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Presentación de gramática: To be (5 /11)

Introduction To be is one of the most common and important verbs in English. I am late. Jane and Mike are at the movies. We are going on a trip.

Form - The present simple tense Affirmative I am (I'm) you are (you're) he/she/it is (he's/she's/it's) we are (we're) you are (you're) they are (they're)       

Questions I am not (I'm not) Am I... ? you are not (you're not or you aren't) Are you... ? he/she/it is not (he's/she's/it's not or he/she/it Is he/she/it... isn't) ? we are not (we're not or we aren't) Are we... ? you are not (you're not or you aren't) Are you... ? they are not (they're not or they aren't) Are they... ?

I am late. Jane is tall. Peter and Richard are early for the train. Lauren and I are in the same team at work. I'm not angry. She's not hungry. They aren't from New Zealand.

Short answers I am. Yes, he/she/it is. we/you/they are. I'm not. No, he/she/it isn't. we/you/they aren't.   

Negative

Are you from the United States? Yes, I am. Are they teachers? Yes, they are. Is John a doctor? No, he isn't.



Are Paul and Mary ready for their trip? No, they aren't.

Use Existence  

There is a man in the garden. There are four books on the shelf.

Sensation, a feeling or a state of mind    

I'm hot. She's thirsty. We're hungry. They're cold.

Talking about yourself and others     

I am Fred. You are 31 years old. Richard is a nice man. They are doctors. We are happy.

Auxiliary verb 'Be' is used as the auxiliary verb when forming the present continuous and the expression 'be going to':      

 

I am going on vacation next week. Are you listening to me? Bill is taking the next train. Fred and Harry aren't working today. We are going to be late.

Presentación de gramática: There is/there are (5 /12)

Introduction To have is one of the most common and important verbs in English. I have a new car. Martha has a lot of things to do.

Form Present Tense Affirmative Negative Question I have I do not have ( don't have) Do I have ... ? you have you do not have (don't have) Do you have ... ? he/she/it has he/she/it does not have (doesn't have) Does he/she/it have ...? we have we do not have (don't have) Do we have ...? you have you do not have (don't have) Do you have ...? they have they do not have (don't have) Do they have ...?     

You have one apple and two oranges. She has three reports due on Friday. They have a new baby. She doesn't have a car. They don't have any shoes in my size.

Short answers Yes, No,    

he/she/it does. I/we/you/they do. he/she/it doesn't. I/we/you/they don't. Do you have a map? Yes, I do. Does the department have a new director? Yes, it does. Does he have time to meet with me today? No, he doesn't. Do they have the tickets for the play tonight? No, they don't.

Past tense

I you Affirmative

Negative

he/she/it we they I you he/she/it we they

had

did not have (didn't have)

I you Questions Did

   

he/she/it we they

have...?

You had a meeting last Friday. We had a great time at the event. She didn't have any pets when she was young. They didn't have enough time to talk about the next project.

Short answers Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they did. No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they didn't.    

Did you have enough money to buy the tickets? Yes, I did. Did they have dinner in a restaurant? Yes, they did. Did the package have the right address? No, it didn't. Did Jane and Harry go to the meeting? No, they didn't.

Have got British English often uses the form "have got" instead of "have". This is not common in American English. Present Tense Affirmative

I you

have got ('ve got)

we they he/she/it I you Negative we they he/she/it

has got ('s got) have not got (haven't got)

has not got (hasn't got) I you Have/Haven't we Questions they Has/Hasn't he/she/it     

You have got one apple and two oranges. She has got three reports due on Friday. They have got a new baby. She hasn't got a car. They haven't got any shoes in my size.

Short answers Yes, No,    

he/she/it has. I/we/you/they have. he/she/it hasn't. I/we/you/they haven't. Have you got a map. Yes, I have. Has he got any time to meet with me today? Yes, he has. Hasn't he got seven cousins? No, he hasn't. Haven't they got a dog? No, they haven't.

Use Possession   

We have a dog. He has a house. I have three apples.

got...? got...?

We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to describe possession. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form:   

I've got a new computer. I haven't got a DVD player. Has he got my letter?

Food and drink      

I have breakfast at 7:00 a.m. We have lunch at 12:00 p.m. He has salad at lunch. Do they often have dinner at a restaurant? No, they don't. Have you got a drink? Do you have some water? Yes, I do.

Appearance    

She has blue eyes. We have brown hair. You have long legs. I have big hands. We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to talk about appearance. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form: o o

She's got blue eyes. We've got brown hair.

Family    

You have one brother and two sisters. She has got three brothers. They have seven cousins. We have got twelve grandchildren. We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to talk about family. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form: o o



 

I've got one brother and two sisters. I haven't got any cousins. My mother was an only child.

Introduction To have is one of the most common and important verbs in English. I have a new car. Martha has a lot of things to do.

Form Present Tense Negative

Affirmative

Question

I have

I do not have ( don't have)

Do I have ... ?

you have

you do not have (don't have)

Do you have ... ?

he/she/it has he/she/it does not have (doesn't have) Does he/she/it have ...? we have

we do not have (don't have)

Do we have ...?

you have

you do not have (don't have)

Do you have ...?

they have

they do not have (don't have)

Do they have ...?

    

You have one apple and two oranges. She has three reports due on Friday. They have a new baby. She doesn't have a car. They don't have any shoes in my size.

Short answers he/she/it does. Yes, I/we/you/they do. he/she/it doesn't. No, I/we/you/they don't.  

Do you have a map? Yes, I do. Does the department have a new director? Yes, it does.

 

Does he have time to meet with me today? No, he doesn't. Do they have the tickets for the play tonight? No, they don't.

Past tense I you Affirmative he/she/it had we they I you Negative

he/she/it did not have (didn't have) we they I you

Questions Did

   

he/she/it we they

have...?

You had a meeting last Friday. We had a great time at the event. She didn't have any pets when she was young. They didn't have enough time to talk about the next project.

Short answers Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they did. No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they didn't.    

Did you have enough money to buy the tickets? Yes, I did. Did they have dinner in a restaurant? Yes, they did. Did the package have the right address? No, it didn't. Did Jane and Harry go to the meeting? No, they didn't.

Have got British English often uses the form "have got" instead of "have". This is not common in American English. Present Tense

I you Affirmative we they

Negative

have got ('ve got)

he/she/it

has got ('s got)

I you we they

have not got (haven't got)

he/she/it

has not got (hasn't got)

I you Have/Haven't we Questions they Has/Hasn't     

he/she/it

You have got one apple and two oranges. She has got three reports due on Friday. They have got a new baby. She hasn't got a car. They haven't got any shoes in my size.

Short answers he/she/it has. Yes, I/we/you/they have. he/she/it hasn't. No, I/we/you/they haven't.  

Have you got a map. Yes, I have. Has he got any time to meet with me today? Yes, he has.

got...?

got...?

 

Hasn't he got seven cousins? No, he hasn't. Haven't they got a dog? No, they haven't.

Use Possession   

We have a dog. He has a house. I have three apples.

We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to describe possession. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form:   

I've got a new computer. I haven't got a DVD player. Has he got my letter?

Food and drink      

I have breakfast at 7:00 a.m. We have lunch at 12:00 p.m. He has salad at lunch. Do they often have dinner at a restaurant? No, they don't. Have you got a drink? Do you have some water? Yes, I do.

Appearance    

She has blue eyes. We have brown hair. You have long legs. I have big hands. We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to talk about appearance. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form: o o

She's got blue eyes. We've got brown hair.

Family 

You have one brother and two sisters.

  

She has got three brothers. They have seven cousins. We have got twelve grandchildren.

We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to talk about family. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form: o o

I've got one brother and two sisters. I haven't got any cousins. My mother was an only child.



 

Presentación de gramática: Las preposiciones de lugar y de movimiento (2 /7)

Introduction Use prepositions of place in, on, under to say where someone or something is: The shoes are in the closet. The money is on the table. The cat is under the table. I live in Los Angeles. Use the preposition to to say where something moved: The woman drove to the grocery store.

Uses In Use in to talk about a real or imaginary place or an enclosed space:     

She's in the swimming pool. The jam is in the jar. Emma is in the living room. I work in a school. The Queen lives in a palace.

Use in to talk about locations (towns, countries, areas etc.):

     

I am in Paris. I live in the countryside. She is in Spain on vacation. We are in the city center. Are you in London? I live in the United States.

On Use on to talk about a place, a surface, or when giving directions:      

The pizza is on the table. The keys are on the shelf. I live on the first floor. Her office is on the left. I'm sitting on the couch. We are on the bus.

Under Use under to talk about something being physically below something else:     

Your shoes are under the table. We hide treasure under an X. The river flows under the bridge. I am reading under a tree. Under my sweater, I am wearing a shirt.

To Use to with verbs which show movement to a place: o o o o o o o o

I go to work by car. I need to go to the supermarket. I walk from my house to school everyday. Can I come to your house? I need a taxi to the airport. Can you tell me how to get to the hospital? I go to bed at 11:00 p.m. She is going to London for the holidays.

Presentación de gramática: Los demostrativos (5 /11) Introduction Demonstratives show how close or far people, places, or objects are from the speaker.They can be singular or plural. This, these = close to speaker This book is next to me. That, those = far from the speaker That book is too far away. I can't reach it. Formation Demonstrative adjectives this / these (close to the speaker) 

This - singular This picture here is lovely.



These - plural These papers here on my desk are what I need.

that / those (far from the speaker) 

That- singular That dog over there is very big.



Those - plural Those computers in the back of the room are broken.

Demonstrative pronouns this one/ these ones(close to the speaker) 

This (one) - singular This picture = This one is lovely. or This is lovely.



These (ones) - plural These papers = These ones here on my desk are what I need. or These here on my desk are what I need.

that / those (far from the speaker) 

That (one) - singular That TV = That one over there is very big. or That is very big.



Those (ones) - plural Those computers = Those ones in the back of the room are broken. or Those in the back of the room are broken.

Use Demonstrative adjectives

Use 'this' or 'these' as adjectives to talk about a person or an object near to the speaker: 

This computer is new.



These shoes are dirty.

Use 'that' or 'those' as adjectives to talk about a person or an object far from the speaker: 

That restaurant across the street is expensive.



Those birds in the sky are white.

Demonstrative pronouns Use demonstrative pronouns to replace an object: 

This is heavy. (This box is heavy.)



That is a good idea. (That idea is a good idea.)



I like these. (I like these pictures.)



Those are clean. (Those spoons are clean.)

Use demonstrative pronouns + one(s) to make a difference between one object and other similar objects: 

I would like this one, not that one.



I prefer these ones.



I like those ones (oranges), not these ones (oranges).



I will take that one (that apple, not the apples around it).

Use demonstrative pronouns in questions: 

What are these ones?



What is that?



Where is that one?



Why are those ones black?



Where are these?



Presentación de lenguaje: Cifras y números (3 /11) 

Situation

observar Elizabeth: texte Richard: texte

Rules Para presentar las cifras y los números Números cardinales 1: one

11: eleven

21: twenty-one

200: two hundred

2: two

12: twelve

22: twenty-two

1000: one thousand

3: three 13: thirteen 30: thirty 4: four 14: fourteen 40: forty 5: five

15: fifteen

50: fifty

6: six

16: sixteen

60: sixty

7: seven 17: seventeen 70: seventy 8: eight 18: eighteen 80: eighty 9: nine 19: nineteen 90: ninety 10: ten 20: twenty

100: one hundred

¡Cuidado con el uso del guión!

El guión se utiliza para separar las decenas de las unidades para los números comprendidos entre el 31 y el 99. Por lo tanto, con las centenas y los millares no se emplea el guión. Observa la ausencia del plural 

Two hundred (y no two hundreds) Seven thousand (y no seven thousands)

El uso de "and:" La conjunción "and" se utiliza para separar las centenas del resto del número. También se utiliza para separar los millares de las decenas y unidades. 

Six hundred and twenty



Nine thousand five hundred and seventy-two



Five thousand and one

Números ordinales 1st: first

11th: eleventh

2nd: second 12th: twelfth 3rd: third

21st: twenty-first

1000th: one thousandth

22nd: twenty-second

13th: thirteenth 30th: thirtieth

4th: fourth 14th: fourteenth 40th: fortieth 5th: fifth

15th: fifteenth

50th: fiftieth

6th: sixth

16th: sixteenth

60th: sixtieth

7th: seventh 17th: seventeenth 70th: seventieth 8th: eighth 18th: eighteenth 80th: eightieth 9th: ninth

19th: nineteenth 90th: ninetieth

10th: tenth 20th: twentieth

100th: hundredth

Los términos matemáticos Los cálculos 

Division: 4 ¸ 2 = 2 (four divided by two equals two)



Multiplication: 4 x 2 = 8 (four multiplied by two equals eight / four times two equals eight)



Subtraction: 4 - 2 = 2 (four minus two equals two)



Addition: 4 + 2 = 6 (four plus two equals six)



Presentación de gramática: How much/how many (5 /11)

Introduction We use 'How much...?' and 'How many...?' to ask questions about quantities. How much is that dress? It is $35. How much is the ticket? It is $12. How many cars do you have? I have two. How many cookies did you eat? I ate four.

Use How much...? Use 'how much' with uncountable nouns:    

How much money do you have? I have $10. How much cake is left? There are two slices left. How much bread did you buy? I bought two loaves of bread. How much are those shoes? They are $40.

How many...? Use 'how many' with countable nouns:    

How many books do you have in your bag? I have three books. How many apples would you like? I'd like four, please. How many blocks are there from your house to the supermarket? There are ten blocks. How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have two brothers and one sister.



 

Presentación de gramática: Los adverbios de frecuencia (5 /11)

Introduction We use adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often, sometimes, never) to talk about how frequently we do something. I always walk to work. We usually go to the supermarket on Maple Avenue every Thursday. I often go to the pool at lunch. Sometimes, we go to a museum on the weekend. Clara and Lenny rarely talk on the telephone. Paula never eats potato chips.

Form Frequency adverbs that go before the verb      

always We always go on vacation to Mexico. usually I usually wake up at 7:00 a.m. in the morning, even on the weekend. often We are often early for work. sometimes I sometimes eat in restaurants. rarely I rarely eat meat. never I never miss the train, but today I woke up late.

Frequency adverbs with the verb 'to be' When using the verb 'TO BE', the frequency adverb goes after the verb:   

I am usually happy. He is always in the office on Monday. They are often tired at the end of the day.

Sometimes 'Sometimes' can be at the beginning or the end of a sentence:  

Sometimes, we are late. It is sunny sometimes.

Use

Always Use 'always' to talk about something that happens frequently or something that happens 100% of the time:   

She is always late! Always lock the door when you leave. I always drink coffee for breakfast.

Usually Use 'usually' to talk about something that normally happens quite frequently or something that happens 80% of the time:   

Mary usually goes running after work, but today it's raining. The journey usually takes thirty minutes. Larry usually wears a suit to work.

Often We use 'often' to talk about something that happens many times or something that happens 60% of the time:   

I often eat lunch with my colleagues. Barney and I often go to the beach on the weekend. He often buys fresh bread from the bakery.

Sometimes We use 'sometimes' to talk about something that does not always happen or something that happens 40% of the time:   

Sometimes, the train is late. I sometimes like to eat lunch outside. I like to buy fresh fruit sometimes.

Rarely We use 'rarely' to talk about something that does not always happen or something that happens 20% of the time:   

I rarely take the bus. She is rarely sick. Jennifer rarely goes swimming.

Never

We use 'never' to talk about something that does not happen frequently or something that happens 0% of the time:   

I never drive to work. The car never has any problems. Ron never read the newspaper.

Presentación de gramática: How much/how many (5 /11)

Introduction We use 'How much...?' and 'How many...?' to ask questions about quantities. How much is that dress? It is $35. How much is the ticket? It is $12. How many cars do you have? I have two. How many cookies did you eat? I ate four.

Use How much...? Use 'how much' with uncountable nouns:    

How much money do you have? I have $10. How much cake is left? There are two slices left. How much bread did you buy? I bought two loaves of bread. How much are those shoes? They are $40.

How many...? Use 'how many' with countable nouns:    

How many books do you have in your bag? I have three books. How many apples would you like? I'd like four, please. How many blocks are there from your house to the supermarket? There are ten blocks. How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have two brothers and one sister.

Presentación de gramática: El presente simpe en la forma afirmativa (5 /12)

Introduction We use the present simple tense to talk about habits, facts and repeated actions. The present simple: I read.

Form Singular Plural I read we read you read you read she/he/it reads they read Remember: he/she/it = "s" at the end of the base form he/she/it =works NOT he/she/it work my brother works Jane works     

I read books. You play soccer. Mary works very hard. We sing together. They listen to the radio.

Spelling changes in he/she/it form -s/-sh/-ch + -s = -es   

I pass = Jane passes I finish = he finishes I search = he searches

-o + last sound is a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u) = -es  

I go = she goes I do = he does

-y + -s = -ies  

I study = she studies I try = she tries

Use

Use to talk about facts or things that are true in general:   

I like tomatoes. You live in New Jersey. They are brothers.

Use to talk about repeated actions and habits:    

I play tennis on Saturdays. You drink tea. We go to the movies every week. They walk to work everyday.

Presentación de gramática: El presente simple en la forma negativa (7 /12)

Introduction In English we use the present simple tense to talk about habits, facts and repeated actions. present simple (positive): I work. present simple (negative):I do not read = I don't work Form SINGULAR ( 1 person) I do not work/ don't work you do not work/ don't work he, she, it does not work / doesn't work

PLURAL (2 people) we do not work/ don't work you do not work/ don't work they do not work/ don't work

I, you, we, they = do + not + base form:    

I do not work. You do not live in England. Harry and I do not eat meat. Mike, Joan, and Rick do not play tennis

he, she, it = does + not +base form:   

He does not like chocolate. Sandra does not have a cat. She does not take the bus.

To make negative sentences less formal, we use contractions: do + not = don't  

I do not work. / I don't work. We do not eat meat. / We don't eat meat.

does + not = doesn't  

He does not like chocolate. / He doesn't like chocolate. Mary does not watch TV very often. Mary doesn't watch TV.

Use Use to talk about facts or things that are true in general:   

Penguins don't fly. The supermarket does not open today. The dog doesn't talk.

Use to talk about repeated actions and habits:   

I don't go to the movies regularly. We don't swim on Tuesdays. They do not take the bus.

Presentación de gramática: Would/could (5 /11)

Introduction We use 'would' and 'could' to make polite requests. Could you please bring me a glass of water? Would you prefer the window or the aisle seat? Would you be able to call me tomorrow?

Form The words 'would' and 'could' do not change.

Could could + subject      

Could I...? Could you...? Could he/she/it...? Could we...? Could you...? Could they...?

Would would + subject      

Would I...? Would you...? Would he/she/it...? Would we...? Would you...? Would they...?

Use Polite requests    

Could you close the door? Could I use your pen? Could we go to the supermarket before the cinema? Could you tell me how to get to the train station?

   

Would I be able to help? Would you bring me my book, please? Would John and Sarah like to come with me? Would we be able to come?

Offering and inviting Use 'would' to offer someone something:  

Would you like a drink? Would you like to go shopping?

Use 'would' to invite someone somewhere:  

Would he like to go to the beach today? Would you be interested in coming to my house tonight?

Would like Use 'would like' instead of 'want'. 'Would like' is more polite:  

I would like a table for four at 8:00 pm. I would like a cup of tea, please.

'Would' has a contracted form. We CANNOT say 'it'd'. I'd... You'd... He'd/She'd/It would... We'd... You'd... They'd...   

They'd like to go home now. I'd like some books about the moon, please. We'd like three sandwiches, please.

Presentación de gramática: To have (5 /11)

Introduction To have is one of the most common and important verbs in English. I have a new car. Martha has a lot of things to do.

Form - The present simple tense Affirmative Negative Question I have I do not have (don't have) Do I have ...? you have you do not have (don't have) Do you have ...? he/she/it has he/she/it does not have (doesn't have) Does he/she/it have ...? we have we do not have (don't have) Do we have ...? you have you do not have (don't have) Do you have ...? they have they do not have (don't have) Do they have ...?     

You have one apple and two oranges. She has three reports to write. They have a new baby. She doesn't have a car. They don't have any shoes in my size.

Short answers Yes, No,    

he/she/it does. I/we/you/they do. he/she/it doesn't. I/we/you/they don't. Do you have a map? Yes, I do. Does the department have a new director? Yes, it does. Does he have time to meet with me today? No, he doesn't. Do they have the tickets for the play tonight? No, they don't.

Use

Possession   

We have a dog. He has a house. I have three apples.

Food and drink     

I have breakfast at 7:00 a.m. We have lunch at 12:00 p.m. He has salad at lunch. Do they often have dinner at a restaurant? No, they don't. Do you have some water? Yes, I do.

Appearance    

She has blue eyes. We have brown hair. You have long legs. I have big hands.

Family    

You have one brother and two sisters. She has three brothers. They have seven cousins. We have twelve grandchildren.

Presentación de gramática: How much/how many (5 /12)

Introduction We use 'How much...?' and 'How many...?' to ask questions about quantities. How much is that dress? It is $35. How much is the ticket? It is $12. How many cars do you have? I have two. How many cookies did you eat? I ate four.

Use How much...? Use 'how much' with uncountable nouns:    

How much money do you have? I have $10. How much cake is left? There are two slices left. How much bread did you buy? I bought two loaves of bread. How much are those shoes? They are $40.

How many...? Use 'how many' with countable nouns:    

How many books do you have in your bag? I have three books. How many apples would you like? I'd like four, please. How many blocks are there from your house to the supermarket? There are ten blocks. How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have two brothers and one sister.

resentación de gramática: Sustantivos contables: a lot of, many y (a) few (7 /12)

Introduction A lot of, many and a few are used with countable nouns.   

A lot of means a large amount of something. A lot of people are at the concert. (800 people) Many means a large number of things or people. Many people take the subway to work in the city. (about 2 million people) A few means a small amount of something. There are only a few cookies left. (3 or 4)

a lot of Used with all types of nouns (countable and uncountable) in the positive, negative and question forms:   

A lot of people speak English. Not a lot of people like the snow. Do you usually get a lot of presents for your birthday?

a lot of + plural countable noun:    

There are a lot of houses on this street. There are a lot of changes to make. I read a lot of books. Jane takes a lot of photographs.

"Lots of" can replace "a lot of" in positive sentences and questions:  

Do you usually get lots of presents for your birthday? I have lots of friends.

Many Used with countable nouns in the positive, negative and question forms:   

Do you buy many clothes? No, I don't buy many CDs. There are many cars on the road.

"Too many" is used when there is an excess of something (often gives a negative idea): 

There are too many cars on the roads.

a few A few= some but not many a few + plural countable noun  

There are a few women in the store. (2 or 3) There are a few books on the shelf.

Few a Few (with no a) = almost no:  

There are few apples left. ( almost no apples, maybe 1) Few students like mathematics.

Don't confuse few = negative idea and a few = positive idea. Mary has a few books. (She has some but not many) Mary has few books. (She has almost none.)

We often use very and too to emphasise few:  

Very few people liked it. There are too few birds in the sky.

Presentación de gramática: El presente simple vs. el presente continuo (5 /11)

Introduction There are two present tenses in English: The simple present describes habits, facts and repeated actions. I read every day. The present continuous describes temporary situations or actions that take place at the moment of speaking . I am reading at the moment.

Form The present simple The present simple affirmative: SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) I

read

we

read

you

read

you

read

he, she, it

reads

they

read

The simple present negative: 

the verb " to do" in present simple + not + base form

SINGULAR ( 1 person)

PLURAL (2 people)

I

do not work/ don't work

we do not work/ don't work

you

do not work/ don't work

you do not work/ don't work

he, she, it does not work / doesn't work they do not work/ don't work

The present simple as a question: 

the verb " to do" in present simple + subject + base form

SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) Do I work? Do we work? Do you work?

Do you work?

Does he/she/it work?

Do they work?

The present continuous The present continuous affirmative: 

verb "to be" in the present tense + base form of the verb '-ing': SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) I am reading we are reading you

are reading

he, she, it is reading

you

are reading

they are reading

The present continuous negative: 

verb "to be" in the present tense + not + base form of the verb '-ing' SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) I

am not reading we are not reading

you

are not reading you are not reading

he, she, it is not reading

they are not reading

The present continuous as a question: 

verb "to be" in the present tense + subject + verb '-ing'

SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) Am I working?

Are we working?

Are you working?

Are you working?

Is he/she/it working?

Are they working?

Use The simple present vs. The present continuous 



Simple present facts, permanent truths Tim works in the New York office. everyday activities, habits Karen gets up at 7 o’clock every morning.





Present continuous temporary activities, events Tim is working in Los Angeles this week. activities happening now, at the moment It’s 7 o’clock. Karen is getting up (now).



ongoing, incomplete activities that happen over time Mr. Jones is learning Chinese.



future (especially near future) activities The Montreal train is leaving in 10 minutes. Are you going to Montreal next month?

Mr. Jones takes Chinese lessons. 

planned/scheduled future events The Montreal train leaves at 8:45.

Presentación de gramática: Los pronombres personales (5 /12)

Introduction We use personal pronouns to talk about people or objects without using their name. Anna spoke to Luke and Matthew. She spoke to them. Ben can't find his pen. He can't find it.

Formation Subject pronoun Object pronoun Reflexive pronoun I me myself you

you

yourself

he

him

himself

she

her

herself

it

it

itself

we

us

ourselves

you

you

yourselves

they

them

themselves

     

I give him a pen. You sent me a letter. They wash themselves. He told her a secret. We like them. She dressed herself.

Use Subject pronouns I - you - he/she/it - we - you - they

Used as the person or thing doing the action in the sentence:

  

I like Mary. We go to the beach. She has brown hair.

Object pronouns me - you - him/her - us - you - them

Used as the object of the sentence (receiver of the action):   

I see her every day. He likes me a lot. Mary calls them every month.

Used after pronouns (for/to/with, etc.):   

I gave the book to her. I gave it to her. Kate went to the movies with us. We are going to lunch with them.

Reflexive pronouns Use reflexive pronouns when we do an action to ourselves:    

He washes himself. I am teaching myself English. You dress yourself every morning. She fed herself a biscuit.

Presentación de gramática: Los adjetivos posesivos (7 /12)

Introduction Possessive adjectives show who owns an object. They agree with the person or thing that has an object. Possessive adjectives do NOT agree with the object. I like my shoes. Her house is very big.

Form Subject pronoun Possessive adjective I my you your he/she/it his/her/its we our you your they their

Use When the possessor is masculine: his  

He broke his computer. Will likes his car.

When the possessor is feminine: her  

Kate bought her apartment last year. The woman lost her glasses.

When the possessor is an object or an animal: its  

The cat hurt its leg. A tree loses its leaves in the winter.

When the possessor is 'you':

your 

You lost your book yesterday.

When there are two or more possessors: their  

Our boss and our colleagues gave us good advice. We took their advice. Cathy and Rick lost their map to the city.

The possessive adjective do NOT change if the object is singular or plural. I like my shirt. - I like my shirts. They read their book. - They read their books. She sings her song. - She sings her songs.

Introduction There are two present tenses in English: The simple present describes habits, facts and repeated actions. I read every day. The present continuous describes temporary situations or actions that take place at the moment of speaking . I am reading at the moment.

Form The present simple The present simple affirmative: SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) I

read

we

read

you

read

you

read

he, she, it

reads

they

read

The simple present negative: 

the verb " to do" in present simple + not + base form

SINGULAR ( 1 person) I do not work/ don't work

PLURAL (2 people) we do not work/ don't work

you

you do not work/ don't work

do not work/ don't work

he, she, it does not work / doesn't work they do not work/ don't work

The present simple as a question: 

the verb " to do" in present simple + subject + base form

SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) Do I work?

Do we work?

Do you work?

Do you work?

Does he/she/it work?

Do they work?

The present continuous The present continuous affirmative: 

verb "to be" in the present tense + base form of the verb '-ing': SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) I am reading we are reading you

are reading

he, she, it is reading

you

are reading

they are reading

The present continuous negative: 

verb "to be" in the present tense + not + base form of the verb '-ing' SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) I

am not reading we are not reading

you

are not reading you are not reading

he, she, it is not reading

they are not reading

The present continuous as a question: 

verb "to be" in the present tense + subject + verb '-ing'

SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) Am I working?

Are we working?

Are you working?

Are you working?

Is he/she/it working?

Are they working?

Use The simple present vs. The present continuous 



Simple present facts, permanent truths Tim works in the New York office. everyday activities, habits Karen gets up at 7 o’clock every morning.





Present continuous temporary activities, events Tim is working in Los Angeles this week. activities happening now, at the moment It’s 7 o’clock. Karen is getting up (now).



ongoing, incomplete activities that happen over time Mr. Jones is learning Chinese.



future (especially near future) activities The Montreal train is leaving in 10 minutes. Are you going to Montreal next month?

Mr. Jones takes Chinese lessons. 

planned/scheduled future events The Montreal train leaves at 8:45.

Presentación de lenguaje: Preguntar y decir la hora (9 /12) 

Situation

Rachel y Simon están hablando en el despacho de Richard. Simon: "I have an appointment at noon." Rachel: "What time is it now?" Simon: "It is ten minutes to 12."

Rules Para preguntar la hora     

Do you know what time it is? Do you have the time? What time does the post office open ? (At) what time do you usually eat lunch? Can you please tell me the time?

What time is it?

Para decir la hora Hora Expresión 12:00 am Twelve A.M. or midnight. 9:00 am Nine A.M. or nine o'clock in the morning.

10:15 am Ten fifteen A.M. or quarter past ten in the morning. 11:30 am Eleven thirty A.M. or half past eleven in the morning. 12:00 pm Twelve P.M. or noon. 3:45 pm Three forty-five P.M. or quarter to four in the afternoon. 10:40 pm Ten forty P.M. or twenty to eleven at night.

En la mayoría de países anglófonos, se utilizan los relojes de 12 horas en lugar de 24 horas. Para saber diferenciar el momento del día se emplea AM y PM. "AM" , que viene de la frase latina "ante meridiem", significa "antes del mediodía", y "PM", del latín "post meridiem", quiere decir "despues del mediodía."

Para precisar el momento del día     

It is six o' clock in the morning; it is early. It's midnight; it is late. I have a meeting at 10:00 am. It is 10:00; I am on time. I have a meeting at 10:00 am. It is 9:50 am; I am early. I have a meeting at 10:00 am. It is 10:15 am; I am late!

I'm running late!

Presentación de gramática: El presente simple en preguntas cerradas (yes/no) (5 /11)

Introduction In English, we can use the simple present tense to ask questions about habits, facts and repeated activities. Simple present: Do you read?

Form SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) Do I work? Do we work? Do you work?

Do you work?

Does he/she/it work?

Do they work?

I, you, we, they = do + subject + base form:   

Do you work? Do they play basketball? Do Ines and Julio speak English?

he, she, it = does + subject +base form:   

Does she like cheese? Does it rain in the desert? Does Tom read the newspaper?

Use Used to ask yes/ no questions about facts or things that are true in general:   

Do penguins fly? No, they don't. Does the earth go around the sun? Yes, it does. Do Mary and Peter have a car? Yes, they do.

Used to ask yes/ no questions about repeated actions and habits: 

Do you play handball? Yes, I do.

  

Does Katie read magazines? Yes, she does. Do they like carrots? No, they don't. Does he swim? No, he doesn't.

Presentación de gramática: Los adjetivos posesivos (5 /11)

Introduction Possessive adjectives show who owns an object. They agree with the person or thing that has an object. Possessive adjectives do NOT agree with the object. I like my shoes. Her house is very big.

Form Subject pronoun Possessive adjective I my you your he/she/it his/her/its we our you your they their

Use When the possessor is masculine: his  

He broke his computer. Will likes his car.

When the possessor is feminine: her  

Kate bought her apartment last year. The woman lost her glasses.

When the possessor is an object or an animal: its  

The cat hurt its leg. A tree loses its leaves in the winter.

When the possessor is 'you':

your 

You lost your book yesterday.

When there are two or more possessors: their  

Our boss and our colleagues gave us good advice. We took their advice. Cathy and Rick lost their map to the city.

The possessive adjective do NOT change if the object is singular or plural. I like my shirt. - I like my shirts. They read their book. - They read their books. She sings her song. - She sings her songs.

Presentación de gramática: El pasado simple (5 /12)

Introduction The past simple is used to describe finished actions in the past. I walked to school. I climbed a mountain. They tried a new restaurant for lunch.

Form Regular verbs To form the past simple, add '-ed' to the base form: Singular Plural I cooked we cooked you cooked you cooked she/he/itcooked they cooked    

We watched TV last night. The movie started late. It rained yesterday. Peter and Tom worked on the train.

If the verb ends in 'e', add 'd': 

arrive = They arrived late to the meeting.



shave = Joe shaved this morning.

If the verb ends in 'y', remove the 'y'and add '-ied': 

study = The teenagers studied for the exam.



carry = I carried my luggage to the hotel room.

If the verb ends in vowel + a consonant, the consonant at the end is doubled:   

stop = The car stopped at the red light. plan = We planned a party. wrap = She wrapped the children's presents for Christmas.

Uses We use the past simple to describe a finished action in the past:       

I baked a cake yesterday. They visited a museum in New York last week. Bill lived in London for three years. I started a new job last year. Mary and I played soccer on the weekend. The play finished at 11:00 p.m. I cried when I watched the movie last night.

Presentación de gramática: El pasado simple de los verbos irregulares (7 /12)

Introduction To put regular verbs in the past simple, add '-ed' to the end. Irregular verbs do not end in '-ed' in the past simple, but change in different ways. I bit the apple. She bought milk at the store. They told us a story.

Form To be Singular Plural I was we were you were you were she/he/it was they were     

I was late to work today. You were on vacation last month during the meeting. Lily was sick yesterday. Nancy and I were the first ones at work today. Marcus and Will were in Spain last week.

Other common irregular verbs Base form past simple eat ate go

went

see

saw

buy

bought

take

took

begin

began

have

had

tell

told

       

eat = I ate my breakfast at home this morning. go = They went to the hospital to see the baby. see = I saw the movie last week. buy = She bought a new dress for the party. take = He took a slice of cake. begin = I began my new job last Monday. have = They had a great trip. tell = She told me a story.

Use We use the past simple to talk about actions in the past:    

The movie began at 7:00 p.m. I took a large suitcase on vacation for my souvenirs. We ate dinner in a restaurant yesterday for my birthday. She went to the supermarket last week.

Presentación de gramática: El pasado simple en preguntas cerradas (yes/no) (5 /11)

Introduction We can use the simple past to ask questions and give answers about the past: Did you go? No, I didn't go. Did she travel by train? Yes, she traveled by train. Did he invent the airplane? Yes, he invented the airplane.

The simple past Form Simple past - questions: 

did + subject +base form Subject Base form I play you

speak

he

read

Did... she

   

listen

it

close

we

marry

they

work

?

Did he go to the cinema? Did you talk to my parents? Did they reply to your email? Did she wait at the airport?

Specific simple past questions:



What/How/Where/When/Why + did + subject + infinitive Personal pronoun base form I say

    

What

you

answer

How

he

walk

Where did she

return

When

it

take

Why

we

bring

they

talk

?

What did you bring for the party? How did you walk 5 kilometres? Where did he put the parcel? When did you return from vacation? Why did you take a taxi?

Simple past responses: Personal pronoun Positive Negative I Yes, you did. No, you didn't. you

Yes, I did.

No, I didn't.

he

Yes, he did.

No, he didn't.

she

Yes, she did. No, she didn't.

it

  

Yes, it did.

No, it didn't.

we

Yes, we did. No, we didn't.

they

Yes, they did. No, they didn't.

Did you buy a house? Yes, we did. Did they live in New Jersey? No, they didn't. Did you sleep well in the guest room? Yes, I did.



Did he stay in the Grand Hotel? No, he didn't.

Use Use the simple past to ask and reply to closed questions:    

Did you go to the park? Yes, I did. Did he buy the newspaper? No, I didn't. Did they celebrate Thanksgiving? Yes, they did. Did you walk the dog? Yes, I did.

Use a question word with the simple past to ask for more information:   

What did you buy at the store? I bought eggs and milk. Where did you go on your vacation? I went to California. When did get home? I got home at 7 p.m.

Presentación de gramática: Las preguntas con Wh-: who, what, when, where y why (5 /12)

Introduction We use who, what, when, where, and why when we talk about people and things: Who is your favorite actor? Who is playing soccer tonight? What are you reading? When does the store close? Where are they going tonight? Why are you here?

Use Who Use 'who' for people:   

Who is the manager? Who is coming to the party? Who is taller, Sarah or Emily?

What Use 'what' for objects and things:   

What is your name? What color is your car? What do you prefer?

When Use 'when' to talk about time:   

When are you leaving? When is the train coming? When are you going on vacation?

Where Use 'where' to talk about a place:  

Where is Tina going? Where do you live?



Where is the bank?

Why Use 'why' to talk about a reason for something:   

Why are you laughing? Because it's funny! Why are you selling your car? Why are you leaving early?

Presentación de lenguaje: Presentarse uno mismo (8 /12)

Situation

Elizabeth, Simon, Sandra y Richard se presentan. Elizabeth: "Good morning! I'm Elizabeth Smith. What's your name?" Simon: "Nice to meet you! I'm Simon Ricci." Elizabeth: "Ricci? Where are you from, Italy ?" Simon: "My family is Italian. I was born in Rome, but raised in Sydney." Sandra: "Good morning Sir! I'm Sandra Martinez." Richard: "Hi Sandra. Welcome! I am Richard Porter, the CEO."

Rules Para dar y pedir información personal        

Preguntas What is your name? Where are you from? Do you speak English? How old are you? What is your profession? Where do you live? Are you married? or Single? or Divorced? Do you have children?

El estado civil

       

Respuestas I'm Kristen Murray / My name is Kristen Murray. I'm from New York. Yes, I do. I'm 38 years old. I'm an advertising executive. I live in London. I am married / single / divorced. Yes, I have three children.

   

I am married. I am single. I am divorced. I am widowed.

Para hablar del origen o procedencia: Las nacionalidades            

I was born in Ireland. I'm Irish. I was born in Mexico. I'm Mexican. I was born in France. I'm French. I was born in Italy. I'm Italian. I was born in England. I'm English. I was born in Germany. I'm German. I was born in Spain. I'm Spanish. I was born in Canada. I'm Canadian. I was born in Portugal. I'm Portuguese. I was born in Japan. I'm Japanese. I was born in Holland. I'm Dutch. I was born in the USA. I'm American.

¡Cuidado! En inglés, los adjetivos de nacionalidades se escriben siempre con mayúscula. 

I'm Chinese / I'm Scottish / I'm Russian.

Presentación de gramática: El presente simple en preguntas cerradas (yes/no) (5 /12)

Introduction In English, we can use the simple present tense to ask questions about habits, facts and repeated activities. Simple present: Do you read?

Form SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) Do I work?

Do we work?

Do you work?

Do you work?

Does he/she/it work?

Do they work?

I, you, we, they = do + subject + base form:   

Do you work? Do they play basketball? Do Ines and Julio speak English?

he, she, it = does + subject +base form:   

Does she like cheese? Does it rain in the desert? Does Tom read the newspaper?

Use Used to ask yes/ no questions about facts or things that are true in general:   

Do penguins fly? No, they don't. Does the earth go around the sun? Yes, it does. Do Mary and Peter have a car? Yes, they do.

Used to ask yes/ no questions about repeated actions and habits:    

Do you play handball? Yes, I do. Does Katie read magazines? Yes, she does. Do they like carrots? No, they don't. Does he swim? No, he doesn't.

Presentación de gramática: Las preguntas con Wh-: who, what, when, where y why (7 /12)

Introduction We use who, what, when, where, and why when we talk about people and things: Who is your favorite actor? Who is playing soccer tonight? What are you reading? When does the store close? Where are they going tonight? Why are you here?

Use Who Use 'who' for people:   

Who is the manager? Who is coming to the party? Who is taller, Sarah or Emily?

What Use 'what' for objects and things:   

What is your name? What color is your car? What do you prefer?

When Use 'when' to talk about time:   

When are you leaving? When is the train coming? When are you going on vacation?

Where Use 'where' to talk about a place:  

Where is Tina going? Where do you live?



Where is the bank?

Why Use 'why' to talk about a reason for something:   

Why are you laughing? Because it's funny! Why are you selling your car? Why are you leaving early?

Presentación de gramática: To be (5 /12)

Introduction To be is one of the most common and important verbs in English. I am late. Jane and Mike are at the movies. We are going on a trip.

Form The present simple tense Affirmative I am (I'm) you are (you're) he/she/it is (he's/she's/it's) we are (we're) you are (you're) they are (they're)       

Questions I am not (I'm not) Am I... ? you are not (you're not or you aren't) Are you... ? he/she/it is not (he's/she's/it's not or he/she/it Is he/she/it... isn't) ? we are not (we're not or we aren't) Are we... ? you are not (you're not or you aren't) Are you... ? they are not (they're not or they aren't) Are they... ?

I am late. Jane is tall. Peter and Richard are early for the train. Lauren and I are in the same team at work. I'm not angry. She's not hungry. They aren't from New Zealand.

Short answers I am. Yes, he/she/it is. we/you/they are. I'm not No, he/she/it isn't. we/you/they aren't. 

Negative

Are you from the United States? Yes, I am.

  

Are they teachers? Yes, they are. Is John a doctor? No, he isn't. Are Paul and Mary ready for their trip? No, they aren't.

The past tense Affirmative Negative Questions I was not (wasn't) I was Was I... ? you are not (weren't) you were Were you... ? he/she/it was he/she/it was not (wasn't) Was he/she/it... ? we were not (weren't) we were Were we... ? you were not (weren't) Were you... ? you were they were not (weren't) Were they... ? they were       

I was late for my train yesterday. Anna was sick last week. They were tired after the long day. Joey and I were thirsty after swimming. I wasn't at the party last night. She wasn't on vacation las month.. They weren't from New Zealand.

Short answers Yes, No,    

I/he/she/it was. we/you/they were. I/he/she/it wasn't. we/you/they weren't. Were you at the conference in June? Yes, I was. Were they on the late flight? Yes, they were. Was the hotel comfortable? No, it wasn't. Were Rita and Julie at work yesterday? No, they weren't.

Use Existence

  

There is a man in the garden. There will be a party tonight. There were four books on the shelf.

Sensation, a feeling or a state of mind    

I'm hot. She's thirsty. We're hungry. They're cold.

Talking about yourself and others     

I am Fred. You are 31 years old. Richard is a nice man. They are doctors. We are happy.

Auxiliary verb Use as the auxiliary verb when forming the present continuous:     

I am going to go on vacation next week. You are going to plan the next office party. Bill is going to take the next train. We are going to be late. Fred and Harry aren't going to come to the conference next month.

Introduction When we talk about one object, we use 'a' or 'an'. When we talk about more than one object, we do not use 'a' or 'an'.   

a girl: girls a banana: bananas a cat: cats

Form 'A' We use 'a' before a word beginning with a consonant or a consonant sound and before y:    

a mountain a giraffe a watch a year

We use 'a' before a word with an aspirated h:   

a hero a house a hotel

We use 'a' before a word whose first syllable is pronounced [yu]:   

a uniform a university a European

'An' We use 'an' before a word beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or a vowel sound:   

an animal an orange an accident

We use 'an' before a mute h:  

an hour an honest man



an heir

Uses We use 'a' and 'an' to talk about 1 person or thing:   

I have a dog. I live in an apartment. There is a police car outside.

We use 'a' and 'an' to say what a thing or person is:   

Baseball is a sport. A cat is an animal. My boss is a nice person.

We use 'a' and 'an' in front of jobs:    

He is a doctor. I am an engineer. She is a secretary. He is an electrician.

Presentación de gramática: There is/there are (5 /11)

Introduction To have is one of the most common and important verbs in English. I have a new car. Martha has a lot of things to do.

Form Present Tense Negative

Affirmative

Question

I have

I do not have ( don't have)

Do I have ... ?

you have

you do not have (don't have)

Do you have ... ?

he/she/it has he/she/it does not have (doesn't have) Does he/she/it have ...? we have

we do not have (don't have)

Do we have ...?

you have

you do not have (don't have)

Do you have ...?

they have

they do not have (don't have)

Do they have ...?

    

You have one apple and two oranges. She has three reports due on Friday. They have a new baby. She doesn't have a car. They don't have any shoes in my size.

Short answers he/she/it does. Yes, I/we/you/they do. he/she/it doesn't. No, I/we/you/they don't. 

Do you have a map? Yes, I do.

  

Does the department have a new director? Yes, it does. Does he have time to meet with me today? No, he doesn't. Do they have the tickets for the play tonight? No, they don't.

Past tense I you Affirmative he/she/it had we they I you Negative

he/she/it did not have (didn't have) we they I you

Questions Did

   

he/she/it we they

have...?

You had a meeting last Friday. We had a great time at the event. She didn't have any pets when she was young. They didn't have enough time to talk about the next project.

Short answers Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they did. No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they didn't.   

Did you have enough money to buy the tickets? Yes, I did. Did they have dinner in a restaurant? Yes, they did. Did the package have the right address? No, it didn't.



Did Jane and Harry go to the meeting? No, they didn't.

Have got British English often uses the form "have got" instead of "have". This is not common in American English. Present Tense

I you Affirmative we they

Negative

have got ('ve got)

he/she/it

has got ('s got)

I you we they

have not got (haven't got)

he/she/it

has not got (hasn't got)

I you Have/Haven't we Questions they Has/Hasn't     

he/she/it

You have got one apple and two oranges. She has got three reports due on Friday. They have got a new baby. She hasn't got a car. They haven't got any shoes in my size.

Short answers he/she/it has. Yes, I/we/you/they have. he/she/it hasn't. No, I/we/you/they haven't.

got...?

got...?

   

Have you got a map. Yes, I have. Has he got any time to meet with me today? Yes, he has. Hasn't he got seven cousins? No, he hasn't. Haven't they got a dog? No, they haven't.

Use Possession   

We have a dog. He has a house. I have three apples.

We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to describe possession. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form:   

I've got a new computer. I haven't got a DVD player. Has he got my letter?

Food and drink      

I have breakfast at 7:00 a.m. We have lunch at 12:00 p.m. He has salad at lunch. Do they often have dinner at a restaurant? No, they don't. Have you got a drink? Do you have some water? Yes, I do.

Appearance    

She has blue eyes. We have brown hair. You have long legs. I have big hands. We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to talk about appearance. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form: o o

She's got blue eyes. We've got brown hair.

Family    

You have one brother and two sisters. She has got three brothers. They have seven cousins. We have got twelve grandchildren.

We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to talk about family. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form: o o

I've got one brother and two sisters. I haven't got any cousins. My mother was an only child.

Presentación de gramática: El presente simple en la forma afirmativa (5 /11)

Introducción Utilizamos el presente simple para describir costumbres, hechos y acciones habituales. I play. (Yo juego.)

Forma Singular Plural I play (yo juego) we play (nosotros/as jugamos) you play (tú juegas - usted juega) you play (vosotras/as jugáis – ustedes juegan) she/he/it plays (ella/él/ello juega) they play (ellos/as juegan) Recuerda: he/she/it = "s" al final de la forma de base del verbo he/she/it = works; NO he/she/it work my brother works (mi hermano trabaja) Jane works (Jane trabaja)     

I read books. (Yo leo libros.) You play soccer. (Tú juegas al fútbol.) Mary works very hard. (Mary trabaja muy duro.) We sing together. (Nosotros cantamos juntos.) They listen to the radio. (Ellos escuchan la radio.)

Cambios ortográficos en la forma de he/she/it -o/-s/-sh/-ch/-x/-z = se añade -es o o o o o o o

I go - she goes (yo voy – ella va) I pass - Jane passes (yo apruebo - Jane aprueba) I finish - he finishes (yo termino - él termina) I search - he searches (yo busco - él busca) I mix – it mixes (yo mezco - mezcla) I quiz – she quizzes (yo examino - ella examina) I do - he does (yo hago – ella hace)

consonante + -y = se suprime la -y para añadir -ies o o

I study - she studies (yo estudio – ella estudia) I try - she tries (yo intento – ella intenta)

vocal + -y = se añade -s o

I play - she plays (yo juego – ella juega)

o

I say - she says (yo digo – ella dice)

Usos Se utiliza para describir hechos o cosas que generalmente son verdaderas:   

I like tomatoes. (Me gustan los tomates.) You live in New Jersey. (Vives en Nueva Jersey.) They are brothers. (Son hermanos.)

Se utiliza para describir acciones habituales y costumbres:    

I play tennis on Saturdays. (Yo juego al tenis los sábados.) You drink tea. (Tú bebes té.) We go to the movies every week. (Nosotros vamos al cine cada semana.) They walk to work every day. (Ellos van andando al trabajo todos los días.)

Presentación de lenguaje: Cifras y números (3 /12) 

Situation

observar Elizabeth: texte Richard: texte

Rules Para presentar las cifras y los números Números cardinales 1: one

11: eleven

21: twenty-one

200: two hundred

2: two

12: twelve

22: twenty-two

1000: one thousand

3: three 13: thirteen 30: thirty 4: four 14: fourteen 40: forty 5: five

15: fifteen

50: fifty

6: six

16: sixteen

60: sixty

7: seven 17: seventeen 70: seventy 8: eight 18: eighteen 80: eighty

9: nine 19: nineteen 90: ninety 10: ten 20: twenty

100: one hundred

¡Cuidado con el uso del guión! El guión se utiliza para separar las decenas de las unidades para los números comprendidos entre el 31 y el 99. Por lo tanto, con las centenas y los millares no se emplea el guión. Observa la ausencia del plural 

Two hundred (y no two hundreds) Seven thousand (y no seven thousands)

El uso de "and:" La conjunción "and" se utiliza para separar las centenas del resto del número. También se utiliza para separar los millares de las decenas y unidades.   

Six hundred and twenty Nine thousand five hundred and seventy-two Five thousand and one

Números ordinales 1st: first

11th: eleventh

2nd: second 12th: twelfth 3rd: third

21st: twenty-first 22nd: twenty-second

13th: thirteenth 30th: thirtieth

4th: fourth 14th: fourteenth 40th: fortieth 5th: fifth

15th: fifteenth

50th: fiftieth

6th: sixth

16th: sixteenth

60th: sixtieth

7th: seventh 17th: seventeenth 70th: seventieth 8th: eighth 18th: eighteenth 80th: eightieth 9th: ninth

19th: nineteenth 90th: ninetieth

10th: tenth 20th: twentieth

100th: hundredth

Los términos matemáticos

1000th: one thousandth

Los cálculos    

Division: 4 ¸ 2 = 2 (four divided by two equals two) Multiplication: 4 x 2 = 8 (four multiplied by two equals eight / four times two equals eight) Subtraction: 4 - 2 = 2 (four minus two equals two) Addition: 4 + 2 = 6 (four plus two equals six)

Presentación de gramática: Las preguntas con Wh-: who, what, when, where y why (5 /12)

Introduction We use who, what, when, where, and why when we talk about people and things: Who is your favorite actor? Who is playing soccer tonight? What are you reading? When does the store close? Where are they going tonight? Why are you here?

Use Who Use 'who' for people:   

Who is the manager? Who is coming to the party? Who is taller, Sarah or Emily?

What Use 'what' for objects and things:   

What is your name? What color is your car? What do you prefer?

When Use 'when' to talk about time:  

When are you leaving? When is the train coming?



When are you going on vacation?

Where Use 'where' to talk about a place:   

Where is Tina going? Where do you live? Where is the bank?

Why Use 'why' to talk about a reason for something:   

Why are you laughing? Because it's funny! Why are you selling your car? Why are you leaving early?

Presentación de gramática: To be (7 /12)

Introduction To be is one of the most common and important verbs in English. I am late. Jane and Mike are at the movies. We are going on a trip.

Form The present simple tense Affirmative I am (I'm) you are (you're) he/she/it is (he's/she's/it's) we are (we're) you are (you're) they are (they're)       

Questions I am not (I'm not) Am I... ? you are not (you're not or you aren't) Are you... ? he/she/it is not (he's/she's/it's not or he/she/it Is he/she/it... isn't) ? we are not (we're not or we aren't) Are we... ? you are not (you're not or you aren't) Are you... ? they are not (they're not or they aren't) Are they... ?

I am late. Jane is tall. Peter and Richard are early for the train. Lauren and I are in the same team at work. I'm not angry. She's not hungry. They aren't from New Zealand.

Short answers I am. Yes, he/she/it is. we/you/they are. I'm not No, he/she/it isn't. we/you/they aren't. 

Negative

Are you from the United States? Yes, I am.

  

Are they teachers? Yes, they are. Is John a doctor? No, he isn't. Are Paul and Mary ready for their trip? No, they aren't.

The past tense Affirmative Negative Questions I was not (wasn't) I was Was I... ? you are not (weren't) you were Were you... ? he/she/it was he/she/it was not (wasn't) Was he/she/it... ? we were not (weren't) we were Were we... ? you were not (weren't) Were you... ? you were they were not (weren't) Were they... ? they were       

I was late for my train yesterday. Anna was sick last week. They were tired after the long day. Joey and I were thirsty after swimming. I wasn't at the party last night. She wasn't on vacation las month.. They weren't from New Zealand.

Short answers Yes, No,    

I/he/she/it was. we/you/they were. I/he/she/it wasn't. we/you/they weren't. Were you at the conference in June? Yes, I was. Were they on the late flight? Yes, they were. Was the hotel comfortable? No, it wasn't. Were Rita and Julie at work yesterday? No, they weren't.

Use Existence

  

There is a man in the garden. There will be a party tonight. There were four books on the shelf.

Sensation, a feeling or a state of mind    

I'm hot. She's thirsty. We're hungry. They're cold.

Talking about yourself and others     

I am Fred. You are 31 years old. Richard is a nice man. They are doctors. We are happy.

Auxiliary verb Use as the auxiliary verb when forming the present continuous:     

I am going to go on vacation next week. You are going to plan the next office party. Bill is going to take the next train. We are going to be late. Fred and Harry aren't going to come to the conference next month.

Presentación de gramática: Las preposiciones de tiempo (5 /12)

Introduction Use 'on' and 'in' to talk about moments in time: I work on Wednesdays. My birthday is in September. I have an appointment on December1st. I buy my Christmas presents in December.

Uses In Use 'in' to talk about long periods of time.

Use 'in' to talk about months:   

My birthday is in July. The new year starts in January. The baby is due in March.

Use 'in' to talk about seasons:   

I like to go skiing in winter. Trees loose their leaves in fall. In the summer, I live in my countryhouse.

Use 'in' to talk about years:   

She became manager in 2008. Elizabeth II became Queen in 1953. I am moving to France in 2014.

Use 'in' to talk about times of day:   

I start work in the morning. I see friends in the evening. The concert begins at 1:00 p.m. in the afternoon.

On Use 'on' to talk about a day or date:       

I start work early on Monday. The party is on Sunday, June 1st. She has a doctor's appointment on Friday. We are moving on March 22nd. I have a meeting on Tuesday afternoon. On Saturday evenings, I go to the movies. We do not work on the weekend. (AmE) We do not work at the weekend. (BrE)

Presentación de gramática: Can (7 /12)

Introduction The verb 'can' describes someones capabilities or the things they are able to do. Paul can play the piano. Joan can't come to the meeting. She is busy. Can I come late to work? I have a doctor's appointment.

Formation Can Affirmative Negative I can I cannot/can't

Questions can I...?

you can

can you...?

you cannot/can't

he/she/it can he/she/it cannot/can't can he/she/it...? we can

we cannot/can't

can we...?

you can

you cannot/can't

can you...?

they can

they cannot/can't

can they...?

can + base form of the verb      

I can speak French. You can go on vacation in August. He can ride in the front seat. We can cook dinner together. Can you go to the store this afternoon? They can't find the file.

Could The past tense form of can is could or could not/couldn't:  

When I was young, I could swim very fast. Las night, I couldn't find my cell phone.

Use

Ability Use to explain something that a person or thing is able to do:   

I can swim. She can speak Portuguese. We can play the guitar.

  

Can she use a computer? Can she cook? Can he play soccer?

  

I can't fix the computer. He can't understand you. They can't ski.

Possibility Use to explain that something is possible to do:    

We can take a vacation in May. It can be cold in the winter. Can we take a bus to the station? Can you open that window?

Permission Use to ask for permission:   

Can we come to your party? Can I have a slice of cake? Can I go home?

Use to give permission:   

You can leave early. They can go home. He can have the day off.

Polite requests Use could to ask for something politely:   

Could you please pass me the salt? Could I borrow your umbrella? Could I speak to Tony, please?

Presentación de gramática: Las preguntas con Wh-: who, what, when, where y why (5 /12)

Introduction We use who, what, when, where, and why when we talk about people and things: Who is your favorite actor? Who is playing soccer tonight? What are you reading? When does the store close? Where are they going tonight? Why are you here?

Use Who Use 'who' for people:   

Who is the manager? Who is coming to the party? Who is taller, Sarah or Emily?

What Use 'what' for objects and things:   

What is your name? What color is your car? What do you prefer?

When Use 'when' to talk about time:   

When are you leaving? When is the train coming? When are you going on vacation?

Where Use 'where' to talk about a place:  

Where is Tina going? Where do you live?



Where is the bank?

Why Use 'why' to talk about a reason for something:   

Why are you laughing? Because it's funny! Why are you selling your car? Why are you leaving early?

Presentación de gramática: El presente simple en preguntas cerradas (yes/no) (7 /12)

Introduction In English, we can use the simple present tense to ask questions about habits, facts and repeated activities. Simple present: Do you read?

Form SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) Do I work?

Do we work?

Do you work?

Do you work?

Does he/she/it work?

Do they work?

I, you, we, they = do + subject + base form:   

Do you work? Do they play basketball? Do Ines and Julio speak English?

he, she, it = does + subject +base form:   

Does she like cheese? Does it rain in the desert? Does Tom read the newspaper?

Use Used to ask yes/ no questions about facts or things that are true in general:

  

Do penguins fly? No, they don't. Does the earth go around the sun? Yes, it does. Do Mary and Peter have a car? Yes, they do.

Used to ask yes/ no questions about repeated actions and habits:    

Do you play handball? Yes, I do. Does Katie read magazines? Yes, she does. Do they like carrots? No, they don't. Does he swim? No, he doesn't.

Presentación de gramática: Las preposiciones de tiempo (5 /13)

Introduction Use 'on' and 'in' to talk about moments in time: I work on Wednesdays. My birthday is in September. I have an appointment on December1st. I buy my Christmas presents in December.

Uses In Use 'in' to talk about long periods of time. Use 'in' to talk about months:   

My birthday is in July. The new year starts in January. The baby is due in March.

Use 'in' to talk about seasons:   

I like to go skiing in winter. Trees loose their leaves in fall. In the summer, I live in my countryhouse.

Use 'in' to talk about years:   

She became manager in 2008. Elizabeth II became Queen in 1953. I am moving to France in 2014.

Use 'in' to talk about times of day:   

I start work in the morning. I see friends in the evening. The concert begins at 1:00 p.m. in the afternoon.

On Use 'on' to talk about a day or date:       

I start work early on Monday. The party is on Sunday, June 1st. She has a doctor's appointment on Friday. We are moving on March 22nd. I have a meeting on Tuesday afternoon. On Saturday evenings, I go to the movies. We do not work on the weekend. (AmE) We do not work at the weekend. (BrE)

Presentación de gramática: Las preposiciones de lugar y de movimiento (7 /13)

Introduction Use prepositions of place in, on, under to say where someone or something is: The shoes are in the closet. The money is on the table. The cat is under the table. I live in Los Angeles. Use the preposition to to say where something moved: The woman drove to the grocery store.

Uses In Use in to talk about a real or imaginary place or an enclosed space: 

She's in the swimming pool.

   

The jam is in the jar. Emma is in the living room. I work in a school. The Queen lives in a palace.

Use in to talk about locations (towns, countries, areas etc.):      

I am in Paris. I live in the countryside. She is in Spain on vacation. We are in the city center. Are you in London? I live in the United States.

On Use on to talk about a place, a surface, or when giving directions:      

The pizza is on the table. The keys are on the shelf. I live on the first floor. Her office is on the left. I'm sitting on the couch. We are on the bus.

Under Use under to talk about something being physically below something else:     

Your shoes are under the table. We hide treasure under an X. The river flows under the bridge. I am reading under a tree. Under my sweater, I am wearing a shirt.

To Use to with verbs which show movement to a place: o o o o o o o o

I go to work by car. I need to go to the supermarket. I walk from my house to school everyday. Can I come to your house? I need a taxi to the airport. Can you tell me how to get to the hospital? I go to bed at 11:00 p.m. She is going to London for the holidays.

Presentación de lenguaje: Preguntar y decir la hora (10 /13) 

Situation

Rachel y Simon están hablando en el despacho de Richard. Simon: "I have an appointment at noon." Rachel: "What time is it now?" Simon: "It is ten minutes to 12."

Rules Para preguntar la hora     

Do you know what time it is? Do you have the time? What time does the post office open ? (At) what time do you usually eat lunch? Can you please tell me the time?

What time is it?

Para decir la hora Hora Expresión 12:00 am Twelve A.M. or midnight. 9:00 am Nine A.M. or nine o'clock in the morning.

10:15 am Ten fifteen A.M. or quarter past ten in the morning. 11:30 am Eleven thirty A.M. or half past eleven in the morning. 12:00 pm Twelve P.M. or noon. 3:45 pm Three forty-five P.M. or quarter to four in the afternoon. 10:40 pm Ten forty P.M. or twenty to eleven at night.

En la mayoría de países anglófonos, se utilizan los relojes de 12 horas en lugar de 24 horas. Para saber diferenciar el momento del día se emplea AM y PM. "AM" , que viene de la frase latina "ante meridiem", significa "antes del mediodía", y "PM", del latín "post meridiem", quiere decir "despues del mediodía."

Para precisar el momento del día     

It is six o' clock in the morning; it is early. It's midnight; it is late. I have a meeting at 10:00 am. It is 10:00; I am on time. I have a meeting at 10:00 am. It is 9:50 am; I am early. I have a meeting at 10:00 am. It is 10:15 am; I am late!

I'm running late!

Introduction We use 'How much...?' and 'How many...?' to ask questions about quantities. How much is that dress? It is $35. How much is the ticket? It is $12. How many cars do you have? I have two. How many cookies did you eat? I ate four.

Use How much...? Use 'how much' with uncountable nouns:    

How much money do you have? I have $10. How much cake is left? There are two slices left. How much bread did you buy? I bought two loaves of bread. How much are those shoes? They are $40.

How many...? Use 'how many' with countable nouns:    

How many books do you have in your bag? I have three books. How many apples would you like? I'd like four, please. How many blocks are there from your house to the supermarket? There are ten blocks. How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have two brothers and one sister.

Presentación de gramática: El presente simpe en la forma afirmativa (7 /13)

Introduction We use the present simple tense to talk about habits, facts and repeated actions. The present simple: I read.

Form Singular Plural I read we read you read you read she/he/it reads they read Remember: he/she/it = "s" at the end of the base form he/she/it =works NOT he/she/it work my brother works Jane works     

I read books. You play soccer. Mary works very hard. We sing together. They listen to the radio.

Spelling changes in he/she/it form -s/-sh/-ch + -s = -es   

I pass = Jane passes I finish = he finishes I search = he searches

-o + last sound is a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u) = -es  

I go = she goes I do = he does

-y + -s = -ies  

I study = she studies I try = she tries

Use

Use to talk about facts or things that are true in general:   

I like tomatoes. You live in New Jersey. They are brothers.

Use to talk about repeated actions and habits:    

I play tennis on Saturdays. You drink tea. We go to the movies every week. They walk to work everyday.

Presentación de gramática: El presente simple en la forma negativa (8 /13)

Introduction In English we use the present simple tense to talk about habits, facts and repeated actions. present simple (positive): I work. present simple (negative):I do not read = I don't work

Form SINGULAR ( 1 person) PLURAL (2 people) I do not work/ don't work we do not work/ don't work you do not work/ don't work you do not work/ don't work he, she, it does not work / doesn't work they do not work/ don't work

I, you, we, they = do + not + base form:    

I do not work. You do not live in England. Harry and I do not eat meat. Mike, Joan, and Rick do not play tennis

he, she, it = does + not +base form:   

He does not like chocolate. Sandra does not have a cat. She does not take the bus.

To make negative sentences less formal, we use contractions: do + not = don't

 

I do not work. / I don't work. We do not eat meat. / We don't eat meat.

does + not = doesn't  

He does not like chocolate. / He doesn't like chocolate. Mary does not watch TV very often. Mary doesn't watch TV.

Use Use to talk about facts or things that are true in general:   

Penguins don't fly. The supermarket does not open today. The dog doesn't talk.

Use to talk about repeated actions and habits:   

I don't go to the movies regularly. We don't swim on Tuesdays. They do not take the bus.

Presentación de gramática: Las preguntas con Wh-: who, what, when, where y why (5 /12)

Introduction We use who, what, when, where, and why when we talk about people and things: Who is your favorite actor? Who is playing soccer tonight? What are you reading? When does the store close? Where are they going tonight? Why are you here?

Use Who Use 'who' for people:   

Who is the manager? Who is coming to the party? Who is taller, Sarah or Emily?

What Use 'what' for objects and things:   

What is your name? What color is your car? What do you prefer?

When Use 'when' to talk about time:   

When are you leaving? When is the train coming? When are you going on vacation?

Where Use 'where' to talk about a place: 

Where is Tina going?

 

Where do you live? Where is the bank?

Why Use 'why' to talk about a reason for something:   

Why are you laughing? Because it's funny! Why are you selling your car? Why are you leaving early?

Presentación de gramática: El presente simple en preguntas cerradas (yes/no) (7 /12)

Introducción En inglés, podemos utilizar el presente simple para preguntar sobre costumbres, hechos y acciones habituales. Do you read? (¿Tú lees?)

Forma SINGULAR

PLURAL

Do I work?

Do we work?

Do you work?

Do you work?

Does he/she/it work? Do they work?

I, you, we, they: do + sujeto + forma de base:   

Do you work? (¿Trabajas?) Do they play basketball? (¿Juegan al baloncesto?) Do Ines and Julio speak English? (¿Inés y Julio hablan inglés?)

he, she, it: does + sujeto + forma de base:   

Does she like cheese? (¿A ella le gusta el queso?) Does it rain in the desert? (¿Llueve en el desierto?) Does Tom read the newspaper? (¿Lee Tom el periódico?)

Usos

Se utiliza para hacer preguntas cerradas (yes/no) sobre hechos o cosas que generalmente son verdaderas:   

Do penguins fly? (¿Los pingüinos vuelan?) No, they don't. (No, no vuelan.) Does the earth go around the sun? (¿La Tierra gira alrededor del sol?) Yes, it does. (Sí, la Tierra gira alrededor del sol.) Do Mary and Peter have a car? (¿Tienen Mary y Peter un coche?) Yes, they do. (Sí, tienen un coche.)

Se utiliza para hacer preguntas cerradas (yes/no) sobre acciones habituales y hábitos o costumbres:    

Do you play handball? (¿Juegas al balonmano?) Yes, I do. (Sí, juego al balonmano.) Does Katie read magazines? (¿Lee Katie revistas?) Yes, she does. (Sí, lee revistas.) Do they like carrots? (¿A ellos les gustan las zanahorias?) No, they don't. (No, no les gustan.) Does he swim? (¿él nada?) No, he doesn't. (No, no nada.)

Presentación de gramática: Las preposiciones de tiempo (5 /11)

Introduction Use 'on' and 'in' to talk about moments in time: I work on Wednesdays. My birthday is in September. I have an appointment on December1st. I buy my Christmas presents in December.

Uses In Use 'in' to talk about long periods of time. Use 'in' to talk about months:   

My birthday is in July. The new year starts in January. The baby is due in March.

Use 'in' to talk about seasons:

  

I like to go skiing in winter. Trees loose their leaves in fall. In the summer, I live in my countryhouse.

Use 'in' to talk about years:   

She became manager in 2008. Elizabeth II became Queen in 1953. I am moving to France in 2014.

Use 'in' to talk about times of day:   

I start work in the morning. I see friends in the evening. The concert begins at 1:00 p.m. in the afternoon.

On Use 'on' to talk about a day or date:       

I start work early on Monday. The party is on Sunday, June 1st. She has a doctor's appointment on Friday. We are moving on March 22nd. I have a meeting on Tuesday afternoon. On Saturday evenings, I go to the movies. We do not work on the weekend. (AmE) We do not work at the weekend. (BrE)

Presentación de gramática: El imperativo (5 /11)

Introduction We use the imperative form to make a request or give an instruction. Pass me my ticket. Be on time. Note: Use a question form to make a polite request, or add please.  

Can you pass me my ticket, please? Please be on time.

Form The imperative is the infinitive form of a verb without 'to':

    

Infinitive: to talk Imperative: Talk to the the waitress about your meal. Infinitive: to go Imperative: Go to work now! Infinitive: to be Imperative: Be there at 9:00 a.m. Infinitive: to take Imperative: Take a coat. Infinitive: to turn Imperative: Turn the television off.

To use the imperative in the negative form, we add 'don't' before the verb:    

Infinitive: to talk Negative imperative: Don't talk during the show. Infinitive: to go Negative imperative: Don't go outside, it's raining! Infinitive: to be Negative imperative: Don't be late. Infinitive: to turn Negative imperative: Don't turn the music up.

Use We use the imperative to give instructions or directions:   

Infinitive: to turn Imperative: Turn right at the end of the corridor. Infinitive: to go Imperative: Go straight to the airport. Infinitive: to turn Imperative: Turn off the lights before leaving.

We use the imperative to give an order:   

Infinitive: to run Imperative: Don't run by the pool. Infinitive: to knock Imperative: Knock before entering. Infinitive: to leave Imperative: Leave the room quietly.

We use the imperative to make an informal offer: 

Infinitive: to have Imperative: Have a slice of pizza.



Infinitive: to take Imperative: Take my pencil.

We use the imperative to make an exclamation:  

Infinitive: to look Imperative: Look at the weather! Infinitive: to smell Imperative: Smell the flowers!

Presentación de gramática: El presente simple en la forma afirmativa (5 /12)

Introducción Utilizamos el presente simple para describir costumbres, hechos y acciones habituales. I play. (Yo juego.)

Forma Singular Plural I play (yo juego) we play (nosotros/as jugamos) you play (tú juegas - usted juega) you play (vosotras/as jugáis – ustedes juegan) she/he/it plays (ella/él/ello juega) they play (ellos/as juegan) Recuerda: he/she/it = "s" al final de la forma de base del verbo he/she/it = works; NO he/she/it work my brother works (mi hermano trabaja) Jane works (Jane trabaja)     

I read books. (Yo leo libros.) You play soccer. (Tú juegas al fútbol.) Mary works very hard. (Mary trabaja muy duro.) We sing together. (Nosotros cantamos juntos.) They listen to the radio. (Ellos escuchan la radio.)

Cambios ortográficos en la forma de he/she/it -o/-s/-sh/-ch/-x/-z = se añade -es o o o o o o

I go - she goes (yo voy – ella va) I pass - Jane passes (yo apruebo - Jane aprueba) I finish - he finishes (yo termino - él termina) I search - he searches (yo busco - él busca) I mix – it mixes (yo mezco - mezcla) I quiz – she quizzes (yo examino - ella examina)

o

I do - he does (yo hago – ella hace)

consonante + -y = se suprime la -y para añadir -ies o o

I study - she studies (yo estudio – ella estudia) I try - she tries (yo intento – ella intenta)

vocal + -y = se añade -s o o

I play - she plays (yo juego – ella juega) I say - she says (yo digo – ella dice)

Usos Se utiliza para describir hechos o cosas que generalmente son verdaderas:   

I like tomatoes. (Me gustan los tomates.) You live in New Jersey. (Vives en Nueva Jersey.) They are brothers. (Son hermanos.)

Se utiliza para describir acciones habituales y costumbres:    

I play tennis on Saturdays. (Yo juego al tenis los sábados.) You drink tea. (Tú bebes té.) We go to the movies every week. (Nosotros vamos al cine cada semana.) They walk to work every day. (Ellos van andando al trabajo todos los días.)

Introduction To like is a regular verb and is very common in English. I like chocolate cake. She likes to go swimming.

Form The simple present tense I you Affirmative we they

like

he/she/it likes I you don't we like Negative they doesn't he/she/it like I you Do like...? we Questions they Does he/she/it like...?

The simple past tense I you liked he/she/it we they I you did not like Negative he/she/it (didn't we like) they I you

Affirmative

Questions Did

he/she/it we they

Use Like + noun subject + 'to like' + object     

I like apples. She likes Russia. Harry likes soccer. They like black shoes. You like tea.

like...?

Like + infinitive subject + 'to like' + infinitive     

She likes to run. I like to eat. We like to play basketball. William and Kate like to go to Paris. They like to cook.

Like + gerund subject + 'to like' + gerund     

She likes running. I like eating. We like playing basketball. William and Kate like going to Paris. They like cooking.

We can use either the infinitive or gerund construction. They have the same meaning.

Presentación de gramática: Las preposiciones de lugar y de movimiento (5 /11)

Introduction Use prepositions of place in, on, under to say where someone or something is: The shoes are in the closet. The money is on the table. The cat is under the table. I live in Los Angeles. Use the preposition to to say where something moved: The woman drove to the grocery store.

Uses In Use in to talk about a real or imaginary place or an enclosed space:     

She's in the swimming pool. The jam is in the jar. Emma is in the living room. I work in a school. The Queen lives in a palace.

Use in to talk about locations (towns, countries, areas etc.):      

I am in Paris. I live in the countryside. She is in Spain on vacation. We are in the city center. Are you in London? I live in the United States.

On Use on to talk about a place, a surface, or when giving directions:      

The pizza is on the table. The keys are on the shelf. I live on the first floor. Her office is on the left. I'm sitting on the couch. We are on the bus.

Under Use under to talk about something being physically below something else:     

Your shoes are under the table. We hide treasure under an X. The river flows under the bridge. I am reading under a tree. Under my sweater, I am wearing a shirt.

To Use to with verbs which show movement to a place: o o o o o o o o

I go to work by car. I need to go to the supermarket. I walk from my house to school everyday. Can I come to your house? I need a taxi to the airport. Can you tell me how to get to the hospital? I go to bed at 11:00 p.m. She is going to London for the holidays.

Presentación de gramática: How much/how many (5 /12)

Introduction We use 'How much...?' and 'How many...?' to ask questions about quantities. How much is that dress? It is $35. How much is the ticket? It is $12. How many cars do you have? I have two. How many cookies did you eat? I ate four.

Use How much...? Use 'how much' with uncountable nouns:   

How much money do you have? I have $10. How much cake is left? There are two slices left. How much bread did you buy? I bought two loaves of bread.



How much are those shoes? They are $40.

How many...? Use 'how many' with countable nouns:    

How many books do you have in your bag? I have three books. How many apples would you like? I'd like four, please. How many blocks are there from your house to the supermarket? There are ten blocks. How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have two brothers and one sister.

Introduction To have is one of the most common and important verbs in English. I have a new car. Martha has a lot of things to do.

Form Present Tense Affirmative Negative Question I have I do not have ( don't have) Do I have ... ? you have you do not have (don't have) Do you have ... ? he/she/it has he/she/it does not have (doesn't have) Does he/she/it have ...? we have we do not have (don't have) Do we have ...? you have you do not have (don't have) Do you have ...? they have they do not have (don't have) Do they have ...?     

You have one apple and two oranges. She has three reports due on Friday. They have a new baby. She doesn't have a car. They don't have any shoes in my size.

Short answers

Yes, No,    

he/she/it does. I/we/you/they do. he/she/it doesn't. I/we/you/they don't. Do you have a map? Yes, I do. Does the department have a new director? Yes, it does. Does he have time to meet with me today? No, he doesn't. Do they have the tickets for the play tonight? No, they don't.

Past tense I you Affirmative

Negative

he/she/it we they I you he/she/it we they

had

did not have (didn't have)

I you Questions Did

   

he/she/it we they

have...?

You had a meeting last Friday. We had a great time at the event. She didn't have any pets when she was young. They didn't have enough time to talk about the next project.

Short answers Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they did. No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they didn't.

   

Did you have enough money to buy the tickets? Yes, I did. Did they have dinner in a restaurant? Yes, they did. Did the package have the right address? No, it didn't. Did Jane and Harry go to the meeting? No, they didn't.

Have got British English often uses the form "have got" instead of "have". This is not common in American English. Present Tense I you Affirmative we they he/she/it I you Negative we they he/she/it

have got ('ve got) has got ('s got) have not got (haven't got)

has not got (hasn't got) I you Have/Haven't we Questions they Has/Hasn't he/she/it     

You have got one apple and two oranges. She has got three reports due on Friday. They have got a new baby. She hasn't got a car. They haven't got any shoes in my size.

Short answers Yes, No,

he/she/it has. I/we/you/they have. he/she/it hasn't. I/we/you/they haven't.

got...? got...?

   

Have you got a map. Yes, I have. Has he got any time to meet with me today? Yes, he has. Hasn't he got seven cousins? No, he hasn't. Haven't they got a dog? No, they haven't.

Use Possession   

We have a dog. He has a house. I have three apples.

We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to describe possession. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form:   

I've got a new computer. I haven't got a DVD player. Has he got my letter?

Food and drink      

I have breakfast at 7:00 a.m. We have lunch at 12:00 p.m. He has salad at lunch. Do they often have dinner at a restaurant? No, they don't. Have you got a drink? Do you have some water? Yes, I do.

Appearance    

She has blue eyes. We have brown hair. You have long legs. I have big hands. We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to talk about appearance. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form: o o

She's got blue eyes. We've got brown hair.

Family    

You have one brother and two sisters. She has got three brothers. They have seven cousins. We have got twelve grandchildren. We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to talk about family. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form: o o

I've got one brother and two sisters. I haven't got any cousins. My mother was an only child.

Presentación de lenguaje: Indicar la fecha (3 /13) 

Situation

Samuel y Elizabeth están hablando en el despacho de Elizabeth. Samuel: "When are you leaving on your business trip with Mr. Porter? March 27th?" Elizabeth: "Exactly. We leave on the 27th of March at eleven o' clock."

Rules Para preguntar e indicar el día de la semana Para preguntar en qué día de la semana estamos Para indicar el día de la semana  What day is it?  It is Monday.  Which day is it today?  Today is Thursday.

I go to the pool on Mondays = Every Monday I go to the pool! (todos los lunes) Monday, I'm going to the pool = This (coming) Monday I am going to the pool! (el lunes que viene)

Para preguntar e indicar la fecha Para preguntar la fecha  What is the date today?  What is the date of your exam?

Para indicar la fecha  Today is the 15th of January.  August 2nd.

¡Cuidado! En inglés, se utilizan los números ordinales (first, second, third, etc.) para indicar la fecha. Ex. "Today is January 1st (first)" [y no Today is January 1 (one)].

Para precisar una fecha    

In + year: In 1978, I got married. In + month: In January, it is cold. In the + season: In the summer, it is hot. In the autumn, it rains and in the winter, it is cold. In the + century: The Internet was invented in the twentieth century.

Para indicar el momento del día    

Morning (In the morning I like to read my newspaper.) Afternoon (In the afternoon I like to read my favorite magazines.) Evening (In the evening I like to read my book.) Night (At night, I read before I go to sleep.)

Los meses del año January, July, February, August, March,

September,

April,

October,

May,

November,

June,

December.

Los días de la semana 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.

Cross Cultural

Los días festivos en E.E.U.U. y en el Reino Unido La gran diferencia entre los días festivos del calendario inglés y americano es que ninguno de los días festivos oficiales en E.E.U.U. es religioso. Por otro lado, el único día festivo que tienen en común los Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña es el día de Año Nuevo.

El día de San Esteban o "Boxing Day" (que se celebra en Inglaterra) El día de San Esteban (26 de diciembre): Es el día en que tradicionalmente se regalaban cajas de regalos (Christmas boxes) a los empleados del servicio doméstico. Esta tradición remonta a muchos años atrás, cuando la gente más acomodada acostumbraba a regalar a sus empleados algo de ropa y dinero para sus familias el día después de Navidad. Como los empleados del servicio doméstico tenían que trabajar el 25 de diciembre, "Boxing Day" pasó a ser el día en que las clases más bajas celebraban la Navidad.

El día de Acción de Gracias o "Thanksgiving" (que se celebra en Estados Unidos) El día de Acción de Gracias (que se celebra siempre el cuarto jueves de noviembre): Originariamente, en el día de Acción de Gracias se celebraba la llegada de los Peregrinos al Nuevo Mundo. Más tarde, la gente empezó a celebrar este día en señal de agradecimiento por una abundante cosecha. Hoy en día, en el Día de Acción de Gracias, las familias se reúnen para comer el tradicional pavo relleno y postres como el pastel de nueces y de calabaza. Example text: The roots of the American Thanksgiving date back from 1621 when the Plymouth settlers gave thanks for a successful first Harvest. The settlers and natives celebrated together with a meal of turkey, cranberries and other food from the northeastern region of America. Today it is a national celebration and often part of a four day long weekend. Families gather to share the traditional meal, which of course includes turkey, cranberry sauce, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie. The Thanksgiving holiday is one of the heaviest travel periods during the year in the U.S.

Presentación de gramática: There is/there are (5 /12)

Introduction To have is one of the most common and important verbs in English. I have a new car. Martha has a lot of things to do.

Form Present Tense Affirmative Negative Question I have I do not have ( don't have) Do I have ... ? you have you do not have (don't have) Do you have ... ? he/she/it has he/she/it does not have (doesn't have) Does he/she/it have ...? we have we do not have (don't have) Do we have ...? you have you do not have (don't have) Do you have ...? they have they do not have (don't have) Do they have ...?     

You have one apple and two oranges. She has three reports due on Friday. They have a new baby. She doesn't have a car. They don't have any shoes in my size.

Short answers Yes, No,    

he/she/it does. I/we/you/they do. he/she/it doesn't. I/we/you/they don't. Do you have a map? Yes, I do. Does the department have a new director? Yes, it does. Does he have time to meet with me today? No, he doesn't. Do they have the tickets for the play tonight? No, they don't.

Past tense

I you Affirmative

Negative

he/she/it we they I you he/she/it we they

had

did not have (didn't have)

I you Questions Did

   

he/she/it we they

have...?

You had a meeting last Friday. We had a great time at the event. She didn't have any pets when she was young. They didn't have enough time to talk about the next project.

Short answers Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they did. No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they didn't.    

Did you have enough money to buy the tickets? Yes, I did. Did they have dinner in a restaurant? Yes, they did. Did the package have the right address? No, it didn't. Did Jane and Harry go to the meeting? No, they didn't.

Have got British English often uses the form "have got" instead of "have". This is not common in American English. Present Tense Affirmative

I you

have got ('ve got)

we they he/she/it I you Negative we they he/she/it

has got ('s got) have not got (haven't got)

has not got (hasn't got) I you Have/Haven't we Questions they Has/Hasn't he/she/it     

You have got one apple and two oranges. She has got three reports due on Friday. They have got a new baby. She hasn't got a car. They haven't got any shoes in my size.

Short answers Yes, No,    

he/she/it has. I/we/you/they have. he/she/it hasn't. I/we/you/they haven't. Have you got a map. Yes, I have. Has he got any time to meet with me today? Yes, he has. Hasn't he got seven cousins? No, he hasn't. Haven't they got a dog? No, they haven't.

Use Possession   

We have a dog. He has a house. I have three apples.

got...? got...?

We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to describe possession. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form:   

I've got a new computer. I haven't got a DVD player. Has he got my letter?

Food and drink      

I have breakfast at 7:00 a.m. We have lunch at 12:00 p.m. He has salad at lunch. Do they often have dinner at a restaurant? No, they don't. Have you got a drink? Do you have some water? Yes, I do.

Appearance    

She has blue eyes. We have brown hair. You have long legs. I have big hands. We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to talk about appearance. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form: o o

She's got blue eyes. We've got brown hair.

Family    

You have one brother and two sisters. She has got three brothers. They have seven cousins. We have got twelve grandchildren. We can use 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present tense to talk about family. We normally use 'have got' in the contracted form: o o



 

I've got one brother and two sisters. I haven't got any cousins. My mother was an only child.

Presentación de lenguaje: Indicar la fecha (3 /13) 

Situation

Samuel y Elizabeth están hablando en el despacho de Elizabeth. Samuel: "When are you leaving on your business trip with Mr. Porter? March 27th?" Elizabeth: "Exactly. We leave on the 27th of March at eleven o' clock."

Rules Para preguntar e indicar el día de la semana Para preguntar en qué día de la semana estamos Para indicar el día de la semana  What day is it?  It is Monday.  Which day is it today?  Today is Thursday.

I go to the pool on Mondays = Every Monday I go to the pool! (todos los lunes) Monday, I'm going to the pool = This (coming) Monday I am going to the pool! (el lunes que viene)

Para preguntar e indicar la fecha Para preguntar la fecha  What is the date today?  What is the date of your exam?

Para indicar la fecha  Today is the 15th of January.  August 2nd.

¡Cuidado! En inglés, se utilizan los números ordinales (first, second, third, etc.) para indicar la fecha. Ex. "Today is January 1st (first)" [y no Today is January 1 (one)].

Para precisar una fecha    

In + year: In 1978, I got married. In + month: In January, it is cold. In the + season: In the summer, it is hot. In the autumn, it rains and in the winter, it is cold. In the + century: The Internet was invented in the twentieth century.

Para indicar el momento del día    

Morning (In the morning I like to read my newspaper.) Afternoon (In the afternoon I like to read my favorite magazines.) Evening (In the evening I like to read my book.) Night (At night, I read before I go to sleep.)

Los meses del año January, July, February, August, March,

September,

April,

October,

May,

November,

June,

December.

Los días de la semana 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.

Cross Cultural

Los días festivos en E.E.U.U. y en el Reino Unido La gran diferencia entre los días festivos del calendario inglés y americano es que ninguno de los días festivos oficiales en E.E.U.U. es religioso. Por otro lado, el único día festivo que tienen en común los Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña es el día de Año Nuevo.

El día de San Esteban o "Boxing Day" (que se celebra en Inglaterra) El día de San Esteban (26 de diciembre): Es el día en que tradicionalmente se regalaban cajas de regalos (Christmas boxes) a los empleados del servicio doméstico. Esta tradición remonta a muchos años atrás, cuando la gente más acomodada acostumbraba a regalar a sus empleados algo de ropa y dinero para sus familias el día después de Navidad. Como los empleados del servicio doméstico tenían que trabajar el 25 de diciembre, "Boxing Day" pasó a ser el día en que las clases más bajas celebraban la Navidad.

El día de Acción de Gracias o "Thanksgiving" (que se celebra en Estados Unidos) El día de Acción de Gracias (que se celebra siempre el cuarto jueves de noviembre): Originariamente, en el día de Acción de Gracias se celebraba la llegada de los Peregrinos al Nuevo Mundo. Más tarde, la gente empezó a celebrar este día en señal de agradecimiento por una abundante cosecha. Hoy en día, en el Día de Acción de Gracias, las familias se reúnen para comer el tradicional pavo relleno y postres como el pastel de nueces y de calabaza. Example text: The roots of the American Thanksgiving date back from 1621 when the Plymouth settlers gave thanks for a successful first Harvest. The settlers and natives celebrated together with a meal of turkey, cranberries and other food from the northeastern region of America. Today it is a national celebration and often part of a four day long weekend. Families gather to share the traditional meal, which of course includes turkey, cranberry sauce, sweet potatoes and pumpkin pie. The Thanksgiving holiday is one of the heaviest travel periods during the year in the U.S. Presentación de gramática: Las preposiciones de lugar y de movimiento (5 /13)

Introduction Use prepositions of place in, on, under to say where someone or something is: The shoes are in the closet. The money is on the table. The cat is under the table. I live in Los Angeles. Use the preposition to to say where something moved:

The woman drove to the grocery store.

Uses In Use in to talk about a real or imaginary place or an enclosed space:     

She's in the swimming pool. The jam is in the jar. Emma is in the living room. I work in a school. The Queen lives in a palace.

Use in to talk about locations (towns, countries, areas etc.):      

I am in Paris. I live in the countryside. She is in Spain on vacation. We are in the city center. Are you in London? I live in the United States.

On Use on to talk about a place, a surface, or when giving directions:      

The pizza is on the table. The keys are on the shelf. I live on the first floor. Her office is on the left. I'm sitting on the couch. We are on the bus.

Under Use under to talk about something being physically below something else:     

To

Your shoes are under the table. We hide treasure under an X. The river flows under the bridge. I am reading under a tree. Under my sweater, I am wearing a shirt.

Use to with verbs which show movement to a place: o o o o o o o o 

 

I go to work by car. I need to go to the supermarket. I walk from my house to school everyday. Can I come to your house? I need a taxi to the airport. Can you tell me how to get to the hospital? I go to bed at 11:00 p.m. She is going to London for the holidays.