon B
Me jwun jwun JP woi 33 jwun B
LHan wan won
oeM wan wan
~
won B
wan?
OCB *wjan?
U : ); MGZY xwyan
OCB *wjan
ct) [fiyen]; ONW uan
jwun C
wonc
wans
Mand. xuiin
Me xjwun
LHan hyon
oeM hwan
SW
Mand. wan huan huan wei
Me ywan ywan ywan C ?jwe 3
LHan yuon yuan yuon C lye < ?yai
oeM wan wan wans ?oi-
= 19-10/357a
ffi
DO
m
71:tf~ (3) (GSR 157-266)
GSR 829 and items starting with 256h belong to phonetic series 23-12.
Mand. abde ~~;ffl~ yuan yuan c [El TB *woy - (b)woy, yuan f far [f] Sin Sukchu SR yen leave yuan
25-15A
*-on, *-wan
25-17 = K. 260 Provisionally I assume OC *?on because this syllable is probably more common than *twan. Mand. Me LHan oeM a 57!:!. yuan ?jwun B ?yon B ton? ~ wan ?jwun B ?yon B ton? d rich fol. yuan ?jwun B ?yon B ton? OCB *?jon [f] Sin Sukchu SR ?yen (1:); MGZY 'wyan (1:) [?yen] w;:)n? obstruct yun jw;:)n B wun B
m m mpent up
c ek f bgj
h
yu ?jw;:)t ?ut ?ut = 31-4/495. [f] ONW ?ut ;9tH; resent yuan ?jw1mC ?yon C tons OCB *?jons ;9tH; enemy yuan ?jwun(C) ?yon(C) lon, tons ~~ yuan ?jwun lyon ton ~ wan ?wan ?uon ?on n~~ wan ?jwun B ?yon B ton? OCB *?jon? [fl MHan :f;::m doC-lyon or -lion perhaps Great Yavana = 'I6.ovE~ (Ferghana) yuan! ?jwun B ?yon B ton? B yuan ~wunB ?yon ton? [D] PMin *?yon B: Fu'an un B1 , Fuzh UOI)Bl, Xiamen I)B, lianyang yel)Bl 268
25
l§g mn
#g)J§E
0
1'78
p
~ ,m
q
~
r
~
yuan, wan wan wan wan yuan, yun yuan, yu yue, yu
oeM
*-on, *-wan ?jwun B, ?wan C ?wan C ?wan B ?wan B ?jwun, ?jw;m ?jwun B, ?jW;)t ?jwut, ?jW;)t
)C:g~ (3) (GSR 157-266)
?yan B, ?uan C ?uan C ?uan B ?uan B ?yan, fun ?yanB, ?ut ?yat, ?ut
?on?, ?ons ?ons ?on? ?on? lon, fun ?on?, ?ut lot, ?ut
= 22-7/273b ~
25-18 = K. 261 Mand. Me LHan oeM a yuan ?jwun ?yan ?on ~ [f] Sin Sukchu SR ?yen (3jZ); MGZY 'wyan (3jZ) [?yen] 25-19 = K. 257 After initials? and l) the Me rime -jwan does not occur, therefore IJJwrm can derive from oe *-on or *-wan. It is not clear which syllables represent oe *l)on, which l)wan. The OeM origin of the many Me ywan could be *wan, *gwan or *gon. Mand. Me LHan oeM a yuan IJjwun l)yan l)on OCB *Nkjon [f] Sin Sukchu SR I)yen (3jZ); MGZY xwyan (3jZ) [fiyen]; ONW I)uan This is probably the same word as 25-20/258 *I)wan}w, 'source', hence the OCM reading. -±:b d yuan IJjwun l)yan l)wan 7G ef yuan IJjwun, l)wan l)yan l)wan a~7L jJ! wan l)wan, l)wiin l)uan l)ron ~ 1O-11I124g *1)0 9 hi wan l)wan l)wan l)uan ltUIm l)wan(C) l)uan(C) wan j l)wan, l)wans tlG l)uanc kl wan! l)wan c l)wans m~ m wan ! ywan yuan gon OCB *fikon Possibly phonetic in 10-4/111 a Ja *kh6h r guan kwan B kuan B kon? ! =25-1I157h tg n huan ywan yuan gwan ! ~ 25-1211 64fff[ huan! [f] ONW yuan, QY also I)wanB/c o wash clo. huan ywan B yuan B gwan? = 24-21140m If 'wash'; ~ 25-51161 m'wash the hands' [E] TB: KN-Lai kho?1 'to clean (with water), p ~ huan, ywan C, yuan C, gwans, ! =25-131l67f~ [f] Sin Sukchu SR yw::m (:*); MGZY Xon (:*) [y::m]; ONW yuan wan l)wanB/c l)uanBjC l)wan?, l)wans % Cyperus hUlin, guan ywan, kwan yuan, kuan gwan, kwan q smile wan! ywan B yuan B gwan? ~23-2/241h ~ C u I:"u yuan jwan wan C wens
m
= 25-14/255f~; 23-12/256u
s
J&
kuan huan
khwan? gwran? ?
269
= 24-1/139j' IJlj!
25
oeM
*-on, *-wan
7G{f~ (3) (OSR 157-266)
25-20 = K. 258 Mand. Me LHan oeM ac yuan I]jwBn I)yan I)wan 'source' JJj{ > 1~ JJj{ a plain yuan I]jwBn I)yan I)wan ! OCB *IJWjan This is a later substitution for 25-21/259 JI 'high plain', g.Y. [T] ONW IJuan e yuan I]jWBn I)yan I)wan I)wan yuan I]jwBn I)yan J~ 9 I)yanc df yuan I]jwBn c I)ons OCB *IJjons ~ffii~ h~j)ffi huan ywan yuan gwan
WJ
25-21 = K. 259 Mand. Me LHan oeM I)wan a yuan I]jWBn I)yan ~ This is the original graph for 25-20/258 ®: 'high plain' (Duan SW 5152). 25-22 = K. 170 a
IT
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
duan
twan B/ C, dwan B
tuan B/ C, duanB
ton?, tons, don?
OCB *ton?ls OCB *fiton?
25-23 = K. 172 Mand. Me LHan oeM a twan c tuan c Bt hammer duan tons duanc duan dwan c torn dons twan c cd duan tuan c tOns ~I& [E] TB *tow (STC no. 317) > WT tho-ba - mtho-ba 'hammer (large)' 25-24 = K. 168 Mand. Me LHan oeM ad duan twan tuan ton -1m ftfM [E] TB: WT rdol-ba, brtol 'to come out, break out, sprout' duan twan, tsjwan B tuan, tsuan B tOn, ton? e fMU 'L1J~L1J fg duan twan tuan ton friJ]"rm thwan thuan tuan thOn frffi thwan(C) thuan(C) ~fM pig EY tuan thOn(s) tshjwan B II#ij to pant chuan tshuan B j thon?
k
1m 0
p q
§fM
chuan, chuan chuan frM~ wriggle chuan 'l'fM anxious zhui l#ij rui ! chuan, fffi chuai, duo [lffif chuf
zjwan, tshjwan C zjwan tshjwan B tsjwe C zjwe C tshjwan B,
dzuan, tshuan C
twaB
dzuan tshuan B tsuai c dzuai c tshuan B, t~hyaiB , tuai B
zjwe, zjwan tsjwan
dzuai, dzuan tsuan
don, thons don thon? toih doih thon?, tshroi? , toil doi, don ton
t~hjweB,
Ifilri
zhuan
25-25 = K. 231 a W locust?
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
yuan
jiwan 4
juan
Ion
270
[T] ONW tuan = 25-25/231c $J
- 25-28/171 W
=
25-28/171c
25
c
m
oeM *-on, *-wan
7C:g~ (3) (GSR 157-266)
zhuan tsjwan tsuan Walone [El MK : Khmer -tola /-taaol/ 'be alone, single' zhuan, tsjwan B, tsuan B, flU tmin dwan duon
ton?, don
= 25-24/168e #il~
turning m. chmi n femur chiln , zhun If, a fish A shuan If, a fish B shuan ~, duan, zhuan
25-26 = K. 232
Mand. Me LHan chuan tshjwan tshuan ffl Sin Sukchu SR t~'yen (:lJZ ); MGZY chwyan (:lJZ) [El TB: WT rtol-ba 'to bore, pierce, perforate'
a
~
25-27
= K. 233
a
ton
74
Mand. chuan
oeM than [t~ ' ycnl ; ONW tshuan
oeM than?
25-28 = K. 171
a b
e fg h
c d
The initials of some words are not certain. Mand. Me LHan oeM ~ pig SW tuan thwan C thuons ~ tuan thwan C thuons lhons f%< rafter chmin cnih 'a ghat, place of access to river. .. , landing place' beautiful ji tsiei B tsei B tsf? OCB *tsij? zf tsi tsi tsi zhai t~ai t~ei tsr1 chai d~ai dzei dzrf [E] Tai: S. raai A2 'set, category, list'
s"m r
p
n
~
o
~'f!if
v y
if Jfif
z
1'f!if
~'f!if
26-28 = K. 554 Mand. MC abc $Y.$~$ zi tsi B [E] TB *dzar > JP d3an 33 , Lushai d f$ zi tsi B t~iB f9 :SgJj$ zi hi f$trfj d~iC shi tsiei jf ~ tsiei B ji 5$ 26-29 = K. 555 Mand. acd *{~f.Yx ci [T] Sin Sukchu SR ij >5i.. ~ cf zf e I §-\S zf h ~ zf mn f~~ zf! zf >7( f zi j(.~' zf ~ grain 9 ji liquor k jf ~ cl ~
-B
fi
LHan OCM tsi B tsi? farR-nu L , Tangkhul gzar-va 'sister (man speaking)' tsi B tsi? OCB *tsjij? tsi B tsri? dzi C dzrih tsei tSI See 26-28/593t. tsei B tsi?
MC LHan tshi c tshi c ts'1 C*); MGZY tshhi dzi dzi tsi tsi tsi tsi tsi tsi dzi dzi dzi dzi tsi C tsi C tsi tsi dziei c dzei c tsiei tsei dzi dzi
OCM tshih < *s-nhis? OCB *tshjijs (~) [ts'1]; ONW tshi dzi OCB *dzjij tsi tsi tsi dzi dzi tsih tsi dZlh tSI See 26-28/593t.
282
26 oeM *-i, *-gi
26-30
=
m
§
26-31 af
=
9
g~ .g~
(GSR 547-605)
K. 1237m Mand.
LHan oeM Me Zl dzi c dzi c dzih [f] Sin Sukchu SR dZ1 ($:); MGZY tshi ($:) (dZ1]; ONW dzi This is the original OB graph for 'nose' 29-39 > bi .. 29-38/52Ic. See Intro. 6.2. 1.
K. 594
Mand. Me LHan oeM xf Slel sei sf « snf ?) OCB *Sgj = 26-26/5921 t1l' [T] Sin Sukchu SR sjej (.If), PR, LR si; 'Phags-pa: MGZY si (.If) (si] ; ONW sei [N] xf is sometimes thought to be phonetic in ~ *ng 4-39/946 ~ sprinkle sa, shai ~ai B ~£iB sri? [T] ST *sri: Lushai hriL / hrikF < hriih / hriik 'to sift, screen ' ~ wash xiiin, XI sieiB, sienB sei B, senB si?, sfn? =33-25/478j 6t [f] ONW sei [E] ST *sil: TB *(m-)sil- *(m-)syal > WT bsil-ba 'to wash', Lushai sil R , WB tshe B 'to wash', Mikir iI)thl(?), JP IggJsin 'wash' sinB Og9 shen sjen B nhin? ! ~ 26-l9/560i ~51
iffi 199
26-32
= K.
a
J¥
LHan oeM Mand. Me xf Slel sei sl Acc. to SW 3787, this graph means 'to wait ' and shows a person sitting F on the phonetic xfn ~ *sin; the word is a semantic extension of xf *sgi 26-31/594f 'roost, keep still'. Because of its meaning, the graph P-t was then borrowed for a synonym chi ~ *dri 'to wait'. P-t XI is therefore not phonetic in ~ . J¥ (SW 3787) and the homophone XI ~ *sl 26-33/596a 'rhinoceros' (SW 540) look nearly identical in the seal script, so that these two graphic elements are used almost indiscriminately to write the words of GSR 595 and 596, which are here combined into 26-16. 595
m
oeM LHan Mand. Me 26-33 = K. 596 XI Slel sei Sgl OCB *Sgj a ~ See Intro. 9.2.2 [f] ONW sei [E] ST *Sgj: WT bse 'rhinoceros' For the remaining items written with this element in GSR 596, see 26-16. 26-34 ab
= K. 557
26-35 a
=
26-36 a
= K. 559
Mand. Me LHan oeM sf si si si [T] Sin Sukchu SR sl (: WT 'chi-ba < *Nsi, si Mand. Me LHan oeM shf ~i ~i sri OCB *srjij [T] Sin S. SR ~i (:lj7.), PR, LR a; MGZY shhi (.If) (a]; BTD gffi f lJ Skt. srI ; MHan J!tBmfiis-~i Nesef Shl-Zl ~i -tsiB ~i-tsigB [E] Tocharian A sisiik, B ~ecake ' lion'
3Hmr gf!j
shii, shf ~ [fJ Sin Sukchu SR ~i,
~i ~aj
(.If), PR
a; MGZY fJ shhi ( 'Jl ) (a] [D] M-Amoy thai AI
283
m~.g~ (GSR 547-605)
26 oeM *-i, *-;)i
26-37 ab
K. 565 Mand. Me LUan oeM ~1t bi piB 4 piB pi? The old form of this graph is distinct from 26-38/566.
=
26-38 = K. 566 an
t: > y!t
Mand.
Me
LUan
'spoon'
oeM
bi piBjC 4 piBjC pi?, pih OCB *pjij? The old form of this graph is distinct from 26-37/565 . [E) ST *pi: TB *P;)Y or *piy > WT ?a-phyi, phyi-mo 'grandmother' ~t pin, bjien B 4, binB, bin?, ONW biin bi biB 4 biB bi? [E) TB *pwi(y) 'female' > Lushai pUi R < pui? 'a grown female' bi phji B 3, pji B 3 phiB, p(h)ri??, B B phje 3 phie phai? or phre? ? [E) ? TB : WB ;)_phe B 'scab over (head)' Jt pi phiB 4, phiB, phi?, [E) TB: Lushai pei?L 'to finish ' phe? phjie B 4 phie B
18
k 9
qr
it compare bi piB 4 piB pi? [f) Sin S. SR pi C1:.), PR ~j, LR pi; MGZY bi (...t) [pi]; MTang pi, ONW pii; BTD Skt. bhi it combine bi piC 4, bi c 4 piC, bi c pih, bih [E) ? ST *prel: WT 'brel-ba 'to come together, join, hang together' it tiger skin pi bi 4 bi bi t!t 1*tt grain bi
piB 4
piB
pi?
[E) ? ST *pi(?): Lushai pi H < pii 'short and small for one 's age, stunted growth '
q
t!t2
comb
bi
bi c 4
[E) ? ST: WB phriB - phiB 'to comb, brush'
m
;fJ:t spoon
p
J:fE
#Jt silk
v
a'
d'
s
piB 4 piC 4
piB piC
pi pf,
phiB 4 phiB phi 4, phjie, phi, phie,
pi? pih
:bE
jo!t
ott
{It
pi bi 4 bi pi bi 4 bi [E) WT 'phel-ba, phel (OTib pheld) 'to increase, ~ bi bi c 4 bi c :f~~ bi biei B bei B ugly
u y
b'c '
= 26-37/565ab
phi? phi, phe, bf piei pel pI pi bjie, bi c 4 bie , bi c braid bih R! bi ~!t pi bi 4 bi herb pi bi 4 bi bi cover bi pi(C) 4? pi(C) pi, pih OCB *bjijs slap pf phiei phei phI knock ag o pie biet bet bIt pi phjie B 4 phie B phe? 1lt pi phic 4 phic phih [E) TB *pwe ?: Limbu phe-ma, Mikir kephe, Naga *b-woy3, Chin *woy-s4, Lushai voi? ~!t!l¥¥ pf-fu bj 4-bj;)u bi-bu bi-bu ' large ant' separated pi phiB, biB 3 phiB, biB bri? error
z
bi bi
mlt
284
bi bi OCB *bjij augment, enlarge, improve, develop' bih bi?
26 oeM *-i, *-;)i e' f'g' h'
~~{f~
(GSR 547-605)
m navel
pi
bi 4
bi
bi < bJi ?
g~ g' stom. g~ navel ~gg
pi pi pi
bi 4 biei bi 4
bi bei bi
bi < bli? 'stomach' [TlONW bei bf < bli ? bi [El TB: WT dbyi 'lynx'
[n BTD Skt. -mi, -pita. [El KT: PKS * lwa l 'navel' , Mak ?daai 6 , PT *?bl/r-: S. sa-dii AI
26-39 = K. 598 Mand. MC LHan OCM a m! miei B mei B mil OCB *mij? [fl Sin Sukchu SR mjej (1::.); MGZY mi PTai *kii c 'several, how many' > S. kiiBl, Saek kiP small jf kjei kii bi hem qf gjei gii ggi ~~~ jf kjei kii bi ~ auspic. jf kjei kii bi a drink ji kjeiC kii c bih ~ ji kjeiB kiiB kgi7
mfew
m m cde f
kh~i7
=27-2/548j :lIJ\!
27
h
!ltm louse
ji
oeM *-;}i M:g~ (1) (GSR 541-605) kjeiB
kiiB
bi?
[E] ? TB-KN *m-kei 'to bite'
leech qf gjei gii [D] PMin *ghi > Fuzh maA2_khiA2, Xiamen g:)A2_khiA 2; Yue Guangzh khei A2-na B ij k
~Ifi ~
jf kjei kii jf kjei kii [E] TB: WT bkres 'be hungry', 1P kyet 31 ' hungry', ~ jf ! gjei gii
27-5 = K. 550 ';{s( clothes a rrJ Sin ';(s( wear 11X lean on f metaphor ~ 9
Mand. Me yf ?jei Sukchu SR ?i (1Z); MGZY yi ?jeiC yf yi
?jei ?jei B ?jei B
LHan oeM ?ii ?;}i ?i (1Z) [?i] ; ONW ?i ?ii C ?;}ih ?ii ?ii B
?;}i ?;}i? ?::li? ?::li?
?~i
j h
if[
yi yi
?jeiB
?iiB ?iiB
R
iii
?~i
bi
27-6
=
Mand.
Me
LHan
ag
xf xJel hii [T] Sin Sukchu SR xi ( 1Z); MGZY hi (1Z) [xi] xjei xf '~,ffi- rwz xjei(B) ~~ Xl, Xl
K. 549
*rm affi
be d ef 1237k f.;ffi fine cloth chf
27-7 = K. 1237i Mand. embroid . zhl
Wl
bi k;}i Chepang kray- vb. ' hunger' , Mru krai g;}i
Me
LHan
~iB
? ~ 27-611 237k f.$ ; ~ 26-16/595h ~If; ~ 29-15/413
oeM tri?(ortr::li??)
t.l&
27-8 = K. 579 Mand. Me LHan oeM ad fei pjwei pui p::li ~Fm [T) Sin Sukchu SR fi (1Z), LR fi ; MGZY h(w)i (1Z) [fi] ; ONW pui pui(C) pjwei(C) rei p::li , p;;>ih ~~r 9 [E] ? TB: WT phyar_kha ' blame, affront, insult' pUiB pjwei B e rei p::li? ~ B pUiB p;}i? cf pjwei rei ~m B B phjwei phui ph;}i? hi rei t~F~ phjwei phui ph;}i j fei $ phjwei phui ph;}i k ,~jF run fei p;}i horse fei pjwei pui phui B phjwei B ph;}i? ~ a plant rei phjwei phui fragrant fei ph;;>i sandal bjwei C b;}ih bui c fei bjweiC fei mno ~FU~J$ bui c b::lih C c rei ! bjwei bui p ~ih ~ b;}i q fei bjwei bui
mr
287
*?~j
h::li h;}i , h;}i? thr;}i
~iB
OCB
?~27-711237iV!'ff
27 fei, lei lei
r
s u
OCM *-;:)i 1~.g~ (1) (GSR 541-605) bjweiC, pjwei B bjweiB/C
bui c , puiB bui B/ C
b;:)ih , p;:)i'i' b;:)i'i', b;:)ih
bei pji 3 pi pr;:)i [T] Sin Sukchu SR pi ( :if); PR Pdj; MGZY bue (:y) [pue] pai bw~ i b;:)i b~i
vx
pai
27-9 a
= K. 580
27-10
= K. 581
a
~2 wife
m
biii
bei
OCB *prjdj
br~i
Mand. Me LHan oeM fei pjwei pui p;:)i [T] Area word : TB *pur - *pir > WT 'phur-ba 'to fly ' Mand. fei
Me phjw;:)i
LHan phui phu;:)i c
OCB *pjdj
oeM ph;:)i
match pei phw~ic ph~ih or ph~s [N] Pei ' match' is transferred from a partial syn. pei me 30-12/514
27-11 = K. 582 a m~
Mand. Me LHan oeM fei, bjwei, bui, b;:)i, [T] Sin Sukchu SR vi (:>jZ), LR vi ; MGZY H(w)i ( :>jZ ) [vi] ; ONW bui [D] PMin *byi. ? Tai *bii A ' fat' (CH loan?)
27-12 = K. 353 a
*-
LHan Mand. Me oeM hUQ xuil B huai B hm~i? R ! OCB hmdj? [T] Sin Sukchu SR XW:l ct); MGZY hwo WT me, OTib. smye; Chepang hme?; LB *?mey 2 [Matisoff], WB miB, Lushai mei R < mei? See Intro. 4. I .
27-13 = K. 546 ab
Mand. Me LHan oeM mei mWi.ll m;:)i m::l! & [T] MK: OKhmer mek [meek] 'branch, bow, limb, twig '
;j)(fj(
27-14 = K. 567 a
gfd
See Intro . 5.2 .3 and Rime 28 for the Div. 3/ 3 OC u for aCB medial *r.
Mand. eyebrow mei J§ vigorous mel =27-15/585a ~ mei il~!§~ mei ~I
J§
27-15 = K. 585 a
Mand. weI See Intro. 5.2.3 and a gorge men
If vigorous j!f
OCB *mdj
Me mji 3 mjwei B mji 3 mji C 3
LHan
oeM
mt mui?
mu! m::li?
mt
mui muih
mf c
OCB *mrjdj [T] ONW mi OCB *mjdj? OCB *mrjdj
Me LHan oeM mjwei B mui B m::li? = 27-14/567a J§ Rime 28 for the Div. 3/ 3 OC u for OCB medial *r. mU::ln m::ln m~n OCB *mdn
27-16 = K. 568 a ~
Mand. Me LHan oeM mui'i' OCB *mrjdj? mel mji B 3 mt B [T] Sin Sukchu SR muj Lushai m:liH, Kachin moi
288
27
oeM *-gi ~.g~ (I) (GSR 541-605)
27-17 = K. 583 a ~
cd e
Mand. Me LHan oeM weI mjwei B mui B mgi? OCB *mj;:)j? [T] Sin Sukchu SR vi U:.); MGZY wi (.1:) [vi); ONW muiB [D] PMin *mye B [E] TB *r-may 'tail' > PL *?-mri2, WB mriB; KN-Aimol r;:)mai; Lushai mei R < mei? ~ftlUftt wei mjwei B mui B mgi? B ~ hur xjwei hui B hm;:)i?
27-18 = K. 584 !!il--r a I vA.
dfg g
h
Me LHan Mand. oeM wei mjwei ! mUI mgl OCB *mj;:)j ~ii weI mjwei mui m::li ~ [T] Sin Sukchu SR vi (¥): MGZY wi (:'jZ) [vi!; ONW mui mel mji B 3 mi B mui? =27-l6~ See Intro. 5,2,3 and Rime 28 for the Div. 3/3 OC u for OCB medial *r. 5%, I;r;x. rope hur xjwei hui hm::li [E] Tai: S. mai A I < *hm- 'thead, silk' 1~ signal hUI xjwei hui hm::li [E] TB: WB hmwe c 'whirl about, twirl', Lushai hmui R < hmui? 'spinning wheel'
27-19 a
= K. 572
27-20 a
= K.
Mand. MC LHan oeM hur xjwei B hui B (hm::li?) B B hur xjwei hui hW::li? thunder exhausted hur xw~i, xwai hU::li, huei hnli The graph was probably borrowed later for ER 'snake' and replaced it.
mg
£R
snake
= 27-20/1009 $ OCB *huj
1009 Mand. MC LHan oeM B B snake hur xjwei hui hm::li? =27-19/572)~ [E] TB *m/b-ru:l > WT sbrul < s-mru/?, LB *m-r-wiyI, KN *m-ruul, Lushai ruul H < ruul
289
28
oeM rime *-ui, *-wai
Wei
bu
11:g~
(2)
GSR 541- 605 Baxter 1992: 446 ff. (§ 10.1.8)
See Table 26-1 for OC rimes *-i, *-;}i, *-ui and *-;} in QYS categories. See Table 31-1 for a comparison of OCM *-ut, *-W;}t, *-wit, *-ui, *-u(t)s, *-w;}i, *-W;}(t)s, *-wi(t)s. See Intro. 5.2.3 for more about the removal of OCB medial *r in MC Div. 3/3 syllables. The OCM coda *-i in diphthongs behaves like a final dental consonant, hence a strictly phonemic transcription would write it as *-j, as in OCB (*-aj, *-;}j, *-uj). Table 28-1: OCM rimes *-un / -w;}n, *-ut and *-ui / -w;}i MC
*-un / *-w;}n R.34
*-ut R.31
III gr
~ kjw;}n kun *kw;}n
!W kjwei kui *kw;}i :I: kjwei C kus *kw;}s
~ jw;}n wun *w;}n
III gr
-
3/3 gr
mgjwen 3 guin
III ac
B
B
*gun?
:'€f t§hjwen t§huin *thun ft jiwen B juin B *jun?
*-ui, *-u(t)s / *-w;}i R.28, 31
-
§\IJ jwei C wus *W;}s
ft±i khjw;}t khut *khut
-
~ gjwi3 gui *gui II gjwi C 3 guis *gus
-
tfj t§hjwet t§huit *k-hlut
mE zwi
dzui *dui
Note to Table: (I) Ace. to Gao You, the reading of jiin 1£f gjuen B was similar to lun tliflljuen (see Coblin 1983: 232). This can confirm either Baxter's medial *r hypothesis (jiin < *grun?); or it could mean that the final of jiin was similar to lun (MC -juen, not -ju;}n). All else being equal, the second interpretation is less complex (i.e., adds no phoneme in OC) and is therefore preferable for OCM for the time being. Incidentally, this comment by Gao You illustrates the frequent ambiguities of such glosses and their doubtful value for a firm basis for reconstruction. (2) Wei ill. jwi 3 derives from OCB *(w)r::lps as Baxter explains the MC ch6ngniil Div. 3/3 by loss of an OC medial *r. However, if, according to my interpretation (see main text), gui II MC gjwiC 3, LH guis derives from OCM *gus, then wei ill. MC jwi 3 should derive from LH wis < wuis, < OCM *wus. Similarly, as kuffl gjwi 3 derives from LH gui, < OCM *gui, so wei rIt jwi 3 should derive from LH wi < wui, < OCM *wui, in contrast to wei ,It MC jiwi 4 < OCM *wi; and wei ~ jwei, LH wui < OCM *w::li.
In some syllables with initial velars and the assumed OC rimes -ui, -ut/s, -un, Div. 3/3 abounds, it is almost exclusive. According to Baxter, these had all medial *r. Thus he has seven syllables of the type *kruts, but only one *kuts. This is rather odd. As Div. 3/3 also can derive from OC vowels (-je 3/3 < *ai, jau 3/3 < *au), I suggest that this is the case in these rimes as well:
290
28
OCM *-ui, *-w;)i 1¥&.g~ (2) (OSR 541-605) Div. 3/3
Div. III MCjw;m MC kjw;)n MC kjweiC MC kjwei
< oeM < oeM < OCM < oeM
*w;)n *kw;)n *kw;)(t)s *kw;)i
MC kjwen 3 MC kjwi C 3 MC kjwi 3
< oeM *kun < oeM *ku(t)s < oeM *kui
Thus MC kjwen 3 behaves in a way that is parallel to MC kjwan < *kon (Rime 25). Also, the syllables *w;)n tend to occur with MC final -ju;)n « *-w;)n), not with MC -jwen 3 « *-un). In a short-stopped syllable with final *-t, and in syllables with initial ?-, there is no III ~ 3/3 contrast, only Div. III. Therefore I assume OC *-ut rather than *-W;)t:
cf.
28-1
< OCM < oeM < OCM < oeM < oeM
MC kjw;)t MC tsjwet MC ?jW;)t MC ?jw;)n MC?jwei
= K. 569
See Intro. 5.2.3 and comment above for the Div. 3/3 OCM u for oeB medial *r. Mand.
a
9
de f h q
In r
j k
s
Me
LHan
oeM
gUI kjwei B kui B kw;)i? [f] Sin Sukchu SR kuj (..1::.); MGZY gue (1::) [\eue]; ONW kui [D] PMin *kyiB khw~iC, khu;)i c , khwgih, ~ 31-3/5IOa kui, kuai khwiii c khuci c khrwgih [f] Sin Sukchu SR k'waj, k'uj (*), LR k'waj; MGZY khue (*) [k'ue] 1t~ gUl kw~i ku;)i kGi =28-6/600e f~ It kuf khW~i khu;)i khGi yw~iB hui gGi? kjwi(C) 3, kui, kuih gUl, ~* C yu;)i yw~iC hui gGih grGi hmii yw~i, ywiii yu;)i, yuci kjwi C 3 kui c kuih kui gjwiC 3 guih [Meng] kui gui C = 31-2/5401 t; [Shu] wei I)W~j(B) I)U;)j(B) I)ui OCB *l]uj wei IJ.iwei(C) l)ui(C) I)w;)i, I)w;)ih or I)W;)S [f] MHan ?a-l]ui c < ?ai-l]w;}is (?) rrnJ~ Tocharian B ankwa~ 'asafoetida' wei, wei IJ.iwei I)ui I)wgi IJ.iwi 3 I)ui ~ 28-3112375 !If wei 'Buffalo' [Erya] [E] ? TB: *Iwaay 'buffalo', JP ?u 33 -loj33, l]a 33 -loi 33 (l]a 33 'bovine')
Bi
28-2
= K. 570
a
1m
9
*kut *tut *?ut *?un *?ui
Mand.
MC
LHan
OCM
gUl kjwei kui kw;)i [f] ONW kui. Guf generally rimes with *-w;}i in Shijing. khjwi(B) 3 khui(B) khui, khui? kUl
291
28
28-3 s
28-4 abed ef
=
oeM *-ui, *-w;:)i mz.g~ (2) (OSR 541-605)
K. 1237s See Intro. 5.2.3 and the comment above on the Div. 3/3 OCM u for OCB *-r-.
OCM MC LHan Mand. ~ kUI gjwi 3 gui gui !tf kUI gjwi 3 gui [E] Area word: PTai *ywai A 'buffalo'; Sui kwi A2 < *gwi A 'buffalo'
K. 542 Mand. hui @]~~1@] 1@1 !I!@J hUI
=
* 28-1/569 m
Me yw~i
OCB *W;)j
[T] ONW yuai
yw~i
*III
K. 571,342 Me LHan oeM wei jwei wui w;:)i OCB *wj;)j [T] BTD Skt. ve- (Coblin 1993: 907) [E] TB: Lushai veel F 'go around, surround'; Siyin vii 'watch' AA. MK *wI;)I: Khmer viala /wfi;)l/ 'to turn, move around' ~ wei jwei wui w;:)i OCB *wj;)j d [T] ONW ui; BTD Indic veho.1I] wei jwei wui w;:)i fjkp {t1:J~tf*:f@ wei jwei B wui B w;:)i? B B q. weI jwei w;:)i? OCB *wj;)j? wui [E] TB *hwa-t > WT 'od w;:)i? OCB *wj;)j? wui B wei jwei B n ~ B w;:)i? wui B wei jwei m ~ bind w;:)ih wui c weave wei jwei C ?iai ?ai yl ?je 3 r:fl hUI XJwel hui hw;:)i "-Do. s ~ij!. hui xjwei C hui c hw;:)ih [E] TB: Lushai ui H < lui 'to regret, dissuade, forbid' MK: Khmer vel) /w6h/ 'to quit, leave, avoid, shun ... ' 342a wei jwi:ii c was wes OCB *wrjats The element # is partially semantic. [T] ONW uei; BTD Skt. -vas(ti), -vas[tu], -vasa, -pa s(yin), vatara wes wei jwi:ii c was f C ywai ywas wes wei Ii 9
28-5
ag
=
tt
WI
•
K. 600
28-6
=
a d
~
C
'I'
~
e
f~
28-7
=
h
*
Mand. huai huai, guai, huai huai gUI
K. 1240h Mand. guai
Me ywai ywai C , kwai c ,
kw~i
yuei ku;:)i
oeM gnli gnlih, krfiih, gfii? grfii kfii
Me kwai
LHan kuei
oeM krfii
yw~iB
ywai
LHan yuei yuei C , kuei c , yu;:)i B
292
OCB *fikrujs [T] ONW yuei OCB *krujs OCB *gruj =28-l/569de 171;:Et
28
oeM *-ui, *-w~i ~.g:~ (2) (GSR 541-605)
28-8 = K. 1239a Mand. a
Me hui xjweiBjC The OC initial could also be *hm-.
-ff
28-9 = K. 573 a
~ rJI~ i1J~
LHan huiBjC
oeM hwai?, hw~ih ?
oeM ?uih
Mand.
Me
LHan
wei wei
?jwei C ?jwei C
?ui C ?ui C
wei
?jwei B, ?w~iB
?ui B, ?uai B
wei wei
?w~i
?uai
?ui
?w~iB
?u~iB
?Gi?
28-10 = K. 574 a &X: d ~
Mand. wei
LHan ?ui
oeM lui
wei
Me ?jwei ?wiii
?uei
hGi
28-11 = K. 575
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
d
aef ghu
* \9- 10/357f ~
?Gi?
OCB **?juj [Tl ONW ?ui
See Intro. 9.2 .6.
1£1 > l~fEt~ zhUI tswi tsui tui [El ST *twil ( ?): WT mchil-ba 'a little bird' . See Intro . 9 .2.6. tswi tsui tui ZhUI ~Imni dui zwi dzui ShUI, shei
rs
mE mtij
y
1t
z
:It
a'i'
*
b'
OCB *?juj(s) [Tl ONW ?ui
?uih ?ui?,
chul
~wi
zhi
~ic
drih
dUI tw~i tuai Wi [El PTai *?dllr:)jA: S. d:):)i AI 'mountain', Saek r:):)yAI dUI tw~iC tu~iC tuih
mfi
tUI, chul
~l
dui
an
1£2
o
#-1£
IlfE
drui diC
'HE
thw~i , tshwi thu~i, tshui dw~iB duai B jiwi 4 wi
=28-12/543a 1;1 [El PY *tui 'pestle'
thui, thui
OCB *thuj
dui?
OCB *duj?
wei wi OCB *wjij See Intro. 9 .2.6. [Tl Sin Sukchu SR vi (3]L); MGZY ywi (3]L) [yiJ; ONW iui; Han BTD Skt vi [El TB *w::JY > LB *w::JY 'to be' wi wi [Tl BTD Skt. vi, pi wei jiwi 4
wei jiwi 4 wi wi OCB *wjij jiwiB wi B wi? wei tshwi B tshui B tshui? out and in cUI =e' jiwiB 4 wi? wei (yao) wi B SUI swi SUI swi wei jiwiC 4 wi c wih [El AA : PAA *ruwaj > PVM *m-r:):j 'a fly', PMon *ruuy 'housefly', Khmer Irujl 'a fly ' roj/ ' dart here and there .. ,' !1!fE monkey wei, wei, jiwiC 4, wih < r-wih ? OCB *Iiijs lei, you IjwiB, jiau C rui?, juh < wuh = \3-3711246c only
yes
g'
v h'
q m
601a d 1237u
rm
$ III
§ft1ltll
575e'iIl
jwi 3 ywiii
wi
huai
yuei
wi'
hUI
yw~iB
yuai B
gwi"?
hUI
xjiwi 4 tshwi B
hui tshui B
hwi
wei
cUI
293
wri or wui ?
tshui?
=1
*/
28 d'l'
j' k'
*11 11 11
28-12 = K. 543
oeM *-ui, *-w:::>i fj!&.:g:~ (2) (GSR 541-605)
«
cuf
dzw~i
OCB *dzuj
tshw~i
dzu:::>i tshu:::>i
dzGi
cuf
tshGi
OCB *tshuj « *Sthuj ?)
cUI
tshw~iB
tshu:::>i B
tshGi?
Mand.
Me
LHan tu:::>i
oeM Wi
LHan
oeM
11
*Sduj?)
hi
= 28-11 /575z 1ft duf tw~i zhuf trui ~wi ~ui [E] ? TB-Lushai chui H < chui 'to track, follow a trail', Chepang dyul- ' follow a trail...' tu:::>i ~ carve duf tui tw~i 'pestle' [SW] dui chul i
rui?, rui
d
~ ~
lei
IjwiB
luiB
rui?
eg
~&
a
hik
lei IjwiB luiB rui? [E] TB *(s-)rwey 'cane, creeper', Lushai hrui R 'a creeper, cane, rope, cord, string'; OKuki *hrui (Kom) 'rope', WB rui B- 'kind of creeper, tree', Mru rui 'rope' ~~t* lei IjwiB luiB rui?
1iJ
11 -I:
Iw~iB
rui? = 28-J6/545a ~ rui, rui?
lw~i(B)
lei
no
ltm
p
it:
sf
**~
lu:::>i
rui
lei lw~i lu:::>i rUl OCB *C-ruj [T] Sin Sukchu SR b (3jI); MGZY lwo (¥) [Iw:)]) [D] Mand. Jinan luei 32 ; Y-Guangzhou Il'ly21; K-Meix lui", PMin *lh(u);}i: Jianou SOCI lei ! lw~ic, Ijwi I u:::>i c , lui rGih, rui [E) TB-Lushai r:Ji?L < *r:Jis 'be weak, worn out, fade, diminish'
lei Ijwi MTang lui, ONW lue ~ bind lei Ijwi accumul. lei Ijwe B implicate H:i Ijwe C naked lub Iwa B
lui
rui
lui lyaiB
rUl
~ [E)
r
q-
Ji~
lyai C
roil roih
luai B
roil
lua
lwa
luai
roi
,~
lua
luai
t~
lua
lwa lwa
roi roi
luai / S loi
294
[D) PMin *lhoi
28 28-16 = K. 545 a ~ 28-17 = K. 578
a b
*~*
Mand.
Me Iw~iB
Mand. J(~i,
lei
lei
~
28-20 = K. 513 ab mI~
LHan lu;}i B
LHan Me IjwiB, Iw~ic luiB,lu;}i c luiB Ijwi B
(GSR 541-605) oeM rili?
rui?, rilih rui? oeM
fizwi
fiui
nui
Me
LHan
oeM
SUI
swi
sui
snui
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
dzu;}i B
=28-15/577- liJf:
oeM
LHan
28-19 = K. 1237x Mand.
x
mtfB (2)
Me
rUI
) Lushai ZUiF, Siyin jui ~ sui zwi c zuis s-wis ! acB *zjuts = 29-8/533h t'! - No rime in Shi 245.4. [E] TB: Lushai vui L Ivui7L < vuis 'to ear (as grain, grass), come into ear', Kuki-Chin *vui acB *zjuts zwi c ZUIS s-jus sui s-jus zwi c zuis ~f~MDi sui swis swi c suis sui ~ c s-jus acB *zjuts zwi zuis sui ~ Rimes -uts in Shi 132.3 du~iC dUds dus dui ~ troops c dwi drus fall down zhui WB chac 'a joint' crest-like jie tsiet, tset, tsft, dziet dzet dzft dg~~Pt.eiH~P zhi t~j£t t~it tsrit OCB *tsrjit 923c ~ detest ji dzjet dzit dzit = 29-28/494a [T] Sin Sukchu SR dzi (A); MGZY tsi (A) [dzi]; ONW dzit. [E] TB: WT tshig-pa 'anger, indignation'. ~ masonry ji tsjet tsit tsit OCB *tsjit < *tsjik 'Masonry' [E] WT rtsig-pa 'a wall, masonry' ~ coaled ji tsjet tsit tsit OCB *tsjit < *tsjik 'Coaled part' [E] WT 'tshig-pa 'to burn'
*
29-31 = K. 400 Maud. MC LHau OCM a qf tshjet tshit tshit < snhit ? [T] Sin Sukchu SR ts'i (A); MGZY tshi (A) [ts'i]; ONW tshit [D] PMin *tshit [E] TB *snis > Himalayan 19s. *snis; Jiarong kesnes; LB *snit; JP slPl-nit 31 ; Trung snit f tJ] to cut qie tshiet tshet tshft 29-29/39ge !'iff close to qie tshiet tshet tshft * 29-29/399a !lP [T] MTang tshiar < tshiar, ONW tshet chi tshjet tshi t e thit
-t
*
ot
29-32 = K. 401 Maud. MC LHau ab qf tshjet tshit [E] TB *tsiy > WT tshi-ba 'tough, sticky matter'; adhesive' c knee xf sjet sit [T] MTang sir, ONW sit
*1*
1Jt
OCM tshit OCB *tshjit LB *dziy2 'sap, juice' > WB ce B 'sticky, sit
29-33 = K. 1257 Maud. Me LHau oeM xf sjet sit sit e ~ [T] MTang sir, ONW sit [E] TB *syey 'know' > WT ses-pa, Vayu ses; Lushai thei L / thei?L «*sei/s) 'can, be able', PL*si 2 f ~!I!¥ xf-shuo ~j£t-~jUgt srit-srut OCM *it (not *-gt) because Xl in xf-shub must have been -it to contrast with -ut 29-34 = K. 518 Maud. Me LHau oeM ae [g ,~IIY si siC sis sis or slis OCB *spllts = 30-111S09h nt [T] Sin Sukchu SR sl ($:); MGZY shi ($:) [Sl]; Sui-Tang sic, sit?, ONW sic [E] ? TB *b-lgy 'four' > WT bzi < *bli fEY 1EY si sic sis fg sis
302
29
oeM *-it, *i(t)s i'i{§~ (GSR 393-415)
Mand. MC LHan OCM 29-35 = K. 506 a shr ~j£t ~it srit < srik !lR [D] PMin *8;)t [E] TB *s-rik > WT sig < *hrjik 'louse', Bunan srig, Chepang sr;)yk 'head louse', Lushai hrik L
29-36 = K. 411 [l a
Mand. se
MC
29-37 = K. 412 a M
Mand. bi
~j£t
LHan sit
OCM srit
OCB *sprjit
MC piei c , piet
LHan pes, pet
OCM pit(s)
[T] ONW pei
29-38 = K. 408 ad lZIJE
Mand. MC LHan OCM pi phjiet 4 phit phit OCB *phjit pi phjiet 4 phit phit 1lY® [E] Area word: Tai: S. and Tai Igs in general pet DI 'duck'; MK: Viet. vit, NBahn. pet'; TB: Lolo-Zaiwa et al. pj~t55 'duck', Geman Deng kmi 35 -pit 55
29-39 = K. 521 Mand. MC LHan OCM a W bi piC 4 pis pis OCB *pjits [T] Sui-Tang pi, ONW pii [D] Y-Guitngzh peiBI, ZhOngsh piBI, T~iish iBI < *pi B, Tengxian ?bi BI (MC pi B) [E] ST *pi(s): TB *P;)Y: Lepcha byi ~ byi-n 'to give'; LB: WB peB ~ phit 'invite, offer to give' . . nose bi bjiet 4 bit bit c [T] Tang period: col. Shiizhou *bir, *bit. See Intro. 6.2.1 . . . nose bi bi c 4 bis bits [T] Sin Sukchu SR bi (*); MGZY pi (*) [hi] [D] Min *bhi c : Jian'ou phic2, Fuzh pheic, Xiam phlc2; Kejia: Meix phi cI d 1:W float pi phieic, phes, phits, phets phjai C phias 1:W in crowds pi phiei c phes phits OCB *phits 29-40 = K. (1237m) MC LHan OCM bi bits bis nose This is the original OB graph for 'nose' > .. 29-38/52Ic; the reading bi survives in the next graph for 'first-born'. This graph also writes a different word zl § 26-3111237m 'self'. See Intro.6.2.1. > bi bis bits 'the first-born' [SW 109]
EI
EI §JUI
29-41 = K. 405 Most graphs ending in -it are in Div. 3/4, but all tone C counterparts fall into ch6ngniu Div. 3/3 so that these may include original OC rimes in *-its (rather than only *-rits). In fact, except for words in 29-39/521 above, all MC -i c 3/4 words in tone C derive from OC open syllables *-ih (Rime 26), and all MC -i c 3/3 derive from OC closed syllables *-ts (see SSYP). Mand. MC LHan OCM ~\ a bi pjiet 4 pit pit [T] Sin Sukchu SR pi (A); MGZY bi (A) [pi] p] c bi pjiet 4 pit pit OCB *pjit def bi bjiet 4 'l!tH£\,~15 bit bit ;Z:~l} gh bi bjiet 4, biet bit, bet bit, bit OCB *bjit 303
29 j
M £\Yl
k
~ ~£,
m n
:fl::, ~~
O!0 p
~ ~
r
s
oeM *-it, *i(t)s ~~G (GSR 393-415)
pj(i)et 3,4 pit!, prit !, =29-43/406a LJLJ pji C 3 pis prits [T] ? TB: Chepang pit- 'grip (as with pincers), hold between knees or under the arm' bie biet, miet bet, met bIt, mIt C bi pji 3 pis pits OCB *prjits bi bjiet 4, bit, bit, OCB *bjit pis pits! pji C 3 mi ! pji C 3 pis pits C bi pji 3 pis pits [T] TB-PL *pi 2 'to close', Mru pit 'shut, close' mi mjet 3 mit mrit silence mi mjet 3 mit mrit [E] Tai: Saek mit 'quiet' near mi mjet 3 mit mrit OCB *mrjit [T] ONW mit. MHan t1l~ ta-mit (*ta-mrit) Tarmita, Termes mi mjiet 4 mit mit [T] MTang mir < mfr, ONW miit; BTD Skt. -mita [D] PMin *mit OCB *Npjit mi mjiet 4 mit mit mi mjiet 4 mit mit bi
29-42 = K. 407
Mand. MC LHan OCM *.,~ bi pjiet 4 pit pit [T] Sin Sukchu SR pi (A.); MGZY bi (A.) [pi]; MTang pir < Ptf, ONW piit 'finish' [E] TB: Lushai pei?L < peih < *-s 'to complete'; WT dpyis phyin-pa 'to come to the last'
ijkl m
5'...
29-43
= K.
ade
9 29-44
a e
t,
•
= K. ijij
565
bi pjiet 4 pit bi pjiet 4 pit [E] TB: PTib *pis-mo; Nung phaIJ-phit 'knee' 1257g Mand.
406
pit pit
bi
MC pjiet 4
LHan pit
OCM pit
Mand. bi bi
MC pjet 3 bjet 3
LHan pit bit
OCM prit brit
304
= 29-40/405j
tx,
30
WU bu ¥o:g~ (1)
oeM rime *-at, *-ats, *-as
GSR 486 - 540 Baxter 1992: 437 ff. (§10.1.7)
Table 30-1: OCM rimes *-;m,
*-~t, *-~(t)s, *-~i
Div.
*-;m R.33
*-;}t R.30
I gr
tN k;}n bn *k;;m
:tIJ bw;}t b;}t *rot
:L$: pw;}n B p;}n B *p~n7
in QYS categories *-;}(t)s R.30
*-;}i R.27
~ 7~ic
mJ kh~i
IVac
~
III gr
ill: gj;}n B gi;}n B *g;}n 7
Z; khj;}t khi;}t *kh;}t
~
:5t pjw;}n pun *p;}n
!jo/.] mjw;}t mut *m;}t
~I!J
III ac
3/3
~
tienB tenB
*7~s
nzjenC nin c *n;}ns
kh;}i
*kh~i
@] yw~i yu;}i *w~i
*t~n7
rtJ kjen 3 kin *kr;}n ~
7;}s
Jlie phw~ic ph;}S *ph~s
khjeiC khi;}s *kh;}s jwei C wus *W;}s
;tt
mw~i
m;}i
*m~i
~
tshiei tshei
*tsh~i
mkjeiB
kiiB *bi7
mpjwei
pui *p;}i
llili kjwei kui *kw;}i III jwei wui *w;}i
jf tsjet tsit *t;}t
Z 7jet3 7it *7r;}t ?
~
khji C3 khis *khr;}s
~
See Table 33-1 for a comparison of OC rimes *-in,
*-~n,
*-it,
ki c *kr;}ih mji B3 miB *mr;}i7
Jt kjiq
bjen3 bin *br;}n *-~t.
30-1 =K.517 ac ce d
f
g
h jk mn
o p
Some or all OC finals *-s could have been *-ts. MC Mand. LHan OCM 1 air qi khjeiC khi;:)s kh;:)s [f] Sin Sukchu SR k'jej (:li;), PR k'i; MGZY khi (:li;) [k'i]; ONW 2 ii*t gift xi xjei C hi~s h;:)s '1'$\ angry kai kh~ic kh;:)S kh~s [f] ONW khai c [E] AA: Kharia khis 'anger', Sora kissa 'move 'strive after' TB-JR khus 'anger' kh;:)s, '1'$\ sigh kai, kh~iC, kh~s, xi xjeiC hi;:)s h;:)s kh.j;:)t L pray qi khj;:)t kh;:)t stutter ji, jf kj;:)t ki~t bt to eat chi [f] Sin Sukchu SR k'i CA.), LR t~'i7; MGZY khi ( A) [k'i] qi kj;:)t ki;:)t xj;:)t hi;:)t qi ! h;:)t or hl];:)t xj;:)t hi;:)t h;:)t or hl];:)t xi IJj;:)t, xj;:)t l]i;:)t, hi;:)t l];:)t, hl];:)t yi, xi yw;:)t, yiet gu;:)t, get he, xie gut, gft k;:)i ji kjei kii
9:*" *"
khi c
with great effort', Khm khes = 30-2/515m
[f] ONW khit
oz: oz:
305
[f] ONW kit
? ?
30
OCM *-;)t, *-;)(t)s
to/]~G (1) (GSR 486-540)
30-2 = K. 515 ac
9 0
jkl mn h
Some or all OC finals *-s could have been *-ts. oeM LHan Me Mand. k;)s kigs kjeiC ji 5E~5t [T] Sin Sukchu SR kjej (*), PR, LR ki; MGZY gi (*) [ki]; ONW ki ki;)s kjeiC bs vegetat. ji g;)S gis gji C 3 to come ji C gr;)ts OCB *grjgts < *grjgps gji 3 gis ji ~ = ¥§ 30-411237a [T] MGZY ki (*) [gil kgs OCB *bts k~ic bs gfli j fl!!tr~~ kh;)S khgs kh~ic =30-1/517d o@itl!!t kfli h;)s OCB *xjgts xjei C, xjiC, his xi, ~ ji gji C h;)s, hi;)s, :fJ;lt xi, xjei C,
R
gfli
k~ic
bs
kgs
Mand. qi
Me khji C 3
LHan khis
oeM khrgs or khr;)ts
30-4 = K.1237a Mand. a 113 pour out ji 113 together ji ji Xl ElG
Me kjiC, gji C 3 gji C 3 gji C 3
oeM kr;)ts, grgts gr;)ts gr;)ts ?
yiei
LHan kis, gis gis gis gei
30-5 = K. 504 a ~
Me kat
LHan ket
oeM krgt or krit
30-3 = K. 536 a ~
±§
Mand. jia
= 30-2/5150 ~
= 26-9/599h
30-6 = K. 508 a
bc d
Some or all OC finals in *-s could have been *-ts. Me LHan oeM Mand. aJ ?~iC ?;)S ?gS [T] Sin Sukchu SR ?aj (*); MGZY 'ay (*) [?aj]; ONW ?ai C [D] PMin *?ugi C [E] TB-PKaren *?ai fli ?~iC ?;)S ?gS if indist. fli ?~iC, ?;)s, ?gS, 'indistinct' ?iiB ?;)? ?jei B ?;)S ?gS fli ?iii C to pant
'!f
Sf'll
30-7 = K. 505 a Z
Mand. yi
Me ?jet 3
LHan ?it
oeM ?r;)t ?
30-8 = K. 537 a •U
Mand . yi
Me Ilii c 3
LHan I)is
oeM I)r;)ts
30-9 = K. 516 Mand. Me LHan oeM ac ~~ yi Iliei c I)i;)s or I)iih I)gS or I)gih « *lpls)? [T] Sin Sukchu SR i (*); MGZY ngi (*) [I)i] [E] TB: Lushai (saL-)l)hiUL < I)halh < I)hals 'wild pig' ~ I)halR < I)ha1? 'ill-behaved, unruly. over-bold'; Paang. mal)ill - ral)ill 'wild boar' ~ yi Iliei c I)i;)s or I)iih I);)S or I);)ih d 306
30 30-10 = K. 493 a b
c d
Mand.
OCM *-;}t, *-;}(t)s Me
LUan
fi
tsit tsjet zhi C tsis tsi zhi tsit zhl tsjet ~ic zhi ~is N~ [E] TB: WT 'dred-pa 'to slip, slide, glide'; Kanauri tsi C, tiC tsis, ~his zhi '~ . solid hostage
Ii
30-11 = K. 509
t;}ts t;}t trdts *bret tdtS, thrdts
Mand.
Me
~ come to ~ come to peaceful
**
if
LUan
oeM
ddS, jis ddS, jis des thdS
l~s
I~s Ih~s
Me
LUan
oeM
pei
phw~ic
ph?S
ph~s
Mand.
Me
LUan
OCM
c d e
*
bu, bei bWdt, bw~ic bdt, oos bo bw?t bdt ~ 'Powdery' [E] ST *put: WB phut 'dust', Lushai phut L 'Sudden' [E] TB: Lushai phuut H 'suddenly' ij:f bo bw;}t bdt po bw?t b?t [E] ? TB: WT 'bu-ba , 'bus 'to open , unfold (flower)" 'I~ discord bo, bei bw?t, bw~iC b;}t, oos abundant po bw?t b?t ~ po bw?t, bdt,
1-¥
or ph~ih
= 27-\ 0
b~t, ~ts b~t
'flowery, powdery'
~t OCB *buts 'be lighted, kindled' bgt, ~ts bgt bgt,
ftl
f
30-14 = K. 500 a
tl!f
Ifs des des, d?s lIs, I~s lis jis sis = 29-33/SISa IZ!l sis < slis (:t:) [s1]; Sui-Tang sic, sit?, OI\TW sic OCB sljdPs sis sis < slis ? SIS sis < slis ? slis, lis sis, jis les tis or lIS
Mand.
a b
- 29-16/4ISd
lIs
a
30-13 = K. 491
~
OCB *(g-)I;}ps
30-12 = K. 514
Me
- 29-16/415a
Some or all OC finals could have been -ts.
dh'C 'C dai, Ii ~l , 1 dh 'C 'C dai, di, Ii C ~l , 1 di diei c Hj! th~ic dai e c diei f di cherry diei c , diii perfect di, dai .c C i yi ~ 9 sic si h ~ [T] Sin Sukchu SR sl (:t:); MGZY shi sic n si sic m si ~~ sic, ji C si, yi op 7! liei c Ii l241rn ~~ a
~m~~ (1) (GSR 486-540)
9t not 9t
Mand, ftl
Me
LUan
pjW?t put [T] MTang pfur, ONW put; BTD Skt. putra gust fu pjW?t put [E] TB: WT 'bud-pa, bus 'to blow' intr.
307
oeM Pdt OCB *pjut
oeM *-gt, *-g(t)s
30
fu fu
de fij
h k
q
mn
o p rs
~m:g~ (1) (OSR 486-540)
pjVVdt phjVVgt
fu phjVVgt [El PYao *phwot 'sweep, clear away' ~ dense fu phjVVgt phut
phgt OCB *pjut ~ elimin. fu pjVVgt put pgt 1~ gush fu pjVVgt put pgt [TlONW put [El TB *brup ~ *prup 'to gush forth': WT 'brup-pa 'gush, spout forth', JP 'ph rup 3l 'to squirt' (as water from mouth). 1~ bubble fei pjvvei C pus P;;lts [Dl *pyi c . [El MY *npwei lc . TB: JP prut 3l 'to boil'
~ resist fu bjvv;;lt but bdt ~ Buddha f6 bjvv;;lt but [Tl Sin Sukchu SR vu ( J\); MGZY hwu (J\) [vul; BTD Skr. buddha O~tlJ~ fu bjvv;;lt but b;;lt 'Il}t fU, fei bjvvgt, bjvvei C but, bus b;;lt, bdts ~ b6, fU bvv;;lt, phjvv;;lt b;;lt, phut ~t, ph;;lt H~Jt fei phjvvei C phus phgts Jr [Tl Sin Sukchu SR fi (:t:) ; LR fi; MGZY h(w)i (:t:) [fil ~ fei pjvvei C pus [TlONW pui c [El WT 'bos 'boil, bump, tumor' 'bo-ba, bos 'to swell, rise, sprout'. Tai: S. phot Ol 'prickly heat'.
*
30-15
oeM
Mand.
SW5660
fu
30-16 a c
=
K. 501
m ffi
:MI1
'I'm
1$
Me
LUan
oeM
pjvv;;lt
put
P;;lt
knee coy. fu pjVV;;lt put P;;lt < put OCB *pjut = 21-31/2761 ttt [El TB *put > WT pus-mo 'knee', PTib *pus-mo, *puks-mo; Nung ur-phut 'elbow'; JP ph u t 3l 'to kneel', lii3l_phut3l 'knee'
ffi covering d e f
Mand. fu
fei, bei
pei ! pei abundant pei
1$ uprooted
bei
1$ marshy 9
pjvveiC, pvviljC
pus, pas
p~its
bvvilj C phvvai c phvvai C pvvai c pvvai c
bas phas phas
bats phats phats
pas
pats
Me
LUan
=21-31/276h
1ft
bei pas pats C ~$ lung fei phjvvui phuas phats [TlONW phei > phuei [El AA-PVM *p-so:s > p-ho:c > po:c I pho:c 'lungs', Tai: S. p:l:lt OlL < *pi:Jt 'lung' S. ph:l:lt Ol 'breathe, inhale' ~"$ dense pei phvvaiC, phas, phats, c bvvai bas bats
*
30-17 = K. 530 a
Eili
Mand.
oeM
rei phjvveiB, phvv;;lt phuiB, ph;;lt ph;;li?, phgt < phui?, phut The element chii tl:l 'come out' is partially semantic. Cf. 31-16/496t
308
30 30-18 = K. 492 a b
c d
~
mo
!:JJ
don't!
30-20 = K. 503 ah !:JJ > ~m
5 5 k
lj'lJ) 8'lJ) §'lJ)
m.
p m no
qr
g
k
n
LHan
oeM
* '* tit
mw:}t
mgt
m~t
In the OB the graph for this word 'don't' is different from 30-20.
Mand.
Me
LHan
wu
mjwgt
mut
Mand.
Me
LHan
OCM
oeM
wu mjw:}t mut mgt, probably mut [f] Sin Sukchu SR vu (.A. ), PR, LR vu?; MGZY wu ( A. ) [vu); MTang mvur,ONW mut [E] TB *mruw: WT 'bru < *Nbru 'grain, seed ' ; WB myui B 'seed, seed grain ' ~ ::>-myui B 'race, lineage, kind, class, sort' m:}t a plant wu mjw:}t mut hu:}t confused hu XWgt hm~t mwgt mgt =30-\ 8/ 492c mo m~ mgt, hm(}t mjwgt, XWgt mut, hgt wu mei mwat, mai c mat, mas mat, mrats < mot careless hu XWgt hugt hm(}t OCB *hmut The Shijing rimes are ambiguous [f] Sin Sukchu SR xu ( A. ); MGZY hu ( A. ) [xu) hu XWgt hu:}t hm(}t XWgt hu:}t hm(}t 'writing tablet' hu , hu mjwgn B mgn? wen mun B wen , mjwgn B , mgn? or mun? , mun B , B min mjien 4 min B min?
30-21 = K. 531
a
Me
~mti~ (1) (GSR 486-540)
~ mo mw:}t m:}t m~t ~9. dive mo mw:}t mgt m~t, prob. mut R OCB *mut [f] Sin Sukchu SR mu (.A.); MGZY mu (.A.) [mu]; ONW mot [E] Tai: S. mut D2 'to dive' ~9. covet mo mwgt m:}t m~t [E] TB: WT mod-pa, mos-pa 'be pleased, wish', smon-pa 'to wish, desire' ~9. not have mei < wu you ;$,Ji1:f 7j/;1 mo mw:}t m:}t m~t = 30-20/ 503k
30-19 = K. 503
a
Mand.
OCM *-:}t, *-:}(t)s
Some or all OC finals could have been -ts.
Mand.
Me
LHan
OCM
wei mjwei C mus m:}s [f] Sin Sukchu SR vi (:t:); MGZY wi (:t:) [vi]; ONW mui c [D] Wu-Wenzh, Gufmgzh meic , Fuzh mui c , Xiam bec wei mjwei C mus mgs mei mw~ic mgs m~s OCB *m::>ts [f) Sin Sukchu SR muj (:t: ), PR, LR m;)j ; MGZY mue (:t:) [mue) [D] PMin *mhyaiC (or *mhye C) mgs ~ mei mw~ic [f) ONW mai ; BTD SkI. -madhi ~ mei mi c 4 mis mis OCB *mjits [f] MTang mi, ONW mii [E) TB *r-mwiy > WT rmi-ba 'to dream', WB mwe c 'to sleep', Magar mis-ke
309
30 h
Jtt
p q
lilt leather
r*
music
30-22 = K. 522 a ~
mei mei mei mai
OCM *-gt, *-g(t)s mji C 3 mw~ic mw~iC
mwai c
t?lJtf~ (1) (GSR 486-540) mfS mgs mgs mes
mrgs or mns m;}s m;}s mr;}s
Mand.
MC
LHan
oeM
mei
mji C 3
mts
mrgs or mns
310
=
30-22/522a
=
30-21/531 h Wili
31
oeM rime *-ut, *uts, *-us
Wu bu ¥!J.g~ (2)
GSR 486 - 540 Baxter 1992: 437 ff. (§10.1.7)
See Table 28-1 for OCM rimes *-un / -w;)n , *-ut and *-ui / -W;)i. See Intro. 5.2.3 about the removal of OCB medial *r in MC Div. 3/3 syllables.
Table 31-1: OCM rimes *-ut, *-W;)t, *-wit, *-ui, *-u(t)s, *-w;)i, *-W;)(t)s, *-wi(t)s
I *-ut
Div. I
R.31
*-w;:Jt, *-wit R.31,29
~
YB kW;:Jt kU;:Jt *kw;}t
kW;:Jt kU;:Jt *kOt
g;g thw;:Jt thu;:Jt *thOt
*-ui , *-u(t)s R.28 , 31 I
:tt
I f.t
i
?u;:Ji *?Oi tw~i tU;:Ji *to i tw~ic tU;:JS *tOts
!
FtB khjW;:Jt khut *khut
III gr
l iW ?w~i
~
! I±l tshjwet tshuit *k-hlut
mywiit
II
00. khwlli c khu;:Ji c
I *khw;}ih
i . j!t kjwei C kus *kw;:JS
i
!
!
i ~~ jwei C wus *W;:JS
i-
III ac
*-w;:Ji . *-W::l(t)s, R.28, 29
I ~ffl kjwei kui *kw;:Ji
I
3/3
I
I *-wil(t)s
~U
guet *grilt
kwiit kuet *kwrft
I
!
gjwi3 gui *gui
II.' gjwi C3 guis *gus
!
ME zwi
I
dzui *dui
!
I ~ ywiii gud *grOi ! 11 khwiiiC khues I *khril(t)s
IV gr
'J\. yiwet yuet *wft Ifil xiwet huet *hwft
1!91! khiwei khuei *khwf ;ti: yiwei C yues *wfs
3/4 w
:.ffill kjiwet4 kuit *kwit
* *1E
~
jiwet wit *wit 1lfII sjwet suit *swit
I
~
t!
kwi B4 kwiq jiwi4 zwi c
kwi B *kwi? kuis *kwis wi *wi zuis *s-wis
Shijing rimes *( -)wit and *-ut tended to mingle (Baxter 1992 : 444ff); by LHan *-ut became> *-uit, it seems that this process had already started in Western Zhou times. This is parallel to *-in, *-un .
= K. 486
31-1 a
1't
b
JtI®
c
Mand. MC LHan OCM gu kw;)t ku;)t kOt [f] Sin Sukchu SR ku (A.); MGZY gu ( A. ) [ku]; ONW kot [0] PMin *kot gu, hli, kw;)t, YW;)t, ku;)t, gU;)t, kOt, gOt hull. ywat yuet grOt Me kW;:Jt is probably just the reading of the phonetic gu o dig hli YW;)t YU;)t gOt force kil khw;)t khu;)t khOt
m
m
311
31 d
e
~
oeM *-ut, *-u(t)s t?D.g~ (2) (GSR 486-540)
hmi
m
ywat
yuet
grfit
slipp. hua ywat yuet grfit [T] Sin Sukchu SR ywa CA.); MGZY Xwa C,,-) [ywa] [E] TB: JP gum 31 _rut 31 < gu-mrut 'slippery' disturb gu kw;)t ku;)t kfit
m 31-2 aJ
g hi k 1 b
c d e m
q
f o p
= K. 540 Mand. § Jf1 (gUI » kUI jf basket kUI
Me gjwiC 3
LHan gUlS
oeM gus 'basket' gjwiC 3, gUlS, gus, khwai c khu£s khrfis I1E kUI gjwiC 3 gUls gus OCB *grjuts R! 3:f 4-7/986. [T] MHan:k:iJt ?iol)-guis Tocharian B ankwa~ 'asafoetida' tIIJ(2 kUI gjwiC 3 gUls gus ,. gUI gjwiC 3 gUls gus ~ kUI gjwiC 3 gUls gus - 28-1I569r ~l C .. gUI kjwei kus kw;)s OCB *kjuts [TJ Sin Sukchu SR kuj (:tjZ) [~in]; ONW dzin tsjen C tsin C < kinc kins khjienq, khan khin C , khen khins, khrfn zjen B dzin B < ginB gin? khien, khan
khen, khen
316
khfn, khrfn
OCB *gjin
32
OCM *-in ~.g~ (GSR 361-392)
~
JIan kien ken kIn [T) Sin Sukchu SR kjen (3f); MGZY gyan (3f) [kjen); ONW ken. LH ~~ jilin-kiln LH ken-ku;)n < kfn-kiln Qyrqyz < qyrqyf (Pulleyblank 1983: 455) ~ qin khien B 'if wise xian yien gen gfn e yien C genC gfns nave xillll ~ jin kjien B 4 kinB kin? g [T) Sin Sukchu SR kin (J::); MGZY gyin (J::) [kjin); ONW kiin. MC unpalatalized initial k- is irregular [E) ? TB: Lushai khir?L < *khirh 'to tie 1 bind', NNaga *C-khyin 'to tie' 1252a ~ keng kh£I) kh£I) khreI)
c
32-2 = K. 1250ab ab •• jHtn
Me kien B
LUan kenB
oeM kIn? or ken?
32-3 = K. 369 Mand. a f5T shaft qin f5T pity Jill
f5T
Me LUan oeM gjen 3 gin grin ~ 33-5/480 kj;;)I) gin grin R! OCB *kjiIJ 3t 32-36/3871 'I~ *rfn widow. guan kwan ku£n kwrfn OCB *kwrin ~ ~ kwr~m 34-4/48Ia. This graph consistently rimes with *-in in Shfjfng.
t! *gr;)n
32-4 = K. 479 MC k(h)iwen can only derive from *kwfn or *kwen; OC *kw;;)n would result in MC kw;;)n; OC *kwi;;)n, *kiw;;)n or *kiun do not exist. Mand. MC LHan OCM a fi:. quan khiwen B khuen B khwfn? [T) Sin Sukchu SR k'yen (J::); MGZY khwyan (J::) [k'yEn) [E) ST *kwi?: TB *kwi? e IIl:k quan kiwen B kuen B kwfn? =34-6/422b IHJII 32-5 = K. 366 a c e d hj fgm k
Throughout this series, the OC forms could be either *gwfn or *wfn. OCM Mand. MC LHan xuan yiwen yuen gwfn yiwen B yuen B XUllll gwfn? 11 XUllll yiwen B yuen B gwfn? yiwen(C) yuen(C) XUllll gwfn, gwfns ~t gene yien C XUilll gins 1Z1XJ yien gen gfn [TlONW yen §!ff!mi xian yien xian gen gfn ~ khien khen qian khfn ~ [D) Xiang-Shuangfeng kh[55, Ke-Meix khian 55 , Yue-Guangzh hin 53 , Min-Xiamen khan 55 kw;;)n B ku;;)n B gun kw~n? = 34-l/417i; 34-3/419a ~!
x:
iz
32-6 = K. 1250g g
'III
32-7
=
391a
Is]
K. 391
XU~lll
MC yiwenBJc
LHan yuenBJc
OB distinguish between 391 and 392. Mand. Me LUan yun jiwen 4 win
317
OCM (g)wfn?Js or (g)wen?Js
oeM WIn
32
oeM
*-in ~~G (GSR 361-392)
win, win, jiwen 4, zuin, s-win, zjwen, swin SUIll sjwen xuan yiwen yuen wfn 391fg ~l:;J~ hong xw£1) hU£1) hwrel) 1252b ~ Ace. to SW 1047, 1.5] is phonetic; it also has an alternate 'reading like' xmin 2: *(g)wfn. qi6ng gjwang gyel) gwel) ~~ Jun kjiwen 4 kuin kwin 391e ~5j [E] TB: WB khyin 'weigh, a balance' jun kjiwen 4 kwin d kuin PJ j$J kjiwen 4 kwin c jun kuin t5j jwen 3 win win j yun h h 392j
HI>J
yun, xun
32-8 = K. 392
OB distinguish between 32-7/391 and 32-8/392. Mand. MC LHan OCM 392a B] xun zjwen zuin s-win [T] Sin Sukchu SR zyn (:>jZ); MGZY zyun (:>jZ) [zyn] ef fi3]g'Bj all xun zjwen C zuinc s-wins [E] ? ST *wir cause xun zjwen(C) zuin(C) s-win, s-wins gh )iaJiif] xun zjwen C zuin c s-wins fflJ far xuan xi wen huen hwfn OCB *hwin 1 fflJ drip xun sjwen suin swin [E] ST *(r)we: Mikir arwe - ruwe < r-we L 'rain' 'i'@ sincere xun sjwen suin SWIll k C c 'i'@ fear xun sjwen suin swins [N] Xun may be partially phonetic / semantic in 830 qi6ng 'I~ *gwel) ('fear') below m !fflJ scared XU~lll, xi wen c , huen c , hwfns, C shun sjwen suin c hwins !fflJ delud. xun sjwen suin swin ~~j2 sun sjwen B suin B swin? nst 830a 'If qIOng gjwal) gyel) gwel) = 23-111256b !zi, 9-9/843g ~ [N] xiin 'I'll] *swin may be partially phonetic / semantic ('fear'); *-win and *-weIJ do occasionally mix in phonetic series 392u 1'm sun sjwen suin swin The reading chiin (~hjwen), LH ~huin, OCM thrun belongs to a synonym 34-17-\. 0 xun sjwen suin swin sjwen suin swin xun OCB swjin p ~ C c xun, sjwen , swins, q suin , ~ zjwen xun zuin s-win ~B] XU~lll, xiwen c , hwfns, r huen c , xun sjwen suin swin
m
32-9 = K. 370 Mand. MC LHan OCM ade 1Z91!if.i~ yin ?jien 4 lin lin [T] Sin Sukchu SR ?in (:>jZ); MGZY Yin (0/) [?jin]; ONW ?iin fg yin ?jien 4 lin lin ~~,~ 318
OCB *?jin
32
h
*lEI
OItS/ gullet swallow drum ,~,
32-10 = K. 483 §![ a cde ~~~~ fg M~
~~
h
11
32-11 f
= K.
£p
?ien ?ien ?ien C ?jien, ?iwen
?en ?en ?en C ?in, ?wen
?l'n ?in ?ins ?in, ?wfn
?~n
?~n
?~n
Maud. yin yin yin yin yan
Me ?jien ?jien ?jien ?jien ?ien
LHau ?in ?in ?in ?in ?en
oeM ?in ?in ?in ?in ?l'n
Me ?jien C 4
LHau ?in C
oeM ?ins
Me ?iwen ?jien 4
LHau ?uen ?in
oeM ?wfn ?in
LHau lJin
oeM lJrin or lJr~n
LHau lJinc
oeM lJrins or lJr~ns
Maud. yuan yin
4 4 4 4
32-13 = K. 1251a Me a yin IJ.ien 3 ~ 32-1I377a b:! may be phonetic 32-14 -bc
= K. 1251b *A~c yin
32-15 = K. 361
a
d
*-in ~:g~ (GSR 361-392)
yan yan yim yin, yuan en
125lf yin
32-12 = K. 367 a 1NM d ~*~
oeM
Me IJ.ien c 3
= 32-1 O/483h ~
- 23-15/243c
DJR\
=32-9/370i *tJiI
= 32-9/37001!J
T
The phonetic seems to be ding *H!lJ 9-111833a. Maud. Me LHau oeM 7( tian thien then thin [f] Sin Sukchu SR t'jen (:>JZ); MGZY then (:>JZ) [t'en]; MTang thian < thian, ONW then; BTD Old Iranian hin- (Coblin 1994: 156), [D] Yue-Guangzhou 53thinAl 'sky', Taishan 33hen A1 , PMin *thien, Xiamen thIAI, Some Han period dialects have xi an ~ xen B, others tan :til thanB for 'heaven' (Coblin ibid,), [E] TB: Kachin pUl)dil) 'zenith, top'; Zemi (Nag a) til) 'sky' if tun th~n, thien th~n thgn or Ihgn ? [f] Sin Sukchu SR t'un (:>JZ), PR t'~n; MGZY thhin (:>JZ) [t'~n] [E] KT: PT *kl-: S, kliin A1 'to swallow'
32-16 = K. 375 Maud. Me LHau oeM a zhen tsjen tsin tin ~ [f] Sin Sukchu SR t~in (:>JZ); MGZY jin (:>JZ) [t~in] [E] WT bden-pa 'true' b zhen, zhen, tsjen(8), tsin(8), tin, tin?, (Lu Deming's reading) di~lll dien c denc dins (Zheng Zhong's reading) [N] On the different readings, see Coblin 1983: I 53 c zhen, zhen tsjen(8) tsin(8) tin, tin? de zhen tsjen 8 tsin 8 tin? = 33-15/453a ~ tshjen tshin g chen thin h zhen, tian tsjen, dien tsin, den tin, din
319
32
oeM
*-in ~~~ (GSR 361-392)
tJi f jkl m
n p
0
uv u
qrs
x
zjenC = 32-17/376a ~ dzin c dins shen trin, trin? ~in(B) ~ precio. zhen,zhen tjen(B) ~inc trins tjen C ~ press zhen tIn tien ten dian {~fffl1.i den dIn tian dien ~ full tIn 3t 9-11I833e tien ten dian ~ top [N] MTang tian < tian, ONW ten [E) Miao glil) 'to fall' ten tIn dian tien Gtop trins 'jade pendant' ~inC tjen C ~ pend. zhen C C then thien thIns ;F$ ti!lll ~inc trins zhen tjen C ~jade tien ten tIn dian 'block, fill up' dien den dIn ~ilJ~ bl. tian B denB din? ~ exhaust dian dien drin chen j qf gjei gii I]i;)n ! yf mel [N] Name of a river (LuG and ZhOu 1958: 199)
iff
no pt
i1JTtJT DJriiT 1JT
33-3 =K.445 a
%15
Me kj;)n Jill [T] ONW kin [E] PTai *?ien AI
33-4 = K. 444 a
ZB.
"i'3
Mand.
Mand. jin
Me kj;)n B
-
LHan oeM ki;)n bn A2 ' tendon , sinew' LHan ki;)n B
326
oeM bn?
33
oeM
*-:m X:g~ (I) (GSR 416-485)
33-5 =K.480
The phonetic element was also used to write tim (24-10/144) because of its meaning, not necessarily because of its sound. LHan Mand. MC OCM ken kr~n kiln aecj a j[liNj jian 'Distress' [Tl ONW kan ii[2 clay gjen 3 gin gr:m qfn e gr:m gin gjen 3 qfn ff C C jin ! gin gr~ns 3 gjen mp fill C C gr~ns noqr !i7lB~ jin gjen 3 gin gjen C 3 jin gin C gr~ns
ill (24-351152) and him ~ OCB *kr:ln
= 32-3/369a ~
JIfI
vxyz 'I~JJJ~1Jj qfn t violet jIn aconite jin u jln ~ qin !i
gj~n
gi~n
g~n
kj~nB
ki~nB
k~n?
kj~nC
ki~nc
k~ns
kj~nB
ki~nB
khjien C 4 !
khin c
bn? khins
Mand. jIn
MC kjen 3
LHan kin
OCM
Mand. xin
xjen 3
LHan hin c
oeM
xj~nC,
xjen 3
LHan hin c
m
33-6 =K.482 a
rtJ
33-7 = K. 446 a
•
33-8 =K.447 a
Jfuf
33-9 = K. 448 a
e
g~ great g~ thunder g~ red
M;
33-10 = K. 449
~
~
it a b
~ conceal ~ lean on
~
Mand. xin Mand. yIn yIn yan yIn Mand. yin yin yin yIn yin yIn
Me
Me xj~nC,
LHan
OCM
?i~n
?~n
?j~nB
?i~nB
?~n?
?iln
?en
?r~n
?j~n
?i~n
?~n
MC
LHan
?j~nC
?i~nC
OCM ?:ms
?j~nB
?i~nB
?~n?
?j~nB ?j~nC
?j;}n B
Mand. MC tienB dian [Tl MTang tian < tlan, ONW ten thienB tHin solid thienB tian M
~b~
Mand. tun
?i~nB
?~n?
?i~nC
?:ms ?;}n?
?i;}n B LHan tenB
OCM
then B then B
th~n?
MC
LHan
dw~n
du~n
OCM dun
W norm
33-12 = K. 429 abc
[GY]
327
OCB *krj:ln
= 33-8/447a Jfuf
oeM h~ns
MC
W
d
h~ns
?j~n
33-11 = K. 476 a
kr~n
=33-7/446a •
t~n?
th~n?
[El TB *tun
33 d
~ rear ~ palace
dian dian
oeM *-;;m X.g~ (1) (GSR 416-485) tien C dien C
tenC denc
t;ms
33-13 = K. 455 a ~ k hi 1m nqrs q
p
LHan Mand. Me oeM chen zJen dzin d~n ? fTl Sin Sukchu SR ~in (0/-), LR d~in; MGZY zhin (3]7.) [~inl; ONW dzin ijen ditn chen ~ (d)itn zjen, dijen chen Ii: i shen zjen B dztn B d~n? ~m tsjen C tstn C t;;ms 1JlH~~JR~ zhen zhen tsjen C tstn C t~ns tI1& The reading MC sjen has been borrowed from shen :!it 32-23/386. 1=1& shake zhen tsjen C tstn C t~ns [El Perh. TB: Chepang dhar- 'to shake, vibrate ... ' zhen tsjen tstn =33-141125Ih M f1& zhen tsjen tstn ~ chen, chf ~hjenB, ~hi ~htnB, ~ht 1Jf1ffif chun dijwen ZUIn fTl Sin Sukchu SR ~ (3jZ), CPR d~n; MGZY cyun
fT10NW dzin
1=1& numer.
uv
33-14 =K.1251h Mand. h-
§if!
zhen
Me tsjen A !
LHan tsin
t;m thr~n?, thr~i m-dun
un [d~nl oeM
33-15 = K. 453 ~ a ::::-
LHan tstn B
oeM
c d
tstn B tsin B tsin C tsin B, ~onB dianB , donB . tsin B
t~n?
e
fg
j k 1241s 453m n
Mand. Me tsjen B zhen =32-16/3 75de 'liM: *tin? zhen tsjen B ~ tsjen(B) zhen ~path tsjen C offer zhen zhen,zhan tsjen B, tjan B twist twisted Sh~lll,zhan ijan B, ~janB tsjen B zhen ~~ zhen tjen ft ~jenC, tsjen B zhen, zhen ~
i.:t
~
ZJt
1t ::::-
¥~ ~
33-16 = K. 452 a
fk
chen tian Ii tao-tie di flll , nian Mand. chen
~htnC
dien B liei c
denB lei c ? thai ou-thet denB, nenB , nonB .
Me
LHan
~hjenC
~htnC
33-17 = K. 374 a
Mand. Me LHan chen c;tjen ~.jn ~ fT10NW din [El TB: WT rdul 'dust' 328
t~n?
OCB *tj;m?
t~ns
t~n?,
tren? or tran? dan?, dran? (or *-e-) t~n? tr~n
tsin B
~hjenC
thau-thiet dienB, nienB, I,ljan B
1~
t~n?
~in ~tnC,
= 33-13/455p
t~n
dr;}ns, t;}n? thr;}ns d~n?
= 33-l6/452a fj( OCB *d~n?
r~ts
? d~n?, n~n?,
nren? or nran??
oeM thr;}ns oeM dr;m
=33-15/453j J2; OCB
*drj~n
(1992: 433)
33 33-18 = K. 451 ac
J~L~~
Mand. yin
oeM
*-~n
MC jien C
33-19 = K. 450 a h j
k
MC Mand. yin, yf jien, ji ~ jien yin ~ jien B yin [D] Min *un B= 32-20/37Ic ~51 yan jian B ~ [T] ONW ian = 24-29/197a IIji shun sjwen C
•
:m
xi'f~ (I) (GSR 416-485) LHan jin C LHan jin, ji jin jin B jan B ?
OCM l~ns
OCM j~n, j~i j~n? j~n?
jan? = 32-24/469c ~
suin c
33-20 = K. 456 ab defg h
Mand. MC LHan OCM ninc nzjenC n~ns ren ninc nzjenC n~ns ren *~~~g~® 2:JJ nr~n, n~n ren, nfn I,lin, nin I,ljen, nzjen " nr::lt I,ljet I,lit ni ~JJ glue ~ 29-26/404 8,1t; *nrit 77J ren nzjenB ninB n~n? JC!' [T] ONW hin [D) PMin *niunB - nin B [E) TB: WT gfian-pa 'to be able, (not) be able' nian, ren nzjenB ninB n~n? ~N ~w ren nzjen C ninc n::lns fi,e" [T] Sin Sukchu SR rin eli); MGZY Zhin ($:) [rin] [D] PMin *ninc [E] TB: JP non 55 'to think, consider', WT gfian-pa 'to listen'
mm
m,
c
33-21
33-22 a
Mand. nen, nun
•
OCM [T] ONW don (!)
Mand. MC LHan OCM cun dzw~n dz~n ! dz~n ff [T] ONW dzon . Acc. to SW, cai ::t *dz;} is phonetic. grass jilln, zun dzien c , dzw~ncdzenc dz~ns dz~ns ~ repeat jilin dzien dzen c jilin dzien c dzen c dz~ns
W.
cd
;fff11¥ =
K. 477
II II
Mand. MC grass Jlan tsien c c [D) PMin *tsan 'straw mattress' repeat jilin dzien c
33-24
=
a
jt
33-25
= K. 478
a
LHan
nw~nc
= K. 432
b
33-23 a
MC
LHau tsen c
ts~ns
dzen c
dz~ns
OCB *dz;;m - 33-23/477a Ii
OCM - 33-22/432b
i1fff
K. 454
7t
Maud. MC LHau OCM chen t~hjenB/C t~hinB/C tshr~n?, tshr::lns GSR has the wrong MC initial category (Coblin 1983: 240).
Mand. MC LHau OCM before Xlan sien sen s~n [T] Sin Sukchu SR sjen ( 2jL ); MGZY syan [sjen]; MTang sian < sian, ONW sen [E] TB : WT bsel( -ba) 'safeguard, guide' (as escorting a convoy); Chepang ~ syal?- 'to lead, go, do first, open way'
en
329
33
7t lead
oeM *-~n X:g~ (1) (GSR 416-485) senc senB
s~ns
senB senB, sei B senB , sei B
s~n?
0
sien c sienB xian ~ [E] TB: WT zil 'brightness, splendor' sienB xian WcWJt sien B, siei B xian, xi ~Jt sienB, sieiB xian, xi [E] WT bsil 'wash'; = 26-32/594g Wi f7\jjlc shen ~jen shen ~jen ~Jt - 32-33/382 ~; 32-37/484 fl shen! ,~ ~jen
33-26
= K. 439
a
M
f gh
xHm
1Jt k:l n
Mand. ben
Me pwan B
OCB *sans
s~n?
s~n?, s~i? s~n?, s~i?
~m
sr~n
~in
sr~n
~in
sr~n
LHan panB
oeM p~n?
33-27 = K. 440 a
*
Mand. Me LHan oeM ben pwan B p~nB p~n? [f] Sin Sukchu SR pun (1:); PR pan; LR pan; MGZY bun (1:) [pun); ONW pon, -> Tai-Wuming pl¢n Cl 'volume' [E] TB *bul - *pul > Lushai bul R < *buul? 'beginning, base, stump', NNaga pul 'tree ' , Garo bol 'root, stump'; JP phun 55 'tree, wood', ? WT sbun - spun 'stalk of a plant'
33-28
= K. 438
ad
jif~
e f
Mand. Me LHan oeM ben pw;m pan p~n OCB pun [f] BTD Skt. pal-. [E] TB *plol): JP phrol)33 'flee, run away', Mikir arplol) < *r-plol) 'run' 3f il)plol) < *m-plol) 'run, gallop', Lahu ph::> 'flee', ? WB hrol) 'flee' ~ft fen pjwan pun pan fen bjwan bun ban
'l&
33-29 = K. 437 a
ef
9
Mand. Me LUan oeM ben pw~n pan p~n [E] TB: Lushai phuurR < phuur? 'eager' fen bjwan bun ban great C c ornate bi pje pioi paih ~~ pen phan(C) phan(C) ph~n, pMns [E] TB-Lushai phU?L 'to blowout of the mouth (water, smoke), squirt'; WT phu-ba, spun-pa 'puff of breath' J(~ ron? 1~ ben See 33-28/438e. fen pjwan pun pan ~ fen pjwan C punc pans fen bjwan bun ban it [E] TB: Lepcha bun-rf 'an edging, frame, border' fen bjwan bun = 33-30/471 15} ban .~ fen bjwan bun ban :fjt tumulus fen bjwan bun ban [f] MTang bvun, ONW bun bunB :fjt swell up fen bjwan B ban?
jt brave
j h o
fl
p
fJ
qr m
330
33 n s
t~
oeM *-;;m 3C€f~ (I) (GSR416-485)
bunB bjw;}n B fen [T] Sin Sukchu SR vun (J: ), PR v::m; MGZY H(w)un bjw;}n(B) bun(B) fen
• ~
33-30 = K. 471 a 7t
ron?
jZ), PR f:;ln; MGZY H(w)un (.>jZ) [fun ?]; ONW pun, BTD Skt. pil)[c;la], pUl) [c;la], pUrt,la fen bjw;}n c bun c rons [T] ONW bun [E] ST *pun: JP phun 55 'part' (unit of weight) phun 33 'part' (monetary unit), Lushai bUl)H 1 bunL 'to cut, break or divide into two or more pieces for'; WB puil)B 'divide ' :;l-puil)B 'division, part'
*
ef
~m
d
~ '1'JJ
h
fen
9
o
m
ghemp
~
m
ffi
s p
phjw:;ln
phun
p:m
x
OCB *phj:;ln 'mist, vapors'
bjw:;ln
fen
phjw;}n bjw;}n B
bun ph un bunB
bjw;}n(B) bjw;}n c
bun(B) bun c
ron, b;}n?
fen fen
fen [E] ? TB: Lushai p:>:>IH 'straw' bw;}n pen
33-31
ron ph:;ln ron? rons
b;}n
oon
fen
bjw;}n
bun
ron
ban
pan
pan
pdin
Mand.
Me
LHan
bin
pjen 3
pin
= K. 472
•
ph;}n
fen
pan pan pjen 3 pin bjen 3 bin TB: WT dbul 'poor' pjen 3 pin P~lll phanC phenC OCB *phrins R! (Baxter 1992: 433) 'black and white
v
a
pun
ban bin pfn [T] ONW bin [E] bin
q u
33-32
pjw;}n
fen phjw:;ln phun ph;}n OCB *phj:;ln fen phjw:;lnBJc phunBJC ph;}n?Js [E] Area etymon: Lushai tiL-puun H 'to increase (as water, wound)' OKhmer vva(n)i, Khmer bUna Ipuunl 'to amass, accumulate, to heap, stack, pile' fen bjw;}n bun ron bjw:;ln fen bun ron
disorder
k
fen
len pjw:;ln B pun B p;}n? [E] ? ST *pul : TB-PKiranti phill 'flour', WB phun 'dust ' PVM *bu:l? ' dust' fen phjw:m phun ph;}n
jn
m n r
*
pran pr;}n br;}n pr;}n phri'ns in contrast ' oeM pr;}n
=33-34/ 474c OCB *brj;}n = 33-31
f!I!l
?
= 33-30/471
ltll
Mand. LHan Me oeM fen pjw;}n c punc p;}ns [T] Sin Sukchu SR vun ($;), PR, LR v;}n; MGZY H(w)un ($;) [vun ?] [D] PMin *piun c [E] WT brun 'dung', Mru priin 'manure, filth '
331
33 33-33 = K. 473 a
f!f
Mand. fen
oeM *-:m ::z.g~ (1) (GSR 416-485) Me pjw;)n c
LHan punC
oeM p;)ns
33-34 = K. 474 Mand. Me LHan oeM a:vt fen bjw;)n bun ~n OCB bjun [E] TB *plol) > Kachin prol)33 'to be burnt (as a house)', M ikir phlol) 'burn the dead, cremation ' ; Lhota lrul) 'burn', Mishmi Hiul) c bin pjen 3 pin pr;)n = 33-30/471u
W
33-35 = K. 441
a
e d f
9
GYSX : 420 Mand. Me LHan oeM men mw;)n m;)n m~n OCB m;)n F~ [T] Sin Sukchu SR mun (3jI); PR , LR m;)n; MGZY mun (3JL ) [mun]; ONW mon < m;)n; BTD Skt. mal).a, mana. MHan ~r' sOI)-m;)n sramaJ.1a [E] TB *mu:r > WT mur 'gills'; Limbu mura 'mouth, beak' men ~ 32-40/457t 1~ f,t~ unconsc. men mw;)n m;)n m~n f,L~ sad men mw;)n c m;)n c m~ns hear wen mjw;)n mun m;)n OCB mjun R! [T] Sin S. SR vun ( 3JL ), PR v;)n; MGZY wun (3jI) [vun] ; MTang mvun < mun, ONW mun wen mjw;)n c mun c m;)ns fame C Ft:l9 wen mjw;)n mun c m;)ns
Iifl
mr",
[T] MHan ~o-munc (*sra-m;)ns) Skt. sramaJ.1a [E] TB *m-ngm : WT mnam-pa 'to smell of'; WB nam 'stink' m1i 31 _nam 55 'to hear, smell' MY *nhoMB 'to hear, smell'
rMl 33-36 a
kl h
min, mfn
mjen 3! [GY] min
= K. 475
~
namB/c 'smell', JP
mr:m
Mand. Me LHan oeM mjw;)n m;)n wen mun [T] Sin Sukchu SR vun (3JL ), PR, LR v;)n; MGZY wun (3JL ) [vunl; MTang BTD ~iW x sak-kU)a-mun SkI. sakyamuni; manUusrf] , manmjw;)n wen mun m::ln [0] PMin *mhun mjw::lnBjC wen mun B/ C m::ln?, m::lns c C wen mun mjw::ln ! m::lns mjw;)n C mun e m::lns 1)£ a river wen mw;)n [N] dirty m::ln mem men minB min mjen B 3 mr::ln? ootfiJ (p. 434, tone A!) mfn mjen 3 mr::ln (or mun?) min ~~J)( 1§= linc lin Ijen C r::lns
::z
GYSX: 525; 527 mvun, ONW mun ;
!l&l
:&
*
qs mno
332
OCB *mrjgn(?) ~
=6-2411 252d
Wen bu )(.g~ (2)
oeM rime *-un, *-wan
34
GSR 416 - 485 Baxter 1992: 425 ff. (§ 10.1.5)
See Table 28-1 for OeM rimes *-un / -w:m, *-ut and *-ui / -w;}i in QYS categories. See Intro. 5.2 .3 about the removal of OeB medial *r in some Me Div. 3/3 syllables. Table 34-1: OCM rimes *-un, *-w;}n, *-win, *-ut, *-W;}t, *-wit Div.
*-un R .34
*-w:m, *-win R .3 4,32
*-ut R.31
*-W;}t, *-wit R .3 1,29
I
12!§ khw;}n C khu;}n C *khuns ¥'x. tw;}n tu;)n *tun
~ khw;)n B khu:m B *khwan?
~ ~
1B kw;)t ku;)t *kwat
;g kjw;}n kun *kw;)n
-
III gr
~
jw;)n wun *w;)n
Ftll
III gr 3/3
~ gjwen B 3 guin B *gun?
III ac
~
I±l tshjwet tshuit *k-hlut
tshjwen tshuin *thun ffI-~
'*
IV gr
3/4 w
khjw;}t khut *khut
-
-
ft jiwen BjuinB *jun?
II
kw;)t ku;)t *kO t thW;)t thU;}t *thGt
kwlin kurn *kwran
myWlit
gurt *grOt
~IJ
kwlit kurt *kwrft
'A yiwet yuet *wi't
khiwen B khuen B *khwfn? i1 yiwen B yuen B *wi'n?
ill xiwet huet
~t1 kjiwen4 kuin *kwin
mkjiwet4 kuit
*hwi't
I.>] jiwen win *win 'l'ii] sjwen suin *swin
*kwit 1m jiwet wit *wit too sjwet suit *swit
@EI *khrun rimes with ~ *run, $i *m-dun, ~ *run, ~ *dun, ~ *sOn (Shi 112,3)
II
*kun rimes with ~ *thun (Shi 23.1)
34-1
= K.
a
c-d
~ elder bro kun! kw;}n ku;}n kfin OCB *kun [fJ ONW kon. MHan Wi~ R ge-kun LH krk-ku:m < krek-kOn, and ~R jiiln-kun LH kenku:m < ken-kGn Qyrqyz < qyrqyf (Pulleyblank 1983: 455) ilJl=&~~ kun ! kw;}n ku;}n kfin
hij
~Hf.m1fJ®
efg
til=&*EUm
417
Mand.
gun gun
MC
LHan
kw;}n kw;}n
B
OCM
ku;}n
kfin
ku;}n B
kfin?
333
34 k
ylB chaos a tribe
;tIt
oeM
hun gun hun, kun
34-2 = K. 418 abe all~
Mand. gun
34-3 = K. 419
*-un ,
*-w~n
)(:g~ (2) (GSR 416-485)
yw~nB
yu~nB
kw~n
ku~n
yw~nB , kw~n
yu~nB, ku~n
gun? ! kun gun?, kun
Me
LHan
kw~nB
ku~nB
oeM kun?
Mand. gun
Me
LHan
oeM
ku~nB
kw~n?
Me kwan
LHan kuen
oeM
~
Mand. guan
~
guan
kwan
34-5 = K. 421
t$
Mand. kun
34-6 =K. 422
OCM
a
~
34-4 = K. 481 a e
a
a be d
\« IIIJI[
wil
34-7 = K. 423 a
g~
7G
34-8 = K. 424 a
-=b"
!i'[
kw~nB
!
kwr~n
=34-13/458b llfl
=32-5/3661 aCB *kwr;;Jn
- ~ *kwrfn 32-3/369a
*-w~n
kuen
kwr~n
Me
LHan
oeM
khw~n
khu~n
khw~n
=34-6/422a «
WT kun gw:m gjw:m gun qun = 34- 11 /485d kjwen 3 kuin kun jun khuin, khjwen 3, khun, qun,
m
yun jiong xun
~ ~
m
?jwen 3 gjwen B 3 xjw~n
?uin guin B hun
?run! gun? hw:m
OCB *grjun?
= 461 ~~I.\fUt ONW hun thw~n thu~n sw tun [N] The initial MC th_ has perhaps resulted through paronomastic attraction from familiar words for 'spit' and the like, like tub ~ and tli o±; a similar case is 4-61/999tu . Mundane possibilities must be ruled out before one assumes unusual initial clusters for late OC'
mvomit 34-13
= K. 458
a cde
*
f9
.U
b h ij Imn
k
Mand. Me LUan oeM kjw~n kw~n jiin kun w;)ns yun jw:m c wun c .JI~ ~ [f] Sin Sukchu SR yn (* ); MGZY xwin (*) [fiwin]; ONW un jw;)n c , w;)ns, yun, wun c , C C xuan xjwun hyon hwans jw;)n c w;)ns wun c yun ~ yw;)n yu;)n gun run. wat. hun yw;)n B yu;)n B gun? ! confused hun hw~n hun! xjw~n hun hw~i hUI xjwei hui hUI xjwei hui hw~i *,f~ni xjwei hw~i :1$ flame hUI hui c c jw;)n wun brightness yun w~ns
OCB
*wj~n
i' i'
!t
wB$
34-14
= K. 460
a b
-:c.
c e
[f] ONW kun
~
Mand. yun
Me jw~n
LUan wun
OCB *hwj:;Jj
oeM w~n
OCB *wj:;Jn
yun jw~n wun w~n OCB *wj:;Jn [f] Sin Sukchu SR yn (Jf); MGZY xwin (Jf) [fiwin] ; ONW un; BTD Skt. -hula [D) PMin *hiun, W-Wenzh fiyOl)A2, Guangzh wan A2 w;)n yun jw~n wun = 23-10/277j w;)n OCB *wj:;Jn yun jw~n wun [E) TB: WT yur-ma 'the act of weeding '
335
34 d
:j:i
f
~ a plant ~rich
9
it
34-15
= K. 461
ad
• 11
efg
lUtfJlI
hi
t.!1lI
oeM
yun yun yun hun
Mand . xun [f] ONW hun xun
:l:j
xun xun!
*-un, *-W;ln
)( i'f~ wun B
(2) (GSR 416-485)
jW;ln B jW;ln jW;ln(C)
wun wun(C)
YW;ln
YU;ln
w;ln? W;ln W;ln, W;lns w;}n
Me xjw;ln
LHan hun
oeM hW;ln
xjw;ln
hun
hW;ln
oeB *xjun
xjw;ln xjwun
hun hyan
hW;ln hwan
= 34-l2/459h ~
[f] BTD Skt. -vajil-
OCB *xjun
34-16 = K. 426 acd .m.Y.mi$~
Mand. Me LHan oeM wen ?w;ln ?u;ln ?un ~ [f] Sin Sukchu SR ?un (~); MGZY 'un (:lJZ) [?un]; ONW ?on [E] ST *ur: TB-Lushai uur H 'to smoke, to heat, distill; to warm' a plant wen ?w;ln ?u;ln ?un h accumul. yun ?jw;lnB/C ?un B/ C ?un?, ?uns B C B C accumul. yun ?jw;ln / ?un / ?un?, ?uns rrJ ONW ?un ?un?, ?uns f floss yun ?jw;ln B/ C ?un B/ C influence yun ?jw;ln ?un ?un wen ?W;ln ?U;ln ?un brown yun ?jw;ln C ?un C ?uns OCB ?juns e B yun ?jw;ln ?un B ?un? 9 ~ ?auB ?6u B ? ?u? ? 1244e [N] The OC vowel *u, LH -ou, is suggested by the phonetic, but it could also be *liu
m g
#1
tmi
ao
9.&
34-17 af
=
K. 427
Mand. tun 'To come out, emerge' hill tun
4:i: 1 > m
4:i: 2 4:i: 3 difficult
deg h
n
Me LHan dW;ln dU;ln (seedling) [SW, Fayan] dW;ln dU;ln
oeM dun
dun zhun tjwen ~uin trun 'I'~~tj:i,$H tun dW;ln dU;ln dun 1iB chaos dun dW;ln B dU;ln B dun? B confused tun, dun dWdn, dW;ln dU;ln(B) dun(?) ~ dun dW;ln c dU;ln c [f] ONW don duns WT rtul-po 'dull, blunt' i[ dun tW;ln c tU;ln c tuns [f] Sin Sukchu SR tun (*); MGZY dun WT klul) 'ri ver ' ; Kachin krUI) 'valley, dale', OBurm. khJOI), WB khyuil)B 'stream '
337
34
oeM *-un, *-w:m
)(~~ (2) (GSR 416-485)
e
shun dzjwen C zuin c m-luns [f] Sin Sukchu SR z,yn MGZY cyun [dz,yn] ; ONW zuin ~ xun zjwen zuin s-lun
f
,~JII
d b
fJII
34-21
= K. 465
c
a b e
f c
II~
f.:JII
Lushai saL-zu F 'rat', saL-zuL-pui R 'hare' ='big rat'; JP yu SS - yun 33 'rat, mouse', WB yun 'rabbit'. [N] The graphs in this series could be reconciled if we assume OCM *tshjun with fc *jun as phonetic. ~ draw back qun tshjwen tshuin tshjun
~ rapid
xun
sjwen C
338
34 za' b' d' e' c'
f' g'h' 34-24 a cdf
e
oeM
*-un,
*-w~m
::Zim
(2) (GSR 416-485)
~~
sjwenC suin c sjuns 1& = 34-32/466a M jim! dzw;}n dzu;)n dzun b' cun son suan swan suan ~~ son, swan. suan swan suon ~ [El TB *su:r - *swa:r 'sour' > Kan. sur-k, Lushai thuur R < thuur?, Mikir thor 'sour' tshjwan tshyan tshon quan t~ tsu;}i C tsuih tsw~ic zui, zun 1~ tsuai tsui zuf tsw~i g' JJ3t ~
~?
K. 470
Mand. Me LHan oeM lun ljwen luin run lun ljwen luin run OCB rjun {lfH [fl Sin Sukchu SR lun ( :lJL-ft); MGZY lun (:lJL -ft) [lun]; ONW Ion *lfH cord lun ljwen luin run cord guan kwan kuan krun OCB krun ~W lun ljwen, Iw;}n(C) luin, lu;}n(C) run, run, runs [E] TB: Lushai r::>:mH 'to ask advice, consult' ~ ro:m L < roonh « roons) 'to suggest, advise' 'I~ lun, lun ljwen, Iw;}n B luin, lu;}n B run, run? Wi :f1l'fi lun lw;}n luan run
=
1fij
1Rllmaifl *W
b
g hij
34-25 = K. 12510p r~ *m;}n 'door' is not necessarily phonetic, it simply may have been intended to suggest the notion 'in between something' (cf. jian Fa9 ). Mand. MC LHan OCM c C nijwen nuin nuns op run 34-26 = K. 430 Mand. Me LHan oeM aim ~;jf~ zUn tsw;}n tsu;}n tsun • [f] Sin Sukchu SR tsun (:lJL); MGZY dzun (:lJL ) [tsun]; ONW tson [E] TB: WT btsun-pa 'noble, honorable' jkl zun tswan B tsu;}n B tsun? J'.t# [E] TB: WT tshul 'way of acting, conduct , right way, orderly' n !II squat dUn / / dzw;}n dzuan dzun !II posture qUn tshjwen tshuin tshun dzuns o zun zUn dzun? , dzuns p zUn tsjwen tsuin tsun q
1tU.ttt
.
j,
m
34-27
= K. 431
a
-t
cd
10'1'1
34-28 ad
ef
Mand. Me LHan cun tshwan C tshu;}n C [f] Sin Sukchu SR ts'un (-ft); MGZY tshun WT ldeb 'leaf, sheet', JP giPI_lep 31 'flat', Lushai depF 'flat' ttfl~~ die diep dep lep ~.rto. die (xue) diep dep - (blood) flowing [Shiji] ~ ye jiap, siep jap, sep lep, slep Wn ye, xie jiap, xjap 3 jap, hiap lap, hap ~ she sjap sap lhep xie siep sep slep
35-10 = K. 633 ade
[T] ONW dzap
nI
35-11 = K. 1255a Mand. ab die iffb
Me diep = 35-10/633g ~ ; - 37-12/690g
35-12 = K. 637 al ~lt cdg ftttmtJjj .~
Mand. lie lie
Me ljap ljap
m
LHan dep [T] ONW dep LHan liap liap
343
oeM lep
oeM rap rap
35
lie
f
OCM *-ap, *-ep :&:g~ (GSR 628-642)
ljap
liap
rap
[E] TB *rap > KN-Lushai rapL I ra?L 'to tread (upon), trample upon'
lie
e
ljap
liap
rap
lap
dip
[E] TB *lip I *Iep 'turtle'
la
Hip
[T] Sin Sukchu SR la (/\); ONW lap
la
Hip
[E] TB: Maru rap 'lac insect', Nung k'::l-rap 'wax ' Viet. sap 'wax'
35-13
= K. 638 The OCM vowel in some or all of these words could also be *e.
a
Al it
b c d
LHan oeM Me Mand. nie I,ljap I,lop map nie I,ljap I,lop map [T] ONW nap [E] ST *s-njap - *r-njap: WT rnab-rnab-pa 'to seize or snatch together' Hi nie I,ljap I,lop map ~I re nijap nap nap Jill she sJap sap nhap [E] MK: Khmer spap she sjap sap nhep OCB *hnjep [T] ONW sap zhe tsjap tsap tap JI12 she tsjap tsap tap ~ 37-12/690h 'tg'/; 37-8/685h It:L The words Me tsjap are first attested in the Liji; they are therefore late applications of this phonetic
e
1.1
a d
A2
35-14 = K. 1255e Mand. e nie
Me niep
LUan nep
oeM nep or nip
35-15 = K. 635 ad ef ~fi
Me tshjap tsjap
LUan tshiap tsiap
~ap
~ap
oeM tshap tsap srap
¥
*~
9
~
35-16 = K. 636 ab at~ [E] MK: c ~ d llt 35-17 ab c
Mand. qie jie sha
Me Mand. jie dzjap Khmer, OKhmer ca'pa Icapl jie, zl'm dzjap, ts~m B jie tsjap
'exhausted'
[T] ONW tsiap
LUan oeM dziap dzap 'to yrasp ... , seize, catch' dziap dzap tsiap tsap
= K. 631
Mand. Me LHan chit t~hap t~hEP = fbi: 1254b sha ~ap, ~jap ~EP, ~ap ~ [E] Tai: S. cap4 'to smear over, paint'
m1ffi
oeM tshrep
OCB *tshrjop
srep, srep
35-18 = K. 1254b Mand. Me LHan oeM b t& cM t~hap t~hEP tshrep = 35-17/631a ~ The element 7Jz. 'reach ' is perh. partially semantic. See also 37-21681.
344
35 35-19 = K. 1255c Mand. e ~ xie
oeM *-ap, *-ep ~ffG (GSR 628-642) Me siep
LHan sep
oeM sep or SIp
'harmonious; march'
35-20 = K. 641 Mand. Me LHan oeM a bjwup buap bap Z [T] MTang bvuap, ONW buap < bap [E] WT 'bab-pa « *Nbab), babs 'fall down' ~ 'bebspa « *Nbebs), phab 'to throw down' = 1~ Hm phjwum C phuamC phams b =36-27/626c~; 36-26/625fV'L [E] WT 'byam-pa < *Nbjam 'to flow over, be diffused' d bUin pjam B 3, pjum B piam B pram? [E] TB: OTib. 'pham-ba, ph am 'to be diminished' bian, pjam C 3, piam c , e prams beng Pdlf Pdl)C p~ms
fa
35-21 = K. 642 Mand. Me LHan lk ~ift fa pjwup puap [T] Sin Sukchu SR fa (A); ONW pap> puap. is not phonetic.
345
1*
oeM pap is a later simplification, hence
qu $;: *khah
36
oeM rime *-am, *-em
Tan bu
g.&.:g~
GSR 606 - 627 Baxter 1992: 537 ff. (§10.3.1)
See Table 35-1 for OCM rimes *-am, *-ap, *-em, *-ep in QYS categories. Words in MC -jam after acute initials (sjam, tsjam, etc.) can derive from OCM *-am and *-em; MC -iem can reflect OCM *-fm and *-em. OCM *-am can correspond to PCH, ST and foreign *-am or *-om; OCM *-am (MC -jam) can reflect PCH, ST and foreign *-am, *-em, and *-om.
36-1 acd
g hi
jl k
K. 606 Mand. Me LHan oeM tnijd gan kam kam kam [f] Sin Sukchu SR kam (f), PR kan; MGZY gam (f) [kam]; ONW kum [E] TB *klum 'sweet', OCM *k1im < *klam (prob. < **kluam < **klom) han yam gam gam qian gjam 3 giam gam [D] PMin *ghiam 'pincers' qian gjam 3 giam gam gim k~mc bm c k~ms < klgms [E] PTai *klgm B1 'dark red, purple, dark, black' AN *kelam 'dark'
=
36-2 = K. 607
a:ij)(
d
e f
~ ~
IlM ~
h!li ,. k m
111&
1Jjfj(
51
36-1 was originally not part of the graph and therefore not phonetic.
Mand. Me LHan oeM gan kamB kamB kam? [f] Sin Sukchu SR kam (1:), PR kan; MGZY gam (..t) [kam]; ONW kum [E] ST *k-wam: TB *hwam 'dare' PI.N. kan kham C kham C khams roar xian, han XamB, hamB ham?, hram? or hr~m? xamB, xamB [E] Area word: MK-PMonic *gr;);)m > Nyah Kur 'to growl (of tiger or dog)' TB-Lai hraam 'to growl, groan' kan kham C kham C khams B kan, kham , khamB, kham?, tan, tham? ? (or rham? ?), I)gm yfn yan IJjum I)iam I)am OCB *ng(r)jam [f] Sin Sukchu SR jem (f), PR, LR jen; MGZY ngem (f) [I)em]; ONW I)am yan I)am I)am I)ram - 36-6/6l3fg ~~ [flONW I)am [E] TB: WT rl)ams-pa 'height' yan IJjum B l)iam B I)am? OCB *ng(r)jom? (?) B xian xjam hiam B ham? (or hl)am?)
346
36 36-3 a
= K. 608
36-4
= K. 624
a
'X
f~
c d
36-5
a ac
d
e-f g
k
oeM *-am, *-em ~:gB (GSR 606-627)
Mand. Me LUan xian yam gam 38-3/652a ~ is probably partially phonetic
oeM gram
oeM LUan Me Mand. qi!m khjem C khiam c khams [f] Sin S. SR k'jem (:t;), PR, LR k'jen; MGZY khem (:t;) [k'eml [El TB *kam 'to yawn' ji~m, gjam B 3 !, giam C gams C qian gjem kh~m? =38-5/672e f~ kan kan kh~mB 'to chop' (wood, a tree)' [D] PMin *kham B ~ 'chop' [El ST *bm: TB-Chepang khamh- 'fell tree'
K. 609 ~ 1 see
oeM Me LUan Mand. jian kam(C) kam kram ~2~1i m. Jlan kamc kamc krams 'mirror' [f] Sin Sukchu SR kjam (*), PR (kjan), LR kjen; MGZY (gyam » gyam (:t;) [kjamJ ~1t basin han yam C grams gamC jian kam kam kram g!foi ~ han! yam B gam B gram? ±"'t nn =~ jian, han yam B, yam B gam B, gamBgram?, gam? [E] TB: WB khram 'fence, enclosure' 3f ;)-ram 'fence forming an enclosure ' Ian lam lam ram OCB *g-ram [f] ONW lam [D] PMin *lam [E] Area word: AN *tayum 'indigo'; PTai *gram A2 'indigo' WT rams 'indigo', WT ram(-pa) 'quick grass', Mru charam 'indigo' hin lam lam ram ~ OCB *g-ram ~ [D] Min *lam: Ji!mou salf! 'basket' lamB Ian lamB ram? [f] TB: JP mlj3!-ram 55 'to observe, view' fI~ Ian lamB lamB raml [D] Gan-Nanchang b n 2I3, Ke-Meix nam 3! (tone B), Yue-Guangzh lam 23 (tone B), MinXiamen lam 5 ! (B) [E] Area: TB-Lushai hr~::>mR < hr::>::>m? 'grip , grasp' Tai: S. r::>::>mA2 < *r::>mA 'to collect, gather together' AA: OKhmer ram a irfi;)m/ 'to gather' ~~ Ian lamc lamc dims lomc ~ overflow Htn lam c dims lamB Hin 10m B raml join gamC yam C han tub gams B B xam hom nt: han ham? II salt yan Jlam jam jam < r-jam [f] Sin Sukchu SR jem C'JL), PR, LR jen; MGZY yem ('JL ) [jem]; ONW iam. BTD Skt. yama, -sam[-bi] [DJ PMin *ziem 'a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine' [EJ TB: WT rgyam-tshwa < *r-jam 'a kind of salt', WB yamB 'saltpeter' g to salt (yan jiam C) jam C jams [D] PMin *ziem c2
=
11:
"'-
It
£11: 'I:
oi
h
m n
36-6 a
m
= K. 613 ~
LUan Mand. Me oeM qlan tshjam tshiam tsham < k-sam [N] Three XS point to a very early cluster *k-s ... > *tsh ... and *s-k ... > *kh ... : 36-6/613; 20-1/279; 20-11/309; see EDOC §5.9.1; see §5.S.1 for *s-k ... > *kh .. .
347
36
be
qian, xian
n.1J
ji~ln
h,~
Ylln lian
d e
fg
k
1
m
c
e
sjam
tshiam(B),
tsham(?) < k-sam(?),
siam
sam
kjum C kiam c karns [f] ONW kam B B ~ jHin kjam , kjum kiam B kam? 1J& JIan gjam B giam B gam? H [E] TB: Lushai kaam 'to decrease (as water, wages, etc,), ~ kiam R 'to lessen, to reduce' ~ lilin lamB [GY], kjam B kiam B kram? [E) Tai: S. keem c1 'cheek', TB: WT 'gram-pa 'cheek', 'gram-rus 'cheekbone, jawbone ' ~~ xian xjam B 3, hiam B, hl)ram? - 36-2/6071,@ B B xjum hiam
3ft
I]jam c Ijam(B/C) Ijam B/ c
I)iam c ham(B/C) ham B/ C
Ijam C
liam c
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
Jlan
kiem(C)
kem(C)
kern, kerns
~ accumul. Iian ~ enshroud li~ln
*
jian
t9ft dissatisf. 'It satisfied rjf ~
qian qie qian qilln
f j
~ ~
qian xian
k
~lfi WIll'
xi~ln
g
it
*l
kiem khiem B
kern khem B
kern khem{
khiep
khep
khep
khiem B, yiem B
khem B,
khem?,
gemB khem B,
gem?
khiem
khem B/ C khem
khrem?, khrems khem
yiem yiem B
gem gemB
gem gem?
khiem B, kham B/ C
Ii an liem Iem [N] GSR nian is a ghost reading (Coblin 1983: 151). lian liem, Ijam lem, ham
Jjt
36-8 a
b
e e
ram?, rams
[T] ONW kern [E] MK: PMonic *cki;;lm, OMon ckem 'to grasp, pick up'
~
mn
IJrams ram, ram?, rams
rams [E] AA: OKhmer rum [rum] 'to wind, roll, coil, surround, encircle, wrap (a corpse) ' ~ Win Ijam(B) liam(B) ram, ram?
36-7 = K. 627 a b d
oeM *-am, *-em ~~:g~ (GSR 606-627)
Jian Ijam ham [T] ONW liam [E] Tai : S. liam B ! (WSiam hli:am] ~. Iian Ijam ham
= 35-3/630n j~
khem?,
rem rem, rem rem rem
Mand. Me LHan oeM yan ?jam B 3 ?iam B ?am? = 36-9/6ISab ~m: [T] ONW ?am. MHan ~~ ?iamB-sa C Abzoae, A6pcrl0l an ?~mB ?;;lm B ?gm? [f] ONW ?om
an yan
?~m, ?~p
?jam B 3, ?jum B
yan,
?jam 3 ?jam B 3,
an
?~mB
yan
?::lm, ?::lP ?iam B
?gm , ?gp ?am?
?tam
?am
?iamB, {::lm B
?am?, ?gm?
348
36 d
M
iJIt
ft
yan, yan
#
m:
?jam(B) 3, ?jBmB
?4am(B)
lam?
ye ?jBP ?iap ?ap [EJ TB: WT yab-pa - g-yab-pa « *g-?jap) 'to lock, cover over', yab-yab-pa 'hide, conceal' yan ?am B hm B ?ram? = 38-4/671k
36-9 = K. 615 a b
oeM *-am, *-em ~:g~ (GSR 606-627)
= :R:;
Mand.
Me
?jam B 3, k;)m B yan yan ?jam B 3 36-8 it rrJ ONW ?am yan ?jam B, ?jum B ?am B yan
LHan
oeM
?4am B ?4am B
lam? ?am?
?4am B ?;}m B
lam? ?gm?
LHan
oeM
c d
Yfr.
36-10
=
ad
?iam(C) ?jiam(C) 4 ?em, ?ems yan ~*m [TJ ONW ?iam [EJ PTai *?im 61 'full, satiated' ?jiam C 4 ?iam C ?ems mK satiate yan yan ?em content ?jiam 4 ?iam B ?EmB cover yan ?rem? ?am ye ?jap 4 ?iap ?ep press yan ?jiam 4 ?iam ?em ~ B, B yan, ?jiam 4, ?iam ?em?, ~ ?jiip 4 ?iap ?ep ye ?em? ?jiam B 4 ?iam B yan .~ ?rap lap lap ya ~ [TJ Sin Sukchu SR ?ja (7-) [DJ M-Xiam col. a?Dl, a?D2, lit. apDl
c
e
9
-f h
~ K. 616
36-11 = K. 619 ab ~Di
Mand.
Mand.
Me
Me
LHan
=f#; 36-8 it
oeM
tsjam tsam tam [E] TB *C-Iam zhan tsam OCB *tjam c zhan tsjam tam III - 2:136-12/618a tsham tshjam tham d • cut out chan C C tshjam tsham thams coat chan tshjam tsham chan tham e §.l shlm dams f ijam C diam c /"< damBJc damBJc dan dam?, dams (or dlam?/s ?) mn tJi~ tomB tam B dan tam? < tlam? [TJ ONW tsam [E] AA: PNBahn. *klam 'liver', PVM *b:m, Katuic *Iuam; on the other hand, there is the form PPa\. *k::lnt;,:m 'liver' hi 1fiti dan tam tam tam < tlam k :tJi carry dan tam tom tam < tlam [TJ ONW tam [DJ PMin *tam 'to carry' :tJi burden dan tamC tamC tams [D] PMin tame 'a load' [E] Area word: Khmu? klam 'carryon the shoulder' , PWa *klum Kam-Tai: PT *thr-: S. haam AI 'two or more people carry' WB tham E 'to carryon the shoulder', JP t ham 55 'carry' jj function shan ijam dZam dam g:fJl yin jiam jam lam
til
III
349
36
oeM *-am, *-em ~ik:g:~ (GSR 606-627)
36-12 = K. 618 a
cd
Mand. LHan Me zhan tsjam tsam d [T] ONW tsam. BTD Skt. cam- -1lJlli 36-1II619c Yr!i~ zhan tjam ~am [T] MTang ~am, ONW tam [EJ AA: Khmer Itraml chan ~hjam ~ham 1~ chan ~hjam(C) ~ham(C) ~J?, tsham tshjam 'l'ti discord. zhan I thep thiep tie submit di~ln, tiem C, tem C, sam(C) sjam(C) shan tem C di~ln tiem C :ttl temBjC tiemBjC dilln fti6iJ B temB dil'ln tiem ~~
oeM tern
OCB *tjem
trem 'to soak, steep' threm f threm, threms 9 them h thep terns, J lhem,lhems terns k tern?, terns 1m tern? n e ~t5 yan jiam jam lem ~ shan sjam B sam B Ihem? =36-14/617i ~ 75 zhan ! sjam(C) sam(C) Ihem, thems pq Or!i ~6 tte thiep thep - (*nhep) 'to taste' u~ [Yupian: Guliang] [E) WT sfiab-pa 'to taste, savor' ~6 tie thiep 'To stick to, glue to' [GYj nem nem o:tti nian ! niem I)em? ~~ nian I)jam
15
36-13 = K. 1247a Mand. ab
a
Me yan jHim C [EJ Tai: S. riam B2 'beautiful'
Ii
LHan jam C
36-14 = K. 617 ~ 1 blaze a
c def
k
o p m n
oeM jams < r-jams
Mand. LHan OeM Me yan jiam 4 [JYj jam lam [T] ONW iam [E) ST and area word : TB *(s-)lyam > Tamang me-Iahm 'fl ame' (me 'fire'), Lepcha lim 'to flame up ' 3l a-lim 'flame ' ; JP lam 3l 'to flash' ~2 brilliant tan dam dam lam ~ 3 blaze yan jam 3 [GYl warn warn [NJ Early Me wiam (Pulleyblank) [E) TB: Lushai vaam L I vam F 'red-hot glowing' Tai : S. weem A2 in w:l:>m A2 -weem A2 'brilliant, glowing (of fire)' Sino-Vietn. viem ~ yan jiam B, jiam C jamB lam? or jam? ? = ~Ij B iklj~:E~ yan jiam jamB lam? or jam? ? = ~ [E) ST *r-jam 'sharp' = 38-16/646a 'J!. tan dam dam lam ~ tan dam dam lam [T] Sin Sukchu SR dam (¥), PR dan; MGZY tam ( f ) [dam] ¥~ dan damBjC damBjC lam?, lams [0] Yue-Guangzh tha:m B 'insipid ' tan, yan dam, jiam dam, jam lam , lam dam (C) tan, dan dam (C) lam, lams damB dan damB lam? - 38-5/672k u~ ; 38-16/646f ul'Ii tan Iham?
350
oeM *-am, *-em ~jfl5~ (GSR 606-627)
36 \-
g
h
~y! iJi~
samB shan sjam B Iham? =36-15/),.' [T] Sin Sukchu SR ~jem c.t); MGZY shem (1:.~) [~em]; ONW sam chan tshjam tsham k-hlam Xlan zjam ziam s-Iam = 36-16/646d~ ; 38-5/672o:lllil [E] TB: WT slam-pa 'to parch' iJi~Mf; tHin thiemBJc themBjC lhem? , lhems
36-15
00 36-16
=
Mand. shan [T] Sin Sukchu SR
K. 621
Me LUan samB sjam B ~jem U::); MGZY shem (1:.~)
Tongue'
oeM Iham? [~ em]; ONW sam
=
36-14/617i
m
15 in this group is more semantic ('pointed, lick, sweet ' ) than
phonetic. LUan oeM Mand. Me Xlan sjam siam sem [E] TB *syam > WB sain, Rgyarung som 'iron', Nung sam 'iron, sword ' tian diem dem lem OCB *lfm sweet [E] TB *lim 'sweet' tian diem dem lem [E] TB: Lepcha glyam 'be calm, to calm ' , Lushai thleem R 'to comfort, pacify'
a
b
36-17
=
K. 1247c
c
*
LUan Mand. Me themBjC thiemBjC tian B themB thiem tian W B [D] Yue: Guangzh li:m ! « *lim?) 'lick' [E] TB *(s-)Iyam 'tongue', Kanauri lem ' lick'. KS: them thiem tian ~ [D] PMin *diem B 'full ' PTai *tl->S. tem A ! ' full '
36-18 = K. 622 ab e f
afI} IJ.!IJ to chew ~fI}
h
jk
f~ jlf~~
1
;ffIt
mn
I!fI:}
Mand. ran ran ran , nian nin ran nan dan!, min
Me nzjamB nzjam nzjamB, niemB nzjam nzjam(C) n~m
tham, nam
LUan namB nam namB, nemB nam nam(C) ngm thorn , nom
oeM Ihem?, lhems lhem? OCB *hlfm? lick Mulam *Ija:ms ' lick'
oeM nam? nam nem?, nem? nam nam, nam s n~m
nham, nam
36-19 = K. 623 a
36-20
Mand. Me LUan oeM ran nzjamBjC namBjC nam? , nams [T] Sin Sukchu SR rjem (1:.*) ; MGZY 'em [> rem] ( 1:.~ ) [rem); ONW nam [E] Tai : PTai *iluom C2 'to dye'; Old Sino-Viet. nhuom Mand. jian
Me tsjam
LUan tsiam
351
oeM tsam or tsem= 36-21 /620
m
36 36-21
= K. 620
afg
mt
e cd h
OCM *-am, *-em ~~.g~ (GSR 606-627)
The OC rime could be either *-am or *-em. Me LHan oeM Mand. tsjam tsiam tsam jian ~.~ tsjam tsiam tsam jian = 36-22/611 f m; 38-1116581 1 tsam tsiam jian tsjam prick 2 sam siam sjam #m fine xian sam sjam siam xian ~M~ srem xian, shan ~am ~em til
~=
36-20 ~
m.
#1
LHan oeM 36-22 = K. 611 Mand. Me t~amB t~emB tsram? zhan a !Il1T dzam dzam can dzam c dzam c dzams Zh~lll ! dzam c de flf'm C c tshiam tshjam tshams qi~lll g !i tsam tsjam tsiam f moisten Jlan = 36-21 /620g ~; 38-1116581 m dzam? dzjam B dziam B gradual Jlan [E] AA : Khmer jar:n /co:!Jm/ 'wet, soaked, permeated, steeped' chan dzram craggy d~am d~am dzjam B dziam B dzam? h Jlan if [E] TB: WT sdom-pa, bsdams 'to bind, tie up' jJWT shan, sh~tn ~am sram b ~am [E] TB: Kuki-N. *(s-)rjam 'sharp'
m
OCB *tsrjam?
,,~,
m m m
= 36-25/61 Oa 1;f
Almost all graphs have Me double readings with /a/ and Iii!, the OC vowel 36-23 = K. 612 could therefore have been *a or *e, possibly also *;;). We write *a by default, supported by one Shijing rime. It is not clear if 4-46 belongs to this series. LHan Mand. Me oeM dzdim a chan d~em, d~am, ~ dpm d~am dzram chan b d~am d~em d~am(C) dzram, dzrams chan , Zh~lll d~am(C) e ~ dzram, chan OCB *dzjom d d~iim , d~£m, ~ d~am(C) d~am(C) dzrams dzram c d~am, it uneven chan,zhiln d~am,
fl
d~amB
it mixed
chan, zhan
d~emB
tsham . C,
tsham . C,
d~amc
d~emc
tshrams
36-24 = K. 1154 Mand. Me LHan oeM -a-~:§~ *3;f~ shan ~am ~am sram [f] Sin Sukchu 13 SR ~am (.If), PR ~an; MGZY 1'3 sham (:SP:) [~am] [E] TB *(C-)sam 'beard' [N] The graph ~ also writes a synonym biao 13-7111154 36-25 = K. 610
a
5t
Mand. shan
Me
LHan
~am
~am
352
oeM sram
=
36-22/611 b Wi
36 36-26 = K. 625
oeM *-am, *-em ~~.g~ (GSR 606-627)
}j\. and. rime in *-;:)m and *-im in Han poetry (Luo and Zhou p . 215). Mand.
Me
a
fL
d
~fL
e
$JL
Hm
~
fan
bjw-em B bjw-em c
f
111
fan
phjwum C,
LHan
oeM
fan bjw-em buom bam [T] Sin Sukchu SR vam ( ljL ) PR van; MGZY Hwam (3JL ) [vam] ; MTang bvuam < buam, ONW bam . [E] TB: Lushai pum H 'whole, all, everywhere'; WB pum 'form, model, pattern ' bam bjw-em buom Hin buom B buom phuomC ,
bam?
= 36-27 /626b
[T] BTD Skt. brahma phams, b;:)m
bu;:)m bjul] 35-20/641b 1Z; 36-27/626c 1[!, peng, feng bUI], bjul] bu;:)m rom , b;:)m [E] ST *pum feng bjul]c bu;:)m c b;:)ms OCB *p(r)jd/um [0] Min: Xiam (lit.) hOlf2 1 wind feng pjul] pu;:)m p;:)m OCB *p(r)jd/um ma [T] Sin Sukchu SR fUI) ( ljL ); MGZY hwung (3JL) [fuI)]; MTang pfuI), ONW pUI) tJj [T] BTD Skt . brahm(a) )SI.2 criticize feng pjul]C pu;:)m c p;:)ms =
9
hi
Jt 11.
ma II
n.
pu;:)m
p;:)m
o
feng pjul] [T] BTD M ~ pUdm-mo Skt. brahma ~ teng ! pjul]C
pu;:)m c
p;:)ms
OCB *p(r)j;:>/um
V!t
feng, feng
bjul]
bu;:)m
bdm
OCB *b(r)j;:>/um
It
hin
I~m I~m
\;:)m
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
buom B
bam?
p
J.OO,
SW 388
Ian ONW lorn kip > later kip. Me -j;)P can derive from OCM *-;)P or *-ip; when a preceding velar consonant is palatalized to Me tsj- etc., the rime was *-ip, when not, the rime was *-;)p. After acute initials, Me -j;)P can go back to either OeM *-;)P (when in contact with Me -~p), or to *-ip (when in contact with Me -iep). When there is no revealing xiesheng or rime association, the final remains ambiguous. Me -iep IV can derive from oeM *-fp or *-ep (rime 35), depending on the phonetic series. Me -~p /j;)P can correspond to foreign *-;)P, *-ip, and *-up. This final is parallel to no. 38 *-;)m, see the table there.
37-1 = K. 675, 687 a-e
~~~
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
he
y~p
g;)P
g?P
OCB *gop
[T] Sin Sukchu SR ya (/\); PR, LR V':)?; MGZY Xo (/\) [V':)]; ONW yap [E] MK *kup: Khmer gwpa /kuugp/ 'to join, bring together, unite', ga 'pa /kup/ 'to join,
unite, meet with, visit often', Mon hi!l!EiOO ge k~p ¥€l jia, ge k~p, kap mn ~~i'i qia yap p #,€I jr, gei kj;)p 1 ~ jia kap k ff€l jia, jie, kap, kjnp, jie gjnp 0 jie kjnp ~ zjgp shf 687a fg- pick [E] PTai *kjgp = 37-3/686a alternate jie gjnp t!/f( Xl xj;)P 675qrs 41>J>3 a-ft )j3J ~ xjgp tu Xl mriJ he x~p ~
+
inscr. sakuip /sgkpp/ 'lid' bp k?p bp, kep k?p, kr?P gep gr?p kip bp kep kr?P kep, kiop, kr?P, kap, giop gap kiop, kap glp gip giop hip hip h;)p
gap h;)p hgp h?p
37-2 = K. 681 Mand. Me LHan oeM a jf gj;)P gip g;)P & [T] Sin Sukchu SR gi (/\); MGZY ki (/\) [gil; ONW gip [E] WB khap 'arrive at', JP khapSI 'to carry, reach' kj;)p di ji kip bp
1IH&
354
=2l-1I313k
~
37 oeM *-gp, *-ip *i-B=~ (OSR 675-696) h
V}.
Jl
kjgp
kip
kgp
[E] TB *ka:p: LB *C-kap, WB khap 'dig up, draw water'
9
~
jf
kjgp
kip
bp
rr] Sin Sukchu SR ki CA); MGZY gi CA) [ki]; ONW kip mo kl j
1'& '&:
1254b
g&
jf jf Xl
gjap 3 qjgp xjgp
fEz
(xi)
xjgp
+11,
¥i::
.>f)(IX-
giap I)ip hip
gap or grap I)gp hgp or hl)gp
[D] Min: Xi am khipDl
'to collect', see also 35-J8/1254b.
37-3 = K. 686 Mand. MC ae shf zpp rr] Sin Sukchu SR ~i CA); MGZY [E] TB *gip > WB kyip, Mikir kep f Zhl tsjgp rrJ ONW tsip [D] PMin *tsep xii! yiep Old graph for xie 35-4/639c
+1+
1+
Dt
LHan OCM dzip < gip gip =37-11687a til zhi CA) [~i]; ONW dzip [D] PMin *dzep < kip PMiao *g~uD tsip < kip kip gep
gfp
37-4 = K. 682
a
37-5 a gfh
37-6 a
b c
•
Mand. MC LHan OCM ye jap 3, jigp wap, jgp wap, 19p [E] WT lhab-lhab-pa 'to flutter to and fro, to glimmer, glisten' KT: Siam. leepD2L - maleep 'to flash (as lightning)'; PHlai ijip7 'lightning' Tai: S. weepD2_wapD2 'glittering, flashing'
= K. 683 l=l e::. fE~H~1~
OB
Mand. yi yi yi
MC ?jgp ?jgp ?jgp,
?~p
LHan ?ip ?ip ?ip, ?gp
OCM ?gp ?gp ('gp, ?gp
OCB *?(r)jup
= K. 676
The element 37-1 '@t is probably semantic ('fit, agree'). Mand. MC LHan OCM %:: tgp tgp < tup dli 3t 31-9/511a tM t~p l=l tgp tgp da t~p 1~ rr] ~ Sin Sukchu SR ta CA); ONW tap [E] m= WB tap 'put in, fix' II WT thab-pa 'to fight, quarrel' tgp tgp ff bean dli OCB *k-lup t~p [E] MY *dgp 'bean' thgp, thop th~p, thap ta thgp, thap thap thop ta 'pagoda' t~:t~
rrfr
37-7 a
= K. 684
37-8
= K.
a kmn
Mand. MC LHan tsjgp zhf tsip tsi C zhi tsih ~ [E] ? TB: WT chab 'power, authority'
.= ¥A
685
••
Mand . zhf
MC tjgp
LHan ~ip
OCM trgp
=37 -8/685f ~
OCM tgp
rr] ONW tsip
The OC vowel could be *i or *g.
355
tgts < tgpS
37 f
9 h
J 0
37-9 ab
~
zhi
oeM
*-gp, *-ip "~i.TI:~ (GSR 675-696) p
tjgp
~ip
trgp
=37-7/684a '$ [T] ONW tip
~ ~
zhe! zhi, zhe
:'I;
zhi
~ic
~is
~
di~tn
in
ji
tiem c tsjgp
tem C tsip
WT nub-pa 'to fall, sink, set' inside nei nw~ic nugs nuts < mlps [T] Sin Sukchu SR nuj ($:), LR nuj; MGZY nue ($:) [nue]; ONW nuai This graph already had a final dental in OC, hence it could be used for items with OC *-t. bring in na n~p ngp n~p < nup
a
A
e
pg
hi
pg #.ii79'PJ
j
~i79
kl
0i79 [i"fJ
na n~p ngp [T] Sin Sukchu SR na (..A.); ONW nap ne ne
nwgt nwgt,
nugt nugt,
nut nut,
nzjwat,
nuat,
not,
I).jwat, I).wat I,lUot, I).uat n
op q fS
n~p < nup
nrot
ti79
rui nzjwaiC nuas nots [E] AA: Khmer tnota /tnaaot/ 'impaling pole, skewer, spit' < ~ota /daaot/ 'to impale, run , into ... nzjwai C rui nuas nots WJ!1!V9 fui nzjwai C nuas nots C , nzjwai nuas, nuat not, nots rui
1*1
*~~~
nzjwat
37-17 = K. 696 Maud. Me LHau a nie I).Jap I).op ? [E] MK: OKhmer fiyiip /pap/ 'to tremble, fear'
¥
37-18 = K. 679 ab m@
Maud. zii
37-19 = K. 688
The vowel could also be *i.
a b c d ef
9 hi
Me ts~p
oeM nrep
LHau tSgp
Me LHau oeM ts(h)jgp ts(h)ip tSgp, tshgp ~i hem qf tshjgp tship tshgp babble qf,jf ts(h)jgp ts(h)ip tSgp, tshgp g qi tshjgp tship tshgp « s-?ip ?) [E] WT skyibs « *s-?ips ?) 'a shelter from above (from rain, etc.)' t& collect ji dzjgp dzip dzgp OCB *dzjup [T] ONW dzip gather up zhi t~jgp t~ip tSfgp ItlG1JtIG ji t~jgp t~ip tSfgp [E] ? AA: PMonic *cap, Nyah Kur '(bird) to settle on, perch', Mon *C;)p 'to adhere to, cleave to'; OKhmer /jap/ 'touch, join, meet, cling, adhere' t:f1: cluster ji, zhi tsjgp, t~jgp tsip, t~ip tSgp, tSfgp salute yf ?jgp lip ?gp ji tsjap tsiap tsap [E] JP sap < tsap 'oar'
Et
Maud. qf,jf
T:&fl
357
37 oeM *-~p, *-ip #i 15~ (GSR 675-696) 37-20 = K. 691 Mand. Me LHan oeM a ~ jf dzj~p dzip dz~p OCB *dzjup [f) ONW dzip [E) AA : Khmer cwpa /CUU;)p/ - jwpa /CUU;)p/ 'to join', intr. 'to meet , come together' d~fl mixed za dz~p dz~p dz~p [f] ONW dzop 37-21 = K. 680
a
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
liJj
sa
s~p
S;)P
sap
Mand.
Me
LHan
oeM
r??E
se
~j~p
~ip
sr~p
37-22
358
[f) ONW
~i p
38
oeM rime *-am, *-im Qfn btl 1x.g~
GSR 643 - 674 Baxter 1992: 548 ff. (§10.3.3)
Me -j;}m after guttural initials (kj;}m type syllables) is here transcribed with the LHan vowel t (kim); this syllable type has probably developed from OCM k;}m to ki;}m > kim> later kim. Me -iem can derive from OeM *-lm (when associated with Me -j;}m), or from *-em (when associated with Me -jam), but Me -~m can only derive from oeM *-gm. After acute initials, Me -j;}m can go back to either OeM *-;}m (when in contact with Me -~ m), or to *-im (when in contact with Me -iem). When there is no revealing xiesheng or rime contact, the final remains ambiguous.
Table 38-1: OCM rimes *-;}m, *-;}p, *-im, *-ip in QYS finals Div.
I
*-;}m
*-;}p
~ y~m g;}m *ggm
~ y~p g;}P *ggp ~t~p t;}P *tgp
mn~m n;}m B*ngm t§ d~mB d;}m
*-im
*lgm? ~ niem c nem c *nlms
IV III lab
•
ft~Jul)
*
III
S, kj;}m
II
at yiep gep *glp :rgw diep dep *lfp
ma pjul) pu;}m *p;}m .L>(:::;
3/3
III ac
*-ip
w;}m *w;}m
pj;}m B pimB *pr;}m?
kim *bm ~ kj;}m c kim c *k:r;}ms
"& gj;}P gip
{,' sj;}m sim *s;}m Ij~m lim *r~m 13: nzj~m nim *n;;Jm
**
¥h tsj;}P J1. Ij~p
JgJ(; yam gem *grgm
~ yap gep *grgp
A
*g;}P
tsip *t;}P lip *r~p nzj~p nip *n;}p
359
~ tsj;}m tsim < kim *kim
merged with *-;}m
+ zj;}P dzip < gip *gip merged with
*-~p
38
38-1
38-2 ab
g h
oeM *-am, *-im {~:g~ (GSR 643-674)
Mand. Me LHan oeM ~ han y~mB gamB gam? 'God of the West' [OB: Sorui 481; SW 3037], in Shiijfng (Yao dian) erroneously written
=K. 643 Mand. a ffi cont. han = 3S-3/6511' ~ PI.N. xian han ?ffi han 1?!i
* rn
Me y~m
ONW yam yam y~m y~mB
LUan gam
oeM
gem gam gamB
gram gam gam?
I suspect that the graph 38-3 = K. 651, 652 *gam? 'jaw', see Indro. 9.2 .7. 651an' n'
I'
m' a
g~m
4
'contain
%
,
was originally invented for him
2JP
Me LHan oeM Mand. han y~mB gamB gam? 'jaw' See Intro. 9.2.7 . [E] TB *gam: Lepcha kam 'jaw' PMK *tga(a)m 'jaw' 2J[2 an l]~mB l];:)m B l]~m? 'nod the head' = 3S-3/652j i Ii ' hold in mouth' gam han y~m gam ~ = 3S-2/643a i!19. BTD Skt. -gama, -gamin ~ han y~mC gamC gams 'put in mouth ' = 38-4/67Ip ~ ff] ONW yam [E] TB *gam > WT 'gam 'put into the mouth' 0;3 han y~m gam gam now jln kjam kim bm OCB *k(r)j;:)m ff] Sin Sukchu SR kim ( ~ ), PR, LR kin; MGZY gim ( :ljl) [kim]; ONW kim. BTD £ ![B~ nu M ki;)-ja-kim-pa-Ia Skt. kesakambala [E] PTai *y;)m A2 'gold' S. ka:m B! 'bright, striking' qIn, yIn khj;:)mB, !]jamB khim B, l]im B kham?,l]am? ff] ? NTai dial. *kh_ or *k-: Po-ai kam C ! < *k- 'cave', KS *ka:m! 'cave' ~ bank qin, qin, tshjam, tshim, tsham, * 38-3/652f ~ yIn !]jamB I]im B I];:)m? [E] TB *r-ka[:]m 'bank of river'
6J-l > 2Jl!
6J-2
*
:l4-
~ hill
cen ! d~jam d~im dzram Ifn is only partially phonetic [rime] [n BTD Skt. sum jin gjam C gim C gams
f
tIi
g
~ lapel
=38-1S/6551 jin kjam kim k;:)m jin gjam C gim C ggms ~ qin khjgm khim kham ~ kan kh~m kham kham =3S-11/65Sq W< ~ qin, qian gj;:)m, gjlim 3 gim, giam ggm, gram? ~~ qin gjam gim g;:)m ff] ONW gim ggm qin gjam gim yin !]jam l)im l]gm chen ~hjamB ~himB thr;:)m = 38-ll /658g OC is uncertain; it could also be OCM rhgm or k-hr;)m . (GSR 651 continues below) ~~ JIn kjam kim k;:)m According to SW, ~ *k;)m is phonetic [f] Sin Sukchu SR kim ( ~ ), PR, LR kin; MGZY gim (3jZ) [kim]; ONW kim bm? ~~ jln kjam B string
h v r jn opq
s u
652 ad
e
m
360
38 fk I
9
jjz~
IfX
0i shut
khjgm
khim
xfn
xjgm
him
jin
gjgm B I]jgm, khjgm
ggm? I)gm, khgm
qfn
if!
xa'
¥;
~ ~1
an, h~ln
l)~mB
yIn
I]jgm B
l)imB
I)gm?
yfn
38-4 ae
I)~m?
?jgm
lim
?gm
~l
?jgm
lim
?gm
?imC
?gms
~
?jgm C ?jiam B 4
?iam B
?em?
yfn y [T] ONW ?im yb'c' ~2~JIli yin
d' h' i' k'
khgm hgm
gim B I)im, khim Ipm B
precipit. yin, qfn
j h 651
oeM *-gm, *-im 1~'€f~ (GSR 643-674)
yan
~-.ft 8 !b'l8
~X ft~
an
?~m
?gm
?~m
yin
?jgm B
?gm?
an
l)~mB
?imB I)gm B
=38-3/651 t~
= 38-3/65 In' $I
OCB *?(r)jum
[E] MY *?i:m A 'bitter' =
38-8/654a ~
I)~m?
9
Mand. Me LHan oeM yam [T] ONW kam xian gEm gr~m ~~ xian yam gEm gr~m ~ [D] Min: Xiam kiam A2 / ham A2 'salted, salty' [E] TB *r-gyum > Kiranti *rum 'salt' ; Kachin d3um 31 'salt' ~ Jum 33 'be salted' 1~ jian,xi~ln kamB, yamB kEmB kr~m? [T] ONW kam
~
jHin
kam
kErn
k
~rut
jHin,
kam
kErn
kr~m
yan
?limB
?em B kgm B
?r~m?
f
p m
= K. 671
gan k~mB k~m? [T] Sin Sukchu SR kam Viet. kim 'needle', -> Tai: Saek kimA
k
Mand. ~ ~@~ xian [T] Sin Sukchu SR [E] ST *grgm: WB ~ han :!:@@X kan ~ tan (!) § dan O@ dan
mn
ImJl
o
m
9 ef j
kr~m
Me LHan oeM C C yam gEm gr~ms yjam ( 1jZ), PR yjan, LR yjen; MGZY Hyam (1jZ) [yjam]; ONW yam gyamS < gramB 'a trap' y~mB ggm B g~m? kh~mB khgm B kh~m? = 36-4/624d:tjz B d~mB dgm I~m? d~mB dgm B I~m? d~mB/C dgm B/ C I~m?, I~ms
yan [T] MHan Vim(a)
jiam
jam, warn?
bright
jiam C
jam C
yan
kim
361
lam (a late word)
38
11 boil 11 lp
XIan = see 36-14/617 sacr. xfn
=38-l7/662a ~; ","b=fl.'l chan pSpltll
oeM
*-;:)m, *-im
zjam
15t-gG
zlam
(GSR 643-674)
s-lam
fiRm zj;:)m 38-28/660k
~
zim [T] ONW zim rham? or k-hram? ?
38-6 = K. 674 Mand. oeM Me LUan a ff~ xiong jUl) wim < w;:)m w;:)m [T] Sin Sukchu SR yjuI] (:SP:); MGZY Hyung (:SP:) [yjUI]]; ONW yu;:)m?? > yUI] (7) > hUI], BTD Skt. -hm- [0] Min: Amoy himA2, Fu'an hem A2 , Ybng'an ham A2 'bear' [E] TB *d-wam 38-7 ac d
ef h
K. 653 ~'I~
Mand. Me LUan oeM yin ?j;:)m lim ?;:)m 1§- OCB *?(r)j;:)m ; '!'if OCB *?jim ~ dumb yin, an ?j;:)m, ?~m lim, ?;:)m ?;:)m, ?~m ~ pent up yin ?j;:)m c ?imC ?;:)ms [E] ST *?um: TB *um 'hold in the mouth' +~) yin ?j;:)m lim ?;:)m Bf:f an ?~mC ?;:)m c ?~ms [T] Sin Sukchu SR lam ("*); PR ?an ; MGZY 'am ("*) [lam], ONW ?amC an ?~mB/C ?;:)m B/ C ?~m?, ?;:)ms B an ?~mB ?;:)m ?~m? [T] ONW lam WZ xin xj;:)m him h;:)m
=
m(r I'm B
38-8 a
38-9 a
= K. 654
Mand.
j.x drink yin [0] PMin *;:)m j.x give dr. yin
B1
Me ?j;:)m B 'rice water' ?j;:)m c
LUan limB
oeM ?;:)m?
=
?imC
?;:)ms
OCB *?(r)jum(?)s
LUan l);:)m c
l)~ms
= K. 644
Mand.
Me
f~
an
l)~mC
Mand. yan
LUan l)Em, l)im I)Em
l)r~m,
yan
Me l)am, I]j;:)m I]am
yfn
I]j;:)m
l)im
-
38-10 = K. 673 = a !f!i = f'tJ 38-10A
ifA
!
38-3/65Ji' ~X
oeM
oeM
l);:)m
I]r~m
SW3659
38-11 = K. 658 Mand. Me LUan oeM ij;:)m B/ C d;:)m?, d;:)ms a shen diim B/ C OCB *Gjum? ~ [T] Sin Sukchu SR ~im (1:* ), LR ~im (1:); MGZY zhim (1:) [~im]; ONW dzim [E) ? ST: TB *tyam - *dyam 'full', KN-Tiddim dim 'be full' ij;:)m d;:)m chen diim be c tj;:)m tr;:)ms zhen ~imc e tit d;:)m? shen dij;:)m B, ijem B (d)iim B t;:)m tsj;:)m tsim h zhen [T] ONW tsim tj;:)m tr;:)m f zhen ~im
;titWl
#
i4
m
362
38
oeM *-~m, *-im 1~:g~ (GSR 643-674)
mdeep
dr~m?
zhiln [E] PYao *rjem 'to water, soak'
n 9 o j
p
r
'deep, soak'
t~m t~m tgm sunk in dan soak jian tsjam tsiam tsem Of tsam tan th~mB, d~mB th;}mB, d~mB th~m?, dgm? [E] MK-Khmer ~al!l 1-daml 'be dark ', dal!l 1-tuml 'be ripe, dark' Jijt chen thj;}m B thim B thf;}m = 38-3/651 u ~~ OC is uncertain; it could also be OCM rh;}m or k-hr;}m. san s~mB s;}m B sgm? =38-29/647f ~ [f] ONW sam ~lit dan t~m t;}m kan kh~m kh;}m kMm OCB *khum [f] Sin Sukchu SR k'am (~), PR k'an; MGZY kham (~) [k'am] [D] Xiam kham A1 [E] ST *k;}m: WB khatn A 'receive, endure' ~ ;}_kham B 'suitable appendage', JP kham 31 'endure' ~ kan, kh~m, kh;}m, kh~m, qian, khiim, khem, krgm,
lim
*l
1!
an kan [D] Xiam kham A1 'to suppress (a rebellion), [E] ST *kum: Lushai khum F 'upon, on top of, inside, against, over ... ', vb. 'to put on, wear' ~ khuum F vb. 'to surpass, excel, beat, over, beyond'; WT'gum-pa, bkum 'to kill' ~ 'gum-pa, gum, *Ngums 'to die' kan, kiln kh~mC kh;}m c khgms [D] Amoy kham C
q
m ~WJ
kh~ms kiln khgm? kan [E] WT skom 'thirst', skom-pa 'to thirst', skarn-po 'dry', skem-pa. bskams ... 'to make dry' ~ kan x~mB h;}m B hgm? [E] TB: WT ham-pa 'avarice, covetousness, greed'
~
38-12 = K. 659 Mand. Me LHan a r.~ chen ~hj;}mC ~himc The OC rime could be *-;}m or *-im. 38-13 = K. 665
a b 38-14 a b
ef h 9
:m: 1t
Mand. shen chen
Me sj;}m B tshj;}m B
OCM thr~ms
or rh;}ms
LHan simB tshim B
= 38-14/656b
= K. 656
tt
Mand. LHan oeM Me yfn ji~m jim l~m sink chen jZ), PR t'an; MGZY tham (:>jZ) [t'am]; ONW thorn ~ trm th~mB th;}m B rh:}mt
'*
38-22 = K. 649 Mand. min a ~
LHan oeM n;}m n~m [E] Area word: TB-PKiranti *nam 'man'; PTai *hn-: S. num Bl 'young man, young'; etc.
38-23
= K.
Me
n~m
650 Mand.
LHan oeM nimB n;}mt SW (931) ren min n~m n;}m n:}m !¥IT [f] Sin Sukchu SR nam (3JT.); PR, LR nan; MGZY nam (:>jZ) [nam]; ONW nom. The graph, a drawing of some kind of building (?), was perhaps intended for an obsolete AA-OC word for 'house': cf. Laven hng:m 'house'. 3m nan n~mB n;}m B n:}mt
-=F
a
38-24 a
K. 670 Contra SW 4661,5;- *k;}m is not a phonetic, see Introd. 9.2.7. Mand. Me LHan oeM ~ nian niem c nem c nlms OCB *nims See Intro. 9.2.7. [f] Sin Sukchu SR njem jL) [dzam] tsiem C tsem C tsems jian ~ tsiam jian tsjam tsem 11 dzjam dziam dzem Mwade glan dziam(C) dzjam(C) M to hide jian dzem, dzems xfn zjdm, dzjam zim, dziam s-Idm, dzem = see 38-5/6720 ~:t1IlI [f] ONW zim
m
=
38-29 = K. 647
Mand. MC LHan OCM a ~ three can tsh~m tshdm tshgm < *k-sgm [f] Sin Sukchu SR ts'am (:>jL), PR ts'an; MGZY tsham (:>jL) [ts'am] [E] TB *g-sum > WT gsum 'three', PL *C-sum 2 , WB sumB; Garo githam, Digaro bsaI) ~ stars shen ~jdm ~im srdm OCB *srjum ~ uneven cen t~hjdm t~him tshrdm c ~ can tsh~m tshdm tshgm < *k-sgm OCB *srum 't~ can tsh~mB tshdm B tshgm? e loan for 16-30/ \1341 '~ cao f srm =38-11/6580 [f] ONW sam [E] ? TB: WT rtsam-pa < *r-tsam or *r-sam ? 'roast flour' g:f~ shen, ~pm, ~im , srdm, chen t~hjdm t~him tshrdm < k-srdm h ~ grasp shan ~amB ~£mB srgm? tender shan ~am ~£m srgm
m
367
38
oeM *-gm, *-im 1x-Ei~ (GSR 643-674)
Me LUan oeM 38-30 = K. 648 Mand. a =: three san sam sam, sgm sgm OCB *sum [f] Sin Sukchu SR sam ( lfL ), PR san; MGZY sam (:r-) [sam] ; ONW sam; BTD Skt sam[adhi] [E] TB *sum ..:::: thrice s~m 38-31 = K. 663 Mand. LUan oeM Me a Ie" xln sjgm sim sgm R! OCB *sj;}m [f] Sin Sukchu SR sim (1jZ), PR, LR sin; MGZY sim ( :r-) [sim]; ONW sim [E] TB *sam : Bahing sam 'breath, life'; Limbu sam 'soul', WT sem(s) 'soul , spirit , mind' ~L' gin tshjgm C tshim C tshgms < k-sgms 38-32 = K. 664 Mand. Me LUan a ~ sen ~jgm ~im [f] Sin Sukchu SR ~;}m (1jZ); MGZY shhim (:r-) [N]38-18/655a Ifn may be partially phonetic
**
368
oeM srgm [~;}m]; ONW ~ im, BTS ~im
GSR NUMBER = GSC NUMBER
GSR= GSC
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Iia lib 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
18-1 18-5 18-8 18-9 18-13 18-10 19-1 19-7 19-11 19-14 19-16 19-9 19-21 19-22 19-18 18-4 18-15 18-18 19-4 19-8 19-13 18-6 18-7 18-11 18-14 18-16 18-17 19-6 19-5 19-12 19-15 19-17 1-11 1-12 1-13 1-14 1-15 1-34 1-16 1-68 1-73 1-21 1-22
43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 830 84 85 86 87
1-23 1-27 1-38 I-57 1-47 1-48 I-I 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-6 1-7 1-17 1-5 1-18 1-29 1-35 1-30 1-28 1-36 1-46 1-37 I-58 I-59 1-31 1-61 I-51 I-52 I-53 1-64 1-65 1-10 1-45 I-54 I-55 1-18 1-31 1-33 1-32 1-42 1-43 1-44 1-39 1-18 1-41 1-60
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
1-62 1-45 1-62 1-63 1-6 1-49 I-50 I-56 1-19 2-7 1-23 1-24 1-25
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 III 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131
1-26 1-66 1-67 1-69 1-71 1-72 1-70 4-64 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-13 10-12 10-16 10-33 10-27 10-9 10-10 10-29 10-11 10-23 10-24 10-22 10-18 10-19 10-21 10-35 369
132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176
10-36 10-30 10-31 10-32 10-39 10-40 4-64 24-1 24-2 24-3 24-4 24-5 24-10 24-15 24-11 24-21 24-23 24-22 24-20 24-24 24-35 24-39 24-40 24-41 24-44 25-1 25-2 25-3 25-4 25-5 25-6 25-16 25-12 25-7 25-8 23-12 25-13 25-24 10-16 25-22 25-28 25-23 25-42 25-43 25-44 25-36
177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199
25-37 25-31 25-32 25-33 24-47 24-48 24-57 24-9 23-7 24-15 25-9 25-10 25-34 24-53 23-5 23-6 24-45 24-46 24-54 23-4 24-29 24-7 24-19
200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221
24-14 24-26 24-27 24-30 24-28 24-25 24-42 24-31 24-43 23-21 23-23 23-22 24-38 24-32 24-33 24-34 24-37 24-36 23-24 23-28 24-55 23-25
GSR NUMBER = GSC NUMBER 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256a 256h 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269
24-58 23-31 23-26 23-29 25-11 23-10 23-17 25-29 25-30 25-25 25-26 25-27 25-38 25-39 23-14 25-40 25-35 23-3 23-1 23-2 23-16 23-15 23-18 23-20 23-27 23-32 23-9 24-8 24-18 24-16 24-17 24-12 24-13 25-14 25-15 23-11 25-19 25-20 25-21 25-17 25-18 24-49 24-50 24-51 24-52 24-56 21-26 21-8 21-9
270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299
1-28 21-14 21-24 22-7 22-9 21-30 21-31 21-37 29-2 20-1 20-4 20-14 21-3 21-4 21-5 20-7 21-20 21-19 20-10 21-11 20-8 21-25 20-15 21-38 20-19 22-10 22-16 22-18 22-19 22-14
300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318
24-1 22-2 22-1 22-5 22-4 22-6 22-8 21-33 21-34 20-11 20-12 20-18 20-3 21-1 21-2 21-15 21-13 21-12 21-27
319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367
21-29 21-35 22-3 22-8 10-21 22-13 10-35 21-26 20-2 20-17 21-6 20-13 20-6 21-7 21-22 21-18 21-17 21-16 21-28 21-21 21-23 21-26 20-16 28-5 22-11 22-12 22-17 22-5 21-10 21-36 18-2 18-12 19-2 19-3 27-12 19-19 19-23 18-19 19-10 7-25 7-20 7-31 32-15 32-19 9-13 32-28 32-28 32-5 32-12
370
368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399
32-1 32-3 32-9 32-20 32-21 32-18 33-17 32-16 32-17 32-1 32-29 32-30 32-31 32-32 32-33 32-35 32-36 32-22 32-23 32-26 32-28 32-38 32-39 32-7 32-8 29-1 29-12 29-13 29-19 29-21 29-18 29-30
400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416
29-31 29-32 29-17 29-23 29-26 29-41 29-44 29-42 29-38 29-6 29-7 29-36 29-37 29-15 29-27 29-16 33-1
417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465
34-1 34-2 34-3 34-9 34-5 34-6 34-7 34-8 34-10 34-16 34-17 34-22 33-12 34-26 34-27 33-22 34-30 34-28 23-9 34-29 33-29 33-28 33-26 33-27 33-35 18-18 33-2 33-4 33-3 33-7 33-8 33-9 33-10 33-19 33-18 33-16 33-15 33-24 33-13 33-20 32-40 34-13 34-12 34-14 34-15 34-20 34-19 34-18 34-21
GSR NUMBER = GSC NUMBER 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503
34-32 34-31 34-23 32-24 34-24 33-30 33-32 33-33 33-34 33-36 33-11 33-23 33-25 32-4 33-5 34-4 33-6 32-10 32-37 34-11 31-1 31-10 31-11 31-12 31-20 30-13 30-18 30-10 29-29 31-8 31-16 31-17 31-23 31-24
30-14 30-16 31-18 30-19 30-20 504 30-5 505 30-7 506 29-35 507 29-11 508 30-6 509 30-11 510a 31-3 510b 29-4 511 31-14 512 31-15
513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561
28-20 30-12 30-2 30-9 30-1 29-34 26-24 37-15 29-39 30-22 31-5 31-6 31-9 29-9 29-10 31-21 31-19 30-17 30-21 29-25 29-8 31-4 29-3 30-3 30-8 29-5 31-7 31-2 27-1 28-4 28-12 28-13 28-16 27-13 27-4 27-2 27-6 27-5 26-17 26-6 26-7 26-28 26-29 26-21 26-34 26-35 26-36 26-19 26-20
562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595
597 598 599
26-22 26-25 29-28 26-37 26-38 27-14 27-16 28-1 28-2 28-5 29-19 28-9 28-10 28-11 28-14 28-15 28-17 27-8 27-9 27-10 27-11 27-17 27-18 27-15 26-1 26-2 26-4 26-12 26-14 26-15 26-26 26-27 26-31 26-16 26-32 26-16 26-33 26-23 26-39 26-9
600 60 I 602 603 604 605 606 607 608
28-6 28-11 26-8 27-3 26-13 26-10 36-1 36-2 36-3
596
371
609 36-5 610 36-25 611 36-22 612 36-23 613 36-6 614 36-8 615 36·9 616 36-10 617 36-14 618 36-12 619 36-11 620 36-21 621 36-16 622 36-18 623 36-19 624 36·4 625 36-26 626 36-27 627 36-7 628 35-7 629 35-2 630 35-3 631 35-17 632 35-9 633 35-10 634 35-6 635 35-15 636 35-16 637 35-12 638 35-13 639 35-4 640 35-5 641 35-20 642 35-1 642a-g 1-8 642k1 35-21 643 38-2 644 38-9 645 38-21 646 38-16 647 38-29 13-63 648 38-30 649 38·22 650 38-23 651 38-3 652 38-3 653 38-7 654 38-8
655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699
38-18 38-14 38-15 38-11 38-12 38-28 38-27 38-17 38-31 38-32 38-13 38-26 38-25 38-19 38-20 38-24 38-4 38-5 38-10 38-6 37-1 37-6 37-9 37-10 37-18 37-21 37-2 37·4 37-5 37-7 37-8 37-3 37-1 37-19 37-11 37-12 37-20 37-13 37-14 37-15 37-16 37-17 3-2 3-1 3-29
700 701 702 703
3-12 3-30 3-47 3-48
GSR NUMBER 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 727m 727r 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750
3-53 3-54 3-22 3-23 3-24 3-64 3-3 3-5 3-6 3-4 3-16 3-18 3-17 3-19 3-20 3-37 3-38 3-35 3-36 3-31 3-34 3-32 3-33 3-49 3-50 3-51 3-41 3-52 3-42 3-55 3-39 3-56 3-40 3-43 3-44 3-45 3-46 3-26 3-57 3-58 3-65 3-66 3-67 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-59
751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799
3-60 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-21 3-61 3-62 3-63 3-68 3-69 9-32 3-25 3-27 3-28 2-1 2-9 2-15 2-34 2-33 1-67 2-39 2-36 2-6 2-12 2-2 2-30 2-7 2-10 2-22 2-37 2-38 2-7A 2-8 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-14 2-11 2-25 2-19 2-23 2-24 2-20 2-17 2-28 2-29 2-32 2-35
800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848
=
GSC NUMBER
2-27 2-16 2-40 1-9 2-18 2-13 2-31 2-26 9-4 9-6 9-5 9-23 9-25 9-3 9-10 9-15 9-16 9-27 9-14 9-22 9-21 9-24 9-2 9-19 9-29 9-26 9-31 9-33 9-7 23-11 32-8 9-1 9-2 9-11 9-12 9-17 9-18 9-20 26-26 9-27 9-28 9-30 9-8 9-9 8-4 8-15 8-16 8-9 8-24
372
849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897
8-5 8-12 8-8 8-17 8-19 8-1 8-2 8-10 8-18 8-13 8-21 8-6 7-7 7-4 7-13 7-3 7-5 7-14 7-6 8-14 7-26 7-27 7-28 7-24 7-11 7-29 7-10 7-1 7-12 7-21 7-8 7-9 6-1 6-2 6-9 6-19 6-18 6-20 6-5 6-3 6-6 6-8 6-11 6-24 6-13 6-12 6-15 6-10 6-16
898 899
6-17 6-21
900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923
6-22 6-4 6-23 5-1 5-38 5-11 5-24 5-23 5-28 5-32 5-4 5-5 5-18 5-20 5-8 5-9 5-14 5-15 5-16 5-12 5-13 5-19 5-25 5-26, 29-30 5-27 5-29 5-30 5-31 5-21 5-6 5-7 5-2 5-22 5-33 5-35 5-36 4-1 4-2 4-30 4-25 4-42 4-43 4-44 4-45 5-22 4-38
924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945
GSR NUMBER = GSC NUMBER 945j 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 9611 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992
6-14 4-39 4-64 4-65 4-66 4-20 4-56 4-4 4-5 5-17 4-21 4-23 5-10 4-22 4-40 4-34 4-26 4-29 4-27 4-28 4-47 4-48 4-49 4-32 4-33 4-50 4-51 4-52 4-53 4-54 4-55 4-52 4-30 4-31 4-35 4-36 4-37 4-40 4-41 4-57 5-34 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-10 4-3 4-11 4-12
993 994 995 996 997 998 999
4-13 4-14 4-17 4-18 4-19 4-24 4-61
1000 4-62 1001 4-63 1002 15-3 1003 15-13 1004 15-12 1005 15-9 1006 15-1 1007 15-6 1008 15-8 1009 15-7 27-20 1010 15-4 lOll 15-5 1012 15-11 1013 15-10 1014 15-14 1015 15-2 1016 14-5 1017 14-2 1018 14-15 1019 14-8 1020 14-11 1021 14-12 1022 14-13 1023 14-14 1024 14-10 1025 14-6 1026 14-7 1027 14-19 1028 14-22 1029 14-20 1030 14-21 1031 14-18 1032 14-16 1033 14-17 1034 14-23 1035 14-25 1036 14-24 1037 5-39 1038 14-3 1039 14-1 1040 13-1
1041 13-3 1041p 16-8 1042 13-4 13-5 1043 13-9 1044 14-4 1045 13-28 1046 13-29 1047 1048 13-38 13-51 1049 1050 13-53 1051 13-54 1052 13-52 13-55 1053 1054 13-56 13-43 1055 1056 13-44 13-64 1057 13-65 1058 13-66 1059 13-67 1060 1061 13-68 1062 13-74 1062a 5-37 1063 13-75 1064 13-8 13-6 1065 1066 4-15 1067 4-16 13-7 1068 13-45 1069 13-11 1070 1070m 13-7A 1071 13-14 13-15 1072 1073 13-23 13-24 1074 1075 14-9 13-50 1076 13-32 1077 13-27 1078 13-30 1079 13-33 1080 1081 13-34 1082 13-31 1083 13-26 1084 13-19 13-19 1085 1086 13-20
373
1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 Illl 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134
13-61 13-20A 13-12 13-13 13-22 13-21 13-57 13-58 13-35 13-39 13-36 10-37 13-62 13-40 13-41 13-42 13-38 13-8 13-46 13-48 13-71 13-69 13-70 13-76 13-77 13-59 13-60 13-72 13-47 13-16 13-25 \7-1
17-2 17-6 17-5 17-12 17-13 17-9 17-7 17-8 17-4 17-15 \7-11
16-1 16-13 16-15 16-15 16-16 16-30
1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149a 114ge II 50 1151 1152 1153 1154 1154a 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172
1173 1174 1175 1176 1177
1178 1179 1180 1181
16-23 17-14 16-41 16-3 13-8 16-12 16-10 16-11 16-17 16-21 16-20 16-18 16-19 16-31 16-33 16-22 16-34 16-24 16-27 16-35 13-71 36-24 16-37 16-38 16-39 16-44 16-43 16-17 16-45 16-4 16-5 16-14 17-3 16-6 16-7 16-9 16-32 16-40 16-42 12-1 12-13 12-2 12-6 12-9 12-20 12-21 12-23 12-14 12-27
GSR NUMBER = GSC NUMBER 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199
12-3 12-5 12-4 12-10 12-IOA 12-11 12-8 12-7 12-13 12-22 12-12 12-15 12-16 12-17 12-18 12-25 10-2 12-19
1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214
12-24 12-26 11-14 11-1 11-6 II-II 11-18 10-29 11-15 11-16 11-22 11-23 11-24 11-4 11-5
1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236a 1236b 1236c 1237a 1237c 1237i 1237k 12371 1237m
11-10 11-9 11-7 11-13 11-19 11-14 11-20 11-21 11-17 11-12 11-2 11-3 11-8 11-15 10-34 10-38 13-78 10-20 13-73 10-17 10-15
7-25 19-18A 1-15 30-4 26-18 27-7 27-6 26-5 26-30 29-40 1237q 4-36 1237r 4-59
12375 1237u 1237v 1237x 1237y 1237a' 1238a 1238b 1238d 1238e 1238f 1238jk 1239a 1240a 1240b I 240ce 1240fg 1240h 1241a 1241b 1241dh 1241i 1241j 12411 1241m 1241n 12410q 1241r 1241s I 242a 1242b 1243a 1243b
28-3 28-11 28-18 28-19 4-60 4-58 18-3 7-16 7-15 7-18 7-19 19-20 28-8 4-30 4-45A 7-33 7-7A 28-7 26-3 7-2 26-5 26-11 29-14 32-34 30-14 29-24 7-22 7-23 33-15 16-10 1-40 12-5 10-25
374
1243c 1244ab 1244c 1244d 1244e 1244f 1244g I 244h I 244ij 1244k 1245ab 1245cd 1246a 1246b 1246c 1247a 1247c 1248a 1248b 1248c 1249a 1250ab 1250cd 1250e 1250f 1250g 1251a 1251b 1251f 1251h 1251 ij 12511 12510p
10-26 16-2 13-2 13-10 34-16 16-28 16-28A 13-18 16-29 17-16 13-17 16-26 10-14 10-28 13-37 36-13 36-17 12-8 9-11 23-13 25-41 32-2 9-25 23-19 23-8 32-6 32-13 32-14 32-11 33-14 32-27 32-25 34-25
1251q 1252a 1252b 1252d 1253 1254a 1254b
4-64 32-1 32-7 6-24 15-15 35-4 35-18 37-2 1255a 35-11 1255c 35-19 1255e 35-14 1256a 20-5 1256bc 20-9 1256de 29-21 1256f 23-11 1257ab 29-20 1257c 29-22 1257d 5-14 1257ef 29-33 1257g 29-43 31-22 1257h 1257m 31-22 1258a I-I 1258b 2-21 1258e 16-4 1259a 2-IOA 1259b 7-3 1260a 5-3 1260b 5-20A 8-11 1260c 1260d 8-3 8-22 1260e 1260f 8-7
PINYIN INDEX
T GSC number / GSR number
il
IluJ
Bfof 38-7/653 18-1/1
ili ~ 4-30/938 ~ 4-30/976
ffl
4-22A ~): 4-30/976 R 27-5/550
ai ~ 4-30/976 ~ 21-1/313
ai )t 21-10 / 347 f~ 4-2 / 937 n~ 4-2/937
iii M iii
4-23 / 956 5-10/957 5-10 /957
~ffi 8-4 / 844 ~ 8-5 / 849 ~ 30-6 / 508 B2t 30-6 / 508 ~ 30-6 / 508 ~ 30-6 / 508
an
'.!i:
24-11 / 146 fie 24-11 / 146 Off 38-7/653 ~ 38-3/652
an
Ilt
36-8 / 614 ~ 36-8 / 614 Ii) 36-8/614 lM 38-3/652 ~~ 38-3 / 652
an
:Jg(
24-11 / 146
!II 1M
38-7 / 653 38-7 / 653 f~ 38-9/644 ~f 24-1 / 139 ~f 24-1 / 139 1$ 24-1 / 139 24-15/139
ang {!k: 3-20/718 ~ 3-20/718
ang
.cn
1:$
3-29/699 3-29 / 699
ang ~ 3-20/718
ao j:~ 13-16 / 1115
[l:!J 13-16A ao ~ 13-1 / 1040
K
16-12 / 1140 16-13 / 1130
~lNr 34-16/ 1244
ao ~ ~ ~ ~
14-4 / 1045 14-4 / 1045 14-4 / 1045 16-13 / 1130
20-14 / 281
~ 1-68/39
[g 1-68/39 ~ 1-68/39 -++E. 1-68/39 ~~ 1-68/39
:tt mt
Jlli
ban
bao
24-53 / 190 IJl 24-53 / 190 ~ 24-48/182 ~ 24-48 / 182 $[ 33-30/471 JfJi 33-30 / 471
ban ~R 24-49 / 262
ba
1X t.b(
bao
20-17/328 • 7-29/874 ~ 7-29 / 874 ruz: 21-35 / 320
Elf
bil
J\
bai
ff
21-31 / 276 21-31 / 276
21-31 / 276 21-31/276 21-31 / 276 ~ 21-31 / 276 ±1>( 21-31 / 276 21-31 / 276
w:
ttt
;J:R
24-49/262 It& 24-49/262 24-49/262 ~ 24-49 / 262
ft&
ban
-* 24-471181
t=¥ f.f¥.
J"
y*
ba t~ 1-68 / 39
*
~ 16-13 / 1130
ba
¥Jf{: •
?€
;J:~ 1-68 / 39 t~ 1-68 / 39 ±~ 21-35 / 320 S 2-39 / 772 iili 18- 17 / 26
jjJ.
~ 16-13 / 1130 ~ 16-13 / 1130 ~ 16-13/1130 16-13 ~ 16-13 ~ 16-13 16-13 Ii 16-13 16-13
R
V
/ / / / / /
1130 1130 1130 1130 1130 1130
*m
2-38 / 782
16-10/ 1141 16-10 / 1141
B
18 :J:.$
bang .f~ 12-25 / 1197
bang
M1 fm
3-57 / 740 3-57 / 740 3-57 / 740 ~$ 12-25 / 1197
m
bai
ao
24-54 / 195 23-28 / 219 23-28 / 219 23-28 / 219
1~ 3-57 / 740
bai
E3
¥YF
24-47 / 181 24-47 / 181 24-47 / 181
2-37 / 781 2-38 / 782 7-29 / 874 375
*
12-25 / 1197
'E2 Wi ~
13-72 / 13-72 / 13-72 / 13-64 /
1113 1113 1113 1057
m13-72 / 1113
bao
tiP2
13-72 / • 13-66 / ~ 13-67 / 1* 13-64 / ~ 13-64 / 13-64 /
11*
1113 1059 1060 1057 1057 1057
bao ~"1 17-1611244
m
13-72 / 1113 13-72 / 1113 ~ 13-72 / 1113 ~ 13-72 / 1113 Jltm 13-68 / 1061 ¥~ 13-65 / 1058 11 17-14 / 1136
tm
bei 1~ 4-61 / 999 4-61 / 999 7-29 / 874
tlf .!If. ~'"
7-29 / 874 f~ 7-29 / 874 p~ 18-16 / 25 ;JJ. 27-8 / 579
bei
:ft
{J4!
5-32 / 909 7-29 / 874
~ 7-29 / 874
PINYIN INDEX bei
1.g: 'W
bi 4-61 I 999 5-32 1933
1~ 5-321933
ii
5-341984 5-34 1984 :rOO 5-34 1984 5-34 1984 5-341984 18-16 I 25 ~ 21-35 / 320
m
m f! *Bt
ben ~ 33-28 / 438
#
33-28/438 . . 33-29/437
*N 1.
ben 33-27 / 440 33-26 / 439
ben 33-29/437
f¥ tfj
9-26 / 825 3-57 / 740 ~ 3-571740 ~ >T" 3-59/750 M 6-20/886 6-20 / 886 *1t 9-29/824
#M
beng
¥~ 4-61 /999
:E$ $
12-25 / 12-25 / 12-25 / 12-25 /
bi ~ 26-38 / 565
C
26-38/566
*~ 26-37 1565
~lt 26-38 / 566 26-38/566 26-38 1 566 fft 26-38 I 566 26-38 I 566 tit 26-38 I 566 fEz. 18-16 / 25 -@~ 4-57 / 983 7-29 / 874 ~ 7-29 1874 ~ 31-18/502
18
.tt
*It 1-'
bi ~ 2-38 / 782
= 4-59 / 1237r
~
M*
5-36 1935 5-361935 1M 5-33/933 ~$ 7-29 / 874 }]j! 7-29 / 874
tit
beng
*it Of
... 29-39 / 521
1197 1197 1197 1197
beng
tM
6-20/886 ~ 9-291824 Ii 7-29 / 874
bI ~ 7-30 ~ 5-33/933 1~ 5-33/933
' " 7-29 / 874 7-29 1874 ~$ 8-19/853 8-19/853 ~ 8-19/853 tg$ 8-19/853 ~ 8-19 / 853 ~ 8-19/853 ~ 8-19/853 ~ 8-19/853 JiW 8-19/853 ~ 8-19 / 853 'I~ 14-23 / 1034 ,~ 18-16/25 ~ 18-16/25 ~ 18-16 / 25 PM5l 20-16 I 341 ~ 20-16 / 341 ~ 20-16 / 341
fJli!
m
~ 20-16/341 ~ 20-16/341 ~ 20-16 / 341 • 20-16 / 341 t~ 26-38 / 566 fit 26-38 I 566 J.fE 26-38 I 566 ~ 26-38/566 ~ 26-38/566 t* 26-38 / 566 ' " 29-42 / 407 • 29-42 / 407 29-42 / 407 29-42 I 407 • 29-42/407 29-42 / 407 lEt 29-42 I 407 29-42 / 407
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5'
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t,
29-43 I 1257 ~~ 29-44 I 406 5B5 29-44 / 406 29-39 / 521 §M 29-40 ~\ 29-41 / 405 311:, 29-41 I 405 •
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'I~' 29-41 I 405
t£\
29-41 ,~E 29-41 29-41 ~M 29-41 t:t, 29-41
/ 405 1405 / 405 / 405 / 405 ~ 29-41/405 1&::\ 29-41 I 405 29-41 / 405 ~, 29-41 / 405 M 29-37 / 412
dZ
t-l\
bian ~ 23-25/221 ~ 23-26 / 224 ~ 23-26 / 224
!kffii
23-27 / 246 23-27/246 ~ 23-27/246
#1
bilin
JlZ
35-20 / 641 ~ 35-20 / 641 ~ 23-27/246 23-27/246 1j 23-27 I 246
'1:1
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23-28 / 219
biim
--F #tt tfr
24-55 1220 24-55/220 24-55 / 220 24-55 1 220 ~ 23-25 / 221 f,ljjj 23-27 / 246 ~ 23-27 / 246 fJ¥ 23-28/219 23-28/219 23-28 / 219 ~ 25-31 / 178
m
m
biao
i0
13-71/1154 ~ 13-71/1106 ~ 13-71 / 1106 ~ 16-37 / 1155 ,G 16-38 / 1156
bIn ~ 32-38 / 389
11 i\l
32-38 / 389 32-38 / 389 tf~ 33-34 / 474 III 33-31 7Jj) 33-30/471 151 33-30 / 471
bin
1l iJli 71 If
32-38/389 32-38/389 32-38 / 389 32-38 / 389 -G 32-38 / 389 ~ 32-38 / 389
bIng
Y'
6-211899 OJ< 6-21 1899 ~ 3-63 / 759 1A~ 6-20 1886 M 9-29 / 824
bing
"j7] 3-61 / 757
~ 16-40111 70 i@, 16-40/1170
'l'fi :/:fi
M
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m 16-40 / 1170 16-40 1 11 70
16-39 / 1157 ~ " t~ 16-39 / 1157
*1¥i
biao 16-35/1153 13-72 I 1113
biilo t~ 16-39 / 1157 bie
Ii
20-16/341 ~ 20-16/341 ~ 20-16/341
bie
53U
20-15 I 292 ~ 20-16/341
376
£\~ 29-41/405
3-61 1757 3-611757 ~ 3-61 1757 pj~ 3-61 / 757
3-62 / 758 ~ 23-25/745
" 7-29 1874 ~ 38-19/668
bing
m 3-611757
m
f*
.s'!ft
ff
3-611757 3-62 / 758 9-28 / 840 9-29 / 824
1* 9-29 1824 M 1m
;jJj
9-291824 9-291824 3-57 / 740
PINYIN INDEX bli 7'X 21-30 / 275
11 lfI
21-30 / 275 21-30 / 275 18-16 / 25 ffi$ 21-32 ~U 11-15 / 1228
bOu
ti
:fi rBl
t8
2-38 / 782 ~ 2-38 / 782 18 2-38 / 782 ~ 5-32A 18 2-38/782 1-67 / 771
t,
1-671771
~ 1-67 / 771 ~ 1-67/771 JJW 1-67/771
JJ
1-67/771 ~1'I!i -t" 1-67 / 771 ii 1-67 / 771
¥t tiit
can
II
m 4-61/999 bo
~ 1-67 / 102
1-671771
~ 11-2311211 ~ 11-23 / 1211
fl
17-14 / 1136
btl
~ 11-22 / 1210
fffl 1-67/102 I1ff.I 1-67/102 1-67 / 102
fi btl
l' :& ;ffi'
M
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4-61 / 999 1-65 / 73 1-67/ 102 1-67/102 4-61 / 999 4-61 / 999
1-67/771 ~i 1-67/771 ~g: 4-61 I 999
cai
fl 01
{,~, 4-54 / 973
17-14 / 1136
17-14 / 1136 ,~ 17-15 / 1127 ,~ 17-15/1127 ~ 21-30/275
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30-13 / 491 30-13 / 491 30-13 / 491 30-13/491 30-14/500 2-36/773
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4-45A/1240
7J
4-45 / 943 if,J 4-45 / 943 4-45 / 943 ~ 4-45/943 f.I 4-46
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4-44 / 942 4-44 / 942
~ 18-16 / 25 ~ 18-16 / 25
cai
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~ 21-281337 7-29/874 8-19/853
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8-19/853
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8-191853
bO
I}x
24-40 / 154 ~ 24-41 / 155 ~~ 24-41/155
din ~ 38-28 / 660 38-28 / 660 rJ! 38-28/660 'I~ 38-29/647
'1'1
can ~ 24-40 / 154 ~ 24-40 / 154
cang ~ 3-48/703
:r' 15-13 / 1003 12-8 / 1188 fI 12-8 / 1188
fi
:m
chOng
ft
12-15 / 1193
chong ~ 12-12 / 1192
chOU
pm
113 §El
13-30 / 13-30/ tm ~ 13-21 / lilfl 13-21 / ~ ~ 13-45 /
M
cMu
m tt
1:rt
1m
1079 1079 1091 1091 1069
@'HI 13-20/ 1086 tit 13-21/1091 ~ 13-21 / 1091 ~ 13-22 / 1090
PINYIN INDEX
~ 13-22/1090
~ 13-22 / 1090 {I 13-22 / 1090 13-22 / 1090 ~ 13-22 / 1090 ]If 13-22/1090 ~; 13-22/1090 13-22 / 1090 ~. 13-22 / 1090
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--
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13-26 t 1083
fm
13-26/1083 ~ 13-26 / 1083 '1m 13-26/1083 13-26 / 1083 :1'1< 13-57/1092
ym
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chOu
i1:
M
13-50/ 1076 13-13 /1089
mI
1-57 / 46 1-41 / 86 f~ 1-38/45 1-38/45
;ff
i'1!i
chiI ~ 1-56 / 94
~ 11-13 / 1218 ~ 11-12/1224
M
11-12/ 1224 ;X 11-12 / 1224 t-rR 14-18 / 1031 ~tx 14-18 / 1031 11 14-15 / 1018 if 14-15/1018 '17ft 31-17 / 497 ~tB 31-16 / 496 ~tIJ 31-16 / 496
chuai
chOu
tffi
~ 13-12 / 1088 i! 13-54/1051
chuai
cho
tB 31-16/496 M 1-60 / 87
ff.
1-51 / 69 t~ 1-40 / 1242b ~ 10-10 / 122
eM ,..,....
1-39/84 ~ 1-42/82
T
~ 1-42 182
iiJ
1-57 / 46
JEi
1-38/45 !I!WJ 10-23/125 ~ 10-36/132 10-36 / 132 ~,~ 10-36 / 132 ~ 10-22 / 127 JH 10-22/127 10-22/127
• lJJ
chii JJ!lf, 1-18 / 85 ~ 1-62 188
iii
25-24/ 168
10-35 / 325
chuan JII 34-20 / 462 ~ 25-26/232
chuan 1$ 25-25 / 231 i'~ 25-28 / 171
fo/d *ffil
25-29 / 229 25-24 / 168 25-24/168 ~lffi 25-24/ 168
m
chuan
:74 'l'Iffi tffi Olffi
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