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-. iftI

(-)JtHbt_LY6trg

fitt{fiE[ÉxtÉf; -) &irl it ffi (-) E/aínnn (-)fi68€xtÉ4.É,fi (

(=)BJL+NIL4WI ( E)iieÉ!€YHftJrHÉ4+* ''E."

tr¡"6"

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T, t-^z ())\

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E. iÉrÉ

E)WT

(,-) Ih,R,EXü+trFEtsXffi ( ttHE fR' ""'--ffi/;ñ-f+ -) ' ( -);6{H"""ffi'-El''"''

n, r#4 (38)

rRI

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"

=srn

,#H

?{g*yEIT

r r r I I I I I I

ll

I I

r r rrl I t

rl

E &irl Shéngcí ffi I\ew Words 1. g-4N'

(

2. *4UZ

(&

3. {.

(

bidnhud

to change;

)

shüjiü

sllmnler vacarion

)

hói

¿rl-*o; as

d. fi ) -É¡jlj

still;

4. Lb 5. AP

) (#)

6. É

(

( y'|

Fiü

)

r.:iran¡re

we}i; roo; in adcliti.cn;

yet

bI

dr¿n; ( superior or in{:erior)

rénkóu

1:opulation

zui

mnsr; best; ieasr; to rire higii-

ro

est o¡ lowest clegree

ñ 'd. 8. H zt,

G) @)

g. ,+-tñ

(dJ. &)

7.

ü.-* 11. A L2. g 10.

13.

i*;j¿

G) (-t*) (Eü) (

l]'t)

(.€ ) 4X 15. nÉ-ft" ' {tri) ( É) 16. T-Ét7. nX-n ( &) (,€ ) 18. kn ( l*. F=) 19. ?fr+l 20. n¡A i€) L4.

chéngshi zéngjio jidnzhü

to i*crease

guóqü

past

bidn géng pidoliong

cirr

to cclnstrucr; archirecru¡:e

to change; ro l:ecome different mor-e; even rüore l:¡eautifr*

dóngtion

.n

nuónhuo

wann

késhi nuónqj tiónqi yübdo q)wén

inter

bur

ileating ( si,stem) r,r,earher

ro forer:asr; forecasr tempt-'rature

.3.

/

/--

21. Ér

('lYn)

goo

ttril; liigh

ÍÉ

/

dü

ciegtee

23.

E+

(€)

wüzi

rootll

24.

AÉ

( 291.

gónjué

to f'eel; sen$e

.J- --> 2s. '&)É

(4)

jiótíng

faniil.¡,

26. tr*48

(ñ)

¡Y

ruguon

hotc"l

27. +É-re

(!{,)

fündidn

hotel;

28. 4_

(&,

mí

farn; to inclulge in ; to l¡e cra4¡

na LL.

>

,/->1-

\

-t1?.

\

=¡*r* ./

l¡r Ér)

6n)

restau-ra,nt

airout

29. x,

(

30. e,n+

31.

#*

32. rfl,+"

guong

only

( ,tTü )

yéxü

perhaps; rnaylle; p.rol:al:ly

{&i (&- fri)

gúdión

ciassical

xidndüi

modern times; modeni

Eiilj

)

33.

trF

{&)

shijié

world

34.

.z

ú

(&)

míngqü

a f¿mous song or melod,v

3s. F.,€t

(&)

míngé

foik song

i6. irf"4i

(ffi)

liúxíng

popular

37.

{tü

(ñ)

géqú

s()ng

38.

+#

(Yt)

nronqrng

yoilng

3s. €LtiJ

(&)

gecl

verse

40.

ñe

(,ft)

yóuxié

s0ine

4t. .4.

É.€

ftT)

yóoyuón

clista¡rt

r r r

H

#rrs^Fi},,

rl rl rl

Zhüsht

ffi r.{otes ould

T T T T

f*m

It

means

7ñf[ ffi f'+ii, "

"it's not very easy to describe".

"ñÉ" ,

ErJi¡]"

*zixfñ'f

music.

e*E fu1#vJbvw.Épli&F" É'Bj^E +yÉÉ

tñ

blñtulxtá-, {E,ü.,}E.L É' ttfrxü#-" F¡J!fr "ñ8" is an adverb here, which indicates that a choice is made after compari,

son of two things. Sometimes the object of comparison does not appear

in the sentence

but there is such an object in the mind of the speaker, e. g.

(1) A: *"{n*-L-)+4..fr_*É+?

B: ++* É+oe'o (2) *.'fn++e, )¡(+ *oe' (ú4.¡Jgndi4eift++ "

t

(3

rl rl

changed tremendously

'; n

!ffiT LLw)

) *++érk.+4+ F.. . ( É-brr,,ftÉ,fr4¿,ñ1ffi,fr +t&Trtfi)

T

t

sayf

I still prefer classical

r t T t

I

in

these years.

"8,r1+"

É,1É,H,8 "&.fr.)LF,, o FÉlEftid )L,,

"ütl+"

means

.¿

"&jtn+"

.,(in recent years).

" in this context refers to an approximate

tE*JtHÉffJLtr" Beijing)

, " L"

&ügtm to DJTÉ,I

T."

interrogative pronoun

number below 10. In the text

"tffiÉ,|ft

(The temperature in Shanghai is a few degrees higher than in

is also an approximate number.

.5.

¿á /9

14s'

The temperature ¡¡

in

Shanghai is a lot higher than that

in Beijing.

..... -'4+4" H7Ebbfi6l+, #6#ryJ2tEl Ét*5lJ7t"

"4+"'*"

ís used in a comparative construction, suggesting that the difference

between two things is vast.

1) it4+ vv..nls4+ftíi ? " (2) it++i. E]"vflls+ x4+ t

(

"

lEl iFi* Yüró @ Grammar @ " !b"

+fi

The " bv"

sentence

ttfrffi+S{/JZl1É'iÉ5üHfH " bq" ?H' A LL B"¡"'o The "

Lb"

sentence is used to show the difference between two persons or things

through a comparison in the pattern " A

(1)

bV

8,....."

.

\+)Lvu"ia1+,1*"

(2) É/Ñ

( xlguó

(3) X*-

( ooxiang: elephant)

¡

watermelon)

tb+Ri(. bU'ñF.lü (xióngmóo: panda)

É"

@ew .6.

I I I

rr

t t t t t I

!T t ! !T ¡

I t

fL

,,LY,''

+AE, iNRi,Fi,FEfl#iE, il/Aif,EüZSÉEH "IR.. F.' IFH"

+Eüiñ" In a " th" sentence, if the predicate is an adjective, it cannot be preceded "lFH" etc. , e. g. such adverbs as "48" , '€",

by

7FÉEiI,: x n *x.YU)"1,+4k+*." x

É/ÑB+RlRri"

bv,

(4) *t,,'t,*.€.tk+F.. (s

) d¡ ¡biü-á xk+ 4 "

iH+ai"fffi)Ltt#+l.lF, " fun q.utlfrdjiFlÉi, rEEIrfE+l,iFÉf . MJgn, If the v"rb h"s'a complement of state " W"" can be placed either before the verb 7

or before the complement, e. g. (6

,

) 4&-vY ¿4 4+*T " / 4&,+ 4+ rb *. if "

(7) *.4x-

/t; ffi "*",

vu,4t.*4++

"'4+*".

,.-

" /#,+k*4+vy,{&+ "

**7"

+#ü#.FU:." üt|in,

.7.

When we want to tell the difference of things in a rough rraffrer, we use

¡(

tr-b" (8

,

"4+9"

- "*7"

for Limited difference,

and"$"

) i)4+ÁR-^

R-vuJb,t nÉ4"-,F* JL?

"*,R)L"

for huge üfference, €.8.

(e) i*.'f+tbfll(4+ñ 9 -t " (

10) *üt&,4+!b*.'l*,4+ ?

,,bL"

É!68€ *IFH", AE

The negative form for "

(11

"AYV"

l(" is " ]ftfi-" ,

"

MIJfuN

not " /ÑbL"

,

e. 8-

) a+/rtb r(+,1*. ---+ r(+tt4-n +Jü'I*o

(12) É/ÑLb+Rjio ( 13

"

)

Xá-vu'ftUfiúÉ

---+

+Xjk-ñÉ/Ñii"

" -+ ÉF.¿ñ )k-ñ X*É

"

"7Ñyv,"

" AAL|.. 8......" is only

used to express disagreement or refutation.

(14) A *"fr4evY'á-h-tu " B

*"x

vu4ú,a

(15) A +X-.L

4X,

B

" ?¡"{n¿m É-^ 9 á "

t{fr" . }i+^vY-¿U',í814".

ÉvU,Jb,É

@ e H/;ftHB (EL/üFA) th¡n]

"A'

The verb

.8.

+frtFrl

...as...as.../not as-..as...

tz\üSÜ- 'fÉÉ"

uH"

may be used to denote

"as... as... "

I I I I I I

t t ll t t r T t t T

t t I

É FX,*H TBt hlEIF. l{

f ffis€.

; 6 É*,*ffi

The affirmative form is normally used in questions or rhetorical questions while the negative form is used mostly in indicative sentences, e. g. (

1) A: **'ñ4R (sZ ) ñ"4t B *ü,r4.á*\ ('¿a) á"

(2) A 4&iLtr.+

4+,F"

A ++?

B: #"rkñ4,+*4+ (fllsA) *f . (3) *"4nrF/L+RrA.árS.,¡U

w "E".fH ¡'Et" "E É.Ezs

vY,l¿Jit"

('LA) A.

(more)" and "ñ (most)"

i( *-vuÉ,E¿üÉ-iio

i(-

8-&x"

g#

ww

+Rlbffi áÉ" É/Ñ!b+Rq-É. É/ÑÉÉ.

J

j1+

vY,

A

4i +

,lk

" a +/r vY,i.1+ E-,bt o a +tL&,|*..

ffi@

-9.

nt of quantity bL

Éü"

&s

+2 iÉl

fr É

. fE tr É! E'f+ É 5lJ Ft ffi ffi É

+ I'

iF

"

& É + l' iF g rtMEME i-'l

iFJSÉ'

A complement of quantity is used to show specific difference(s) in quantity or degree between two things.

A

complement of this type is placed after an adjective. The

grammatical order:

(

1) y

(

2)

! vY-,*"Ía,4+'l*.f+4.+"

4üvV tr"

tr" XÉr

y.

Hn!6ltzs/*FX, Exclamatory r".r,"rraes express exclamations.

@ x,rg

+Mۖ

/H (.ó) + Adjective (1) Ji.*fT !

t

(too)

(2) l*t! (3)

'ii.,rUÉtÁtÉ4á

/*FN6Jñ ffiTlEXNffi5

!

" MJ!n,

Exclamatory sentences are not used in objective descriptions, e. g.

z * 4úk- + +*?t, *rf ^ÉEifi,

ñjar{", 4úfr-* +4k*? frI +')F .

W fite +ft26ld *T (so) / * (how) + Adjective

. 10.

"

"

trxHÍn

"

[FE["

o

Exclamatory sentences with the pattern often have an " (1

) 4ú,8 4+ t *f-"H

(2) €4-z}E*f (3

ffih

iFÉ' ( 1)

e. g.

!

7FE'FI

!

) 4&"fr, i*.-{_gtr¿t4t1;t E 4+ 9 *t,W

Eil#.a

[[!]" at the end,

I

Lidnxí @ Exercises Phonetics

+#É$+iJE Pronunciations and tones

chéngshi yübdo fdndidn míngqü

chéngshí yibdo fóngjión míngqi

tiónqi qiwén chdngpidn liúxíng

didnqi

qüwén chóngjidn lüxíng

(2) BEi* Read out the following phrases

{AÉ

t*.*.

FJ&

iñ,El#- #$

a4+t xi+g +t4+4 t4+g

-K+rtlbR+,R w #lblK #,+4+*t hrt,rp,l+'b*",i* i 4x:'v'HF knÉfr" € gA (

)*;i¿4+4

i( +fkñn+A,i* rK

#jkñw #+4+*t

É.rÉ+ra,4+ybt_.fug:1*.

+khlJ n¡avu,BFRñ

ffi tr-

Substitution exercises

1) A: ¿+4t€. Al+? B: €f4t¡blrls++f "¡. .

11 .

t I I t (2)

A

A{+ii

B

i*4+rA.á n14+fr

:'v'nr4*fr,4t "

I I

I

T

,l

I

,I ,l (3) A nF)L#¡-teñ ¿uaagt B

vY,lV,,í-ft4+

t.

I

'l

I

I

I . 12.

I

I

(4) *ü"B€i"gliru¿f"

(s)

A B

41,4¡t#*4i*tt #,ikñ+ú,á4+*t.

ilLY XffrY " (*"rU4.*tffrg.)

(6) A 4kvu''üB

?

. 13.

# tiag*

(1)

Choose the right words to

+*fr

4&.

(2) +\4n

A*#r+f-lbüiL

(3) *"4n

l!t-

fill in the blanks

R-¡fcrL'F.

fÉ+*f'Ft +"

,*

(4) 4&-,fr-* ,tX-¡i¿ +&-q

r^6&fr

(s)

*;k_ñ

(6)

E*--_{-str

4&nF

A

fr-Hft.!ü

,m,-g

ñ

X-tl,-vY'&

,

"

+;¡kR{t, *"-árk-

4tü

"

o

(7) (8)

(1) Jb it Bdi",fll nF tt' (2) *"*n*nrt,*\" (3)

4k+r*ü *tsvu*,fu41

(4) 'M]'Y,'*"fuí+ (5) i{.4+¿{ th.nv-]'un!4+ (6) E

4+ #J Éfr€.l'uflfs4+

(7) B¡ Á-I'&#rniePblbÉ (8) 14.

+kklliftv\wF X

,l

I

,l

I

t

h

F tr l'f

h h h I

(1) 66-+R*rslLnk

_f

t)t, +ir

+t á_f

(2)

É/g_nx,*&-, *Toh? nfrj -@, &_ort,lÉ" *,F *f -.^. L&#J*\¿%*f -á-, +X-*. &fr_4k r N.fr , +\{n_e #*ioe "

(3) /6 Él ;t*"iA."f'tÉ, (4)

(s) (6)

(7) ñ L)ú,Kf (8) 4f.€-

, A_Fl , " 4tr,fr-z^É-&-*f ?"

ztL&_*,

üh++_t*áT

F T

I

rl rl I I t rl

t t

t)tf "

(1) jtrFÉt i+'ix 4&fr (2)

(3)

(s)

¡x_ñ z

A: *""44t,, 4&,€. A^g E7 B: xtn*9, d,(¡t"f&*Yf", A: 4&ñ --h-É't ¡Xñt

itot-.

: fr

, 4ü ÉE&I4t vo,ü "fu " A: *,)fr, )' ü.Lb 9#,4 *S*..f&- t ¡Xñl B

(4)

_t

"

--l B:4t.rk*Fltk TZÉ_*L, ,ltl, ;l*f-6 P ov-,, fetE Ji-l& T .

4t9J+*

f

-É*E_.

(6)

A: *,+41,Ét + 4lífr_f ,k-fi? B: A¡Xñfr 'FY-," (8) itiFiFiá,É* tt 4t, *jk-ñfr_"

(7)

.15.

S

*m.glJtllü4+

t

Practise after the models

zJrlK

zJr4

ujrE

Hffi

180cm

l75crr'

170cm

,f+E

70kg

65kg

60kg

es1'ü

eo

tl

+ffiE

20

ffiffi

E+

1,

100

j)

+|ffitr

24

@ *¡¡*if

(1)

r

hffiE

A: 'nfE.g&a? o

A:

? flls

22

++

1,

++

Complete the following dialogues

B:

B:

lg&

20 *.-" . 16.

++

vu

d. /A e

-Ft

.- ^

I t t

II tI I

(2)

la630Oz}E

lr b

A

!I t ;

Il

t I t

rl rl rl

I

JtFIáK'a&"4?

B

A B

(3)

&irrbÉ,$& &irrbÉr$& T6¡0o-¿l

?

fsooTñl

ffi

A: n$# ü¡üáj¿

W áfr,4t

B:

A: $.á ü¡s ru B: i*.á

ü¡ü'b

A: 9tf67-ñ F*fá +É,4? .17-

t

B:

A:

o

,K ÉI VV,*#J

B: ,g-fá

f

?

vY'9ttTÉ 5 z},t

"

.

A: h-rt'vut9ffifu4¡'+'4? B:

A: hfr,vur5ffi

uft,*g

B: hÉ,vvr4i6

EÉ,*g

@ ?IffiCJ (

Conect the sentences

1) 4&,4t1t1 *:ÉvVv\ffilk*T

(2) r4 rF t -r ti"tfrbv#"+ (3) (4

)

*ú,nfr,yuü"*|ii 9

F' X'

-r3r

'b*.

^

(s) 4ú-4ntb*.4ll 18.

"

f l\tfr*T .

"

.

6+4++"

I I I I I t

I I

t I I I I

t

I t I I

(6) É-É,!b+\-,É.JLÉ.

@ ffiTE*Bñ,HREI#T'Ü Iqru Answer the questions according to actual situations (1

)

Jb,:ñr.-XÉaÉ-8

(2) 4&.lrilt#.ñ t,É (3) i+€

ii+á

Pb

10000

(4) ,4ffii+*tf

9s

f

L4

f

tr

É,

4k4¡l

Éó4q. Gi.,4?

t + 4-, 4h4ü ++i.Él +A vbi+€ n+ g,ht

^,

4t.+4+ybrú,*T,q?

(s) Ff,**+-t1fab5 ts t;rg , (6) üÁ4Á-

A TÉi 4-X-!bJb;tA"4t

4&q4+vv4&-'l*.,h?

7 ,*. 45 +ltl&g, 4,ív1tüEtl4++,q?

(7) ,h+'ñ=E

?Af i+ , !k#r+*.+ vVlüg,42

(8) Y ¿4Xry,1#-+,J.Fl ,

4,kffi**Éí sif,íJ

'bJü&"q?

. 19.

I # i*eiH

Read and express

EAE nF

f-nft.I*.xt y ":nX.,,frnfr,*"f[ ++i.É

)ü-ñ

+^A,

flF+,}

W

4y