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METHOD OF TEACHING LANGUAGES

DIRECT METHOD

The direct method also known as a natural method, it starts with the main idea of teaching thru the exclusive use of a specific language studied, that mean it is based in a natural language learning. So, the acquisition process of a second language is similar as the first. It was one of the first methodology of teaching other language based on the natural acquisition of the mother language. The direct method was an answer to Grammatical – translation method, the main reason was the necessity of dynamic and practice teaching language. The communication among Europeans had increased so there was the necessity of learning a new language fast. Also this method put the bases for didactic theory. Beside, This method was established in Germany and France at the beginning of the 20s, Mr. L. Sauveur and M. Berlitz started to teach with this method in schools of United States.

THE ESSENCE OF THE DIRECT METHOD The fundament of the direct method holds that learning a foreign language or second language should be similar to the learning process of the first language or mother language. The main features of this method are imitation, association and induction. In other words, with the implementation of the direct method the foreign language is learned through the imitation of a linguistic model, the acquisition of the lexicon by association, and the induction of grammar rules through of the observation of examples.

TEACHING WAY The direct method consists of sessions of questions and answers, which in principle refer to names of common things or objects, such as pencils, tables, doors, among others. These questions should be asked in a stimulating way, so that the student immediately begins to use the foreign language. The main objective is for students to learn a specific amount of new words per lesson so that they can effectively communicate in the new language. Question sessions can be between teacher and student or between student and student.

CHARACTERISTICS The oral learning is the priority of this language method. -

Oral introduction of new grammar content.

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To emphasize in the pronunciation and the grammar.

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The vocabulary is taught thru object, mimics, and other visual and material elements.

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Teaching of the expression and oral comprehension.

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For teaching the Grammar, it is used the inductive method. It means the student deduce the grammatical rules thru the examples given at the same language studied.

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It is centered in the oral learning.

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The class mainly is developed thru questions and answers from teacher to students, then among students.

This is an inductive method, so the new language is learned by imitation memorizing some phrases and little dialogs, the language structure is learned by associations and grammatical

rules used in the speaking part. The teacher who is going to speak in the studied language is the main protagonist of the class, he/she is not the model of the language, but the one who incentive the dynamism to create the necessary interaction in the class.

ADVANTAGES The method has provided great benefits in the area of teaching foreign languages, while providing great advantages for its students. The direct method revealed the problems presented by teaching and the learning process. -

It represented a total renewal of the concept of second language teaching.

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It opened the way to the didactic processes of foreign languages.

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It represents an excellent option for those who need to learn another language immediately, either by change of address or by work requirement.

If you need to learn a second language quickly, practically and effectively, opt for classes taught using the direct method, it is the ideal option for you. Whatever the area in which you need to develop in a second language, language courses implemented with the direct method represent the perfect solution.

DISADVANTAGES Detractor of this method argue their approaches do not have theoretical and methodological basis, they said the theory do not have consistent methodological principles for teaching techniques. Their proposals are difficult to apply in large groups or in public schools and their demand of not to use the mother language has often ended in complicated explanations. In spite of all these disadvantages, the direct method has provided important innovations in the field of teaching processes.

This method was an answer to Grammatical – translation method and it put the bases for didactic theory. Now, it is still used because of its didactic way. In Bolivia some private schools and institution have great benefits using this method, but it is not possible with a large number of students, so in public schools it is not practiced. Bibliography: All the information given was a recompilation form the next authors. -

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9

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Richards, J. y Rodgers, T. (1986). Enfoques y métodos en la enseñanza de idiomas. Madrid: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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Titone, R. (1968). Teaching Foreign Languages: An Historical Sketch. Washington: Georgetown University Press.