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IEEE Std 100-1996 ENT000106 Submitted: March 28, 2012

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The IEEE Standard DicliDlutry of I Electrical and Electronics T-er~ Sixth Edition Standards Coordinating Committee 10, Terms and Definitions Jane Radatz, Chair

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This standrud is one of a number of infonnation technology dictionaries being developed by standards organizations accredited by the American National Standards Institute, This dictionary wa,. developed under the sponsorship of voluntary standards organi1.anons, using a consensus-based process,

ISBN 1-55937-833-b

111,IIlJ lilill

'\1, YI.~v Introduction Since the first edition in 1941 of lhe American Sllllldard Definitions of Eleclrical Tenns, the work nOw lmown a.; IEEE Std 100, The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms. has evolved into the unique compendium of terms that it is today. The current edition includes .Iltenns defined ill approved IEEE standards through December 1996. Tenns are categorized by Lheir technical subject area. They are ai'w associated with the standards or publications in whkh they currently appear. In some cases, tenns from withdrawn standards are included when no current source can be found. Earlier editions of IEEE Std 100 included lenus from sources other than IEEE standards, such as technical journals. books. OT conference proceedings. These terms have been maintained for Lhe sake of consistency and their sources are listed with the standards in the back of the book. "..it The practice of defining terms varies from srandard to ~tandard. Many working groups that write standards prefer to work with existing definitions, while olhers choose to write (heir own. Thus tenns may have several similar, although nOl id{",ntical, definitions. Definitions have been combined where'\ier it has been possible to do so by making only minor editorial changes. Otherwise, they have been left as wrillen in the origillltl standard. lJsers of IEEE Std 100 occasionally comment On the surprising omission of a pilrticular tenn commonly used in an electrical or electronics field. This occurs because the terms in IEEE Std 100 represent only those defined in the existing or paST body of IEEE standards. To respond to this, some working groups obmin authorization Lo create a glossary of tenns used in their field. All existing, approved SlaDdard glossaries have been incorporated into this edition of IEEE Std 100. including the mOST currertl glossaries of tenns for computers and power engineering. IEEE working groups are encouraged to refer to IEEE S td 100 when developing new or revised standards to avoid redundancy, They are also encouraged 10 ~nvestigate deficiencies in standard tenDS and create standard glossaries Lo alleviate them. The sponsoring body for this document was Slandanls Coordinnting Committee 10 on Definitions (SCCIO), which consisted of the following members:

Jane Radatz, Chair John W. Balde Arthur Ballato Bruce Barrow William Carey Frank A. Denbrock Jay Forster

Chri, Heegard John Horch J. L. Koepfingcr Allen H. Meitzler

Frank D. Mym David E. Roberts

rillalllllill 8001151778

F. A. Saal Ralph M. Show.", Edward N. Skornal Kenne~th L. Swinth Raymond S. Turgel F.dward F. Vance

When the IEEE Standards Board approved rhis standard on 10 December 1996, it had the following membership.

Richard J. Hulleman, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary

Donald C. Loughry, Chair

E. G. "'AI "' Kiener Joseph L. KoepfJnger' Slephen R. l..lImbert Lawrence V . McCaJl

Gilles A. Baril Clyde R. Camp J"'eph A. CMJ1lIIelli Stephen L. Diamond Harold E. Epstein Donald C. Fleckenstein

L. Bruce McClung Man::o W . Migliaro Mary Lou Padgeu

Jay Forster·

John W . Pope

Donald N. Heinnan Ben C. JOrulSOO

Jose R. Ramos Arthur K. Reilly ROnald H . Reimer GlU)I S . Robinson Ingo RUsch

John S. Ryan

Chee Kiow Tan Leonard L. Tripp Howard L Wolfman

• Member Emeritus

Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Slalldards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal Alan H. Cookson CheslCT C. Taylor

Kim 8reirfeLder (l995·presenl), IEEE Std /00 Editor 51ephen Huffman (1993-1995). IEEE SId 100 Editor

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Assistance was prOVided by the IEEE Stll1ldards editorial staff.

How to use this dictionary The terms defined in Ihis dicliorurry are listed in lelter·by·lerter alphabetical order. Spaces are ignored in this style of alphabetization, so cable v