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• Le Nguyen Doan Hien

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Grammar 4.0-5.0

TENSES I. Fill in the correct form of the verb in brackets 1. I _____________ here for three hours now but i _______________ a single fish yet (sit, not catch). 2. The ancient romans _____________ fine monuments and old roads some of which still _______________ today (build, exist). 3. I ____________ you yesterday. You _______________ outside a cafe (see, sit). 4. She ______________ the sea in her whole life. She ___________ to go there last year but she _____________ any money (never see, want, not have) 5. I _____________ black stockings since I was at school (not wear) 6. I ______________ about their affair for years (know) 7. I ______________ English for the past two years and now I ______________ Russian too. (learn, study) 8. Mum ________________ in the garden the whole day (work). 9. We ________________ lovely weather for the last two weeks. I hope it ______________ that way (have, stay) 10. Most shops _______________ at 6 p.m. On Saturdays (close) 11. Where _______________ your holidays this summer (you, spend). 12. I will have this novel finished by December. By then I ______________ on it for over a year (work) 13. Now that you ________________ work you can go home (finish) 14. When a passenger plane _______________ off course a few months ago it _____________ into the mountains and _______________ everyone in it (fly, crash, kill) 15. The scientist suddenly saw the answer to the problem that he __________________ with for the last two months. (deal) 16. If you hadn't been so lazy, you __________________ the work by now (finish). 17. Where on earth have you been? - I __________________for ages (wait) 18. The weather is really awful here. ______________________like that? (it, always, rain) 19. Things __________________since I was a girl (change) 20. He _________________ his leg in a skiing accident last year (break)

II. Choose the correct tense to fill in the blanks. Growing Up as A British Asian I (1) had been born / am born / was born in Blackburn, in the northwestern part of England and I (2) had lived / have lived / am living there until I (3) left / have left / was leaving home at the age of 18. My parents (4) had moved / have moved / was moving to England from India in the 1970s.

Grammar 4.0-5.0

As a child I (5) am going / have gone / went to the local school and, of course, (6) spoke / had spoken / was speaking English with a local accent, just like all the other children. But at home it was very different. We (7) lived / had lived / have lived in an Indian environment, with a great extended family of uncles and aunts. I (8) remember / have remembered / am remembering feeling part of this big thing called "family", and an even bigger thing called "India". I think my family really (9) had influenced / influenced / was influencing me a lot while I (10) have grown / was growing / grew up. They often talked about India as "our home" - even though I (11) never was / had never / have never been there before.

To me, it (12) isn’t seeming / doesn’t seem / didn’t seem at all strange to grow up as part of two cultures. I (13) always think / have always thought / am always thinking that growing up in two cultures is a kind of gift, not a disadvantage. Now that I (14) am having / have / have had a child of my own, I want her to get in touch with her Indian roots too, so we (15) had planned / were planning / are planning a visit to India later this year. All her Indian cousins and relatives (16) have looked / are looking / look forward to meeting her.

Lost in the Mountains Two walkers are reported to (17) been / having been / being gone missing near the summit of Snowdon, the highest peak in Wales. John Watkins, aged 21 and Melanie McBrian, 19, (18) do not return / have not returned / did not return / were not returning by nightfall, leading to fears that they (19) would be / should be / may have been / will have been forced to spend the night on the mountain. Weather conditions, when the pair (20) set / have set / had set / are setting off yesterday morning, were fairly good. By the afternoon, however, it had got much worse. Thick clouds quickly (21) are spread / were spread / have spread / spread over the region and there was a sharp drop in temperature. The surface of the local lakes (22) begin / began / have begun / were beginning to freeze within a few hours. Blizzards began in the evening, with a great deal of snow (23) fall / fell / have been falling / falling above 500 metres.

Friends of the two walkers (24) surprise / were surprised / have been surprised / had surprised that they (25) don’t hear / wouldn’t hear / hadn’t heard / shouldn’t have heard from either of them. They think their mobile phones (26) should become / were becoming / should have become / might have become unusable for some reason. Melanie’s friend Janet Richards believes Melanie (27) will call / was called / would have called / could have called her to say they were alright if her phone (28) is working / was working / has been working / had been working properly. Joe Hill, a friend of John’s, admits he (29) is worried / is worrying / has been worried / has worried they (30) must have / have had / could have had / should have had an accident last night, but insists they have a lot of experience walking in the mountains of Wales. They (31) were finding / had found / would have found / may have found shelter if they (32) are forced / are forcing / were forced / had been forced to stay on the mountain during last night. Mountain rescue teams, which began looking for the couple early this morning ,say that one or both of the walkers (33) could slip / were slipping / may have slipped / should have slipped and fallen in bad weather conditions, especially as neither of them (34) used to / is used to / is using to / has been used to walking in the mountains in winter. The hope is, though, that they (35) will find / will be found / are being found / will have been found safe before long, especially as the weather is forecast to clear up within the next few hours.

Grammar 4.0-5.0

Grammar 4.0-5.0

Subject-Verb Agreement 1. Chủ ngữ là một danh từ số ít hoặc đại từ số ít -> động từ chia theo chủ ngữ số ít. Eg: My cat is lying on the grass.

2. Chủ ngữ là một danh từ số nhiều hoặc đại từ số nhiều -> động từ theo sau chia theo chủ ngữ số nhiều. Eg: They often work very hard. (Họ thường làm việc rất chăm chỉ.)

3. Chủ ngữ là một “V-ing” -> Động từ chia theo chủ ngữ số ít. Eg: Playing football is not easy with me.

4. Khi chủ ngữ được nối bởi “or” hoặc “nor” -> động từ theo sau chia theo chủ ngữ gần nhất. Eg: My parents or my brother is staying at home now.

5. Nếu chủ ngữ được nối bởi cấu trúc “Either …. or” hoặc “Neither …nor” -> Động từ theo sau chia theo chủ ngữ gần nhất. Eg: Either my parents or I am going to the supermarket to buy food for lunch.

6. Khi “either” hoặc “neither” KHÔNG đi với “or” hoặc “nor” làm chủ ngữ -> động từ LUÔN chia theo chủ ngữ số ít. Eg: Neither of them works in this company.

7. The number of + danh từ -> Động từ theo sau luôn chia theo chủ ngữ số ít. Eg: The number of addicted people has increased recently.

8. A number of +danh từ -> Động theo sau luôn chia theo chủ ngữ số nhiều. Eg: A number of good students in my class have decreased this year.

9. Khi chủ ngữ được nối với nhau bởi các liên từ: as long as, as well as, with, together with, … thì động từ chia theo chủ ngữ thứ nhất. Eg: My father as well as the other people in my family is very friendly

Grammar 4.0-5.0

10. Hai hay nhiều chủ ngữ được nối bởi “and” -> động từ số nhiều. Eg: My father and my mother have lived happily together since they got married.

11. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “each (of)”, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, every + N thì động từ luôn chia theo chủ ngữ số ít. Eg: Everyone in my class is very intelligent.

12. Many + danh từ số nhiều: động từ chia theo chủ ngữ số nhiều. Eg: Many students like playing games nowadays.

13. Many + a + N số ít: Động từ chia theo chủ ngữ số ít. Eg: Many a student doesn’t want to study all day at school.

14. Khi chủ ngữ có cấu trúc: The + adj (chỉ 1 tập thể người) -> Động từ theo sau chia theo chủ ngữ số nhiều. (The deaf, the poor, the rich,…) Eg: The deaf are the people who are not able to hear.

15. Một số danh từ có “s” ở cuối như tên các môn học -> Động từ theo sau chia theo chủ ngữ số ít. (Maths, Physics, Economics,…) Eg: Maths is considered as a difficult subject with many students.

16. Khi cụm từ chỉ tiền, thời gian, khoảng cách làm chủ ngữ -> Động từ theo sau chia theo chủ ngữ số ít. Eg: Five dollars to buy this shirt is very cheap. Ten years was a long time for her to wait.

17. Với những chủ ngữ chỉ phân số, phần trăm -> ta dựa vào DANH TỪ SAU “OF” để chia động từ. Eg: Two third of students in my class are girls. Two third of water in this bottle is drunk by Peter.

18. Ta dựa vào danh từ đi sau cấu trúc: majority of, some of, none of, all of để chia động từ. Eg: Some of my friends are very good at English. Some of the information he told us was not reliable.

Grammar 4.0-5.0

19. Nếu sau “No” hoặc “None of” là một danh từ KHÔNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC hoặc danh từ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC SỐ ÍT -> động từ theo sau chia theo chủ ngữ số ít. Eg: No further information is provided for you unless you are a VIP.

20. Nếu sau “No” hoặc “None of” là một danh từ đếm được số nhiều -> động từ theo sau chia theo chủ ngữ số nhiều. Eg: No people are allowed to swim in this lake.

EXERCISE 1. Your friend (talk-talks) too much. 2. The man with the roses (look-looks) like your brother. 3. The women in the pool (swim-swims) well. 4. Bill (drive-drives) a cab. 5. The football players (run-runs) five miles every day. 6. That red-haired lady in the fur hat (live-lives) across the street. 7. He (cook-cooks) dinner for his family. 8. The boys (walk-walks) to school every day. 9. The weather on the coast (appear-appears) to be good this weekend. 10. The center on the basketball team (bounce-bounces) the ball too high. 11. Margo and her parents (visit-visits) each other often. 12. Either the cups or the glasses (are-is) in the dishwasher. 13. Vern and Fred (need-needs) a ride to work. 14. There (is-are) a dog, a cat, and a bird in the garage. 15. Neither Matt nor his brothers (was-were) at the party. 16. Here into the main ring of the circus (come-comes) the trained elephants. 17. Either the workers or the boss (deliver-delivers) the merchandise. 18. The committee (work-works) hard for better schools. 19. There (is-are) many things to do before the holidays. 20. The jury (was-were) polled for their verdicts. 21. Here (is-are) the nails you need for the projects. 22. Either Joyce or Ellen (was-were) here. 23. The United States (is-are) a country of contrast. 24. A magazine and a book (was-were) lying on the floor.

Grammar 4.0-5.0

25. The family (is-are) occupied with their individual problems. 26. Each of the girls (look-looks) good on skis. 27. Everybody (was-were) asked to remain quiet. 28. Neither of the men (is-are) here yet. 29. (Is-Are) each of the girls ready to leave? 30. Several of the sheep (is-are) sick. 31. Some members of the faculty (is-are) present. 32. Nobody in the class (has-have) the answer. 33. Each of the girls (observe-observes) all the regulations. 34. All of the milk (is-are) gone. 35. Most of the seats (was-were) taken. 36. Mumps (is-are) one of the most uncomfortable diseases. 37. One hundred dollars (is-are) not a lot of money to some people. 38. She (doesn’t-don’t) look very well today. 39. Twenty minutes (is-are) the amount of time it takes me to get home from work. 40. It (doesn’t-don’t) seem so cold today. 41. Gymnastics (is-are) easy for Angela. 42. Interesting news (is-are) what sells our paper. 43. A pound of cookies (cost-costs) about a dollar. 44. They (doesn’t-don’t) think they’ll win the game tonight. 45. He (don’t-doesn’t) speak very well.