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• dean roberts

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE Structure I HAVE YOU HAVE HE / SHE / IT – HAS WE HAVE THEY HAVE

BEEN LIVING BEEN DRINKING

Examples Have you been playing tennis ? Yes, I have OR No, I haven’t. Has he been playing much tennis ? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t

10 QUESTIONS BELOW REQUIRE 10 ANSWERS IN PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 1. Why are you so late ? 2. Its hot in here isn’t it ? 3. Do you want a drink ? 4. Are you going to move to London ? 5. Are you hungry ? 6. Is her English good ? 7. How’s your new job ? 8. Why are your hands red ? 9. Do you think it’s safe to walk there ? 10. Where have you been ?

Which is correct ? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

She’s travelling / she’s been traveling a lot for work at the moment I arrived yesterday and I’ve been staying / I’m staying for two weeks He’s not answering his phone – maybe he’s driving / he’s been driving At last ! I’m waiting / I’ve been waiting for you for ages. I need a rest. I’m cooking / I’ve been cooking all day.

Conversation to complete

1. Why are you so dirty? We____________Dad in the garden, (help)

2. It looks beautiful outside. Yes, it ____________ since we got up this morning, (snow)

3. You look well! Yes, I ____________ a lot of exercise at the moment, (do)

4. How long. you _? (sunbathe) Not long.

5. Is Mike still in his room? Yes, h e ____________ computer games all afternoon, (play)

PRESENT PERFECT Structure I HAVE YOU HAVE HE / SHE / IT – HAS WE HAVE THEY HAVE

NEGATIVE IVE YOU'VE

HAVEN’T HASN’T

WE’VE THEY’VE

Examples    

Ive been to BRAZIL Have you ever lost your suitcase ? Have you painted the kitchen ? He’s known him for 20 years

Use    

To give news ( She has just given birth to a baby girl ) To say / ask if something has or hasn't happened – we use with YET To say something has just happened earlier than expected – we use with ALREADY To talk about situations that started in the past and continue now. – I have lived here for 3 months NOT Iam living here for 3 months

Exercise : ( corrections ) 1. I’m not really hungry because I’ve ALREADY HAD / I HAVENT HAD breakfast 2. I’ve been to Denver but I NEVER WENT / I’ve NEVER BEEN to New York. 3. They got married in May so THEY’RE / THEY’VE BEEN married for 6 months 4. He’s lived here SINCE ALL HIS LIFE / FOR ALL HIS LIFE 5. I moved to Paris eleven months ago so I’VE LIVED / I LIVE here for nearly a year. 10 QUESTIONS BELOW REQUIRE 10 ANSWERS IN PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE 1. Have you finished your homework ? 2. How long has she known him ? 3. Has he sent an email or a text message ? 4. Have you been to Scotland ? 5. Have you had dinner ? 6. How long has the television been on ? 7. How far did you run ? 8. How long have you studied ? 9. When did you buy your apartment ? 10. Have you seen the new movie ?

COLOURS What colour do you prefer? Why ? Do you wear a certain colour for the time of year / festival / occasion ? Please describe How do you colour choices make you feel ? Have you worn a colour once and then changed in the same day ?

PAST TENSE PAST SIMPLE A finished event at a certain point in time ( last night , week , month etc ) PAST PERFECT Structure The past perfect simple is had+ past participle (gone/ seen/ finished etc). USE Sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past: Sarah arrived at the party. This is the starting point of the story. Then, if we want to talk about things that happened before this time, we use the past perfect (had ...): When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home. Some more examples: 1.When we got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into the flat. 2.Karen didn't want to go to the cinema with us because she'd already seen the movie. 3.At first I thought I'd done the right thing, but I soon realised that I'd made a big mistake. 4.The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadn't flown before. or ... He had never flown before.

New *** 13th July Holidays Lets talk about : 1) A place I would really like to go Where / what / why …………. 2) A great winter holiday I once had Yang Pyung / Muju – Pyong Chang / Snowboarding / 3) A family holiday where everyone argued 4) Things that tourists do that annoy me 5) A holiday where I did a lot of sports

6) A holiday where I had a lot of problems Possessives

Show possession with apostrophes -

The Kangaroo’s pouch

-

The kangoroos’ pouches

-

The dog’s tail

-

The dogs’tails

-

The giraffe’s neck

-

The giraffes’ necks

Conversation What type of shops do you like ? Are shops in Korea better for service and content ? Have you been to a farmers market ?

Are small shops important in Korea ? Why / why not Why do some main shopping roads ( like orchard road ) die out ?

present perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets. I ……………….. .a new phone, (just/buy) I ……………….. .for my own name online, (never/search) I …………… a lot of films in the last two weeks, (watch) I ………………….. for a new tablet, but I haven’t got enough money yet. (save up) .about not using my smartphone for a few weeks, just to see if I can survive! (think)

Underline the correct words. The two men 1. first met / were first meeting in Paris in 1993, when Philippe 2. looked for / was looking for a nurse. At one time, he 3. was / had been a successful businessman, living a life of great luxury. Then, after a terrible paragliding accident, he 4. bad lost / lost the use of his arms and legs. Philippe 5. struggled / had struggled to imagine the future. Philippe 6. liked / had liked Abdel immediately and he 1offered! had offered him the job of being his nurse.

TRADITIONS You are going to talk about a tradition in your family. ALWAYS - PAST SIMPLE - USUALLY – USED TO

We can use. ………. .to talk about events that happened only once in the past We can use ………… . . + infinitive to talk about past habits. We can use ………. . and with the present and past simple to talk about present and past habits.

Talk about a tradition in your family – prepare to talk for 1 minute each What’s the tradition? How often does it happen?

When/Where does it happen?

Which family members are involved? How did the tradition start?

Was there anything you used to do which you don’t do now?

Do you like the tradition?

Do you think the tradition will carry on in the future?

Example ( to start ) We always so out for dinner on my birthday. We used to so for a pizza, but now I usually choose a Japanese restaurant – 1 love sush i!

Could, Would or Should? (Use the negative if necessary i.e. couldn’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t) 1. He _________ try and catch the plane, but it is leaving in 10 mins. 2. She _________ try and catch the plane, there’s still 10 mins before it takes off. 3. She _________ try and catch the plane if there was more time. 4. It _________ be true that McDonald’s burgers use real ingredients. 5. It _________ be true that McDonald’s burgers use real ingredients, but because it’s so cheap, I know they don’t. 6. It _________ be true that McDonald’s burgers use real ingredients, but because it’s so cheap, they probably don’t. 7. “There _________ be another way to solve this question, I’m sure of it!” 8. “There _________ be another way of solving this question, this is the only way right?” 9. “There _________ be another way of solving this question, would there?” 10. “_________ you please explain why you thought breaking the vase was a good idea?” 11. “_________ you be explaining why breaking the vase was a good idea and not coming up with excuses?” 12. “You _________ be in this situation if you had just left the vase alone.” 13. “I heard you have to wait in line for a whole day to get the new iphone, who _________ want to do that?” 14. “I heard you have to wait in line for a whole day to get the new iphone, who _________ do that?” 15. “Are you waiting in line for the new iphone? It will take a whole day, you _________.” 16. “He _________ be able to breathe under water for that long, that’s not humanly possible!” 17. “_________ it be possible that he can breathe under water for that long?” 18. “He _________ be able to breathe under water for that long if it wasn’t for his vigorous training regime.” 19. It _________ take an army of people to build something that big 20. It _________ take an army of people to build something that big, but somehow they did it with a lot less. 21. “How many people would it take to build that?” – “I’m not sure, it _________ take an army of people to build something that big”

GERUNDS / INFINITIVES Verbs like love, like, hate, prefer, begin and start are USUSALLY followed by a GERUND Or an INFINITIVE Enjoy, detest, don’t mind, imagine, feel , like, suggest, practise, miss cant stop and cant stand – followed by GERUND Refuse, hope, promise, ask, learn, expect, decide, afford, offer, choose and want = must be an infinitve 

I stopped to drink my coffee



I stopped drinking my coffee



I remembered buying the book



I remembered to buy the book

He really enjoys to play / playing tricks on me. My sister hates to play / playing this game He really can’t stop to play / playing practical jokes on other people. Jack started to move / moving the mouse on the palm of his hand He couldn’t stop to go / going round and round the car. Stop and remember can be followed by either Gerund or infinitive but have different meanings

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

They tried …………….. ( help) but he wouldn’t let them. I can’t remember………………. ( see) that movie Please remember ……………… ( give ) me my book back tomorrow We tried …………… ( surf ) the internet, but we didn’t find any information. I remember ……………… (be) quite shy when I was little

VERB + ING – Patterns 1. 2. 3. 4.

After a preposition After certain verbs ( keep, mind, love etc ) After some expressions ( it’s worth, it’s no good ) etc. As the subject of a sentence

   

Making a reservation isn’t easy It’s worth travelling to Ubud ! I enjoy going to nice restaurants We finally succeeded in getting a table

To – infinitive 1. 2. 3. 4.

After question words After certain verbs ( want, plan ,seem, decide) After certain adjectives, ( difficult, good important )etc… To show purpose

   

It’s easy to see why this place get’s so many 5 star reviews We managed to get a table A member of staff goes fishing to catch it for you I didn't know what to choose from the menu

RELATIVE CLAUSES We use relative clauses to give extra information about something. We can get more information into a sentence without the need to start a new one. We use who in relative clauses for a person. Who is followed by a verb. We use whose in relative clauses instead of his/hers/theirs. Whose is followed by a noun. We use where in relative clauses to talk about a place. Where is followed by a noun or pronoun. We use which (and that) in relative clauses to talk about a thing. Place the words in bold in the correct position in the sentence

1. 2. 3. 4.

He told me that it was my mistake. It was nonsense WHICH My friend wants to become a psychologist. She loves helping people. WHO Many experts will attend the conference. New theories will be presented. WHERE Our neighbour is going to the UK soon. Her daughter lives in Portsmouth. WHOSE

Grammar explanation When we tell someone what another person said, we often use the verbs say, tell or ask. These are called 'reporting verbs'. However, we can also use other reporting verbs. Many reporting verbs can be followed by another verb in either an infinitive or an -ing form. 

Reporting verb + infinitive Verbs like advise, agree, challenge, claim, decide, demand, encourage, invite, offer, persu ade, promise, refuse and remind can follow an infinitive pattern. 'Let's see. I'll have the risotto, please.' 

He decided to have the risotto.

'I'll do the report by Friday, for sure.' 

She promised to do  the report by Friday.

'It's not a good idea to write your passwords down.' 

They advised us not to write  our passwords down.

We can also use an infinitive to report imperatives, with a reporting verb like tell, order, instruct, direct or warn. 'Please wait for me in reception.' 

The guide told us to wait for her in reception.

'Don't go in there!' 

The police officer warned us not to go  in there.

Reporting verb + -ing form Verbs like admit, apologise for, complain about, deny, insist on, mention and suggest can follow an -ing form pattern. 'I broke the window.' 

She admitted  breaking the window.

'I'm really sorry I didn't get back to you sooner.' 

He apologised for not getting back to me sooner.

'Let's take a break.'



She suggested  taking  a break.

The past simple passive is formed by using 'was' or 'were' plus the past participle. The passive is used when the person or thing that did the action is unknown, unimportant or not the focus of our interest. ... Tip: The past simple passive is formed by using 'was' or 'were' plus the past participle. Similar to the past perfect in the active voice, the past perfect passive expresses a previous action or state that began in the past and continued up to another point in the past, and its consequences have implications for that second point in time We can use subject + would + infinitive (I would go) or subject + would + have + past participle (I would have gone). ... But only 'would' is followed by an infinitive without 'to'. 'Had' is followed by a past participle or by 'to + infinitive'.