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• Luisa Díaz

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Amazing facts / Datos asombrosos In this third learning activity, you will learn about describing people, objects and places and how to make comparisons using superlative and comparative forms. / En esta tercera actividad de aprendizaje, aprenderá sobre describir personas, objetos y lugares y sobre cómo hacer comparaciones usando comparativos y superlativos.

Introductory material / Material introductorio Dear learner, / Estimado aprendiz: This material will help you study the topics related to learning activity 3. / Este material le permitirá estudiar los temas relacionados con la actividad de aprendizaje 3. You will learn about: / Los temas a tratar son: 1. Describing people and places. / Descripción de personas y lugares. 2. Comparative and superlative forms. / Formas de comparativos y superlativos. Let’s begin! / ¡Empecemos!

1. Describing people and places / Descripción de personas y lugares A. Johana wants to go on a date, so she decided to sign up for an online dating

website. Read her profile and physical description. / Johana quiere tener una cita, para ello ha decidido inscribirse en una página web de citas, lea el perfil de Johana y su descripción física.

Fuente: SENA

The following is a list of adjectives to describe people / La siguiente es una lista de adjetivos para describir personas a. Age: baby, toddler, teenager, young middle-aged, elderly.

child, a. Edad: bebé, niño de 2 – 4 años, adult, niño, adolescente, adulto joven, edad mediana, adulto mayor.

b. Build: slim/thin, athletic, b. Contextura: delgado, atlético, muscular, fat, overweight. musculoso, gordo, obeso. c. Height: tall, medium, average c. Estatura: alto, mediano, estatura height, short. promedio, bajo. d. Eye color: black, brown, blue, d. Color de ojos: negro, café, azul, grey, green, hazel. gris, verde, miel.

e. Hair type: long, short, shoulder length, straight, curly, wavy, bald.

e. Tipo de cabello: largo, corto, a la altura de los hombros, liso, crespo, ondulado, calvo.

f. Hair color: red, black, dark f. Color de cabello: rojizo, negro, brown, light brown, blonde, white, café oscuro, café claro, rubio, grey, highlights. blanco, gris, iluminaciones. g. Facial hair: full beard, g. Vello facial: Barba completa, moustache, thick eyebrows, bigote, cejas pobladas, sombra de unshaven. barba.

h. Personality: fun, easygoing, shy, talkative, smart, nice.

h. Personalidad: alegre, sociable, tímido/a, hablador/a, inteligente, agradable.

Read the following short conversations to see some useful expressions for describing people. / Lea las siguientes conversaciones cortas para ver algunas expresiones útiles acerca de descripción de personas.

A: What do you look like?

A: ¿Cómo es su aspecto físico?

B: I am tall and thin. I have short, red hair.

B: Soy alta y delgada. Tengo cabello rojo corto.

To answer this question remember the formulas:

Para responder a esta pregunta recuerde las fórmulas:

I am + adjective.

Soy + adjetivo.

I have + adjective + body part.

Tengo + adjetivo + parte del cuerpo. Fuente: SENA

A: What does she look like?

A: ¿Cómo es el aspecto físico de ella?

B: She is short and fat. She has dark brown eyes and curly, blonde hair.

B: Ella es baja y gorda. Ella tiene ojos cafés oscuros y cabello rubio y crespo.

To answer this question remember the formulas:

Para responder a pregunta recuerde fórmulas:

She is / He is + adjective.

Ella es / Él es + adjetivo. Fuente: SENA

Ella tiene / Él tiene + adjetivo + parte del cuerpo.

She has / He has + adjective + body part.

A:

A: What are you like? B: I am nice and shy.

¿Cómo es personalidad?

tu

B: Soy agradable y tímida.

To answer this question remember the formula: She is / He is + adjective.

esta las

Para responder a esta pregunta recuerde la fórmula: Fuente: SENA

Ella es / Él es + adjetivo.

A:

A: What is she like? B: She is fun and easygoing.

su

B: Ella es divertida y sociable.

To answer this question remember the formula: She is / He is + adjective.

¿Cómo es personalidad?

Para responder a esta pregunta recuerde la fórmula: Fuente: SENA

Ella es / el es + adjetivo.

B. Nicole wants to know about touristic places in Colombia. She is planning a trip with some friends. Read the following article that will help you learn how to describe places: / Nicole quiere saber acerca de sitios turísticos en Colombia. Ella está planeado un viaje con sus amigos. Lea el siguiente artículo para aprender a describir lugares:

Traveling across Colombia This beautiful country has a wide variety of climates; you can enjoy its lovely beaches or walk in the mountains any time of the year. Cartagena is a coastal city full of beaches and comfortable hotels. You can practice water sports, such as scuba diving, sailing or water skiing. It’s sunny hot weather invites visitors to sunbathe and relax near the sea. Also, Cartagena is an old city with colonial architecture and excellent restaurants which offer international and traditional food. Another place is Nevado del Ruiz. The Nevado is a high snowcapped mountain where you can find small hotels. You can play with the snow, enjoy the landscape and go climbing. It’s a peaceful and amazing natural place. Don’t miss the opportunity to see fantastic places and have fun. Colombia is waiting for you!

Fuente de imágenes: SENA

Adjectives to describe objects and places / Adjetivos para describir objetos y lugares a. Opinion: interesting, peaceful, a. Opinión: interesante, tranquilo, famous, important, useful, famoso, importante, útil, excellent, nice, cheap, expensive, excelente, bonito, barato, beautiful, comfortable. costoso, hermoso, cómodo. b. Size: big, small, huge, heavy, b. Tamaño / medida: grande, light, wide, high. pequeño, enorme, pesado, liviano, ancho, alto. c. Age: old, new, modern, ancient, c. Edad: viejo, nuevo, moderno, old fashioned. antiguo, anticuado. d. Shape: square, round, d. Forma: cuadrado, redondo, rectangular, triangular, narrow. rectangular, triangular, angosto. e. Color: blue, brown, gray, purple, e. Color: azul, café, gris, morado, white, green, orange, red, yellow, blanco, verde, naranja, rojo, pink. amarillo, rosado. f. Material: iron, rubber, paper, f. Material: de hierro, de goma, de plastic, stone, wooden, glass, papel, de plástico, de piedra, de leather, cotton, woolen. madera, de vidrio, de cuero, de algodón, de lana. Useful expressions to describe objects and places / Expresiones útiles acerca de descripción de objetos y lugares A: What does Cartagena look like?

A: ¿Cómo es el aspecto de Cartagena?

B: It is an old, coastal city. It has beautiful beaches.

B: Es una ciudad costera antigua. Tiene hermosas playas.

To answer this question remember the formulas:

Para responder a pregunta recuerde fórmulas:

It is + adjective + noun. It has + adjective + noun.

Fuente: Fotolia (s.f.)

esta las

Esto es + adjetivo + sustantivo. Tiene + adjetivo + sustantivo

A: What is Cartagena like?

A: ¿Cómo es Cartagena? B: Es divertida y tranquila.

B: It is fun and relaxed. Para responder a esta pregunta recuerde la fórmula:

To answer this question remember the formula: It is + adjective.

Fuente: Fotolia (s.f.)

A: ¿Cómo es el aspecto del Nevado del Ruíz?

A: What does Nevado del Ruiz look like? B: It is a high, snowcapped mountain. It has amazing landscapes.

B: Es un nevado alto. Tiene asombrosos paisajes. Fuente: Fotolia (s.f.)

Para responder a esta pregunta recuerde las fórmulas:

Fuente: Fotolia (s.f.)

Esto es + adjetivo + sustantivo.

To answer this question remember the formulas: It is + adjective + noun. It has + adjective + noun

Esto es + adjetivo.

Tiene + adjetivo + sustantivo.

A: What is Nevado del Ruiz like?

A: ¿Cómo es el Nevado del Ruíz?

B: It is peaceful and amazing. To answer this question remember the formula:

B: Es tranquilo y asombroso. Para responder a pregunta recuerde fórmula:

esta la

Fuente: Fotolia (s.f.)

Esto es + adjetivo.

It is + adjective.

A: ¿Cómo es el aspecto de su carro?

A: What does your car look like?

B: Es pequeño, viejo y azul. Tiene llantas nuevas.

B: It is small, old and blue. It has new wheels.

A: ¿Cómo es su carro? A: What is your car like? B: Es barato y cómodo. B: It is nice and comfortable.

Para responder a estas preguntas recuerde las fórmulas:

To answer this questions remember the formulas: Fuente: SENA

It is + adjective + noun. It has + adjective + noun.

Esto es + adjetivo + sustantivo. Tiene + adjetivo + sustantivo.

2. Comparatives and superlatives / Comparativos y Superlativos A. Nicole continues planning her trip. She is still looking for more information about cities in Colombia. Let’s show her some facts. / Nicole continúa planeando su viaje, por esta razón ella está buscando información sobre ciudades en Colombia. Mostrémosle algunos datos.

Barranquilla

Medellin

Barranquilla is a big Medellin is bigger than city. / Barranquilla es Barranquilla. / Medellín es más grande que una ciudad grande. Barranquilla.

Villavicencio

Cucuta

Villavicencio is a hot Cucuta is hotter than city. / Villavicencio es Villavicencio. / Cúcuta es más caliente que una ciudad caliente. Villavicencio.

Cartagena

Medellin

Bogota

Bogota is the biggest city in Colombia. / Bogotá es la ciudad más grande de Colombia.

Barranquilla

Barranquilla is the hottest city in Colombia. / Barranquilla es la ciudad más caliente de Colombia. Bogota

is more Cartagena is a Medellin than populated city. / populated Cartagena es una Cartagena. / Medellín es más poblada que ciudad poblada. Cartagena.

Bogota is the most populated city in Colombia. / Bogotá es la ciudad más poblada de Colombia.

Fuente de imágenes: SENA

B. Making comparisons in English. / Haciendo comparaciones en inglés. When you compare people, objects or places in English, you usually talk about their similarities and differences. To do this you need to use comparative and superlative forms. / Cuando usted compara personas, objetos o lugares en inglés, usualmente habla sobre sus similitudes o diferencias. Para hacerlo usted necesita usar comparativos y superlativos. Let’s see how these adjectives are formed. / Revisemos como se forman estos adjetivos. Comparative adjectives / Adjetivos comparativos Adjective / Adjetivo

Add… / Añadir …

Example / Ejemplo

Cold / Frío

Cold +er / Más frio

Bogota is colder than Medellin. / Bogotá es más fría que Medellín.

Happy / Feliz

Happier / Más feliz

Mr. Spencer feels happier in Cartagena than in Bogota. / El señor Spencer es más feliz en Cartagena que en Bogotá.

Populated / Poblado

More + populated / Más poblado

Bogota is more populated than Medellin. / Bogotá es más poblada que Medellín.

a. Forming comparative and superlative adjectives. / Formar adjetivos comparativos y superlativos. Adjective form / Adjetivo en forma básica

Comparative form / Forma comparative

Superlative form / Forma superlativa

Cold / Frío

Colder / Más frío

The coldest / El más frío

Example: Medellin is colder than Cartagena. Bogota is the coldest. / Ejemplo: Medellín es más frío que Cartagena. Bogotá es la más fría.

Only one syllable adjective, with one vowel and one consonant Comparative form / at the end / Forma comparativa Adjetivo de una sílaba con una vocal y una consonante al final Big /Grande

Bigger / Más grande

Superlative form / Forma superlativa

The biggest / El más grande

Example: Medellin is bigger than Cartagena. Bogota is the biggest. / Ejemplo: Medellín es más grande que Cartagena. Bogotá es la más grande. Two syllables adjective, ending in –y / Adjetivo de dos sílabas terminado en – y

Comparative form / Forma comparativa

Superlative form / Forma superlativa

The windiest / El más ventoso Example: Spring is windier than summer. Autumn is the windiest / Ejemplo: la primavera es más ventosa que el verano. El otoño es el más ventoso. Windy / Ventoso

Windier / Más ventoso

Two or more syllables not ending in –y / Dos o más sílabas no terminando en – y

Comparative form / Forma comparativa

Superlative form / Forma superlativa

Interesting / Interesante

More interesting / Más interesante

The most interesting / El más interesante

Example: Daniel is more interesting than Julian. Daryl is the most interesting. / Ejemplo: Daniel es más interesante que Julian. Daryl es el más interesante. Irregular adjectives / Adjetivos irregulares

Comparative form / Forma comparative

Superlative form / Forma superlativa

Good / Bueno

Better / Mejor

The best / El mejor

Bad / Malo

Worse / Más malo

The worst / El peor

Example: Eating vegetables is better than eating fast food. / Ejemplo: comer verduras es mejor que comer comida rápida. Example: Cooking at home is the best way to eat healthy. / Ejemplo: cocinar en casa es la mejor forma de comer saludable. Example: Sleeping four hours is worse than sleeping five hours. Sleeping more than eight hours is the worst. / Ejemplo: dormir cuatro horas es más malo que dormir cinco horas. Dormir más de ocho horas es lo peor.

Contextualization / Contextualización Read the conversation between Johana and Nicole. / Lea la conversación entre Johana y Nicole.

Hi, Johana.

That’s great!

What’s up?

I’m planning a trip with some friends around Colombia.

We can check on my computer to choose the best place to visit.

World Tour travel agency has a lot of information on its website.

I am so excited about visiting Colombia! But first, I need to decide which cities in Colombia I want to go to.

Great idea!

Let’s go for a cup of coffee and you can help me plan my trip.

Sure. Ok let’s go into the coffee shop near my house.

In the coffee shop…

It seems very interesting. Let’s check what’s on the page.

Look Nicole, this is the website.

Our travel agency World Tour is pleased to welcome you to a new travel experience. We offer the best tourist packages to suit all our customer’s budgets and preferences.

Thanks Johana. You helped me to plan my trip.

It looks like a fantastic city. I hope you can visit it soon and tell me about your trip!

You’re welcome. So, where are you going to travel?

Ok. I’ll talk to you later. I have to go talk to my friends about the trip.

I am not sure yet. I have to talk to my friends, but Medellin sounds good.

Ok. Good luck! Bye!

The end. Fuente de imágenes: SENA

Comprehension / Comprensión A. Read the conversation again. Select (X) true or false about the statements. / Lea la conversación nuevamente. Seleccione (X) verdadero o falso acerca de las oraciones. True

False

1. Johana is planning a trip. 2. Nicole is travelling soon. 3. Nicole is excited about visiting Colombia. 4. World Tour is an expensive hotel. 5. Nicole and Johana went for a cup of coffee. 6. World Tour does not have information about traveling. 7. Nicole and Johana read a tourist guide. 8. Johana is traveling with Nicole. 9. Johana didn’t help Nicole. 10. Nicole liked the website.

B. Complete the sentences with comparative and superlative forms from the box. / Complete las oraciones con comparativos y superlativos de la caja.

colder / the best / bigger than / windier / the hottest / the biggest / the most important / the second biggest 1. We offer _________ tourist packages. 2. Bogota is ________ than Medellin. 3. Cartagena is probably _________ city. 4. Bogota is __________ city in the country. 5. Bogota is_______ than Medellin. 6. Bogota is one of _______________ cities in the country. 7. Medellin is _________________ city. 8. Bogota is _______ than Medellin.

Practice 1 / Práctica 1 A. Read and complete the texts about Johana and her friends with the words from the box. / Lea y complete los textos acerca de Johana y sus amigos con las palabras de la caja. short brown / long straight black / shoulder length brown / short blonde / slim / brown / blue / brown / dark brown

What does Johana look like? She has _____________ hair. She is _____ and she has __________eyes.

What does John look like? He has _________ hair. He has _____ eyes.

What does Richard look like? He has __________ hair. He has ______ eyes.

What does Nicole look like? She has ____________ hair. She has _______eyes.

Fuente de imágenes: SENA

B. Match each description with the image. / Relacione cada descripción con una imagen.

It is a small blue car.

It is a white notebook.

It is a red pencil.

It is an old watch.

It is a large red car.

It is a modern watch.

It is a yellow pencil.

It is a short dress.

It is a red notebook.

It is a long dress.

Fuente de imágenes: SENA

C. Take a look at pictures A and B. Then complete the sentences using the comparative forms of the adjectives in brackets. / Observe las fotos A y B. Luego complete las oraciones usando las formas comparativas de los adjetivos en paréntesis. Picture A

Picture B

Fuente de imágenes: SENA

Example: House B is in a more polluted (polluted) area than house A. 1. House B is ________ (noisy) than house A. 2. House A is _______ (quiet) than house B. 3. House A is ________ (good) for growing vegetables than house B. 4. House A is located in a ______________ (peaceful) location than house B.

5. House A is _____________ (convenient) than house B for having a pet. D. Choose the correct option. / Escoja la opción correcta. Example: I am old / older / more old than my sister. 1. English is (easier / more easy / easy) than other languages. 2. Colombians are (happy / most happier / happier) than people from other countries. 3. Cats are (more funny / funnier / the funnier) than dogs. 4. Mexican food is (spicier / spicy / spiciest) than Colombian food. 5. Riding bicycle is (the fast / the faster / faster) than walking. 6. Working out is (good / gooder / better) than smoking. 7. Eggs are (more cheapier / cheaper / the cheapest) than meat. 8. The country is (more quietest / quieter/ quiet) than the city. 9. Americans are (the tallest / the more tall / taller) than Colombians. 10. The traffic in Bogota is (worse / bad / worst) than in Medellin.

Practice 2 / Práctica 2 PACTICE 2 / PRÁCTICA 2 A. Study the following information about Johana, Nicole, John and Richard. Then, complete the sentences using comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives in brackets. / Estudie la información acerca de Johana, Nicole, John y Richard. Luego complete las oraciones usando comparativos y superlativos de los adjetivos en paréntesis.

Fuente de imágenes: SENA

Example: Johana is older (old) than John. 1. Richard is _________ (young) than Nicole. 2. Johana’s hair is ___________ (straight) than Nicole’s. 3. Johana is ________ (old) than John, but Richard is ________ (old) than Johana. Nicole is the _________ (old) of them all. 4. John is ________ (heavy) than Richard. 5. Nicole is ________ (light) than John. 6. Richard is ________ (light) than John. Nicole is ________ (light) than Richard, but Johana is the __________ (light) of all. 7. Johana is ________ (tall) than John. 8. Nicole is _________ (short) than Richard. 9. Nicole is ________ (short) than ____________(tall) of the group.

Johana

and

John.

Richard

is

10. John looks _________ (happy) than the others. B. Look at the following adjectives. Drag their comparative and superlative forms in the correct box. / Observe los siguientes adjetivos. Arrastre su forma comparativa y superlativa en el cuadro correspondiente. More famous than. More popular than. The most crowded.

The most delicious. The most comfortable.

Noisier than.

Bigger than.

More beautiful than.

The ugliest.

The fattest.

More expensive than. The most modern.

Comparative form

Superlative form

C. Choose the correct option. / Escoja la opción correcta. Example: I am old / older / more old than my sister. 1. Bogota is the more big / bigger / biggest city in Colombia. 2. Reading is interesting / more interesting / interestinger than watching T.V. 3. Cats are more good / gooder / better pets than dogs. 4. Taking a taxi is more expensive / the more expensive / expensive than taking a bus. 5. Chocolate ice-cream is deliciouser / most delicious / more delicious that vanilla ice-cream.

6. The importantest / most important /more important thing in life is selfesteem. 7. Chatting on line with a friend is more funny / funnier / the funnier than meeting him/her personally. 8. Roses are the most beautiful / more beautiful / beautiful flowers. 9. Going to the cinema is the popularest / more popular / most popular free time activity in my city. 10. A sofa is more comfortable / comfortablier / the more comfortable than a chair.

Pronunciation practice / Práctica de pronunciación Note: This practice must be completed using the multimedia version of the study material. There you will find the corresponding sound files. / Nota: esta práctica debe ser completada usando la versión multimedia del material de estudio. Allí encontrará los archivos de audio correspondientes. A. Listen to the following words. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the vowel in each word. / Escuche las siguientes palabras. Preste atención a la vocal de cada palabra. Note: If there are more than two vowels in a word, pay attention to the vowel in the underlined syllable. / Nota: si hay más de dos vocales en una palabra, preste atención únicamente a la vocal en la sílaba subrayada.

ɜr

ər

ə

e

er

First

Paper

University

Leather

Where

Purple

Better

Important

Best

Square

Now, classify the words on the following list according to the vowel sound you hear. / Ahora, clasifique las palabras en la lista de acuerdo con el sonido que escuche.

ɜr

Pepper

Best

Worse

Hair

Rubber

World

Elderly

Famous

Popular

Muscular

Dress

Weather

Cotton

Worst

Term

Modern

Bigger

Woolen

Leather

Comfortable

Paper

Elderly

Curly

Comfortable

Muscular

Better

ər

ə

e

er

B. Listen to the following words. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the underlined consonant in each word. Then, say them aloud. Try to imitate the consonants sounds you hear. / Escuche las siguientes palabras. Preste atención a la consonante subrayada en cada palabra. Luego, diga las

palabras en voz alta tratando de imitar los sonidos consonánticos escuchados.

θ

t

ð

d

Thick

Fat

This

Bald

Athletic

Height

Another

Toddler

Now, classify the words on the following list according to the consonant sound you hear. / Ahora, clasifique las palabras en la lista de acuerdo con el sonido de consonante que escuche. Ancient

The

Leather

Overweight

Elderly

Weather

Than

Child

Modern

Beard

Moustache

Length

Thin

Cotton

Old

Light

Straight

Blonde

θ

t

ð

d

C. Listen to the following words. Pay attention to the stressed syllable. / Escuche las siguientes palabras. Preste atención a la ubicación de la sílaba acentuada.

Leather

Athletic

Beautiful

Plastic

Important

Overweight

Now, classify the words on the list according to their stress pattern. / Ahora, clasifique las palabras en la lista de acuerdo con su patrón acentual. Famous Muscular Iron Talkative Peaceful Elderly Comfortable Hazel Expensive Middle age Rubber Shoulder length Narrow Unshaven Interesting Average

Useful Medium Woolen Teenager

D. Listen to the pronunciation of the following sentences. Then, say them aloud. Try to imitate the intonation pattern used. / Escuche la pronunciación de las siguientes oraciones. Luego, dígalas en voz alta tratando de imitar el patrón de entonación usado. What does she look like? Sleeping four hours is worse than sleeping five hours. Barranquilla is the hottest city in Colombia. What are you like? Daryl is the most interesting. Medellin is colder than Cartagena. Bogota is the coldest. Daniel is more interesting than Julian. Eating vegetables is better than eating fast food.

References / Referencias • Fotolia. (s.f.). Chimborazo volcano at dawn on a sunny day. Consultado el 07 de septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/69064299 • Fotolia. (s.f.). Girls sun bathing on the beach. Consultado el 07 de septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/63508480 • Fotolia. (s.f.). Osorno vulcan, Chile. Consultado el 07 de septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/69700783 • Fotolia. (s.f.). Walled town of Cartagena, Colombia. Consultado el 07 de septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/68788091

Document control / Control del documento

Author

Name

Position

Dependence

Date

Johana Méndez Sarmiento

Theme expert Asesor English Dot Works Programa de bilingüismo

Dirección de Formación Profesional. Dirección General

August 2014

Copy editor – Línea de Producción

Centro Agroindustrial. Regional Quindío

September 2014

Luz Clarena Adaptation Arias