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• Isidro Parro

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Listening skills practice: The Maasai and the lions - exercises Listen to the speaker talking about the Maasai and the lions and do the exercises to practise and improve your listening skills. Do the preparation exercise before you listen. Then do the other exercises to check your understanding.

1. Preparation: matching Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write a–e next to the numbers 1–5. 1……..

20

a.

How much does the average male lion weigh? (kilograms)

2……..

between 2 and 4

b.

How many years does a lion in the wild live?

3……..

180

c.

How many cubs can a female lion have in one litter?

4……..

12

d.

What is the fastest speed a lion can run? (kilometres per hour)

5……..

81

e.

How many hours a day do lions spend resting?

2. Check your understanding: multiple choice Circle the best answer to these questions. 1.

How did the Maasai people feel about lions in the past? a. They strongly disliked them.

2.

b. So they can take their cows to a different area.

c. So they can protect their families.

b. They don’t understand them.

c. They are annoyed by them.

Why did Olubi Lairumbe change his mind about killing lions? a. He saw how dangerous hunting lions could be.

6.

c. To train local people to protect the lions.

How do other local people feel about the Lion Guardians? a. They respect them.

5.

b. To protect the lions and allow experts to do research.

Why do the Lion Guardians tell local farmers where lions are? a. So they can kill the lions.

4.

c. They loved them.

What is the aim of the Lion Guardians scheme? a. To move the lions to a different, safer area.

3.

b. They were not sure how they felt.

b. He killed a pregnant lion and felt very bad about it.

How does Mingati Makarot know where the lions are?

c. He learnt more about lions and realised he was wrong.

Listening skills practice: The Maasai and the lions - exercises a. He uses special tracking equipment. 7.

c. By doing something brave.

c. Young men are given special names without killing lions.

b. Young men can use their father’s name.

What do the Lion Guardians do to help people see lions as part of the community? a. Give people photos of the lions.

10.

b. By having the characteristics of a lion.

How has the naming tradition changed? a. Young men have to kill more lions to a get a name.

9.

c. He uses information provided by his team.

How do Maasai warriors get a lion name, traditionally? a. By killing a lion.

8.

b. He uses his knowledge of the area and hunting skills.

b. Tell people stories about the lions.

c. Give the lions Maasai names.

What is the key factor in the scheme's success? a. The Maasai have changed their culture but kept their identity.

b. The Maasai can influence people from neighbouring areas.

c. The Maasai have always wanted to protect lions.

3. Check your understanding: gap fill Do this exercise while you listen. Write a word or words to fill the gaps. 1.

The Maasai people and the lions were enemies because the lions wanted to kill the tribe’s _______________.

2.

Now, there is a new scheme to _______________ lions.

3.

The aim is for local people to manage and protect lions, without any involvement from _______________.

4.

The Lion Guardians learn a range of skills including how to manage _______________ between humans and lions.

5.

In the past, lost livestock was often _______________ by carnivores.

6.

If someone is going to carry out a lion _______________, the Lion Guardians try to persuade them not to.

7.

Olubi Lairumbe has killed _______________ lions in his lifetime.

8.

Olubi appeared on the Africa documentary _______________.

9.

Mingati’s lion name means one who is _______________ and doesn’t lag behind.

10.

Traditionally, after killing a lion, the warrior brings the lion’s mane and _______________ back

Listening skills practice: The Maasai and the lions - exercises home as a trophy. 11.

After the naming tradition changed, boys who wanted to prove their bravery were given _______________ tasks.

12.

Since the programme began in 2007, no lions have been killed in the area, compared to _______________ in the neighbouring area.

Discussion What’s your opinion of the Lion Guardians scheme? Is there ever any conflict between animals and humans where you live? I think that …

Vocabulary Box

Write any new words you have learnt in this lesson.

Reading skills practice: The history of graffiti – exercises Is graffiti a vibrant urban art form or senseless vandalism? When did graffiti first become popular? Read this article to find out about the history of street art and hear from both sides of the debate.

Preparation Are these ideas for or against graffiti? Circle for or against. 1.

Graffiti is a way for people to express their ideas and feelings.

for

against

2.

It is a waste of money cleaning it up.

for

against

3.

Graffiti ruins public areas and makes children afraid to play in parks.

for

against

4.

Graffiti makes a town look more attractive.

for

against

5.

Why should one person decide what public property looks like?

for

against

6.

Museums and art galleries now include graffiti in their collections.

for

against

7.

Graffiti is art.

for

against

8.

Graffiti is vandalism.

for

against

Reading skills practice: The history of graffiti – exercises 1. Check your understanding: matching Write the paragraph headings next to the paragraphs. One heading is not needed. Art or vandalism?

Increasing exposure and attention

Famous graffiti artists

The future of graffiti

Not just a modern phenomenon

1.

paragraph 1

______________________________

2.

paragraph 2

______________________________

3.

paragraph 3

______________________________

4.

paragraph 4

______________________________

5.

not needed

______________________________

2. Check your understanding: multiple choice Circle the best answer to these questions. 1.

Why was the seventies an important decade in the history of graffiti? a. That was when modern graffiti first appeared. b. That was when modern graffiti first became really popular. c. That was when graffiti first reached New York.

2.

What is a 'masterpiece' in graffiti? a. A really high-quality piece of graffiti. b. A work of graffiti showing the artist's name. c. A full piece of graffiti, like those seen on subway trains.

3.

What was the main motivation for the first taggers? a. Showing which streets belonged to which gangs. b. Creating a strong visual identity for their 'crew'. c. Sending coded messages to other gangs.

4.

Who coined the phrase 'graffiti'? a. New York gangs who had a lot of Italian immigrant members. b. A newspaper and an author. c. The man who was the mayor of New York in the late seventies.

5.

How did things change after the first war on graffiti? a. It was considered a more serious crime. b. Graffiti artists had to find different places to paint. c. New York looked a lot cleaner.

Reading skills practice: The history of graffiti – exercises 6.

What does New York city councillor Peter Vallone say about graffiti? a. Graffiti can be good for cities as long as it is tasteful and conveys positive messages. b. Graffiti can be beautiful if it is done by a skilled artist. c. Graffiti is a crime if the artist does not have permission.

7.

What do the Berlin-based group Reclaim Your City say about graffiti? a. Involving young people in graffiti stops them getting involved with serious crime. b. Graffiti helps the public to own the streets and take control away from advertisers. c. Graffiti actually increases the value of property by making the area more attractive.

8.

What is the author's final point? a. Graffiti has now become mainstream and can make artists a lot of money. b. Graffiti is not a good way to become a respected artist. c. Some of the most popular graffiti artists end up being exploited by the art world.

3. Check your vocabulary: gap fill Complete the gaps with a noun from the box. spray paints

stencil

property

springboard

vandal

taggers

crews

canvas

1.

People who graffiti their names are called ______________.

2.

Graffiti is usually done with ______________.

3.

Taggers originally worked in groups called ______________.

4.

A piece of heavy fabric on which a painting can be created is called a ______________.

5.

Something that someone owns is called their ______________.

6.

A person who deliberately destroys or damages someone else's property is called a ______________.

7.

If something helps to start an activity or process, we say it is a ______________ to doing something.

8.

A piece of plastic, cardboard or other material with a design cut into it to reproduce that pattern is called a ______________.

Discussion What do you think about graffiti? Is it art or vandalism?

Reading skills practice: Your digital footprint – exercises Every time you do anything on the internet you leave a trail behind you, in the same way you leave a footprint when you walk on sand or mud. Do you know how to take care of your digital footprint? Here are some tips.

Preparation Match the words with similar meanings and write a–h next to the numbers 1–8. 1…….. suitable

a. a track

2…….. a trail

b. to show

3…….. details

c.

4…….. to abandon

d. complicated

5…….. to reveal

e. a purpose

6…….. a function

f.

7…….. complex

g. an employer

8…….. a recruiter

h. appropriate

to leave

information

Reading skills practice: Your digital footprint – exercises

Reading skills practice: Your digital footprint – exercises 1. Check your understanding: multiple choice Circle the best answer to these questions. 1.

When you go online, you … a. can choose what information is recorded about you. b. leave a trail showing where you’ve been and what you’ve been doing. c. send information to recruiters.

2.

If people search for information about you, they can find your … a. bookmarked websites. b. passwords. c. digital footprint.

3.

Someone could pretend to be you if you don’t log off when … a. abandoning a site. b. posting a comment. c. sharing a photo.

4.

You should make your passwords difficult to guess by … a. using all capital letters. b. making them complex. c. including a symbol.

5.

If a user reports inappropriate content, … a. web managers usually react immediately. b. recruiters often respond. c. other users want to read what they’ve said.

6.

You should report abusive remarks on the internet … a. if you think they are really serious. b. in all cases. c. if you can find the contact and have time.

7.

To remember your favourite websites, you can use the … a. browser. b. bookmark function. c. mobile device.

8.

Think carefully before … a. sharing your favourite website online. b. sharing your comments online. c. sharing personal information online.

Reading skills practice: Your digital footprint – exercises 2. Check your understanding: grouping Write the tips in the correct group. write your password in a place where you can find it easily.

use a picture instead of a photo of yourself.

use the history button to find a favourite website.

forget to erase your browser history.

keep quiet about inappropriate content that you come across.

use punctuation marks in your password.

log off when you leave a website.

use your name when you post comments online.

Do …

Discussion How do you take care of your digital footprint?

Don’t …

Writing skills practice: A magazine article – exercises Look at the article and do the exercises to improve your writing skills.

Preparation Do you know how to write a magazine article? Circle True or False for these sentences. 1.

An article should always be written using formal language.

True

False

2.

You should use paragraphs when writing an article.

True

False

3.

Don’t express your opinion in an article.

True

False

4.

Your article should have a catchy title.

True

False

5.

You should ask the reader questions in your article.

True

False

Writing skills practice: A magazine article – exercises

1. Check your understanding: multiple choice Circle the best option to complete these sentences. 1.

The writer thinks a person's school life is never really happy / is the happiest time in their life / can be made miserable by bullying .

2.

Bullying is common / rare / happening everywhere , in the writer’s experience.

3.

The writer's friend was bullied at school / online / at school and online .

4.

The boy who was being bullied had a very strange / funny / bad experience.

5.

The writer thinks students / teachers / parents could do more about this problem.

6.

Students / Teachers / Parents can also support people who are being bullied.

2. Check your writing: word 2 word – questions Write the words in the correct order to make questions. 1.

is

What

exactly

bullying?

…………………………………………………………………………………….………………….. 2.

do

Why

like

behave

bullies

this?

…………………………………………………………………………………….………………….. 3.

the

bullying?

are

What

consequences

of

…………………………………………………………………………………….………………….. 4.

a

you

tell

teacher or

Should

parent?

…………………………………………………………………………………….………………….. 5.

stop

can

What

do

bullying?

to

people

…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..

Writing skills practice: A magazine article – exercises 3. Check your writing: gap fill – opinion adverbs Complete the gaps with a word from the box. Personally

Unfortunately

Surprisingly

Obviously

Basically

1.

_______________, bullying is quite common in many schools.

2.

_______________, there are three types of bullying: physical, verbal and social.

3.

_______________, people who are being bullied often feel really upset by it.

4.

_______________, research shows that teachers only notice one in twenty-five bullying incidents.

5.

_______________, I think teachers could do more to stop bullying.

Discussion How serious a problem is bullying where you live? What can be done to stop bullying in schools?

Writing skills practice: A for and against essay – exercises Look at the essay and do the exercises to improve your writing skills.

Preparation Complete the tips for writing a for and against essay with a word from the box. disagree

formal

plan

reasons

1.

You should give your _______________ on the topic.

2.

Always give _______________ for your opinions.

3.

You can agree, _______________ or discuss both sides of the statement.

4.

The register used in an essay is usually quite _______________.

5.

You need to _______________ your essay carefully before you start writing.

opinions

Writing skills practice: A for and against essay – exercises

Writing skills practice: A for and against essay – exercises

1. Check your writing: grouping – ideas Here are some ideas for a new essay entitled ‘Is it acceptable to keep animals in zoos?’ Circle whether each point answers Yes or No to the question.

1.

Zoos educate the public and give children the chance to see animals they could never normally see.

Yes

No

2.

Animals in zoos often suffer from stress and boredom.

Yes

No

3.

Sometimes animals escape from their enclosures, which is dangerous for humans.

Yes

No

4.

Zoos protect animals by bringing them into a safe environment.

Yes

No

5.

Bigger zoos have lots of space and make sure the animals have everything they need to be healthy and happy.

Yes

No

6.

It is not right to imprison an animal, just for the entertainment of humans.

Yes

No

7.

Unwanted animals from zoos are sometimes sold to circuses, hunting parks and even for meat.

Yes

No

8.

Many zoos help endangered species to find a mate and breed. They would not have this help in the wild.

Yes

No

Writing skills practice: A for and against essay – exercises 2. Check your writing: gap fill – useful phrases Fill the gaps in the essay with the correct word or phrase from the box. Another drawback is

One advantage of

Personally

In addition

On the other hand

There is no doubt

positive aspect of

To conclude

1

__________________________ that the subject of keeping animals in zoos creates a lot

of debate. Some people say zoos are traditional family entertainment and good for animals. Others say keeping animals in zoos is cruel and inhumane.

2

__________________________ zoos is that they give people the chance to see and learn

about animals. This makes people more likely to want to look after animals and protect their natural habitats. Another 3__________________________ zoos is that they help to protect endangered species by offering them a safe place to live. 4

__________________________, zoos help to find mates for endangered species. For

example, many pandas would not find a mate to breed with if they were on their own in the wild.

5

__________________________, there are many arguments against keeping animals in

zoos. Firstly, zoo animals often suffer from stress and boredom when they are not in their natural habitat. Secondly, unwanted animals are sometimes sold to circuses, hunting parks or for meat. 6__________________________ that animals sometimes escape from their enclosures, which is dangerous for humans.

7

__________________________, there are strong arguments for and against keeping

animals in zoos. 8__________________________, I think it is acceptable to keep animals in zoos, as long as they have enough space and are properly looked after.

Discussion What's your opinion? Do you think the internet is bad for young people? Do you think it is acceptable to keep animals in zoos?