Los-4-Diagnosticos-Chinos.pdf

LOS 4 DIAGNÓSTICOS CHINOS COLOR-SONIDO-INTERROGATORIO-PALPACIÓN De Instrucciones meritorias de la medicina consagrada,

Views 75 Downloads 0 File size 360KB

Report DMCA / Copyright

DOWNLOAD FILE

Citation preview

LOS 4 DIAGNÓSTICOS

CHINOS COLOR-SONIDO-INTERROGATORIO-PALPACIÓN

De Instrucciones meritorias de la medicina consagrada, bajo el auspicio del Emperador Kien-Lung, de la dinastía Ching

Traducción española: CHAO-CHANG CHENG Prólogo: FERMÍN CABAL

/26',$*1Ð67,&26&+,126 ‹ 'HODWUDGXFFLyQ&KDR&KDQJ&KHQJ ‹ 'HHVWDHGLFLyQ0DQGDOD Ediciones  &7DUUDJRQD  0DGULG (VSDxD  7HO  )D[  (PDLOinfR#PDQGDODHGLFLRQHVFRP  ZZZPDQGDODHGLFLRQHVFRP NuevDHGLFLyQ6HSWLHPEUHGH &XDOTXLHUIRUPDGHUHSURGXFFLyQGLVWULEXFLyQFRPXQLFDFLyQS~EOLFDRWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHHVWDREUD VRORSXHGHVHUUHDOL]DGDFRQODDXWRUL]DFLyQGHVXVWLWXODUHVVDOYRH[FHSFLyQSUHYLVWDSRUODOH\'LUtMDVH D&('52 &HQWUR(VSDxROGH'HUHFKRV5HSURJUiÀFRVZZZFHGURRUJ VLQHFHVLWDIRWRFRSLDURHVFD QHDUDOJ~QIUDJPHQWRGHHVWDREUD Fotografía de portada: © Shutterstock 0DTXHWDFLyQ7255(6/ ,PSULPH ,6%1 978-84-8352-723-8 'HSyVLWROHJDO M-32395-2012

ÍNDICE

35Ð/2*2                                                     , 6tQWHVLVJHQHUDO                                           ,, 2EVHUYDU                                               ,,, (VFXFKDU                                               ,9 3UHJXQWDU                                               9 (OGLDJQyVWLFRFRPELQDGR                                  9, 3DOSDU                                                 



PRÓLOGO

3

$5$ORVFKLQRVWLHQHFDSLWDOLPSRUWDQFLDHODQiOLVLVGLDJQyVWLFRGHOHQ

IHUPRTXHUHDOL]DQEDMRWRGRVORVDVSHFWRVSRVLEOHVDQiOLVLVItVLFRSVt TXLFR\HVSLULWXDO &RQ LQGHSHQGHQFLD GHO GLDJQyVWLFR SXOVROyJLFR TXH EDVDPHQWD WRGR FRPLHQ]RGHWUDWDPLHQWRWHUDSpXWLFRORVFKLQRVUHDOL]DQXQHVFUXSXORVR\ H[KDXVWLYR DQiOLVLV GHO HQIHUPR VREUH FXDWUR SLODUHV LQGHSHQGLHQWHV GH OD SXOVRORJtDFRPRVRQHOFRORUHOVRQLGRODSDOSDFLyQ\HOLQWHUURJDWRULR /DPLQXFLRVDREVHUYDFLyQGHOFRORUEDVDGDHQOD/H\GHORVFLQFRHOH PHQWRVFRQGXFHDFRQFOXVLRQHVLQGLVFXWLEOHVGHRUGHQDQDOtWLFRSDUDDVtOR JUDUXQDPHMRUDSOLFDFLyQWHUDSpXWLFD 6RQFRORUHVREVHUYDEOHVHQODVYtVFHUDVyUJDQRVSLHO«\TXHWLHQHQPD QLIHVWDFLRQHV GLYHUVDV VHJ~Q OD pSRFD HVWDFLRQDO SULQFLSDOPHQWH REVHUYD EOHVHQGHWHUPLQDGRVOXJDUHVGHOFXHUSR (OPpGLFRFKLQRGLDJQRVWLFDODVHQIHUPHGDGHVPHGLDQWHODHVFXFKDSHU FLELHQGRFRQVXVRtGRVGLYHUVRVVRQLGRVDWUDYpVGHORVFXDOHVLQWX\H\ORFD OL]DODVOHVLRQHVRUJiQLFDV8QGHWHQLGRDQiOLVLVGHODODULQJHORVSXOPRQHV ODOHQJXDORVGLHQWHVORVODELRV\ODVFXHUGDVYRFDOHVOHOOHYDDFRQFOXVLRQHV FRQYLQFHQWHV ,QGLVFXWLEOHPHQWHSDUDHOPpGLFRRFFLGHQWDOHVWHPLQXFLRVRH[DPLQDUDO HQIHUPRSDUHFHH[WUDxRVREUHWRGRVLWHQHPRVHQFXHQWDORIiFLOTXHUHVXOWD 

LOS 4 DIAGNÓSTICOS CHINOS

GLDJQRVWLFDU GHVSXpV GH FRQWHPSODU XQ DQiOLVLV TXtPLFR 3HUR HO PpGLFR FKLQRWUDWDGHHYLWDUHTXtYRFRVHVWDEOHFLHQGRFRQFOXVLRQHVGHVSXpVGHUHDOL ]DUWRGRVORVDQiOLVLVSRVLEOHVQRFRQIRUPiQGRVHFRQFXDOHVTXLHUDGHHOORVR FRQVDEHUFXiOHVODHQIHUPHGDGDWUDYpVGHOVtQWRPD7pQJDVHHQFXHQWDTXH HOPpGLFRFKLQREXVFDHOHTXLOLEULRFRPSOHWR\QRODFXUDFLyQGHXQDGHWHU PLQDGDHQIHUPHGDG'HWUiVGHXQDHQIHUPHGDGSXHGHKDEHURWUDXRWUDV\OD REOLJDFLyQGHOPpGLFRFKLQRHVHTXLOLEUDUWRWDOPHQWHDOHQIHUPRSRUORTXH VXGLDJQyVWLFRKDGHVHUWDQSURIXQGRFRPRVHJXURGHGXFLHQGRFRQVHFXHQFLDV GHOFRORUGHOVRQLGRGHODSDOSDFLyQSXOVROyJLFDGHOH[DPHQÀVLRQyPLFRGH ORVDQWHFHGHQWHVIDPLOLDUHV\GHOLQWHUURJDWRULR (VWH LQWHUHVDQWtVLPR WUDEDMR TXH SUHVHQWDPRV YLHQH UHDOL]iQGRVH HQ OD PLOHQDULD&KLQDGHVGHODpSRFDGHOWUDWDPLHQWRDFXSXQWXUDOSRUYtDHPStULFD \FUHHPRVTXHVXFRQRFLPLHQWRHVWXGLR\DSOLFDFLyQQRGHEHGHVGHxDUVHSRU HOPpGLFRRFFLGHQWDO 1RHVQHFHVDULRKDFHUFRPHQWDULRDOJXQRDFHUFDGHOHQRUPHYDORUTXH UHSUHVHQWDHVWH©HVWXGLRGLDJQyVWLFRªSDUDORVQRSURIHVLRQDOHVGHODPHGL FLQDRFFLGHQWDO )(50Ì1&$%$/



I. SÍNTESIS GENERAL 1



   

    



 8QPpGLFRGLYLQRGLDJQRVWLFDSRUREVHUYDUTXLHQ FRQWHPSODORVFLQFRFRORUHVFRQVXVRMRV  8QPpGLFRFRQVDJUDGRGLDJQRVWLFDSRUHVFXFKDU TXLHQSHUFLEHORVFLQFRVRQLGRVFRQVXVRtGRV  8QPpGLFRVDELRGLDJQRVWLFDSRUSUHJXQWDUTXLHQ DQDOL]DODVFLQFRHQIHUPHGDGHVFRQVXVGLiORJRV  8QPpGLFRO~FLGRGLDJQRVWLFDSRUSDOSDUTXLHQ DSUHFLDORVFLQFRSXOVRVFRQVXVGHGRV



II. OBSERVAR 2



        

   





 

 /D PDGHUD VH WUDQVIRUPD HQ HO FRORU YHUGH (O IXHJRVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUURMR/DWLHUUDVH WUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUDPDULOOR(OPHWDOVHWUDQV IRUPDHQHOFRORUEODQFR(ODJXDVHWUDQVIRUPD HQHOFRORUQHJUR        (OKtJDGRVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUYHUGH(OFR   

 UD]yQVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUURMR(OED]RVH     WUDQVIRUPD HQ HO FRORU DPDULOOR (O SXOPyQ VH





  WUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUEODQFR(OULxyQVHWUDQV IRUPDHQHOFRORUQHJUR

3



         

  

 /DPDGHUDFUHDHOIXHJR(OIXHJRFUHDODWLHUUD /DWLHUUDFUHDHOPHWDO(OPHWDOFUHDHODJXD(O DJXDFUHDODPDGHUD  (OPHWDOGHVWUX\HODPDGHUD/DPDGHUDGHVWUX\H ODWLHUUD/DWLHUUDGHVWUX\HHODJXD(ODJXDGHV WUX\HHOIXHJR(OIXHJRGHVWUX\HHOPHWDO

         

  



LOS 4 DIAGNÓSTICOS CHINOS

          



    

!         



 " 

 6LHOYHUGHVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOURMRHOURMRVHWUDQV IRUPDHQHODPDULOORHODPDULOORVHWUDQVIRUPDHQ HOEODQFRHOEODQFRVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOQHJURRHO QHJURVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOYHUGHVRQFDPELRVFUHD WLYRVTXHUHYHODQODSRVLELOLGDGFXUDWLYD  (OEODQFRGHVWUX\HQGRHOYHUGHVHWUDQVIRUPDHQ HO FRORU SiOLGR YHUGRVR (O URMR GHVWUX\HQGR HO EODQFRVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUURVDGR(OYHUGH GHVWUX\HQGRHODPDULOORVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORU DPDULOORYHUGRVR(OQHJURGHVWUX\HQGRHOURMRVH WUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORUSDUGR(ODPDULOORGHVWUX \HQGRHOQHJURVHWUDQVIRUPDHQHOFRORURFUH (VWRVVRQFDPELRVGHVWUXFWLYRVTXHUHYHODQOD PD\RUGLÀFXOWDGGHFXUDUVH

4  

      

  #   

   $ %& %     %

 '% (  ) % ' %    *+ %"%  

 , %-% 



 (OFLHORQXWUHDOKRPEUHFRQODVFLQFRHQHU JtDVYLHQWRIUtRFDORUKXPHGDG\VHTXHGDG (OODVHQWUDQSRUODQDUL]/DHQHUJtDGHOYLHQWR SHQHWUDHQHOKtJDGRHOIUtRHQHOULxyQHOFDORU HQHOFRUD]yQODKXPHGDGHQHOED]R\ODVHTXH GDGHQHOSXOPyQ (VWDVHQHUJtDVUHVLGHQHQODVFLQFRYtVFHUDV\ VHWUDQVIRUPDQHQODVVXVWDQFLDVHQHUJpWLFDVYLV FHUDOHV (VWDV VXVWDQFLDV VH H[WHULRUL]DQ HQ OD FDUD /DHVHQFLDGHOKtJDGRVHH[WHULRUL]DSRUHOYHUGH

OBSERVAR

/DHVHQFLDGHOULxyQVHH[WHULRUL]DSRUHOQHJUR/D HVHQFLD GHO FRUD]yQ VH H[WHULRUL]D SRU HO URMR /DHVHQFLDGHOED]RVHH[WHULRUL]DSRUHODPDULOOR /DHVHQFLDGHOSXOPyQVHH[WHULRUL]DSRUHOEODQFR (VWRVVRQFRORUHVQDWXUDOHV\SHUPDQHQWHVGH ODVYtVFHUDVHQHOGLDJQyVWLFR

5  

 " "  " " 

 

      

   

 /RVFRORUHVGHODVFLQFRYtVFHUDVDSDUHFHQSHU PDQHQWHPHQWHHQODVSHUVRQDVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV DFDGDWLSRGHORVFLQFRHOHPHQWRV (VWRV VRQ ORV FRORUHV SURSLRV TXH SURYLHQHQ GHODVFLQFRYtVFHUDV /RVFRORUHVGHODVFLQFRHVWDFLRQHVDSDUHFHQ LQFRQVWDQWHPHQWHHQHOKRPEUHGHDFXHUGRDOD HVWDFLyQ (VWRVVRQORVFRORUHVLPSURSLRVTXHGRPLQDQ DOKRPEUHSRUODHVWDFLyQ /DHQHUJtDGHODSULPDYHUDSHQHWUDHQHOKt JDGRFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUYHUGH /DHQHUJtDGHOYHUDQRSHQHWUDHQHOFRUD]yQ FRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUURMR /D HQHUJtD GHO RWRxR SHQHWUD HQ HO SXOPyQ FRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUEODQFR /D HQHUJtD GHO LQYLHUQR SHQHWUD HQ HO ULxyQ FRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUQHJUR /DHQHUJtDGHODFDQtFXODSHQHWUDHQHOED]R FRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUDPDULOOR 

LOS 4 DIAGNÓSTICOS CHINOS

(VWRVVRQFRORUHVQDWXUDOHVGHODVFLQFRHVWD FLRQHV (VSRVLWLYRVLODHQHUJtDQDWXUDOGRPLQDDOD HQHUJtDKXPDQD3RUHOORVHGLFH©&XDQGRHOFR ORULPSURSLRGRPLQDDOFRORUSURSLRHVXQVtQ WRPDIDYRUDEOHª (VQHJDWLYRVLODHQHUJtDKXPDQDGRPLQDDOD HQHUJtDQDWXUDO3RUHOORVHGLFH©&XDQGRHOFR ORUSURSLRGRPLQDDOFRORULPSURSLRHVXQVtQ WRPDGHVIDYRUDEOHª 6HHQWLHQGHOD©GRPLQDQFLDªSRUODDOWHUDFLyQ GHVWUXFWLYDGHORVFLQFRFRORUHV(VGHFLUODDSD ULFLyQGHOFRORUEODQFRHQOXJDUGHOFRORUYHUGH HO QHJUR HQ OXJDU GHO URMR HO URMR HQ OXJDU GHO EODQFRHODPDULOORHQOXJDUGHOQHJURHOYHUGH HQOXJDUGHODPDULOOR

6   

"   



   

  

    

 

" 



 6LHOSDFLHQWHWLHQHODFDUDYHUGHFRQHOSXOVR H[WHQVRODFDUDURMDFRQHOSXOVRDPSOLRODFDUD DPDULOODFRQHOSXOVRSOiFLGRODFDUDEODQFDFRQ HOSXOVRVXSHUÀFLDORODFDUDQHJUDFRQHOSXOVR SURIXQGRHVXQDFRQFRUGDQFLDHQWUHHOFRORUID FLDO\HOWLSRGHSXOVRODFXDOLQGLFDODQRUPDOL GDGItVLFD &XDQGRHOSDFLHQWHWLHQHODFDUDYHUGHVLQHO SXOVRH[WHQVRHVXQDGLVFRUGDQFLDHQWUHHOFRORU IDFLDO\HOWLSRGHSXOVRTXHLPSOLFDXQVtQWRPD

OBSERVAR

SDWROyJLFR(QHVWHFDVRVLVHSUHVHQWDXQSXOVR VXSHUÀFLDOTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRORUGHVWUXFWLYR HVXQVtQWRPDSHOLJURVRVLVHSUHVHQWDXQSXOVR SURIXQGR TXH FRUUHVSRQGH DO FRORU FUHDWLYR HV XQVtQWRPDIDYRUDEOH (VWDOH\VHDSOLFDLJXDOPHQWHHQORVFDVRVGH ORVUHVWDQWHVFRORUHV

7



  

      /

 /  #  /   



    

 #" 

 /DHQIHUPHGDGLQLFLDOVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUODDOWH UDFLyQGHOSXOVRVLQSHUGHUHOEULOORGHOFRORU  /DHQIHUPHGDGFUyQLFDVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUODSpU GLGDGHOEULOORGHOFRORUVLQDOWHUDUHOSXOVR  6LODHQIHUPHGDGLQLFLDOQRVHSUHVHQWDFRQODDO WHUDFLyQGHOSXOVRQLODSpUGLGDGHOEULOORGHOFR ORUHVIiFLOGHFXUDU  6L OD HQIHUPHGDG FUyQLFD SURGXFH OD DOWHUDFLyQ GHOSXOVR\ODSpUGLGDGHOEULOORGHOFRORUHVXQ PDODXJXULR

8



   



 

 /RVFRORUHVYHUGHDPDULOORURMREODQFR\QHJUR VHHYLGHQFLDQSRUHOH[WHULRUGHODSLHO  /DVFLQFRHQHUJtDVVRQFRQWHQLGDVSRUHOLQWHULRU GHODSLHO

   

 



LOS 4 DIAGNÓSTICOS CHINOS

 0"  

"     #

  ! 

    "  

9   

  

9       

 

 



 6LHOFRORUGHODSLHOWLHQHXQWRQRYLYRRVHDHO EULOORHVXQDDSDULHQFLDFRPSOHWDGHODHQHUJtD\ HOFRORU  6LXQFRORUVHPDQLÀHVWDVLQEULOORHVXQDDSD ULHQFLDGHOFRORUVLQHQHUJtD 1HL.LQJ GLFH ©(Q FXDOTXLHU HVWDFLyQ YtV FHUD]RQDIDFLDOXyUJDQRVHQVLWLYRTXLHQWLHQH HOFRORUVLQHQHUJtDPRULUiª 3RU WDQWR HVWD DSDULHQFLD HV XQD VHxDO SHOL JURVDSRUPiVTXHODSHUVRQDQRHVWpHQIHUPD  6LHOFRORUHVSiOLGR\WHQXHSRUIXHUDGHODSLHO SHURFRQWLHQHHOEULOORSRUGHQWURHVXQDDSDULHQ FLDGHODHQHUJtDVLQFRORU 1HL.LQJ GLFH ©(Q FXDOTXLHU HVWDFLyQ YtV FHUD]RQDIDFLDOXyUJDQRVHQVLWLYRTXLHQWLHQH ODHQHUJtDVLQFRORUYLYLUiª 3RUWDQWRHVWDDSDULHQFLDHVXQDVHxDOVHJXUD SRUPiVTXHODSHUVRQDHVWpHQIHUPDJUDYHPHQWH

 /RVFRORUHVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDODVFLQFRYtV FHUDV TXH VH PDQLÀHVWDQ FRQ VXV GHELGDV HQHU JtDVVLHQGRQRUPDOHVGHEHQWHQHUXQWRQRTXH SDUHFHXQFRORUHQYXHOWRSRUHOOLHQ]RÀQR

OBSERVAR

10



  

          





 

 (O1HL.LQJGLFH©(OYHUGHGHEHVHUFODURFRPR MDGHHVXQYHUGHYLYR1RGHEHVHUGHQVRFRPRXQD KRMDDSDJDGDHVXQYHUGHPXHUWRª  (O1HL.LQJGLFH©(OURMRGHEHVHUDOHJUHFRPR UXEtHVXQURMRYLYR1RGHEHVHUGHQVRFRPROD VDQJUHFRDJXODGDHVXQURMRPXHUWRª  (O 1HL.LQJ GLFH ©(O QHJUR GHEH VHU EULOODQWH FRPRyOHRHVXQQHJURYLYR1RGHEHVHUSDUGR FRPRODWLHUUDVHFDHVXQQHJURPXHUWRª  (O 1HL.LQJ GLFH ©(O EODQFR GHEH VHU FRPR SOXPDGHXQFLVQHHVXQEODQFRYLYR1RGHEH VHUFRPRODVDOVHFDRFRPRXQKXHVRVHFRHVXQ EODQFRPXHUWRª  (O 1HL.LQJ GLFH ©(O DPDULOOR GHEH VHU FRPR ´DPDULOORPDVFXOLQR µHQYXHOWRHQXQOLHQ]RR FRPRHODPDULOORTXHDEDUFDXQWRQROLJHUDPHQWH URML]RHVXQDPDULOOR YLYR 1R GHEH VHU RSDFR FRPRODWLHUUDDPDULOODHVXQDPDULOORPXHUWRª

11



  

     #          



 #  

    

 /D OHQJXD HV HO yUJDQR GHO FRUD]yQ /D OHQJXD URMD UHSUHVHQWD OD FDUGLRSDWtD (O FRORU URMR RV

1GHO7©$PDULOORPDVFXOLQRªXQDHVSHFLHGHVXO IXUR GH DUVpQLFR PX\ XVDGR SRU ORV DOTXLPLVWDV DQWLJXRV SDUDKDFHUStOGRUDVGH©LQPRUWDOLGDGª



LOS 4 DIAGNÓSTICOS CHINOS

                   









12   

  



      



 #  

 '    



FXUR UHSUHVHQWD HO VtQWRPD OOHQR (O FRORU URMR FODURUHSUHVHQWDHOVtQWRPDYDFtR /DQDUL]HVHOyUJDQRGHORVSXOPRQHV/DQDUL] EODQFDUHSUHVHQWDODVHQIHUPHGDGHVGHORVSXOPR QHV(OFRORUEODQFRGHQVRDFRPSDxDGRSRUDVPD \SOHQLWXGWRUiFLFDUHSUHVHQWDHOVtQWRPDOOHQR (OFRORUEODQFRFODURDFRPSDxDGRSRUDVPDSHUR VLQSOHQLWXGWRUiFLFDUHSUHVHQWDHOVtQWRPDYDFtR /RV RMRV VRQ HO yUJDQR GHO KtJDGR (O iQJXOR RFXODUYHUGHUHSUHVHQWDODVHQIHUPHGDGHVGHOKt JDGR(OYHUGHRVFXURUHSUHVHQWDHOH[FHVRGHOD HQHUJtDSHUYHUVD(OYHUGHFODURUHSUHVHQWDHOYD FtRGHODHQHUJtDGHIHQVLYD /DERFDHVHOyUJDQRGHOED]R/RVODELRVDPDUL OORV UHSUHVHQWDQ ODV HQIHUPHGDGHV GHO ED]R (O FRORUDPDULOORGHQVRUHSUHVHQWDHOH[FHVRGHOD HQHUJtDSHUYHUVD(OFRORUDPDULOORFODURUHSUH VHQWDHOYDFtRGHODHQHUJtDGHIHQVLYD (ORtGRHVHOyUJDQRGHORVULxRQHV/DRUHMDQH JUDUHSUHVHQWDODVHQIHUPHGDGHVUHQDOHV(OFRORU QHJUR GHQVR UHSUHVHQWD HO H[FHVR GH OD HQHUJtD SHUYHUVD(OFRORUQHJURFODURUHSUHVHQWDHOYDFtR GHODHQHUJtDGHIHQVLYD

 /DPHMLOODL]TXLHUGDFRUUHVSRQGHDOKtJDGR ODPHMLOODGHUHFKDFRUUHVSRQGHDORVSXOPRQHVOD IUHQWHFRUUHVSRQGHDOFRUD]yQHOPHQWyQFRUUHV SRQGHDORVULxRQHVODQDUL]FRUUHVSRQGHDOED]R

OBSERVAR

(QFDGD]RQDIDFLDOVLVHSUHVHQWDHOFRORUQRU PDO GH VX YtVFHUD FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH HV XQD DSD ULHQFLDVDQD8QWRQRGHPDVLDGRFODURRGHQVR UHSUHVHQWDHQIHUPHGDGHV3RUHMHPSORODQDUL] TXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOED]R 6LWLHQHHOFRORUDPDULOORDQRUPDOUHSUHVHQWD OD HQIHUPHGDG GHO SURSLR PHULGLDQR TXH HV OD ©HQIHUPHGDGSURSLDª 6LWLHQHHOFRORUEODQFRUHSUHVHQWDHOGRPLQLR GHODHQHUJtDGHVX©KLMRªDVX©PDGUHªTXHHVOD ©HQIHUPHGDGYDFtDª 6LWLHQHHOFRORUURMRUHSUHVHQWDHOGRPLQLRGH ODHQHUJtDGHVX©PDGUHªDVX©KLMRªTXHHVOD ©HQIHUPHGDGOOHQDª 6LWLHQHHOFRORUYHUGHUHSUHVHQWDODWUDQVIRUPD FLyQGHVWUXFWLYDTXHHVOD©HQIHUPHGDGJUDYHª 6LWLHQHHOFRORUQHJURUHSUHVHQWDODWUDQVIRU PDFLyQFUHDWLYDTXHHVOD©HQIHUPHGDGOLYLDQDª 3DUDRWUDVYtVFHUDVWDPELpQVHDSOLFDHVWDOH\

13