Longman DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN ENGLISH XVCflv color dlu&tratlony Boston Public Library Boston, MA 02116* Pronuncia
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Longman DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN
ENGLISH XVCflv color
dlu&tratlony
Boston Public Library Boston, MA 02116*
Pronunciation Table Vowels Symbol
means means
Itl
Keyword
Idl i
i
beat, feed bit,
did
/,/
date, paid
£
bet,
ae
bat,
a
box, odd, father bought, dog boat, road book, good boot, food, student
3
ou u u A
/3
a sudden very loud noise:
/
together
heard the blast
/bles/ verb [past tense or past
participle blessed or blest]
Bless you! something you say to someone
of a trumpet.
1
4
when they SNEEZE
full
The
blast as loudly or as fast as possible:
blast 1
was on
television
full
2
blast.
verb
to break
something
into pieces by
causing an
explosion: They blasted through the rock.
2
to
make
a
lot of
thing with that
3 blast
loud noise:
music
/
can't hear any-
blasting.
off to leave the
blast-off /'.
ground at the begin-
1
./
a blaze of
color.
blind 1
/blaind/ adjective
not able to see: She
was born
blind.
a piece of material that you can pull
cover a window
» compare CURTAIN
down
to
blind-fold 1
/'blamdfould/ verb someone's eyes with a cloth so that he or she cannot see
to cover
noun
a very large bright
became a blaze. 2 a very bright light
blew /blu/
blind 2 noun
noun the moment when a SPACECRAFT leaves the ground /bleiz/
some-
The priest blessed the bread and wine.
the PAST TENSE of the verb blow
ning of a space flight
blaze 1
to ask for God's favor or protection for
thing:
2
fire:
The small
fire
soon
blindfold 2 noun or color: The flowers were
a piece of cloth used for covering
eyes so that he or she cannot see
someone's
blink
blot 2
verb
/blirjk/
noun mark made by
open and close your eyes quickly: The bright light made him blink. compare WINK
a dirty
blister
a shirt for
to
»
noun
/'blistaV
a raised area of skin,
with
filled
caused by rubbing or burning: were giving me blisters.
blizzard
shoes
snow and wind
/blab/ noun
a drop of thick
liquid:
He
blobs of paint on
left
floor.
block 1
My new
a
1
/blak/ noun piece
solid
of
The
straight sides:
wood,
wall
was
stone built
with
etc.
out of stone
blocks.
2 the distance along a street from where one it to the next: We live two blocks from the store. 3 something that stops things moving through or along something else: a road block street crosses
block 2
liquid:
an
ink blot
— see
on page
women 190
blow
/blou/ verb [past tense blew, past
1
or
girls
color picture
participle blown)
lot of
» compare HURRICANE the
usually
noun
/'bliz^d/
a very bad storm with a
blob
liquid,
a drop of
blouse /blaus/ noun
verb
1 to send out air through your mouth: She blew on her soup to cool it. 2 to move something using the force of moving air: The wind blew his hat off. 3 if the wind blows, it moves and makes a noise: The wind was blowing all night. 4 to send air into something so that it makes a sound: The guard blew his whistle to call for
help.
5 blow it spoken to not succeed in something because you make a mistake: / had a chance to win, but I blew it! 6 blow something out to stop a flame burning by using a movement of air: Blow out the candles on your birthday cake! 7 blow something up (a) to destroy something with an explosion: The bridge was blown up in the war. (b) to something with air: Can you help me blow up the balloons? 8 blow your nose to clean your nose by making air go through it fill
1
someone
to stop
or something from moving
through a place: A car was blocking the road. 2 to stop something from happening or succeeding
blow
blond
/bland/ adjective
blond hair
is light
blonde a
woman
blood the red
yellow
in
1
color
BLOND
2 an event that makes you unhappy or shocks news of her death was a terrible blow
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb blow
blue /blu/ blood, or involving injuries
are losing blood:
bloom
1
1
a flower
2
in (full)
bloom to
/
where you
bluff /bUf/
bloom having a in full
lot of
open flowers:
bloom.
clouds:
a blue shirt
\
verb
know more about someHe said he knew all about computers, but think he was bluffing.
blunt /bUnt/
verb into flowers:
thing than you really do:
Lilacs
bloom
in
the
adjective
not sharp or pointed: The knife
cut anything,
blossom /'blasam/ noun
blush
a flower on a tree or bush
to
—see
picture at
is
too blunt to
SHARP
/blAjV verb
become red in the face because you shame or EMBARRASSMENT
feel
/blat/ verb (blotting, blotted)
to press paper or cloth onto a it
[U]
I
spring.
1
blue eyes.
noun
when there are no
to pretend that you
open out
blot
adjective,
the color of the sky
She has
have a bloody nose.
/blum/ noun
The roses are 2
all.
blown /bloun/
bloodiest] in
us
[U]
that flows through your body
bloody /'blAdi/ adjective (bloodier, covered
hand or a weapon: He
you: The
hair
to
/bUd/ noun
liquid
noun
received a blow on the head.
/bland/ noun, informal
with
2
a hard hit with your
wet spot
to dry
board 1
ing
1
/bord/ noun
a long thin
something
flat
piece of
wood used
for build-
boom 2
a
surface used for a special purpose:
flat
up on the board. a chess board (=for playing CHESS on) 3 a group of people who make rules and imporPut
this notice
\
company
tant decisions for a school,
4 on board on
a
plane,
ship,
etc.:
Is
everyone on board?
full of a substance that will explode, used as a weapon: The group placed a bomb in a nuclear the town's main railway station. \
bomb
1
2
onto
get
to
bombed
verb a
plane,
ship,
train
etc.:
Passengers should board the train now. 2 board something up to cover a window or door with wooden boards
boarding school where students
a school
boast;
''..,./
live
2
verb
bombs on
drop
to
board
/bam/ noun
1
bomb
etc.
train
bomb
a container
the capital
a
The
place:
airforce
city.
bone /boun/ noun one
of the
hard parts
He
animal:
fell
in
the body of a person or
and broke a bone
in his leg.
bonf ire /'ban.faiaV noun
noun
as well as study
a big outdoor fire
bonnet /'banit/ noun
/boust/ verb
He boasted
to talk too proudly about yourself:
a soft hat that you
tie
under your chin
about his wealth.
bony /'bouni/ adjective (bonier,
boastful
very thin, so that you can see the bones:
/boust f al/ adjective
had long bony
speaking too proudly about yourself
boo
boat /bout/ noun He owns a
a small ship:
—see color picture on bob /bob/ to
move
small fishing boat.
page
1
/bu/ verb
up and down, especially on water:
The boat bobbed up and down on the
lake.
body /'badi/ noun [plural bodies) the whole of a person or animal: / want to have a strong healthy body. 2 the main part of a person or animal, not the head, arms, or legs: She has a short body and 1
2
made
book
1
make
a
liquid
so hot that
duce BUBBLES and steam:
Boil
it
starts to pro-
some water
for
the coffee.
2
to
cook food
in
boiling
water: Boil the eggs
them
are you reading?
writing on:
to
2
\
/bould/ adjective
Write
a bold attempt to catch the robber.
bolt; 1 /boult/ noun 1
a piece of metal or
book
2
wood used
for keeping a
2 a screw with no point which fastens NUT and holds two things together
into a
verb
to arrange to have something such as a tick-
room
2
to run
threw
its
it
in
a hotel kept for you,
later: I've
booked
tickets
tomorrow night's show. 2 to ARREST someone
bookcase /'buk-keis/ noun book-store
/'bukstor/ noun
a store that sells books
page 193
boom /bum/ noun
bolt: 2 verb to close a
in)
a piece of furniture with shelves for books
door closed
1
your exercise book.
this in
for
not afraid to do dangerous things; confident:
He made
pic-
a set of sheets of paper held together for
(=a book you do schoolwork
1
What book
—see color
185
so that you can use
bold
did not like a
that you read:
school books
et for an event or a
for four minutes.
who
/buk/ noun
boil 1
by people
a set of sheets of paper fastened together,
1
ture on page
/boil/ verb
show
performance, person etc.: There were boos from the audience. 2 a word you shout when you want to surprise someone who does not know that you are there
dead person or animal: Her body was found in the woods. a
to
like
noun
a noise
1
with writing on
long legs. ,3
someone, especially a performance
to shout "boo" at
boo
He
fingers.
that you did not
87
verb (bobbing, bobbed)
quickly
1
boniest)
door with a
bolt
away suddenly: The horse bolted and rider to the ground.
a loud, deep sound
—see color
picture on
•Hit]
boot /but/ noun a shoe that covers your foot and
—see
lower part of your leg
them, knowing that you
sometimes the
them
page 190
booth /buG/ noun a small place
boss
border /'bordaV noun 1
dividing line
bore 1
1
He bored me
all
make
deep round hole in a hard surface: This machine can bore through solid rock. to
bore
2
2
noun
[plural bosses) charge and tells other peo-
is in
to do
verb to
tell
a
telling
that
annoying:
is
My
in
way
a
botany /'bat n n-i/ noun [U]
noun
bore
both /bouO/
3
the PAST TENSE of the verb bear
used to talk about two people or things togethHold the dish with both hands. We both
bored /bord/ adjective
er:
and uninterested: She was getting bored with her job. compare FED UP
like
boring /'bonrj/ adjective
1
feeling tired
»
not interesting;
dull:
didn't finish
It
it.
was such a boring book compare INTERESTING
»
NOTE: Do not confuse the adjectives boring and bored. If something is boring, it is not interesting, e.g.
a boring class. Bored
is
used to describe the way you feel when something is boring: The kids were bored with the game and did not want to play any more.
1
/'bads-/ verb
to interrupt
someone and annoy him
Don't bother your father
now
or her:
— he's very busy.
to worry someone: / always know when something is bothering him.
2
make the effort to do something: He even bother to say "Thank you". I'll never get the job, so why bother? 3
to
didn't
\
bother 2
noun
something that annoys or upsets you
bottle
1
/'batl/
noun
round glass or plastic container, with a narrow top compare JAR see picture at CONTAINER
adjective
be born to come out of your mother's body or an egg: / was born in Canada in 1976.
tall
bottle 2
»
—
verb
to put a liquid into a bottle: This
borne /born/
bottle the milk.
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb bear
borrow /'barou,
|
dancing.
bother
a
born /born/
bossiest)
older sister's really bossy.
the scientific study of plants
I
to
brother's always
other people what to do
always
an uninteresting person or thing
that
someone what
My
do in an annoying way: bossing me about.
bossy /'bosi/ adjective (bossier,
evening with his vacation photos.
2
who
boss someone around
uninterested, espe-
by talking too much:
cially
boss
/bor/ verb [boring, bored] feel
/bos/
what work
ple
between two countries
make someone
to
1
a person
an edge: white plates with a blue border
2 the
back to
it
later.
where one person can do some-
a phone booth
thing:
give
will
The verb lend often has two objects (to lend sth to sb) but borrow just has one (to borrow sth): Will you lend me some money? Can I borrow some money?
color picture on
\
is
where they
bottled water
bottom /'batam/ noun
'borou/ verb
something which belongs to someone else for a short time and then give it back to him or her: Can I borrow your bicycle? compare LEND
to use
»
NOTE: Compare the verbs borrow and lend. If you lend something to a person, you let them use it for a while. If you borrow something from someone, you take it from
1 the lowest part of something: Look at the compare TOP bottom of the page. 2 the flat surface on the lowest side of something: The price is on the bottom of the box.
»
lowest position in a class, company He's always at the bottom of the class.
3 the
4
the part of your body that you
sit
on:
etc.:
He
fell
on his bottom.
bought /bot/ the PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb
buy
bracelet
boulder /'bouldaV
bow
noun
a large rock
bounce /bauns/ verb (bouncing,
bounced] 1 to throw some-
some-
thing against
thing else, so that hits
and
it
He
back:
is
it
comes bounc-
ing the ball against
the
—see color
wall.
page
on
picture
bow
189 2
to
move up and down because you are jump-
ing or walking
on something: Stop bouncing on
the bed! 1
/baund/ adjective 1 be bound to do something to be certain to do something: She is so smart, she's bound to be a success. 2 tied up and not able to move: He was bound
hand and
bound jump
foot with a rope. 2
deep round dish or container: Fill the bowl I ate a bowl of ice cream.
3
a
1
noun
\
/baks/
container with four straight sides,
made
|
cookies. 2
verb
someone as
a sport while wearing big
leather pads on your hands
boxer /'baksaV noun someone who boxes as
jump
usually
hard paper or wood: / need three boxes for these books. Mom bought a box of of
to fight
quickly
bound
box
box
verb
and with a lot of energy: The children came bounding down the stairs.
a big
a
with water.
bound
to
bowl /boul/ noun
boxing
a sport or job
/'baksinV noun [U]
bound 4
the sport of fighting while wearing big leather
the PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb
pads on your hands
bind
box office
boundary /'baundari, -dri/ noun [plural
offices]
boundaries]
a place
the
that divides two places:
line
marks the boundary of the BORDER
A
white
line
» compare
field.
in
a theater
bow
male
child
the king.
relationship:
2
noun
He went
to a
/'boifrend/ noun
with
whom Chris
Is
you have a romantic
your
boyfriend?
Boy Scouts /'boi,skauts/ plural noun
3
/bou/ noun
practical skills
a long thin piece of
a long thin piece of
fastened
wood
held
in
along
it,
wood
a curve by
ARROW
with tight strings
used for playing
musical
instruments a knot of cloth or string:
her
tickets
an organization for boys that teaches them
a tight string, used for shooting an
in
man
» compare GIRLFRIEND
an act of bowing
3
box
where you can buy
or a young man:
boy-f riend a boy or
2
[plural
/bau/ verb
bend your head or the top part of your body forward to show respect: Everyone bowed to
1
noun
boy /boi/ noun a
to
bow
,../
school for boys.
1
bow
/'.
hair.
— Boy Scout noun
bra /bra/ noun a piece of clothing that a
bracelet:
She
tied a
red
bow
woman wears
under
her clothes to support her breasts /'breislit/ noun band or chain that you wear as a decoration around your wrist see picture at JEWELRY
a
—
braces
braces /'breisiz/ plural noun some children have on make them straight
wires which to
brag /braeg/
their teeth
verb (bragging, bragged]
to talk too proudly about
what you have done, or
He
what you own etc.: about his new car.
is
always bragging
» compare BOAST
braid 1
/breid/ verb
to twist together three or
more pieces
of hair,
rope, etc.
braid 2
noun
three or
more
together
into
braids.
—see
brain
lengths of hair that are twisted
one piece: She wore her hair
in
picture at HAIRSTYLE
bread /bred/ noun
/brem/ noun
the part inside your head that controls think, feel,
brake
how you
baking
and move
[U]
made by mixing flour and water and then Do we need any bread from the
a food
it:
store? 1
/breik/ noun
the part of a bicycle, car etc. that you use to
breadth /bredG, bretO/ noun
slow or stop
the distance from one side of something to the
brake to
make
it
other: The ship 2
verb (braking, braked]
measured 50
[U]
feet in breadth.
break /breik/ verb [past tense broke, past participle broken] 1 to separate into two or more pieces, especially by hitting or dropping something: The plate fell on the floor and broke. She broke her 1
a bicycle, car etc. slow or stop using
the brake: The driver braked quickly to avoid an accident.
branch /braentJV noun
\
1
a part of a tree that grows out from the mid-
leg in the accident.
dle
2
2 one part of something larger such as a business: The bank has branches in Canada and
work:
the U.S.
3 break down
to
brand /braend/ noun
large machines:
My car broke down
a type of product
made
by one company:
What
damage something so that it does not Be careful with the radio or you will break
it!
using /
adjective
completely new; never used before:
force,
Someone broke
He won a
stop working,
5 break the law
[U]
by mixing COPPER and ZINC
brave /breiv/ adjective in
the battle.
The soldiers
» compare FEAR-
LESS
bravery /'breivari/ noun [U] willingness to do ing afraid: ery.
dangerous things without
Jack feel-
The fireman was praised for his brav-
» compare COURAGE
to do
something that the law
to do something faster or has ever been done before: She broke the world record in the 100 meters. 7 break out if something bad such as a fire or war breaks out, it begins to happen: The fire broke out at two o'clock in the morning. 8 break a promise to not do something that you promised to do 9 break up (with someone) to end a relationship with a boy or girl friend: Sally broke up with
better than
a very hard yellow metal which shines brightly,
were very brave
something:
6 break a record
made from wine
not afraid or not showing fear:
steal
the window to get inside the building)
says you must not do
made
to
through the window. (=broke
in
brandy /'braendi/ noun [U] brass /braes/ noun
to get inside a place
into
usually
brand-new car!
a strong alcoholic drink
used about on the way
to work.
4 break in/break
brand of soap do you use?
brand-new /,braen'nu
or upset adjective
sad or upset
feel
distribute
/di'stribyat/ verb
(distributing, distributed)
send something to different people or
places: They are distributing food to the people.
—distribution
noun
[U]
district /'distnkt/
*.•
.4*5..
[U]
distressing /di'strcsig/
to give or
dissolve
noun
verb
make someone sad
making you
were very
/di'stres/
distress 2
dispute /di'spyut/ noun
dis satisf ied
1
a feeling of sadness, pain, or worry
noun
a part of a county, city etc.
disturb /di'st^b/ 1
verb
someone
to interrupt
by making a noise, ask-
Please don't disturb
me
2 to make someone feel worried or upset: were very disturbed by the news.
We
a question etc.:
ing
while I'm working.
dissolve /di'zalv/
verb (dissolving,
dissolved]
disturbance /di'st^bans/ noun
to mix completely with a
liquid:
Sugar dissolves
in water.
distance /'distans/ noun amount
1 something that interrupts you and stops you from working: / can't think with all these distur-
bances.
2
space between two places: What's the distance between Boston and New
trouble:
York?
street.
1
2 in
the
in
of
the distance far away: That
my
is
house
the distance.
She traveled
1
tinct
/di'stirjkt/ adjective
separate:
different;
languages
in
There are several
distinctly go
/
dis-
noun
dive /daiv/
verb
(diving, dived
[plural ditches)
or
dove] to
the country.
2 easy to see, hear, or understand; apple has a distinct taste.
very clearly:
/ditJV
clear: This
jump
distinctly
arms going
adverb
remember
into
water
your head and
with
He /di'stinkfli/
at the side of a road or field
cially
to a distant country.
(
distinct
ditch
a long narrow place for water to go along, espe-
distant /'distant/ adjective far away:
in which people fight or cause There has been a disturbance in the
a situation
dived
in
first:
into
the
pool.
telling
you to
to the store.
diver /'daivaV noun
distinguish 1
/di'stingwiJV verb
to see the difference
You are old enough good and bad. 2 to be able to see,
even
if
it
is difficult:
It
to
a person
between two distinguish
things:
between
divide something
hear, or taste
was
dark, but
I
could just
who swims
under water and wears special equipment to help him or her breathe
1
/da'vaid/ verb (dividing, divided)
to separate into pieces or parts: The class
divided into groups.
distinguish their faces.
2
distinguished
/di'stirjgwijt/ adjective
famous and respected by many people: Her mother is a distinguished scientist.
to
share something:
We
divided
up the
money between us. 3 to find how many times a number will go a bigger number: 10 divided by 5 is 2.
into
divine di-vine
/da'vain/ adjective
from a god, or
like
4 do away
a god
diving board
/'..,./
something:
the water
/dd'vi^nf noun
1 [U] the process of finding how many times a number will go into a bigger number 2 a part of something: Which division of the company do you work for?
divorce
to get rid of
people want to do away
with the program.
noun
a board that you stand on before jumping into
division
with something
Some
5 could do with to want or need something: / could do with some sleep.
6 have to do with something to be about or concerning someone or something: The book has to do with studying the stars. 7 How do you do? said as a polite greeting when you meet someone for the first time
to arrange by law for a marriage to end: They
8 What do you do? What is your job? 9 do something over to do something again, especially because you did it wrong
are getting divorced.
the
1
/da'vors/ verb (divorcing,
divorced]
divorce
2
time:
first
If
there are mistakes, the
teacher makes you do
noun
the ending of a marriage according to the law
it
over.
10 do without (something)
to
live
tinue without a particular thing:
dizzy /'dizi/
adjective (dizzier, dizziest)
as if you are going to fall and as if things are moving when they are not: / feel dizzy when I look out of a high window.
feeling
J
/'di
1 /da; strong du/ verb present tense
singular
We do You do They do
do
He/She/It does
plural
We
did
He/She/It did
You did They did
present participle
doing
past participle
done
negative short
don't, doesn't
You did
forms
do
didn't
(You can find each of these
place
in
words
2 do
well
to be a success:
\
He has done
well in school this year.
3 do someone good to make someone better or more healthy: Some exercise
feel will
do you good.
what some-
you to do
2
noise, or
verb
used with NOT before another verb to say that something is not so: / do not He doesn't (=does not) agree with you. have a car. 1
2 used to
|
tells
\
in its
the dictionary]
perform an action or job: / have to do some work. What are you doing? Have you done your homework? 1
to do
told
make a cake, to when you are talking about plans or decisions: to make a plan, to make a choice, to make an appointment. make a
did
do without.
causing a result, e.g. to
past tense singular
to
NOTE: Compare the verbs do and make. Use do when you are talking about an action or activity, e.g. to do some work, to do the grocery shopping. Use make when you are talking about producing something or
plural
You do
own
we had
you do with ... said when asking where someone has put something: What did you do with my socks? did
one, especially a parent,
do
I
for shoes,
What
11
12 do as you are
d3ei/ noun
a DISK JOCKEY
I
money
or con-
With no
tion:
with another verb, to ask a ques-
Do you
dancing? Did you
like
find the
answer?
3 used
with not, to
something:
Do not
tell
someone not
to do
lean out of the window.
\
Don't (=do not) do that!
4 used
to
make
verb stronger:
you?
the meaning of another You do believe me, don't
doorknob dock
1
/dak/ noun where a boat or ship can stop and peo-
a place
can go on and
ple
dock to
2
off
whose
job
is
official
a
it
information
dodge /dad3/
verb (dodging, dodged]
quickly to
one side to avoid some-
dodge the question. (=not answer
does /daz,
z, s;
it:
it]
is
used with he, she
1
to a person or organization that
2
adjective
The work
is
almost done.
don-key /'darjki,
'dAn,-, 'dor)-/
[plural
an animal
a small horse with long ears
like
someone who
gives something:
don't
an animal with four legs and a tail, that is often kept as a pet and used for protecting buildings
do-nut a
doll
door /dor/ noun
money used
'the
like
school.
noun
dollar /'dateV
a small person
noun in
the U.S. and
some
other
dolphin
in
1
in
\
Don't touch that!
piece of
wood
or metal that you push
1
the
flat
or
pull
to go into a room: Please
for
open the door
me.
one country and not
to a building or room: You go door and turn to the left.
this
/
He
lives
sold candy door to door. in
the building or
next door to
room next
my parents.
6 at the door waiting at the door for someone open it: Is someone at the door?
involving other
coun-
door-bell
/'dorbel/
noun
a button by a door that you push to
the
home
or about the
home
dominate /'dama.neit/ verb (dominating, dominated] to have
power and control over someone or
something
to
(=in
to
k/ adjective
tries
2
to go.
the house next to theirs]
domestic 1
want
DOUGHNUT
a place:
on a room or building
1
a
in
/'dounAt/ noun
5 next door to
round curved roof
mc s
/
ing to another:
dome /doum/ noun
'
a blood
3 answer the door to open the door to see who is there 4 door to door going from one house or build-
noun
a long pointed nose
/d9
not:
through /'dalfm,
a gray sea animal with
a
is
2 the entrance
countries
'dol-/
She
hospital]
dog /dog/ noun
like
noun
donkeys]
/dount/
a toy that looks
donation today.
/dAn/
don't
/dal/
make a
Please
do
She doesn't
not:
donate money to
to
donor. (=she gives her blood to be used
Does she have a job?
doesn't /'dAzant/ does
want
donor /'dounaV noun
strong dAz/ verb
the part of the verb do that
and
We
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb do
done
to avoid doing something that you should do: tried to
help:
finished:
thing
He
made
done
and facts about
movie giving something
gift
needs
-'menteri/ noun [plural documentaries] a
2
that needs help:
donation /dou'neijsn/ noun
information on
documentary /.dakys'mcntri,
move
on them
the hospital.
document /'dakyamant/ noun
to
wood
pieces of
flat
of spots
to give something to a person or organization
to take care of people
sick
a piece of paper with
1
numbers
(donating, donated]
doctor /'daktaV noun who are
played with small
donate /'douneit, dou'neit/ verb used about a ship
into a dock,
a person
game
with different
verb
come
dominoes /'dama.nouz/ plural noun a
sound so that someone
inside
make
a
knows you are
there
door-knob /'dornab/ noun a handle on a door that you turn to open
it
doormat
doormat /'dormaet/ noun
doubt-less /'daut n hs/
a thick piece of material outside a
shoes on
to clean your
a step
2 on your doorstep
a soft mixture of
very near to where you
doorway /'dorwei/ noun [plural
water, and fat that
flour,
cooked to make bread, cookies
an opening where there
is
He stood
a door:
dove
dorm
noun
where students
dove 2
/dauv/
dive
down
DORM
1
an amount of a medicine that you take at one The dose is two spoonfuls every four
time:
hours.
1
On the map, towns were
dot.
work
2 to down
/'//
pay you double
if
you
fin-
quickly.
two people: Our room has a double bed. —see picture at BED
3 having two parts
that are the same:
went through the double doors very
into the
quickly:
We
room.
need that
/
number: Our sales are
a lower level or this year.
» opposite UP
written on paper:
4
Write this down so you
along or toward the far end of something:
walked down the beach.
in
We
or toward the south:
drove down to
Texas.
down 1
sad:
2
adjective
Why
are you so down?
2 not working still
The computers are
properly:
down.
downhill
/,daun'hil/ adjective, adverb
report on the double!
toward the bottom
double 2
downhill.
verb (doubling, doubled]
of
a
hill:
The
ball rolled
» opposite UPHILL
to become twice as big or twice as much: The value of our house has almost doubled.
down-stairs
to make something twice as big or twice as much as before: My new job will double my pay
on or toward a lower part
doubt
down-town /,daun'taun/ adverb
1
2
/daut/ verb
something may not be true or may not happen: / doubt that she will pass the test.
to think that
doubt
2
noun
the feeling of not being sure about some-
thing:
best
/
have doubts about whether he
man
is
the
for the job.
2 no doubt almost
certainly:
He
is
no doubt
room
likely:
It's
/'daurfal/ adjective
doubtful whether she'll succeed.
,daun'sterz/ adjective,
in
is
downstairs.
of a
house: The bath-
» opposite UPSTAIRS
or to the center of a town or
many do some
there are
businesses:
town
shopping.
to
We
city, where went down-
down-ward /'daunwa^d/ adverb from a higher place or
level
to a lower
one
» opposite UPWARD doze /douz/ 1
not
/
adverb
guilty.
doubtful
\
UP
don't forget.
5
for
4 on the double
/daun/ adverb, preposition
—
We
/'dAbal/ adjective, adverb
twice as much:
1
or to a lower place: Sit down, please.
The children ran down the hill. see color picture on page 1 94
3
dot /dot/ noun a small round mark:
marked by a red
in
» opposite
dose /dous/ noun
1
of
a PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb
dormitory /'dorma.tori/ noun [plural
2 made
often used as a sign
live
dormitories]
ish the
/dAv/ noun
a small white bird,
peace
a large building
double
1
in
the doorway.
1
is
etc.
a small round sweet cake
doorways]
1
doubtless try
dough-nut /'dounAt/ noun
live
a
will
change her mind.
dough /dou/ noun [U]
noun
front of the door of a house
in
adverb
He
certainly; without a doubt:
to
door-step /'dorstep/ 1
door for you
verb (dozing, dozed]
to sleep for a short time
2 doze
go to sleep when you do not dozed off in front of the television.
off to
intend to:
/
dress 6 draw up
dozen /'dAzan/ noun twelve:
1
2 dozens
very many: There were dozens of
air
word "doctor" when
of writing the
you are writing someone's
draft
/
felt
a cold draft under
2 verb (dragging, dragged)
noun
that
wings
and
breathe out
drain
a picture you
dream
1
in
make
with a pen or pencil:
She
a drawing of her mother.
1
draw
/drim/ verb (dreaming, past
dreamed or dreamt /dremt/)
has can
to
1 /
fire
/drem/
while
you
are
asleep:
last night.
to think about something nice that you
to
noun
imagine things
dreamed about you
2 1
me
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb
animal
fierce
of pictures with a pencil or
drawn /dron/
drag-on
stories
in
Are you good at drawing?
showed
to pull something heavy along behind you
making
[U] the
1
pen:
drag /draeg/
which can be pulled out or pushed
in,
drawing /'dro-irj/ noun
the door.
a
it.
a part of a piece of furniture, used for keeping
things
name
noun
/draeft/
blowing into a room:
/'draeg an/
sign
or close the cur-
drawer /dror/ noun
Qr /'daktaV way
will
window
tains on a
people there.
the short
prepare a written document:
to
Draw up an agreement, and 7 draw the curtains to open I
need a dozen eggs.
/
He dreamed
do:
becoming
of
rich
want and
famous.
something such as a bathtub, connected to a pipe that takes dirty water away
dream
drain
something that you imagine while you are asleep: / had a strange dream last night.
a hole
in
2
verb
to flow away, or to
make water
water drained away
drama /'drams, 1
flow away: The
slowly.
'draema/ noun [U]
/
like
the
drama
of a big game.
He
told
a
dramatic
story.
—dramatically adverb
very
dull,
and making you
and dreary
/
draw /dro/ verb [past tense drew,
feel sad:
It
was a long
day.
make someone or something completely was drenched in the storm.
dress
past
drawn)
make
dreariest)
to
the PAST TENSE of the verb drink
to
dream
drench /drentJV verb
drank /draerjk/
participle
to do:
dreary /'dnri/ adjective (drearier,
sudden and noticeable: There was a dramatic change in the temperature. 1
exciting:
2 something nice that you have wanted It is her dream to visit Australia.
a PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb
dramatic /dra'maetik/ adjective
1
noun
dreamt /drcmt/
acting and plays: She's studying drama.
2 excitement:
2
2
1
/
like
drawing. Can you draw a dog? 2 to take something from its place: He drew a gun from his bag. 3 draw back to move away from someone or \
/dres/ verb
someone or on yourself: She got up, dressed quickly, and went to work. 2 to wear a particular type of clothes: Dress warmly - it is cold outside! 3 be dressed to be wearing clothes: They arrived before I was dressed. 1
a picture using a pencil or pen:
1
wet:
to put clothes on
something
4 get dressed
4 draw
and get dressed. 5 dress up (a) to put on
special clothes for an
important occasion
wear
is
5
a conclusion to decide that something
true or false after thinking about
it
to attract or interest people: The movie is
drawing big crowds.
shoes
to put on clothes:
(b) to
etc. for fun or
as a
Hurry up
special clothes,
game
dress
2
drink 2
noun
noun
dresses] a piece of clothing covering the body and legs of a woman or girl: Do you like my new dress? —see color picture on page
a liquid that you can swallow:
190
drip
2
(dripping, dripped)
[plural
1
[U] clothes of a particular type or for a par-
ticular purpose:
You must wear formal dress to
the party.
dresser
Can have a I
drink
of water?
1
/drip/ verb
to
faucet
small
in
fall
Sweat was
drops:
from
dripping
his
face.
2
produce small
to
drops pipe
of liquid: Is the
dripping?
still
drive
1
/draiv/
verb (driving, drove /dreuv/, past participle driven)
make
to
move
a vehicle
want: Can you drive?
I
\
in the direction you drove to town yester-
day.
drive 2
dresser /'dress-/ noun a piece of furniture with
a trip
drawers
in
which you
keep clothes
dressing /'dresirj/ noun made
a liquid
with
person whose job
is
to
It is
a short drive to the
make
driv-er
clothes for
/'draivaV noun
who
a person
drives,
sometimes as
driver's license
women
an
drew /dm/
allowed to drive a car
the PAST TENSE of the verb
city.
/'drivgn/
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb drive
dressmaker /'dres,meik^/ noun a
driven
[U]
that you pour over food
oil
noun
a car:
in
piece of paper that
official
drive-through/
draw
/'..,../
1 .
J
a job
noun
shows you are
adjective
able to be used without getting out of your car:
dried
/draid/
We
the PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb
dry
got our food at the drive-through window.
driveway /'draivwei/ noun [plural driveways)
drift
/drift/ verb
a short road that leads to one house only: The
move slowly on water or through the saw a boat drifting down the river.
to /
air:
drill 1 /dnl/ verb to
make
a hole
in
to
something with a drill: the wall to put up the shelf.
a hole
in
/
drilled
drill 2 noun a
machine
for
making holes
/drirjk/ verb (drinking,
/draerjk/,
past participle drunk)
too
2
drank
much
like
mouth and swallow it: something to drink? He drinks
in
the driveway.
drop to
1
fall
/drap/ verb (dropping, dropped) or
let
something
fall:
— see color picture on
She dropped the
page
1
89
2 to go down in level or amount: The price of gas is dropping. 3 drop in on someone to visit someone when he or she
is
not expecting you
\
coffee.
to drink alcohol,
parked
hang or bend down: The flowers are starting
plate.
to pour liquid into your
Would you
is
to droop.
1
drink 1 1
car
droop /drup/ verb
drop especially too
should never drink and
drive.
much: You
a small
down
2
noun
amount
the window.
of liquid:
Drops of
rain ran
drought /draut/ noun a time
when no
rain falls
dry 2
and the land becomes
1
to
verb (drying, past dried)
become
very dry
side.
drove /drouv/
2 dry out
3 dry up
the PAST TENSE of the verb drive
to dry completely
to have no water
dry cleaners/,.
drown /draun/ verb to die under water
The clothes dried quickly out-
dry:
because you cannot breathe
'..,
a place that cleans clothes
in
'.
in
it
,../
noun
a special
way
out using water
drowsy /'drauzi/ adjective (drowsier,
with-
.
.
drowsiest] tired
me
and wanting to sleep: The medicine
made
feel drowsy.
drug /drAg/ noun something that people take to change the feel or behave. Many drugs are not allowed: Do you think he is on drugs? 1
way they 2
a medicine
duck
drug-store /'drAgstor/ a store
noun
where you can buy medicines and some
duck
1
/dAk/ noun
a bird that
small things for the house
duckling
swims on water and
is
used for
its
eggs, meat, and feathers
drum
duck
2
verb
to suddenly
move your head
you are not
hit
or body
down so some-
by something or seen by
one
duck-ling
/'dAklirj/
noun
a young duck
due /du/ adjective be due to be expected to happen or arrive at flight is due at 5 o'clock. When is the baby due? (=expected to be born]
1
drum 1
1
/drAm/ noun
a particular time: The
\
a musical instrument
made
of a
*box with a skin stretched over to
make
2
a large metal container for
drum
it
round hollow which you hit
a sound
2
verb (drumming,
gas
oil,
etc.
drummed)
to hit the surface of something again and again
drunk
1
/drAnk/ adjective
having had too trol
much
your behavior:
drunk
/
2 needing to be paid: The rent is due at the end of the month. 3 owed to someone, or deserved by someone: She never gets the credit she is due.
4 due 5
alcohol so you do not con-
think he's drunk!
to because
of:
His success
is
due
to
hard work. in
due course
at a
more
suitable time
in
the
future
duet /du'et/ noun
2
a song or piece of music for two people
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb drink
dug /dAg/
drunken /'drAnksn/ adjective
the PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb
caused by too much alcohol
dig
dry 1
1
having no water
coat
will
rain:
or on
in
keep you dry
2 without any mer.
dull
/drai/ adjective (drier, driest)
It
» opposite WET
in
the
it;
not wet:
This
rain.
1
/dAl/ adjective
not bright or
2 not
has been a very dry sum-
party!
1
3 not
light:
interesting
It
or
sharp: This knife
was a
dull,
exciting:
is
too
cloudy day.
What
dull.
a
dull
dumb dumb Id Ami adjective was a dumb
stupid: That
dump to
1
dustpan /'dAStpaen/ noun a
thing to say.
drop or put something somewhere:
dumped our bags on
dump a place
2
the
We
hill
of
dusty /'dASti/ adjective [dustier, covered
floor.
in
dustiest]
dust
duty /'duti/ noun [plural duties)
noun
where waste can be taken and
something you must do because it is right or job: You have a duty to look after your family. 1
left
part of your
dune /dun/ noun a
container for taking away the dust after
flat
you sweep the floor
/d.Amp/ verb
sand
2
dungeon /'dAnd33n/ noun
off duty not working, or not at your nurses are off duty.
a dark PRISON under a castle
3 on duty
during /'dunn/ preposition
dwarf /dworf/ noun [plural dwarves
1
all
the time that something
is
happening:
They swim every day during the summer.
some time while something pening: He died during the night. 2
at
else
is
the time
in
the evening
1
just
her hair
dye 2
a liquid or
/dASt/ noun [U]
dust 2 table.
like
a dry
powder
She dyed
noun
powder that
is
used to change the
color of something
dynamite /'dama.mait/ noun [U]
verb
from something: She dusted the
smaller
black.
dust; 1
to clean dust
much
/dai/ verb (dyeing, dyed)
gone down
very small pieces of dirt
is
than usual
to give a different color to something:
when the sun has
or
dwarfs]
dye
dusk /dAsk/ noun [U]
The
working, or at your job
a person, plant, or animal that
hap-
job:
a substance used to
make
explosions
eaten 2 the substance on the ground in which can grow; dirt: She planted the seeds wet earth.
earth-quake /'a^kweik/ sudden shaking
a strong and
ease /it J/
Each child has an exercise The tickets are $10 each. 2 each other used for showing that each of two people do something to the other person: Karen and Mark kissed each other. 1 every single one:
book.
/'iga7 adjective
having a strong desire to do something:
was eager
-gle
The
show me her photographs.
to
—eagerly adverb
the ground
you to
mountain
ease.
ease 2
verb (easing, eased)
make something
to
1
The medicine
better:
eased the pain. 2 to move very slowly and with care: eased herself out of bed.
/'izsl/ noun frame to hold a picture that is being painted see color picture on page 1 85
—
easily /'izali/ adverb
ani-
without
difficulty:
/
can
easily
be there by tomor-
row.
ear /ir/
east:
1
the direction from which the sun
noun one of the parts of your body with which you hear see picture at HEAD 1 2 the part of a plant where the seed an ear of corn.
pare is:
/
ate
a
return to (earlier,
before the usual or expected time: The plane
landed ten minutes
2 near the It
often rains
you get up early?
earn
Izt-nl
early.
beginning of the day or a period of the early morning.
in
»
2
Do
do:
She earns a
You've earned a /'inrj/
good
rest.
noun wear on your ear
a piece of jewelry you picture at
—see
JEWELRY
earth Iz&l noun [U] 1
the world
in
Easter
egg/'.. ../noun is
a
game
April
when
death and
his
life
an egg that
colored for Easter, and hidden as
for children
eastern /'ista-n/ adjective in
or from the east
which
around the sun once a on page 192
we
live:
year.
easy not
to get something that you deserve by work-
•ring
March or Christ's
toward the east
verb
money for work you of money on her job.
ing hard:
in
remember
east-ward /'istwad/ adverb
compare LATE
to get lot
\
Sunday
special
a pain inside your ear
earliest)
in
» com-
WEST
Christians
adverb
comes up
Easter /'istaV noun
earache /'ireik/ noun /'a4i/ adjective,
noun, adjective, adverb
/ist/
the morning: Our house faces east.
—
ear-ly
She
easel
areas
and eats small mals
time:
He
do:
passed the test with ease. 2 at ease feeling comfortable and sure of yourself: He was very friendly and made her feel at
a
noun
/'igal/
a large bird that lives in
noun
of
for
the
|
•ger girl
/iz/ noun [U] ease very easy
with
1
;h
1
plants in
The Earth goes
—see color picture
/'izi/
adjective (easier, easiest)
done with no easy to read.
difficult;
that
is
HARD
1
eat
/it/
trouble:
»
/
need a book
opposite DIFFICULT,
verb [past tense ate, past participle
eaten] 1 to put food into your mouth and swallow Have you eaten breakfast yet? 2 to have a meal: What time do you eat?
eaten
/'it
n
n/
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb eat
it:
echo
1
eel Ml noun
/'ekou/ verb
sound echoes, you hear echoed in the empty room.
if
a
echo
2
noun
[plural
it
again:
Our voices
a long fish that looks
effect
echoes]
/I'fekt/
on your
effect
eclipse
ef fective
A'klips/ noun
when you cannot see the sun moon because it is blocked by the moon Earth — see color picture on page 1 92 a short time
economic /.eka'namik,
,i-/
getting the result you want: These effective
and business: The country's economic problems can be solved. adjec-
We
cheap:
money
etc.
without wasting any;
want an economical way
to
produce
energy.
a very
are an
/I'fijant/ adjective
well, quickly,
and without waste: She
is
efficient worker.
ef-fort
/'ef>t/
noun
the physical or mental energy needed to do effort,
he pushed open
the door.
EFL
/,i
ef
'el/
noun
[U]
English as a Foreign Language; English classes
economy /I'kanami/ noun
[plural
economies) the system by which a country's industry and money is organized: The new tax laws will help the economy.
edge /ed3/ noun 1
eff i-cient working
pills
cure for a headache.
something: With great
tive
using time,
is
» compare AFFECT
A'fektiv/ adjective
or
relating to industry
,i-/
much candy can have a bad
health.
or
adjective
economical /.eks'namikal,
a snake
noun
a result: Eating too
a sound that you hear again
like
for people
who
live
in
a country
where most
people do not speak English
e.g.
/,i
a short
'd3i/
way
You can try
of writing or saying "for example":
many
sailing, tennis,
different sports here,
e.g.
and swimming.
the outside end of something; the part which The edge of the
farthest from the center:
plate
is
painted red.
2 the sharp cutting part of a knife or 3 on edge nervous and worried
tool
edition a book or lar
/I'dijan/ noun newspaper brought out
at a particu-
time
editor a person
/'edataV
noun
who prepares books
or newspapers
for printing
a round object with a hard shell that contains a
educate /'ed39,keit/ verb (educating, educated) to teach someone, especially in a school or a college: Every child deserves the chance to be educated.
baby bird, snake, fish, or insect; eggs are often used as food: We had eggs for breakfast, —see picture at NEST
egg-plant
/'egplaent/
noun
a large vegetable with a dark purple skin
educated /'ed39,keited/ adjective knowing a
egg /eg/ noun
lot of
information after studying and
eight the
/eit/ adjective,
noun
number 8
learning
education /,ed39'keij9n/ noun teaching and learning:
It
is
important to get a
eight-een the
good education.
eighth
educational /,ed33'keij9n3l/
8th
1
relating to teaching or learning
2
helping you to learn:
He has a new educa-
the
/
adjective,
/eitO/ adjective,
eighty /'eiti/
adjective
tional toy.
/,ei'tin
n/ noun
her.
f er-ry
ferocious
/fa'roufas/ adjective
noun
/'feri/
feel in
your mind or body:
row area
fertile
2 a
or opinion about something: / have a she is not being honest with me. 3 hurt someone's feelings to upset someone
able to
feet
a substance put on
belief
feeling
/fit/
the plural of foot
2 on your feet
standing up:
I've
been on
my
on
is
all day.
3 put your fell
grow a
festival
lot of
plants very well: His farm
/'f^tl.aizaV
noun
to help crops
soil
/'festsval/
grow
noun
a set of special events of a particular type:
went 2 a time
music
to a
festival.
of public celebration, especially for a
religious event
/fel/
fellow1
fall
fetch
noun
/'felou/
man
it
dog fetched the
I
fete
adjective
you or from the
same
place as you:
He
likes
/fetJV verb
to go and get something and bring you: The
fellow 2 like
[plural ferries)
fertile land.
We
feet up to rest and relax
the PAST TENSE of the verb
a
in
/'f>tl/ adjective
fertilizer
1
feet
ferocious dog
water
of
You have to deal with your feelings of anger.
1
He had a
the back yard.
a boat that takes people or things across a nar-
noun
something that you
1
metal that covers the
a green plant that has no flowers
very fierce or violent:
/'filin/
of land
the part of a car that covers the wheels
5 feel like to want something: / feel like getting something to eat. 6 feel for someone to have sympathy for someone: She is very unhappy and I feel for
feeling
around a piece page 1 88
wall
—see color picture on 1
smooth.
noun
/fens/
wooden or metal
stick that
back with threw.
noun
/feit/
an event to celebrate something
his fellow students.
fever
felt
which causes an increase in how hot your body is: am sick and have a fever. an
/felt/
the PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb feel /,.
.
'J
noun
female
1
MALE
female
noun
girl
or
birth to
a
1
woman; an animal of the sex babies » compare MALE 2
feminine like
number
of:
We'll wait a
\
\
/'fimeil/ adjective
» compare a
a few a small
questions?
belonging to the sex that gives birth to babies
2
/fyu/
Can I ask you a few few more minutes. Few people 2 not many: He has few friends. compare MANY would agree with you. 3 quite a few a large number of: There were quite a few people at the party. 1
a thick colored pen
noun
/
few pen
felt tip
/'fivaV
illness
woman
that gives
woman
fiance a
» compare
a
is
fib
feminism
a
/'fema.nizam/ noun [U] the belief that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men
lie;
/fib/
to
noun marry a particular man
/,fian'sei, fi'ansei/
woman who
MASCULINE
noun marry a particular woman
/,fian'sei, fi'ansei/
man who
fiancee
/'femanin/ adjective
or typical of a
»
is
to
noun
not the truth: Are you telling a fib?
f i-ber /'faibaV noun a thin thread used for making cloth
f iction /'fikfan/ noun [U] books and stories about imaginary people and events —fictional adjective: They're just al
fiction-
a piece of ground used for a particular purpose: /
see a
of wheat.
field
|
Meet me
— see colour picture on
field.
fierce
at the football
page 188
/firs/ adjective
Some
dogs guarded the house.
f if •'teen
fifth
1
noun
noun
of five equal parts
a sweet fruit which
of small
seeds
— see
/fait/ verb (fighting, fought]
weapons, guns etc. to try to hurt or kill someone: He fought in the war. 2 to argue with someone: The kids are fighting 1
to use
again.
an act
argument: The two boys
of fighting;
had a fight. 2 a battle between two armies f igure /'figyaV noun
saw a
figure
tall
figure.
file 1
/fail/
1
\
(=her body
is
very attractive).
noun
a box or paper cover for keeping papers
organized
2 is
3
a collection of information
kept
in
in
a
computer that
a particular place
a tool with a rough edge that you use for
making things smooth file 2 verb (filing, filed) 1 to put papers into a file: Can you file these reports, please? 2 make something smooth using a special tool 3 to walk in a line of people, one behind the other: The children filed into the classroom. file a
tall,
cabinet narrow piece
/'.
,.../
make
enough
some-
of
Did you
full:
it
» compare
smooth surface
ing
fill
EMPTY 2
noun
/'fihrj/
is
put
in
a hole
in
your tooth
noun
/film/
the object you put
in
a
camera which makes
verb
to use a
was
camera
filmed
where you put important papers
drawers
The movie
a movie:
f il-ter 1 /'filtaV noun something that gas or liquid is put through to remove unwanted substances: a water filter
filter 2 to
verb
clean
a
liquid
2 if people move in that
or
gas using
a
FILTER:
water
filter
somewhere, they gradually
direction through a door, hall etc.:
The audience began to
filter into
3
somewhere, people The news slowly filtered
if
information
the
hall.
filters it:
through to everyone in the office. 4 if light or sound filters into a place, it can be seen or heard only slightly: Sunshine filtered through the curtains. f ilth-y
/'filOi/
adjective
very
dirty:
His clothes are
fin
/fin/
noun
(filthier, filthiest) filthy.
a thin body part on a fish that helps
—see picture at FISH
it
to
swim
1
f i-nal 1 /'faml/ adjective 1
coming at the end;
final
last:
Did you read the
part of the story?
2 not able to be changed: That and it is final!
is
my decision,
final 2 noun the last and most important
noun
of furniture with
make
to
Mexico.
in
gradually hear about
shape of a human body: near the door. She has a
a shape, especially the
great
to put
a container to
in
filtered drinking
fight noun
/
something up
fill
up the car with gas? 4 to put something in a hole or crack to make
1 2
1
3
film 2
picture at FRUIT
fight 1
the answers to
in
Fill
photographs 2 a movie
noun is full
to write information on an
these questions.
1
noun
/'fifti/ adjective,
/fig/
\
to preserve the tooth
number 50
fig
in
a substance that
/fifO/ adjective,
f if-ty
/
piece of paper:
film 1
2 one
the
something
fill
fill
5
5th
1
make something full: The room was filled
or
full,
the glass with water.
official
a
/,fif tinmli/ adverb a
as food
2
2 go
noun
ness; a small company: a law firm
him
ple eat
fish
a group of people
in
°
lives
in
need a firm bed to sleep on. 2 having strong control; not weak: The government kept firm control over the military. 3 a firm grip, a firm hold a tight strong hold 1
O
[plural fish or fishes)
special day
for catching fish
fist
/fist/
noun
a hand with the fingers closed tightly together:
He
hit
me
with his
fist.
fit 1
/fit/
verb
flap 2 noun
(fitting, fit)
shape
to be the right size or
1
something: The pants don't
someone or
for
him - they are
fit
too small.
2
someone
or something:
any more people in the car. 3 fit in to be accepted by other people in a group: The new students had a difficult time fitcan't
ting
in.
not
not
is
to get
fit
We saw
a flash of
lightning.
2 a
on a camera that you use when you it is dark a flash very quickly: We'll be there in a
light
in
flash.
verb
moment
to shine brightly for a
flash-light fit
to
very angry
in
your hand
/flaet/ adjective
smooth and level; without any raised places: The house has a flat roof. 2 not having enough air inside: We have a flat 1
/fiks/ verb
Can you
to repair something:
2
to prepare a meal or drinks:
fix /
my
bicycle?
will fix
dinner
tire.
flat 2 adverb
us tonight. to arrange something:
noun
—see picture at LAMP flat 1
noun
/faiv/ adjective,
/'flaejlait/
a small electric light that you carry
become
1
for
my shirt pock-
for people.
number 5
fix
/flaeJV noun sudden bright light:
a
flash 2 suitable for something: This
fit 3 noun have a fit, throw a and shout a lot
3
want
/
fit.
2 good enough, or
the
1
3
healthy and strong:
sick;
five
hangs down and cov-
tore the flap on
take a photograph where
physically
food
/
flash 1
fit
fit 2 adjective 1
ers an opening: et.
to find space to put
We
a piece of something that
in
We
have
fixed a
a straight position; not raised:
date flat
my back
on
/
have to
lie
to sleep.
for the meeting.
4
up to make a place look better by doing
fix
repairs, decorating
it
flat-ten to
etc.
/'flaet
n
n/ verb
make something
flat:
The heavy rain
flat-
tened the corn.
fizz
/fiz/
noun
[U]
the BUBBLES of gas
in
the sound they make:
has
lost its
flag
fizz.
/flaeg/
—
fizz
some
types of drink, or
The soda verb
—
in
the fridge
f latter
f lattery
noun
someone because you are
him or her
trying to please
fizzy adjective
verb
/'flaetaV
to say nice things to
/'flaeteri/
noun
[U]
someone because
a piece of cloth with
nice things that you say to
a special pattern on
you are trying to please him or her
it,
of
used as the sign country or a
f la-vor /'fleivaV noun a taste of a food or drink: They have
organization
flag-pole /'flaegpoul/
a
tall
flea
noun
/fleik/
flame 1
noun
/fli/
away
quickly; to
escape
/f lis/
noun
in
fleet in
flames.
a
/flit/
noun
ships or boats together:
lot of
A
fleet
of ships
sailed into the sea. /flaep/
verb (flapping, flapped]
move up and down: The
wings.
verb (fleeing, fled)
the wool of a sheep
flames burning: The house was
flap 1 to
flee to run
fleece /fleim/
a bright piece of burning gas that you see
in
noun
piece
a fire
2
/fli/
from animals and people
noun
a small thin piece of something that has broken off a larger
flavors
a very small jumping insect that drinks blood
pole at the top of which you put a
flake
39
of ice cream!
bird flapped its
flesh
/fie//
noun
[U]
the soft part of your body that covers your
bones
» compare
SKIN
flew
floor
/flu/
the PAST TENSE of the verb
flight 1
/flait/
New
York?
2 a
flight of stairs
When
is
the next
2 flight to
a set of stairs from one
all
We
lovely
on the third
live
floor-board
floor.
flight
attendant
a person
whose
job
is
/'.
.,../
(=above the ground]
/'fbrbord/ noun
wood used
a long, narrow piece of
another
level to
part of a
flat
The room has a
noun
a trip on a plane:
/fbr/ noun
room on which you walk: wooden floor. the rooms on the same level of a building:
the
1
fly
make
to
floors
noun
to take care of the pas-
floppy disk
/,..
noun
'J
sengers on a plane and give them food and
a piece of plastic that you can put into a
drinks
puter and on which information can be stored
» compare
HARD
throw or move something with force: She flung her arms around his neck.
florist
/'florist, 'flar-/
flip
flour
fling
verb
/flirj/
to
verb
/flip/
(flipping, flipped]
1
over or put
a
in
it
dif-
flourish
you
throw
the
f lip
it
per
/'flipaV
noun
a flat part on the body of
flirt
/fla-t/
to behave as
verb if
float
you are attracted to someone
He
a sexual way:
flirts
with
all
the
flock
» compare
/flak/
a great is
boat floats
f
lower
» compare
a place
The floods destroyed
many
verb
flooded the
fill
a place with water:
The
river
fields.
flood light
noun
— see picture at ROSE
color picture on page
1
/'fUdlait/ noun
a very bright light used at night to light the outside of buildings, or at sports events
2
88
f lower-bed /'flau^.bcd/ noun an area of earth with flowers growing
a container
in
flu
/flu/
in
it
/'flau^.pat/ noun
which you grow plants
/floun/ fly
noun
a disease
flu
is
and see
like
a bad cold but
more
seri-
ous
homes.
flood 2
slowly along: The river
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb
noun
usually dry:
/'flauaV
brightly colored
flown
SINK 1
/fUd/ noun amount of water that covers
to cover or
moves
the part of a plant which has the seeds and
the
flood that
A
1
1
it
flowerpot
a group of sheep, goats, or birds
HERD
in
women.
/flout/ verb
to stay on the surface of a liquid:
on water.
a liquid flows,
f low 2 noun [U] a smooth continuous movement: The flow of cars through the city never stops.
air
some sea animals which helps them to swim 2 a large flat plastic shoe that you wear to help you swim faster 1
the
in
/flou/ verb
flows by our hotel.
turns over
in
1
a coin
so that
making
for
'fUnJ/ verb The plant is flourishing
if
like
a store
/'fla-ij,
well:
some-
thing flat
noun in
sun.
flow
me?
switch for
2 to
warm
that
flip
grow
to
movement:
Can
flowers
sells
bread, cake etc.
ferent position with a
quick
who
DISK
/flauaV noun [U] powder made from wheat, used
fine
something
to turn
a person
com-
f
luent
/'fluant/ adjective
able to speak or write a language very well:
speaks fluent
English.
fluff
noun
/flAf/
[U]
soft light pieces that
ers etc. f lu-id 1 /'fluid/ noun a liquid
He
come
off
wool,
fur,
feath-
fluid 2
adjective
flush
f
move
able to flow or
like
a liquid
1
to clean a toilet by making water go
2
to
down
it
the face because you are
in
embarrassed or angry: His face flushed with anger. /flut/
noun
folk
/fouk/ adjective of the
lips
/'flAta-/
1
to
move or wave
air quickly:
/
saw the
flag
fluttering in the wind.
fly 1
verb
/flai/
[flying,
flew
/flu:/;
past
move through the
to
above the trees.
Rome. 2 to move
\
air:
flying
She
flew (=ran) out of the
house.
3
to be the pilot of a plane:
to
fly.
Kathy
is
learning
the
or go after
someone
room and
followed.
I
folks?
or something:
Follow me.
\
show you where she is. 2 to go in the same direction as 3
Birds were
met my
I
will
a road, river
Follow the road as far as the church.
etc.:
The plane flew from Paris to
quickly:
left
partici-
ple flown) 1
music.
/'falou/ verb
come
to
He
verb
the
in
like folk
/
/fouks/ plural noun
low
f ol
folded so you
ordinary people of a particular
country or area:
a pipe that you hold
like
and blow
across your
is
it
your parents or family: Have you
a musical instrument
f lutter
in
typical
folks
flute
/'fouldaV noun
can keep papers
/f\AJ/ verb
become red
older
a large piece of hard paper that
to go behind
where he or she
someone is
going:
to /
watch or
think
I
am
find
being
out fol-
lowed.
4
to happen immediately after something else: heard a shout followed by a loud crash. 5 to understand something: I'm sorry I don't /
follow you.
what someone tells you to do: Did you on the box? 7 follow in someone's footsteps to do some-
6
to do
follow the instructions
fly 2 noun
[plural flies]
a small flying insect
thing that
saucer
flying
/,..'../
some
a space vehicle which
lowed
noun
people think carries
someone
He folbecame a
else did before you:
in his father's
footsteps and
doctor.
low ing
creatures from another world
f ol
foal
the following day, week, year etc. the next day, week, year etc.: We leave on Friday and return
/foul/
noun
a very young horse
/'falouirj/ adjective
the following Monday.
foam
/foum/ noun [U] the white substance that you sometimes see on top of water
fog
/fag, fog/
noun
[U]
thick cloud close to the for you to
see through
ground that
is
difficult
fond
/fand/ adjective
be fond of to like someone or something: I'm very fond of you.
food
/fuaV
noun
[U]
things that you eat:
» compare MIST
He had no
food for two
days.
fog-gy
/'fagi, 'fogi/ adjective (foggier, foggiest)
not easy to see through because of FOG: very foggy morning.
fold 1 1
to
» compare
It's
a
MISTY
/fould/ verb
bend a piece
of
part covers another:
fold a
paper or cloth so that one She folded her shirts and
line
made of
in it
/ful/
noun
a stupid person
2 make a
fool 2
fool
paper or cloth when you bend
over another
in
» compare
IDIOT
of yourself to do
something
front of other people
verb
someone: He fooled me him money. 2 fool around (a) to behave in a silly way: Stop fooling around! (b) to do something you enjoy: Today I fooled around at the beach. 1
to trick or deceive
into giving
foolish
/'full// adjective
reasonable adverb
not
noun
one part
1
embarrassing
put them away. 2 fold your arms to bend your arms so they are resting across your chest 3 to make something smaller by bending or closing it: Fold up the ironing board when you are finished. 2
fool 1
or
wise;
stupid
—foolishly
forge foot:
10
in order to help someone: She did some work for her father. 11 used for showing who a feeling is about: I'm very happy for you.
for-bid
/fVbidV verb (forbidding,
forbade/f^'beid/, past participle forbidden)
someone they must not do something: you to go there again! » compare ALLOW, BAN
to
tell
/
forbid
1
force
1
/fors/ verb [forcing, forced]
make someone do something he or she does not want to do: Bad health forced me to 1
foot; 1
noun
/fut/
[plural feet /fi:t/)
quit
foot of the
3
We
waited at the
hill.
measure
a
something:
of
12
equal to
of length
inches:
Mike is six feet tall. 4 on foot walking: They made their way town on foot.
foot-ball /'fut n bol/ noun 1 [U] a game in which two teams or throw a
—
mark
left
this
in
foot-print the
carry, kick,
an area at the end of the points see color picture on
page184 2 a ball used
/'fut
,pnnt/ noun
saw a
/
cat's
1
/'futstep/
someone
noun heard
/
curtains for the bedroom.
2 meant
to be
3 showing how
foot-
|
someone \
I'm
or
making
She goes
to
used in this way: bread? far or
many years.
|
how /
long:
Do you have
foreign
— see
picture at
HEAD
1
/'farm, 'form/ adjective
cars.
foreigner a person
/'far3na\ 'for-/ noun
who comes from
a country that
is
not
She has
a
lived
waited for three hours.
place:
a
/
was
leaving for church
when you called. 5 at a price of: She bought the dress for $50. 6 with the meaning of: What is the word for "tree" in Korean? 7 in favor of someone or something; agreeing with: The government is for the plan. 8 by or at a particular time: We'll be home for
foreman
/'formon/ noun [plural foremen]
man who
the leader of a group of workers
a
forest
/fa'rev3\ fo-/ adverb
time
all
in
the future:
/
will
—see
love you
forever.
forgave
/f>r'geiv/
the PAST TENSE of the verb forgive
bad
money
behavior.
trees
lot of
always; for
to
\
/'fonst, 'far-/ noun
forever
showing the reason: He won a prize for singing. They were punished for their of;
is
an area where there is a color picture on page 188
forge
Christmas.
9 because
/'forhed, 'fond, 'fand/ noun
your country
» compare SINCE 4 toward
fore-head
girls.
knife for cutting
here for
action used for getting
\
to be given to or used by
a school for
the police force.
from a country that is not your country: Can you speak a foreign language? I like foreign
something: Here's a letter for you.
some
in
3 [U] violent physical what you want
below your hair
walking:
strong for/
/fas
meant
are
the top part of your face, above your eyes and
steps behind me.
for
noun power or strength: The force of the explosion threw me to the ground. 2 a group of people like the army or police who are trained to fight together: Both of her sons
/'forkaest/ noun something that says what is likely to happen in the future: Did you see the weather forecast?
footprints in the snow.
foot-step
force 2
fore-cast
game
by a person's foot:
the sound of
to
1 [U]
into
ball into
win
to
field
my job.
use your strength to make something move: He had to force the door open. (=make it open by pushing or pulling)
2
the part of your body that you stand on
2 the bottom
to
make
/ford3/ verb (forging, forged) a copy of something
people think is
it
forged.
is
real:
in
order to make
The police think the
forgery
forgery 1 in
a
form a
/'foreman/ noun crime of making a copy
[U] the
way that
not
is
She went
legal:
something
of
to prison for
2
in
the shape of
We want form a computer club at school. 4 to make or produce something: You form the adverb of the word "quick" by adding "-ly" to 3
to start an organization or group:
to
forgery.
to
(=stand together
circle.
a circle)
a copy which
[plural forgeries]
make people
think
it
is
intended
is
real
the end.
forget
/fa^'get/ verb [forgetting, forgot
past participle forgotten /f^'gat^n/] 1 not to remember something: / have forgotten her name. Don't forget that Chuck's birthcompare REMEMBER day is Friday. 2 to stop thinking or worrying about someone or something: You have to forget about your problems for a while.
/fa^'gat/,
\
»
NOTE:
If
you want to say where you have
formal
/'formal/ adjective
suitable for an official or important occasion:
formal
a
received
from
letter
her
/
office.
» opposite INFORMAL former /'farmaV noun 1
the former the
first of
two people or things that
you are mentioning: Our company has agree-
ments with both Acme and General, but its agreement with the former (=Acme) will end soon. » compare LATTER
left
something, use leave, not forget e.g. Oh, no - 1 forgot my bag! compared with / left my
former 2
bag on the bus.
adjective
at an earlier time but not any more: The former
forgetful
was
U. S. President
at the meeting.
/fa-'getfal/ adjective
often forgetting things:
Bill is
getting forgetful
in
for-meMy in
his old age.
/'farma^li/
adverb
was formerly owned by
the past: The house
his family.
forgive
/fa^'giv/ verb [forgiving, forgave,
formula
someone, even though he or she has done something wrong: Please forgive me - I didn't mean to do it.
/'farmyala/ noun [plural formulas or formulae /farmjuli/) a list of the substances used to make something: He developed a new formula for the drug.
forgot
fort
past participle forgiven] to not be angry at
/fa-'gat/
forgotten
important place
fortunate
1
lucky
/fork/
an instrument with a handle and two or points at one end, used for picking up
food to eat a place
where
two parts: Turn
fork 2 if
a road or a river divides into
left
at the fork in the road.
it
divides into
of the
two parts
to get
a
/
Fortunately,
» opposite
UNFOR-
(=l
was
lucky)
2 a very large amount
of
money: He
made
a
1
number official
fortune by selling houses.
3 is
tell
someone's fortune to tell someone what them in the future
going to happen to
for-ty
18.
piece of paper with spaces
where
the
/'farti/ adjective,
forwards]
2
verb
to start to appear or exist; develop: Ice
was
forming on the roads.
make
a particular shape:
Now
children,
noun
number 40
for-ward
to
adverb
job.
form 2
luck:
/'fart Jan/ noun had the good fortune
you write information
1
/'fart Janitli/
happening because of good we arrived in time to help. TUNATELY
1 [U] luck:
/form/ noun 1 a type of something: The country has a new form of government. 2 a shape: She had a birthday cake in the form
3 an
fortunately
fortune
verb
a road or river forks,
form
/'fart Janit/ adjective
» opposite UNFORTUNATE
noun
more 2
noun
/f^'gafn/
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb forget
fork 1
/fart/
a strong building used by soldiers to defend an
the PAST TENSE of the verb forget
1
/'farwa^d/ adverb [also
/ 1 in the direction that is in front of you: leaned forward to hear what she was saying.
» compare
BACKWARD
1
freckle 2 toward the
future:
/
meeting your parents. meet them]
forward in
2
am looking forward to am excited that will
(=1
I
fragment
adjective
the direction that
is in
We sat in
front of you:
»
compare
2
Fragments of glass
fragrance a
fought
/'fraegmant/ noun
a small piece that has broken off something:
the forward part of the plane.
BACKWARD
f rag-He /'fr£ed39l/ adjective easy to break or damage
/fat/
sweet or pleasant
flowers
the PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb fight
lay
filled
the
fragrant
on the
/'freigrans/ smell:
floor.
noun The fragrance of
air.
/'freigrant/ adjective
having a pleasant smell
foul
/faul/ adjective
A
very dirty and unpleasant:
was
foul smell
found
1
frail
frame
/faund/
the PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb
found
verb
to start: The school
foundation
was founded
1884.
in
under the ground and sup-
is
n
noun
structure
a
sends
air,
made: My frame was
is
bicycle
in
car
the acci-
dent.
3 that
water
into the
etc.
a piece of
metal edges
fountain /'faunt n/
around
bars
the
building,
2
ports a building
/freim/
which a
damaged
/faun'deijgn/ noun
the solid base that
1
noun 1
find 2
/'freil/ adjective
and weak; not healthy
thin
coming from the room.
wood
around
or
the
of a picture,
window
etc.
the part of a pair of glasses which holds the glass see picture at GLASSES [plural]
—
ji
high
frame
built for
to put a
decoration
2
verb (framing, framed)
wood
or metal frame around the edges
of a picture
four the
/for/ adjec-
frank
noun
tive,
fourteen /,for'tin
/ noun
produce or make something such as heat or power: Coal is used for generating electricity.
shows what you mean or how you
all
who are about
the people
parents and
I
the
same
age:
My
/'d3en9,reit37 noun
machine that makes
generosity
generous willing to give It
is
/'d3enar9s/ adjective
time to someone:
very generous of you to offer to help.
genius
come
over.
get
/get/ verb [getting, got /gat/, past
a lot of intelligence or
1
to obtain or buy something:
birthday present for
1
careful
ability
/'d3ental/ adjective
to become: She got really weather is getting colder.
4
Be gentle with the baby. 2 not rough, loud, or forceful: She has a gentle voice.
gentleman
/'dsentalman/ noun gentlemen /-men/] a man who is polite and behaves well toward
[plural 1
other people
2
a polite
not know:
gently in
word
for a
Show
this
man whose name
gentleman to
you do
his seat.
/'d3entli/ adverb
a kind, calm way, without being loud or rough:
She gently
lifted
the
child.
genuine
/'d3enyum/ adjective real and true: He has a genuine concern for other people, —genuinely adverb: She genuinely
loves- him.
geography
/d3i'agr3fi/
noun
[U]
the study of the countries of the world and things
like
oceans,
mountains,
—geographical adjective
have to get a I get four
and weather
|
Did you get any
mad
at me.
\
The
someone something, or take someplace: She went to get the kids from school. Can get you a drink? 5 to reach a particular place or position: Did to bring
from a
I
|
the way you behave; kind and calm:
in
|
got a bicycle from his aunt. mail?
thing
gentle
/
my mother. Can
3
/'d3inyas/ noun [plural geniuses)
someone who has
verb [gesturing, gestured]
someone something by moving your head, hands, or arms: He gestured for me to tell
bananas for a dollar? 2 to receive or be given something: The boy
for your generosity.
help, or
that
participle gotten /'gat n/]
/,d3en9'ras9ti/ noun [U]
money,
2
arms
feel
n
electricity
the willingness to give money, help, or time to
someone: Thank you
of your hands, head, or
gesture to
belong to different generations.
generator a
/,d3en9'reij9n/ noun
movement
dirty
in
sick
a
to
curves
lines,
[generating, generated]
generation
made
they were
—geometric adjective
etc.
germ
six.
2 considering something as his homework is very good.
how
the study of the form of shapes,
/'d^cndrdlif adverb
usually: Children generally start
they are
/d3i'abd3i/ noun [U]
— geometry /d3i'am3tri/ noun [U]
noun
generally
geology
the study of rocks and geological adjective
you ever get to the end of the book? 6 get away to leave a place, or escape: Four prisoners got away. 7 get back to return: When did you get back from your trip? 8 get along with someone to have a friendly relationship with someone: / get along well with Thomas. 9 get off to finish working: What time do you get off? 10 get away with something to not be seen or punished for doing something wrong: He lied to me - and he thinks he is going to get away with 1 1
it!
get up
tion,
to rise from a lying or sitting posi-
especially
from your bed after sleeping:
What time do you get up on Sundays? 12 get through something to deal with experience
until
it
ends:
It
will
be hard
a bad to get
through the funeral. 1 3 get by to have just enough money to buy the things you need, but not more: Some families don't have
enough
to get
by.
ghetto of
the book to her.
/'getouV noun
a part of a city that
very poor and has a
is
lot
/goust/
£w
noun the
h^
dead
a
of
spirit
person, that some people believe can be
4
/'d3aiant/
in
adjective
very large
gift
/gift/
a special
gift
someone you
to do something:
ability
gigantic
like
He has a
in class.
gills
a quiet way: The girls
/gilz/ plural
gin-ger
fish,
were
near
head, through which
its
/d3a'raef/
noun
cooking
that
its fur,
1
girl
or
Girl
or
with
lives in Africa
any
In
accidents happen
all
in
—see
a given time, date etc.
fixed
or agreed on:
used
in
electricity is
any given period?
given 2 if
one that has been
is
How much
preposition
you consider: Given the
given 3
number
of people
we
surprised that so few came.
invited, I'm
verb
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb give children,
a
girl
and
given 4 whom
» compare
woman who woman or
is
you have a BOYFRIEND
the friend of another
noun
—
Girl
girls
them
that teaches
Scout noun
participle given /'givan/) in
someone's hand:
/'gleij>/
gave
moves
slowly over
/glaed/ adjective
pleased and happy:
gladly /
/
am
glad to see you.
adverb gladly accepted his
glance
/'glasdli/
1
offer.
/glaens/ verb (glancing, glanced)
to look quickly at /
noun
the ground
willingly:
/giv/ verb (giving, gave /geiv/, past
to put something
glacier
a very large area of ice that
glad
Scouts /'ga^l skauts/ plural noun
practical skills
1
any particular time, idea, on
...
being used as an example:
/'g^lfrend/ noun
woman
an organization for
give
is
a given a basic fact that you accept as the truth
romantic relationship girl
/'givan/ adjective
83
/ga-1/
girlfriend
a
1
any/a given
thing that
2 in
[plural giraffe or
noun a female child: She has two a boy.
2
something off to produce a smell, heat The factory smoke gives off a bad smell.
the home.
animal with a very long neck and large
girl
:
given year, over half of
1
/'d3ind3a7 noun [U]
brown spots on
a
to stop doing or having
give
etc.
1
—see picture at FISH
color picture on page
1
to
willing to
something up
give
given
giraffes)
girl
agree to do something that you do before: He kept asking her for money, and she finally gave in. 8 give something out to give something to each of several people: The teacher gave out
10
giggling
noun
a plant with a root that can be used
gi-raff e
7 give in were not
something: She's trying to give up smoking.
—giggle noun
breathes
tall
\
9
ENORMOUS
/'giggl/ verb (giggling, giggled)
in
the part of a
a
to tell someone something: Will you give her message from me? Let me give you some
copies of the paper. /d3ai'gaenfik/ adjective
» compare
giggle to laugh
it
give to
for learning languages.
very big
bicycle for Christmas.
next week.
noun 1 something that you or want to thank
2
He gave me a
|
5 give something away to let someone have something of yours, instead of selling it: I'm giving away all my clothes that are too small. 6 give something back to return something to someone who owns it: /'// give your book back
children's stories
giant 2
will
I
advice.
man
strong
tall
your coat and
\
noun a very
me
Give
3 to perform an action: Sharon gave her grandmother a big kiss. Give me a call (telephone me) when you can. a
1
\
away.
job to?
t#
seen
giant
it
2 to provide someone with something, or to let someone do something: Who did they give the
people
ghost
put
someone
glanced at her watch.
or something:
She
ilance
glance 2
glimpse 2
noun
a quick short look
glare 1
1
hurts your eyes: The sun glared
2
glisten
/gler/ verb (glaring, glared)
to shine with a very bright light so that
to look at
glared at
someone
me and
in
it
down on them.
an angry way: She
then walked away.
to
glare 1
noun
or something quickly
/'glisan/ verb
shine as
Her eyes glistened
wet:
if
with
tears.
globe 1
2
verb (glimpsing, glimpsed)
someone
to look at
/gloub/ noun the globe the world: She's traveled
all
over
the globe.
a very bright
The glare of the sun
light:
made
her eyes hurt. 2 an angry look
2
a
map
with a
ball
gloomy
of the
world on
it
/'glumi/ adjective (gloomier,
gloomiest)
glass
1 dark: It was cold and gloomy all day. 2 sad and not having a lot of hope: He had a
gloomy expression on
glorious
his face.
/'glorias/ adjective
1 deserving praise and honor 2 very pleasant or nice
glory /'gbri/ noun fame and respect that
[U] is
given to
someone who
has done something great
gloss
/gbs/ noun [U]
a shiny surface on something
glass 1
/glaes/
[U] a clear
glove
noun
hard substance used for making
windows and bottles 2 [plural glasses) a cup made
/gUv/ noun
a piece of clothing that you
with separate parts for of glass, without
a handle
color picture on page
glow
1
1
wear on your hand,
all
your fingers
— see
90
/glou/ verb
to shine with a steady
light:
The
fire
glowed
in
the dark.
glow
2
noun
a soft steady
light:
glue 1
noun
/glu/
An orange glow filled the
sky.
[U]
a substance used for sticking two things together:
glasses
/'glsesiz/ plural
two round pieces of
gleam glide
front
—see color
191
in
the moonlight.
(gliding, glided)
quietly
verb (gluing, glued)
to stick
two things together using
The dog
go
1
is
/gou/ verb [past tense went, past
participle gone)
that
is
not very bright
to
move toward a place, or for a particular Where She went into the kitchen. \
are you going?
wanted to go, but she 2 to leave a place: She has gone away for a wanted to stay. Are you going out tonight? while. 3 to visit a place, then leave it: We are going to Florida this summer. /
1
/glimps/ noun a very quick look: / only caught a glimpse of the
man's
face.
She
gnawing on a bone.
distance: light
— glimmer noun glimpse
glue:
glued the pieces together.
1
/'glimaV verb
shine with a
with glue.
gnaw /no/ verb
gleamed
/glaid/ verb
2
to continue biting something for a long time:
move forward smoothly and
glim-mer to
in
/glim/ verb
to shine: The river
to
you wear
your eyes to help you see better
picture on page
glue
noun
of glass that
She stuck the handle onto the cup
\
|
lood afternoon 4
to become: His hair is going gray. 5 to happen in a particular way: Everything went wrong from the start. 6 to work in the right way: The car won't go. 7 be going to do something used for saying that something will happen in the future: think
gold-en en
/'gouldan/ adjective
made
gold or
like
The
of gold:
little girl
had gold-
hair.
gold-fish
/'gould.f iJ7 noun [plural goldfish)
a small orange fish often kept as a pet
/
going to snow.
it's
\
I'm going to
buy that
bicy-
cle.
The
to explode:
off
bomb went
off sud-
denly.
9 go up
to increase: Prices have really
gone
this year.
10 go by to pass: Several days went by before he called. 11 go on to continue without changing: We cannot go on fighting like this!
/galf
game
,
golf/
noun
[U]
which you hit a small hard ball hole in the ground using a special stick color picture on page 1 84 a
8 go
up
golf
in
gone
into a
— see
/gon, gan/
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb go
NOTE: Look at the difference between been and gone. If you have been to a place, you have traveled there and returned. If you have gone to a place, you have traveled there and have not yet returned: Liz has gone to Spain. [=she is in Spain now] Liz has been to Spain. (=she went there and now she has returned)
go
2 noun on the go very busy all the time: Steve is always on the go! 2 make a go of to try and make something a success
1
goal
/goul/ noun something you want to do
1
goal
2
go
to
is
a point that you win
goes
the future:
My
good
in
when the ball Our team won by
a sport
three goals to one.
1
/gud/ adjective
standard or quality: You did a good She has a very good memory. compare BAD, BETTER BEST 2 pleasant or enjoyable: Have a good time. It's good to see you again! 3 smart or successful at something: She's very good at languages. He's good with 1
a special area:
into
in
to college.
of a high
job.
|
»
1
1
,
\
3 the area
into
which you try to put the
ball
to
win a point
goalie
/'gouli/
noun
\
babies.
a GOALKEEPER
4
goalkeeper
/'goul.kipaV noun
team who
the player on a sports the
before
ball
goat a
it
goes
into
tries to stop
the GOAL
/gout/ noun
farm animal with horns and long
hair
useful or suitable for a particular purpose:
music is good for dancing. 5 behaving in a way that is acceptable: Sit here and be a good girl. 6 kind and helpful: He's been very good to me. 7 healthy: Too much candy is not good for you. 8 as good as almost: The job is as good as This
under
its
chin
done.
god 1
/gad/ noun
[U] the being
9 good luck
who you pray
to, especially in
the Christian, Muslim, and Jewish religions
2
a
male being who
world, or part of
goddess
believed to control the
is
it
/'gadis/
goggles
/'gagglz/ plural noun equipment with two large round pieces of glass with an edge that fits against your skin to keep your eyes safe piece
gold 1
of
/gould/ noun [U]
a yellow metal used for making jewelry, coins
etc.
2 the
when you hope someone
is
10 Good with
for you! said
when you are pleased
what someone has done
good
noun
a female god
a
said
successful
color of this metal
2 noun [U] something that improves a situation, or gives you an advantage: What's the good of having a car if you can't drive?
1
2 for good always; for a very long time: She has left her job for good. 3 do no good to not be of any use, or to have no effect on something: You can talk to her, but it will not do any good.
good afternoon used for saying
hello to
/.
,..'./
someone
in
the afternoon
loodbye
goodbye
got
/gud'bai, gad'bai/
when you leave someone leaves you » compare HELLO
said
good evening used for saying
someone
or
»
gotten
someone
n
/'gat n/
the evening
the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb get
the Friday before EASTER, a Christian religious
to control and rule a country and
holiday
The army governed the country
Good
hello to
Fri'day
/,.
good-looking used
attractive,
/,.
in
govern
'../noun
person:
He's
very
good-looking.
good morning used for saying
hello to
1
someone
the morn-
in
or annoyed:
good
or to
goods
/gudz/ plural noun food or clothes that are bought and
like
sold
goose
/gus/ noun [plural geese /gi:s/)
a large white bird that looks
makes
like
a duck and
gorgeous that dress.
— see color picture on
gosh said
page
1
like
a
mon-
83
1
one
a short prayer before a meal:
to
say grace?
graceful
surprised: Gosh!
What are
2 a
letter or
in
school:
a
We
about Christ's
number
My
that
1 life
in
the
is:
2
/
grade papers
eggs.
all
a piece of school work
day.
to put things into groups according to size,
The farmers graded the apples
/'gradual/ adjective
happening or changing slowly: / have seen a gradually gradual improvement in his work. adverb
—
ple's private lives
graduate
gossip 2
(graduating, graduated]
verb
to talk about other people's private lives
in
a
way
into
sizes.
gradual
/'gasap/ noun
about someone's private life that is not nice: You should not listen to gossip. 2 someone who likes to talk about other peo[U] talk
A
how good
to decide
two
people sing loudly
not nice
you
verb (grading, graded)
quality etc.:
is
well
or quality that a product has:
size,
level,
2
that
shows how
grades were mostly B's and
always buy Grade
grade
[U] a type of Christian religious music, that
1
/'greisfal/ adjective
1 /greid/ noun one of the 1 2 years you are in school in the U.S.: Our son goes into the fourth grade this
2
1
going
an attractive and smooth way
Bible
gossip
is
Cs.
/'gaspal/ noun
of the stories
in
Who
1
3
you doing here?
gospel
2
did
/gof/
when you are
1 an attractive such grace.
year.
/ga'nta/ noun
a very large strong animal that looks
key
ran.
noun [U] way of moving: She dances with
/greis/
grade
/'gord33s/ adjective
very beautiful or pleasant: Linda looks gorgeous
gorilla
beauti-
something quickly and roughly:
man grabbed my bag and
The
moving
a loud noise
woman: She wore a
/graeb/ verb (grabbing, grabbed]
grace
things
noun
evening gown.
grab
when you are going home at night, someone who is leaving you at night
-vW
controls a U.S. state
/gaun/ noun
to take hold of
'./
/'gAvana\
who
a long dress for a ful
[U] kindness, the quality of being /.
My
tired!
said
in
governor
gown
/'gudnis/ noun
good night
a coun-
in
'../
when you are surprised
goodness, you look
2
/'gAvamant, 'gAvanmant/ noun the people who control what happens
the person
said
people:
its
for five years.
try /.
ing
goodness
/'gAv^n/ verb
government
'../ noun [U] waste paper and other things that people leave on the ground in public: There was litter everywhere on the streets of the town.
5
list 2 verb things
noun
including
lege.
live 1
adjective
strong alcoholic drink
a set of
liters
|
the form of a
list 1
literature
very
a solid or a gas
in
The bottle holds two
/
/'lip.stik/
a colored substance that
a substance
of liquid:
»
lip /lip/ noun one of the two edges of your mouth: He kissed her on the lips. see picture at HEAD
liquid 1
cigarette
noun
/'liteV
measure
good books and
1
a female lion
lips,
lit
poetry: She's studying French literature in col-
[U]
soft light pieces of thread or cloth that
li-on
a
of Coke.
two things or places together: The two towns are linked by a highway. /lint/
He threw
or burning:
light
into the garbage.
liter
the rings
to join
lint
having
1
what someone
Are you listening to me? but he wouldn't listen.
\
is
saying; to
told
I
him not
it,
/laiv/ adjective
not dead: The
ucts on
live
company does not
test prod-
animals.
2 done or performed for people who are The restaurant has live music on
watching: Fridays.
NOTE: Remember Listen to
me!
We
to use to after listen:
were
listening to the
3 shown on
television at the
same time as
it
happens
radio.
live-ly
/'laivli/ adjective (livelier, liveliest]
very active and exciting: lit the
1
PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE
light
It
was a
lively party.
/lit/
of
the verb
liv-er 1
/'liva7
noun
a large part inside your body which cleans
your blood
lollipop 2
part from
a
[U]
inside
an animal's body,
lobster
/'labstaV
noun
eaten as meat
a sea animal with a shell, a
lives
or the
/laivz/
the plural of
living
local
life
/'livir)/
in
adjective
She has no
alive:
DEAD
1
»
living relatives
compare
he do for a living? 2 the living all the people who are
room
living
room
the main
My
legs,
/'loukal/ adjective
go
children
live:
— locally
to the local school.
in
lizard
The
map shows
—see
picture
color
the location of the church. sit,
on
lock
1
/lak/
noun
an object that keeps a door, gate, or drawer shut, and that can only be opened with a key
/'lizard/
lock 2
an animal that has
1
four short legs, a
Did you
and a snake
/lou'keijan/ noun
a particular place or position:
,./
noun
verb
to close a door, gate, or
remember
drawer using a lock: door? oppo-
»
to lock the
UNLOCK 2 lock up to make
skin
tail,
/'loukeitid/ adjective
be located to be in a particular place: The hotel is located near the airport.
location
alive
noun a house where people
/'.
watch television etc page 186
like
and eight
the area near a place; near where you
located
way that you earn money: What does
[U] the
long
tail,
of this animal
adverb
1
living 2 noun 1
meat
site
a building safe by closing
all
the doors with a lock: Don't forget to lock up 'II /l, 91/
verb
She'll
will:
when you
do
leave.
it
locker
tomorrow.
noun
/'laka*/
in which Everyone has a locker at
a small cupboard, often with a lock,
load 1
/loud/ noun
a large
amount
you
something that
of
a person or vehicle: The truck
is
carried by
is
carrying a load
of bananas.
load 2 ,1
verb
to put things on or into a vehicle:
to put bullets
loaf a
/louf/
in
noun
We loaded
a gun, or film into a
camera
[plural loaves /louvz/]
large piece of bread that can
loan 1
locksmith locust
/'lak,smi0/ noun
lodge
— see picture at BREAD
flies
lodged
in his throat.
/loft/
noun
log
an amount of money that you borrow from a person or bank: / want to take out a loan for a
a large piece of
new
another log on the
loan 2 to lend
loaves
1
log 2
verb
someone something,
especially
money
1
/log, lag/
2
the plural of loaf
lobby
/'labi/
room
Wait for
me
noun
[plural lobbies]
inside the entrance of a building: in
the hotel lobby.
inside a
BARN
noun
wood cut from
a tree:
Put
fire.
verb (logging, logged)
lollipop
computer by
word
log off, log out to stop using a
writing a special
a large
room or
log on, log in to start using a
writing a special
/louvz/
and eats
/lad3/ verb (lodging, lodged]
a raised area above a
car.
large groups
in
become stuck somewhere: He has a bone
loft
/loun/ noun
repairs locks
/'louksst/ noun
an insect that crops in fields
to
be cut into
smaller pieces: Please buy a loaf of bread at the store.
school.
someone who makes and
the car with boxes.
2
keep things:
computer by
word
/'lali.pap/
noun
a hard candy attached to a small stick
lone-ly
/'lounli/ adjective (lonelier, loneliest)
unhappy because you are alone: He without his wife. loneliness noun [U]
—
lonely
is
long
care of someone or something: She looked after our house while we were away.
6 look for someone or something to try to find someone or something: I'm looking for my keys. 7 look forward to something to be happy or because you are going to do something: We're looking forward to going to the party. 8 look ahead to think about what will happen in
excited
the future:
It
is
time to look ahead to next year.
9 look something up mation
in
to find a piece of infor-
word
a book: Did you look up that
in
the dictionary?
10 short
long
long
look out to pay attention to what
pening around you: Look out! The
ball
hap-
is
almost
hit
you! 1
/log/ adjective
measuring a great distance, length, or time: Julie has long hair. It takes a long time to walk There was a long line at the bank. to school. compare SHORT
look 2
noun
1
an act of looking at something: Take a look
at
this book.
\
|
»
long 2 1
2 the way something appears: look of the weather.
adverb
for a long time:
Have you been
waiting long?
(=l
think
it
/
is
3 the expression on someone's me an angry look.
don't
like
the
bad] face:
He gave
2 long before, long after a long time before or after a particular event:
He
were born. 3 as long as, so long as long as you are back by 9
long 3
died long before you
looks how
You can go out as
if:
o'clock.
loom
want something very much: She longed home.
long-distance
'..< /
/,.
to
go
is:
She
is
/lum/ noun
loop
/lup/ noun shape like a curve or has this shape
a
adjective
between places that are a long way from each other: Can I make a long-distance phone call?
loose
longing
button
/'bnirj/
noun
[U]
longitude
/'
lances ,tud/ noun
a position on the Earth
shown on maps as the
distance east or west of a
line
1
circle,
on something that
/lus/ adjective (looser, loosest]
not firmly attached to something:
My
shirt
is loose.
2 loose clothes are
a strong feeling of wanting something
big and do not fit tightly: These pants are loose. 3 free from control: Don't let your dog run loose on the beach.
that goes from
» compare
the top of the Earth to the bottom
loosen
/'lusan/ verb
become less tight, or make something do this: He loosened the tie around his neck. compare TIGHTEN to
LATITUDE
1
someone
always worried about her looks.
a machine for weaving cloth
verb
to
look 1
noun
/luks/ plural
beautiful or attractive
»
/luk/ verb
toward something so that He She looked at me angrily.
to turn your eyes
you can see
it:
|
sat and looked out of the window.
WATCH 2 2 to seem dangerous.
» compare
Lord
/brd/ noun the Lord God or Jesus Christ
lose to be something: \
You look
That dog looks
you are
like
tired.
/luz/ verb (losing, lost /bst/)
not have something any more, or not know where it is: / think I lost my watch. He 1
to
\
3 Look! someone like
said
when you are annoyed
to notice something: Look,
I
or want don't feel
arguing with you!
» compare
lost his job last week.
2 to not win a game, argument, war etc.: Our team lost the match. Did Harris lose the eleccompare WIN tion? 3 to have less of something than before: She compare GAIN has lost a lot of weight. \
4
look as
looks as
if
if,
look like
to
seem
probable:
It
we're going to miss the plane.
5 look after someone or something
to take
FIND
»
1
»
low tide 4
lose your sight, lose your hearing etc. to
stop being able to see, hear etc.
5 lose your temper
loser
to
become angry
love 1
noun someone who does not win
loss
/'luzaV
/los/
noun
1
lost: His death was a great loss The loss of her job was a shock. 2 money that is lost by a company, person etc.: The company had big losses this year. |
lost 1 lose
lost; 2
adjective
not knowing where you are:
and got
/
went
for
a walk
lost.
lost-and-found
/,.
.
'./
noun
2
to
for
someone, or have a
»
compare HATE something very much: Maria loves to
like
1
read.
love 2
noun
romantic feeling for someone: her husband is real. compare HATE 2 HATRED 2 something that you like very much: Music is one of his great loves. 3 love written at the end of a letter to a friend 1
[U] a strong
Her
»
love for
they can get
lost, until
them again
someone fall in
in
love with her.
your family
in
someone: He
love to begin to love
/'.
.,./
noun amount or number: picked lots of flowers. A lot of people do not like him. compare MUCH 2 an area of land in a town or city: There's an empty lot next to our house. /
|
»
noun
a romantic or sexual relationship
between two
lovely
/'IavH/ adjective
very nice or enjoyable:
lover 1
/'lAvaV
someone
had a
/
lovely evening!
noun
whom
with
you have a romantic or
sexual relationship
2 someone who enjoys something: He
lotion a
liquid
/'loujsn/ noun
art
that you put on your skin to
or protect
it:
Put
this lotion
fell
people
/lot/
a large
or
4
love affair
[U]
a place used for keeping things that people have
1
much
,
/lost/
the PAST TENSE and PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb
lot
verb (loving, loved)
/1a v/
to care very
love their children.
[plural losses)
that you have to us.
/'lAvabal/ adjective
strong romantic feeling for someone: Mothers
the act of losing something, or something
1
lovable
very nice and easy to love
make
it
soft
on to stop the sun
from burning you.
is
an
lover.
loving
/'Lwin./ adjective
showing that you love someone: He gave her a loving kiss.
'lot'ter-y /'latari/ noun a game in which you buy a money
[plural lotteries)
ticket to try
and win
low 1
ball
loud
/laud/ adjective
making a
lot of noise:
is
too loud!
1
a
sound
makes your
of
voice
4
not high
lower
lounge
you lower your
can
sit
/laund3/ noun in
an airport or hotel where you
to
the /laus/
noun
[plural lice /lais/)
a small insect that lives on the skin and hair of
people and animals
lousy
/'lauzi/ adjective (lousier, lousiest)
What a
lousy day!
/
have a low opin-
He has
a low
voice.
less
in
amount or degree: Can
voice,
» compare RAISE
please.
(=speak
less
1
move something down:
It
is
time to lower
flag.
lower case letters written d, g,
very bad:
become
to
loudly)
2
and relax
louse
quality:
/'louaV verb
1
room
good
sound:
in
loudspeaker.
a public
Their prices are
ion of his work.
The police spoke to him using a
louder:
the
very low.
3 bad, or not
/'laud.spikaV noun
piece of equipment that
number or amount:
in
He threw
» compare HIGH
too low.
2 small Your music
» compare QUIET — loudly adverb loudspeaker
/lou/ adjective
not high; near to the ground:
j
etc.
from the
/,..
'.«/
noun
[U]
their small form,
such as
a, b,
» compare UPPER CASE
low tide the time
in
/,.
'./
noun
when the ocean is very low and shore compare HIGH TIDE
»
far
loyal
/'bigl/ adjective
lumpy
faithful;
not changing your beliefs or opinions:
lumpiest]
She
is
a
loyal friend.
loyalty
/'bialti/
the quality of being
country
LP
is
» opposite DISLOYAL
having LUMPs; not smooth: The
noun
lunatic
[U]
faithful:
His loyalty to his
strong.
a record that plays for
about
25 minutes on
each side
luck
/Uk/ noun
chance: Have you had any luck finding a job? luck!
luck-y
I
alive.
He
is
lucky to
/'L\gid3/
containers,
carry with you
still
» compare BAG-
travel
GAGE
lukewarm not very
lumber wood
that
lump 1
/,luk'worm