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Unit 1

Appearance and identity

Introduction    page 9  KEY

1 Students’ own answers. 2

Underline: cheeky, confident, easy-going, moody, shy Circle: rather, very, quite, really, fairly 3 & 4 Students’ own answers.

Listening Part 1    page 10  Think ahead 1 KEY

a  in  b  of / about   c  of  d  about; to   e  to

Multiple choice 2 KEY

4 KEY

In both sentences there is no necessity to hurry because there is plenty of time; but in sentence a the speaker knew there was plenty of time so did not hurry, whereas in sentence b the speaker hurried but later found it had not been necessary to hurry because there had been plenty of time. a There was plenty of time so I didn’t need to hurry (and I didn’t). b There was plenty of time so we needn’t have hurried (but we did).

5 KEY

1 2 3 4 5 6

both possible needn’t mustn’t both possible should both possible

7 8 9 10 11 12

1  B  2  C  3  C  4  B  5  C  6  A  7  B  8  A

Over to you

Over to you

6 & 7 Students’ own answers.

3 Students’ own answers.

must should must need to will have to had to

Grammar (1)    page 11 

Reading and Use of English Part 5    page 12 

Modal verbs of obligation

Think ahead

1 KEY

a  3  b  2  c  4  d  1  e  6  f  7  g  5

2 KEY

a I’ll have to d You’ll have to (Note: Must can refer to the present or the future so it is not absolutely necessary to change answer d to represent the future.) e You won’t have to

3 KEY

a Different: First option means there is no obligation – it’s a matter of choice. Second option is a prohibition – dressing up is not allowed. b Same meaning: There is no obligation, it is not necessary. c Slightly different: First option is personal – the speaker thinks this. Second option is external – someone else thinks this.

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 1 Answer Key

2 KEY

a Mr Bond wasn’t a fraudster; he was the victim of identity theft. b Identity crime is increasing.

Exam practice: Multiple choice 3 KEY

1 C: they are fraudsters who prey on people’s good nature 2 D: Away from people who knew him, Mr Bond’s reputation was based solely on the contents of a police file. 3 D: all an unscrupulous thief needs to start using a person’s name is a few snippets of information 4 C: It has been claimed that ‘bin diving’ is a common way for thieves to get information. In an extensive survey, a credit checking agency examined the contents of 400 rubbish bins. 5 B: All it takes is one dishonest employee and people can say goodbye to their hard-earned cash. 6 D

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1

Word building

6 KEY

4

Grammar (2)    page 14 

a Every day / Every so often / Most weekends / Occasionally / Sometimes / Twice a week / Usually, I wear bright clothes. I never / occasionally / often / rarely / sometimes / usually wear bright clothes. I wear bright clothes every day / every so often / most weekends / occasionally / sometimes / twice a week. b At present / At the moment / Currently / Now / This week / Today, I’m wearing bright clothes. I’m wearing bright clothes at present / at the moment / currently / now / this week / today.

Present tenses

Over to you

KEY

a  unqualified  b  finance  c  fraudulent  d  retirement  ​ e  impersonator  f  thief  g  immigrants  h  organization

Over to you 5 Students’ own answers.

1

7 Students’ own answers.

KEY

a  are shopping   b  is booming   c  buy, sell   d  contain  e  use

2 KEY

a a, b (present continuous) b c, e (present simple) c d (present simple)

3 KEY

a 1 ‘I live in Madrid.’ This suggests the speaker thinks of this as being a permanent situation. 2 ‘I’m living in Madrid.’ This suggests the speaker thinks of this as being a temporary situation. b 1 ‘Shh! Can’t you see I’m watching the news?’ This is happening at the moment of speaking. The Shh! emphasizes that this is a current action. 2 ‘These days I’m watching a lot of documentaries.’ This refers to an ongoing, temporary action happening ‘around now’. c 1 ‘They always forget my name.’ This is a statement of fact relating to a routine occurrence. 2 ‘They’re always forgetting my name.’ The use of the continuous form shows that the routine occurrence happens too often. It may imply that the speaker is annoyed.

4 KEY

a b c e

I have She understands What exactly do you mean? I believe

Reading and Use of English Part 1    page 15  Exam skills 1 KEY

noun + noun verb + noun verb + preposition adverb + verb

2 KEY

Act suspiciously; conceal your true identity; confidential information; judge somebody by their appearance; peer pressure The words close, cover, friend, perform and rank from list A do not combine with any words in list B.

Exam practice: Multiple-choice cloze 3 KEY

1  B  2  A  3  D  4  A  5  B  6  D  7  C  8  C

Vocabulary    page 16  Parts of the body 1 KEY

Adverbs

A  forehead  B  eye  C  cheek  D  mouth  E  chin  ​ F  neck  ​G  knee  ​H  shin  ​I  ankle  ​J  toes  ​K  shoulder  ​ L  elbow  ​M  chest  ​N  fingers  ​O  wrist  ​P  palm  ​ Q  stomach  ​R  waist  ​S  hip  ​T  thigh  ​U  calf

5

2

KEY

Present simple: every day; every so often; most weekends; never; occasionally; often; rarely; sometimes; twice a week; usually; today Present continuous: at present; at the moment; currently; now; this week; today First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 1 Answer Key

KEY

a  shoulders  ​b  toe  ​c  palms  ​d  wrist  ​e  knees  ​ f  elbows, head

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2

Seeing verbs

8

3

KEY

KEY

a  looks, staring   ​b  watching  ​c  Look  ​d  notice  ​ e  gazed  ​f  see

Speaking Part 1    page 17  Think ahead

Writing Part 1 – Essay    page 18  Think ahead

1

1

POSSIBLE QUESTIONS

Clothes: Do you like to dress up for special occasions? What kind of clothes do you feel most comfortable in? How important are clothes to you? Education: What are you studying? Where do you study? What was your favourite subject at school? Family and friends: Do you have brothers and sisters? What do you enjoy doing with your family? When do you spend time with friends? Free time: How often do you go to the cinema? What was the last film you saw? What sort of music do you enjoy listening to? Work: What do you do? Where do you work? What do you enjoy about your job? 2 & 3 Students’ own answers.

4 SUGGESTED ANSWER

The first candidate, George, gave better answers. He gave fuller, more detailed answers than the second candidate, Adriana, who gave very short answers. For example, compare the following answer to the examiner’s question: Where are you from? George: I’m from Patras – it’s a fairly large town in the south west of Greece. Adriana: I’m from Granada.

5 KEY

a b c d

The words are stressed because they are the most important words in the replies. Note that the stress falls on the syllable in the word which is normally stressed, not the whole word – e.g. CA-su-al.

fairly large quite a lot, but, very, so very well but, close

e Actually, completely, rather f but now g sometimes

6 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a I feel most comfortable in a T-shirt, jeans and trainers for most of the things I like doing, but I prefer to wear smart clothes for special occasions. b Yes, there are, for example if I go to parties or if it’s a special family occasion. c Last weekend – we had a big family celebration for my father’s fiftieth birthday.

Sentence stress 7 KEY

a  cinema  b  years  c  swim  d  friends  ​e  casual  ​ f  best First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 1 Answer Key

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a A uniform allows others to see what each of these people does. Police officer: to show rank and instil respect / fear Nurse: for protection and also to help patients to recognize them Airline pilot: to instil confidence in passengers Traffic warden: to justify him / her looking at vehicles Fast food worker: for protection and so that customers know who to talk to if they need something Postman: so that people recognize who the person is when they open their door. b A uniform gives people status and ensures that their function is recognized by the public and their peers. Some people may enjoy wearing a uniform because they feel it makes them look good / smart and invests them with a certain authority. People may show more respect to somebody wearing a uniform. Wearing a uniform can also give people a sense of belonging and of pride in being part of an organization.

Exam skills 2 KEY

a This piece of writing is an essay, so the students are writing for a general audience and should employ a relatively formal and neutral tone. b In this type of essay question – sometimes known as a ‘for’ and ‘against’ essay, it’s important that students address both sides of the argument, not just the side they agree with. The essay should include an introduction, followed by the arguments for and against the wearing of uniforms in different jobs, giving reasons in each case. It should end with a conclusion in which the writer can give their own opinion.

3 KEY

A Quite interesting, but not appropriate as an introduction – an introduction introduces the key ideas to be discussed in the body of the essay and does not go straight into details on a particular point, as this answer does. This would be better as a paragraph in the body of the essay. B Opening with a question makes this paragraph quite interesting, but as it continues it becomes too descriptive and specific for an introduction. It then rambles and becomes unfocused. Photocopiable  © Oxford University Press

3

C Inappropriate because it is too personal and informal. D Interesting and appropriate. It introduces the subject economically and makes two or three interesting points: uniforms are everywhere / worn for work / no choice for the wearer The most suitable is paragraph D.

4 KEY

b

Yes. The writer has: • agreed with the statement • referred to uniforms as helping us to identify people • referred to uniforms as means of protection • included ideas of their own: the disadvantages of uniforms / uniforms conferring respect

5

Unit 1 Review    page 20  1 KEY

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

C rest D clothing C early D market

2 KEY

a b c d e

KEY

The most common reason for (1) this / which is that uniforms allow wearers to be seen and identified by the public. (2) For example / Like, if you are visiting someone in hospital, you need to know who is a nurse or doctor and who is an ordinary member of the public. (3) Another / Other reasons include protecting wearers from danger or disease, for example fire fighters at a blaze, or nurses working in a hospital. However, uniforms have disadvantages for some people. They make everyone look the same (4) because / so that people cannot express their individuality in the same way as if they were wearing clothes they had chosen themselves. A more serious problem may be for soldiers who are fighting. Their uniform gives the enemy a clear target and may (5) actually / probably cost soldiers their lives. In my experience, I have found that people in uniform are often given more respect than people in ordinary clothes. (6) For instance / An example, it would be difficult for someone in ordinary clothes to arrest another person. (7) In conclusion / To end with, I would say that there are certain jobs for which wearing a uniform is necessary.

A point B considering C contacted A employed

don’t / do not have to go or needn’t / need not go mustn’t / must not take needn’t have / need not have hurried mustn’t / must not tire yourself out didn’t have to / did not have to send her an email or didn’t / did not need to send her an email

3 KEY

a b c d e

I’m expecting normally works, he is visiting Do you have, I’m trying I don’t usually like, I’m reading, I’m enjoying flows

6 KEY

1 2 3 4

this For example Other so that

5 actually 6 For instance 7 In conclusion

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 1 Answer Key

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Unit 2

Talents

Introduction    page 21  1

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Top left to bottom right: a Photo 1: gymnast – flexibility, athleticism, competitiveness Photo 2: surgeon – excellent hand-eye co-ordination, knowledge about anatomy, precise focus Photo 3: model – good looks, tall and slim, poise Photo 4: singer – good voice, ability to perform for others, memory for words in songs Photo 5: teacher – presentation skills, knowledge of subject, empathy for students Photo 6: museum tour guide – presentation skills, knowledge of art, enthusiastic personality b Students’ own answers.

6 C: Ron says the key to his training is to be distracted while memorizing things; this gives his brain incredible focus. For example, to become the USA Memory Champion he memorized cards while snorkelling. 7 A: Adam painstakingly taught Derek how to play properly … 8 D: He performs all his feats without a safety net or harness. 9 B: His ambition was to become a professional bee-keeper but instead he ended up becoming an academic. 10 C: Ron currently teaches memory techniques to people all over the United States.

Phrasal verbs: turn 4 KEY

a  5  ​b  6  ​c  3  ​d  2  ​e  1  ​f  4

Reading and Use of English Part 7    page 22 

Over to you

Exam skills

Grammar (1)    page 24 

1 KEY

a b c d e f

accidentally: by chance, unintentionally ability: skill, talent currently: presently, these days cover (sth) up: conceal, hide participate: be involved, take part pressure: demands, stress

2 KEY

5 Students’ own answers.

can, be able to 1 KEY

a Derek Paravicini is not able to read even Braille, but he has an amazing talent; he is able to play any piece of music after only one hearing. b He was able to play a toy organ when he was two.

2 KEY

1 left school; was expelled from school; didn’t finish school; dropped out of school (do not provide this unless students come up with it) 7 had classes / lessons; was taught by somebody (do not provide this unless students come up with it)

a There is no infinitive form of can. b There is no present perfect form of can to talk about ability.

Exam practice: Multiple matching

a He can run 100 metres in just over twelve seconds. b When I was younger, I could run up a hill without getting out of breath. c They had eaten such a big breakfast that they couldn’t finish their lunch. d He could probably touch his toes if he lost weight. e Even if I’d been stronger, I couldn’t have lifted those heavy weights.

3 KEY

1 C: A high-school dropout … 2 A: He does occasionally play the wrong note, but because he is able to improvise, he can cover it up without anyone even noticing. 3 D: Eskil is well aware of the risks involved in what he does. 4 B: He acquired these skills after years of practice … 5 A: Derek Paravicini was born blind, with severe learning difficulties and autism. He has limited verbal skills, poor short-term memory and cannot read even Braille … at nine, Derek gave his first of many major public performances. First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 2 Answer Key

3 KEY

4 KEY

It is not possible to use could in sentence c, because could refers to a general ability in the past, whereas were able to refers to a specific event in the past. In sentence c we are

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1

talking about a specific event in the past, not a general ability in the past.

2

Other ability structures

1  has  ​2  there  ​3  an  ​4  Because  ​5  to  ​6  need  ​ 7  order  ​8  however  ​9  what  ​10  many

5 KEY

We can use the past forms of manage to and succeed in for sentences b and c. a We cannot use managed to or succeeded in in sentence a because this sentence refers to a past, ongoing habit (smoking). Managed to or succeeded in refer to a specific event in the past, when something became possible. b We can use managed to or succeeded in in sentence b because the sentence refers to a specific event in the past, although the verb following succeeded in would need to take the -ing form: The doctors managed to save the woman’s life. The doctors succeeded in saving the woman’s life. c We can use managed to or succeeded in in sentence c because the sentence refers to a specific event in the past, although the verb following succeeded in would need to take the -ing form: After five hours, the firefighters managed to put out the fire. After five hours, the firefighters succeeded in putting out the fire.

6 KEY

a b c d e f g h i

didn’t succeed in finding wasn’t able to complete / do / finish succeeded in passing managed to break in / enter was(n’t) able to swim managed / has managed to get wasn’t able to fall succeeded in opening / uncorking Have / Haven’t (you) managed to lose

7 KEY

It is not possible to use could or couldn’t in sentences c, d, f and i. a couldn’t find g couldn’t sleep b couldn’t finish h could open e could swim

Over to you

KEY

Exam practice: Open cloze 3 KEY

1  a  ​2  if / when   ​3  to  ​4  that / which   ​5  rather  ​6  for  ​ 7  while / whilst   ​8  be

Over to you 4 Students’ own answers.

Grammar (2)    page 26  Comparatives and superlatives 2 KEY

as big as; higher; stricter; more severe; less extensive; as effective as; the most interesting

3 KEY

a b c d e f g h i

longer, the longest / shorter, the shortest larger, the largest / later, the latest flatter, the flattest / thinner, the thinnest heavier, the heaviest / funnier, the funniest more important, the most important / more independent, the most independent cleverer, the cleverest / narrower, the narrowest better, the best / worse, the worst better, the best / worse, the worst more quickly, the most quickly / more carefully, the most carefully

4 KEY

The adjective or adverb takes its basic form – e.g. as quick as, as quickly as / as beautiful as, as beautifully as.

5 KEY

a  good  ​b  cheaper  ​c  younger; cleverer   ​ d  the unluckiest   ​e  better  ​f  hotter  ​g  more difficult   ​ h  less / more legibly   ​i  easier  ​j  faster; sooner

8 Students’ own answers.

6

Reading and Use of English Part 2    page 25 

a no difference: just (as … as); no b a small difference: a bit; a little; slightly c a big difference: far / by far; much; a lot; not nearly (as… as); considerably

KEY

Exam skills 1 KEY

b How different learners learn best

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 2 Answer Key

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2

Over to you 7 SUGGESTED ANSWER

My brother is taller than me but not as tall as my husband. I don’t think my brother is as witty as I am, because he does not value sense of humour as much as I do. We both had a lot of education, but I studied harder than him at school and at university. I think I am kinder than my brother, and he is a little bit moodier than I am, but he is more sociable.

Speaking Part 2    page 27  Exam skills 1 KEY

a Each candidate is given two photographs. b Each candidate has to talk about his / her own photos for about one minute. c Next, each candidate answers a question about the other candidate’s photo.

3 KEY

Contrasting words but, The main difference between … , unless, whereas, while Words which give and, also, because more information Words which I’d prefer to do … than …, I find …, express preference I imagine that …, I’d much rather …, Personally

4 KEY

The words and expressions in bold are in the audioscript. Ones not in bold are additional alternatives. Contrasting words but, however, The main difference between …, unless, whereas, while Words which give and, also, because, in addition more information Words which I’d prefer to do … than, I’d much express a rather …, I prefer to do … than … preference / I prefer doing … to …, I find …, I imagine that …, Personally

Pronunciation 5 KEY

a much b nearly c just (an alternative stress pattern could be to put the main stress on the word spell) d considerably

Long turn 8 Students’ own answers.

Writing Part 2 – Letter / email    page 28  Exam skills 2 KEY

In the reply, you need to: • say what happened to you last night • provide an excuse for not showing up (and apologize) • say when you would like to meet up / reschedule the meeting

3 KEY

Although both emails give a full response to Charlie’s message and answer all his questions, the first reply (on the left-hand side of the page) is more appropriate because it is written in an appropriate style for an email between friends. The other answer is far too formal for an email to a friend, and the format / layout is more appropriate for a formal letter.

Formal and informal language 4 KEY

a  INF  ​b  F  ​c  INF  ​d  F  ​e  F  ​f  INF  ​g  INF  ​h  INF

5 KEY

The informal features included in the first email are: • short sentences, e.g. No, nothing’s wrong! (Note: exclamation marks are more likely to be used in informal writing.), instead of: In your email you enquire whether anything is wrong and in response I must assure you that no, nothing is wrong. • contractions, e.g. nothing’s wrong instead of nothing is wrong • phrasal verbs, e.g. held up • omitted words (e.g. pronouns), e.g. Sorry about last night instead of I am sorry about last night • the use of very simple words or slang, e.g. ’cos instead of because

6 KEY

INF: Best wishes; Cheers; Good to hear from you!; Hello; Hi!; Hiya!; How are things with you?; Jo; Thanks for your email; You asked me about … F: Best wishes; Dear Sam; Dear Sir; I’m (I am) writing to …; Regards; Thank you for your email of 15/12; Yours sincerely; Yours faithfully; Jo Hunter (Ms)

7 KEY

a  bit; lot   ​b  nearly; far   ​c  just; far; much   ​d  no

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 2 Answer Key

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3

7 KEY

a b c d

a snack attempted therefore sent you a text message

e f g h

to inform you because returned home I do apologize

8 KEY

The second email uses delayed instead of held up and arrive instead of get in because held up and get in are phrasal verbs and therefore preferably not used in formal writing.

9 KEY

a My boyfriend refuses to back down even when he knows I’m right. b I wish people wouldn’t eat at their desks. I just can’t put up with it. c I wish you wouldn’t put me down in public – it’s really embarrassing. d I bumped into someone I was at school with yesterday. e Have you heard about Tim and Jan? They’ve called off their wedding! f My grandparents brought up five children on a very low income.

Meanings of get 10 KEY

Underline in the first email: get in, got changed, get you on, get it, got there Formal equivalents in second email: get in = arrive home, got changed = changed, get you on = contact you on, get it = receive, got there = arrived

Exam practice: Email 11 KEY

a Talk about your classes + say whether your classes are interesting + describe the things you do in your classes + say whether you are learning a lot from your classes. b Sam is the target reader, and because he / she is your friend the style would be informal. c & d Students’ own answers.

Reading and Use of English Part 3    page 30  Exam skills 1 KEY

a a noun because it follows an article b a verb because it follows a noun and is followed by a relative clause

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 2 Answer Key

c an adverb because it is describing the action of the verb in the phrase ‘pass the ball’ d an adjective because it describes the type of person you need to be to get to the top in a sport

2 KEY

a  height  ​b  disagree  ​c  skilfully  ​d  ambitious

3 KEY

-al arrival, refusal -ance performance -er employer, performer, worker -or predictor, protector -ion prediction, rejection, protection, completion -ation expectation, information -ity prosperity -ment employment, improvement

Exam practice: Word formation 5 KEY

1  competitions  ​2  argument  ​3  disagree  ​ 4  entertainment  ​5  sponsorship  ​6  hardly  ​7  unable  ​ 8  famous

Over to you 6 Students’ own answers.

Listening Part 2    page 31  Think ahead 2 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

swimming lessons stress many / both a healthy diet / healthily / well sick / unwell clubs / activities a few neglecting / failing the independence / the responsibilities fun / relaxation

Exam practice: Sentence completion 3 KEY

1 basketball 2 stress 3 middle-class 4 the right foods 5 (frequent) headaches 6 clubs / private-sector extra-curricular activities 7 four (4) 8 letting down 9 the freedom 10 (free) play Photocopiable  © Oxford University Press

4

Adjective prefixes: extra, hyper, over, under 4 KEY

hyperactive; extracurricular; overindulgent; overoptimistic; overpopulated, underpopulated; overpriced, underpriced; hypersensitive, oversensitive; overstaffed; understaffed; extraterrestrial; overused, underused; overvalued, undervalued

5 KEY

a  hyperactive  ​b  overindulgent  ​c  hypersensitive  ​ d  understaffed  ​e  extraterrestrial

Unit 2 Review    page 32  1 KEY

1  magicians  ​2  known  ​3  variety  ​4  throughout  ​ 5  athletic  ​6  performance  ​7  dangerous  ​8  celebrity

2 KEY

a Could b didn’t manage c succeeded d haven’t managed e Can / Can’t f didn’t manage to / couldn’t / weren’t able to g could h succeeded

3 KEY

a  out  ​b  back  ​c  down  ​d  to  ​e  into  ​f  up

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 2 Answer Key

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5

Unit 3

Compulsion

Introduction    page 33  1

KEY

a The unit title Compulsion refers to activities that people can’t stop doing. The photographs show activities which people can get addicted to. d All of these activities are potentially addictive. Addictive behaviour has a range of consequences for the person whom it affects – for example on their health and, in the case of an addiction to shopping, their finances. Addiction often leads to a breakdown in the addicts’ relationships with family and friends.

2 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a Some people are thrill-seekers – they want to try out new things. Such people may do something once for the thrill, but may find they continue doing it until it becomes a dominant part of their lives because they become addicted, first to the thrill and then to the habit or drug. Even though they may not continue to enjoy doing it, they may be unable to stop. Certain people are genetically more inclined to develop addictive behaviour. Others may seek to use drugs to escape problems in their lives. b Education can play a big part in helping young people avoid addiction by making them aware of the dangers of certain activities and explaining why they should avoid doing things to excess. They should be made aware that there are alternative ways to deal with problems and / or better ways to experience thrills. Counselling services should be offered to those who are genetically inclined to develop addictive behaviour, and addicts should be helped to recognize that they have a problem and provided with guidance on how to change their habits or lifestyles.

Grammar (1)    page 35  Habits and typical behaviour 1 KEY

a  any time   ​b  any time   ​c  past  ​d  past  ​e  future  ​ f  any time   ​g  past

2 KEY

a Sentence 1 refers to a past habit, which is now over (I don’t do this any more). Sentence 2 refers to an ongoing habit (I’m accustomed to doing this). b Sentence 1 refers to an ongoing habit. Sentence 2 refers to a past habit that is no longer relevant. c Sentence 1 refers to an ongoing habit (I’m accustomed to doing this). Sentence 2 refers to a developing habit.

used to and would 3 KEY

a  used to / would   ​b  used to   ​c  used to   ​ d  used to / would   ​e  used to / would We can use used to to talk about habitual / regular actions or states in the past that are now finished. We can use would to talk about habitual actions in the past, but not to talk about past states.

4 KEY

Sentences a and c could take would as well as used to because they refer to habitual actions rather than permanent states. (Note: for sentence c would smoke means they smoked sometimes, e.g. at parties or after dinner – not all the time.)

Listening Part 4    page 34 

Grammar (2)    page 36 

Exam practice: Multiple choice

Countable and uncountable nouns

2 KEY

1  B  ​2  C  ​3  A  ​4  B  ​5  A  ​6  C  ​7  B

Over to you 3 Students’ own answers.

1 KEY

Countable: adults, things, parents, point of view, phone Uncountable: fun, sympathy, advice, time

2 KEY

Only used with countable nouns: many, a few, few, several Only used with uncountable nouns: not much, a little, little Used with both: all the, some, most of the, enough, a lot of, plenty of, no, none of the

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 3 Answer Key

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1

3 KEY

a bit of: advice, clothing, equipment, fruit, furniture, information, music, news, paper, research, luck a box of: clothing, equipment, fruit, paper a glass of: milk a piece of: advice, clothing, equipment, fruit, furniture, information, music, news, paper, research a sheet of: music, paper a stroke of: luck a word of: advice an item of: clothing, equipment, information, news

4 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

chicken: Each of the chickens has laid an egg. / Shall we have chicken or fish for dinner? chocolate: Chocolate is too sweet for me. / She bought herself a box of chocolates. exercise: I try to do exercise every day. / Swimming is an excellent form of exercise. experience: People learn best from experience. / I had a frightening experience last night. language: I’m very interested in everyday language. / My father speaks six languages. light: You can see light through the trees. / The car hasn’t got its lights on. noise: There is a lot of noise in the city. / There are many different kinds of noises. room: Is there enough room for us all? / The hotel has over a hundred rooms. time: I never have enough time. / How many times have we done this before?

5 KEY

Cupcakes are something mothers make for their children and are a reminder of childhood for many people.

Exam practice: Open cloze 6 KEY

Phrasal verbs 3 KEY

cut down: reduced turns off: disgusts get by: survive putting on: gaining light up: shine give up: stop (Note: hooked on is also a phrasal verb meaning ‘to be very enthusiastic about something‘.)

Phrasal verbs with give 4 KEY

a  4; 6   ​b  5  ​c  1; 7   ​d  2  ​e  3

5 KEY

a give (it) back b giving up on c giving away

d give in e giving out

Pronunciation 6 KEY

The main stress is on the particle in phrasal verbs. In threepart phrasal verbs the main stress is on the first of the two particles.

7 KEY

When a pronoun is inserted between the phrasal verb and the particle, the main stress is on the particle. When a noun is inserted between the phrasal verb and the particle, the main stress is on the noun. (Note: three-part phrasal verbs are not separable.)

Over to you 8 Students’ own answers.

1  a  ​2  like  ​3  to  ​4  all  ​5  used  ​6  back  ​7  would  ​ 8  into

Reading and Use of English Part 6    page 38 

Over to you

Exam skills

7 Students’ own answers.

1 KEY

Vocabulary    page 37 

a  5  ​b  3  ​c  1  ​d  6  ​e  2  ​f  4

1

Exam practice: Gapped text

KEY

The writer feels a bit defensive about the fact that the reader might laugh at him / her, proud that he / she has the addiction under control at the moment and also a bit smug that he / she doesn’t put on any weight even when he / she eats a lot of chocolate. He / she is also determined to keep up the addiction. 2 Students’ own answers. First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 3 Answer Key

2 KEY

1 G: With a negative addiction, on the other hand … contrasts with the previous section, which describes the effects of a positive addiction. 2 E: Steve, a personal trainer, used his work to mask his secondary addiction. This links with Whatever workout my client was doing, … . Photocopiable  © Oxford University Press

2

3 F: The thrill from the exercise is the thing, … links back to body image isn’t so central in the previous sentence. 4 A: five times the amount (of endorphins) links back to the body produces endorphins in the previous sentence. 5 C: the thrill can never quite compare with that achieved by taking drugs is followed by the example of Tony, who took drugs daily for almost a decade. 6 D: there’s an underlying unhappiness links with the sentence that follows: If they haven’t sorted out the reasons for this state … . Sentence B is not used.

c (Written prompts) Suggestions and a question to answer. d Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the suggested ways of getting people to stop smoking.

2 KEY

Vocabulary    page 40 

a Yes, they talk about them all to some extent. b Yes. The examples they give are: raising the price of cigarettes; raising the permitted age for smoking to 20; banning adverts which show good-looking people smoking and looking happy; health campaigns; putting health warnings on cigarette packets; anti-smoking campaigns in primary schools; offering medical alternatives such as patches that you stick on your arm or special chewing gum; electronic cigarettes. c The examiner ends the discussion by saying ‘thank you’.

Adverbs

3

Over to you 3 Students’ own answers.

2 Students’ own answers. 3 KEY

Four adverbs of manner: clearly, accidentally, dramatically, honestly Two comment adverbs: amazingly, fortunately Two focusing adverbs: even, only Two frequency adverbs: never, always An adverb of degree: really

KEY

a The candidates have to decide on two ideas that would be most likely to succeed in stopping young people from smoking. b one minute

4 KEY

They decide on a health campaign in primary schools, and a complete ban on cigarette advertising.

5

4 KEY

a Sadly, my sister failed her driving test last week. / My sister failed her driving test last week, sadly. b If someone sneezes, people often say, ‘Bless you!’. c I completely agree with you. / I agree with you completely. d I hurriedly checked my email before I left for work. / I checked my email hurriedly before I left for work. e Surprisingly, I found out later that you’d been trying to phone me. / I found out later that you’d been trying to phone me, surprisingly. f I only know his name and nothing else. / I know only his name and nothing else.

5

KEY

Function

early / on time politely / correctly / naturally / normally / responsibly quietly / politely / slowly remembering people’s names the Earth is flat a famous writer

Speaking Part 3    page 41 

Giving opinions

I think they should … I think … The other thing I think they should do is … If it was up to me, I’d …

Asking for opinions

What do you think? Do you think …?

KEY

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 3 Answer Key

Do you think that would make a difference?

Agreeing

OK That’s true. You’re right. You’re probably right.

Disagreeing I’m not so sure.

I’m not sure about that.

Expressing certainty

I’m absolutely sure that …

… it’s definitely worth a try, and we’ve got to try everything. Anything’s worth a try.

Giving examples

for instance

It’s like … … such as …

1

a Two minutes b They are on a committee which has been asked to come up with ideas for stopping young people from smoking.

From the recording Let’s take them … What about …? Shall we suggest …? What they should do is …

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a b c d e f

Example

Making How about …? suggestions I think we should …

Photocopiable  © Oxford University Press

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6 KEY

The expressions the candidates use are shown in bold in the audioscript below. See also the table for exercise 5.

Audioscript 1•17

Examiner  Now, I’d like you to talk about something together for about two minutes. I’d like you to imagine that you are on a committee which has been asked to come up with ideas for stopping young people from smoking. Here are some of the suggestions and a question for you to discuss. First you have some time to look at the task. Now, talk to each other about the advantages and disadvantages of each suggestion. Sophie  I think these are really good ideas, so let’s take them one at a time, shall we? Christian  OK. Well, for a start, I think they should raise the price of cigarettes. That way young people would probably smoke less. Sophie  We don’t want them to smoke less. We want them not smoke at all. If it was up to me, I’d raise the smoking age to twenty. Christian  Twenty? I’m not sure about that. You might stop young people from buying cigarettes, but if you did that, they would just get their older friends or even their parents to buy cigarettes for them. They do that now, don’t they? Sophie  That’s true. What about banning advertising? Do you think that would make a difference? Christian  Yes, it might. Seeing pictures of good-looking people smoking and looking happy must make smoking very attractive to some young people. Sophie  Yeah, so if we stopped them from seeing those images, it might help. Christian  The other thing I think they should do is have an advertising campaign to show people how smoking can damage their health. Sophie  They’ve tried that before, haven’t they, and they found it didn’t make much difference. It’s like the health warnings on cigarette packets which say things like ‘Smoking kills’. They don’t seem to stop people smoking. Christian  You’re right. I think they tried it with teenagers – and teenagers do all kinds of things that damage their health – and they don’t seem to care. What they should do is have a campaign in every primary school. Sophie  You’re probably right – it’s definitely worth a try, and we’ve got to try everything. Do you think providing people with alternatives would be a good idea – such as patches that you stick on your arm or special chewing gum? Christian  Anything’s worth a try. Have you heard about electronic cigarettes? Sophie  Yes, that’s a really weird idea, isn’t it? Christian  Yes, it is, but I know someone who tried them – and it’s worked quite well so far. Examiner  Thank you … Now you have about a minute to decide which two ideas would be most likely to stop young people from smoking. Sophie  Well, they’re all quite good ideas, aren’t they?

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 3 Answer Key

Christian  Yes, but we’ve already decided that raising the age when people can buy cigarettes won’t work, haven’t we? Sophie  Yes, they’ll just get other people to buy them for them. We need to think of a way of stopping young people actually wanting to smoke in the first place. Christian  That’s true, but the thing is that all the ideas have been tried before, haven’t they? Sophie  Yes, but something needs to be done, doesn’t it? Christian  You’re right – they’ve got to do something. Sophie  So, can we decide on two ideas? Christian  Shall we suggest a health campaign in primary schools and a complete ban on cigarette advertising? Sophie  OK! That sounds sensible. Examiner  Thank you.

Writing Part 2 – Article    page 42  Think ahead 1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a on the train / bus, in the bath, when they are relaxing, in doctors’ and dentists’ waiting rooms b It may depend on whether they are interested in the subject, whether the writing style is accessible, or on how well the article is presented on the page.

2 KEY

a Your favourite hobby; something you are ‘crazy about’. b First of all the editor of the magazine inviting articles, but in the end the readers of the English-language magazine. c Quite informal: the article is probably intended for young people – it is a light-hearted subject and the title ‘I’m just crazy about …’ is an informal expression.

3 KEY

a by talking enthusiastically about the subject from a personal point of view b Students’ own answers. c informal; personal; serious; yes d paragraph 3 e extreme adjectives such as: fantastic, terrifying

Creating interest 4 KEY

Essential features of an article title are a, b, d and e.

5 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a This title is quite bland, although it might attract someone who wants to start sky-diving. b This title is the most likely to make someone want to read the article, because it creates an element of

Photocopiable  © Oxford University Press

4

mystery. It gives no idea of what the article is going to be about, but suggests that it is something unusual. Readers may be curious to find out what it is about. c This title might attract the attention of people because of its conversational style. d This title suggests something that is serious, dense and possibly dull.

6 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a This is a less interesting opening sentence. b This sentence immediately engages the reader by asking a dramatic question. c This is less inclusive and so might not attract as many readers. d This might attract people because of its inclusivity.

Exam practice: Article 7 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a Scuba diving – opens up the underwater world; you can see wonderful animals and plants; keeps you fit; great if you love the water; takes you to interesting places; requires a ‘buddy’. b Reader is likely to be a youngish person who is interested in underwater sports. Style is quite informal. Introduction – brief introduction to concept of scuba diving and why I ‘always wanted to do it’. Paragraph 1 – nature: underwater world becomes open to the diver and the flora and fauna of the underwater world are fascinating and often new; travel to exciting locations. Paragraph 2 – health reasons, e.g. keeping fit; good for de-stressing. Paragraph 3 – social: you have to have a ‘buddy’ to dive with; dive in groups; meet divers in other countries. Conclusion – a reminder of how it all started, i.e. refer back to when I ‘always wanted to do it’.

Unit 3 Review    page 44  1 KEY

1  from  ​2  of  ​3  in  ​4  does  ​5  because  ​6  after  ​ 7  with  ​8  out

2 KEY

a  2  ​b  5  ​c  4  ​d  1  ​e  3

3 KEY

a  no  ​b  a little   ​c  None of   ​d  plenty  ​e  a few   ​ f  most of   ​g  a bit   ​h  a piece

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 3 Answer Key

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Unit 4

Roles

Introduction    page 45  1

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Top left to right: Teacher and student: an unequal relationship based on trust within an educational setting, in which the teacher has a duty of care to the student; the teacher has an element of authority over the student. Parent and child: an unequal relationship based on deep love and care; the parent has responsibility to care for the child. Husband and wife / partners: an equal relationship with joint responsibility as spouses / partners and maybe also as parents. Bottom left to right: Manager and employee / boss and worker: an unequal relationship; the boss has some authority over the employee. Friends: an equal relationship. Nurse and patient: an unequal relationship: the nurse has the knowledge the patient needs; the nurse has a duty of care to the patient. 2 Students’ own answers.

Reading and Use of English Part 5    page 46  Think ahead 1 POSSIBLE ANSWER

b A single-sex crew might miss the company of the opposite sex and the distractions they can provide, and a single-sex environment would be very unnatural. A single-sex crew may squabble without the balance provided by the other sex. There may be times when the women would benefit from masculine thinking patterns, physical strength and so on. It would be boring being in a single-sex environment. Children need both sexes to influence their development.

Exam practice: Multiple choice 2 KEY

1 C: The family has the kind of natural organization and motivation to deal with the tensions which are likely to characterize space trips … . 2 D: … spacecraft size is no longer the constraint it was, making it possible to take ordinary people such as midwives, electricians and cleaners. 3 A: Whenever colonization is done on Earth, it is always by people looking for a better life.

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 4 Answer Key

4 C: Starting with a population of childless married couples also works best on board a spaceship because it will give the initial crew a few years to adjust to their new surroundings without the distraction and responsibility of taking care of children. 5 A: Designing morals for people on such a fantastic voyage is problematic because people on Earth would have little influence once the crew was on its own. 6 B: Experts predict that such a space mission will take place within the next hundred years.

Collocations with have and take 3 KEY

a  have children   ​b  take care of children   ​ c  take the opportunity to   ​d  take place

4 KEY

a  have  ​b  take  ​c  have  ​d  take  ​e  having  ​f  have  ​ g  have / take

Over to you 5 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a Suitable people: doctors, nurses, midwifes, teachers, builders, farmers, scientists, etc. Personal qualities: determination, bravery, sense of adventure, sense of humour, ability to work as part of a team, etc. b Students’ own answers.

Grammar    page 48  The future 1 KEY

a  4  ​b  1  ​c  5  ​d  7  ​e  6  ​f  3  ​g  2

2 KEY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

I start / I’m starting ’re having / ’re going to have ’re going to start / ’re starting / start ’ll get up / ’re going to get up leaves ’ll stop ’ll drive / ’re going to drive ’ll take ’ll probably go ’re catching ’ll send Are you doing / Are you going to do

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1

3 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a I’m going to check his / her mobile phone messages. b I’m sorry, but I’m staying with my aunt and uncle then. c I’ll do the decorations if you like.

Future continuous and future perfect 4 KEY

a  2  ​b  3  ​c  1

5 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a This time next week I’ll be sitting on the beach. b By this time next year I’ll have finished my exams. c This time next year I’ll be living in Spain. d In five years’ time I’ll have started up my own company.

bound to / likely to 6 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a My brother’s likely to be working abroad / unlikely to be rich. b He’s bound to be looking for a better-paid job.

7 KEY

During the economic recession, many jobs disappeared from industries traditionally dominated by male workers. It may be that women, who traditionally work in health care, education and other service industries, will take the lead in the labour market.

Exam practice: Open cloze 8 KEY

3 POSSIBLE ANSWER

All the photos are of parents and their children. I really like the first photo because everyone looks so relaxed. The first and second photos are of fathers with their children, and the other two are of mothers with their children. They all show normal situations, rather conventional, although the man carrying the baby in the second photo may be a little untraditional for some people. 4 Students’ own answers.

Exam practice: Multiple matching 5 KEY

1  E  ​2  H  ​3  A  ​4  F  ​5  C B, D and G are not used.

6 KEY

a a bond between children and their dads – an emotional connection This bond may be different from the bond between children and their mums because it is usually mums who stay at home with children. b day-to-day care of children – looking after children in every way, every day: feeding them, keeping them safe, getting them up and ready for bed, nurturing them, changing their clothes, nappies, etc. c the main breadwinner – the person in the family who earns the most money Yes, there can be other breadwinners. d an emotional tie – a link between two people who have feelings for each other Other ties: family, professional, cultural, economic e he dedicated all his time to me and my sisters – he spent all his time on / his main priority was the speaker and her sisters

1  on  ​2  does  ​3  has  ​4  or  ​5  will  ​6  least  ​7  such  ​ 8  who

Vocabulary    page 51 

Over to you

Phrasal verbs with bring

9

1

KEY

a Students’ own answers. b The traditional thinking is that women are better in the caring professions – perhaps because they are used to acting in a motherly way.

Listening Part 3    page 50  Pronunciation 1

KEY

a  Bringing up   ​b  bring her round   ​c  brought about   ​ d  bring up   ​e  brought in   ​f  brought back   ​ g  bring down   ​h  brought forward   ​i  bringing out

2 KEY

a b c d

I find it very difficult to bring up … If I had the power, I would bring in … … always brings back … I think the hardest thing about bringing up children is …

KEY

adventurous  ​ conservative  ​ conventional unconventional  ​extraordinary  ​ fashionable  ​ imaginative  ​ normal  ​ strange  ​surprising  ​ traditional  ​ unusual First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 4 Answer Key

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Words with several meanings

Speaking Part 2    page 53 

3

3

KEY

a 1 2 3 b 1 2 3 c 1 2 3 d 1 2

WORK have an ongoing, positive effect function doing jobs KEY most important button (on a keyboard) set of answers INTEREST which are attractive rates at which money increases rights / concerns EXPERIENCE occasion / event / happening knowledge / skill gained through doing something for a period of time in the past 3 practice / doing things e MAKE UP 1 reconcile / make peace / forgive and forget 2 invent / think up / fabricate 3 comprise / form 4 Students’ own answers.

Reading and Use of English Part 4    page 52  Exam skills 1 KEY

KEY

a  almost certainly   ​b  probably  ​c  looks like   ​ d  could be   ​e  the chances are   ​f  I’d say   ​g  I imagine   ​ h  I guess

Writing Part 1    page 54  Think ahead 1 KEY

a Role models are most often people famous in their own field, like singers, actors and actresses, sport stars or even scientists or politicians. They can also be older public figures (like Nelson Mandela) or people who have achieved great things or made great sacrifices. b Role models have status, personality traits, etc. that others aspire to. They act as examples to show others what is possible. They can inspire people, particularly if they are ordinary people rather than people who were born into a privileged position.

Exam skills 2 KEY

a A topic sentence: has a clear topic; interests the reader; expresses the main idea(s) of the paragraph; is a full sentence. b Sentence 2 gives an explanation; sentence 3 adds information.

a  one  ​b  between two and five   ​c  yes, it does   ​ d  no, I can’t

3

2

a Not a clear topic – sensitive to or about what? An improved version might be: Parents need to be sensitive, especially in situations where they believe their children have chosen unsuitable role models. b Not a full sentence. An improved version might be: It has been claimed that the period from the early 1970s to 2000 is one which witnessed the end of the traditional family.

KEY

1 2 3 4

I were you, I ‘d been ages since I saw have been reports of flooding she didn’t agree with my

Exam practice: Key word transformation 3

4

KEY

1 2 3 4 5 6

KEY

get used to is believed to have caused more expensive to rent have given up it was / were up to me not bring it up

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 4 Answer Key

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Many celebrities owe their position more to good luck than to recognizable talent. If we want our children to become responsible adults, we should make sure they have clear rights and responsibilities from an early age. Most people today would agree that parents have the prime responsibility for the bringing up of children. Teachers should have a good knowledge of their subject, as well as having an understanding of the processes by which children learn.

Photocopiable  © Oxford University Press

3

5

3

KEY

1  h  ​2  e  ​3  a  ​4  b  ​5  g  ​6  i  ​7  d  ​8  c  ​9  f

6 KEY

for instance; however; the result of this; in the end; to begin with; in addition

KEY

a b c d e

brought up brings back bring round bring about brought up

Linking words 7 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

For instance: for example However: despite this; in spite of this The result of this: as a result; because of this In the end: ultimately To begin with: firstly; for a start; to start with In addition: also; as well as this; furthermore what is more,

8 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a For example, if they see their role models behaving badly, they may be tempted to imitate their behaviour. What is more, they may persuade their friends to act in the same way. b To begin with, they are usually well-educated and take their subject seriously. In addition, they are keen to help other people. In the end, however, they can only be successful if their students are willing to learn. c For instance, a famous person who earns millions but has no talent is not the best person to be a child’s role model. However, there are undoubtedly some celebrities who have talent, and they may make good role models.

Unit 4 Review    page 56  1 KEY

1 2 3 4 5 6

was suggested (that) I look / looked / should look been reports of clashes between couldn’t get used to ’s bound to get is believed to be responsible ’m unlikely to be / arrive on

2 KEY

a b c d e f g

will retire / will be retiring ’m going to cycle / ’ll be cycling ’ll lend you leaves will have worked / will have been working Are you doing ’ll have moved; ’ll be living

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 4 Answer Key

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Unit 5

Travel and culture

Reading and Use of English Part 7    page 58  Exam skills 1 KEY

a  2; 3   b  1; 3

Exam practice: Multiple matching 2 KEY

1 B: There is no conflict between tourism and travelling. Just as one may eat one day at McDonald’s and the next at a five-star Michelin restaurant, so one may both enjoy the beaches of the Costa del Sol and a trek through the Sarawak rainforest. These experiences are not mutually exclusive. 2 E: By contrast, tourists … bring cash in buckets. 3 C: In its heyday, such places throbbed with people and commerce. 4 F: They appreciate their genuine experiences so much that they resent sharing them. 5 A: Scarcely anyone has had a good word to say before or since. 6 F: The tourist is me. I feel no shame. 7 B: Looking down on tourists is snobbery … And it infuriates me. 8 D: with some initial reluctance, villagers embraced the tourism development – going to work in the new hotel, opening guest rooms of their own and running pleasure trips in their fishing boats. 9 C: But if they didn’t wander off to unexplored spots, and write and talk about it on their return, the rest of us would be in ignorance. Some readers were inspired to follow. 10 A: … the most noxious is the tourist … I sense heads nodding.

3 Students’ own answers.

KEY

1 2 3 4 5 6

Grammar    page 60  Past time 1 KEY

c past continuous d past perfect simple

2

had just had was working lived heard was sitting was going

7 8 9 10 11 12

had made refused held dropped looked missed

Vocabulary    page 61  Travel phrasal verbs 1

KEY

a past perfect simple b present perfect simple

KEY

Verb forms: a past simple; past simple past simple; past perfect b present perfect; present simple present perfect continuous; present simple c past continuous; past simple past simple; past simple d past simple past continuous e past simple present perfect The differences in meaning are: a In the first situation the play started at the time they arrived at the theatre. In the second situation the play was already in progress when they arrived – the play started before they arrived; it was an earlier past event than their arrival. b In the first situation the presents have been bought – the shopping happened at some time in the past and is finished. In the second situation the process of shopping began in the past but is still going on in the present. c In the first situation the speaker was in the process of crossing the road when he / she saw Adam. In the second situation the speaker saw Adam and decided to cross the road (to avoid / meet him). d In the first situation the passport application is complete and was finished ‘last night’. In the second situation she was in the process of filling out the passport application ‘last night’ (when something else probably happened). e In the first situation he is no longer a travel agent, but in the past he had been a travel agent for a period of two years. In the second situation he started working as a travel agent two years ago and is still working as a travel agent.

4

Over to you

a present perfect simple b past simple

3

c past simple d past continuous

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 5 Answer Key

KEY

a  3  b  5  c  1  d  6  e  2  f  4 Photocopiable  © Oxford University Press

1

Exam practice: Word formation

2 KEY

a  set off   ​b  checked in   ​c  see (you) off   ​d  takes off   ​ e  pick (a friend) up   ​f  stop over

Exam practice: Key word transformation 3 KEY

1 2 3 4 5 6

has been unemployed for n’t been abroad since last been ages since I had just set off leave until she had locked to get away for

Reading and Use of English Part 3    page 62  Think ahead 1 Students’ own answers.

Exam skills 2 KEY

a dissatisfied (Note: dissatisfied refers to people being unhappy, frustrated or disappointed with a situation, person or thing, while unsatisfied refers to the feeling of needing more and can apply to abstract concepts.); unsuitable; irregular; impatient; inadequate; inexpensive b inappropriate; uncomfortable; incorrect; unimportant; illegal; immoral; disobedient; irresponsible; unsuccessful; unsuitable c It is often possible to form the opposite of adjectives, or give the negative meaning of an adjective, by adding a negative prefix. However, there are no set grammatical rules as to which group of prefixes work with which adjectives; students need to familiarize themselves with which prefixes work with which adjectives through use and exposure. The most common negative prefixes used with adjectives are dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir- and un-. Others that are quite common are a-, anti-, counter-, mal- and non-. The prefixes im-, il- and ir- are, in fact, a variety of in and there are certain ‘rules’ that often apply as to when to use im-, ir- or il-. The rules are not set rules: • im- before words beginning with m or p, e.g. impersonal, immortal • il- before words beginning with l, e.g. illegal • ir- with words beginning with r, e.g. irregular Most compounds with non- are written with a hyphen in British English, but not so in American English, e.g. non-alcoholic (British English) and nonalcoholic (American English).

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 5 Answer Key

3 KEY

1  unbelievable  ​2  necessity  ​3  farming  ​4  fairly  ​ 5  valuable  ​6  inefficient  ​7  nearby  ​8  heating

Over to you 4 Students’ own answers.

Listening Part 4    page 63  Think ahead 1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Oysters: chewy, hard, slimy, slippery, smooth, soft Avocados: creamy, oily, slippery, soft, squishy Honey: gooey, smooth, sticky Oranges: juicy, slippery, smooth, squishy Locusts: crispy, crunchy, dry, hard, oily 2 Students’ own answers.

Exam practice: Multiple choice 3 KEY

1  B  ​2  A  ​3  B  ​4  C  ​5  C  ​6  A  ​7  B

Over to you 4 Students’ own answers.

Vocabulary    page 64  Think ahead 1 KEY

a It is not acceptable to leave even a tiny amount of rice in your bowl.

Words often confused 2 KEY

dishes; pair; raises Example sentences: These plates haven’t been washed properly; they’re still dirty. There were only a few couples on the dance-floor. The tide rises twice a day.

3 KEY

a  recipe  ​b  fast  ​c  junk  ​d  tap; still   ​e  savoury  ​ f  cook  ​g  menu; list

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2

Extreme adjectives

5 KEY

4 KEY

tiny

5 KEY

amazed: surprised boiling: hot delicious: tasty delighted: pleased exhausted: tired filthy: dirty

freezing: cold furious: angry hilarious: funny huge: big spotless: clean terrified: scared

6

a total agreement: Absolutely!; Yes, that’s a good point; I couldn’t agree with you more. total disagreement: Sorry, but I have to disagree with you there. b partial agreement: I guess so; I suppose so; I agree with you up to a point. partial disagreement: Not necessarily; I don’t know about that; I’m not sure I agree with you there.

6 KEY

a learning a language and working as an au pair b Students’ own answers.

7

KEY

a  boiling  ​b  big  ​c  spotless  ​d  angry; hilarious   ​ e  delighted  ​f  delicious

KEY

Giving an opinion

Personally, I’d ...

7 Students’ own answers.

Asking for an opinion

Would you? Why? Why would you …? Shall we agree …?

Speaking Parts 3 & 4    page 65 

Agreeing with an opinion

I think we more or less agreed; I think we both thought … I’d agree with you on …; That’s very true; I take your point; OK, you’ve convinced me.

Disagreeing with an opinion

I’d have to disagree with you on …

Over to you

Think ahead 1 Students’ own answers. 2 KEY

a learning a language b backpacking c working as an au pair

3

Exam practice: Collaborative task & discussion 10 Students’ own answers.

KEY

Giving an opinion

(Personally) I think …; If you ask me …; I believe …; In my opinion …; Well, I’d say …

Asking for an opinion

Do you agree? What do you think?

Agreeing with an opinion

I guess so; Yes, that’s a good point; Yeah; No, you’re right; I agree; Ah, right; I suppose so

Disagreeing with an opinion

Not necessarily

Writing Part 2 – Review    page 66  1 KEY

You have to describe and provide factual information about a hotel or guest house in your town so as to inform readers. You also need to evaluate whether it is a good place to stay at or not. This means you will look at positive and negative points and provide a recommendation.

2 KEY

4 KEY

Agreeing with an opinion

Absolutely!; I agree with you up to a point; I couldn’t agree more

Disagreeing with an opinion

I don’t know about that; Sorry, but I have to disagree with you there; I’m not sure I agree with you there

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 5 Answer Key

a Positive points: it has the advantage of being just a short walk away from most of the important visitor attractions; all the rooms have central heating and air-conditioning (it mentions also that air-conditioning is essential in summer); the delicious typical Turkish breakfast; amazing views of the Bosphorus river; the friendly welcome Negative points: if you are travelling on your own you will need to book well in advance if you want a single room; Luxurious it isn’t; steep stairs (and no lift) b Situated in the historic district of Sultanahmed, Turkey; four-storey guest house; family-run; offers a variety of Photocopiable  © Oxford University Press

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accommodation; need to book well in advance if you want a single room; all the rooms have central heating and air-conditioning; typical Turkish breakfast consists of eggs, cold meats, tomatoes and olives; breakfast is between 8 and 10 a.m.; the kitchen is on the top floor, where you have amazing views of the Bosphorus river; steep stairs; no lift c Yes, they have. d Students’ own answers.

Language of recommendation

3

a a package holiday: I wouldn’t recommend a package holiday if you like doing your own thing on holiday, but otherwise I would say they are good value for money. b a city: I recommend (name of a city), not only for its beautiful botanic gardens but also because there are so many wonderful outdoor sculptures. c a car: I wholeheartedly recommend an electric car as a way to decrease your ‘carbon footprint’ on the environment. d an airline: I definitely would not recommend a budget airline, because it packs the people in.

KEY

Adjectives: easy, popular, historic, short, important, fourstorey, family-run, single, best, delicious, typical, cold, Turkish, top, amazing, luxurious, steep, friendly Amazing could be replaced by: fantastic, wonderful, stunning, breathtaking

Evaluative adjectives 4 KEY

Positive: awesome, beautiful, breathtaking, brilliant, excellent, gorgeous, interesting, sensational, stunning Negative: appalling, awful, boring, depressing, disgusting, dismal, dreadful, dreary, foul, poor, tasteless, tedious, terrible, vile

5 KEY

8 KEY

The first sentence: It is easy to see why the Blue Mosque Guest House is a popular place for tourists to stay …

9 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

10 KEY

a hotel: airport shuttle; amenities; check-in / out; en-suite; room service; single / twin / double room a restaurant: à la carte menu; book a table; buffet; dessert; house speciality; self-service; set menu; wine list both: complimentary; make a reservation; staff 11 Students’ own answers.

a a view: awesome, beautiful, breathtaking, depressing, dismal, dreadful, gorgeous, sensational, stunning, terrible b a journey: appalling, boring, dreary, interesting, sensational, tedious, terrible c food: appalling, awful, disgusting, dreadful, excellent, interesting, sensational, tasteless, terrible, vile d the service in a restaurant: appalling, awful, brilliant, dreadful, excellent, poor, terrible

Unit 5 Review    page 68 

Compound adjectives

a 1 hadn’t rung 2 got 3 rushed 4 had left 5 found 6 was lying 7 had packed b 1 have ever ridden 2 sat 3 seemed c 1 happened 2 was travelling 3 was driving 4 was listening 5 was lying 6 had crashed

6 KEY

four-storey; family-run

7 KEY

a a three-course meal (Note: in compound adjectives with numbers the noun is in the singular and there are no apostrophes.) b a five-minute walk c a no- / non-smoking restaurant d overpriced food e handmade goods f centrally-heated rooms g locally-caught fish h a tree-lined boulevard i an all-inclusive price j a conveniently-situated hotel

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 5 Answer Key

1 KEY

1  where  ​2  who  ​3  were  ​4  as  ​5  well  ​6  there  ​ 7  but / whereas / while / whilst   ​8  of

2 KEY

3 KEY

a  over  ​b  up  ​c  in  ​d  off  ​e  off  ​f  off

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Unit 6

The mind

Introduction    page 69 

5

1

KEY

KEY

a ii (there are three shapes which are repeated; however, in the second sequence they are mirrored) b Kate is the richest. (Mark and Ann are equal. They are both poorer than Kate and richer than Jack; however, Jack is also poorer than Kate.) c & d  Students’ own answers. 2 Students’ own answers.

a  indecisive  ​b  confidence  ​c  self-reliant  ​ d  dependable  ​e  Pessimists

Grammar    page 71  Gerunds 1 KEY

Listening Part 2    page 70 

a  thinking 1; feeling 2, 4   b  eating 3   c  selling 1   d  recruiting and training 4

Think ahead

2 KEY

1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Character: personality and character will obviously influence a person’s choices in life and their ability to get on with other people and succeed. Education: standard of education is a factor in whether or not you get certain jobs, and this could have a direct influence on your success. How you use your education is most important. Intelligence: it depends on what kind of success in what kind of work you seek. Social class: this should not influence your success but does in fact often have an influence. Upbringing: this influences one’s sense of identity and confidence, so it can influence success. Wealth: like social class, this should not be a factor in success but sometimes is.

Exam practice: Sentence completion 2 KEY

1 2 3 4 5

just as important as 6 successful 7 emotional self-control. 8 two sweets. 9 a third 10

teenagers. higher IQ scores. optimism. recruiting and training pessimistic / pessimists

Over to you

a  Having  ​b  Remembering  ​c  Repeating / Saying   ​ d  Writing  ​e  Forgetting

3 KEY

a b c d e

at remembering / at memorizing of memorizing / of remembering in improving about having for reminding

4 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

be mad about, adore, love, enjoy, be keen on, be interested in, like, dislike, have an aversion to, can’t stand, can’t bear, detest, hate, loathe 5 Students’ own answers.

Gerunds and infinitives 6 KEY

a  to catch   ​b  to meet   ​c  changing  ​d  to be   ​e  losing  ​ f  to play   ​g  to lend   ​h  driving  ​i  to understand   ​ j  to buy

7 KEY

3 Students’ own answers.

a  A2, B1   ​b  A2, B1   ​c  A1, B2   ​d  A2, B1

Personal qualities

8

4 KEY

Positive: confident (confidence); dependable (dependability); self-reliant (self-reliance) Negative: indecisive (indecision, indecisiveness); pessimistic (pessimism) First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 6 Answer Key

KEY

a b c d e f g

to buy to announce opening / to open fidgeting / playing / reading / whispering, etc. agreeing eating leaving

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Exam practice: Key word transformation 9 KEY

1 2 3 4 5 6

can’t stand people interrupting arriving on / in time n’t good at remembering; no good at remembering arranged to meet John / him couldn’t afford to go regrets not finishing

Speaking Parts 3 & 4    page 73  Exam practice: Collaborative task 2 Students’ own answers.

Exam skills

7 KEY

The linked words in exercise 6 work together as expressions while the words in exercise 7 are each important in defining the vocabulary in one way or another. In fast natural speech we link words together when a word ending in a consonant is followed by a word which begins with a vowel. Note: • In the word ‘one’, the final ‘e’ is silent, so effectively the word ends in a consonant. • In a word ending in ‘r’, for example ‘far’ and ‘mother’, the ‘r’ is not pronounced except when the next word begins with a vowel, when it is pronounced to link the two words together. For example: My mother and father are in their fifties.

8

3 KEY

a Candidate A: many cities are huge; commuting on crowded trains and buses; traffic jams in cars; worrying about getting to work on time Candidate B: tensions due to living close to each other, e.g. working at different times; noise pollution b Candidate A: materialistic society is causing people to work more and more for the things they want; not doing the things you want or have to do enough Candidate B: multitasking for women; technology causing you to work all the time c Candidate A: cannot be too relaxed in certain jobs, e.g. pilots at take-off and landing, surgeons, air traffic controllers; cannot be too relaxed when driving Candidate B: should not be too relaxed during an interview

4 KEY

a b c d e f g h i j

Pronunciation

for several reasons; because as since not to mention one of the main reasons why Also For example for instance Not only; but also forget about

5 KEY

a a reason: for several reasons, because, as, one of the main reasons, since b an example: for example, for instance c additional information: not to mention, also, not only … but also, … and we mustn’t forget about

KEY

a First of all, because many cities nowadays are huge, people spend a lot of time just getting to and from their workplace. b People work and sleep at different times so there is bound to be conflict here.

Reading and Use of English Part 6    page 74  Exam skills 1 KEY

He refers to Volker Sommer. There refers to Nigeria’s Gashaka Gumti national park. The former refers to the chimpanzees. The latter refers to sticks. His refers to Volker Sommer. Their refers to the ants. This refers to the behaviour of the ants, i.e. biting to defend their colony. They refers to the chimpanzees.

Exam practice: Gapped text 2 KEY

1  G  ​2  A  ​3  D  ​4  B  ​5  F  ​6  C Sentence E is not used.

Over to you 3 Students’ own answers.

Vocabulary    page 76  Think ahead 1 Students’ own answers.

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 6 Answer Key

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Exam practice: Multiple-choice cloze

2 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

De-stress, eat healthy food and don’t eat for at least two hours before you go to bed, drink hot milk before you go to bed, have a warm bath before going to bed, try to think of restful things as you fall asleep, do enough exercise so that you feel tired at night, etc. 3 Students’ own answers.

Collocations

12 KEY

1  C  ​2  D  ​3  A  ​4  B  ​5  C  ​6  B  ​7  C  ​8  B

Over to you 13 Students’ own answers.

Writing Part 1    page 78 

4

Think ahead

KEY

1  soundly  ​2  face  ​3  deepest

1 & 2 Students’ own answers.

5

3 KEY

KEY

a  close  ​b  serious  ​c  hard  ​d  heavy  ​e  serious  ​ f  heavy  ​g  strong

6 KEY

argue passionately drink heavily listen attentively

sleep soundly think hard work hard

7 KEY

a  performing  ​b  acquire  ​c  say  ​d  making  ​e  chosen  ​ f  made

8 KEY

a  keep  ​b  catch  ​c  caught  ​d  put  ​e  keep  ​f  putting

9 KEY

do business with sb do the cooking do damage make a decision make an effort do exercises make fun of sb make a fuss do the housework do a job

make a mistake make money make a noise make a profit make progress do research make sb an offer make a suggestion make trouble do your best

10 KEY

a  does  ​b  making  ​c  made / make / were making   ​ d  makes / is making

11 KEY

Eight

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 6 Answer Key

It is probably true to say that most people believe that if they were rich they would be happy. The question is whether money makes people happy or whether there are other factors which contribute more to happiness. There is no actual proof that being rich makes people happy. In fact, evidence seems to show the opposite: some billionaires suffer from depression, and more than one lottery winner has regretted their win. (example) There are several other happiness factors we need to consider. People are important. (example) Human beings are social beings and we feel happiest when we are not alone. (reason) A stable family life and a circle of good friends are also important. (example) Work too can make us happy. (example) If we have a job which gives us a sense of fulfilment, this can also give us a feeling of well-being. (explanation) However, possibly it’s the simplest pleasures that bring us most happiness: things like reading a good book or walking in the sunshine. (example) In summary, in my view, money may bring us shortlived happiness. Long-term happiness depends on a combination of other factors which will probably vary from person to person.

Exam skills 4 KEY

a Capital letters for the first letter of a first, middle and last name: John Paul Getty Jr. Two commas to show additional information. Full stop / period to show the sentence has finished. b Capital letter for the first letter of a sentence to show that it is a new sentence. Capital letter for the first letter of the name of the day of the week: Saturday. Full stop / period to show the sentence has finished. c Comma to indicate a pause after Not surprisingly. d Colon to show that a list is following to further clarify the point made in the first part of the sentence. Commas to separate the different words in the list.

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e Capital letters for the first letters of key words which name something like a film or a prize: Slumdog Millionaire; Oscars. Capital letter for the first word of a new sentence: It … Apostrophe to replace the letter i in the contraction It’s (It is). f Comma to separate the two different parts of the sentence. Full stop / period to show the sentence has finished.

5 KEY

The American rock legend Kurt Cobain was born on February 20th 1967 in the state of Washington. He formed Nirvana in 1987 and the band broke into the mainstream with ‘Smells like Teen Spirit’ in 1991. Although he went on to achieve worldwide success, Cobain remained a deeply troubled man. Cobain’s problems started from an early age. His parents, who had a stormy marriage, finally divorced when he was nine. Cobain lived first with his father, until he remarried, and then with his mother. However, he did not get on with his new step-father, who he couldn’t stand. Having got into drugs when he was still a teenager, Cobain was never able to kick the habit. Tragically, he took his own life in 1994. He was just 27 years of age.

Over to you 6 Students’ own answers.

Unit 6 Review    page 80  1 KEY

1  actually  ​2  correctly  ​3  limited  ​4  knowledge  ​ 5  sensible  ​6  consistent  ​7  scientific  ​8  probability

2 KEY

a  to post   ​b  clearing  ​c  dealing; to work   ​d  to say   ​ e  using  ​f  to get   ​g  meeting  ​h  moving

3 KEY

a  soundly  ​b  strong; strong   ​c  severe  ​d  make  ​ e  heavy  ​f  came up with   ​g  strong

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 6 Answer Key

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Unit 7

Free time

Introduction    page 81  2 Students’ own answers.

Reading and Use of English Part 5    page 82  Think ahead 1 & 2 Students’ own answers.

Exam practice: Multiple choice 3 KEY

1  C  ​2  A  ​3  D  ​4  B  ​5  C  ​6  D

4 KEY

a blurring: becoming less distinct b merging: combining and becoming one c the economic ladder: the series of stages by which progress is made economically d Stone Age: the very early period of human history when tools and weapons were made of stone there’s no turning back the clock: it is impossible to go back to the past

Grammar    page 84  Passive verbs 1 KEY

a b c d e f

is being created: passive; present continuous are offered: passive; present simple will be changed: passive; future simple, will future are losing: active; present continuous have been blamed: passive; present perfect simple are sent back: passive; present simple

2 KEY

The passive is formed with be in the appropriate tense (present, past, etc.) and the past participle of the main verb.

3 KEY

a We / people are creating a phenomenon called ‘weisure time’. b … the internet offers many opportunities for that. c … what is disturbing is the idea that weisure will change us. d Our so called private life is being lost (by us) …

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 7 Answer Key

e … anger against the bankers and politicians who(m) we have blamed for our social and economic problems. f … unless a natural disaster of some kind sends us back to the Stone Age … The changes alter the focus by changing the subject of the sentences.

4 KEY

a unpaid volunteers b their (some employees’) managers

5 KEY

a Society / people in general perform the action. This is not mentioned because it is obvious / not necessary for the meaning of the sentence. b the internet c weisure d we (active sentence) e Society / people in general perform the action. This is not mentioned because it is obvious / not necessary for the meaning of the sentence. f a natural disaster of some kind

6 KEY

1 2 3 4 5

is guaranteed is located are furnished have are equipped

6 7 8 9 10

are reserved serve is included be booked is made / will be made

7 KEY

You will be met at Heathrow Airport and driven into central London by one of our chauffeurs. You will be put up in a five-star hotel close to Harrods, the world’s most famous department store. A luxury suite has been reserved for you on the tenth floor. In addition to this, you will be given £20,000 ‘pocket money’ by the competition organizers. This money can be spent as you like.

have / get something done 8 KEY

a The professionals. b The computers. This is a passive sentence, with the focus being on the more boring parts of some jobs. c This is a causative sentence where the focus is on the fact that professionals arrange or organize the activity but do not do it themselves.

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9 KEY

a This has a causative meaning: ‘he’ arranged for the tooth to be filled. b This has a non-causative meaning. This is something which happened to him, but he did not arrange or organize it.

10 KEY

a I had / got my hair cut in a completely different style by the hairdresser. b We’ve had our apartment repainted by a decorator. c I’m going to have my video repaired next week by an electrician. d I’m having my jacket cleaned at a specialist cleaner’s. e The council have just had the town hall rebuilt.

11 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a You can have / get your teeth cleaned, extracted, x-rayed, capped or crowned. b People go to the hairdresser’s to have / get their hair cut, trimmed, washed, coloured or dyed. c People take their cars to garages to have / get them repaired / checked or serviced. d You could have / get your hair cut or have / get some plastic surgery done. 12 Students’ own answers.

Exam practice: Open cloze 13 KEY

1  yourself  ​2  an  ​3  are  ​4  you  ​5  out  ​6  be  ​7  with  ​ 8  than

Vocabulary    page 86  Think ahead 1 KEY

A  football  ​B  tennis  ​C  golf  ​D  motor racing   ​ E  athletics  ​F  basketball  ​G  cycling  ​H  boxing

Sports vocabulary 2 KEY

Someone who plays football is a footballer. Someone who plays tennis is a tennis player. Someone who plays golf is a golfer. Someone who goes motor racing is a racing driver. Someone who does athletics is an athlete. Someone who plays basketball is a basketball player. Someone who goes cycling is a cyclist. Someone who boxes is a boxer.

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 7 Answer Key

3 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

football: football, football boots, nets golf: golf clubs, golf balls, tees motor racing: racing car, crash helmet athletics: starting blocks, starting pistol, running shoes basketball: basketball, basketball hoops cycling: bike, helmet boxing: gloves, shorts, gum shield

4 KEY

on a pitch: football on a course: golf on a court: tennis, basketball, badminton, volleyball on a circuit: cycling, motor racing on a (race)track: horse racing, athletics in a pool: swimming, diving in a gym: gymnastics, weightlifting in a ring: boxing, wrestling in a rink: ice skating

5 KEY

1  A  ​2  D  ​3  C  ​4  B  ​5  B  ​6  A

Over to you 6 Students’ own answers.

Speaking Part 3    page 87  2 KEY

a Candidate B thinks that karate is a way of keeping fit, but Candidate A thinks that karate’s like fighting, and most people he knows wouldn’t be interested in that. b Website designing and debating social and political issues.

3 KEY

a  probably  ​b  might  ​c  I’m sure   ​d  bet  ​e  don’t quite know  ​f  can’t imagine   ​g  I’m absolutely certain

Pronunciation 4 KEY

a 1 nine;  2 seven;  3 eight;  4 ten;  5 nine b They are pronounced in their weak form. (Note: in fast natural speech certain words are normally pronounced in their weak forms, unless we want to stress them, in which case we use the strong form.)

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Reading and Use of English Part 1    page 88  Exam skills 1 KEY

a  do  ​b  fear  ​c  capable  ​d  accused

2 KEY

Verbs: approve of sth; compare sth to / with sth; forgive sb for sth; pay for sth (Note: there is no difference in meaning between compare to and compare with.) Nouns: an awareness of sth; interest in sth; amazement at sth; enthusiasm for sth Adjectives: keen on sth; jealous of sb; late for sth; right about sth

Exam practice: Multiple-choice cloze 3 KEY

1  C heading   ​2  A prepare   ​3  D break   ​4  B worth   ​ 5  C top   ​6  D talk   ​7  A hesitate   ​8  B In fact

Listening Part 1    page 89  Think ahead 1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a rock, hip hop, folk, dance, pop, easy listening, reggae, trip hop b situations might include: (night)clubs; the gym; in shops; while travelling c reasons might include: relaxation; dancing; they might be studying music

Exam practice: Multiple choice 2 KEY

1  C  ​2  C  ​3  A  ​4  B  ​5  C  ​6  B  ​7  B  ​8  C

Over to you 3 Students’ own answers.

Writing Part 2 – Email / letter    page 90  Think ahead 1

c There are alternative cheaper, quicker and more convenient ways of contacting people: text message, phone, email, social networking sites. There are fewer occasions when formal letters are expected.

Exam skills 2 KEY

a The main purpose of the letter is to apply for a job. b Information should include details of the applicant’s relevant experience and suitability for this job. c The style should be rather formal, as it is an application for a job.

3 POSSIBLE ANSWER

The information included in the letter is relevant. This letter is an application for a job, so the style is appropriately formal.

Formal vocabulary 4 KEY

am certain: have no doubt chosen: selected give: provide job: post like the chance: welcome the opportunity lot of different: a wide range of lucky: fortunate need: require show what I can do: demonstrate my skills tell somebody about: express think: believe very interested: particularly attracted

Word building 5 KEY

a I would welcome the chance to tell you about my past experience. b I believe my written English is excellent / of the highest standard. c I could provide you with the names of two referees. d Please let me know if there is any other information you require. e I have a wide range of skills which are relevant to this work. f I have no doubt I would be suitable for this post. g If I’m lucky enough to be selected for interview. h I could come at any time which is convenient for you.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a job applications, complaints, enquiries, correspondence with professionals b Students’ own answers.

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 7 Answer Key

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Exam practice: Letter 6 KEY

a available time (10–20 hours a week) interest in paid holiday work experience of working with young people b The style would be formal. c, d, e Students’ own answers.

Unit 7 Review    page 92  1 KEY

1 2 3 4

unless I’m doing ‘ll be given instructions ‘re having our car serviced not worth being worried about / not worth worrying about 5 were out of order / were not in working order 6 took me five minutes to

2 KEY

a A middle-aged woman was caught stealing a bag of potatoes. b The manager of the store was informed and the police were called. c The police arrived and the woman was taken to the police station. d She will probably be charged with shoplifting. e This is not the first time the woman has been arrested. f On the last occasion, she was fined £200.

3 KEY

a b c d e

court; racket pitch; net gloves; ring course; club rink; skates

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 7 Answer Key

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Unit 8

Media

Introduction    page 93  1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Top left to bottom right: a Photo 1: computers offer access to all kinds of media – email, internet, radio, TV, etc. Wi-fi connections and internet telephone services such as Skype make computers one of the most effective means of communication. Photo 2: newspapers are still popular but less effective than they were in the past as a means of communicating up-to-date news and other factual information. The internet and social networking media are taking over the news reporting function of newspapers. Photo 3: tablets are getting more and more popular. They offer access to the internet, TV and all sorts of other possibilities. Tablet technology is developing extremely rapidly. Photo 4: despite the growth of modern technology, radio is still a popular communication medium, especially digital radio and podcasts (radio broadcasts on the internet). 3 Students’ own answers.

Listening Part 3    page 94  Think ahead 1 Students’ own answers.

Exam practice: Multiple matching 2 KEY

Speaker 1: G Speaker 2: E Speaker 3: F Speaker 4: A Speaker 5: C B, D and H are not used.

Over to you 3 & 4 Students’ own answers.

Grammar    page 95  Reporting statements 1

c ‘I’ll show you (my brother) how to do it tomorrow.’ d ‘We’re losing sales because people aren’t buying CDs any more.’

2 KEY

a The tense is generally moved one step back in time. b The reporting verb is in the present. Consequently, the other tenses have not changed. This implies that the situation is true in the present.

3 KEY

a She said she’d always found what she was looking for. b He said he was messaging his older brother who was in Thailand. / He says he’s messaging his older brother who is in Thailand. c She said it took her half an hour to get there on the bus and the shops were always really crowded. / She says it takes her half an hour to get there on the bus and the shops are always really crowded.

Reporting questions 4 KEY

The word order changes so that the subject comes before the verb, just like in an affirmative sentence. Have you got becomes (Mick asked) if they had and When did you order becomes (My friend asked me) when I had ordered. It is often necessary to change pronouns to the third person form (he, she, it and they).

5 KEY

We use if in reported yes / no questions. If can be replaced by whether: Mick asked whether they had the CD in stock.

6 KEY

a b c d

The girl asked him if he had an email address. Val asked Rob if / whether he used the internet. Nick asked me how long I had been interested in jazz. Rachel asked Sharon which of her old school friends she had contacted. e Julie asked Tim if he would like to contact people he had been with at primary school. f Juan asked Maria if / whether she could show him how to use the printer. g Ali asked his father if / whether he could take him to the station.

KEY

a ‘The information is almost always out of date.’ b ‘I once spent five hours looking for information.’

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 8 Answer Key

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Time references 7 KEY

a Lizzie told Ben (we don’t know which day) she would see him the next day. b Lizzie told Ben (today) she would see him tomorrow. Sentence b can only be used if it is used on the same day as when the original statement was made.

8 KEY

last week: the previous week / the week before next month: the following month / the next month now: then three days ago: three days before / three days earlier today: that day tomorrow: the next day / the following day tonight: that night yesterday: the previous day / the day before

Other references 9 KEY

a The determiner this changes to the. b The place reference here changes to there.

10 KEY

a Marsha asked Mr Hunt if the work had to be finished that day. b Mr Gilbert asked if / whether there had been any phone calls for him the day before. c The police officer informed Ian that the car had been stolen two weeks earlier. d Dorothy said (that) she had written to her the previous week / the week before and that she had phoned that morning. e Matthew said (that) he had arranged to meet them after lunch the next day.

Reporting functions 11 KEY

1 In sentence a, after told Bob, there is a complete clause: she was leaving the next day, which is a reported statement. In sentence b, after told Bob, there is an infinitive structure: to leave her alone, which is a reported command. 2 In sentence c, after asked Bob, there is a complete clause: why he had done it, which is a reported question. In sentence b, after asked Bob, there is an infinitive structure: to leave his keys, which is a reported request. 3 The infinitive is used. 4 The gerund (see g) or a complete clause (see h) can be used after suggest.

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 8 Answer Key

12 KEY

a b c d e f g h

‘Bob, I’m leaving tomorrow,’ she said. ‘Leave me alone, Bob,’ she said. ‘Why did you do it?’ she asked Bob. She asked Bob, ‘Can you leave your keys?’ ‘Don’t try and get in touch,’ she warned Bob. ’You should try and forget her,’ Alan advised Bob. ‘I think we should talk it over,’ she suggested. ‘You should leave,’ they suggested.

Exam practice: Key word transformation 13 KEY

1 2 3 4 5 6

warned us against swimming / warned us not to swim advised Pete against buying / advised Pete not to buy told Claire to take asked John if he could offered to pick Tracy up said (that) he would see

Speaking Part 2    page 97  3 KEY

a Language for giving reasons / explanations: the main reason … is that … b Language for giving opinions: I (don’t) think; to my mind; For me; In my opinion it’s; I’d say; I also think. c Language for talking about appearances: because of its size; the way it goes from the top … to the bottom; it looks so …; that guy looks …; … is a bit lost where it is.

Over to you 5 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a The advertisements are designed to appeal to the type of people who buy these kinds of products. Advertisement 1 is by Nike, a company that sells sports clothes and equipment, so it is designed to attract the attention of people who are interested in sport by showing a famous sportsperson in action. Advertisement 2 is for Gap, a clothing line, so it is targeted at fashion-conscious young people. b Both advertisements work by trying to get people to associate the product with certain qualities and values rather than by obviously encouraging people to buy the product. The Nike advert associates the brand name with the power of an American footballer in action; the Gap image, showing a beautiful, casually dressed young woman, associates the brand name with style and casual self-confidence.

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Vocabulary    page 98 

Exam practice: Word formation 7

Compound nouns

KEY

1  retirement  ​2  rioters  ​3  Certainly  ​4  pleasant  ​ 5  personal  ​6  elections  ​7  dangerous  ​8  predictable

1 KEY

a noun + noun b verb + noun c adjective + noun

d verb + preposition e preposition + verb

2 KEY

The first part of a compound noun gets the stress, i.e. the sound on the first part of the compound noun is longer and louder.

3

Over to you 8 Students’ own answers.

Reading and Use of English Part 6    page 100  Think ahead 1 Students’ own answers. 2

KEY

KEY

news editor: noun + noun crime rate: noun + noun break-ins: verb + preposition tourist robberies: noun + noun community service: noun + noun participation rate: noun + noun clean-up: verb + preposition

The writer feels sad but not surprised: I find this sad but not surprising. In the rest of the article it becomes clear that the writer feels that the disappearance of print is inevitable, and he recognizes that the changes in his own habits are contributing to it.

4

3

Exam practice: Gapped text

KEY

caretaker; computer programmer; newsreader; police officer; shop assistant; television reporter; university lecturer

5 KEY

a b c d e

mass media press conference eyewitness newsagent’s soap opera

f g h i j

current affairs talk show headline remote control foreign correspondent

Pronunciation 6 KEY

The stressed component of each compound noun is shown in bold in the audioscript below.

Audioscript 2•06

mass media press conference eyewitness newsagent’s soap opera current affairs talk show headline remote control foreign correspondent

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 8 Answer Key

KEY

1 B: The sentence Until quite recently … expands on the first sentence of the first paragraph … such an important feature of our everyday life. The next sentence presents a contrast to this status quo: Now, however, more and more people … 2 F: The sentence Like many others of my generation …, follows up the personal reaction, I find this sad … And the following sentence provides more information on the same subject: When I was a child, my father would … 3 A: The missing sentence, This is because I can find all the news and information I need, provides a reason for the information in the first sentence of the paragraph: Now I’m an adult, I hardly ever buy a newspaper. 4 D: The missing sentence provides an explanation for why people are buying fewer printed materials: For some people, it is simply more convenient …. The next sentence focuses on other people: Others, however, actually seem to prefer the digital format. 5 G: The missing sentence provides an explanation for the fact that companies are spending less on publicizing their businesses in newspapers and the following sentence provides further information on the same issue. 6 E: The missing sentence gives support to the writer’s view that print material will not completely disappear in the near future, and gives a simple explanation for this: Many people still prefer print for the very simple reason that … Sentence C is not used.

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so and such 4 KEY

Both so and such are used for emphasis. So is used before: • adjectives (e.g. so cheap) • many + plural countable noun (e.g. so many books) • much (of ) + uncountable noun (e.g. so much of their income) Such is used before: • noun phrases (which may include an article and an adjective, e.g. such an important feature)

5 KEY

a  so  ​b  such  ​c  so  ​d  so  ​e  Such

Connecting ideas 3 KEY

1  whereas / although   ​2  On the one hand   ​3  On the other hand   ​4  however  ​5  In fact   ​6  On balance   ​ 7  although

4 KEY

6 KEY

such a lot of people so few cars such hot weather such little ears

• celebrities would like personal information to be kept secret c The writer’s opinions are expressed in paragraph 4: the public has the right to know how celebrities live their lives, but celebrities should have some privacy and should be able to protect their families from the press. d The style is appropriate, in that it is formal.

so little time so many people so much money such tall buildings

Over to you 7 Students’ own answers.

Writing Part 1    page 102  Exam skills 1 KEY

a Start with a statement of the subject of the essay and finish with a summary of your opinion. b The best way of answering is by giving both sides of the argument. c Formal (essays are considered to be academic writing).

2 KEY

a Paragraph 1 states the two sides of the argument: the view of famous people and the view of the press. Paragraph 2 expands on the press’ point of view. Paragraph 3 focuses on the ambivalent position of famous people who want attention when they are not famous and privacy when they are. Paragraph 4 expresses the view of the writer. b The main points made in paragraph 2 concern the advantages of having a free press, from the point of the newspapers. The particular things newspapers claim the public has a right to know about are: • wrong-doings of celebrities (claimed to be most important) • how celebrities spend their money • celebrities’ love lives The main points made in paragraph 3 concern the disadvantages of a free press for celebrities, who argue that they have a right to a private life like anyone else:

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 8 Answer Key

a as well as (that), besides (this), what is more b by contrast, nevertheless, on the contrary c in conclusion, in short, on the whole, to summarize

Avoiding repetition 5 KEY

a b c d e f g h

famous people newspapers the points of view of famous people and newspapers celebrities newspapers famous people stars the idea expressed in the previous sentence: stars should have some privacy, especially to protect members of their families

6 KEY

a The first to refer back to the phrase two examples in the previous sentence b such actions to refer back to Some famous people take newspapers to court c They: the photographers she: the princess there: outside the nightclub then: on Friday night d their and They: celebrities

7 POSSIBLE ANSWER

Repetition makes writing sound childish because ideas appear not to be linked up in a way which demonstrates clear analysis. Writing with a lot of repetition may also result in a lot of short unconnected sentences.

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Unit 8 Review    page 104  1 KEY

1  B  ​2  A  ​3  C  ​4  D  ​5  B  ​6  A  ​7  D  ​8  A

2 KEY

Jayne said she was going on holiday the following / next day. Ben asked (her) if she was going anywhere special. Jayne replied that she was going to Australia and that she would be staying in Perth for a week and then going on to Sydney. Ben asked (her) who she was going with. Jayne replied that she was going with two friends from work.

3 KEY

a b c d e f

Ben: I’ve always wanted to go to Australia. Jayne: Would you like to go with us? Ben: I certainly would. Jayne: I’ll see if there are any places left on the flight. Ben: I’m not sure if I can afford it. Jayne: I can lend you the money.

4 KEY

a  so  ​b  so  ​c  such  ​d  such  ​e  so

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 8 Answer Key

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Unit 9

Around us

Introduction    page 105  1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Extreme weather conditions create difficulties precisely because they are extreme and so the human body has to find ways to adapt in order to survive. For example, extreme heat can make it difficult for people to work or sleep. It can create an increased risk of skin problems and some infectious diseases. Extreme cold can cause hypothermia so people have to wear many layers of warm clothes. Travelling can be hazardous. Some machines cannot work at low temperatures.

2 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a Flooding would probably affect more people because more people have their homes near rivers than in or near forests. Flooding destroys lives and property. Many people drown or are injured in floods. Sewage can come to the surface of streets and so on and this can cause illnesses. Mosquitoes and other such diseasecarrying creatures thrive in still, wet conditions. Homes and vehicles are damaged or destroyed. Electrical plants and other facilities may be disrupted. Fires destroy animals and plants. Many trees, which are so necessary for our environment, can be destroyed. b Flooding can be avoided by controlling the flow of water into rivers, and by the careful planning of buildings, taking their effect on the environment into account. Forest fires can be avoided by increasing restrictions on what people can do in dry areas, such as lighting camp fires. But sometimes the fires can be started by lightning, which is unavoidable. People can also try to avoid forest fires by building homes well away from woodland. Keeping strips of land free of trees in forested areas can limit the spread of a fire; and ensuring that there are adequate supplies of water to douse fires in high-risk areas can also help to limit the damage fires cause. Fire alarms, fire hydrants and so on must always be kept in good condition. 3 Students’ own answers.

Reading and Use of English Part 5    page 106  Think ahead 1

Exam practice: Multiple choice 3 KEY

1  D  2  C  3  C  4  C  5  B  6  A

Word building 4 KEY

compete: competition erupt: eruption (x8) evacuate: evacuation fascinate: fascination migrate: migration populate: population (x3) They are all formed with the suffix -tion, added to the root verb.

5 KEY

act: active (x3) danger: dangerous destroy: destructive

system: systematic volcano: volcanic (x3)

6 KEY

a  scientific  ​b  migration  ​c  systematic  ​d  fascination  ​ e  devastation  ​f  active

Over to you 7 Students’ own answers.

Grammar    page 108  Relative clauses 1 KEY

a which; which / that

b who / that

2 KEY

The speaker has one sister in sentence b. The speaker has more than one sister in sentence a. The information in the relative clause is essential in sentence a.

3 KEY

a  defining  ​b  non-defining  ​c  non-defining  ​ d  non-defining  ​e  defining  ​f  defining

KEY

a  2  b  3  c  2

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 9 Answer Key

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4 KEY

Vocabulary    page 110 

In sentences a and e, who / which can be replaced with that.

Think ahead

5

2

KEY

a  where  ​b  when  ​c  why The relative pronoun can be left out of sentence c.

6 KEY

The sentences with whom are more formal than the sentences with who. You use whom, not who, immediately after a preposition.

7 KEY

a Tornadoes, which are commonly known as ‘twisters’ in the USA, are a common phenomenon in the American Midwest. b Scientists and amateur tornado chasers alike flock to Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas in the months of May and June when tornadoes are most likely to occur. c Eric Rasmussen, who is a world authority on tornadoes, does most of his work here where 78% of the world’s tornadoes occur. d The scientists whose mission it is to find out more about tornadoes can only predict where they might form. e The people who / that go in search of the tornadoes often have a wasted journey. f The damage that / which a tornado causes can be immense. g One of the worst recorded events was in March 1925, when nearly 700 people lost their lives. h On that day the Midwest was hit by seven tornadoes, affecting an area that / which covered over 320 km. i Rescue workers found buildings where people had lived and worked completely demolished. j No one yet knows the reason why there has been such a big increase in the number of tornadoes in the last few years. Relative pronouns can be omitted in sentences a and f. (Note: in sentence a ‘which are‘ would need to be omitted.)

8 KEY

The farmers were more responsible than the weather for the devastation of the Great Plains. They dug up the grass, and this meant there was nothing to anchor the soil, which turned to dust during hot weather and was blown away by strong winds.

Exam practice: Open cloze 9 KEY

1  by  ​2  and  ​3  for  ​4  there  ​5  which  ​6  as  ​7  in  ​ 8  of

1 Students’ own answers. KEY

The article says that greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide) and tropical deforestation are to blame for climate change.

Dependent prepositions 3 KEY

consequences for; responsible for; leads to

4 KEY

agreement on; anger at; ban on; cure for; damage to; effect on; respect for; tax on; threat to a cure for c respect for b threat to d tax on

5 KEY

a  to, to   ​b  of, to   ​c  of, to, for   ​d  for

6 KEY

appeal to believe in complain about contribute to depend on

insist on invest in result in sympathize with

7 KEY

a b c d e

3 on each other for survival 5 to the destruction of the tropical rainforest 1 in recycling schemes 2 about pollution 4 with people who live near big airports

Exam practice: Key word transformation 8 KEY

1 2 3 4 5 6

a ban on cars to make an investment in be incapable of changing result in a saving of / result in you saving have a negative effect on is anger about / at / over plans

Speaking Part 1    page 112  Think ahead 1 Students’ own answers.

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 9 Answer Key

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2 KEY

a breezy; close; dull; freezing; humid; overcast; showery b cosmopolitan; bustling; dull; historic; industrial; provincial; sprawling; vibrant Other adjectives for the weather: cold, dry, hot, stormy, unpredictable, windy, wintry, etc. Other adjectives for towns / cities: busy, historic, interesting, sleepy, etc.

3 KEY

a See audioscript below for examiner’s questions and candidates’ answers. b Students’ own answers.

Audioscript 2•07

Examiner  Where are you from, Manoulis? Manoulis  I come from Athens in Greece. Examiner  First we’d like to know something about you. Clara, what kind of weather do you like best? Clara  I like hot, sunny weather best. Examiner  Why? Clara  Because I like doing things outside, like going to the beach with my friends or just sitting in an open-air café having a cola and chatting to them. Things like that. Examiner  Manoulis, how do you spend your free time when the weather is bad? Manoulis  If it’s cold and wet, I don’t usually go out. I stay at home and maybe watch a DVD, play my guitar or listen to music in my room. But if the weather has been bad for a few days, I’ll probably go out – shopping or to the cinema – ’cos I’ll be bored staying at home. Examiner  Clara, what’s your hometown like? Clara  I live in Barcelona. It’s a very cosmopolitan city. Parts of the city are very modern, but it also has a historic old quarter with narrow streets. You can find all sorts of small shops, bars and restaurants there. It’s a vibrant city with plenty to do and see. Examiner  Manoulis, how has your town changed in recent years? Manoulis  It looks much nicer than it used to because the local council have cleaned all the old buildings. And the town centre has been pedestrianized so it’s much nicer to go shopping there now. They’ve also built another multistorey car park so parking in the town centre is easier than it used to be. Examiner  Thank you.

Pronunciation 4 KEY

a DVD (rise), guitar (rise), music (fall) b shops (rise), bars (rise), restaurants (fall)

5 KEY

a eat (rise); TV (rise); homework (fall) b milk (rise); sugar (rise); rice (fall) c starters (rise); main (rise); dessert (fall)

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 9 Answer Key

Listening Part 4    page 113  Think ahead 1 KEY

a & b Students‘ own answers. c Air travel has a negative effect on the environment because aircraft engines emit noise, disturbing wildlife and natural habitats, and have high levels of CO2 emissions, which contribute to the greenhouse effect. The ways to reduce this are discussed in the audio and include improving the efficiency of airplane engines so they consume less fuel and also using alternative, more environmentally-friendly fuels. Environmental protection groups suggest that fuel should be taxed to make flying more expensive so that people will fly less in future: at the moment, flying is the fastest growing form of travel. They also recommend that governments should encourage people to travel less and choose alternative forms of transport.

Exam practice: Multiple choice 2 KEY

1  C  ​2  B  ​3  B  ​4  A  ​5  A  ​6  C  ​7  B

Travel collocations 3 KEY

board: get on disembark: get off land: touch down

4 KEY

a touched down / landed b disembark; board c get on; get off

5 KEY

disembark: a plane; c ship land: a plane touch down: a plane board: a plane; b bus; c ship; d train

Writing Part 2 – Report    page 114  Think ahead 1 KEY

a water heating: C cooking: A space heating: B

lighting: D appliances: E

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2 KEY

a False. Whatever type of light bulb you have, the rule is that the longer the light is on, the more energy it uses. The energy used to switch a light on and off is less than that of leaving it on, so switching lights off when you leave the room saves energy. b True. About 90% of the energy traditional incandescent light bulbs use is given off as heat, and only about 10% results in light. c False. Traditional light bulbs are much cheaper to buy than the other two. LED lights are the most expensive to buy but last much longer. Generally speaking, all energy-saving light bulbs last 10 times longer than traditional light bulbs but more importantly use up to 80% less electricity. d True. And it costs twice as much if you wash the clothes in hot water compared with washing them at 30 °C. e False. Modern energy-efficient dishwashers can use up to 35% less water and use less energy as long as you run them with a full load. f False. You can save up to 10% on your energy bills by switching these off at the plug. If left on standby, they use around 80% of their full power. g False. The screensaver uses just as much energy as when you are working, so if you are leaving your desk, e.g. for a meeting, the best thing to do is to switch off your computer screen (monitor).

Writing a report 3 KEY

Typical features of a report: formal language, headings, bulleted lists (but not always), suggestions, recommendations

4 KEY

1  d  ​2  c  ​3  a  ​4  e

5 KEY

a Yes, it is appropriately formal and informative, with a suitable format. It takes its reader into account in an appropriate manner. b Yes, it answers both parts of the question. c The headings make the report easy to follow, as do the numbered lists (although these could be better constructed as paragraphs).

b Shopping is done in out-of-town supermarkets by most people. c could

7 KEY

a If more solar panels were installed, less electricity would be used from non-renewable resources like coal, natural gas and oil. b Fast-food outlets should be obliged by councils to clear up the packaging that people drop. c One way money can be saved and the environment helped is by turning down the thermostat on your heating / by having the thermostat on your heating turned down. d Metal cutlery should be used instead of disposable cutlery, which is usually plastic. e Your tap water could be filtered if you don’t like the taste. f Your old computer shouldn’t be thrown away. It can be recycled by certain companies.

Unit 9 Review    page 116  1 KEY

1  D  ​2  A  ​3  C  ​4  D  ​5  A  ​6  C  ​7  D  ​8  B

2 KEY

Mount Vesuvius, which is situated near the Bay of Naples, is one of the world’s most famous active volcanoes. The Romans, who believed it to be extinct, built the city of Pompeii in its shadow. The violent eruption which / that took place in AD 79 proved them wrong. The eruption, which happened when no one was expecting it, has gone down as one of the worst in recorded history. It happened during the daytime when people were going about their daily lives. The remains of the 2,000 inhabitants of Pompeii who / that did not escape lay forgotten for centuries. When excavation began in the eighteenth century, the remains were found of a much-loved family dog whose collar bore an inscription saying that he twice saved his owner’s life.

3 KEY

a  in  ​b  at  ​c  to  ​d  of; of   ​e  to  ​f  on

Impersonal language 6 KEY

a … cars are used … Public transport is greatly under-used … fruit and vegetables bought are imported … have the food delivered … these would not need to be flown … All the above recommendations could be implemented …

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 9 Answer Key

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Unit 10

Innovation

Introduction    page 117 

Exam skills

1

4

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a The muffin tray is being used to keep things in; it would originally have been used to make muffins in. The suitcases are being used as a table; they would originally have been used to pack clothes in. The half tyre is being used as a plant box; it would originally have been a part of a car. The popcorn is being used to protect a gift; it would originally have been eaten. The jar is being used as a candle holder; it would originally have been used to keep jam and other foodstuffs in. The empty bottles are being used as decoration; they would originally have been used to keep drinks like wine in. b Students’ own answers. c Muffin tray: to plant seeds in / to keep earrings in Suitcases: to keep toys in Half tyre: as a swing / upside down as something to practise getting a golf ball through / to play croquet Popcorn: to make garlands with Jar: to keep buttons in Empty bottles: to paint and use as decoration / to make lamps

Reading and Use of English Part 7    page 118  Think ahead 1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

The armchair is made from bamboo, wood and rattan. The scarves are made from cotton, linen and silk. The cutlery is made from steel; the napkin is made from linen.

2 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

bamboo: furniture, garden walls, room dividers cotton: bandages, blankets and bed sheets, clothes, cotton wool, soft furnishings, towels linen: bed sheets, clothes, curtains, table cloths rattan: furniture sunshades silk: bicycle tyres (in the past), clothes, kites (because silk is very light but very strong), parachutes steel: cars, machines and tools, buildings, cooking utensils wood: boats, bowls, doors, furniture, houses, plates and cups, roofs, shutters, tools and utensils of all kinds

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 10 Answer Key

KEY

1  B  2  C  3  D  4  A

Exam practice: Multiple matching 5 KEY

1  C  ​2  D  ​3  A  ​4  A  ​5  C  ​6  B  ​7  C  ​8  D  ​9  B  ​ 10  D

Over to you 6 Students’ own answers.

Grammar    page 120  Wishes and regrets 1 KEY

a The past, but still continuing into the present. The verb tense after wished is could + infinitive. b The past. The verb tense after wish is past perfect negative: they hadn’t tried. c The present (and into the future). The verb tense after wish is past simple: was / were.

2 KEY

A wish about a present or future situation is expressed with a past tense. A wish about a past situation is expressed with a past perfect tense. Would or wouldn’t are used after wish to complain about a present situation. a conditional tense is used to express desire / want b conditional tense (negative) to express irritation

3 KEY

Sentence b with if only expresses the stronger regret.

4 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a I wish I had straight hair / earned more money / lived nearer the city centre, etc. b I wish I had travelled more / had had more confidence in myself / hadn’t given up piano lessons, etc. c I wish he wouldn’t always arrive late / would tell me when he was going out, etc.

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I’d rather and it’s time … 5 KEY

a When expressing a preference about one’s own action(s), one uses I’d rather + present simple of verb, e.g. I’d rather eat vegetables than meat. b When expressing a preference about somebody else’s action, one uses I’d rather + subject pronoun to refer to the other person + past simple of verb, e.g. I’d rather she waited till later.

6 KEY

Sentence a (It’s time the children went to bed.) suggests more urgency. It’s time + past subjunctive expresses that something should be done and that it is already a bit late. Sentence b (It’s time for the children to go to bed.) is less urgent. The right time has arrived for something, but we are still in time – the infinitive is used rather than the past tense.

recorded in a much more precise, quicker and cheaper way. It has also influenced entertainment in the form of film. Before the light bulb was invented, people used candles and fuel lamps for light. Its invention extended working hours and leisure time. Before the mobile phone was invented, you had to try and find a telephone booth which wasn’t vandalized and have enough change in your pocket or an appropriate phone card with credit on it. Mobile phones, and smartphones, have developed into very sophisticated devices, which have revolutionized the way we communicate with friends and family and also for work. Before the invention of the motor car, the most common forms of land transportation were by foot, by horse, or by train. The invention of the motor car has enabled people to travel more often and further, both for work and for leisure. Before the printing press was invented, books were written by hand. Printing has affected the way we live by enabling easier distribution of and access to information in the form of books, magazines and newspapers.

2

7

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

KEY

Exam practice: Key word transformation

A Rollers in a clothes wringer (or mangle): wet clothes are put between the rollers, which are turned so as to wring the water out of the clothes. B Handle on clothes wringer: the handle is used to press the rollers together so as to get water out of wet, washed clothes. C Microwave: used for heating or reheating food. D Kettle: used for heating water for hot drinks or cooking.

1

3

a  to go   ​b  met  ​c  had / got   ​d  told, told   ​e  took  ​ f  leave; did   ​g  tidied (up)

Reading and Use of English Parts 2 & 4    page 121 

KEY

1 2 3 4 5 6

KEY

wish you wouldn’t leave he’d remembered to send ’d left / gone to bed earlier she was / were as tall as only I hadn’t told ’d rather you washed up

The candidate only knows the word ‘handle’ out of the things mentioned in exercise 2.

Exam skills 4

Exam practice: Open cloze 2 KEY

1 2 3 4

ones / those / what could but to

5 6 7 8

they without one had

KEY

a b c d

washing clothes machines by hand get the water out of

e f g h

looks quite relaxed creative; improve nicer to do

5 POSSIBLE ANSWER

Speaking Part 2    page 122 

The candidates try to describe the item when they do not know what the item is called. Sometimes the candidates describe the function of the item.

Think ahead

Over to you

1

8 Students’ own answers.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Before the camera was invented, the only possible way of keeping images of anything was by drawing or painting them. Photography has allowed images of our lives to be

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 10 Answer Key

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Vocabulary    page 123 

Exam practice: Sentence completion 3

1

KEY

KEY

Products are sometimes named after their inventors. Sometimes they are purely descriptive – describing what something does or how something does what it does. Sometimes products are named by combining clever words or sounds together, or by using initials or acronyms. However, sometimes a name can have an unfortunate meaning in a different language, so this aspect of naming needs to be researched carefully if a product is expected to sell in that market. 2 Students’ own answers.

Adjective suffixes

6 7 8 9 10

neighbours household tasks more leisure time pleased functions

Over to you 4 Students’ own answers.

Vocabulary    page 125  1 Students’ own answers. 2

KEY

The adjective descriptive is related to the noun description and the verb describe. The suffix -ive is added to the root word. The adjective automatic is related to the noun automation and the verb automate. The prefix auto- means to work alone, without any person being involved. The adjective mechanical is related to the noun mechanic. The suffix -al is added to the noun. The adjective careful is related to the noun / verb care. The suffix -ful is added to the root word. The adjective disastrous is related to the noun disaster. The suffix -ous is added to the root word. The adjective speedy is related to the noun / verb speed. The suffix -y is added to the root word. The adjective reliable is related to the noun reliability and the verb rely. The suffix -able is added to the root word.

4 KEY

sticky useful, useless fashionable, stretchy creative, original protective, scientific, dangerous

Exam practice: Word formation 5 KEY

1 2 3 4

the television a foreign language difficult economic bread machines excitement

Think ahead

3

a b c d e

1 2 3 4 5

official costly worthwhile sale

5 6 7 8

unfortunately competitors refinements advice

Listening Part 2    page 124  Think ahead 2 Students’ own answers.

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 10 Answer Key

KEY

jigsaw family: a family in which two or more sets of children from previous relationships live together agritourism: holidays where tourists visiting a country stay with local people who live in the countryside chatterboxing: the activity of using a platform such as Twitter to comment on what you are watching on TV cyberbullying: the use of electronic communication to intimidate someone glocalization: the adaptation of products to suit local and global markets

Compound adjectives 3 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

labour-saving: device mass-produced: product home-made: cake user-friendly: instructions cold-blooded: person hard-wearing: furniture last-minute: holiday

4 KEY

a b c d e

low-fat spread / yogurt sugar-free chewing gum high-risk investment short-sleeved shirt part-time job

Pronunciation 6 KEY

well-educated hard-working open-minded quick-tempered self-motivated hard-headed / level-headed 7 Students’ own answers.

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Writing Part 2 – Review    page 126 

6

Exam skills

a b c d e

1 KEY

King Kong (1933, Merian C Cooper and Ernest B Schoedsack) was a landmark horror / action film. It used animation to create many of the scenes involving dinosaurs and the giant gorilla Kong. Jurassic Park: it was the first time that dinosaur simulations were able to interact with human actors. Also, the marketing costs for this film exceeded the costs to make the film in a way that had never happened before. Toy Story: the toys had personalities and volition of their own. The CGI effects were innovative.

2 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Early innovations in movie history include the use of sound, the first ‘talking’ pictures; early animation and the transition from black-and-white to colour film. More recent innovations include 3D technology, the use of digital movie cameras and combining animation with real actors. Movie-making technology is developing rapidly with ‘special effects’ in particular becoming ever more dramatic, and this seems likely to continue into the future.

3 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a Normally, a film review contains a brief synopsis of the contents of the story, without giving away the end, and the reviewer’s opinion of the film’s strengths and weaknesses, all of which are included here. However, a film critic often also comments on the performance of individual actors and actresses in a movie, which is missing from this review. b The review is written in an informal, chatty style. c The highest possible number of stars.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

predictable spectacular / stunning amateurish / unconvincing / wooden entertaining over-complicated

7 KEY

Books: author, chapter, plot, published, scene, series Concerts: choreography, conductor, lighting, orchestra Films: acting, cast, costumes, design, director, lighting, plot, released, scene, scenery, series, special effects, stunt, soundtrack Music: album, conductor, lyrics, orchestra, released, soundtrack, track Musicals: cast, choreography, conductor, costumes, design, director, lighting, lyrics, orchestra, plot, scene, soundtrack, special effects Plays: act, acting, cast, costumes, design, director, lighting, plot, scene, scenery, special effects, stunt TV: acting, cast, commentary, costumes, design, director, episode, series, special effects, stunt

Unit 10 Review    page 128  1 KEY

1  controversial  ​2  contribution  ​3  choice / choosing   ​ 4  announcement  ​5  latest  ​6  criticisms  ​7  traditional  ​ 8  argument

2 KEY

a  hadn’t lost   ​b  wouldn’t interrupt   ​c  could go   ​ d  had met   ​e  didn’t have, had   ​f  had applied   ​ g  left  ​h  got  ​i  didn’t bring   ​j  told

Evaluative adjectives 4 KEY

Positive evaluative adjectives in review: best, fantastic, magical, state-of-the-art, stunning, uplifting

5 KEY

Positive evaluative adjectives: clever, entertaining, exciting, first rate, funny, hilarious, original, spectacular, witty, wonderful Negative evaluative adjectives: amateurish, disappointing, dull, fake, over-complicated, over-long, predictable, unconvincing, wooden

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 10 Answer Key

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Unit 11

Communication

Introduction    page 129  1 Students’ own answers. 3 Students’ own answers.

Reading and Use of English Part 6    page 130  Think ahead 1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Top left to bottom right: 1  happiness  ​2  concern / interest   ​3  anger 4  thoughtfulness  ​5  surprise / pleasure   ​6  confusion 2 Students’ own answers.

Exam practice: Gapped text 3 KEY

1  B  ​2  G  ​3  F  ​4  A  ​5  E  ​6  D Sentence C is not used.

Over to you 4 & 5 Students’ own answers.

Grammar    page 132  Conditionals 0, 1 and 2 1 KEY

5 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

b If I have good news to pass on, I normally phone all my friends. c If someone has upset me, I buy myself something nice like a new phone app. d If I need a friend’s advice, I talk to my brother or friends I trust the most. e If I want to apologize for something I’ve done, I sometimes buy the person a coffee or a bunch of flowers.

6 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a If you play computers for too long, you’ll damage your eyes. (Type 1) b If you don’t go to bed earlier, you’ll be too tired to study. (Type 1) c If you lend me your car for the evening, I’ll take you out for a meal tomorrow. (Type 1) d I’d spend more time at home if the neighbours weren’t so noisy. (Type 2)

Conditional 3 7 KEY

If you had given (past perfect) me your number, I would have sent (would + has / have + past participle) you a text message.

8 KEY

Type 0: present simple, present simple Type 1: present simple, will + infinitive Type 2: past simple, would + infinitive

Type 3 conditional sentences are used to imagine different possible results related to a situation in the past which cannot be changed.

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9

KEY

a  Type 2   ​b  Type 0   ​c  Type 1

3 KEY

a  future possibility   b  imaginary / impossible

4 KEY

a If the situation arises (and this is likely to happen), the speaker in the first sentence is more sure of the desire to work abroad than the speaker in the second sentence. b If the situation arises (and this is not very likely to happen), the speaker in the first sentence is more sure of the desire to work abroad than the speaker in the second sentence. First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 11 Answer Key

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

b Sorry, but I would have contacted you if I had received your text message. c Sorry, I wouldn’t have been late if there hadn’t been a traffic jam. d If I’d known when your birthday was, I’d have bought you a present. e If we hadn’t got home so late, we could have watched a DVD together.

10 POSSIBLE ANSWER

If I had been Jill Frame, I wouldn’t have crossed the motorway. If I had been her, I would have waved to passing motorists until one of them phoned the police.

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Mixed conditionals 11 KEY

a The holiday has already happened. b They haven’t gone on holiday yet.

12 I wouldn’t be at university I’d be in the Caribbean now I’d be able to buy a new car I’d be earning less money today I wouldn’t have to work I wouldn’t be here today

unless, as long as, provided that 13 KEY

a Unless you work harder, you’ll fail your exams. b You’ll pass your driving test as long as you practise enough. c You can borrow my car provided that you buy your own petrol. d You can’t / mustn’t phone me unless you have some important news.

14 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

b I’ll never speak to you again unless you take back what you just said / apologize / say you are sorry. c I’ll lend you the money you need as long as you pay me back next week / promise to pay me back as soon as you have the money.

Exam practice: Key word transformation 15 KEY

1 2 3 4 5 6

2 KEY

a  3  ​b  4  ​c  2  ​d  1

3

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a b c d e f

Confusing verbs: hope, wait, expect, look forward to

in spite of the dreadful hadn’t gone off lend you my phone provided are responsible for cooking had I not worn / if I hadn’t worn enough marks unless you start

Speaking Part 3    page 134  Collocations with say, speak, talk and tell 1 KEY

a  speak  ​b  tell  ​c  speak  ​d  say  ​e  told  ​f  tell  ​ g  talking  ​h  tell

KEY

a waiting for d hope you’ll like b expecting e expecting c looking forward to getting f looking forward to

Showing you are listening 5 KEY

a The candidates say that volunteering is a good way to meet people, as you work with other volunteers who have similar interests to you and there is an incentive to get on with your colleagues. The fact that you are not working for money means there will be less competition. b The candidates say that you do not really know if someone is a friend until you meet them. You can think someone is a friend on a website but change your mind when you meet them in person. Also, social networking sites don’t help when you have moved to a new place.

Question tags 6 KEY

a  aren’t they?   ​b  do they?   ​c  don’t they?   ​ d  haven’t you?   ​e  aren’t you?   ​f  can’t they?   ​ g  doesn’t it?

Pronunciation 7 KEY

Intonation usually falls for question tags when you expect agreement and rises when you are not sure of the answer. a  fall  ​b  fall  ​c  rise  ​d  rise  ​e  fall  ​f  fall  ​g  fall

8 KEY

a 1 rise b A: falling c Sentence 1 goes with rule B. 2 fall B: rising Sentence 2 goes with rule A.

9 KEY

1  isn’t it   ​2  won’t you   ​3  are you   ​4  have you   ​ 5  wasn’t it

Listening Part 1    page 136  Think ahead 1 Students’ own answers. First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 11 Answer Key

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Exam practice: Multiple choice 2 KEY

1  A  ​2  C  ​3  B  ​4  A  ​5  A  ​6  A  ​7  B  ​8  B

Over to you 3 Students’ own answers.

Vocabulary    page 137  Think ahead 1 KEY

Describing someone as being skinny is not a compliment as it suggests they don’t look very healthy.

Positive or negative? 2 KEY

a  cheap  ​b  ruthless  ​c  fat  ​d  fake  ​e  gossiping  ​ f  hysterical  ​g  pricey  ​h  sneers  ​i  old

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3 KEY

a Yes b Students’ own answers. c Students learning English probably will find this article interesting because it describes common languagelearning activities. d Yes – it’s an informal, friendly style which is likely to engage the reader.

4 KEY

Phrases starting sentences: Believe it or not / What I want more than anything / What I’ll do now / It is because / The thing is / What has worked for me.

5 KEY

a Believe it or not, I got a grade A in the speaking exam. b It was because my spelling was so poor that I didn’t do very well in the Writing test. c For me, the most effective activities are group discussions. d What I believe is that we should pay more attention to correct pronunciation. e The thing is not to worry about making mistakes.

KEY

a  reserved  ​b  easy-going  ​c  curious  ​d  shy  ​ e  self-confident  ​f  serious  ​g  outgoing  ​h  intelligent

Over to you 4 Students’ own answers.

Writing Part 2 – Article    page 138  Think ahead 1 KEY

a Students’ own answers. b Openings should grab the reader’s attention in some way. The opening could: • gain the reader’s sympathy, e.g. Story 2, Introduction A • seem relevant or familiar to the reader, e.g. Story 3, Introduction A • raise a question, e.g. Story 1, Introduction B • promise interesting factual information, e.g. Story 1, Introduction A or Story 2, Introduction B

Unit 11 Review    page 140  1 KEY

1  than  ​2  Not  ​3  ago  ​4  the  ​5  whether  ​6  to  ​7  at  ​ 8  between

2 KEY

a  I take   ​b  we’d go   ​c  hadn’t  ​d  you bring   ​e  I’ll tell   ​ f  had accepted   ​g  you tell   ​h  I’d text

3 KEY

a  say  ​b  speak  ​c  speaking  ​d  tells  ​e  hope  ​ f  looking forward to   ​g  expect

Exam skills 2 KEY

a & b Students’ own answers. c Students learning English (This is mentioned in the task.)

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 11 Answer Key

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Unit 12

Society

Introduction    page 141  1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

The top-left photo shows a young person involved in doing graffiti. It illustrates a type of low-level crime which can be quite common, and which is often associated with young people. The top-right photo shows someone looking at a ‘final notice’ – this suggests that the person is facing financial difficulties and is possibly in debt, which can have negative effects on life. The bottom-left photo shows a person who seems to be homeless. Homelessness is a terrible problem as it is very hard for people to receive help from the state without an address. The bottom-right photo shows a young man looking at vacancies in a job centre, which is where people go to look for work. This photo illustrates a negative aspect of society: unemployment. 2 Students’ own answers.

Reading and Use of English Part 7    page 142  Think ahead 1 Students’ own answers.

3 KEY

1  B  ​2  C  ​3  D  ​4  A  ​5  E  ​6  C  ​7  A  ​8  E  ​9  B  ​ 10  D

Crime vocabulary 4 KEY

a  vandalism  ​b  drink-driving  ​c  mugging  ​ d  shoplifting  ​e  Hooliganism  ​f  burglary

5 KEY

a b c d e

has been robbed; was stolen being stolen ’ve been robbed stealing stole

Over to you 6 Students’ own answers.

Grammar (1)    page 144  Probability and possibility 1

2 KEY

A a b c B a b c C a b c D a

Exam practice: Multiple matching

KEY

a  might  ​b  must  ​c  could  ​d  can’t

Car theft, drink-driving, burglary, and robbery. A police officer pointed a gun at his head. He became an actor.

2

He vandalized property. His probation officer helped him. He became a US senator.

3

He used to get into fights. Teachers and counsellors helped him. He became a criminal defence lawyer.

He was a member of a gang and was arrested for attempted murder. b Being arrested was his wake-up call. c He became a corporate tax lawyer. E a He was accused of assault. b The judge sent him to an alternative school rather than jail. c He became a long-jump Olympic athlete.

First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 12 Answer Key

KEY

a  3  ​b  1  ​c  3  ​d  2

KEY

a  past  ​b  present  ​c  future  ​d  present

4 KEY

a have + past participle b be + -ing c infinitive without to d infinitive without to Other structures with similar meanings: must: probably, bound to might: maybe, perhaps, possibly

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5 KEY

a b c d e f g

could / must / might be; might not have been can’t have said can’t / may / might / must not have heard can’t have left must have got could / may / might have been wearing can’t have forgotten; may / might / must have happened; could / may / might have broken down h must have taken

Exam practice: Multiple matching 3 KEY

6 KEY

a b c d e

money for its own sake too much. People also spend too much these days on things they cannot afford and often don’t need. People are encouraged through advertising to want more and more items such as fast cars, big houses, clothes and expensive holidays. Banks often give credit too easily. These factors can cause people to get into debt or even to commit crimes. Worrying about money can also cause stress which can lead to problems within families.

in his own home late on Friday evening He was shot once in the head. money three

7 KEY

Simon Prince Relationship to Miller: neighbour Marital status: divorced Possible motive: money Bad habits: drinking, gambling Margaret McKenzie Relationship to Miller: housekeeper Marital status: married (husband in prison) Possible motive: disliked employer, money Bad habits: smoking Timothy Carlyle Relationship to Miller: best friend Marital status: single Possible motive: money, jealousy Bad habits: drinking

8 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

Speaker 1: G Speaker 2: F Speaker 3: A Speaker 4: E Speaker 5: C D, B and H are not used.

Over to you 4 Students’ own answers.

Grammar (2)    page 148  Think ahead 1 KEY

a If you add the first two figures of your age, multiply by the second then divide by the first … it won’t change a thing, you’ll still be a year older. b You know you’re getting on when someone gives you a cake … and you can’t see it for the candles. c The secret of staying young is the careful use of makeup … just make up an age and stick to it. The cards show that people often make jokes about getting older and that older people are teased about their appearance and their memory.

Somebody must have been drinking whisky because there are two glasses on the table and an open bottle. The murderer must have been a smoker because there is an unfinished cigarette in the ashtray. The murderer must have known where the safe was because the picture has been removed. The murderer might have been a man because there is a man’s hat left on the table, or the murderer could have been a woman because a woman’s scarf has been left on the armchair.

Articles

Listening Part 3    page 146 

Think ahead

Think ahead 1 Students’ own answers. 2 POSSIBLE ANSWER

Money has always been important as the means to buy and sell things, but nowadays people seem to value First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 12 Answer Key

2 KEY

1  a  ​2  0  ​3  0  ​4  the  ​5  the  ​6  0  ​7  a  ​8  an  ​9  0  ​ 10  The  ​11  the  ​12  a  ​13  an  ​14  a  ​15  the  ​16  the  ​ 17  0 3 Students’ own answers.

Vocabulary    page 149  1 Students’ own answers. 3 KEY

a every two years b over £600 million c everyone

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Exam practice: Multiple-choice cloze 4 KEY

1  D up   ​2  C get   ​3  C called   ​4  B for   ​5  A collecting   ​ 6  D part   ​7  A whole   ​8  B viewers

Writing Part 2 – Report    page 150 

g Not only was the sponsored bike ride very enjoyable, but it also raised a lot of money. h As well as offering a prize of a dinner for two, a local restaurant also made a donation to the school. i Although the school raised £500, it wasn’t enough to buy everything they wanted. j The director thanked all the students who had helped to make the event a success.

Think ahead

Unit 12 Review    page 152 

1

1

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

KEY

Ways of raising money: a lottery; sponsored events; holding a concert; collecting money; asking for donations; holding fêtes or fairs; charity shops; fundraising events on TV. a A lottery is likely to raise the most money on a regular basis, although a concert or an evening of fundraising hosted by celebrities on TV would raise the most in one go. b Collecting money in the street would probably be the easiest to organize.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Exam skills

A 1  The  ​2  0  ​3  a  ​4  0  ​5  0  ​6  A / The   ​7  the  ​8  a  ​ 9  the  ​10  the B 1  0  ​2  0  ​3  a  ​4  the  ​5  a  ​6  the  ​7  The  ​8  the

2 KEY

a formal b suggestions on how to raise money to buy books for the school c yes

was arrested for vandalizing he owed his success to to let his mother hit was interested in helping must have heard may / might not have wanted that the elderly keep / for the elderly to keep was such a popular event

2 KEY

3 KEY

a two: organize a sponsored race; charge an entrance fee for the next end-of-year show b Students’ own answers.

Complex sentences 4 KEY

As / Because / Since all the proceeds would go towards the purchase of books, I am certain our parents would be happy to contribute.

5 POSSIBLE ANSWERS

a You could collect money in the town centre on a Saturday, which is the busiest day. b We collected a lot of money, so the school was able to buy the books it needed. c In addition to buying books, they were able to buy a new computer. d Despite the weather being very bad, people still collected a lot of money. e As the show was a huge success, we’re going to organize another one next year. f Students donated both games they don’t play with any more and books they don’t read any more. First Masterclass: Student’s Book Unit 12 Answer Key

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