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METODOS DE ENSAYOS NO DESTRUCTIVOS IMPACT-ECHO TESTING EQUIPMENT Detects Delamination and Other Defects in Concrete

The Impact-Echo test method is a non-destructive device used to detect defects within the concrete and masonry members. Short duration impactors generate low frequency stress (sound) waves at the concrete surface. These waves propagate into the structure and are reflected by flaws and/or external boundaries. The patterns of propagation and reflection depend upon the structure's geometry and the types of defects present. Multiple reflections of waves between the impact surface and defects or other boundaries give rise to transient resonance conditions which can be identified and used to determine member thickness or the location of the defects. Displacements caused by reflections are recorded by a transducer located adjacent to the impactor. The types of defects that can be determined are: cracks, crack depth, voids, honeycombing, delaminations of concrete, overlays, finishes and estimation of thickness of concrete members.

GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR)

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive testing device that utilizes radio waves (electromagnetic energy) to detect objects and separation within concrete and masonry structures. Typical uses of GPR include: determine the thickness of various structural members, determine depth and orientation of reinforcement, locate voids beneath slabs on grade, locate embedded conduits, pipes, and other objects, locate voids, delaminations and honeycombing in concrete structures, locate grouted cells and reinforcement in masonry walls.

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VIBRATION MONITORING

FKC Vibration monitoring services include the measurement and evaluation of vibrations in buildings and other structures. Vibrations are induced by various sources including, construction operations, blast, earthquake, wind, machine operations, traffic, and other sources. Vibrations are measured by seismographs which record the magnitude of vibration frequency, acceleration, and peak particle velocity. The measured vibrations are analyzed and their impact of the structure is determined.

HALF-CELL TESTING, IDENTIFICATION OF CORROSION ACTIVITY

Half-Cell testing method (ASTM C 876) estimates the electrical corrosion potential of reinforcing steel in concrete structures. For corrosion activity in rebars, at the time of testing, as it impacts the structural durability of structures, such as, parking garages, sidewalk vaults, etc. Approximately 350 mV potential would indicate a potential for corrosion activity in the reinforcing steel.

PACHOMETER TESTING

Pachometer is a non-destructive magnetic device used to locate existing rebar in concrete structures. Utilizing this equipment, FKC can determine the concrete cover; rebar sizes, spacing, and length.

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REBOUND HAMMER & WINDSOR PROBE

Rebound hammer (ASTM C 805), and Windsor Probe (ASTM C 803) are non-destructive testing methods used for assessing the general quality, uniformity, and relative strength of concrete members.

CRACKMETER

This crack gage device is a two-dimensional crack monitoring measure. It is used as a simple tell-tale, with a measurement accuracy of 0.2 mm.

STRAIN GAGES

Electronic strain gages and instrumentation can be installed on a structure to monitor the structural behavior over an extended period of time. Excessive tilting, strain, stress, deflections can continuously be monitored.

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FLAT JACK TESTING

Flat Jack Testing method is used to determine the in-situ stresses of masonry walls. It is also used to determine deformation properties of existing unreinforced solid units of masonry.

BOROSCOPE

The boroscope is a fiber-optic device that is used to observe conditions inside cavities or hidden areas of a structure, thru drilled holes. Conditions and locations of brick metal ties, shelf angle flashing within cavity masonry walls can be probed without the removal of bricks. Boroscope surveys can also be used to detect obscured waterproofing membrane conditions

ULTRASONIC TESTING

Ultrasonic testing device is used to measure the thickness of steel members. This equipment is especially useful when a steel member can only be accessed from one side. Corroded structural steel members can thus be measured expeditiously and accurately.

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MOISTURE METER

The moisture meter is used to determine the presence of moisture in an object. Moisture readings can be taken within masonry walls, drywalls, insulation, concrete members, roofing, wood construction, and other applications

INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY

Infrared Thermography (IT) is a non-destructive testing technique used to detect thermal patterns and temperature differentials across a given surface. IT has been widely used in the building construction industry. Infrared cameras capture the thermal image of heat emissions from the various surfaces and provide information of possible hidden defects. Typical applications include detection of moisture within the building envelope in general and in walls and roofs in particular, detect voids in grouted masonry walls, and detection of construction hidden failures.

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