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Gerund and Infinitive | Grammar

Gerund (verb+ing)

Infinitive

Usa-se o Gerund:

Infinitive without to Usa-se:

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Como substantivo (Singing is her favorite hobby; Swimming is good for you.);

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Após preposições1 (After resting I'll make the bed; Without knowing what to do, I went home earlier.);

Após os verbos modais (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to, needn't e, às vezes need) e os verbos auxiliares do e will;

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Após as expressões had better (seria melhor, seria aconselhável), would rather (preferiria) rather than;

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Após as conjunções but e except, and, or, than, as e like:

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Após certos verbos: let, make see, hear, feel, observe, watch, notice.

Após os verbos abaixo só se pode usar a forma no gerúndio: admit - appreciate avoid - carry on - consider - contemplate delay - deny - detest - endure - enjoy escape - excuse - face - fancy - feel like finish - forgive - give up - imagine - include - involve - keep - mention - mind - miss postpone - practice - put off - recommend resent - resist - risk - suggest - understand – quit Após determinadas expressões: can't stand, can’t help, be worth, feel like, it is no good, t is good, it is no use, there is no point, what about, how about, looking forward to, be used to, objected to

To- Infinitive Usa-se: -Após the first, the second, the third, the last, the only, the next, etc. - Após alguns verbos. Os mais comuns são: afford agree - appear - arrange - ask - attempt - (can't bear) - be able - beg - begin - care - choose - consent - continue - dare - decide - expect - fail - forget - go on - happen - hate - have - help - hesitate - hope intend - invite - learn - like - love - manage - mean neglect - offer - plan - prefer - prepare - pretend propose - promise - refuse - regret - remember - seek – seem - start - swear - trouble - try - want – wish -Após determinadas expressões: be+likely, would like/love/prefer/hate… -Após o verbo to be; - Para indicar a finalidade, com que propósito se faz ou se quer algo (I'd like something to stop my toothache.);

1 about, against, at, in, of, for, on, after, before, etc. Before, after, by, instead of e without vêm sempre seguidos com verbo no gerúndio.

Gerund and Infinitive | Grammar Há verbos que admitem as duas formas sem mudar de significado. Exemplos: attempt, begin, can't bear, continue, intend, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, start, be (not) acostumed to 1. Jane enjoys ___________________ to music. (listen) 2. I don’t mind ___________________ the washing up. (do) 3. Irregular verbs are not easy ___________________ . (remember) 4. Steven is really good at ___________________ . (cook) 5. She waited ___________________ a movie ticket. (buy) 6. The doctor encouraged his patients ___________________ healthy food. (eat) 7. My flat is easy ___________________ . (find) 8. She is interested in ___________________ a doctor. (become) 9. He is saving money ___________________ a new car. (buy) 10. When I met her I couldn’t help ___________________ her. (hug) 11. My favorite hobby is ___________________ . (read) 12. My mother helped me ___________________ my homework. (do) 13. I’m sick of ___________________ hot dogs every day. (eat) 14. It is important ___________________ the net for more information. (surf) 15. He advised me ___________________ a doctor as soon as possible. (see) 16. I don’t feel like ___________________ English today. (study) 17. Sophie got Mark ___________________ her car (wash) 18. ___________________ sport every day is good for your health. (do) 19. At last they decided ___________________ the apartment. (rent) 20. I pretended ___________________ asleep. (be) 21. Mary stopped ___________________ hello to her friends. (say) 22. It’s no use ___________________ over spilt milk. (cry) 23. The following questions are easy ___________________ . (answer) 24. He told us where ___________________ the necessary material. (find) 25. Would you mind ___________________ this letter for me? (post) 26. They suggested ___________________ by bus. (travel) 27. We plan ___________________ to Europe this summer(go) 28. It was hard for her ___________________ smoking. (quit) 29. We were all happy about ___________________ the New Year in Paris. (celebrate) 30. It seems difficult ___________________ everything about the topic. (know) 31. Just avoid ___________________ unnecessary mistakes. (make) 32. Can you imagine ___________________ my car before we leave? (finish) 33. We are used ___________________ up early in the morning. (get) 34. He enjoys ___________________ . (paint) 35. I forgot ___________________ the door when I left. (lock) 36. I regret ___________________ you that your application was rejected. (inform) 37. We intend ___________________ you next spring. (visit) 38. I decided ___________________ more often. (exercise) 39. Joanna keeps ___________________ about her problems. (talk) 40. Scotland doesn’t allow ___________________ in bars. (smoke) 41. Nina seemed ___________________ disappointed. (be) 42. I can’t bear ___________________ so much responsibility. (have) 43. She is fond of ___________________ picnics. (have)

Gerund and Infinitive | Grammar 44. He promised ___________________ smoking. (stop) 45. They urge their citizens ___________________ more waste. (recycle) 46. ___________________ a new job is very difficult. . (find) Answers: 1. Jane enjoys listening to music. 2. I don’t mind doing the washing up. 3. Irregular verbs are not easy to remember. 4. Steven is really good at cooking. 5. She waited to buy a movie ticket. 6. The doctor encouraged his patients to eat healthy food. 7. My flat is easy to find. 8. She is interested in becoming a doctor. 9. He is saving money to buy a new car. 10. When I met her I couldn’t help hugging her. 11. My favourite hobby is cooking. 12. My mother helped me do my homework. 13. I’m sick of eating hamburgers every day. 14. It is important to surf the net for more information. 15. He advised me to see a doctor as soon as possible. 16. I don’t feel like studying English today. 17. Sophie got Mark to wash her car 18. Doing sport every day is good for your health. 19. At last they decided to rent the apartment. 20. I pretended to be asleep. 21. Sheila stopped to say hello to her friends. 22. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 23. The following questions are easy to answer. 24. He told us where to find the necessary material. 25. Would you mind posting this letter for me? 26. They suggested travelling by bus. 27. We plan to go to Europe this summer

Gerund and Infinitive | Grammar 28. It was hard for her to quit smoking. 29. WE were all happy about celebrating the New Year in Paris. 30. It seems difficult to know everything about the topic. 31. Just avoid making unnecessary mistakes. 32. Can you imagine finishing my car before we leave? 33. We are used to getting up early in the morning. 34. He enjoys reading. 35. I forgot to lock the door when I left. 36. I regret to inform you that your application was rejected. 37. We intend to visit you next spring. 38. I decided to exercise more often. 39. Joanna keeps talking about her problems. 40. Scotland doesn’t allow smoking in bars. 41. Nina seemed to be disappointed. 42. I can’t bear having so much responsibility. 43. She is fond of having picnics. 44. He promised to stop smoking. 45. They urge their citizens to recycle more waste. 46.Finding a new job is very difficult.