• Author / Uploaded
• api-273800861

Citation preview

Page 1 Cover Page Page 2 Intro Page 3-4 Inca Children Lifestyles Page 5-6 Inca Men Lifestyles Page 7-8 Inca Woman Lifestyles

Page 9-10 Food and Animals Page 11-12

INCA LIFESTYLES

Inca Kids Page 13 Final Quiz

By: Alayna Burns, Abbie Cheney, Savannah Dome

Page 14

The Incas had many different lifestyles. In this chapter, you will learn about the lifestyles of the Incan men, woman, and children. Each chapter

Conclusion

will include facts about their clothing, jobs/school, and information on their rank in the Empire. You will also learn about the food that they ate and the animals they cared for.

Page 15-16 Answer Key Page 17 Glossary Page 18

1 Works cited

INTRODUCTION Chapter by: Alayna Burns, Abbie Cheney, and Savannah Dome Welcome to this interactive Inca adventure. In this chapter you will find many sections based on the Inca daily life. What you will see includes; Inca Men, Women, and Children. Also you may find interesting and brain challenging quizzes at the end of each section, plus one big quiz at the end. “The children who lived in the Inca time, had bizarre rituals, obscure temporary names, differentiated skulls, and depending on your wealth, went to school.”- Inca Children Lifestyles

2

The Inca Children Lifestyles By: Savannah Dome The children who lived in the Inca time, had bizarre rituals, obscure temporary names, differentiated skulls, and depending on your wealth, went to school. Every child had a temporary name. This name was given to them by the eldest male in the family. When the child was born, the parents would cut a lock of hair, and trim the nails. Then, the parents would hide the hair and nails so no spells could be cast on the child. After that, the child would receive gifts and the eldest male of the family would give the temporary name to the child. The name would usually have to do with the day of birth. For instance, a name could be “Flowers near river” for a girl. The child will keep this name until they are thirteen, during their coming of age ceremony, they will receive their permanent name. (The Ancient Inca) The coming of age ceremony for women lasts a week and is much esteemed. These ceremonies were some of the most significant parts of the Inca culture. The mother of the girl would wash her, braid her hair, and give her new clothes or sandals. Then the girl must present and serve the traditional Inca food to many others Inca officials. These foods included corn, squash, beans, tomatoes, peppers, fish, and ducks. After that the girl would begin her fasting. She would fast for three days to A Working Inca Boy show that she is ready for her name. It was mandatory for a plethora of people to show up to any Inca ceremony. The young adult, after that, would get her permanent name from her most important uncle. (The Ancient Inca) The males coming of age ceremony lasts three weeks, and is much more elaborate than the women’s. New clothes were presented to the boy, and the people scarified a llama in his honor. Every day of the three weeks, the boy’s legs were whipped so he could enhance his strength. After the three weeks, the man got his permanent name. It was usually his father’s or grand father’s name. (For more information on the men’s coming of age ceremony, go to “Inca Men Lifestyles” paragraph five.) (The Ancient Inca) Depending on your family’s wealth, you went to school. If your family was higher up in the Inca culture, you got an education. If your family was a commoner, you worked the job you were assigned. You would usually work with your “Ayllu.” The ayllu is the other family that you were paired with. These families shared everything; belongings, land, homes, and the ayllu families usually have their children married together. (For more information on marriage, go to “Women Lifestyles” paragraphs one and two.) (Inca Empire Daily Life)

3

This is a deformed skull of an Inca.

As a child, your family or families, depending if you have an ayllu, would strap a board to your forehead and another to the back of your head. As the child’s head developed, the boards would make the skull grow to a point at the back of the head. The time of skull shaping varied between six months and three years. Also, the skulls could be almost two and a half times larger than they were originally. Even though the volume of the head didn’t change, the length does. Therefore, that makes the skull skinnier and go back farther. The Inca thought this was beautiful, and they became experts at the “art” of skull modeling.

However, children did have their skulls deformed, but not always. If you were born into rich or royal family, you were guaranteed to have a mangled head. On the flip side, if you were poor you could have your skull warped, but you probably wouldn’t. (www.hiddenincatours.com) The Inca rituals may seem irrational to us, but it was a vital part of their life and cultures.

QUIZ TIME! 1. True or False: The Coming of age ceremony for girls lasted three weeks. 2. Circle all that apply: The parents did what so their child could receive a temporary name:  Trim the nails  Clean the house  Cut some hair  Bathe the child 3. Open ended: An Ayllu was your other family, What did you share with them?

4

Inca Men Lifestyles Each man of the Inca Empire had their own story. Few were different, but many had similarities. There were two types of men, the Nobles and the Commoners. All carried bags and all had a ceremony when they were young. To begin, few children were born into a Noble society. The Nobles had their ears pierced when they were approximately 13 years old. The earring’s purpose was to misshape the earlobes of the Nobles. This would make their earlobes dangle to their shoulders by the time they were 20 years old. In addition, the homes in which the Noble men lived in were quit decorative. They were all around a plaza which was the best location for a house. They had slanted roofs and funny doorways. The Nobles would decorate their doors with anything shiny, especially gold. Also, they didn’t have to pay taxes like the Commoners. Subsequently, the Nobles had more to live for than the Commoners. Furthermore, the Commoners were not viewed as highly as the Nobles were and not treated as respectfully. To start, the men had to farm. They would work all day and the farms didn’t even belong to them. The Nobles owned their farms. They also had to pay taxes through labor and they shared a one room hut with their ayllu. “The ayllu was a group of families that worked a portion of land together.” Their huts had no furniture, only mats of animal skins for sleeping. If an Inca was found in their hut when they aren’t supposed to be, the village inspector would kill them. In summary, the Commoners were treated poorly compared to the way the Nobles were treated. The men’s style was the same except the type of fabric they wore. The common men wore long tunics. To pull the outfit together, they covered themselves in a cloak. The cloak would be draped over their shoulders and tie in the front. Their footwear was made from skinned llama. The Nobles style was the same excluding the fact that they had a richer fabric so you could imply on their rank. (See picture) The boys had a ceremony to prove that they were men. The boy was around 13 when their ceremony was performed. The ceremony would last 3 weeks. A comparison of Inca men clothing The young male was given new clothes to honor him. The ceremony Left: Commoner Right: Noble included a llama getting sacrificed. When the llama was sacrificed, the Incas would take the blood and rub it on the boy’s face. Also, they would whip the young boy’s legs every day to make him strong. Finally, they would receive their official names. Normally, their name would come from their father or grandfather. Overall, the 3 week ceremony was to announce young male coming of age. 5

In conclusion, the Inca men’s lifestyle was a unique twist on modern lifestyle. They would be ranked, and get a ceremony when they reach 13. Finally, they would have a distinctive style defining which rank they belong in; Noble or Commoner. Addressing the complicated life of the Inca men enhances our understanding of the Inca Empire as a whole.

Quiz 1. What did the men wear? __________________________________________ 2. The rich were called Nobles. TRUE FALSE 3. The boys had blood rubbed on their face when they had their ceremony. Did they have A. Cow Blood B. Llama Blood C. Human Blood D. Grape Blood 4. The boy’s ceremony was _________ weeks and they had to be _______ years old. 5. Who did the Inca Commoners live with? A. Goats C. Grape Farmers B. Soup D. Ayllu

66

Inca women lifestyles by Abbie Cheney Women were a very crucial puzzle piece to the elaborate Inca Empire. They had unique marriage must haves and culture. They also did jobs that were mandatory for the people, such as clothing they wore and made. These women had lots to live up to. A common misconception among the Incas is that they can choose their spouse like us, their marriage was announced by an Inca official you were always paired with someone you knew well. Disabled paired with disabled and the spouse would be from the same class as you. If you were a bride you would be around the age of 16-20 if you were a male, you would be 2025 years of age. The man and his parents would go the bride’s house and her family would give approval. Then they went to the groom’s house the bride would give him a wool tunic head band and then the marriage was celebrated by dancing, feasting and drinking. Their marriage rituals may be frivolous now, but it was essential then. (The Ancient Inca) Women, children, and men all had unique principles; marriage was one of those special intervals that had strict Inca followers. Men of a lower rank could only have one wife, the couple could do a trial marriage to see if the woman and man were right for each other or if they could carry on with the marriage. If the bride was not happy with the man then she could go back under her parent’s wing. No woman could marry anyone outside of her class, same with the men. If a thing like that does happen, it is very rare. Once they were married the couple were expected to collect food, cook and watch over the livestock. Once the woman gets pregnant she prays and makes offerings to the Inca god, kanopa. The Incas have very unique cultures, some are too elaborate to explain or even understand. (Women) A basket women collected food in

Women had very fundamental jobs that took place before and after marriage. Weaving shops were always run by women. You would almost never see a male in a weaving shop. Even though the shop were worked by women, the men usually over saw the clothing process. This job may be one of the most important job because clothing was high demand. Sometimes women would be isolated from others just so that they could make clothing. Women, like the Aztecs, would pick up jobs like a healer or a midwife. What they did then would now be seen as illegal street jobs. The women also were known to induce unwanted pregnancies these ladies would be outcast from the others and not able to reside near other women. Women could be a positive and negative influence on children and even other women. (Inca Women)

7

The Inca women had very special things to wear, they could be plain or simple, adorned or not its look was a very unique one. The article they that wore was a combined skirt and blouse. It reached all the way down to the ankles. It was bound at the waist by a long wide, woven and maybe ornamental sash. At the top it reached to the neck and the upper edges fastened together over the shoulders by long pins passing under the arms and at the sides. (Women) The outfits probably had the same idea for their clothing; however, the hair depended only on what group and social class you were in. Even though their outfits and hair was simple, it was still an Inca mystery uncovered yet again. (Inca Empire, daily life)

Inca women wore very modest clothing

The ladies of the Inca civilizations were a mandatory slice in the Inca loaf of bread. Without them the life the Incas lived would be possible.

QUIZ!!! 1: Women could “un marry” if they didn’t like their spouse TRUE~ FALSE

2: What did Inca women wear?

3: What were some of the jobs women did? (Circle two) A-Garbage girl B-Weavers C-Neck shaver

8

Inca Animals and Foods by Abbie Cheney In order to sustain the Inca empire, they used a plethora of animals and food to keep them thriving. Incas lived on fairly healthy diet, surviving mainly of nuts, leaves or seeds. Since they lived in the high mountains, they had animals who were very versatile to their surroundings. Many of their abstract foods are what they survived on, foods like the greens around them, or the seeds under their feet. They always found a way to use their recourses in a positive manner. As many of us now, we like sticking to one main flavor, bitter, sweet, sour or salty. The Incas however were all over the board. They appreciated sweet and bitter foods, which makes sense. The grasses, or seeds could easily go either way, sweet or bitter it depended on the seed. They had so many greens in the Inca diet, no one could write them Quinoa, a food Incas ate all down. One of the dishes was Chenopodium, it crossed as both a seed and a leave. Another food was quinoa it is a plant of high altitudes making it ideal for the Incas. The foods could have been put in soups and stews, toasted, or ground up to make bread or mix into condiments. Sometimes the life giving gems could be eaten raw, as an alternative for families who could not afford meat. Food is amazing now, but it was a vital ingredient for Inca civilization. Animals were also vital to the Inca life, they gave many resources and food to the Inca lifespan. One main food source was the Vicunas. It was a strategy to get this delicious meal, Incas would close in around it to kill it, you would have to be quiet, careful, and fast if you wanted a substantial meal on your table. However, since this was an Inca delicacy the Vicona’s numbers quickly dwindled down to about 12,000. Unfortunately, this animal only produced about one pound of wool per year! The lama pacos however, is a great source for wool with wool all over its body, neck and legs! This was use for coats and shawls. The Llama Glama wool is a great misconception, many think it’s used for coats, but its wool is far too course for anything in particular. Another Inca nourishment was an Inca A llama (llama glama)

9

Cuy, this was found in the Andes and was cooked up with roasted red pepper. It was added to small river rocks to heat it up much faster. The Incas also domesticated at least 3 dog, none were used for food though. Animals were extremely useful for the Incas, even if it was not used for food, everything had a purpose. Every food, and every animal was used to keep the Incas large population thriving. Even though the food is mainly seeds, nuts and leaves the spiced it up to be an elaborate concoction. The animals were great for food, and many other helpful tools.

Quiz!! 1: What were some foods Incas ate? (Circle all that apply) A: Quinoa B: Grapes C: Vicona D: Pinecones

2: What was vital to Inca life? A: Peanuts B: Unicorns C: Animals D: Food

3: Inca Cuy stands for bananas. TRUE~FALSE

10

Inca Kids Inca Word Search!!!

S

A

S

A

P

A

I

N

C

A

E

E

N

K

U

T

W

E

J

Y

D

M

C

I

D

D

X

R

A

L

N

G

P

E

U

B

L

D

M

L

A

U

R

E

F

Q

B

L

R

U

P

P

P

K

R

I

G

I

B

B

L

A

K

N

E

O

R

H

A

Z

A

M

A

L

L

I

R

C

I

X

L

D

U

K

O

I

N

V

A

M

E

K

A

X

C

I

D

V

W

S

ANDES

AYLLU

CHILDREN

EMPEROR

INCA

LLAMA

QUINA

SACRIFECES

SAPAINCA

11

12

The Final Quiz: 1. Who gave the girls their permanent name? 2. How did the Inca people find their spouse? 3. What is the difference between a noble and a commoner? 4. How did the Incas get their deformed skulls? 5. How did the Inca’s say these words: Llama and Alpaca? 6. What was the difference between a boy’s ceremony and a girl’s ceremony? 7. Name one main food source? 8. Why did the parents hide the child’s hair and nails after cutting them? 9. Who went to school? 10. Draw a picture of the women wore?

13

Conclusion In Conclusion, the Incas had a very unique lifestyle. Inca men, women, and kids all had unique ways of life and ideas. They each showed a different point of view to the diverse Incan life and how each went about doing so. Even in animals, and the food they ate you can see the Inca and their lifestyle. The way the Incas lived can give us a great deal of insight, what worked and what failed them. The society was with strict rules and strict classes. The men were either a commoner, or a Noble, the well-respected. The woman had many different roles in the Empire. They would either have the job of a weaver, healer, and midwife. Only the Noble Children would go to school, the Commoners would work with their parents. As you can see, the Inca lifestyle is very different from what ours is now. You may consider frivolous, but it was orderly back in the 1400's.

14

Answers page: The Inca children lifestyles •

False

•

Trim the nails

•

Ayllus shared everything; their homes, land, food, etc…

cut some hair

Inca men lifestyles •

Tunics and a cloak

•

True

•

B. Llama blood

•

3 weeks,

•

D. Ayllu

13 years old

Inca women lifestyles •

True

•

Combined skirt and blouse

•

B. wearers

D. healers

Inca Animals and Food •

A. Quinoa C. Vicona

•

C. Animals

•

False

15

Kid Zone Word Search S E D N A + + A + +

A E M + + + + M + +

S N C P + + + A + +

A + I E E + + L + +

P + + U F R + L + +

A + + + Q I O + + I

I + + + + + R R N +

N E R D L I H C + +

C + + + + + A + A +

A Y L L U + + + + S

The final quiz answers: •

Their most important uncle

•

An official matched them up

•

The fabric

• The children had boards strapped to their foreheads and back of their heads •

Llama is Lama Glama and Alpaca is Lama Pacos

•

The boy’s lasted 3 weeks while the girl’s only lasted 1 week

•

Vicona

•

So no spells could be cast on them

•

The children from a rich family

•

Drawings may vary •

Women’s cloths had a combined skirt and blouse

16

Glossary Approximately…………………………………………….. to come near to correct Ayllu………...………… a group of families that worked a portion of land together Concoction………………………….……………. A mixture of various ingredients Enhance………….……………………………….…….... to improve the quality of Essential………………………………………………………….….indispensable Frivolous……………………………………………………………..…not serious Fundamental…………………………………………………serving as foundation Imply……………………………………………. To indicate or suggest something Lama Glama………………………………………….………………………. llama Lama Pacos……………………………………..…………………………… alpaca Plethora………………………………………………….. more than what is needed Significant…………………………………….…… noteworthy or having meaning Substantial……………………………………………………….. large and of value Sustain….................................................................................................... to support Variation…………………………………………………………… varying in form Variety…………………………………………………………………… difference Vicona…………………………………………………..……………….Inca animal

17

Works Cited Calvert, Patricia. The Ancient Inca. Danbury, Connecticut: Franklin Watts, 2004.

“hiddencatours” www.hiddencatours.com 2014. October 8, 2014 .

“Inca”

food timeline 2 March 2014 2 Oct. 2014

“Inca Empire, Daily Life.” Ducksters. Oct. 2014. 2 Oct. 2014

Incan women 8 Oct 2014

“Pointy Heads and Dangling earlobes.” Mrdonn. 6 Oct 2014