• Author / Uploaded
• Sinan Halboob

• Categories
• Zona
• Volumen
• Carcasa (pozo)
• Esfera
• Flotabilidad

Citation preview

Back to Main Menu

ENGLISH / METRIC UNITS

SECTION 240 HALLIBURTON TECHNICAL DATA CALCULATIONS, FORMULAE AND SLURRY TABLES

Copyright © 1985 , 1999, 2001 HaIliburton Company ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Page 1

Page 2

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

SECTION 240 TABLE OF CONTENTS Lengths, Areas, and Volumes ................................ Geometrical Relationships ...................................... Weights and Measures .......................................... TVD from MD for Deviated Wells ........................... Cosine Table ........................................................... Horizontal Tanks ..................................................... Pipe Capacity .......................................................... Volume and Height .................................................. Balanced Plugs ....................................................... Displacement .......................................................... Buoyancy ............................................................... Stretch Data for Drill Pipe, Tubing, and Casing ...... Slack-Off Data for Tubing and Drill Pipe ................ Effect of Temperature on Steel .............................. Hydrostatic Pressure ............................................. Hydrostatic Pressure and Fluid Weight ................. Effect of Water on Mud Weight .............................. Mud Weight Adjustment with Barite or Water ........ Velocity & Hydraulic Horsepower ......................... Absolute Volume Factors for Materials in Solution Slurry Density, Water Requirements, and Yield Calculations ....................................... Slurry Tables ........................................................... Flow Calculations ................................................... Table for Sand Plugs ..............................................

4 5 6 7 8 9 10, 11 10, 11 12 13 13 14, 15 16 17 18 19-21 22 23 24, 25 26 27, 28 29-52 53, 54 55-56

Page 3

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Depth Conversion Table ......................................... Volume Conversion Table ....................................... Compressive Strength Conversion Table .............. Temperature Conversion Table .............................. Conversion Percent Salt ........................................ Physical Properties of Sodium Chloride Solutions ............................ of Calcium Chloride Solutions ............................ of Potassium Chloride Solutions ....................... API Gravity Conversion Table ................................ API Gravity of Oil .................................................... Metric Conversion Factors ..................................... Classified List of Units ............................................ Conversion Constants ............................................ Conversion Charts .................................................

57 58 59 60-62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70-84 85 86-90

Page 4

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

USEFUL DATA TO CALCULATE LENGTHS, AREAS AND VOLUMES 1. Linear Measurements (Length): To find the circumference of a circle multiply the diameter by 3.1416. To find the diameter of a circle divide the circumference by 3.1416. The radius of a circle is one-half the diameter. 2. Square Measurement (Area): To find the area of a square multiply the length by the width. To find the area of a ractangle multiply the length by the width. To find the area of a circle multiply one-half the diameter by one-half the diameter and multiply the answer by 3.1416, or diameter x diameter x .7854. To find the vertical surface area of a cylinder standing on its end multiply the circumference by its vertical height. To find the surface area of a sphere multiply the circumference by the diameter. 3. Cubic Measurement (Volume, capacity and displacement): To find the volume of a cube or ractangular solid multiply the length by the height and multiply the answer by the width. To find the volume, capacity or displacement of a square or ractangular tank multiply the length by the height, then multiply the answer by the width. To find the volume, capacity or displacement of a cylinder multiply the area of its end by its height. To find the volume, capacity or displacement of a sphere or spherical tank multiply one-half of its diameter by the surface area and divide the answer by three.

Page 5

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

GEOMETRICAL RELATIONSHIPS CIRCLE:

SPHERE:

AREA = 0.7854 x D2 SURFACE AREA = 3.14 x D2

ELLIPSE:

CUBE: AREA = 0.7854 x A x B

RECTANGULAR PARALLELOPIPED:

(ALL SIDES EQUAL) SURFACE AREA = 6 x A2

CONE: SURFACE AREA = 2 x (AB + BC + CA)

CYLINDER:

SURFACE AREA = 1.57 x D x 5 3.14 x D2 x H VOLUME = 12

1. HOLLOW SURFACE AREA = 3.14 x D x A VOLUME = D2 x A x .7854 2. SOLID SURFACE AREA = 3.14 x D x A + 1.57 x D2 VOLUME = D2 x A x .7854

HEXAGON: FRUSTRUM OF CONE:

AREA = 3/2 x A x B

TRAPEZOID: SURFACE AREA = 1.57 x (D+d) x 5

AREA = ½ x (A + B) X H

Page 6

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

{

1 U.S. gal equals ...........................

231 Cu. In. – 3785.4 cm3. 0.1337 Cu. Ft. – .00379 m3. 0.0238 bbls. – 3.785 L.

1 U.S. gal. water at 20ºC. (68ºF.) weighs 8.33 Lbs. – 3.778 kg. 1 Imperial or English gal. equals ... 277.420 Cu. In. – 4.54596 L. 1 Imperial gal. of water weighs ...... 10 Lbs. – 4.535924 kg. 1 Square Foot equals .................... 144 square In. – .092903 m2. 1 Cubic Inch equals ......................

1 Cubic Foot equals ......................

Gals. – .016387 L. { .0043291 .0005787 Cu. Ft. – .000016 m3.

{

1728 Cu. In.–.02832.4 cm3. 7.4805 U.S. Gal.–28.32 L. 0.1781 bbls.–28.32 L.

1 cu. ft. water at 20ºC. (68ºF.) weighs . 62.31 Lbs.–28.263341 kg. 1 cu. ft. salt water(4.6%) weighs .......... 64.3 Lbs.–29.165989 kg. 1 cu. ft. Saturated Salt Water weighs .. 74.7 Lbs.–33.8335 kg. 1 Standard Barrel equals ...................... 31.5 U.S. Gals.–119.2379 L.

{

42 Gals.–158.98386 L. 1 Barrel of Oil equals ........................ 9702 Cu. In.–158987.6 cm3. 5.6146 Cu. Ft.–.159 m3. 1 cu. in. of water weighs .................. .03606 Lbs.–.01636 kg. 12 cu. in. of water weighs ................ .433 Lbs.–.1964 kg. A pressure of one lb. per sq. in. is exerted by a column of water 2.3110 feet high, or 27.73 inches high, at 20ºC. (68ºF.). A pressure of 1 kPa is exerted by a column of water .102 meters high at 20ºC. A column of water, at 20ºC (68ºF.) one foot high presses on the base with a force of .433 lbs. per square inch. A column of water, at 20ºC (68ºF.) one foot high presses on the base with a force of 9.807 kPa. To find the pressure in lbs. per sq. in. of a column of water multiply the height of the column in feet by .433. To find the pressure in kPa of a column of water multiply the height of the column in meters by 9.807. To find the capacity of a mud pit per inch (mm) of depth multiply the length by the width in feet (m), which gives the area in square feet (m2), then multiply by the depth in feet (m), which gives total capacity of pit in Cu.Ft. (m3). Now divide the depth in inches (mm) to get Cu. Ft. per In. (m3) of depth. If it is desired to convert the cubic feet (m3/mm) into gallons (L) multiply by 7.48 (1000). Doubling the inside diameter of a pipe increases its capacity four times. Friction of liquids in pipe increases as the square of the velocity. A horsepower is equivalent to raising 33,000 Lbs. 1 foot per minute, or 745.6999 W. Steam rising from water at its boiling point has a pressure of 14.7 psi (101.34 kPa) at sea level.

Page 7

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

DEVIATED WELL CALCULATIONS The cosine is the ratio of the True Vertical Depth (TVD) compared to the Measured Depth (MD). For example the Cosine (COS) of a 45 degree angle is 0.7071. This means for every foot of mesured depth the true vertical depth is only 0.7071 feet.

0.7071 feet

45°

1 foot

Example: A well is deviated from the surface at a 30 degree angle. The MD is 800 feet. If the well is loaded with 11.4 lb/gal drilling fluid what is the hydrostatic pressure at the TD? COS 30 = 0.8660 800 ft x 0.8660 x 0.5922 psi/ft = 410.2762 psi

Page 8

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

DEVIATED WELL CALCULATIONS

Degree Cosine

COSINE TABLE Degree Cosine

Degree Cosine

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0.9998 0.9994 0.9986 0.9976 0.9962 0.9945 0.9925 0.9903 0.9877 0.9848

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

0.8572 0.8480 0.8387 0.8290 0.8192 0.8090 0.7986 0.7880 0.7771 0.7660

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

0.4848 0.4695 0.4540 0.4384 0.4226 0.4067 0.3907 0.3746 0.3584 0.3420

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

0.9816 0.9781 0.9744 0.9703 0.9659 0.9613 0.9563 0.9511 0.9455 0.9397

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

0.7547 0.7431 0.7314 0.7193 0.7071 0.6947 0.6820 0.6691 0.6561 0.6428

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

0.3256 0.3090 0.2924 0.2756 0.2588 0.2419 0.2250 0.2079 0.1908 0.1736

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

0.9336 0.9272 0.9205 0.9135 0.9063 0.8988 0.8910 0.8829 0.8746 0.8660

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

0.6293 0.6157 0.6018 0.5878 0.5736 0.5592 0.5446 0.5299 0.5150 0.5000

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

0.1564 0.1392 0.1219 0.1045 0.0872 0.0698 0.0523 0.0349 0.0175 0.0000

Page 9

ENGLISH UNITS

CALCULATING CONTENTS OF HORIZONTAL CYLINDRICAL TANKS First calculate the depth ratio (D) by dividing the depth of water or other fluid in the tank in inches (h) by the diameter of the tank in inches (d). Opposite this value for the depth ratio (D) in the following table you will find the percentage of the total capacity of the tank. Multiplying the capacity of the tank by this percentage gives the contents of the tank for that fluid depth. D

Percent of Capacity

D

Percent of Capacity

.02 .04 .06 .08 .10 .12 .14 .16 .18 .20 .22 .24 .26 .28 .30 .32

.004799 .013480 .024509 .037501 .052025 .067979 .085114 .103234 .122421 .14346 .163077 .184466 .206502 .229195 .252298 .275729

.34 .36 .38 .40 .42 .44 .46 .48 .50 .52 .54 .56 .58 .60 .62 .64

.299762 .324061 .348667 .373539 .398525 .423749 .449132 .464560 .500000 .525440 .550868 .576251 .601475 .626461 .651333 .675939

D

Percent of Capacity

.66 .68 .70 .72 .74 .76 .78 .80 .82 .84 .86 .88 .90 .92 .94 .96 .98

.700238 .724271 .747702 .770805 .79348 .815334 .836923 .857654 .877579 .896766 .914886 .932021 .947975 .962499 .975491 .986520 .995201

Example: Find contents of tank 60” in diameter (d) which has 24” of water in it. Tank is 10 feet long. (Capacity of tank is 1469 gal.) 24 = .40 and from table, the 60 percent of capacity is .373539. D= D=

h d

Contents = 1469 x .373539 = 550.62 gal.

Courtesy of Missouri Water Well & Pump Contractors Assn., Inc.

Page 10

ENGLISH UNITS

EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING CAPACITY OF PIPE Barrels per lineal foot

=

.0009714 x D2

Lineal feet per barrel

=

Cubic feet per lineal foot

=

Lineal feet per cubic foot

=

Gallons per lineal foot

=

.0408 x D2

Lineal feet per gallon

=

24.51 D2

1029.4 D2 .005454 x D2 183.35 D2

D = Diameter in inches

EQUATIONS FOR VOLUME AND HEIGHT BETWEEN MULTIPLE TUBING STRINGS AND HOLE (OR CASING) Barrels per lineal foot

=

(D2 – nd2) 0.0009714

Lineal feet per barrel

=

1029.4 D2 – nd2

Cubic feet per lineal foot

=

(D2 – nd2) 0.005454

Lineal feet per cubic foot

=

183.35 D2 – nd2

Gallons per lineal foot

=

(D2 – nd2) 0.0408

Lineal feet per gallon

=

24.51 D2 – nd2

WHERE: D= Diameter of hole, inches (or ID of casing) d = Outside diameter of tubing, inches n = Number of tubing strings

Page 11

METRIC UNITS

EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING CAPACITY OF PIPE Cubic meters per lineal meter

=

D2 1,273,000

Lineal meters per cubic meter

=

1,273,000 D2

Hectoliter per lineal meter

=

D2 127,300

Lineal meter per hectoliter

=

127,300 D2

Liter per Lineal meter

=

D2 1273

Lineal meter per liter

=

1273 D2

D = Diameter in mm

EQUATIONS FOR VOLUME AND HEIGHT BETWEEN MULTIPLE TUBING STRINGS AND HOLE (OR CASING) (D2 – nd2) 1,273,000

Cubic meter per meter

=

Meter per cubic meter

1,273,000 = (D2 – nd2)

Hectoliter per meter

=

Meter per hectoliter

127,300 = (D2 – nd2)

Liter per meter

=

Meter per liter

1273 = (D2 – nd2)

(D2 – nd2) 127,300

(D2 – nd2) 1273

WHERE: D = Diameter of hole or ID of casing, mm d = Outside diameter of tubing, mm n = Number of tubing strings

Page 12

ENGLISH UNITS

BALANCE CEMENT PLUG JOB It is desired to place a 110 Cu. Ft. cement plug in the bottom of 8,000’ of 7”, 26# casing, using 2.875” tubing. The operator wants the cement column equalized. He also wants a balanced column of water (the same height of water in the space between the tubing and casing as exists within the tubing).

EQUALIZATION POINT FORMULA h=

N C+T

- where

N = Cu. Ft. of Cement slurry used. h = height of balanced cement column. C = Cu. Ft. per linear foot of space between tubing (or drill pipe), and casing (or hole). C may be found in Volume and Height Tables, Section 221 and/or Section 122. T = Cu. Ft. per linear foot inside tubing (or drill pipe, or casing). T may be found in Capacity Tables, Section 210. N = 110 Cu. Ft. Cem. slurry: C = .1697 Cu. Ft./Ft. T = .0325 Cu. Ft./Ft. h =

110 .1697 + .0325

=

110 .2022

= 544’

8000’ - 544’ = 7456’ x .00579 Bbls./Ft. (Capacity Tables) = 43.17 Bbls. displacement required to equalize the cement column. To balance the water that is to be placed ahead of the cement with the water that is to follow the cement, one must obtain (from the Handbook) the height that one Bbl. of water will fill in the space between the casing and the tubing, and the height that one Bbl. of water will fill inside the tubing. Height between tubing and casing = 33.11’/Bbl. (Handbook). Height inside tubing = 172.7’/Bbl. (Handbook). A ratio of 5.22 Bbl.

(172.6’) 33.11

of water ahead of the cement to one

bbl. of water behind will give a balanced column of 172.7’ of water. This ratio may be used to balance any desired amount of water the operator wants to use. 2 Bbls. of water behind the cement - 2 x 5.22 = 10.44 Bbls. of water ahead of the cement. This gives a balanced water column of 345.4’.

Page 13

ENGLISH UNITS

DISPLACEMENT BUOYANCY FACTORS FOR STEEL PIPE IN VARIOUS WEIGHT FLUIDS (Fluid Density — lb./gal.)

Lb./Gal.

Buoyancy Factor

Lb./Gal.

Buoyancy Factor

Lb./Gal.

Buoyancy Factor

6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9

.9083 .9068 .9053 .9037 .9022 .9007 .8991 .8976 .8961 .8946

11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9

.8319 .8304 .8289 .8273 .8258 .8243 .8227 .8212 .8197 .8182

16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9

.7555 .7540 .7524 .7509 .7494 .7479 .7463 .7448 .7433 .7417

7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9

.8930 .8915 .8900 .8884 .8869 .8854 .8839 .8823 .8808 .8793

12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9

.8166 .8151 .8136 .8120 .8105 .8090 .8075 .8059 .8044 .8029

17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9

.7402 .7387 .7372 .7356 .7341 .7326 .7311 .7295 .7280 .7265

8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.33* 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9

.8778 .8762 .8747 .8732 .8727 .8716 .8701 .8686 .8671 .8655 .8640

13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9

.8013 .7998 .7983 .7968 .7952 .7937 .7922 .7906 .7891 .7876

18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9

.7249 .7234 .7219 .7204 .7188 .7173 .7158 .7142 .7127 .7112

9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9

.8625 .8609 .8594 .8579 .8564 .8548 .8533 .8518 .8502 .8487

14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9

.7861 .7845 .783 .7815 .7800 .7784 .7769 .7754 .7738 .7723

19 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9

.7097 .7081 .7066 .7051 .7035 .7020 .7005 .6990 .6974 .6960

10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9

.8472 .8457 .8441 .8426 .8411 .8395 .8380 .8365 .8350 .8334

15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9

.7708 .7693 .7677 .7662 .7647 .7631 .7616 .7601 .7586 .7570

20.0

.6944

FOR OPEN ENDED PIPE Pipe Wt. (in Fluid) = Pipe Wt. (In Air) x Buoyancy Factor *Weight of Water at 68°F (20°C)

Page 14 TABLE 204

STRETCH DATA FOR DRILL PIPE, TUBING AND CASING Size of Tubing, D.P. or Casing

2.375” Upset Tubing 4.70 #/Ft.

2.875” Upset Tubing 6.50 #/Ft.

3.500” Upset Tubing 9.30 #/Ft.

2.875” Drill Pipe 10.40 #/Ft.

Stretch Per Length of Pipe Suspended in Well, Feet

Pull Above 1000 Lb. Pull Above Wt. of Pipe, Inches Factor C

500 1,000 2,000 3,000

.115 .310 .620 .930

4,000 5,000 10,000

1.240 1.550 3.100

500 1,000 2,000 3,000

Stretch Weight of Pipe Per In. Stretch of Pipe Pounds

6,450 3,225 1,612 1,075

.14 .56 2.22 5.00

806 644 322

8.88 13.88 55.51

.110 .220 .440 .660

9,080 4,540 2,270 1,513

.14 .56 2.22 5.00

4,000 5,000 10,000

.880 1.100 2.200

1,135 908 454

8.88 13.88 55.51

500 1,000 2,000 3,000

.0772 .1544 .3088 .4632

12,960 6,480 3,240 2,160

.14 .56 2.22 5.00

4,000 5,000 10,000

.6176 .7720 1.544

1,620 1,296 648

8.88 13.88 55.51

500 1,000 2,000 3,000

.070 .140 .280 .420

14,300 7,150 3,575 2,383

.14 .56 2.22 5.00

4,000 5,000 10,000

.560 .700 1.40

1,787 1,430 715

8.88 13.88 55.51

FORMULA FOR DETERMINING STRETCH IN PIPE S=

L X P X C 1000 X 1000

(use to set tension packer with no weight indication) FORMULA FOR DETERMINING PULL OF PIPE 1000 X 1000 X S P= C X L FORMULA FOR FREE PIPE DEPTH L= Where:

L S P C

= = = =

Due To Own Weight Suspended in Water, Inches

S X 1000 X 1000 P

X

C

Length of free pipe in feet. Stretch pulled in pipe, in inches. Pull on pipe to get the stretch “S” in pounds Constant for given pipe size and weight being stretched. (For this equation use C factor at pipe length of 1000 ft.)

Page 15 TABLE 204

STRETCH DATA FOR DRILL PIPE, TUBING AND CASING Size of Tubing, D.P. or Casing

Stretch Per Length of Pipe Suspended in Well, Feet

3.500” Drill Pipe 13.30 #/Ft.

4.500” Drill Pipe 16.60 #/Ft.

5.500” Casing 17 #/Ft.

7.000” Casing 23 #/Ft.

Pull Above 1000 Lb. Pull Above Wt. of Pipe, Inches Factor C

Stretch Weight of Pipe Per In. Stretch of Pipe Pounds

Due To Own Weight Suspended in Water, Inches

500 1,000 2,000 3,000

.055 .110 .220 .330

18,200 9,100 4,550 3,033

.14 .56 2.22 5.00

4,000 5,000 10,000

.440 .550 1.10

2,275 1,820 910

8.88 13.88 55.51

500 1,000 2,000 3,000

.0450 .0900 .180 .270

22,200 11,100 5,550 3,700

.14 .56 2.22 5.00

4,000 5,000 10,000

.360 .450 .900

2,775 2,220 1,110

8.88 13.88 55.51

500 1,000 2,000 3,000

.0402 .0804 .160 240

24,800 12,400 6,230 4,133

.14 .56 2.22 5.00

4,000 5,000 10,000

.320 .402 804

3,100 2,480 1,240

8.88 13.88 55.51

500 1,000 2,000 3,000

.0301 .0602 .120 .181

33,220 16,610 8,305 5,537

.14 .56 2.22 5.00

4,000 5,000 10,000

241 .301 .602

4,152 3,322 1,661

8.88 13.88 55.51

NOTE: The above figures apply only to steel pipe that has not been stretched or is not being stretched beyond its elastic limit. Example: A 7” RTTS is set at 15,000 feet on 2 3/8: 4.7 #/ft. EUE tubing. There are indications that the casing has collapsed above the tool. Pick up pipe weight, mark pipe and pull 20,000 pounds above pipe weight. This 20,000 pounds stretches pipe 25 inches. Where is the casing collapsed? S = 25 inches P = 20,000 pounds C = .31 (C factor from table at 1000 ft.) L=

25 X 1000 X 1000 20,000 X .31

L = 4032 feet

Page 16 TABLE 205

SLACK-OFF DATA FOR TUBING AND DRILL PIPE Size of Tubing or Drill Pipe

Slack-Off Factor*

1.900 O.D. EUE Tubing 2.375 O.D. EUE Tubing 2.875 O.D. EUE Tubing 3.500 O.D. EUE Tubing 2.875 O.D. 10.40 lb/ft DP 3.500 O.D. 13.30 lb/ft DP 4.500 O.D. 16.60 lb/ft DP

0.68 0.39 0.26 0.17 0.16 0.12 0.10

* Inches to slack-off to obtain 1000 lbs. weight on packer for each 1000 ft. of depth. An allowance is included for coiling and friction. Required slack (inc.) =

Desired Weight 1000

X

Packer Depth 1000

X Factor

Example: Weight desired on packer ......................................... 15,000 lbs. Depth packer set ............................................................. 5,000:” Size of Tubing ........................................................ 2.375” EUE Slack-off factor for 2.375” EUE from table = 0.39 15,000 1000

X

5,000 1000

X 0.39 = 29.25 (use 29 inches)

The setting stroke required to set any particular tool is not included in these figures and will have to be added.

NOTE: The above figures apply only to pipe that has not been stretched, or is not being stretched beyond its elastic limit.

Page 17

ENGLISH UNITS

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON STEEL Steel expands or contracts .0000828” per foot per degree (F) of temperature change. Therefore: T

e

=

depth x .0000828 x ∆T (F°)

when: T = depth = ∆T = e

change in length in inches feet average temperature change

Page 18

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND FLUID WEIGHT CONVERSION TABLES To find the Hydrostatic pressure of a column of fluid, multiply the appropriate value in Lbs./Sq. in. per foot of depth times the depth in feet. Example: find the Hydrostatic Pressure at a depth of 13,760 feet (4 194m) in a hole filled with mud weighing 12.3 Lbs./Gal. (92.01 Lbs./Cu. Ft.) (1.474 kg/L) The value 0.6390 is found opposite 12.3 Lbs./Gal. in the table. Then 0.6390 x 13760 = 8793 Lbs. per Sq. In. (or 14.455 kPa/mX 4 194m = 60 624 kPa) hydrostatic pressure.

Lbs./Gal.

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND FLUID WEIGHT Lbs./Sq. In. Lbs./Cu. Ft. Sp. Gr. Per Ft. of Depth kg/L

kPa/m

7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4

52.36 53.11 53.86 54.61 55.36

0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.89

0.3636 0.3688 0.3740 0.3792 0.3844

0.839 0.851 0.863 0.875 0.887

8.225 8.342 8.460 8.578 8.695

7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9

56.10 56.85 57.60 58.35 59.10

0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.95

0.3896 0.3948 0.4000 0.4052 0.4104

0.899 0.911 0.923 0.935 0.947

8.813 8.931 9.048 9.166 9.283

8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.33* 8.4

59.84 60.59 61.34 62.09 62.31 62.84

0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.01

0.4156 0.4208 0.4260 0.4312 0.4330 0.4364

0.959 0.971 0.983 0.995 1.000 1.007

9.401 9.519 9.636 9.754 9.807 9.872

8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9

63.58 64.33 65.08 65.83 66.58

1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.07

0.4416 0.4468 0.4519 0.4571 0.4623

1.019 1.031 1.043 1.054 1.066

9.989 10.107 10.222 10.340 10.457

9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4

67.32 68.07 68.82 69.57 70.32

1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.13

0.4675 0.4727 0.4779 0.4831 0.4883

1.078 1.090 1.102 1.114 1.126

10.575 10.693 10.810 10.928 11.046

9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9

71.06 71.81 72.56 73.31 74.06

1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.19

0.4935 0.4987 0.5039 0.5091 0.5143

1.138 1.150 1.162 1.174 1.186

11.163 11.281 11.399 11.516 11.634

10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4

74.80 75.55 76.30 77.05 77.80

1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.25

0.5195 0.5247 0.5299 0.5351 0.5403

1.198 1.210 1.222 1.234 1.246

11.751 11.869 11.987 12.104 12.222

* Density of water at 20ºC.or 68ºF.

Page 19

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND FLUID WEIGHT Lbs./Cu. Ft.

Sp. Gr.

Lbs./Sq. In. Per Ft. of Depth

kg/L

10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9

78.55 79.29 80.04 80.79 81.54

1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.31

0.5455 0.5506 0.5558 0.5610 0.5662

1.258 1.270 1.282 1.294 1.306

12.340 12.455 12.573 12.690 12.808

11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4

82.29 83.03 83.78 84.53 85.28

1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.37

0.5714 0.5766 0.5818 0.5870 0.5922

1.318 1.330 1.342 1.354 1.366

12.925 13.043 13.161 13.278 13.396

11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9

86.03 86.77 87.52 88.27 89.02

1.38 1.39 1.40 1.412 1.43

0.5974 0.6026 0.6078 0.6130 0.6182

1.378 1.390 1.402 1.414 1.426

13.514 13.631 13.749 13.866 13.984

12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4

89.77 90.51 91.26 92.01 92.76

1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.49

0.6234 0.6286 0.6338 0.6390 0.6442

1.438 1.450 1.462 1.474 1.486

14.102 14.219 14.337 14.455 14.572

12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9

93.51 94.25 95.00 95.75 96.50

1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.55

0.6493 0.6545 0.6597 0.6649 0.6701

1.498 1.510 1.522 1.534 1.546

14.688 14.805 14.923 15.040 15.158

13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4

97.25 97.99 98.74 99.49 100.24

1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.61

0.6753 0.6805 0.6857 0.6909 0.6961

1.558 1.570 1.582 1.594 1.606

15.276 15.393 15.511 15.629 15.746

13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9

100.99 101.73 102.48 103.23 103.98

1.62 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.67

0.7013 0.7065 0.7117 0.7169 0.7221

1.618 1.630 1.624 1.654 1.666

15.864 15.981 16.099 16.217 16.334

14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4

104.73 105.48 106.22 106.97 107.72

1.68 1.69 1.70 1.71 1.73

0.7273 0.7325 0.7377 0.7429 0.7480

1.678 1.690 1.702 1.714 1.726

16.452 16.570 16.687 16.805 16.920

14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9

108.47 109.22 109.96 110.71 111.46

1.74 1.75 1.76 1.77 1.79

0.7532 0.7584 0.7636 0.7688 0.7740

1.738 1.750 1.761 1.773 1.785

17.038 17.155 17.273 17.391 17.508

Lbs./Gal.

kPa/m

Page 20

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND FLUID WEIGHT Lbs./Sq. In. Lbs./Gal. Lbs./Cu. Ft. Sp. Gr. Per Ft. of Depth

kg/L

kPa/m

15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4

112.21 112.96 113.70 114.45 115.20

1.80 1.81 1.82 1.83 1.85

0.7792 0.7844 0.7896 0.7948 0.8000

1.797 1.809 1.821 1.833 1.845

17.626 17.744 17.861 17.979 18.096

15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9

115.95 116.70 117.44 118.19 118.94

1.86 1.87 1.88 1.89 1.91

0.8052 0.8104 0.8156 0.8208 0.8260

1.857 1.869 1.881 1.893 1.905

18.214 18.332 18.449 18.567 18.685

16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4

119.69 120.44 121.18 121.93 122.68

1.92 1.93 1.94 1.95 1.97

0.8312 0.8364 0.8416 0.8468 0.8519

1.917 1.929 1.941 1.953 1.965

18.802 18.920 19.037 19.155 19.270

16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9

123.43 124.18 124.92 125.67 126.42

1.98 1.99 2.00 2.01 2.03

0.8571 0.8623 0.8675 0.8727 0.8779

1.977 1.989 2.001 2.013 2.025

19.388 19.506 19.623 19.741 19.859

17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4

127.17 127.92 128.66 129.41 130.16

2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.09

0.8831 0.8883 0.8935 0.8987 0.9039

2.037 2.049 2.061 2.073 2.085

19.976 20.094 20.211 20.329 20.447

17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9

130.91 131.66 132.40 133.15 133.90

2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14

0.9091 0.9143 0.9195 0.9247 0.9299

2.097 2.109 2.121 2.133 2.145

20.564 20.682 20.800 20.917 21.035

18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4

134.65 135.40 136.15 136.89 137.64

2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20

0.9351 0.9403 0.9455 0.9506 0.9558

2.157 2.169 2.181 2.193 2.205

21.153 21.270 21.388 21.503 21.621

18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4

138.39 139.14 139.89 140.63 141.38 142.13 142.88 143.63 144.37 145.12

2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32

0.9610 0.9662 0.9714 0.9766 0.9818 0.9870 0.9922 0.9974 1.0026 1.0078

2.217 2.229 2.241 2.253 2.265 2.277 2.289 2.301 2.313 2.325

21.738 21.856 21.974 22.091 22.209 22.327 22.444 22.562 22.679 22.797

Page 21

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND FLUID WEIGHT Lbs./Sq. In. Lbs./Gal. Lbs./Cu. Ft. Sp. Gr. Per Ft. of Depth

kg/L

kPa/m

19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9

145.87 146.62 147.37 148.11 148.86

2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38

1.0130 1.0182 1.0234 1.0286 1.0338

2.337 2.349 2.361 2.373 2.385

22.915 23.032 23.150 23.268 23.385

20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4

149.61 150.36 151.11 151.85 152.60

2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44

1.0390 1.0442 1.0493 1.0545 1.0597

2.397 2.409 2.421 2.433 2.445

23.503 23.620 23.736 23.853 23.971

20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.9

153.35 154.10 154.85 155.59 156.34

2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50

1.0649 1.0701 1.0753 1.0805 1.0857

2.456 2.468 2.480 2.492 2.504

24.089 24.206 24.324 24.442 24.559

21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4

157.09 157.84 158.59 159.33 160.08

2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56

1.0909 1.0961 1.1013 1.1065 1.1117

2.516 2.528 2.540 2.552 2.564

24.677 24.794 24.912 25.030 25.147

21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9

160.83 161.58 162.33 163.07 163.82

2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.62

1.1169 1.1221 1.1273 1.1325 1.1377

2.576 2.588 2.600 2.612 2.624

25.265 25.383 25.500 25.618 25.735

22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4

164.57 165.32 166.07 166.82 167.56

2.64 2.65 2.66 2.67 2.68

1.1429 1.1480 1.1532 1.1584 1.1636

2.636 2.648 2.660 2.672 2.684

25.853 25.968 26.086 26.204 26.321

22.5 22.6 22.7 22.8 22.9 23.0

168.31 169.06 169.81 170.56 171.30 172.05

2.70 2.71 2.72 2.73 2.74 2.76

1.1688 1.1740 1.1792 1.1844 1.1896 1.1948

2.696 2.708 2.720 2.732 2.744 2.756

26.439 26.557 26.674 26.792 26.909 27.027

Page 22

EFFECT OF WATER ON MUD WEIGHT Water Added Bbl./100 bbl. Mud

Weight of Resulting Mud Lb./Gal. 10.0 9.9 9.8 9.8

11.0 10.9 10.8 10.6

12.0 11.8 11.7 11.5

13.0 12.8 12.6 12.4

14.0 13.7 13.5 13.3

15.0 14.7 14.4 14.1

16.0 15.6 15.3 15.0

17.0 16.6 16.2 15.9

020 025 030 035

9.7 9.7 9.6 9.6

10.6 10.5 10.4 10.3

11.4 11.3 11.1 11.0

12.2 12.1 11.9 11.8

13.1 12.9 12.7 12.5

13.7 13.7 13.5 13.3

14.7 14.5 14.2 14.0

15.6 15.3 15.0 14.7

040 045 050 060

9.5 9.5 9.4 9.4

10.2 10.2 10.1 10.0

10.9 10.9 10.8 10.6

11.7 11.6 11.4 11.2

12.4 12.2 12.1 11.9

13.1 12.9 12.8 12.5

13.8 13.6 13.4 13.1

14.5 14.3 14.1 13.7

070 080 090 100

9.3 9.3 9.2 9.2

9.9 9.8 9.7 9.2

10.5 10.4 10.3 10.2

11.1 10.9 10.8 10.7

11.7 11.5 11.3 11.2

12.2 12.0 11.8 11.7

12.8 12.6 12.4 12.2

13.4 13.1 12.9 12.7

(From “Principles of Drilling Mud Control” Eleventh Edition)

ENGLISH UNITS

000 005 010 015

Initial Mud Weight, lb/gal

Desired Mud Weight, lb/gal 9.5

10.0

10.5

11.0

11.5

12.0

12.5

13.0

13.5

14.0

14.5

15.0

15.5

16.0

16.5

17.0

17.5

18.0

129

159 129

190 160 130

123 192 161 131

156 125 193 162 131

192 160 128 196 164 132

229 196 164 131 198 166 133

268 234 201 167 134 101 167 134

308 273 239 205 171 137 103 168 134

350 315 280 245 210 175 140 105 170 135

395 359 323 287 251 215 179 144 108 172 136

442 405 368 331 294 258 221 184 147 111 174 137

490 452 414 376 339 301 263 226 188 150 113 175 137

542 503 464 426 387 348 310 271 232 194 155 116 177 139

596 557 516 479 437 397 357 318 278 238 199 159 119 179 140

653 612 571 531 490 449 408 367 327 286 245 204 163 122 181 141

714 672 630 588 546 504 462 420 378 336 294 252 210 168 126 184 142

778 735 691 648 605 562 518 475 432 389 345 302 259 216 172 129 186 143

143 185 128 171 214 256 299 342 385 427 470 513 556 598 641 684 726

130 160 190 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480

123 146 169 192 115 138 161 185 208 231 254 277 300 323 346

119 137 156 175 194 112 131 150 169 187 206 225 244 262

116 132 148 163 176 195 110 126 142 158 174 189 205

114 127 141 154 168 182 195 109 123 136 150 163

112 124 136 148 160 172 184 196 108 120 132

111 121 132 143 154 164 175 186 196 107

119 118 126 135 144 153 162 171

118 116 124 132 140 149 157

118 115 123 130 138 145

117 114 121 128 135

117 113 120 126

116 112 118

116 112

115

The upper right half of this table shows the number of sacks of barite which must be added to 100 bbl. of mud to produce desired weight increases. To use this portio of the table, locate the initial mud weight in the vertical column to the left, then locate the desired mud weight in the upper horizontal row. The number of sacks of barite to be added per 100 bbl. of mud is read directly across from the intial weight and directly below the desired mud weight. For example, to raise an 11 lb.gal. mud to 14.5 lb./gal., 251 sacks of barite must be added per 100 bbl. of mud in the system.

Page 23

The lower left half of this table shows the number of barrels of water which must be added to 100 bbl. of mud to produce desired weight reductions. To use this portion of the table, locate the initial mud weight in the vertical column at the left, then locate the desired mud weight in the upper horizontal row. The number of barrels of water to be added per 100 bbl. of mud is read directly across from the initial weight and directly below the desired mud weight. For example to reduce an 11 lb./gal. mud to a 9.5 lb./gal. mud, 128 bbl. of water must be added for every 100 bbl. of mud in the system.

110 119 129 139 148 158 168 177 817

ENGLISH UNITS

9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18

MUD WEIGHT ADJUSTMENT WITH BARITE OR WATER

Page 24

ENGLISH UNITS

EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING VELOCITY AND HORSEPOWER Feet per second

=

B.P.H. x .2859 (Diameter in inches)2

Feet per second

=

B.P.D. x .0119 (Diameter in inches)2

Feet per second

=

G.P.M. x .4085 (Diameter in inches)2

Hydraulic Horsepower

=

B.P.H. x Pressure (psi) 2447

Hydraulic Horsepower

=

B.P.H. x Pressure (psi) x .000408

Hydraulic Horsepower

=

B.P.D. x Pressure (psi) x .000017

Hydraulic Horsepower

=

B.P.M. x Pressure (psi) x .0245

Hydraulic Horsepower

=

G.P.M. x Pressure (psi) x .000583

Brake Horsepower

=

B.P.H. x Pressure (psi) x .000408 Efficiency

Brake Horsepower

=

B.P.D. x Pressure (psi) x .000017 Efficiency

Brake Horsepower

=

G.P.M. x Pressure (psi) x .000583 Efficiency

NOTE: B.P.M. = Barrels per minute B.P.H. = Barrels per hour

B.P.D. = Barrels per day psi = Pounds per square inch

Page 25

METRIC UNITS

EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATING VELOCITY AND POWER Meters per second

=

m3/hr x 353.68 D2

Meters per second

=

m3/day x 14.737 D2

Meters per second

=

L/min x 21.221 D2

Kilowatt

=

L/min x MPa x .0167

Kilowatt

=

m3/min x MPa x 16.7

Kilowatt

=

m3/hr x MPa x 1000

Kilowatt

=

m3/day x MPa x 24000

Page 26

ABSOLUTE VOLUME FACTORS FOR MATERIALS IN SOLUTION AT 20°C (68°F) NaCl Absolute Volume gal./lb.

KCl Percent by weight of water

KCl Absolute Volume gal./lb

CaCl2 Percent by weight of water

CaCl2 Absolute Volume gal./lb.

5.00 6.00 10.00 12.00 15.00 18.00 20.00 24.00 25.00 30.00 35.14 37.07*

.0368 .0372 .0385 .0391 .0398 .0405 .0409 .0417 .0418 .0426 .0433 .0458*

1.00 2.00 3.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 31.58 — —

.0436 .0440 .0444 .0450 .0463 .0475 .0481 .0488 .0493 .0495 — —

2.00 4.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 66.67 —

.0220 .0229 .0234 .0252 .0266 .0278 .0296 .0311 .0325 .0339 .0346 —

*Solution at 60°C (140°F)

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

NaCl Percent by weight of water

Page 27

Slurry Density, Water Requirements, and Yield Calculations Weight of Materials in one sack of the following cement slurry: Premium Cement + 35% SSA-1 + 0.5% GasStop + 0.3% CFR-3 + 0.2% HR-5 Mix Slurry at 16.0 lb/gal Density; Find Yield and Water Requirements Cement ............................. 94 lbs SSA-1 ............................... (94 lbs X 35/100) = 32.9 lbs GasStop ............................ (94 lbs X 0.5/100) = 0.47 lbs CFR-3 .............................. (94 lbs X 0.3/100) = 0.282 lbs HR-5 ................................ (94 lbs X 0.2/100) = 0.188 lbs Water ................................ (8.33 lbs/gal X A gals) = 8.33A lbs Total Weight of Slurry = 127.84 lbs + 8.33A lbs Volume of Materials in one sack of the cement slurry: Weight lbs

Absolute Vol. Factor gals/lb

Volume gals

Cement

94 lbs

X

0.0382

=

3.5908 gals

SSA-1

32.9 lbs

X

0.0456

=

1.5002 gals

GasStop

0.47 lbs

X

0.1009

=

0.0474 gals

CFR-3

0.282 lbs

X

0.0938

=

0.0265 gals

HR-5

0.188 lbs

X

0.0750

=

0.0141 gals

Water

8.33A

X

0.1200

=

A gals

Total Volume of Slurry = 5.1790 gals + A gals

Page 28

Slurry Density, Water Requirements, and Yield Calculations Density of the cement slurry: Slurry Density =

16.0 lb/gal =

Slurry Weight Slurry Volume

=

127.84 lbs + 8.33A lbs 5.1790 gals + A gals

127.84 lbs + 8.33A lbs 5.1790 gals + A gals

16.0 (5.1790 + A) = 127.84 + 8.33A 16.0 A – 8.33A = 127.84 - 82.864 A = 44.976 / 7.67 = 5.86 gals water per sack

Slurry Yield: Slurry Volume (gals) X 0.1337 cuft/gal = (5.1790 + 5.86) X 0.1337cuft = 1.48 cuft/sk

Page 29

SLURRY TABLES Neat Cement Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60 14.70 14.80 14.90

1.51 1.48 1.46 1.44 1.41 1.39 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.30

7.71 7.52 7.33 7.14 6.97 6.80 6.63 6.47 6.31 6.16

15.00 15.10 15.20 15.30 15.40 15.50 15.60 15.70 15.80 15.90

1.28 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.15 1.13

6.02 5.88 5.74 5.60 5.47 5.35 5.22 5.11 4.99 4.88

16.00 16.10 16.20 16.30 16.40 16.50 16.60 16.70 16.80 16.90

1.12 1.10 1.09 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.01 1.00

4.76 4.66 4.55 4.45 4.35 4.25 4.16 4.07 3.98 3.89

17.00 17.10 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.50

0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.93

3.80 3.72 3.63 3.55 3.48 3.40

Page 30

35% SSA-1 (BWOC) Added to Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon 15.00 15.10 15.20 15.30 15.40 15.50 15.60 15.70 15.80 15.90 16.00 16.10 16.20 16.30 16.40 16.50

Slurry Yield cuft/sk 1.69 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.60 1.58 1.55 1.53 1.51 1.49 1.47 1.45 1.44 1.42 1.40 1.38

Water Ratio gals/sk 7.58 7.39 7.21 7.03 6.86 6.69 6.53 6.37 6.22 6.07 5.92 5.78 5.64 5.51 5.38 5.25

35% SSA-2 (BWOC) Added to Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Slurry Yield Water Ratio Lbs/Gallon cuft/sk gals/sk 16.00 1.47 5.92 16.10 1.45 5.78 16.20 1.44 5.64 16.30 1.42 5.51 16.40 1.40 5.38 16.50 1.38 5.25 16.60 1.37 5.13 16.70 1.35 5.00 16.80 1.33 4.88 16.90 1.32 4.77 17.00 1.30 4.65 17.10 1.29 4.54 17.20 1.27 4.43 17.30 1.26 4.33 17.40 1.25 4.22 17.50 1.23 4.12 17.60 1.22 4.02 17.70 1.21 3.93 17.80 1.19 3.83 17.90 1.18 3.74

Page 31

Hi-Dense #4 (10 lbs/sk) Added to Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc. gals/sk Lbs/sk

16.50 16.60 16.70 16.80 16.90

1.19 1.18 1.16 1.15 1.14

5.01 4.90 4.80 4.70 4.60

10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

17.00 17.10 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.50 17.60 17.70

1.12 1.11 1.10 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.04

4.50 4.41 4.31 4.22 4.13 4.05 3.96 3.88

10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Hi-Dense #4 (15 lbs/sk) Added to Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc. gals/sk Lbs/sk

16.50 16.60 16.70 16.80 16.90

1.25 1.23 1.22 1.20 1.19

5.39 5.28 5.17 5.06 4.95

15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00

17.00 17.10 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.50 17.60 17.70 17.80 17.90

1.18 1.16 1.15 1.14 1.12 1.11 1.10 1.09 1.08 1.07

4.85 4.75 4.65 4.56 4.46 4.37 4.28 4.20 4.11 4.03

15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00

18.00

1.06

3.94

15.00

Page 32

Hi-Dense #4 (20 lbs/sk) Added to Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Slurry Yield Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc. Lbs/Gallon cuft/sk gals/sk Lbs/sk 16.50 1.32 5.77 20.00 16.60 1.30 5.65 20.00 16.70 1.28 5.53 20.00 16.80 1.27 5.42 20.00 16.90 1.25 5.31 20.00 17.00 1.24 5.20 20.00 17.10 1.23 5.10 20.00 17.20 1.21 4.99 20.00 17.30 1.20 4.89 20.00 17.40 1.18 4.79 20.00 17.50 1.17 4.70 20.00 17.60 1.16 4.60 20.00 17.70 1.15 4.51 20.00 17.80 1.13 4.42 20.00 17.90 1.12 4.33 20.00 18.00 1.11 4.25 20.00 18.10 1.10 4.16 20.00 18.20 1.09 4.08 20.00 Hi-Dense #4 (25 lbs/sk) Added to Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Slurry Yield Lbs/Gallon cuft/sk 17.00 1.30 17.10 1.29 17.20 1.27 17.30 1.26 17.40 1.24 17.50 1.23 17.60 1.22 17.70 1.21 17.80 1.19 17.90 1.18 18.00 1.17 18.10 1.16 18.20 1.14 18.30 1.13 18.40 1.12 18.50 1.11 18.60 1.10

Water Ratio gals/sk 5.55 5.44 5.33 5.23 5.12 5.02 4.92 4.83 4.73 4.64 4.55 4.46 4.37 4.28 4.20 4.12 4.04

Hi-Dense Conc. Lbs/sk 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00

Page 33

35% SSA-2 (BWOC) + 10 lbs/sk Hi-Dense Added to Class G or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc. gals/sk Lbs/sk

16.50 16.60 16.70 16.80 16.90

1.52 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.45

6.03 5.89 5.76 5.63 5.50

10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

17.00 17.10 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.50 17.60 17.70 17.80 17.90

1.43 1.41 1.40 1.38 1.37 1.35 1.34 1.32 1.31 1.30

5.37 5.25 5.13 5.02 4.90 4.79 4.68 4.58 4.47 4.37

10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

18.00 18.10 18.20 18.30 18.40

1.28 1.27 1.26 1.24 1.23

4.27 4.17 4.07 3.98 3.89

10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Page 34

35% SSA-2 (BWOC) + 15 lbs/sk Hi-Dense Added to Class G or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc. cuft/sk gals/sk Lbs/sk

17.00 17.10 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.50 17.60 17.70 17.80 17.90

1.49 1.48 1.46 1.44 1.43 1.41 1.40 1.38 1.37 1.35

5.72 5.60 5.47 5.35 5.23 5.12 5.00 4.89 4.78 4.68

15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00

18.00 18.10 18.20 18.30 18.40 18.50

1.34 1.33 1.31 1.30 1.29 1.27

4.57 4.47 4.37 4.27 4.17 4.08

15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00

Page 35

35% SSA-2 (BWOC) + 20 lbs/sk Hi-Dense Added to Class G or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Slurry Yield Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc. Lbs/Gallon cuft/sk gals/sk Lbs/sk 17.00 1.55 6.05 20.00 17.10 1.54 5.92 20.00 17.20 1.52 5.79 20.00 17.30 1.50 5.67 20.00 17.40 1.49 5.54 20.00 17.50 1.47 5.42 20.00 17.60 1.45 5.30 20.00 17.70 1.44 5.19 20.00 17.80 1.42 5.07 20.00 17.90 1.41 4.96 20.00 18.00 1.39 4.85 20.00 18.10 1.38 4.75 20.00 18.20 1.37 4.64 20.00 18.30 1.35 4.54 20.00 18.40 1.34 4.44 20.00 18.50 1.33 4.34 20.00 18.60 1.31 4.25 20.00 18.70 1.30 4.15 20.00 18.80 1.29 4.06 20.00 18.90 1.27 3.97 20.00 35% SSA-2 (BWOC) + 25 lbs/sk Hi-Dense Added to Class G or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

17.50 17.60 17.70 17.80 17.90 18.00 18.10 18.20 18.30 18.40 18.50 18.60 18.70 18.80 18.90 19.00

1.53 1.51 1.50 1.48 1.47 1.45 1.44 1.42 1.41 1.39 1.38 1.37 1.35 1.34 1.33 1.32

Water Ratio Hi-Dense Conc. gals/sk Lbs/sk 5.77 5.64 5.52 5.40 5.29 5.18 5.06 4.96 4.85 4.74 4.64 4.54 4.44 4.35 4.25 4.16

25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00

Page 36

Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60 14.70 14.80 14.90

1.51 1.48 1.46 1.44 1.41 1.39 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.30

7.71 7.52 7.33 7.14 6.97 6.80 6.63 6.47 6.31 6.16

15.00 15.10 15.20 15.30 15.40 15.50 15.60 15.70 15.80 15.90

1.28 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.15 1.13

6.02 5.88 5.74 5.60 5.47 5.35 5.22 5.11 4.99 4.88

16.00 16.10 16.20 16.30 16.40 16.50 16.60 16.70 16.80 16.90

1.12 1.10 1.09 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.01 1.00

4.76 4.66 4.55 4.45 4.35 4.25 4.16 4.07 3.98 3.89

17.00 17.10 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.50

0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.93

3.80 3.72 3.63 3.55 3.48 3.40

Page 37

3% Salt (BWOW) Added to Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

Salt Conc. Lbs/sk

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60 14.70 14.80 14.90

1.54 1.52 1.49 1.46 1.44 1.41 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.33

7.88 7.68 7.48 7.29 7.10 6.93 6.75 6.59 6.43 6.27

1.97 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.65 1.61 1.57

15.00 15.10 15.20 15.30 15.40 15.50 15.60 15.70 15.80 15.90

1.31 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.15

6.12 5.97 5.83 5.69 5.56 5.43 5.30 5.18 5.06 4.94

1.53 1.49 1.46 1.42 1.39 1.36 1.32 1.29 1.26 1.24

16.00 16.10 16.20 16.30 16.40 16.50 16.60 16.70 16.80 16.90

1.13 1.12 1.10 1.09 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.03 1.02 1.01

4.83 4.72 4.61 4.51 4.40 4.31 4.21 4.11 4.02 3.93

1.21 1.18 1.15 1.13 1.10 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.00 0.98

17.00 17.10 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.50 17.60 17.70 17.80 17.90

1.00 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90

3.84 3.76 3.67 3.59 3.51 3.43 3.35 3.28 3.21 3.13

0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.78

Page 38

5% Salt (BWOW) Added to Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

Salt Conc. Lbs/sk

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60 14.70 14.80 14.90

1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.46 1.43 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.34

8.01 7.80 7.59 7.40 7.21 7.03 6.85 6.68 6.51 6.35

3.34 3.25 3.16 3.08 3.00 2.93 2.85 2.78 2.71 2.65

15.00 15.10 15.20 15.30 15.40 15.50 15.60 15.70 15.80 15.90

1.32 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.16

6.20 6.05 5.90 5.76 5.62 5.49 5.36 5.24 5.11 4.99

2.58 2.52 2.46 2.40 2.34 2.29 2.23 2.18 2.13 2.08

16.00 16.10 16.20 16.30 16.40 16.50 16.60 16.70 16.80 16.90

1.14 1.13 1.11 1.10 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.04 1.03 1.02

4.88 4.77 4.66 4.55 4.45 4.34 4.25 4.15 4.06 3.96

2.03 1.99 1.94 1.90 1.85 1.81 1.77 1.73 1.69 1.65

17.00 17.10 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.50 17.60 17.70 17.80 17.90

1.01 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91

3.87 3.79 3.70 3.62 3.54 3.46 3.38 3.30 3.23 3.16

1.61 1.58 1.54 1.51 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.38 1.34 1.31

Page 39

10% Salt (BWOW) Added to Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

Salt Conc. Lbs/sk

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60 14.70 14.80 14.90

1.62 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.48 1.45 1.43 1.40 1.38

8.28 8.05 7.83 7.63 7.42 7.23 7.04 6.86 6.69 6.52

6.89 6.71 6.53 6.35 6.18 6.02 5.87 5.72 5.57 5.43

15.00 15.10 15.20 15.30 15.40 15.50 15.60 15.70 15.80 15.90

1.36 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.18

6.36 6.20 6.04 5.90 5.75 5.61 5.48 5.35 5.22 5.09

5.29 5.16 5.03 4.91 4.79 4.68 4.56 4.45 4.35 4.24

16.00 16.10 16.20 16.30 16.40 16.50 16.60 16.70 16.80 16.90

1.17 1.15 1.13 1.12 1.10 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.04

4.97 4.86 4.74 4.63 4.52 4.42 4.32 4.22 4.12 4.03

4.14 4.05 3.95 3.86 3.77 3.68 3.60 3.51 3.43 3.35

17.00 17.10 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.50 17.60 17.70 17.80 17.90

1.02 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92

3.93 3.84 3.75 3.67 3.58 3.50 3.42 3.34 3.27 3.19

3.28 3.20 3.13 3.06 2.99 2.92 2.85 2.79 2.72 2.66

Page 40

18% Salt (BWOW) Added to Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

Salt Conc. Lbs/sk

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60 14.70 14.80 14.90

1.71 1.68 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.49 1.47 1.44

8.70 8.45 8.21 7.98 7.76 7.54 7.34 7.14 6.95 6.77

13.04 12.66 12.30 11.96 11.63 11.31 11.00 10.71 10.42 10.15

15.00 15.10 15.20 15.30 15.40 15.50 15.60 15.70 15.80 15.90

1.41 1.39 1.37 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22

6.59 6.42 6.25 6.10 5.94 5.79 5.65 5.51 5.37 5.24

9.88 9.63 9.38 9.14 8.91 8.68 8.47 8.26 8.05 7.85

16.00 16.10 16.20 16.30 16.40 16.50 16.60 16.70 16.80 16.90

1.20 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.14 1.12 1.11 1.09 1.08 1.06

5.11 4.99 4.87 4.75 4.63 4.52 4.42 4.31 4.21 4.11

7.66 7.48 7.30 7.12 6.95 6.78 6.62 6.46 6.31 6.16

17.00 17.10 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.50 17.60 17.70 17.80 17.90

1.05 1.04 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.94

4.01 3.92 3.83 3.74 3.65 3.56 3.48 3.40 3.32 3.24

6.02 5.88 5.74 5.60 5.47 5.34 5.22 5.10 4.98 4.86

Page 41

36% Salt (BWOW) Added to Class A, C, G, or H Cements Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

Salt Conc. Lbs/sk

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60 14.70 14.80 14.90

1.94 1.89 1.85 1.81 1.76 1.73 1.69 1.65 1.62 1.58

9.64 9.33 9.03 8.75 8.48 8.22 7.97 7.73 7.51 7.29

28.91 27.97 27.08 26.23 25.42 24.64 23.90 23.19 22.51 21.86

15.00 15.10 15.20 15.30 15.40 15.50 15.60 15.70 15.80 15.90

1.55 1.52 1.49 1.47 1.44 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.34 1.32

7.08 6.88 6.68 6.50 6.32 6.15 5.98 5.82 5.67 5.52

21.23 20.63 20.05 19.49 18.95 18.44 17.94 17.46 16.99 16.54

16.00 16.10 16.20 16.30 16.40 16.50 16.60 16.70 16.80 16.90

1.29 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.13

5.37 5.23 5.10 4.96 4.84 4.71 4.60 4.48 4.37 4.26

16.11 15.69 15.28 14.89 14.51 14.14 13.78 13.43 13.10 12.77

17.00 17.10 17.20 17.30 17.40 17.50 17.60 17.70 17.80 17.90

1.11 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.98

4.15 4.05 3.95 3.85 3.76 3.66 3.57 3.49 3.40 3.32

12.45 12.14 11.84 11.55 11.26 10.99 10.72 10.46 10.20 9.95

Page 42

Class A, C, G, or H Cements 74 lb/sk Pozmix Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties 50/50 Poz Cement with No Bentonite Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60 14.70 14.80 14.90

1.27 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.13 1.12 1.10

5.93 5.77 5.61 5.45 5.30 5.16 5.02 4.89 4.75 4.63

15.00 15.10 15.20 15.30 15.40 15.50 15.60 15.70 15.80 15.90

1.08 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.01 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.95

4.50 4.38 4.27 4.16 4.05 3.94 3.84 3.73 3.64 3.54

16.00 16.10 16.20 16.30 16.40

0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90

3.45 3.36 3.27 3.18 3.10

Page 43

Class A, C, G, or H Cements 74 lb/sk Pozmix Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties 50/50 Poz Cement with 2% Bentonite Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 13.50 13.60 13.70 13.80 13.90

1.58 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.37 1.35 1.32

8.12 7.87 7.64 7.41 7.19 6.98 6.78 6.58 6.40 6.22

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60 14.70 14.80 14.90

1.30 1.28 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.16 1.14 1.12

6.04 5.87 5.71 5.55 5.40 5.25 5.11 4.97 4.84 4.71

15.00 15.10 15.20 15.30 15.40

1.10 1.09 1.07 1.06 1.04

4.58 4.46 4.34 4.23 4.12

Page 44

Class A, C, G, or H Cements 74 lb/sk Pozmix Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties 50/50 Poz Cement with 4% Bentonite Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

12.50 12.60 12.70 12.80 12.90

1.80 1.76 1.72 1.68 1.64

9.71 9.39 9.09 8.81 8.53

13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 13.50 13.60 13.70 13.80 13.90

1.61 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.37 1.35

8.27 8.02 7.78 7.54 7.32 7.11 6.90 6.70 6.51 6.33

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60 14.70 14.80 14.90

1.32 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.14

6.15 5.98 5.81 5.65 5.50 5.35 5.20 5.06 4.93 4.79

Page 45

Class A, C, G, or H Cements 74 lb/sk Pozmix Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties 50/50 Poz Cement with 6% Bentonite Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

12.50 12.60 12.70 12.80 12.90

1.83 1.79 1.75 1.71 1.67

9.88 9.56 9.26 8.96 8.68

13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 13.50 13.60 13.70 13.80 13.90

1.64 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.37

8.42 8.16 7.91 7.68 7.45 7.23 7.02 6.82 6.63 6.44

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60 14.70 14.80 14.90

1.35 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.16

6.26 6.08 5.91 5.75 5.59 5.44 5.29 5.15 5.01 4.88

Page 46

Class A, C, G, or H Cements 74 lb/sk Pozmix Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties 50/50 Poz Cement with 8% Bentonite Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

12.00 12.10 12.20 12.30 12.40 12.50 12.60 12.70 12.80 12.90

2.12 2.06 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.74 1.70

11.96 11.54 11.14 10.76 10.40 10.06 9.73 9.42 9.12 8.84

13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 13.50 13.60 13.70 13.80 13.90

1.67 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.40

8.56 8.30 8.05 7.81 7.58 7.36 7.15 6.94 6.74 6.55

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40

1.37 1.35 1.33 1.30 1.28

6.37 6.19 6.02 5.85 5.69

Page 47

Class A, C, G, or H Cements 74 lb/sk Pozmix Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties 65% Cement / 35% Poz with 6% Bentonite Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

11.50 11.60 11.70 11.80 11.90

2.54 2.47 2.39 2.32 2.26

15.19 14.61 14.06 13.55 13.06

12.00 12.10 12.20 12.30 12.40 12.50 12.60 12.70 12.80 12.90

2.20 2.14 2.08 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.76

12.60 12.16 11.75 11.36 10.98 10.63 10.29 9.97 9.66 9.36

13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 13.50 13.60 13.70 13.80 13.90

1.73 1.69 1.66 1.62 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.50 1.47 1.45

9.08 8.81 8.55 8.30 8.06 7.83 7.61 7.40 7.19 6.99

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60

1.42 1.40 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.31 1.29

6.80 6.62 6.44 6.27 6.10 5.94 5.79

Page 48

Class A, C, G, or H Cements 74 lb/sk Pozmix Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties 65% Cement / 35% Poz with 6% Bentonite and 3% Salt Slurry Density Slurry Yield Lbs/Gallon cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

Salt Conc. lbs/sk

11.50 11.60 11.70 11.80 11.90

2.60 2.52 2.44 2.37 2.30

15.45 14.85 14.28 13.74 13.24

3.86 3.71 3.57 3.43 3.31

12.00 12.10 12.20 12.30 12.40 12.50 12.60 12.70 12.80 12.90

2.24 2.18 2.12 2.06 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.83 1.79

12.77 12.32 11.89 11.49 11.10 10.74 10.39 10.06 9.74 9.44

3.19 3.08 2.97 2.87 2.77 2.68 2.60 2.51 2.43 2.36

13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 13.50 13.60 13.70 13.80 13.90

1.75 1.71 1.68 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.49 1.46

9.15 8.88 8.61 8.36 8.11 7.88 7.65 7.44 7.23 7.03

2.29 2.22 2.15 2.09 2.03 1.97 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.76

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60

1.44 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.30

6.83 6.65 6.47 6.29 6.12 5.96 5.80

1.71 1.66 1.62 1.57 1.53 1.49 1.45

Page 49

Class A, C, G, or H Cements 74 lb/sk Pozmix Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties 65% Cement / 35% Poz + 6% Bentonite + 10 lb/sk Gilsonite Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

11.50 11.60 11.70 11.80 11.90

2.57 2.49 2.42 2.35 2.28

14.27 13.69 13.13 12.61 12.12

12.00 12.10 12.20 12.30 12.40 12.50 12.60 12.70 12.80 12.90

2.22 2.16 2.11 2.05 2.00 1.95 1.91 1.86 1.82 1.78

11.66 11.21 10.80 10.40 10.02 9.66 9.32 8.99 8.68 8.38

13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 13.50 13.60 13.70 13.80 13.90

1.74 1.71 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.49 1.46

8.10 7.82 7.56 7.31 7.07 6.84 6.61 6.40 6.19 5.99

14.00 14.10 14.20 14.30 14.40 14.50 14.60

1.44 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.30

5.80 5.61 5.43 5.26 5.09 4.93 4.77

Page 50

Class A, C, G, or H Cements 74 lb/sk Pozmix Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties 85% Cement / 15% Poz with 8% Bentonite Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

11.00 11.10 11.20 11.30 11.40 11.50 11.60 11.70 11.80 11.90

3.28 3.17 3.06 2.95 2.86 2.77 2.68 2.60 2.53 2.46

20.65 19.76 18.94 18.17 17.45 16.77 16.14 15.54 14.98 14.45

12.00 12.10 12.20 12.30 12.40 12.50 12.60 12.70 12.80 12.90

2.39 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.92

13.95 13.48 13.03 12.60 12.20 11.81 11.44 11.09 10.75 10.43

13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 13.50 13.60 13.70 13.80 13.90

1.88 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.57

10.13 9.83 9.55 9.28 9.02 8.77 8.53 8.29 8.07 7.86

14.00 14.10

1.55 1.52

7.65 7.45

Page 51

Class A, C, G, or H Cements 74 lb/sk Pozmix Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties 85% Cement / 15% Poz with 8% Bentonite and 3% Salt Slurry Density Slurry Yield Lbs/Gallon cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

Salt Conc. lbs/sk

11.00 11.10 11.20 11.30 11.40 11.50 11.60 11.70 11.80 11.90

3.38 3.25 3.14 3.03 2.93 2.83 2.74 2.66 2.58 2.51

21.12 20.18 19.32 18.51 17.76 17.06 16.40 15.78 15.20 14.66

5.28 5.04 4.83 4.63 4.44 4.26 4.10 3.94 3.80 3.66

12.00 12.10 12.20 12.30 12.40 12.50 12.60 12.70 12.80 12.90

2.44 2.37 2.31 2.25 2.19 2.14 2.09 2.04 1.99 1.95

14.14 13.65 13.19 12.75 12.33 11.93 11.55 11.19 10.85 10.52

3.53 3.41 3.30 3.19 3.08 2.98 2.89 2.80 2.71 2.63

13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 13.50 13.60 13.70 13.80 13.90

1.90 1.86 1.82 1.79 1.75 1.72 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.59

10.21 9.91 9.62 9.34 9.08 8.82 8.58 8.34 8.11 7.89

2.55 2.48 2.40 2.33 2.27 2.20 2.14 2.08 2.03 1.97

14.00 14.10

1.56 1.54

7.68 7.48

1.92 1.87

Page 52

Class A, C, G, or H Cements 74 lb/sk Pozmix Mixed With Fresh Water Commonly Applied Slurry Properties 85% Cement / 15% Poz + 8% Bentonite + 10 lb/sk Gilsonite Slurry Density Lbs/Gallon

Slurry Yield cuft/sk

Water Ratio gals/sk

11.00 11.10 11.20 11.30 11.40 11.50 11.60 11.70 11.80 11.90

3.32 3.20 3.09 2.98 2.89 2.79 2.71 2.63 2.55 2.48

19.77 18.88 18.04 17.26 16.54 15.86 15.22 14.62 14.05 13.52

12.00 12.10 12.20 12.30 12.40 12.50 12.60 12.70 12.80 12.90

2.41 2.35 2.29 2.23 2.18 2.12 2.07 2.03 1.98 1.94

13.01 12.53 12.08 11.65 11.24 10.84 10.47 10.12 9.78 9.45

13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 13.50 13.60 13.70 13.80 13.90

1.90 1.86 1.82 1.78 1.75 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.59

9.14 8.85 8.56 8.29 8.02 7.77 7.53 7.29 7.07 6.85

14.00 14.10

1.56 1.54

6.64 6.44

Page 53

ENGLISH UNITS

EQUATIONS FOR MAKING FLOW CALCULATIONS 1. DISPLACEMENT VELOCITY where,

For annulus where,

V Qb Qcf D D2 DO DI

= = = = = = =

For annulus

NRe V ρ n' K' D D

= = = = = = =

17.157 Qb D2

3.056 Qcf

=

D2

velocity, ft. per sec. pumping rate, bbls, per min. pumping rate, cu. ft. per min. inside dia. of pipe, inches. DO2 – DI2 outer pipe inside dia. or hole size, in. inner pipe outside dia., in.

2. REYNOLDS NUMBER where,

V=

NRe =

1.86 V (2-n’) ρ K’ (96/D)n’

Reynolds Number, dimensionless. velocity, ft. per sec. slurry density, lbs. per gal. flow behaviour index, dimensionless. consistency index, lbs.-sec.n' per sq. ft. inside dia. of pipe, in. D O – DI

3. FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP

∆P f =

0.039 L ρ V2ƒ D

∆ P f = friction pressure drop, psi. L = length of pipe, ft. ρ = slurry density, lbs. per gal. V = velocity, ft. per sec. f = friction factor, dimensionless. D = inside dia. of pipe, in. For annulus, D = D O – DI 3a. Turbulent Friction Factor for slurries containing no bentonite. f = 0.0303/NRe0.1612 3b. Turbulent Friction Factor for slurries containing bentonite. f = 0.00454 + 0.645/NRe0.7 3c. Plug and Laminar Friction Factor f = 16/NRe where,

4. VELOCITY AT SOME SPECIFIC REYNOLDS NUMBER For generalized calculations: NRe for Plug Flow = 100 (maximum) NRe for for Turbulence = 3000 NRe K’ (96/D)n’ V= 1.86 ρ

(

where,

For annulus where,

V K' n' ρ D

NRe D D0 D1

= = = = = = = = =

)

1 2-n’

velocity, ft. per sec. consistency index, lb.-sec.n' per sq. ft. flow behaviour index, dimensionless. slurry density, lbs. per gal. inside diamete of pipe, in. specified Reynolds No., dimensionless. D O – DI outer pipe inside dia. or hole size, in. inner pipe outside dia., in.

5. HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE Ph = .05195ρH where, Ph = hydrostatic pressure, psi. ρ = fluid density, lbs. per gal. H = height of column, ft.

Page 54

METRIC UNITS

EQUATIONS FOR MAKING FLOW CALCULATIONS 1. DISPLACEMENT VELOCITY where, For annulus, where, 2.

= = = = = =

REYNOLDS NUMBER where,

For annulus 3.

V Q D D2 DO D1

NRe V ρ n' K' D D

= = = = = = =

V=

D velocity, m per s. pumping rate, m3 per min. inside diameter of pipe, mm. DO2 – DI2 outer pipe inside diameter or hole size, mm. inner pipe outside diameter, mm. 8 V (2-n’) ρ NRe = K’ 8000 n’ Reynolds Number, dimensionless. D velocity, m. per sec. slurry density, kg. per m3. flow behaviour index, dimensionless. consistency index, Pa-sn'. inside diameter of pipe, mm. D O– D I

( )

FRICTIONAL PRESSURE DROP where,

For annulus,

Pf L ρ V ƒ D D

= = = = = = =

21221 Q

∆P f =

2 L ρ V2ƒ

friction pressure drop, kPa. length of pipe, m. density of slurry, kg/m3. velocity, m/s. friction factor, dimensionless. inside diameter of pipe, mm. D O– D I

D

3a. Turbulent Friction Factor for slurries containing no bentonite. ƒ = 0.0303/NRe0.1612 3b. Turbulent Friction Factor for slurries containing bentonite. f = 0.00454 + 0.645/NRe0.7 3c. Plug and Laminar Friction Factor 4.

f = 16/NRe0.7

VELOCITY AT SOME SPECIFIC REYNOLDS NUMBER For generalized calculations: NRe for Plug Flow = 100 (maximum) 1 NRe for Turbulence = 3000 NRe K’ (8000/D)n’ 2-n’ V= 8ρ

(

where,

For annulus

5.

V K' n' ρ D NRe D D0 D1

= = = = = = = = =

)

velocity, ft. per sec. consistency index Pa-sn'. flow behaviour index, dimensionless. slurry density, kg per m3. inside diameter of pipe, mm. specified Reynolds No., dimensionless. D O– D I outer pipe inside diameter or hole size, mm. inner pipe outside diameter, mm.

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE where, Ph = hydrostatic pressure, kPa. ρ = fluid density, kg/m3. H = height of column, m.

Ph = .00981ρH

Page 55

ENGLISH UNITS

SAND (20-40 MESH) FILL-UP IN CASING Weight lb/ft

ID in.

Capacity ft3/ft

Capacity ft/ft3

Pounds Sand per Linear Foot

Linear Feet per Per Pound of Sand

9.50 10.50 11.60 13.50

4.090 4.052 4.000 3.920

0.0912 0.0896 0.0873 0.0838

10.9604 11.1669 11.4592 11.9316

9.7259 9.5460 9.3026 8.9342

0.1028 0.1048 0.1075 0.1119

5

11.50 13.00 15.00 18.00 21.00

4.560 4.494 4.408 4.276 4.154

0.1134 0.1102 0.1060 0.0997 0.0941

8.8174 9.0783 9.4360 10.0276 10.6253

12.0897 11.7422 11.2971 10.6307 10.0327

0.0827 0.0852 0.0885 0.0941 0.0997

5½

13.00 14.00 15.00 15.50 17.00 20.00 23.00

5.044 5.012 4.974 4.950 4.892 4.778 4.670

0.1388 0.1370 0.1349 0.1336 0.1305 0.1245 0.1189

7.2065 7.2988 7.4107 7.4828 7.6613 8.0312 8.4070

14.7923 14.6052 14.3845 14.2461 13.9142 13.2732 12.6800

0.0676 0.0685 0.0695 0.0702 0.0719 0.0753 0.0789

17.00 20.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 29.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 35.00 38.00 40.00

6.538 6.456 6.398 6.366 6.336 6.276 6.214 6.184 6.154 6.094 6.040 6.004 5.920 5.836

0.2331 0.2273 0.2233 0.2210 0.2190 0.2148 0.2106 0.2086 0.2066 0.2026 0.1990 0.1966 0.1911 0.1858

4.2893 4.3989 4.4790 4.5242 4.5671 4.6549 4.7482 4.7944 4.8413 4.9371 5.0257 5.0862 5.2315 5.3832

24.8527 24.2332 23.7998 23.5623 23.3408 22.9008 22.4506 22.2343 22.0191 21.5918 21.2109 20.9588 20.3764 19.8023

0.0402 0.0413 0.0420 0.0424 0.0428 0.0437 0.0445 0.0450 0.0454 0.0463 0.0471 0.0477 0.0491 0.0505

7-5/8

20.00 24.00 26.40 29.70 33.70 39.00 43.50

7.125 7.025 6.969 6.875 6.765 6.625 6.435

0.2769 0.2692 0.2649 0.2578 0.2496 0.2394 0.2259

3.6116 3.7152 3.7751 3.8791 4.0062 4.1773 4.4277

29.5158 28.6931 28.2375 27.4808 26.6085 25.5186 24.0759

0.0339 0.0349 0.0354 0.0364 0.0376 0.0392 0.0415

8-5/8

24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00 38.00 40.00 43.00 44.00 49.00

8.097 8.017 7.921 7.825 7.775 7.725 7.651 7.625 7.511

0.3576 0.3506 0.3422 0.3340 0.3297 0.3255 0.3193 0.3171 0.3077

2.7966 2.8527 2.9222 2.9944 3.0330 3.0724 3.1321 3.1535 3.2500

38.1182 37.3687 36.4791 35.6003 35.1468 34.6962 34.0346 33.8037 32.8005

0.0262 0.0268 0.0274 0.0281 0.0285 0.0288 0.0294 0.0296 0.0305

9-5/8

29.30 32.30 36.00 38.00 40.00 43.50 47.00 53.50 58.40 61.10 71.80

9.063 9.001 8.921 8.885 8.835 8.755 8.681 8.535 8.435 8.375 8.125

0.4480 0.4419 0.4341 0.4306 0.4257 0.4181 0.4110 0.3973 0.3881 0.3826 0.3601

2.2322 2.2630 2.3038 2.3225 2.3489 2.3920 2.4329 2.5169 2.5769 2.6140 2.7773

47.7561 47.1049 46.2713 45.8986 45.3835 44.5653 43.8151 42.3537 41.3671 40.7807 38.3823

0.0209 0.0212 0.0216 0.0218 0.0220 0.0224 0.0228 0.0236 0.0242 0.0245 0.0261

Size in.

4½

7

Page 56

METRIC UNITS

SAND (20-40 MESH) FILL-UP IN CASING Weight kg/m

ID mm

Capacity m3/m

Capacity m/m3

Kilograms Sand per Meter

Meters per Per Kilogram of Sand

14.14 15.63 17.26 20.09

103.89 102.92 101.60 99.57

0.0085 0.0083 0.0081 0.0078

117.98 120.20 123.35 128.43

14.47 14.21 13.84 13.30

0.0691 0.0704 0.0723 0.0752

127.00

17.11 19.35 22.32 26.79 31.25

115.82 114.15 111.96 108.61 105.51

0.0105 0.0102 0.0098 0.0093 0.0087

94.91 97.72 101.57 107.94 114.37

17.99 17.47 16.81 15.82 14.93

0.0556 0.0572 0.0595 0.0632 0.0670

139.70

19.35 20.83 22.32 23.07 25.30 29.76 34.23

128.12 127.31 126.34 125.73 124.26 121.36 118.62

0.0129 0.0127 0.0125 0.0124 0.0121 0.0116 0.0110

77.57 78.56 79.77 80.54 82.47 86.45 90.49

22.01 21.73 21.41 21.20 20.71 19.75 18.87

0.0454 0.0460 0.0467 0.0471 0.0483 0.0506 0.0530

25.30 29.76 32.74 34.23 35.72 38.69 41.67 43.16 44.64 47.62 50.60 52.09 56.55 59.53

166.07 163.98 162.51 161.70 160.93 159.41 157.84 157.07 156.31 154.79 153.42 152.50 150.37 148.23

0.0217 0.0211 0.0207 0.0205 0.0203 0.0200 0.0196 0.0194 0.0192 0.0188 0.0185 0.0183 0.0178 0.0173

46.17 47.35 48.21 48.70 49.16 50.10 51.11 51.61 52.11 53.14 54.10 54.75 56.31 57.94

36.98 36.06 35.42 35.06 34.73 34.08 33.41 33.09 32.77 32.13 31.57 31.19 30.32 29.47

0.0270 0.0277 0.0282 0.0285 0.0288 0.0293 0.0299 0.0302 0.0305 0.0311 0.0317 0.0320 0.0330 0.0340

193.68

29.76 35.72 39.29 44.20 50.15 58.04 64.74

180.98 178.44 177.01 174.63 171.83 168.28 163.45

0.0257 0.0250 0.0246 0.0240 0.0232 0.0222 0.0210

38.87 39.99 40.63 41.75 43.12 44.96 47.66

43.92 42.70 42.02 40.90 39.60 37.98 35.83

0.0228 0.0234 0.0237 0.0244 0.0253 0.0263 0.0280

219.08

35.72 41.57 47.62 53.57 56.65 59.53 63.99 65.48 72.92

205.66 203.63 201.19 198.76 197.49 196.22 194.34 193.68 190.78

0.0332 0.0326 0.0318 0.0310 0.0306 0.0302 0.0297 0.0295 0.0286

30.10 30.71 31.45 32.23 32.65 33.07 33.70 33.94 34.98

56.73 55.61 54.29 52.98 52.30 51.63 50.65 50.31 48.81

0.0176 0.0180 0.0184 0.0189 0.0191 0.0194 0.0197 0.0199 0.0204

244.48

43.60 48.07 53.57 56.55 59.53 64.74 69.94 79.62 86.91 90.93 106.85

230.20 228.63 226.59 225.68 224.41 222.38 220.50 216.79 214.25 212.73 206.38

0.0416 0.0411 0.0403 0.0400 0.0395 0.0388 0.0382 0.0369 0.0361 0.0355 0.0335

24.03 24.36 24.80 25.00 25.28 25.75 26.19 27.09 27.74 28.14 29.89

71.07 70.10 68.86 68.30 67.54 66.32 65.20 63.03 61.56 60.69 57.12

0.0140 0.0143 0.0145 0.0146 0.0148 0.0150 0.0153 0.0159 0.0162 0.0165 0.0175

Size mm

114.30

177.80

Page 57

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

DEPTH CONVERSION TABLE FEET 3.28083 6.56 9.84 13.12 16.40

FEET OR METERS TO BE CONVERTED 1 2 3 4 5

METERS 0.3048 0.61 0.91 1.22 1.52

19.68 22.97 26.25 29.53 32.81

6 7 8 9 10

1.83 2.13 2.44 2.74 3.05

65.62 98.42 131.23 164.04 196.85

20 30 40 50 60

6.10 9.14 12.19 15.24 18.29

229.66 262.47 295.27 328.08 656.17

70 80 90 100 200

21.34 24.38 27.43 30.48 60.96

984.25 1,312.33 1,640.42 1,968.50 2,296.58

300 400 500 600 700

91.44 121.92 152.40 182.88 213.36

2,624.66 2,952.75 3,280.83 6,561.66 9,842.49

800 900 1,000 2,000 3,000

243.84 274.32 304.80 609.60 914.40

13,123.32 16,404.15 19,684.98 22,965.81 26,246.64

4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

1,219.20 1,524.00 1,828.80 2,133.60 2,438.40

29,527.47 32,808.30 49,212.45 65,616.60 82,020.75

9,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

2,743.20 3,048.00 4,572.00 6,096.00 7,620.00

Page 58

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

VOLUME CONVERSION TABLE Gals. Converted to Cu. Ft Litres

Gals. or Cu. Ft to be converted

0.13368 0.27 0.40 0.53 0.67

3.78533 7.57 11.36 15.14 18.93

0.80 0.94 1.07 1.20 1.34

22.71 26.50 30.28 34.07 37.85

2.67 4.01 5.35 6.68 8.02 9.36 10.69 12.03 13.37 26.74

1 2 3 4 5

Cu. Ft. Converted to Gals. Cu. Meters

7.48052 14.96 22.44 29.92 37.40

0.028317 0.0566 0.0850 0.113 0.142

6 7 8 9 10

44.88 52.36 59.84 67.32 74.81

0.170 0.198 0.227 0.255 0.283

75.71 113.56 151.41 189.27 227.12

20 30 40 50 60

149.61 224.42 299.22 374.03 448.83

0.57 0.85 1.13 1.42 1.70

264.97 302.83 340.68 378.53 757.07

70 80 90 100 200

523.64 598.44 673.25 748.05 1,496.10

1.98 2.27 2.55 2.83 5.66

40.1 53.5 66.8 80.2 93.6

1,135.6 1,514.1 1,892.7 2,271.2 2,649.7

300 400 500 600 700

2,244.2 2,992.2 3,740.3 4,488.3 5,236.4

8.5 11.3 14.2 17.0 19.8

106.9 120.3 133.7 267.4 401.0

3,028.3 3,406.8 3,785.3 7,570.7 11,356.0

800 900 1,000 2,000 3,000

5,984.4 6,732.5 7,480.5 14,961.0 22,441.6

22.7 25.5 28.3 56.6 85.0

534.7 668.4 802.1 935.8 1,069.4

15,141.3 18,926.7 22,712.0 26,497.3 30,282.6

4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

29,922.1 37,402.6 44,883.1 52,363.6 59,844.2

113.3 141.6 169.9 198.2 226.5

1,203.1 1,336.8 2,005.2 2,673.6 3,342.0

34,068.0 37,853.3 56,780.0 75,706.6 94,633.3

9,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

67,324.7 74,805.2 112,207.8 149,610.4 187,013.0

254.9 283.2 424.8 566.3 707.9

Page 59

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH CONVERSION TABLE PSI

7.25 14.5 29.0 43.5 58.0

kPa

N/cm2 or PSI to be converted

N/cm2

kPa

50 100 200 300 400

5 10 20 30 40

3.45 6.89 13.8 20.7 27.6

34.5 68.9 138 207 276

500 600 700 800 900

50 60 70 80 90

34.5 41.4 48.3 55.2 62.1

345 414 483 552 621

145 290 435 580 725

1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000

100 200 300 400 500

68.9 138 207 276 345

689 1 380 2 070 2 760 3 450

870 1,020 1,160 1,310 1,450

6 000 7 000 8 000 9 000 10 000

600 700 800 900 1000

414 483 552 621 689

4 140 4 830 5 520 6 210 6 890

1,600 1,740 1,890 2,030 2,180

11 000 12 000 13 000 14 000 15 000

1,100 1200 1,300 1,400 1,500

758 827 896 965 1 030

7 580 8 270 8 960 9 650 10 300

2,320 2,470 2,610 2,760 2,900

16 000 17 000 18 000 19 000 20 000

1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000

1 100 1 170 1 240 1 310 1 380

11 000 11 700 12 400 13 100 13 800

4,350 5,800 7,250 8,700 10,200

30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000

3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

2 070 2 760 3 450 4 140 4 830

20 700 27 600 34 500 41 400 48 300

11,600 13,100 14,500 21,800 29,000

80 000 90 000 100 000 150 000 200 000

8,000 9,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

5 520 6 210 6 890 10 300 13 800

55 200 62 100 68 900 103 000 138 000

72.5 87.0 102 116 131

1 N/cm2 = 10 kPa 1 N/cm2 = 1.450377 PSI

1 PSI = .6894757 N/cm2 1 PSI = 6.894757 kPa

Page 60

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES ºF

Reading in ºF or ºC to be converted

ºC

–0.4 +3.2 +6.8 +10.4 +14.0 +17.6 +19.4 +21.2 +23.0 +24.8 +26.6 +28.4 +30.2 +32.0 +33.8 +35.6 +37.4 +39.2 +41.0 +42.8 +44.6 +46.4 +48.2 +50.0 +51.8 +53.6 +55.4 +57.2 +59.0 +60.8 +62.6 +64.4 +66.2 +68.0 +69.8 +71.6 +73.4 +75.2 +77.0 +78.8 +80.6 +82.4 +84.2 +86.0 +87.8 +89.6 +91.4 +93.2 +95.0 +96.8 +98.6 +100.4 +102.2 +104.0 +105.8 +107.6 +109.4 +111.2 +113.0 +114.8

–18 –16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 ±0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +10 +11 +12 +13 +14 +15 +16 +17 +18 +19 +20 +21 +22 +23 +24 +25 +26 +27 +28 +29 +30 +31 +32 +33 +34 +35 +36 +37 +38 +39 +40 +41 +42 +43 +44 +45 +46

–27.78 –26.67 –25.56 –24.44 –23.33 –22.22 –21.67 –21.11 –20.56 –20.00 –19.44 –18.99 –18.33 –17.78 –17.22 –16.67 –16.11 –15.56 –15.00 –14.44 –13.89 –13.33 –12.78 –12.22 –11.67 –11.11 –10.56 –10.00 –9.44 –8.89 –8.33 –7.78 –7.22 –6.67 –6.11 –5.56 –5.00 –4.44 –3.89 –3.33 –2.78 –2.22 –1.67 –1.11 –0.56 ±0.00 +0.56 +1.11 +1.67 +2.22 +2.78 +3.33 +3.89 +4.44 +5.00 +5.56 +6.11 +6.67 +7.22 +7.78

ºF +116.6 +118.4 +120.2 +122.0 +123.8 +123.8 +127.4 +129.2 +131.0 +132.8 +134.6 +136.4 +138.2 +140.0 +141.8 +143.6 +145.4 +147.2 +149.0 +150.8 +152.6 +154.4 +156.2 +158.0 +159.8 +161.6 +163.4 +165.2 +167.0 +168.8 +170.6 +172.4 +174.2 +176.0 +177.8 +179.6 +181.4 +183.2 +185.0 +186.8 +188.6 +190.4 +192.2 +194.0 +195.8 +197.6 +199.4 +201.2 +203.0 +204.8 +206.6 +208.4 +210.2 +212.0 +213.8 +215.6 +217.4 +219.2 +221.0 +222.8

Reading in ºF or ºC to be converted

ºC

+47 +48 +49 +50 +51 +52 +53 +54 +55 +56 +57 +58 +59 +60 +61 +62 +63 +64 +65 +66 +67 +68 +69 +70 +71 +72 +73 +74 +75 +76 +77 +78 +79 +80 +81 +82 +83 +84 +85 +86 +87 +88 +89 +90 +91 +92 +93 +94 +95 +96 +97 +98 +99 +100 +101 +102 +103 +104 +105 +106

+8.33 +8.89 +9.44 +10.00 +10.56 +11.11 +11.67 +12.22 +12.78 +13.33 +13.89 +14.44 +15.00 +15.56 +16.11 +16.67 +17.22 +17.78 +18.33 +18.89 +19.44 +20.00 +20.56 +21.11 +21.67 +22.22 +22.78 +23.33 +23.89 +24.44 +25.00 +25.56 +26.11 +26.67 +27.22 +27.78 +28.33 +28.89 +29.44 +30.00 +30.56 +31.11 +31.67 +32.22 +32.78 +33.33 +33.89 +34.44 +35.00 +35.56 +36.11 +36.67 +37.22 +37.78 +38.33 +38.89 +39.44 +40.00 +40.56 +41.11

Page 61

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES ºF +224.6 +226.4 +228.2 +230.0 +231.8 +233.6 +235.4 +237.2 +239.0 +240.8 +242.6 +244.4 +246.2 +248.0 +249.8 +251.6 +253.4 +255.2 +257.0 +258.8 +260.6 +262.4 +264.2 +266.0 +267.8 +269.6 +271.4 +273.2 +275.0 +276.8 +278.6 +280.4 +282.2 +284.0 +285.8 +287.6 +289.4 +291.2 +293.0 +294.8 +296.6 +298.4 +300.2 +302.0 +303.8 +305.6 +307.4 +309.2 +311.0 +312.8 +314.6 +316.4 +318.2 +320.0 +321.8 +323.6 +325.4 +327.2 +329.0 +330.8

Reading in ºF or ºC to be converted

ºC

ºF

Reading in ºF or ºC to be converted

+107 +108 +109 +110 +111 +112 +113 +114 +115 +116 +117 +118 +119 +120 +121 +122 +123 +124 +125 +126 +127 +128 +129 +130 +131 +132 +133 +134 +135 +136 +137 +138 +139 +140 +141 +142 +143 +144 +145 +146 +147 +148 +149 +150 +151 +152 +153 +154 +155 +156 +157 +158 +159 +160 +161 +162 +163 +164 +165 +166

+41.67 +42.22 +42.78 +43.33 +43.89 +44.44 +45.00 +45.56 +46.11 +46.67 +47.22 +47.78 +48.33 +48.89 +49.44 +50.00 +50.56 +51.11 +51.67 +52.22 +52.78 +53.33 +53.89 +54.44 +55.00 +55.56 +56.11 +56.67 +57.22 +57.78 +58.33 +58.89 +59.44 +60.00 +60.56 +61.11 +61.67 +62.22 +62.78 +63.33 +63.89 +64.44 +65.00 +65.56 +66.11 +66.67 +67.22 +67.78 +68.33 +68.89 +69.44 +70.00 +70.56 +71.11 +71.67 +72.22 +72.78 +73.33 +73.89 +74.44

+332.6 +334.4 +336.2 +338.0 +339.8 +341.6 +343.4 +345.2 +347.0 +348.8 +350.6 +352.4 +354.2 +356.0 +357.8 +359.6 +361.4 +363.2 +365.0 +366.8 +368.6 +370.4 +372.2 +374.0 +375.8 +377.6 +379.4 +381.2 +383.0 +384.8 +386.6 +388.4 +390.2 +392.0 +393.8 +395.6 +397.4 +399.2 +401.0 +402.8 +404.6 +406.4 +408.2 +410.0 +411.8 +413.6 +415.4 +417.2 +419.0 +420.8 +422.6 +424.4 +426.2 +428.0 +431.6 +435.2 +438.8 +442.4 +446.0 +449.6

+167 +168 +169 +170 +171 +172 +173 +174 +175 +176 +177 +178 +179 +180 +181 +182 +183 +184 +185 +186 +187 +188 +189 +190 +191 +192 +193 +194 +195 +196 +197 +198 +199 +200 +201 +202 +203 +204 +205 +206 +207 +208 +209 +210 +211 +212 +213 +214 +215 +216 +217 +218 +219 +220 +222 +224 +226 +228 +230 +232

ºC +75.00 +75.56 +76.11 +76.67 +77.22 +77.78 +78.33 +78.89 +79.44 +80.00 +80.56 +81.11 +81.67 +82.22 +82.78 +83.33 +83.89 +84.44 +85.00 +85.56 +86.11 +86.67 +87.22 +87.78 +88.33 +88.89 +89.44 +90.00 +90.56 +91.11 +91.67 +92.22 +92.78 +93.33 +93.89 +94.44 +95.00 +95.56 +96.11 +96.67 +97.22 +97.78 +98.33 +98.89 +99.44 +100.00 +100.56 +101.11 +101.67 +102.22 +102.78 +103.33 +103.89 +104.44 +105.56 +106.67 +107.78 +108.89 +110.00 +111.11

Page 62

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES ºF

Reading in ºF or ºC to be converted

+453.2 +456.8 +460.4 +464.0 +467.6 +471.2 +474.8 +478.4 +482.0 +485.6 +489.2 +492.8 +496.4 +500.0 +503.6 +507.2 +510.8 +514.4 +518.0 +521.6 +525.2 +528.8 +532.4 +536.0 +539.6 +543.2 +546.8 +550.4 +554.0 +557.6 +561.2 +564.8 +568.4 +572.0 +575.6 +579.2 +582.8 +586.4 +590.0 +593.6 +597.2 +600.8 +604.4 +608.0 +611.6

+234 +236 +238 +240 +242 +244 +246 +248 +250 +252 +254 +256 +258 +260 +262 +264 +266 +268 +270 +272 +274 +276 +278 +280 +282 +284 +286 +288 +290 +292 +294 +296 +298 +300 +302 +304 +306 +308 +310 +312 +314 +316 +318 +320 +322

ºC +112.22 +113.33 +114.44 +115.56 +116.67 +117.78 +118.89 +120.00 +121.11 +122.22 +123.33 +124.44 +125.56 +126.67 +127.78 +128.89 +130.00 +131.11 +132.22 +133.33 +134.44 +135.56 +136.67 +137.78 +138.89 +140.00 +141.11 +142.22 +143.33 +144.44 +145.56 +146.67 +147.78 +148.89 +150.00 +151.11 +152.22 +153.33 +154.44 +155.56 +156.67 +157.78 +158.89 +160.00 +161.11

ºF

Reading in ºF or ºC to be converted

+669.2 +672.8 +676.4 +680.0 +683.6 +687.2 +690.8 +694.4 +698.0 +701.6 +705.2 +708.8 +712.4 +716.0 +719.6 +723.2 +726.8 +730.4 +734.0 +737.6 +741.2 +744.8 +748.4 +752.0 +755.6 +759.2 +762.8 +766.4 +770.0 +773.6 +777.2 +780.8 +784.4 +788.0 +791.6 +795.2 +798.8 +802.4 +806.0 +809.6 +813.2 +816.8 +820.4 +824.0 +827.6

+354 +356 +358 +360 +362 +364 +366 +368 +370 +372 +374 +376 +378 +380 +382 +384 +386 +388 +390 +392 +394 +396 +398 +400 +402 +404 +406 +408 +410 +412 +414 +416 +418 +420 +422 +424 +426 +428 +430 +432 +434 +436 +438 +440 +442

°F = 9/5 x °C + 32° °C = 5/9 (°F — 32°)

ºC +178.89 +180.00 +181.11 +182.22 +183.33 +184.44 +185.56 +186.67 +187.78 +188.89 +190.00 +191.11 +192.22 +193.33 +194.44 +195.56 +196.67 +197.78 +198.89 +200.00 +201.11 +202.22 +203.33 +204.44 +205.56 +206.67 +207.78 +208.89 +210.00 +211.11 +212.22 +213.33 +214.44 +215.56 +216.67 +217.78 +218.89 +220.00 +221.11 +222.22 +223.33 +224.44 +225.56 +226.67 +227.78

Page 63

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

CONVERSION OF PERCENT SALT IN SALT WATER TO PARTS PER MILLION Per Cent Salt

Parts per Million

Milligrams per Liter

½ 1 2

5,000 10,000 20,000

5,020 10,050 20,250

3 4 5

30,000 40,000 50,000

30,700 41,100 52,000

6 7 8

60,000 70,000 80,000

62,500 73,000 84,500

9 10 11

90,000 100,000 110,000

95,000 107,100 118,500

12 13 14

120,000 130,000 140,000

130,300 142,000 154,100

15 16 17

150,000 160,000 170,000

166,500 178,600 191,000

18 19 20

180,000 190,000 200,000

203,700 216,500 229,600

21 22 23

210,000 220,000 230,000

243,000 256,100 270,000

24 25 26

240,000 250,000 260,000

279,500 283,300 311,300

The parts per million column is true parts per million by weight of the salt solution. It is quite common for many laboratories, analyzing water samples, to report milligrams of salt per liter as parts per million. If it is known that an analysis is reported in this way, the milligram per liter column should be used in converting to percent salt rather than the parts per million column. At low concentrations the error of using the incorrect column is very small. At high concentrations the error is appreciable unless the correct column is used.

Page 64

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26

1.01 2.04 3.09 4.17 5.26 6.38 8.70 11.11 13.64 16.28 19.05 21.95 25.00 28.21 31.58 35.14

Density of Solution† Lbs./Gal. kg/m3 8.34 8.38 8.45 8.51 8.57 8.62 8.68 8.81 8.93 9.06 9.18 9.31 9.44 9.57 9.71 9.84 9.98

1998 1005 1013 1020 1027 1034 1041 1056 1071 1086 1101 1116 1132 1148 1164 1180 1197

Specific† Gravity @ 20º C

Lbs./Gal. of Water

0.998 1.005 1.013 1.020 1.027 1.034 1.041 1.056 1.071 1.086 1.101 1.116 1.132 1.148 1.164 1.180 1.197

0.08 0.17 0.26 0.35 0.44 0.53 0.73 0.93 1.14 1.36 1.59 1.83 2.09 2.35 2.63 2.93

* Precipitation @ –17ºC, 1.4ºF **Precipitation @ –2.3ºC, 27.9ºF † Density in kg/L and kg/dm3 is equal in numerical value to specific gravity.

Weight of Salt Lbs./Bbl. of Water 3.54 7.15 10.82 14.61 18.42 22.35 30.47 38.92 47.78 57.03 66.73 76.89 87.57 98.81 110.62 123.09

kg/m3 of Water

Yield of Solution

ºF

Freeze Point ºC

10.08 20.36 30.85 41.63 52.51 63.69 86.85 110.90 136.16 162.51 190.16 219.11 249.56 281.60 315.24 350.78

1.000 1.005 1.008 1.011 1.015 1.018 1.022 1.029 1.038 1.047 1.056 1.067 1.077 1.089 1.101 1.115 1.129

30.9 29.9 28.8 27.7 26.2 25.3 22.9 20.2 17.3 14.1 10.6 6.7 2.4 – 2.5 + 1.4* +27.9*

–10.6 –11.2 –11.8 –12.4 –13.0 –13.7 –15.1 –16.6 –18.2 –19.9 –11.9 –14.0 –16.5 –19.2 –17.0* –12.3*

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

Percent Sodium Chloride by Weight of of Solution Water

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS Percent Calcium Chloride by Wt. of by Wt. of Solution Water — 1.01 2.04 3.09 4.17 5.26 11.11 17.65 25.00 33.33 42.86 53.85 66.67

8.34 8.41 8.47 8.54 8.61 8.69 9.04 9.44 9.82 10.24 10.69 11.15 11.72

998 1008 1015 1024 1032 1042 1084 1132 1178 1228 1282 1337 1405

Specific* Gravity @ 20º C 0.998 1.008 1.015 1.024 1.032 1.042 1.084 1.132 1.178 1.228 1.282 1.337 1.405

— 0.08 0.17 0.26 0.35 0.44 0.93 1.47 2.09 2.78 3.57 4.49 5.56

— 3.54 7.15 10.82 14.61 18.42 38.92 61.74 87.57 116.76 149.94 188.58 233.52

— 10.08 20.36 30.85 41.63 52.51 110.90 176.19 249.56 332.71 427.84 537.55 665.52

Yield of Solution 1.000 1.002 1.004 1.006 1.008 1.012 1.024 1.040 1.060 1.090 1.114 1.151 1.186

Freeze Point ºF ºC 32. 31.1 30.2 29.7 28.4 27.7 22.3 13.5 –10.4 –20.6 –49.0 — —

0.0 –10.5 –11.0 –11.3 –12.0 –12.4 –15.4 –10.3 –18.0 –29.2 –45.0 — —

Page 65

* Density in kg/L and kg/dm3 is equal in numerical value to specific gravity.

Weight of Anhydrous Calcium Chloride Lbs./Gal. Lbs./Bbl. Kg/m3 of Water of Water of Water

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.2 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0

Density of Solution* Lbs./Gal. kg/m3

Page 66

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS Percent Potassium Chloride by Weight of Solution of Water

1.01 2.04 3.09 4.17 6.38 8.70 11.11 13.64 16.28 19.05 21.95 25.00 28.21 31.58 36.05

8.34 8.38 8.43 8.48 8.54 8.65 8.75 8.87 8.98 9.10 9.21 9.33 9.45 9.57 9.69 9.82

998 1005 1011 1017 1024 1037 1050 1063 1077 1091 1104 1119 1133 1147 1162 1178

Sp. Gr.† @ 20º C 0.998 1.005 1.011 1.017 1.024 1.037 1.050 1.063 1.077 1.091 1.104 1.119 1.113 1.147 1.162 1.178

Weight of Potassium Chloride Lbs./Gal. Lbs./Bbl. kg/m3 of Water of Water of Water — 0.08 0.17 0.26 0.35 0.53 0.73 0.93 1.14 1.36 1.59 1.83 2.09 2.35 2.63 3.01

* Precipitates † Density in kg/L and kg/dm3 is equal in numerical value to specific gravity.

— 3.54 7.15 10.82 14.61 22.35 30.47 38.92 47.78 57.03 66.73 76.89 87.57 98.81 110.62 126.28

kg of Pottassium per m3 of Water

kg of Chloride per m3 of Water

Freeze Point ºF ºC

—

—

—

—

—

10.08 20.36 30.85 41.63 63.69 86.85 110.90 136.16 162.51 190.16 219.11 249.56 281.60 315.24 359.86

5.27 10.6 16.0 21.5 32.6 44.0 55.8 67.8 80.0 92.6 105.4 118.8 132.1 146.3 163.7

4.78 9.6 14.5 19.5 29.6 39.8 50.5 61.4 72.5 84.0 95.5 107.8 119.8 132.6 148.5

31.2 30.3 29.5 28.7 27.0 25.2 23.3 21.4 19.3 17.4 14.9 15.0 32.6 52.0* 78.3*

–10.44 –10.94 –11.39 –11.83 –12.78 –13.78 –14.83 –15.89 –17.06 –18.11 –19.50 –19.44 10.33 11.11* 25.72*

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

0 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26.5

Density of Solution† Lbs./Gal. kg/m3

Page 67

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

API GRAVITY CONVERSION TABLE API Gravity 15% HCL 10 (Water) 12 15 18

Specific* Gravity

Density* Lbs./Gal. Kg/m3

Pressure Gradient PSI/Ft. kPa/m

1.0750 1.0000 .9861 .9659 .9465

8.962 8.337 8.221 8.053 7.891

1075.0 1000.0 986.1 965.9 946.5

.4654 .4330 .4270 .4182 .4098

10.547 9.807 9.670 9.472 9.282

20 22 24 26 28

.9340 .9218 .9100 .8984 .8871

7.787 7.685 7.587 7.490 7.396

934.0 921.8 910.0 898.4 887.1

.4044 .3991 .3940 .3890 .3841

9.159 9.044 8.924 8.810 8.700

30 31 32 33 34

.8762 .8708 .8654 .8602 .8550

7.305 7.260 7.215 7.171 7.128

876.2 870.8 865.4 860.2 855.0

.3794 .3771 .3747 .3725 .3702

8.592 8.539 8.487 8.436 8.385

35 36 37 38 39

.8498 .8448 .8398 .8348 .8299

7.085 7.043 7.001 6.960 6.919

849.8 844.8 839.8 834.8 829.9

.3680 .3658 .3638 .3615 .3593

8.334 8.284 8.235 8.187 8.139

40 41 42 (Diesel) 43 44

.8251 .8203 .8156 .8109 .8063

6.879 6.839 6.800 6.760 6.722

825.1 820.3 815.6 810.9 806.3

.3573 .3552 .3532 .3511 .3491

8.091 8.044 7.998 7.952 7.907

46 48 50 55 60

.7972 .7883 .7796 .7587 .7389

6.646 6.572 6.500 6.325 6.160

797.2 788.3 779.6 758.7 738.9

.3452 .3413 .3376 .3285 .3200

7.818 7.731 7.645 7.440 7.246

*Density in kg/L and kg/dm3 are equal in value to specific gravity. 141.5 Sp gr @ 60°F = 131.5 + API Gravity API Gravity =

141.5 - 131.5 Sp gr @ 60°F

Page 68

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

DETERMINE THE API GRAVITY OF AN OIL Use the API Hydrometer and obtain the gravity of the oil. At the same time obtain the temperature of the oil. The gravity should be reported in API* at 60ºF. If the temperature of the oil is not 60ºF., a correction must be made. If the oil is above 60ºF., the correction is (–) minus. If the oil is below 60ºF., the correction is (+) plus. The correction is 1º API for every 10ºF. over or under 60ºF. (15.56ºC.)* Example: Temperature above 60ºF. Observed API Gravity = 35.2º API Observed Temperature = 77ºF. Correction is (–) minus 77-60 temperature is above 60ºF. = = 1.7 Correction 10 The API Gravity corrected to 60ºF., is: 35.2 – 1.7 = 33.5º API @ 60ºF. Temperature below 60ºF. Observed API Gravity = 38.3º API Observed Temperature = 51.0ºF. Correction is (+) plus as 60-51 temperature is below 60ºF., = = 0.9 Correction 10 The API Gravity corrected to 60ºF., is: 38.3 + 0.9 = 39.2º API @ 60ºF.

* Must convert Celsius (°C) to Fahrenheit (F°) for this correction. See Section 240, pages 9, 10 and 11 for temperature conversions.

Page 69

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

STANDARDS FOR METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS The following conversion factors are those published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in E380-76. These same units may be found in literature published by all U.S. Technical Societies, i.e., API Bulletin 2563, American National Standards Institute ANSIZ 210.1, Society of Petroleum Engineers, The Canadian Petroleum Association (CPA) and others. The metric units and conversion factors adopted by the ASTM are based on the “International System of Units” (designated SI for Systeme International d'Unites), fixed by the International Committee for Weights and Measures. This system has been adopted by the International Organization for Standardization in ISO Recommendation R-31. Conversion factors herein are written as a number equal to or greater than one and less than ten with six or less decimal places. This number is followed by the letter E (for exponent), a plus or minus symbol, and two digits which indicate the power of 10 by which the number must be multiplied to obtain the correct value. For example: (1) 3.523 907 E–02 is 3.523 907 x 10–2 or 0.035 239 07 (2) 3.386 389 E+03 is 3.386 389 x 103 or 3 387.389 (3) Further examples of conversion are: To convert from: To multiply by: pound-force per square foot Pa 4.788 026 E+01 inch m 2.540 000 E–0 1 lbf/ft2 = 47.880 26 Pa 1 inch = 0.0254 m (exactly)

3.048 000 *E–01 9.806 650 *E+00 1.000 000 *E–02 2.540 000 *E–02 1.745 329 *E–02 2.908 882 *E–04 4.848 137 *E=06 4.046 873 *E+03 1.000 000 *E+02 1.000 000 *E–28 5.067 075 *E–10 9.290 304 *E–02 1.000 000 *E+04 6.451 600 *E–04 2.589 988 *E+06 2.589 988 *E+06 (see footnote 1) (see footnote 1) 8.361 274 *E–01

............................................. ............................................. ............................................. .............................................

ACCELERATION meter per second 2 (m/s2) meter per second 2 (m/s2) meter per second 2 (m/s2) meter per second 2 (m/s2)

ANGLE radian (rad) ................................................................... radian (rad) ........................................... ........................ radian (rad) ........................................... ........................ AREA (m2) ................................................................... (m2) ................................................................... (m2) ................................................................... (m2) ................................................................... (m2) ................................................................... (m2) ................................................................... (m2) ................................................................... (m2) ................................................................... (m2) ................................................................... (m2) ................................................................... (m2) ................................................................... (m2) ...................................................................

ft/s 2 .......................................................................... free fall, standard (g) ............................................... gal ............................................................................ in/s2 ..........................................................................

degree (angle) .......................................................... minute (angle) .......................................................... second (angle) ..........................................................

acre (U.S. survey)1 ................................................. are ............................................................................ barn .......................................................................... circular mil ................................................................ ft 2 ............................................................................. hectar ....................................................................... in2 ............................................................................. mi2 (international) .................................................... mi2 (U.S. survey)1 .................................................. section ..................................................................... township ................................................................... yd 2 ............................................................................

meter2 meter 2 meter 2 meter2 meter 2 meter 2 meter 2 meter2 meter2 meter2 meter2 meter 2

Multiply by

To

To convert from

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS

Page 70

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS To convert from

To

Multiply by 1.000 000 *E–07 9.806 650 *E+00 7.061 552 *E–03 1.129 848 *E–01 1.355 818 *E+00

BENDING MOMENT OR TORQUE PER UNTIT LENGTH lbf • ft/in .................................................................................... newton meter per meter (N•m/m) .................................................... lbf • ft/in .................................................................................... newton meter per meter (N•m/m) ....................................................

5.337 866 *E+01 4.448 222 *E+00

CAPACITY (See Volume) DENSITY (See Mass Per Unit Volume)

ESU means electrostatic cgs unit. EMU means electromagnetic cgs unit.

8

1.000 000 *E+01 1.000 000 *E+01 1.000 000 *E+09 1.000 000 *E–09 1.000 000 *E–09 1.000 000 *E–09 1.000 000 *E–08 3.600 000 *E+03 1.000 000 *E+09 1.000 000 *E+01 1.000 000 *E–08

Page 71

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM8 abampere ................................................................................. ampere (A) .................................................................................... abcoulomb ................................................................................ coulomb (C) .................................................................................. abfarad ..................................................................................... farad (F) ........................................................................................ abhenry .................................................................................... henry (H) ....................................................................................... abmho ...................................................................................... siemens (S) ................................................................................... abohm ...................................................................................... ohm (Ω) ......................................................................................... abvolt ....................................................................................... volt (V) .......................................................................................... ampere hour ............................................................................. coulomb (C) .................................................................................. EMU of capacitance ................................................................. farad (F) ........................................................................................ EMU of current ........................................................................ ampere (A) .................................................................................... EMU of electric potential .......................................................... volt (V) ..........................................................................................

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

BENDING MOMENT OR TORQUE dyne • cm ................................................................................. newton meter (N•m) ....................................................................... kgf • m ..................................................................................... newton meter (N•m) ....................................................................... ozf • in ..................................................................................... newton meter (N•m) ....................................................................... lbf • in ...................................................................................... newton meter (N•m) ....................................................................... lbf • in ...................................................................................... newton meter (N•m) .......................................................................

Page 72

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS To convert from

To

Multiply by 1.000 000 *E–09 1.000 000 *E–09 1.112 650 *E–12 3.335 650 *E–10 2.997 950 *E+12 8.987 554 *E+11 8.987 554 *E+11 9.648 700 *E+04 9.649 570 *E+04 9.652 190 *E+04 1.000 000 *E–09 1.000 000 *E–04 7.957 747 *E–01 1.000 000 *E–08 1.000 000 *E+00 7.957 747 *E+01 1.000 000 *E–02 1.662 426 *E–03 3.335 640 *E–10 3.335 640 *E–10 1.112 650 *E–12 8.987 554 *E+11 1.112 650 *E–12 8.987 554 *E+11 2.997 925 *E+02 1.256 637 *E–07

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM8 (Cont'd) EMU of inductance .................................................................... henry (H) ....................................................................................... EMU of resistance .................................................................... ohm (Ω) ......................................................................................... ESU of capacitance ................................................................... farad (F) ........................................................................................ ESU of current .......................................................................... ampere (A) .................................................................................... ESU of electric potential ............................................................ volt (V) .......................................................................................... ESU of inductance ..................................................................... henry (H) ....................................................................................... ESU of resistance ..................................................................... ohm (Ω) ......................................................................................... faraday (based on carbon-12) .................................................... coulomb (C) .................................................................................. faraday (chemical) ..................................................................... coulomb (C) .................................................................................. faraday (physical) ...................................................................... coulomb (C) .................................................................................. gamma ...................................................................................... tesla (T) ........................................................................................ gauss ....................................................................................... tesla (T) ........................................................................................ gilbert ....................................................................................... ampere (A) .................................................................................... maxwell ..................................................................................... weber (Wb) .................................................................................... mho ........................................................................................... siemens (S) ................................................................................... oersted ...................................................................................... ampere per meter (A/m) ................................................................. ohm centimeter .......................................................................... ohm meter (Ω m) ............................................................................ ohm circular-mil per foot ............................................................ ohm millimeter2 per meter (Ω mm2/m) ............................................ statampere ................................................................................ ampere (A) .................................................................................... statcoulomb ............................................................................... coulomb (C) .................................................................................. statfarad .................................................................................... farad (F) ........................................................................................ stathenry ................................................................................... henry (H) ....................................................................................... statmho ..................................................................................... siemens (S) ................................................................................... statohm ..................................................................................... ohm (Ω) ......................................................................................... statvolt ...................................................................................... volvt (V) ......................................................................................... unit pole .................................................................................... weber (Wb) ....................................................................................

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS Multiply by

British thermal unit (International Table)3 .................................. British thermal unit (mean) ....................................................... British thermal unit (thermochemical) ........................................ British thermal unit (39ºF) ........................................................ British thermal unit (59ºF) ........................................................ British thermal unit (60ºF) ........................................................ calorie (International Table) ...................................................... calorie (mean) .......................................................................... calorie (thermochemical) .......................................................... calorie (15ºC) .......................................................................... calorie (20ºC) .......................................................................... calorie (kilogram, International Table) ....................................... calorie (kilogram, mean) ........................................................... calorie (kilogram, thermochemical) ........................................... electrovolt ................................................................................ erg .......................................................................................... ft • lbf ....................................................................................... ft • poundal ............................................................................... kilocalorie (International Table) ................................................. kilocalorie (mean) ..................................................................... kilocalorie (thermochemical) ..................................................... kW • h ...................................................................................... therm ....................................................................................... ton (nuclear equivalent of TNT) ................................................ W • h ........................................................................................ W • s ........................................................................................

ENERGY (Includes Work) joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) ......................................................................................... joule (J) .........................................................................................

1.055 056 *E+03 1.055 876 *E+03 1.054 350 *E+03 1.059 670 *E+03 1.054 800 *E+03 1.054 680 *E+03 4.186 800 *E+00 4.190 020 *E+00 4.184 000 *E+00 4.185 800 *E+00 4.181 900 *E+00 4.186 800 *E+03 4.190 020 *E+03 4.184 000 *E+03 1.602 190 *E–19 1.000 000 *E–07 1.355 818 *E+00 4.214 011 *E–02 4.186 800 *E+03 4.190 020 *E+03 4.184 000 *E+03 3.600 000 *E+06 1.055 056 *E+08 4.184 020 *E+0920 3.600 000 *E+03 1.000 000 *E+00

Page 73

To

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

To convert from

Page 74

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS To convert from

To

Multiply by 1.134 893 *E+04 1.891 489 *E+02 3.152 481 *E+00 1.634 246 *E+06 6.973 333 *E+02 1.000 000 *E+03 1.000 000 *E+03 1.550 003 *E+03

FLOW (See Mass Per Unit Time or Volume Per Unit Time) dyne ......................................................................................... kilogram-force .......................................................................... kilopond .................................................................................... kip (1000lbf) ............................................................................. ounce-force .............................................................................. pound-force (lbf)7 ..................................................................... lbf/lb (thrust/weight (mass) ratio) .............................................. poundal .................................................................................... ton-force (2000 lbf) ...................................................................

FORCE newton (N) .................................................................................... newton (N) .................................................................................... newton (N) .................................................................................... newton (N) .................................................................................... newton (N) .................................................................................... newton (N) .................................................................................... newton per kilogram (N/kg) ............................................................ newton (N) .................................................................................... newton (N) ....................................................................................

1.000 000 *E–05 9.806 650 *E+00 9.806 650 *E+00 4.448 222 *E+03 2.780 139 *E–01 4.448 222 *E+00 9.806 650 *E+00 1.382 550 *E–01 8.896 444 *E+03

FORCE PER UNIT AREA (See Pressure) lbf/ft .......................................................................................... lbf/in .........................................................................................

FORCE PER UNIT LENGTH newton per meter (N/m) ................................................................. newton per meter (N/m) .................................................................

1.459 390 *E+01 1.751 268 *E+02

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

ENERGY PER UNIT AREA TIME Btu (thermochemical)/ft2•s ........................................................ watt per meter2 (W/m2) ................................................................... Btu (thermochemical)/ft2•min .................................................... watt per meter2 (W/m2) ................................................................... Btu (thermochemical)/ft2•h ........................................................ watt per meter2 (W/m2) ................................................................... Btu (thermochemical)/in2•s ....................................................... watt per meter2 (W/m2) ................................................................... 2 watt per meter2 (W/m2) ................................................................... cal (thermochemical)/cm •min .................................................. erg/(cm2•s) .............................................................................. watt per meter2 (W/m2) ................................................................... 2 W/cm ...................................................................................................................................................... watt per meter2 (W/m2) ................................................................... 2 W/in ......................................................................................................................................................... watt per meter2 (W/m2) ..................................................................

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS To convert from

Multiply by HEAT

watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................

1.730 735 *E+00

watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................

1.729 577 *E+00

watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................

1.442 279 *E–01 1.441 314 *E–01

watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................

5.192 204 *E+02

watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) ....................................................... joule per meter2 (J/m2) ................................................................... joule per meter2 (J/m2) ...................................................................

5.188 732 *E+02 1.135 653 *E+04 1.134 893 *E+04

watt per meter2 kelvin (W/m2 • K) ....................................................

5.678 263 *E+00

watt per meter2 kelvin (W/m2 • K) .................................................... watt per meter2 kelvin (W/m2 • K) .................................................... watt per meter2 kelvin (W/m2 • K) .................................................... joule per kilogram (J/kg) ................................................................ watt per kilogram (J/kg) ................................................................. joule per kilogram kelvin (J/kg • K) ................................................. joule per kilogram kelvin (J/kg • K) ................................................. watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) ....................................................... joule per meter2 (J/m2) ................................................................... watt per meter2 (W/m2) ................................................................... watt per meter2 (W/m2) ................................................................... joule per kilogram (J/kg) ................................................................ joule per kilogram (J/kg) ................................................................

5.674 466 *E+00 2.044 175 *E+04 2.042 808 *E+04 2.326 000 *E+03 2.324 444 *E+03 4.186 800 *E+03 4.184 000 *E+03 4.184 000 *E+02 4.184 000 *E+04 6.973 333 *E+02 4.184 000 *E+04 4.186 800 *E+03 4.186 000 *E+03

Page 75

watt per meter kelvin (W/m • K) .......................................................

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

Btu (International Table) •ft/h • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal conductivity) ....................................................................... Btu (thermochemical) •ft/h • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal conductivity) ....................................................................... Btu (International Table) •in/h • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal conductivity) ....................................................................... Btu (thermochemical) •in/h • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal conductivity) ....................................................................... Btu (International Table) •in/s • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal conductivity) ....................................................................... Btu (thermochemical) •in/s • ft2 • ºF (k, thermal conductivity) ....................................................................... Btu (International Table) ft2 ................................................................................................. Btu (thermochemical)/ft2 ....................................................................................................... Btu (International Table) •h • ft2 • ºF (C, thermal conductance) ...................................................................... Btu (thermochemical)/h • ft2 • ºF (C, thermal conductance) ...................................................................... Btu (International Table)/s • ft2 • ºF ............................................ Btu (thermochemical)/s • ft2 • ºF ............................................... Btu (International Table)/lb ........................................................ Btu (thermochemical)/lb ............................................................ Btu (International Table)/lb • ºF (c, heat capacity) ...................... Btu (thermochemical)/lb • ºF (c, heat capacity) .......................... cal (thermochemical)/cm • s • ºC .............................................. cal (thermochemical)/cm2 .................................................................................................... cal (thermochemical)/cm2 • min ................................................ cal (thermochemical)/cm2 • s .................................................... cal (International Table)/g ......................................................... cal (thermochemical)/g ............................................................

To

Page 76

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS To

Multiply by

cal (International Table)/g • ºC .................................................. cal (thermochemical)/g • ºC ..................................................... cal (thermochemical)/min ......................................................... cal (thermochemical)/s ............................................................. clo .......................................................................................... ºF • h • ft2/Btu (International Table) (R, thermal resistance) ....... ºF • h • ft2/Btu (thermochemical) (R, thermal resistance) ........... ft2/hl (thermal diffusivity) ............................................................

HEAT (Cont'd) joule per kilogram kelvin (J/kg • K) ................................................. joule per kilogram kelvin (J/kg • K) ................................................. watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... kelvin meter2 per watt (K • m2/W) .................................................... kelvin meter2 per watt (K • m2/W) .................................................... kelvin meter2 per watt (K • m2/W) .................................................... meter2 per second (m2/s) ...............................................................

4.186 800 *E+03 4.184 000 *E+03 6.973 333 *E–02 4.184 000 *E+00 2.003 712 *E–01 1.761 102 *E–01 1.762 280 *E–01 2.580 640 *E–05

angstrom ................................................................................. astronomical unit2 .................................................................................................................. caliber (inch) ........................................................................... fathom ...................................................................................... fermi (femtometer) .................................................................... foot .......................................................................................... foot (U.S. survey)2 .................................................................................................................. inch .......................................................................................... league ..................................................................................... light year .................................................................................. microinch ................................................................................. micron ..................................................................................... mil .......................................................................................... mile (international nautical ........................................................ mile (U.K. nautical) .................................................................. mile (U.S. nautical) .................................................................. mile (international) ................................................................... mile (statute) ............................................................................

LENGTH meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ......................................................................................

1.000 000 *E–10 1.495 979 *E+10 2.540 000 *E–02 1.828 879 *E+00 1.000 000 *E–15 3.048 000 *E–01 3.048 006 *E–01 2.540 000 *E–02 (see footnote 1) 9.460 550 *E+15 2.540 000 *E–08 1.000 000 *E–06 2.540 000 *E–05 1.852 000 *E+03 1.853 184 *E+03 1.852 000 *E+03 1.609 344 *E+03 1.609 384 *E+03

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

To convert from

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS Multiply by

mile (U.S. survey)1 ................................................................................................................ parsec13 .......................................................................................................................................... pica (printer’s) ......................................................................... point (printer’s) ........................................................................ rod ........................................................................................... yard ..........................................................................................

LENGTH (Cont’d) meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ...................................................................................... meter (m) ......................................................................................

1.609 347 *E+03 3.085 678 *E+16 4.217 518 *E–03 3.514 598 *E–04 (see footnote 1) 9.144 000 *E–01

footcandle ................................................................................ footlambert ............................................................................... lambert .....................................................................................

LIGHT lux (lx) ........................................................................................... candela per meter2 (cd/m2) ............................................................ candela per meter2 (cd/m2) ............................................................

1.076 391 *E+01 3.426 259 *E+00 3.183 099 *E+03

carat (metric) ........................................................................... grain ........................................................................................ gram ........................................................................................ hundredweight (long) ............................................................... hundredweight (short) .............................................................. kgf • s2/m (mass) ...................................................................... ounce (avoirdupois) .................................................................. ounce (troy or apothecary) ........................................................ pennyweight ............................................................................. pound (lb avoirdupois)6 ...................................................................................................... pound (troy or apotheary) .......................................................... slug ......................................................................................... ton (assay) ............................................................................... ton (long, 2240 lb) .................................................................... ton (metric) .............................................................................. ton (short, 2000 lb) ................................................................... tonne ........................................................................................

MASS kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) ................................................................................. kilogram (kg) .................................................................................

2.000 000 *E–04 6.479 891 *E–05 1.000 000 *E–03 5.080 235 *E+01 4.535 924 *E+01 9.806 659 *E+00 2.834 952 *E–02 3.110 348 *E–02 1.555 174 *E–03 4.535 924 *E–01 3.732 417 *E–01 1.459 390 *E+01 2.916 667 *E–02 1.016 047 *E+03 1.000 000 *E+03 9.071 847 *E+02 1.000 000 *E+03

Page 77

To

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

To convert from

Page 78

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS To convert from

To

Multiply by 3.051 517 *E–01 3.390 575 *E–02 4.882 428 *E+00

MASS PER UNIT CAPACITY (See Mass Per Unit Volume) denier ...................................................................................... lb/ft .......................................................................................... lb/in .......................................................................................... tex ............................................................................................

MASS PER UNIT LENGTH kilogram per meter (kg/m) .............................................................. kilogram per meter (kg/m) .............................................................. kilogram per meter (kg/m) .............................................................. kilogram per meter (kg/m) ..............................................................

1.111 111 *E–07 1.488 164 *E+00 1.785 797 *E+01 1.000 000 *E–06

perm (0º C) .............................................................................. perm (23º C) ............................................................................ perm • in (0º C) ........................................................................ perm • (23º C) .......................................................................... lb/h .......................................................................................... lb/min ....................................................................................... lb/s .......................................................................................... lb/hp • h (SFC, specific fuel consumption .................................. ton (short)/h .............................................................................

MASS PER UNIT TIME (Includes Flow) kilogram per pacsal second meter2 (kg/Pa • s • m2) ........................ kilogram per pacsal second meter2 (kg/ Pa • s • m2) ...................... kilogram per pacsal second meter (kg/ Pa • s • m) .......................... kilogram per pacsal second meter (kg/ Pa • s • m) .......................... kilogram per second (kg/s) ............................................................ kilogram per second (kg/s) ............................................................ kilogram per second (kg/s) ............................................................ kilogram per joule (kg/J) ................................................................ kilogram per second (kg/s) ............................................................

5.721 350 *E–07 5.745 250 *E–11 1.453 220 *E–12 1.459 290 *E–12 1.259 290 *E–12 7.559 873 *E–03 4.535 924 *E–01 1.689 659 *E–07 2.519 958 *E–01

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

oz/ft2 ........................................................................................ oz/yd2 ...................................................................................... lb/ft2 .........................................................................................

MASS PER UNIT AREA kilogram per meter2 (kg/m2) ........................................................... kilogram per meter2 (kg/m2) ........................................................... kilogram per meter 2 (kg/m2) ...........................................................

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS To convert from

To

Multiply by

POWER watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) .........................................................................................

2.930 711 *E–01 1.055 056 *E+03 2.928 751 *E–01 1.757 250 *E+01 1.054 350 *E+03 6.973 333 *E–02 4.184 000 *E+00 1.000 000 *E–07 3.766 161 *E–04 2.259 697 *E–02 1.355 818 *E+00 7.456 999 *E+02 9.809 500 *E+03 7.460 000 *E+02

Btu (International Table)/h ......................................................... Btu (International Table)/s ......................................................... Btu (thermochemical)/h ............................................................ Btu (thermochemical)/min ......................................................... Btu (thermochemical)/s ............................................................ cal (thermochemical)/min ......................................................... cal (thermochemical)/s ............................................................. erg/s ........................................................................................ ft • lbf/h ..................................................................................... ft • lbf/min ................................................................................. ft • lbf/s ..................................................................................... horsepower (550 ft • lbf/s) ......................................................... horsepower (boiler) .................................................................. horsepower (electric) ...............................................................

Page 79

1.711 806 *E–02 1.000 000 *E+03 6.236 021 *E+00 7.489 152 *E+00 1.729 994 *E+03 1.601 846 *E+01 2.767 990 *E+04 9.977 633 *E+01 1.198 264 *E+02 5.932 764 *E–01 5.153 788 *E+02 1.328 939 *E+03 1.186 553 *E+03

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

MASS PER UNIT VOLUME (Includes Desnity and Mass Capacity) grain (lb avoirdupois/7000)/gal (U.S. liquid) ............................. kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... g/cm3 ................................................................................................................................................ kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... oz (avoirdupois)/gal (U.K. liquid) ............................................. kilogram per meter 3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... oz (avoirdupois)/gal (U.S. liquid) ............................................. kilogram per meter 3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... oz (avoirdupois)/in3 ............................................................................................................... kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... lb/ft3 .................................................................................................................................................... kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... 3 kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... lb/in ................................................................................................................................................... lb/gal (U.K. liquid) ................................................................... kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... lb/gal (U.S. liquid) ................................................................... kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... lb/yd3 .................................................................................................................................................. kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... slug/ft3 ............................................................................................................................................. kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... 3 kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ........................................................... ton (long)/yd .............................................................................................................................. ton (short)/yd3 ............................................................................................................................ kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3) ...........................................................

Page 80

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS To

Multiply by

horsepower (metric) ................................................................. horsepower (water) .................................................................. horsepower (U.K.) .................................................................... kilocalorie (thermochemical)/min .............................................. kilocalorie (thermochemical)/s .................................................. ton (refrigeration) .....................................................................

POWER (Cont’d) watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) ......................................................................................... watt (W) .........................................................................................

7.354 999 *E+02 7.460 430 *E+02 7.457 000 *E+02 6.973 333 *E+01 4.184 000 *E+03 3.516 800 *E+03

atmosphere (standard) ............................................................. atmosphere (technical = 1 kgf/cm2) ........................................... bar ........................................................................................... centimeter of mercury (º C) ....................................................... centimeter of water (4º C) ......................................................... dyne/cm2 ......................................................................................................................................... foot of water (39.2º F) ............................................................... gram-force/cm2 ........................................................................................................................ inch of mercury (32º F) ............................................................. inch of mercury (60º F) ............................................................. inch of water (39.2º F) .............................................................. inch of water (60º F) ................................................................. kgf/cm2 ............................................................................................................................................. kgf/m2 ................................................................................................................................................ kgf/mm2 ........................................................................................................................................... kip/in2 (ksi) ............................................................................... millibar ..................................................................................... millimeter of mercury (0º C) ...................................................... poundal/ft2 ..................................................................................................................................... lbf/ft2 ...................................................................................................................................................

PRESSURE OR STRESS (Force Per Unit Area) pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................

1.013 250 *E+05 9.806 650 *E+04 1.000 000 *E+05 1.333 222 *E+03 9.806 382 *E+01 1.000 000 *E–01 2.988 982 *E+03 9.806 650 *E+01 3.386 382 *E+03 3.376 852 *E+03 2.490 822 *E+02 2.488 422 *E+02 9.806 650 *E+04 9.806 650 *E+00 9.806 650 *E+06 6.894 757 *E+06 1.000 000 *E+02 1.333 227 *E+02 1.488 164 *E+00 4.788 026 *E+01

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

To convert from

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS To convert from

To

Multiply by

PRESSURE OR STRESS (Cont’d) lbf/in2 (psi) ............................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... psi ........................................................................................... pascal (Pa) .................................................................................... torr (mm Hg, 0º C) ................................................................... pascal (Pa) ....................................................................................

6.894 757 *E+03 6.894 757 *E+03 1.333 227 *E+02

STRESS (See Pressure) TEMPERATURE kelvin (K) ....................................................................................... degree Celsius .............................................................................. kelvin (K) ....................................................................................... kelvin (K) ....................................................................................... degree Celsium .............................................................................

tK = toC + 273.15 toC = (toF – 32)/1.8 tK = (toF – 459.67)/1.8 tK = toR/1.8 toc = tK – 273.15

day (mean solar) ...................................................................... day (sidereal) ........................................................................... hour (mean solar) ..................................................................... day (sidereal) ........................................................................... minute (mean solar) ................................................................. minute (sidereal) ...................................................................... month (mean calendar) ............................................................. second (sidereal) ..................................................................... year (365 days) ......................................................................... year (sidereal ........................................................................... year (tropical) ...........................................................................

TIME second (s) ..................................................................................... second (s) ..................................................................................... second (s) ..................................................................................... second (s) ..................................................................................... second (s) ..................................................................................... second (s) ..................................................................................... second (s) ..................................................................................... second (s) ..................................................................................... second (s) ..................................................................................... second (s) ..................................................................................... second (s) .....................................................................................

8.640 000 *E+04 8.616 409 *E+04 3.600 000 *E+03 3.590 170 *E+03 6.000 000 *E+01 5.983 617 *E+01 2.628 000 *E+06 9.972 696 *E–01 3.153 600 *E+07 3.155 815 *E+07 3.155 693 *E+07

Page 81

degree Celsius ........................................................................ degree Fahrenheit .................................................................... degree Fahrenheit .................................................................... degree Rankine ........................................................................ kelvin ........................................................................................

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

SPEED (See Velocity)

Page 82

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS To convert from

To

Multiply by

TORQUE (See Bending Moment)

centipoise ................................................................................ centistokes ............................................................................... ft2/s .......................................................................................... poise ........................................................................................ poundal • s/ft2 ............................................................................................................................. lb/ft • h ..................................................................................... lb/ft • s ..................................................................................... lb/ft • h2 ............................................................................................................................................ lbf • in2 ............................................................................................................................................. rhe ........................................................................................... slug/ft • s ................................................................................. stokes ...................................................................................... * Although speedometers may read km/h, the correct SI unit is m/s.

VELOCITY (Includes Speed) meter per second (m/s) .................................................................. meter per second (m/s) .................................................................. meter per second (m/s) .................................................................. meter per second (m/s) .................................................................. meter per second (m/s) .................................................................. meter per second (m/s) .................................................................. meter per second (m/s) .................................................................. meter per second (m/s) .................................................................. meter per second (m/s) .................................................................. kilometer per hour (km/h)* ..............................................................

8.466 667 *E–05 5.080 000 *E–03 3.048 000 *E–01 2.540 000 *E–02 2.777 778 *E–01 5.144 444 *E–01 4.470 400 *E–01 2.682 240 *E+01 1.609 344 *E+03 1.609 344 *E+00

VISCOSITY pascal second (Pa • s) ................................................................... meter2 per second (m2/s) ............................................................... meter2 per second (m2/s) ............................................................... pascal second (Pa • s) ................................................................... pascal second (Pa • s) ................................................................... pascal second (Pa • s) ................................................................... pascal second (Pa • s) ................................................................... pascal second (Pa • s) ................................................................... pascal second (Pa • s) ................................................................... 1 per pascal second (1/Pa • s) ....................................................... pascal second (Pa • s) ................................................................... meter2 per second (m2/s) ...............................................................

1.000 000 *E–03 1.000 000 *E–06 9.290 304 *E–02 1.000 000 *E–01 1.488 164 *E+00 4.133 789 *E–04 1.488 164 *E+00 4.788 026 *E–01 6.894 757 *E+03 1.000 000 *E+01 4.788 026 *E+01 1.000 000 *E–04

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

ft/h ........................................................................................... ft/min ........................................................................................ ft/s ........................................................................................... in/s .......................................................................................... km/h ......................................................................................... knot (international) .................................................................... mi/h (international) ................................................................... mi/min (international) ................................................................ mi/s (international) ................................................................... mi/h (international) ...................................................................

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS Multiply by

acre-foot (U.S. survey)1 .................................................................................................... barrel (oil, 42 gal) .................................................................... board foot ................................................................................. bushel (U.S.) ........................................................................... cup .......................................................................................... fluid ounce (U.S.) ..................................................................... ft3 .......................................................................................................................................................... gallon (Canadian liquid) ........................................................... gallon (U.K. liquid) .................................................................. gallon (U.S. dry) ...................................................................... gallon (U.S. liquid) .................................................................. gill (U.K.) ................................................................................ gill (U.S.) ................................................................................ in3 (U.K.) ................................................................................. litre (see footnote 5) ................................................................. ounce (U.K. fluid) ..................................................................... ounce (U.S. fluid) ..................................................................... peck (U.S.) ............................................................................... pint (U.S. dry) ........................................................................... pint (U.S. liquid) ...................................................................... quart (U.S. dry) ........................................................................ quart (U.S. liquid) .................................................................... stere ........................................................................................ tablespoon ................................................................................ teaspoon .................................................................................. ton (register) ........................................................................... yd3 ........................................................................................................................................................

VOLUME (Includes Capacity) meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter 3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter 3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter 3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) .................................................................................... meter3 (m3) ....................................................................................

1.233 489 *E+03 1.589 873 *E–01 2.359 737 *E–03 3.523 907 *E–02 2.365 882 *E–04 2.957 353 *E–05 2.831 685 *E–02 4.546 090 *E–03 4.546 092 *E–03 4.404 884 *E–03 3.785 412 *E–03 1.420 654 *E–04 1.182 941 *E–04 1.638 706 *E–05 1.000 000 *E–03 2.841 307 *E–05 2.957 353 *E–05 8.809 768 *E–03 5.506 105 *E–04 4.731 765 *E–04 1.101 221 *E–03 9.463 529 *E–04 1.000 000 *E+00 1.478 676 *E–05 4.928 922 *E–06 2.831 685 *E+00 7.645 549 *E–01

Page 83

To

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

To convert from

Page 84

CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS To convert from

To

Multiply by

4.719 474 *E–04 2.831 685 *E–02 1.410 089 *E–09 2.731 177 *E–07 1.274 258 *E–02 4.381 264 *E–08 6.309 020 *E–05

WORK (See Energy)

(1) “Units and Systems of Weights and Meausres. Their Origin, Development, and Present Status,” NBS Letter Circ, LC 1035, January 1960, amended January 1976. (2) “NBS Guidelines for Use of the Metric System,” NBS LC 1056, August 1975. (3) Chart–“The Modernized Metric System” NBS Spec. Publ. 304, 1972. (4) Mechtly, E A, “The International System of Units–Physical Constants and Conversion Factors,” National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Publication SP-7012. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

(5) McNish, A G, “The International System of Units,” Materials Research and Standards, Am, Soc, Testing Mats., Vol. 5, No. 10, October 1965. (6) “Changing to the Metric System, Conversion Factors, Symbols, Definitions,” Nat. Physical Lab., Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, England, 1965. (7) Metric Standards for Engineering, British Standard Handbook No. 18 (1972). (8) Hvistendahl, H S, Engineering Units and Physical Quantities, Macmillan and Co. Ltd., London, 1964.

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

VOLUME PER UNIT TIME (Includes Flow) meter3 per second (m3/s) ............................................................... ft3/min ...................................................................................... ft3/s .......................................................................................... meter3 per second (m3/s) ............................................................... gallon (U.S. liquid)/hp • h (SFC, specific fuel consumption ....... meter3 per joule (m3/J) .................................................................. 3 in /min ..................................................................................... meter3 per second (m3/s) ............................................................... yd3/min ..................................................................................... meter3 per second (m3/s) ............................................................... gallon (U.S. liquid) per day ....................................................... meter3 per second (m3/s) ............................................................... gallon (U.S. liquid) per minute .................................................. meter3 per second (m3/s) ...............................................................

Page 85

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

CONVERSION CONSTANTS MULTIPLY

BY

AND OBTAIN

Barrels Barrels Barrels Cu. Ft. Cu. Ft.

x x x x x

5.6146 9702 42.0 1728 0.037037

= = = = =

Cu. Ft. Cu. In. Gal. Cu. In. Cu. Yd.

Cu. Ft. Cu. Ft. Cu. Ft./Min. Cu. Ft./Min. Cu. Ft.–Water

x x x x x

7.4805 0.1781 0.1781 10.686 62.31*

= = = = =

Gal. Bbls. (42 Gal.) Bbls./Min. Bbls./Hr. Pounds

Cu. In. Cu. In. Cu. In. Cu. Yd. Cu. Yd.

x x x x x

0.0005787 0.004329 0.0001031 27.0 201.977

= = = = =

Cu. Ft. Gal. Bbls. Cu. Ft. Gal.

Gal.–Water Gal. Gals./Lb. Lbs./Gal. Specific Gravity Specific Gravity

x x x x x x

8.33* 0.13368 8.345 0.119839 62.42 8.345

= = = = = =

Pounds Cu. Ft. Litres/Kg. Kg./Litres Lbs./Cu. Ft. Lbs./Gal.

Feet

x

0.3048

Feet Feet Inch Inch Miles

x x x x x

Miles/Hr. Sq. In. Sq. Ft. Pounds–Water Pounds–Water

x x x x x

Horsepower Horsepower Square of Dia.

x 33000 x 550 x 0.7854

3.048 30.48 2.54 25.4 5280

*Water at 20ºC, (68ºF.) **Water at 4°C. (39.2°F.)

1.4666 0.006944 144 0.12005* 0.016048*

=

Metres

= = = = =

Decimeters Centimeters Centimeters Millimeters Feet

= = = = =

Ft./Sec. Sq. Ft. Sq. In. Gal.–Water Cu. Ft. Water

= = =

Ft. Lbs./Min. Ft. Lbs./Sec. Area of Circle

Page 86

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

FRACTIONAL INCHES TO: DECIMAL INCHES/MILLIMETERS Fractional Inches

Decimal Inches

Millimeters

1/1000 2/1000 3/1000

.001000 .002000 .003000

0.02540 0.05080 0.07620

4/1000 5/1000 6/1000

.004000 .005000 .006000

0.10160 0.12700 0.15240

7/1000 8/1000 9/1000

.007000 .008000 .009000

0.17780 0.20320 0.22860

10/1000 15/1000

.010000 .015000

0.25400 0.38100

1/64 1/32 3/64

.015625 .031250 .046875

0.39687 0.79375 1.19061

1/16 5/64 3/32 7/64

.062500 .078125 .093750 .109375

1.58750 1.98437 2.38125 2.77813

1/8 9/64 5/32 11/64

.125000 .140625 .156250 .171875

3.17500 3.57187 3.96875 4.36563

3/16 13/64 7/32 15/64

.187500 .203125 .218750 .234375

4.76250 5.15937 5.55625 5.95313

1/4 17/64 9/32 19/64

.250000 .265625 .281250 .296875

6.35000 6.74687 7.14375 7.54063

5/16 21/64 11/32 23/64

.312500 .328125 .343750 .359375

7.93750 8.33437 8.73125 9.12813

3/8 25/64 13/32 27/64

.375000 .390625 .406250 .421875

9.52500 9.92187 10.31875 10.71563

7/16 29/64 15/32 31/64

.437500 .453125 .468750 .484375

11.11250 11.50938 11.90625 12.30313

1/2 33/64

.500000 .515625

12.70000 13.09687

Fractional Inches

Decimal Inches

Millimeters

17/32 35/64

.531250 .546875

13.49375 13.89063

9/16 37/64 19/32 39/64

.562500 .578125 .593750 .609375

14.28750 14.68437 15.08125 15.47813

5/8 41/64 21/32 43/64

.625000 .640625 .656250 .671875

15.87500 16.27187 16.66875 17.06563

11/16 45/64 23.32 47/64

.687500 .703125 .718750 .734375

17.46250 17.85937 18.25625 18.65313

3/4 49/64 25/32 51/64

.750000 .765625 .781250 .796875

19.05000 19.44687 19.84375 20.24063

13/16 53/64 27/32 55/64

.812500 .828125 .843750 .859375

20.63750 21.03437 21.43125 21.82813

7/8 57/64 29/32 59/64

.875000 .890625 .906250 .921875

22.22500 22.62187 23.01875 23.41563

15/16 61/64 31/32 63/64

.937500 .953125 .968750 .984375

23.81250 24.20937 24.60625 25.00313

1 in. 2 in. 3 in.

11.0 in. 12.0 in. 13.0 in.

25.40000 50.80000 76.20000

4 in. 5 in. 6 in.

14.0 in. 15.0 in. 16.0 in.

101.60000 127.00000 152.40000

7 in. 8 in. 9 in.

17.0 in. 18.0 in. 19.0 in.

177.80000 203.20000 228.60000

10 in. 11 in. 12 in.

10.0 in. 11.0 in. 12.0 in.

254.00000 279.40000 304.80000

13 in. 14 in. 15 in.

13.0 in. 14.0 in. 15.0 in.

330.20000 355.60000 381.00000

Page 87

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

Page 88

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

Page 89

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS

Page 90

ENGLISH/METRIC UNITS