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• Victoria Elizabeth Barrientos Carrillo

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Exclamatory Structures These structures help us to emphasize different parts of the sentence. In speech, intonation and pronunciation also identify the emphasis. 1. What (a, an)+ (adjective)+ noun...!

What What What What

a beautiful dress that is! (not: is that) nice weather! (not: a nice weather) a relief! cute puppies!

2. How+ adjective/ adverb…!

How beautifully she sings! How entertaining this show is! (not: is this show) NOTE: When we use the structures above, the sentence must be in the affirmative form and attention should be paid to the noun (whether it is singular or plural, countable or uncountable). 3. The negative- interrogative form.

Isn’t it a lovely baby! Wasn’t the film interesting! Doesn’t Alex draw well! Didn’t he give a brilliant speech! 4. Here/ There+ present simple (usually with the

verbs come and go) Here comes Mary! (not: is coming) or Here she comes! There goes our bus! or There it goes! NOTE: When we use a pronoun, we put it right before the verb but, when we use a noun its position is after the verb.

5. So+ adjective/ adverb! 6. Such+ (a, an)+ (adjective)+ noun!

Nick is so talented! or Nick is such a talented boy! The babies are so cute! or They are such cute babies! (not: so cute babies) She sings so well!! or She is such a good singer! It’s such a shame! They’re such idiots!

Emphatic structures We use these structures to emphasise a specific word or phrase in a sentence. 1. It is/was+ word or phrase we want to put

emphasis on+ who/that Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. It was Graham Bell who/that invented the telephone in 1878. It was the telephone that Graham Bell invented in 1876. It was in 1876 that Graham Bell invented the telephone. 2. In interrogative and negative sentences.

Who was it that invented the telephone? Is it Mary who is an architect or her sister? What is it that you wanted to tell her? Isn’t he a famous actor? Was it Bill who broke the window? Why is it that he’s not talking to us? 3. That’s what/ why/ where/ who

That’s That’s That’s That’s

why I didn’t come to the party. what I meant. how I got this job. where I hid the money.

In interrogative sentences: Is that why you didn’t come to the party? Is that what you meant? Is that how you got this job?

Is that where you hid the money? 4. what

I need some time off. What I need is some time off. or Some time off is what I need. 5. Do, does or did to emphasise a verb.

Imperative: Do stand up! Simple present: I do care about you. He does play the violin. Simple past: She did apologize for her mistake.

EXERCISES

1. Complete the sentences by emphasizing on a different word each time. example: Philo Farnsworth invented the television in 1927. It was Philo Farnsworth who/that invented the television in 1927. It was the television that Philo Farnsworth invented in 1927. It was in 1927 that Philo Farnsworth invented the television. John bought his wife a necklace. ……………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………….. Alexander Fleming discovered the penicillin in 1928. ………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… Mary saw Kate steal a dress. ……………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………..

2. Rewrite the sentences using do, does and did. a. Open the window! …………………………………………. b. I want to come with you. …………………………………………. c. Let me know if you need anything. ………………………………………….

d. He paid for the flowers yesterday. …………………………………………. e. Linda loves surprises! …………………………………………. f. They took us to the funfair yesterday. …………………………………………. g. Join us! …………………………………………. h. Kevin got good grades. ………………………………………….

3. Choose the correct answer.

Here…………the train!

a. is going b. goes

What…………furniture!

a. comfortable b. a comfortable

How difficult……………..!

a. is this exercise b. this exercise is

What…………dress!

a. beautiful b. a beautiful

There……………….!

a. goes Joan b. Joan goes

4. Tick the correct sentences or correct the wrong ones. a. b. c. d. e.

How sweet of you to offer your help! There our bus goes! Who was it invented the vacuum cleaner? How beautiful she sings! What lovely flowers!

f. Britney Spears is such beautiful! g. They are such good children! h. This is such brilliant idea! 5. Rewrite the sentences using “what”, as in the example:

I need some time off. What I need is some time off. or Some time off is what I need. I would like some tea. ………………………………………….. b. She wants to be alone. …………………………………………. c. They’ve got us into a lot of trouble. …………………………………………. d. Great effort is required to pass the exam. ……………………………………………. e. She asked me for my help. ……………………………………………. f. Nick likes chocolate ice cream the most. …………………………………………….. g. They had a soup for dinner. …………………………………………… a.