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FLSmidth Krebs 5505 W Gillette Rd • Tucson, AZ 85743-9501 • USA Tel +1 520 744 8200 • Fax +1 520 744 8300 www.krebs.com

JULY 22, 2010

INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

4 MODEL GMAX26-20-3222 KREBS CYCLONES SERIAL NUMBERS: g119621U – g119624U FOR CONDUMEX, INC. PO NUMBER: 155437

SALES ENGINEER: JOEL MORALES

[email protected]

REPRESENTATIVE: HOSOKAWA MICRON DE MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. PARRAL 78 BIS 6 PISO DELEG. CUAUHTEMOC COLONIA CONDESA 06140 MEXICO DF CONTACTS: FELIPE TELLEZ or ROBERTO VALDÉS PH: 011-52-55-555-359-65 FAX: 011-52-55-555-340-63

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES

(Rev 12/06)

General

Storage Requirements

This manual has been designed to make you familiar with the easiest and most practical way to install, operate, and maintain the KREBS Cyclone - keep it handy for future reference. Additional information can be obtained from the KREBS Engineers offices. Please see our web site at www.krebs.com for the location of the nearest KREBS office or representative. The cyclone you have purchased cannot operate well without proper care. To keep the unit at top efficiency, correct procedures for installation and maintenance must be followed.

KREBS Cyclones, rubber lined manifold components and auxiliary equipment such as valves, should always be stored:

Cyclone Identification KREBS cyclones are designated by Model Numbers, Serial Numbers, size and style. This information is stamped on an identification plate. Permanent records for this cyclone are kept by the serial number; therefore, the serial number must be used with all correspondence and spare parts orders.

Receiving Instructions Where possible KREBS equipment is usually shipped in its complete assembled form; consistent with transportation and handling equipment limits. Component parts such as pipe fittings and spare parts are frequently placed inside the cone section of the cyclone. When removing the cyclone from its packing, care should be taken to account for all parts. Individual items can be checked against the packing slip. An Inlet Pressure Gauge and Diaphragm Assembly is furnished with many KREBS Cyclones. These are packed separately and without necessary fluid. Please check the crate carefully for these items.

out of direct sunlight; away from heat and; protected from extreme weather conditions. The preferred storage area will be a cool, well-ventilated building. If outside storage is mandatory, the equipment should be totally covered over with heavy, opaque, plastic weather covering. It is essential that the plastic be opaque so as to cut out direct sunlight. In addition, a light color opaque material is desirable, to avoid heat build - up under the covering. Flange protectors are usually supplied with rubber-lined flanges. The covering should be spread over the equipment with allowance for underside ventilation to avoid excessive heat build-up and moisture condensation. Elevating the equipment a minimum of 2 inches above ground level should ensure adequate ventilation and prevention of moisture condensation. The natural gum rubber employed in the manufacture of the cyclone liners is adversely affected by heat. However, if stored exactly as described above, ambient temperatures of less than 120{F (preferably less than100{F) can be maintained. The equipment will not be damaged by freezing conditions as long as it is kept dry. If sub-zero conditions are involved, care should be taken when handling to avoid damage to projecting rubber splash skirts and similar parts as they become brittle at very low temperatures.

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES Storage Requirements (cont’d) Natural gum rubber is damaged by ozone, and hence this equipment should not be stored in close proximity to possible ozone sources such as high voltage rectifier equipment. Where auxiliary equipment includes instrumentation, automatic valves, etc., particular care should be taken to avoid moisture and moisture condensation occurring during storage.

Cyclone Design Considerations The primary consideration in selecting the proper size and design of cyclone is the classification objective, and not capacity, as is the case in many other process devices. KREBS Engineers, for each specific classification objective, calculate the proper relationship between inlet orifice, vortex finder, and apex orifice size, and all cyclones are engineered for the job prior to shipment.

(Rev 12/06)

Vortex Finder From the standpoint of its impact on operating results, this is the most critical of all orifices. The vortex finder size has the greatest effect on pressure drop for a given volume, and generally speaking, the larger the vortex finder the coarser the cut and the greater the proportion of solids reporting to overflow. Conversely, a smaller vortex finder normally means a finer cut and lower solids, but too small a size may so reduce volume and velocity that inferior performance could result. For any slurry, an optimum balance between permissible dilution, largest vortex finder, and lowest pressure drop possible for the desired objective should be sought. Since most classification problems involve a fixed volume, the size of the vortex finder and pressure drop will be interdependent.

Apex Orifice

Inlet Orifice

The function of the apex orifice is to discharge the coarse material in such a form that maximum density and smoothness of discharge is obtained. Therefore, it should be large enough to allow the tonnage reporting there to exit with a slight conical cross-sectional shape, but should not be used as a control of separation.

The inlet orifice size governs the entrance velocity of the pulp, but its major function is to provide a smooth flow-pattern at the point of entry. All KREBS Cyclones are designed with an involute entry that orientates the particles prior to reaching the tangential point of contact with the cylinder wall.

The apex orifice should never be so small that a "roping" condition exists, for this is an indication that a larger tonnage is reporting to underflow than the apex orifice is allowing to discharge. Therefore, the remainder must report to overflow, reducing the effectiveness of classification.

There is seldom any necessity for changing these orifice sizes unless the classification objectives or plant operating conditions are altered.

This design minimizes turbulence at this point and reduces the possibility of oversize particles being short-circuited into the vortex finder, due to turbulence or ricochet action. The involute entry also allows the use of larger vortex finders for equivalent separations than a direct tangential entry; hence, lower pressure drops, greater unit capacities, and sharper separations are obtained.

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES Installation Each cyclone should be securely mounted on a soundly constructed frame so that stresses on the overflow/underflow piping are minimized.

Pressure Gauge An option with most KREBS Cyclones is a pressure gauge and diaphragm assembly. The assembly is available with a 0.25” connection for use with fine solids or a 1.25” connection for use with coarse solids. If this assemble was purchased, see the attached assembly drawing. The Diaphragm Assembly must be installed, and BEFORE installing the Pressure Gauge, the upper chamber of the diaphragm must be filled with a suitable (light) machine oil.

Sump The conversion of flow and velocity to kinetic energy in a cyclone is derived from the energy supplied by the pump. Each adjustment of the cyclone variables will influence the pumping to some degree, and these will be discussed under operation. Constant volumetric flow to the cyclone is important. Momentary fluctuations are generally the result of air trapped in the slurry. Correct design of the pump sump is probably the most important single factor in establishing an efficient cyclone operation. The liquid level in the sump is by no means an indication that the cyclone is receiving a constant and uniform volume of feed. This can best be detected by watching the inlet pressure gauge attached to the cyclone. If the needle of the gauge fluctuates fairly rapidly, it is a definite indication that there is entrained air in the pump discharge slurry, despite the fact that the pump sump may hold a constant level. The only way to correct this deficiency is to prevent the entering stream from carrying entrapped air to the suction of the pump. A simple correction is to mount a horizontal metal plate in the pump sump well below the normal

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 12/06)

level of the slurry in the sump. This plate can hang by straps suspended from the top of the sump, or the plate can be welded at several points around the periphery of the sump to hold it in place. An annular opening between the plate and the edges of the sump of about one inch around its entire periphery will generally be sufficient to allow the total volume of slurry to pass from the upper compartment to the lower section. It is always difficult to hold the feed volume in any pumping circuit at an exact constant. To safeguard against this possibility of minor fluctuations in flow, it is always desirable to install a float valve connected to a fresh water supply in the pump sump. This float can be adjusted in such a fashion that it only functions when the level in the sump is drawn down to a low level. This will prevent emptying the sump, causing a momentary air lock and a sudden fluctuation in volume pumped. In certain de-sliming or de-watering operations, it is permissible to return a portion of the overflow product to the pump sump to maintain a constant level. It must be remembered that the slime content in any feed slurry to a cyclone is an inhibiting factor, and the greater the slime content, the more difficult it becomes to make a given separation for a given set of conditions of dilution and feed pressure. This is the reason that the use of recirculated overflow product should be handled with caution, as there is always danger of recirculating an excess quantity and unnecessarily increasing the slime content in the cyclone feed slurry. Where water is reasonably plentiful or the volume of overflow products is not an important consideration, it is desirable to add fresh water as a means of volume control in preference to recirculating the overflow product of the cyclone.

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES Installation (Cont’d) The overflow product should go to atmosphere as near the unit as possible, and facilities should be available for sampling. If the overflow pipe is carried directly to an elevation substantially below the apex of the cyclone, it creates a siphon action, which in turn causes coarser particles to be carried into the overflow product. Sometimes one intentionally installs a siphon on an overflow to assist in pulling over coarser sizes and higher density of overflow products. This procedure must be approached with caution, as it is a strictly artificial means of controlling the classification potential in a cyclone. Generally speaking, the use of a larger vortex finder, lower pressure drop, or a combination of both can accomplish this far more effectively. The underflow discharge should not be permanently enclosed, as it is most important to be able to observe the characteristics of this flow. Normally a periodic adjustment of the apex valve will maintain the underflow as a loose rope or a slight spray discharge, in preference to a so-called "rope" discharge. A "rope" discharge is an indication that there is excess crowding of solids at the apex orifice, which if carried too far can cause tramp over-size to be carried into the overflow product. If mesh of separation is relatively fine, and it is important to hold this separation at a near constant, it is never desirable to attempt to pull a "rope" discharge at the apex of the cyclone. The launder handling the underflow should be large enough to permit observation and sampling of the underflow product, and wide enough to prevent wear on the sides of the launder when the apex is discharging in a relatively wide spray. It should also be deep enough to avoid splash and excessive wear on the bottom of the launder.

(Rev 12/06)

Pump Pumping to a cyclone, or battery of cyclones, must be carefully engineered to the job both as to size and type of the pump, and to size and length of the pipe line. Wear results in a much higher pump maintenance cost than cyclone maintenance cost. Wear on a pump varies approximately proportionately to the cube of the velocity. In order to minimize the pump speed and pump maintenance, the cyclone should be as near to the pump as possible. A certain inlet pressure at the cyclone will be required, so there is also a power saving by having the static and friction head as low as possible.

Piping When designing cyclone piping, the most important consideration is to establish a velocity that will prevent particle segregation in the pipe line, and at the same time hold the velocity to a minimum to reduce wear, which increases rapidly with increase in velocity. With a large majority of installations for pumping slurries, the velocity range falls between a low of about 5 f/s and a high of 15 f/s. Major factors in determining the optimum velocity in a pipeline are: particle size angularity of the coarser fractions specific gravity of solids slimes content pulp density viscosity

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES

(Rev 12/06)

Operation Numerous factors influence the operation of a cyclone, such as distribution of particle sizes, percent feed solids, specific gravity of solids and liquid and pulp viscosity. Following is a brief discussion of some factors influencing cyclone operation, which the operator normally is able to vary:

Feed Dilution Feed dilution is the most effective control available. The use of additional dilution water will always result in a finer and sharper separation.

Pressure Measurement Pressure drop across a cyclone is the pressure differential between the cyclone inlet and overflow. When the cyclone discharges to atmosphere, a condition that we always recommend, the inlet pressure (gauge reading) is, for practical purposes, the pressure drop. In such cases then, the pressure drop and cyclone inlet pressure are synonymous. Where the cyclone overflow discharges against a head (back pressure against the cyclone overflow), the terms are not synonymous. Pressure measurement is merely an indication of the energy required to force a given volume through a cyclone fitted with a certain combination of orifices, and is not an indication of developed force-pattern or through-put, except as related to that one particular set of operating conditions. To cite an extreme example, it is entirely possible to operate with an abnormally high pressure drop across a cyclone fitted with small inlet, vortex, and apex orifice. The volume throughput could be very slight; whereas, superior performance as well as greatly increased capacity could result from the same cyclone operating at a lower pressure drop with larger orifices.

Excessive pressures result in higher costs for pump operation and maintenance and should be avoided wherever possible.

Apex Assemblies The distribution of particle sizes in the underflow product has the greatest influence on underflow percent solids. For example; a clean, sandy underflow with particles of 2.6 specific gravity and ranging from about 1700 to 230 microns (with a very low percentage of particles less than 230 microns) would produce an underflow product of 65 to 70% solids. A similar underflow with a full-range distribution of sizes from about 1700 to 75 microns could be discharged at 70 to 76% solids. Many density measurements at various operations have demonstrated that the difference in pulp density between a moderate spray discharge and a rope discharge is rarely more than about 2-5% solids. Various adjustable and fixed apex assemblies are available for KREBS Cyclones. The adjustable series may be varied as required for plant operation with 0 – 80 psi (0 – 552 kpa) plant air or with hydraulic pressure if plant air is not available.

CAUTION Never exceed 100 psi (690 kPa) on the adjustable valve assembly. To do so will result in distortion of the apex orifice shape and may rupture or dislodge the liner, any of which will result in poor cyclone performance. Fixed apex assemblies are usually fitted to cyclones in closed-circuit grinding applications where the highly abrasion resistant ceramic apex inserts provide extremely long life and minimum apex maintenance costs. The fixed apex is also used to similar advantage in other applications when apex adjustability is not required.

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES Spare Cyclones To minimize the risk of manifold feed nozzles plugging while they are idle, we recommend cycling the valves on the standby cyclones on a regular basis, turning off other cyclones to take their place. This way, all of the cyclones on the system get evenly used and wear at a uniform rate rather than having the same one or two cyclones shut off all the time while the other ones wear out. This cycling will reduce the possibility of material settling in a feed pipe of a standby cyclone and "setting up", causing a permanent blockage. It will take trial and error to determine how frequently the valves on the spare cyclones should be opened. Start initially with once or twice a shift and then gradually lengthen the interval if no blockages occur.

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 12/06)

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES Maintenance It is necessary to regularly check the cyclone liners for wear. The cyclone liners can only be properly inspected by disassembling the cyclone. This must be done when the cyclone is not in service. The life of the liners will depend on the application and the type of liner material being used. It is the responsibility of the operator to establish a routine for regular inspection after a cyclone has been commissioned and, from experience, determine the frequency with which the cyclone liners must be inspected and/or changed.

Replacing Cyclone Liners CAUTION Before torquing bolts connecting any two housing sections, inspect adjacent liner alignment for reverse shelving (see below). This condition causes fluid turbulence that may accelerate liner wear, and may also affect cyclone performance. A reverse shelf can be corrected during assembly of the cyclone; while the bolts are still loose. The housing sections can be shifted from side to side until reverse shelf is eliminated. Torque bolts after proper alignment is achieved.

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 12/06)

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES Recommended Setup for Connecting Flanges

Recommended arrangement for cylinder/cone connecting flange

Recommended arrangement for cone/cone connecting flange

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 12/06)

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 9/05)

Elastomer Liner Installation Instructions 1.

The KREBS Cyclone standard liner material is molded, high density, pure gum rubber, and is compounded to provide a long wear life. In addition, urethane and other elastomers are available for all liner sections and can be used in applications where gum rubber is not well suited. All of the elastomer liners are designed for a firm fit into their corresponding housing. These liners are designed for a compression fit in the housing to extend wear life; which sometimes gives the initial impression that the elastomer liner is too large. However, by following the recommended installation techniques, the liners can be easily installed and provide a good fit.

2.

The compression of liners installed in housings may create elongation to the extent that the liner projects beyond the metal housing. Plywood boards bolted or weighted to each end of the metal housing will compress liners to the proper length until the adhesive sets up. This takes one to two hours.

3.

Standard elastomer inlet head liners, cylinder liners, and cone liners must be cemented into their metal housings to prevent premature failure. Apex liners do not need to be cemented. Recommended adhesive is KrebStik® liner cement, a compound that we stock especially for this purpose. This KrebStik adhesive also serves as a lubricant making liners slide in easily.

3a. In several situations, adhesive is not necessary for installation. Adhesive is not needed for urethane liners, all talon flange liners, all apex liners and all liners used in FRP housings. Smaller diameter cyclones, 3” (75mm), 4” (100mm), 6” (150 mm), generally do not require liner adhesive although it is not detrimental to use it. 4.

The adhesive contact surfaces of all rubber and elastomer liners must be thoroughly cleaned prior to applying adhesive. We recommend Toloul, Chevron Socal #3, or other general-purpose solvent.

5.

The liner adhesive should be allowed to set up for one to two hours after liner installation prior to placing the cyclone in service.

6.

Many KREBS Cyclone liners are manufactured with integral soft rubber gaskets that fit between the matting metals or FRP housing flanges. These integral gaskets seal the joint as well as prevent slurry from entering between the liner and the housing. All flange bolts should be tightened just snug enough to prevent leakage. Excessive tightening will distort the liner causing abnormal wear and inefficient performance. CAUTION: Excessive tightening of flange bolts will cause distortion and result in abnormally severe wear and possibly liner dislodgment. (When using a torque wrench, 20 ft. – lbs. (27 N-m) is sufficient. DO NOT EXCEED).

7. Periodic inspections of liners should be made until accurate wear records are determined. At which time a replacement schedule based upon operating time can be established. The liner wear life varies according to its location in the cyclone and generally it is shortest in the lower cone section where abrasive action is greatest. All KREBS Cyclone liners are designed with a slight drop off at each joint by making the I.D. at the bottom of each liner slightly smaller than the I.D. of the liner fitting immediately below it. After assembly, each joint should be inspected to insure that there is either a flush fit of the liners or a slight drop off, but never a projecting shelf. Since liner wear is not equal throughout the cyclone, the lower section liners must be replaced more frequently than the upper liners. However, when any liner has worn to the degree that a projecting shelf results from the installation of a new liner below it, the upper liner should be replaced also.

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 9/05)

Elastomer Liner Installation Instructions (cont’d) 8.

The KrebStik liner cement forms a bond between the liner and housing strong enough to hold the liner in place during normal operation. However, it is not a permanent bond and worn liners may be manually peeled away from the housing when a replacement is necessary. The housing contact surface should be cleaned of dirt and foreign material but adhesive does not need to be removed. An adhesive other than KrebStik may be more difficult to use and is not recommended.

9.

Liners correctly installed should remain in the proper position under normal operating conditions. However, if performance of a cyclone falls below standard, liners should be examined for wear, displacement, or tearing.

10. Rubber liners should always be stored in a cool location and never in direct sunlight. KREBS maintains an extremely large inventory of parts and takes pride in the fact that most shipments can be made within 24 hours from receipt of orders. If there are any problems in the installation or operation of KREBS Cyclones, please contact KREBS for assistance. Our staff will be happy to assist you.

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 9/05)

Installation of Elastomer Liners Proper installation of KREBS’ gum rubber and other elastomer liners is essential for maximum performance and service. Most liners must be cemented into their corresponding metal housing. Apex liners, urethane liners and talon flange style liners do not require adhesive. Liners are easily replaced by the following procedure: A. Removal of Old Liners 1. Remove old liner by grasping one end and “peeling” away the housing. Larger liners may require working from both ends to loosen entire liner. 2. Remove all dirt and foreign material from housing. It is not necessary to remove remaining adhesive material. 3. Clean interior of housing thoroughly using cleaning solvent (Chevron Socal #3, Toloul, or equal). B. Installation of Cylinder Liners Note: (i) under A.

It is assumed that interior housing has been thoroughly cleaned with solvent as detailed

(ii) Please refer to numbered photographs corresponding to numbered instructions. Although this is for the Model D26B, other KREBS Cyclones are similar. 1.

Clean exterior surface of the new cylinder liner with cleaning solvent (Toloul, Chevron Socal #3, or equal.

2/3.

Liberally apply Krebs Engineers’ KrebStik liner cement to contact surfaces of cylinder housing and liner. Never add thinner to reduce viscosity of KrebStik liner cement.

4.

Fold cylinder liner fully one-half and insert into housing as shown. Flatten out bulges and smooth liner into place with liner flanges correctly positioned.

5.

Punch out bolt holes in rubber flanges by placing a ball-peen hammer as shown and striking it with another hammer.

C. Installation of Inlet Head Liner 6.

Bolt one half (either right-hand or left-hand) inlet head housing to cylinder. Liberally apply KrebStik liner cement to interior surfaces of housing. Prepare inlet head liner by applying KrebStik to the outside of the lower half.

7/8.

Fold inlet head liner and insert as shown. Flatten out bulges and smooth liner into place with liner flange correctly positioned with housing flange.

9.

Liberally apply KrebStik to the upper half of the inlet head liner and interior surface of the remaining half of inlet head housing. Install gasket and assemble inlet head.

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 9/05)

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES

(Rev 9/05)

Installation of Elastomer Liners (Cont’d) D. Installation of Cover Plate Liner 10.

Wetting the surface of inlet head liner and cover plate liner with soapy liquid will aid installation of the snug-fit parts.

11.

Because of the snug fit, pressure must be applied to cover plate liner while inserting into inlet head liner.

12.

Install cover plate, making sure cover plate liner is properly seated into inlet head liner.

13.

After installing vortex finder, overflow adapter and inlet adapter, invert cyclone so it stands on the overflow adapter. Proceed with remaining assemble instructions.

E. Installation of Cone Liners 14/15. Prepare cone liner and housings as previously noted. Liberally apply KrebStik to interior surface of cone and exterior surface of cone liner. Insert liner into housing. Flatten out bulges and smooth liner into plate with liner flanges correctly positioned with housing flanges. 16.

Punch out bolt holes in rubber flanges by employing a ball-peen hammer as shown.

17/19. Repeat steps 14, 15, and 16 for remaining cone sections. 20.

Completely assemble the KREBS Cyclone by bolting the cyclone sections together.

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 9/05)

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES

(Rev 12/06)

Calculating Flows, Densities and Tonnages from the Table (Specific Gravity of the Dry Solids Must be Known)

1)

TONNAGE:

(GPM and percent solids known) GPM X 8 – Cubic feet of pulp per hour.

Cubic feet of pulp Cu.Ft./ton (from chart under known Sp. Gr.)

2)

= Dry tons per hour

PERCENT SOLIDS IN PULP: (GPM and TPH known) GPM X 8 TPH

Cu. Ft. of pulp to make one dry ton of solids.

Use the chart, under the correct Sp. Gr. column; find the nearest figure under the “Tot.Vol.” column. Carry across, horizontally, to the percent solids.

3)

GALLONS PER MINUTE:

(Tonnage and percent solids known)

TPH X Cu. Ft. of pulp/dry ton (from chart) = GPM 8 EXAMPLES:

(Assuming 2.6 as specific gravity of solids)

Overflow: Measures 200 GPM with density of 10% solids. From the Table, across from 10% solids it shows 300.31 Cu. Ft. required to make one dry ton of solids. 200 X 8 = 1600 1600 300.31 = 5.33 dry tons per hour Underflow: Measures 20 GPM with density of 68% solids. Table shows 27.37 cubic feet. 20 X 8 = 160 160 27.37 = 5.84 TPH

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES

(Rev 12/06)

Calculating Flows, Densities and Tonnages from the Table (cont’d) FEED: (Where measurement is difficult) Add gallonages and tonnages, which in this case would be 220 GPM flow, with 11.17 TPH feed rate. 220 X 8 = 1760 (Cubic feet of pulp per hour) 1760 11.17 = 157.56 (Cu. Ft. of pulp per ton of solids) Look down the “Tot. Vol.” Column (Under the 2.6 heading) for nearest figure to 157.56. In this case it would be between 18% and 19% solids, closer to 18%. The difference between 157.56 and 158.08 (the figure for 18% solids) is 0.52. The difference between the figures for 18% and 19% solids, 158.08 and 148.73, is 9.35, one tenth of which is 0.93. Dividing 0.52 by 0.93 you get .56. A correction of five-hundredths must be made. The calculated figure of 157.56 is closer to the 18% figure, and slightly smaller, so the corrected solids would be 18.05% solids. The interpolation can be carried out to three places, if desired, but it is doubtful if any sample is that representative of the total flow, except by coincidence.

UNDERFLOW CALCULATIONS: Due to its high density and relatively small flow, the underflow must be measured with extreme care. It is more accurate to take a small sample of the underflow product, and dry it, to determine the percent solids, than it is to weigh a liter container. For example: let’s assume one operator calculates 19 GPM at 67% solids, and another calculates 21 GPM at 70% solids. The results would be as follows: 19 X 8 = 152 152 28.07 = 5.41 TPH

21 X 8 = 168 168 26.02 = 6.46 TPH

This is a substantial discrepancy, and yet each operator could well assume that he had exercised sufficient care in taking and weighing samples. A sufficiently large sample, say a 5-gal. can for small flows, and carefully timed with a stopwatch, should give accurate results for all practical purposes. FEED CALCULATIONS: As a check you can take a density sample of the Feed. This can usually be done, with reasonable accuracy, by tapping into the feed line. With Feed destiny known (from the sample) and gallonage calculated by adding Underflow and Overflow GPM’s the tonnage check would be as follows:

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 12/06)

Calculating Flows, Densities and Tonnages from the Table (cont’d) Assume your Feed sample is 16% solids. By Formula (1) 220 X 8 = 1760 (Cu. Ft. of pulp per hour) 1760 180.31 (from chart) = 9.76 TPH This would indicate a feed rate of 9.76 TPH, as against 11.17 TPH by addition of Overflow TPH and Underflow TPH, which is not a satisfactory check. Based on our laboratory investigations, the percent solids in the samples sent for testing was invariably higher than reported from plant operations. In such calculations, where high multiple-factors are unavoidable, something must be assumed as accurate. In cyclone work, it is usually best to use the overflow as a starting point. Flow can be measured with reasonable accuracy, and a slight error in percent solids will not materially alter the TPH. Therefore, calculate the Overflow GPM and TPH formula (1). Carefully measure the Underflow GPM only. Add the Overflow GPM to the Underflow GPM. This may be assumed as an accurate Feed GPM. Average the calculated percent solids in the Feed with the percent solids from the Feed Sample. Use this figure with the formula (1) to calculate the TPH in the Feed. Subtract the Overflow TPH from the Feed TPH for a revised Underflow TPH. You now have the Underflow GPM and TPH. The percent solids can be calculated from these figures by formula (2). It is always dangerous to assume that the Feed sample is accurate, as this is the most difficult product to sample, and also fluctuations have the most pronounced effect of the other variables. Another way to check tonnages is to use the Screen Analysis Method. It is necessary to have the particles size distribution for all three products. Any sieve may be used that is common to all products. Normally a 200 mesh sieve is the most practical. The formula is as follows: (% – 200 mesh in the Overflow) – (the % – 200 mesh in the Feed) ÷ (% – 200 mesh in the Feed) – (the % – 200 mesh in the Underflow). This gives a ratio of Underflow TPH to Overflow TPH. Example: (Using same data as above calculations) Feed = 56.5% – 200 mesh Overflow = 98.6% – 200 mesh Underflow = 18.3% – 200 mesh Using the above formula, you have: 98.6 56.5 56.5 18.3 42.1 = 1.102 = ratio of Underflow to Overflow. 42.1 38.2 38.2

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES

(Rev 12/06)

Calculating Flows, Densities and Tonnages from the Table (cont’d) Calculations from Tables: Underflow = 5.84 TPH Overflow = 5.33 TPH

= 1.095

Screen Analysis Method: Underflow = Overflow X ratio 5.33 X 1.102 = 5.87 TPH The above check on ratios of 1.095 against 1.102, or tonnages of 5.84 TPH against 5.87 TPH, would be considered a very satisfactory check. It is difficult to obtain an accurate figure for the percentage of minus 200 mesh particles by a single screening, either wet or dry. A combination of wet and dry screening will give a far more accurate result. This can be checked by using the same formula on another sizing, say 100 to 65 mesh. If the screen analysis is accurate throughout, the formula will be the same ratio figure for all sizes.

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES

(Rev 12/06)

Explanation of Tables and Formulas Formulas: (From which the Tables were calculated) X = Specific Gravity of the pulp Y = Percentage of dry solids in the pulp Z = Cu. Ft. in one ton of dry solids for given Sp. Gr. =

32 Sp. Gr. of solid

PERCENT SOLIDS IN PULP = Sp. Gr. X 100 (X-1) (Sp. Gr. – 1) X SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF PULP =

Sp. Gr. X 100 (Sp. Gr. X 100) - (Sp. Gr. – 1) Y

CUBIC FEET OF PULP TO MAKE ONE DRY TON OF SOLIDS = Z (Sp. Gr. X 100 – Sp. Gr. – 1 Y) Y The formulas may be used for intermediate specific gravities, providing that the known factors are established with sufficient accuracy. This is very difficult by normal methods. With very dilute pulps, the ratio of solids to water is such that moisture on the outside of the container or a few drops (+ or -) inside the container will materially affect the reading. With high-density pulps it is very difficult to establish an accurate meniscus reading. For all practical purposes it is sufficiently accurate, commensurate with the usual method of taking and weighing samples, to interpolate from the chart for intermediate gravities. EXAMPLE: To determine the percent solids of pulp weighing 1400 grams per liter and containing an unknown amount of solids with a Sp. Gr. of 3.5; By formula: 350 (X-1) = 2.5 X

350 X .400 2.5 X 1.400

=

140 3.50

= 40% solids

By interpolation: Look for the figures that are closest to 1400 grams/liter in the 3.4 and 3.8 columns. In the 3.4 column the figure must be below 1400, and in the 3.8 column it must be greater than 1400. This required is fulfilled at 40% solids, showing 1393 grams/liter at 3.4 and 1418 at 3.8. There are four points difference between 3.4 and 3.8, so 3.5 would be ¼ increase over 3.4. The difference between 1393 and 1418 is 25, ¼ of which is 6 plus. Add 6 to 1393 and you get 1399, which is sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes. The density of the pulp at 3.5 Sp. Gr. is therefore 40% solids.

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 12/06)

Explanation of Tables and Formulas (Cont’d) The same applies to the Cu. Ft./ton required to give one dry ton of solids. The figures on the same line, under 3.4 and 3.8 columns, are 57.41 and 56.42 cubic feet. The difference is .99, ¼ of which would be .25. In this case you subtract .25 from the figure under the 3.4 column, as it requires less volume as the density increases. Therefore, 57.41 minus .25 equals 57.16, which is the cubic feet of pulp at 40% solids necessary to make one dry ton of solids at 3.5 Sp. Gr.

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES

(Rev 12/06)

Density Tables – Specific gravity – grams per liter. Total Volume – Cubic feet of pulp to one dry ton of solids. Calculated and Complied by the Staff of Krebs Engineers. SOLIDS SP. GR. 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.7 SPECIFIC TOTAL GRAVITY VOLUME

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

1003 1006 1009 1012 1015 1017 1020 1023 1026 1029 1032 1036 1039 1042 1045 1048 1051 1054 1057 1061 1064 1067 1070 1074 1077 1080 1884 1087 1090 1094 1097 1101 1104 1108 1111 1115 1118 1122 1125 1129 1133 1136 1140 1144 1148 1151 1155 1159 1163

3190.86 1590.86 1057.53 790.86 630.86 524.19 448.00 390.86 346.41 310.86 281.77 257.52 237.01 219.43 204.19 190.86 179.09 168.63 159.28 150.86 143.24 136.61 129.99 124.19 118.86 113.93 109.38 105.14 101.20 97.52 94.08 90386 87.83 84.97 82.29 79.75 77.34 75.07 72.91 70.86 68.91 67.05 65.28 63.58 61.97 60.42 58.94 57.52 56.16

2.8

SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME

1004 1008 1013 1018 1023 1027 1032 1037 1042 1047 1051 1056 1061 1066 1071 1076 1082 1087 1092 1098 1103 1108 1114 1119 1125 1131 1136 1143 1148 1154 1160 1166 1172 1178 1184 1190 1197 1203 1210 1216 1223 1230 1236 1243 1250 1257 1264 1271 1278

3185.78 1585.78 1052.45 785.78 625.78 519.11 442.92 385.78 341.33 305.78 276.69 252.44 231.93 214.35 199.11 185.78 174.01 163.55 154.20 145.78 138.16 131.23 124.91 119.11 113.78 108.85 104.30 100.06 96.12 92.44 89.00 85.38 82.75 79.89 77.21 74.67 72.26 69.99 67.83 65.78 63.83 61.97 60.20 58.50 56.89 55.34 53.86 52.44 51.08

1005 1011 1017 1022 1028 1034 1040 1046 1052 1058 1064 1070 1076 1083 1089 1096 1102 1109 1116 1122 1129 1136 1143 1151 1158 1165 1173 1180 1188 1196 1204 1211 1220 1228 1236 1244 1253 1261 1270 1279 1288 1297 1306 1316 1325 1335 1345 1355 1365

3182.55 1582.55 1049.22 782.55 622.55 515.88 439.69 382.55 338.10 302.55 273.46 249.21 228.70 211.12 195.88 182.55 170.78 160.32 150.97 142.55 134.93 128.00 121.68 115.88 110.55 105.62 101.07 96.83 92.89 89.21 85.77 82.55 79.52 76.66 73.98 71.44 69.03 66.76 64.60 62.55 60.60 58.74 56.97 55.27 53.66 52.11 50.63 49.21 47.85

1006 1012 1018 1024 1031 1037 1043 1050 1057 1064 1070 1078 1085 1092 1099 1106 1114 1121 1129 1136 1144 1152 1160 1168 1176 1185 1193 1202 1211 1220 1229 1238 1247 1256 1266 1276 1285 1295 1305 1316 1326 1337 1348 1358 1370 1381 1393 1405 1416

3180.81 1580.81 1047.48 780.81 620.81 514.14 437.95 380.81 336.36 300.81 271.72 247.47 226.96 209.38 194.14 180.81 169.04 158.58 149.23 140.81 133.19 126.26 119.94 114.14 108.81 103.88 99.33 95.09 90.65 86.97 83.53 80.31 77.28 74.42 71.74 69.20 66.79 64.52 62.36 60.31 58.36 56.50 54.73 53.03 51.42 49.87 48.39 46.97 45.61

1006 1012 1019 1025 1032 1038 1045 1052 1058 1065 1072 1080 1087 1094 1101 1109 1117 1124 1132 1140 1148 1156 1165 1173 1182 1190 1199 1208 1217 1226 1236 1245 1255 1264 1274 1284 1295 1305 1316 1326 1337 1348 1360 1371 1383 1395 1407 1419 1432

3180.31 1580.31 1046.98 780.31 620.31 513.64 437.45 380.31 335.86 300.31 271.22 246.97 226.46 208.88 193.64 180.31 168.54 158.08 148.73 140.31 132.69 125.76 119.44 113.64 108.31 103.38 98.83 94.59 90.65 86.97 83.53 80.31 77.28 74.42 71.74 69.20 66.79 64.52 62.36 60.31 58.36 56.50 54.73 53.03 51.42 49.87 48.39 46.97 45.61

1006 1012 1019 1026 1033 1039 1046 1053 1060 1067 1074 1082 1089 1097 1104 1112 1120 1128 1136 1144 1152 1161 1169 1178 1187 1196 1205 1214 1223 1233 1243 1252 1262 1272 1283 1293 1303 1315 1325 1337 1348 1360 1371 1383 1395 1408 1420 1433 1446

3179.85 1579.85 1046.52 779.85 619.85 513.18 436.99 379.85 335.40 299.85 270.76 246.51 226.00 208.42 193.18 179.85 168.08 157.62 148.27 139.85 132.23 125.30 118.98 113.18 107.85 102.92 98.37 94.13 90.19 86.51 83.07 79.85 76.82 73.96 71.28 68.74 66.33 64.06 61.90 59.85 57.90 56.04 53.27 52.57 50.96 49.41 47.93 46.51 45.15

1007 1013 1020 1026 1033 1040 1047 1054 1061 1069 1076 1084 1091 1099 1107 1115 1123 1131 1139 1148 1156 1165 1174 1182 1191 1201 1210 1220 1229 1239 1249 1259 1269 1280 1290 1301 1312 1323 1335 1346 1358 1370 1382 1394 1407 1420 1433 1446 1460

3179.43 1579.43 1046.10 779.43 619.43 512.76 436.57 379.43 334.98 299.43 270.34 246.09 225.58 208.00 192.76 179.43 167.66 157.20 147.85 139.43 131.81 124.88 118.56 112.76 107.43 102.50 97.95 93.71 89.77 86.09 82.65 79.43 76.40 73.54 70.86 68.32 65.91 63.64 61.48 59.43 57.48 55.62 53.85 52.15 50.54 48.99 47.51 46.09 44.73

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES SOLIDS SP. GR.

1.4

SPECIFIC TOTAL GRAVITY VOLUME

50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84

1167 1170 1174 1178 1182 1186 1190 1194 1199 1203 1207 1211 1215 1219 1224 1228 1232 1236 1241 1245 1250 1255 1259 1264 1269 1273 1278 1283 1288 1292 1297 1302 1307 1311 1316

54.86 53.60 52.40 51.23 50.12 49.04 48.00 47.00 46.03 45.09 44.19 43.32 42.47 41.65 40.86 40.09 39.34 38.62 37.92 37.23 36.57 35.93 35.30 34.69 34.10 33.52 32.96 32.42 31.88 31.36 30.86 30.36 29.87 29.41 28.95

1.8

(Rev 12/06)

2.2

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME

1286 1293 1301 1308 1316 1323 1331 1339 1347 1355 1364 1376 1380 1389 1398 1406 1415 1424 1433 1442 1452 1461 1471 1480 1490 1500 1510 1520 1531 1541 1552 1562 1573 1584 1596

49.78 48.52 47.32 46.15 45.04 43.96 42.92 42.52 40.95 40.01 39.11 38.24 37.39 36.57 35.78 35.01 34.26 33.54 32.84 32.15 31.49 30.85 30.22 29.61 29.02 28.44 27.88 27.34 26.80 26.28 25.78 25.28 24.79 24.33 23.87

1375 1385 1396 1407 1418 1429 1440 1451 1463 1474 1486 1498 1511 1523 1536 1549 1563 1576 1590 1604 1618 1632 1647 1662 1677 1691 1708 1724 1740 1757 1774 1791 1809 1827 1846

46.55 45.29 44.09 42.92 41.81 40.73 39.69 38.69 37.72 36.78 35.88 35.01 34.16 33.34 32.55 31.78 31.03 30.31 29.61 28.92 28.26 27.62 26.99 26.38 25.79 25.21 24.65 24.11 23.57 23.05 22.55 22.05 21.56 21.10 20.64

1429 1441 1454 1466 1479 1492 1502 1520 1534 1548 1563 1577 1592 1606 1623 1638 1656 1672 1689 1706 1724 1742 1761 1780 1799 1818 1838 1858 1879 1901 1923 1946 1969 1992 2016

44.31 43.05 41.85 40.68 39.57 38.49 37.45 36.45 35.48 34.54 33.64 32.77 31.92 31.10 30.31 29.54 28.79 28.07 27.37 26.68 26.02 25.38 24.75 24.14 23.55 22.97 22.41 21.87 21.33 20.81 20.31 19.81 19.32 18.86 18.40

1444 1457 1470 1484 1498 1512 1526 1540 1555 1570 1585 1601 1617 1633 1650 1666 1684 1701 1719 1738 1757 1776 1795 1815 1836 1857 1879 1900 1923 1946 1970 1994 2018 2044 2070

44.31 43.05 41.85 40.68 39.57 38.49 37.45 36.45 35.48 34.54 33.64 32.77 31.92 31.10 30.31 29.54 28.79 28.07 27.37 26.68 26.02 25.38 24.75 24.14 23.55 22.97 22.41 21.87 21.33 20.81 20.31 19.81 19.32 18.86 18.40

1459 1473 1487 1501 1515 1530 1545 1560 1575 1591 1607 1623 1640 1657 1675 1693 1711 1730 1749 1768 1788 1808 1829 1850 1872 1894 1917 1941 1965 1990 2015 2041 2067 2095 2123

43.85 43.59 41.39 40.22 39.11 38.03 36.99 35.99 35.02 34.08 33.18 32.31 31.46 30.54 29.85 29.08 28.33 27.61 26.91 26.22 25.56 24.92 24.29 23.68 23.09 22.51 21.95 21.11 20.87 20.35 19.85 19.35 18.86 18.40 17.94

1474 1488 1502 1517 1532 1547 1563 1579 1595 1611 1628 1645 1663 1681 1699 1718 1737 1757 1777 1797 1818 1840 1862 1885 1908 1931 1955 1980 2006 2032 2059 2085 2114 2144 2174

43.43 42.17 40.97 39.80 38.69 37.61 36.57 35.57 34.60 33.66 32.76 31.89 31.04 30.22 29.43 28.66 27.91 27.19 26.49 25.80 25.14 24.50 23.87 23.26 22.67 22.09 21.53 20.99 20.45 19.93 19.43 18.93 18.44 17.98 17.52

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES SOLIDS SP. GR.

2.9

SPECIFIC TOTAL GRAVITY VOLUME

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

1007 1013 1021 1027 1034 1041 1048 1055 1063 1070 1078 1085 1093 1101 1109 1117 1125 1134 1142 1151 1160 1168 1177 1187 1196 1205 1215 1225 1235 1245 1255 1265 1276 1287 1298 1309 1320 1332 1343 1355 1367 1380 1392 1405 1418 1431 1445 1459 1473

3179.03 1579.03 1045.70 779.03 619.03 512.36 436.17 379.03 334.58 299.03 269.94 245.69 225.18 207.60 192.36 179.03 167.26 156.80 147.45 139.03 131.41 124.48 118.16 112.36 107.03 102.10 97.55 93.31 89.37 85.69 82.25 79.03 76.00 73.14 70.46 67.92 65.51 63.24 61.08 59.03 57.08 55.22 53.45 51.75 50.14 48.59 47.11 45.69 44.33

(Rev 12/06)

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.8

4.2

4.6

SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME

1007 1013 1020 1027 1034 1042 1049 1056 1064 1071 1078 1087 1095 1103 1111 1119 1128 1136 1145 1154 1163 1172 1181 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1261 1271 1282 1293 1304 1316 1328 1340 1351 1363 1376 1389 1402 1415 1429 1443 1457 1471 1485

3178.67 1578.67 1045.34 778.67 618.67 512.00 435.81 378.67 334.22 298.67 269.58 245.33 224.62 207.24 192.00 178.67 166.90 156.44 147.09 138.67 131.05 124.12 117.80 112.00 106.67 101.74 97.19 92.95 89.01 85.33 81.89 78.67 75.64 72.78 70.10 67.56 65.15 62.88 60.72 58.67 56.72 54.86 53.09 51.39 49.78 48.23 46.75 45.33 43.97

1007 1014 1021 1028 1036 1043 1051 1058 1066 1074 1082 1090 1098 1107 1115 1124 1132 1141 1150 1159 1169 1178 1188 1198 1208 1218 1228 1238 1249 1260 1271 1282 1293 1305 1317 1329 1341 1354 1366 1379 1392 1406 1420 1434 1448 1463 1477 1493 1508

3178.00 1578.00 1044.57 778.00 618.00 511.33 435.14 378.00 333.55 298.00 268.91 244.66 224.15 206.57 191.33 178.00 166.23 155.77 146.42 138.00 130.38 123.45 117.13 111.33 106.00 101.07 96.52 92.28 88.34 84.66 81.22 78.00 74.97 72.11 69.43 66.99 64.48 62.21 60.05 58.00 56.05 54.19 52.42 50.72 49.11 47.56 46.08 44.66 43.30

1007 1014 1022 1029 1037 1044 1052 1060 1068 1076 1084 1093 1101 1110 1118 1127 1136 1146 1155 1164 1174 1184 1194 1204 1214 1225 1235 1246 1257 1269 1280 1292 1304 1316 1328 1341 1354 1367 1380 1393 1407 1421 1436 1451 1466 1481 1496 1512 1529

3177.41 1577.41 1044.08 777.41 617.41 510.74 434.55 377.41 332.96 297.41 268.32 244.07 223.56 205.98 190.74 177.41 165.64 155.18 145.83 137.41 129.79 122.86 116.54 110.74 105.41 100.48 95.93 91.69 87.75 84.07 80.63 77.41 74.38 71.52 68.84 66.30 63.89 61.62 59.46 57.41 55.46 53.60 51.83 50.13 48.52 46.97 45.49 44.07 42.71

1007 1015 1023 1030 1038 1046 1054 1063 1071 1080 1088 1097 1106 1115 1124 1134 1143 1153 1163 1173 1183 1193 1204 1215 1226 1237 1248 1260 1272 1284 1296 1309 1321 1334 1348 1361 1375 1389 1403 1418 1433 1448 1464 1480 1496 1513 1530 1547 1565

3176.42 1576.42 1043.09 776.42 616.42 509.75 433.56 376.42 331.97 296.42 267.33 243.08 222.57 204.99 189.75 176.42 164.65 154.19 144.84 136.42 128.80 121.87 115.55 109.75 104.42 99.49 94.94 90.70 86.76 83.08 79.64 76.42 73.39 70.53 67.85 65.31 62.90 60.63 58.47 56.42 54.47 52.61 50.84 49.14 47.53 45.98 44.50 43.08 41.72

1008 1015 1023 1031 1040 1048 1056 1065 1074 1082 1091 1101 1110 1119 1129 1139 1149 1159 1169 1180 1190 1201 1212 1224 1235 1247 1259 1271 1284 1296 1309 1322 1336 1350 1364 1378 1393 1408 1423 1438 1454 1471 1487 1504 1522 1540 1558 1577 1596

3175.62 1575.62 1042.29 775.62 615.62 508.95 432.76 375.62 331.17 295.62 266.53 242.28 221.77 204.19 188.95 175.62 163.85 153.39 144.04 135.62 128.00 121.07 114.75 108.95 103.62 98.69 94.14 89.90 85.96 82.28 78.84 75.62 72.59 69.73 67.05 64.51 62.10 59.83 57.67 55.62 53.67 51.81 50.04 48.34 46.23 45.18 43.70 42.28 40.92

1008 1016 1024 1032 1041 1049 1058 1067 1076 1085 1094 1104 1113 1123 1133 1143 1153 1164 1175 1186 1197 1208 1220 1231 1243 1255 1268 1281 1294 1307 1320 1334 1348 1363 1377 1392 1408 1423 1439 1456 1472 1490 1507 1525 1544 1563 1582 1602 1622

3174.96 1574.96 1041.63 774.96 614.96 508.29 432.10 374.96 330.51 294.96 265.87 241.62 221.11 203.53 188.29 174.96 163.19 152.73 143.38 134.96 127.34 120.41 114.09 108.29 102.96 98.03 93.48 89.24 85.30 81.62 78.18 74.96 71.93 69.07 66.39 63.85 61.44 59.17 57.01 54.96 53.01 51.15 49.39 47.68 46.07 44.52 43.04 41.62 40.26

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

INDUSTRIAL

KREBS CYCLONES SOLIDS SP. GR.

2.9

SPECIFIC TOTAL GRAVITY VOLUME

50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84

1487 1502 1517 1532 1548 1564 1580 1596 1613 1629 1648 1666 1684 1703 1722 1742 1762 1782 1803 1825 1847 1870 1893 1917 1941 1966 1992 2018 2045 2070 2095 2120 2158 2189 2220

43.03 41.77 40.57 39.40 38.29 37.21 36.17 35.17 34.20 33.26 32.36 31.49 30.64 29.82 29.03 28.26 27.51 26.79 26.09 25.40 24.74 24.10 23.47 22.86 22.27 21.69 21.13 20.59 20.05 19.53 19.03 18.53 18.04 17.58 17.12

(Rev 12/06)

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.8

4.2

4.6

SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL SPECIFIC TOTAL GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME GRAVITY VOLUME

1500 1515 1531 1547 1563 1579 1596 1613 1631 1649 1667 1686 1705 1725 1745 1765 1786 1808 1830 1852 1875 1899 1923 1948 1974 2000 2027 2055 2083 2113 2143 2174 2206 2239 2273

42.67 41.41 40.21 39.04 37.93 36.85 35.81 34.81 33.84 32.90 32.00 31.13 30.28 29.46 28.67 27.90 27.15 26.43 25.73 25.04 24.38 23.74 23.11 22.50 21.91 21.33 20.77 20.23 19.69 19.17 18.67 18.17 17.68 17.22 16.76

1524 1540 1556 1573 1590 1608 1626 1644 1663 1682 1702 1722 1743 1764 1786 1808 1831 1854 1878 1903 1928 1954 1980 2008 2036 2065 2094 2125 2156 2189 2222 2257 2293 2330 2367

42.00 40.74 39.54 38.37 37.26 36.18 35.14 34.14 33.17 32.23 31.33 30.46 29.61 28.79 28.00 27.23 26.48 25.76 25.06 24.37 23.71 23.07 22.44 21.83 21.24 20.66 20.10 19.56 19.02 18.50 18.00 17.50 17.01 16.55 16.09

1545 1562 1580 1598 1616 1635 1654 1673 1693 1714 1735 1756 1778 1801 1824 1848 1872 1897 1923 1950 1977 2005 2034 2064 2094 2125 2157 2191 2225 2261 2297 2335 2374 2415 2457

41.41 40.15 38.95 37.78 36.67 35.59 34.55 33.55 32.58 31.64 30.74 29.87 29.02 28.20 27.41 26.64 25.89 25.17 24.47 23.78 23.12 22.48 21.85 21.24 20.65 20.07 19.51 18.97 18.43 17.91 17.41 16.91 16.42 15.96 15.50

1583 1602 1621 1641 1661 1682 1703 1724 1746 1769 1792 1816 1841 1866 1892 1919 1947 1977 2004 2034 2065 2097 2130 2164 2199 2236 2273 2312 2352 2396 2436 2481 2527 2575 2624

40.42 39.16 37.96 36.79 35.68 34.60 33.56 32.56 31.59 30.65 29.75 28.88 28.03 27.21 26.42 25.65 24.90 24.18 23.48 22.79 22.13 21.49 20.86 20.25 19.66 19.08 18.52 17.98 17.44 16.92 16.42 15.92 15.43 14.97 14.51

1615 1635 1656 1677 1699 1721 1744 1768 1792 1817 1842 1868 1895 1923 1952 1981 2011 2043 2075 2109 2143 2179 2215 2254 2293 2335 2376 2420 2465 2514 2561 2613 2665 2721 2778

39.62 38.36 37.16 35.99 34.88 33.80 32.76 31.76 30.79 29.85 28.95 28.08 27.23 26.41 25.62 24.85 24.10 23.38 22.68 21.99 21.33 20.69 20.06 19.45 18.86 18.28 17.72 17.18 16.64 16.12 15.62 15.12 14.63 14.17 13.71

1643 1664 1686 1709 1732 1756 1780 1805 1831 1858 1885 1914 1943 1973 2003 2035 2068 2103 2138 2177 2212 2251 2291 2333 2376 2422 2468 2517 2567 2620 2674 2732 2791 2855 2919

38.96 37.70 36.50 35.33 34.22 33.14 32.10 31.10 30.13 29.19 28.29 27.42 26.57 25.75 24.96 24.19 23.44 22.72 22.02 21.33 20.68 20.03 19.40 18.79 18.20 17.62 17.06 16.52 15.98 15.46 14.96 14.46 13.97 13.51 13.05

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE

KREBS CYCLONES

INDUSTRIAL (Rev 12/06)

Prints/Part Lists The following is a set of drawings, parts lists, capacity curves and other technical information regarding the equipment with which this manual is supplied.