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., . . PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English

Part 2 Part 3 Part 4

For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

PAPER 4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking

Graphology is not a new science but it is being used increasingly by businesses to assist employers in the (1) process. Some companies have been using Question 1: Two of the options are often used in a military context; one option is often used when taking about a school, college or course; one is not generally used to refer to a process. The correct option means 'the process of finding new people to work in a business or organisation'. Question 2: Look at the words before and after the gap. The gapped word is part of an expression that means 'be very likely to get something'. Question 4: The options are somewhat formal words and some of them are not used often any more. The meaning of the correct word is 'in that way'.

graphology consultants for years to analyse the handwriting samples of job applicants or even employees who are in (2) for promotion. They claim that handwriting can reveal a great deal about a person's personality, and this is (3) , not only in deciding whom to employ but also which people can work together without friction, (4) contributing to a positive atmosphere in the workplace. By studying a person's handwriting, graphologists claim they can reveal personality (5) more precisely than is possible through a standard interview. A further advantage of handwriting analysis is that assessments are not affected by any personal (6) ,as the writer's race, religion and age remain unknown. 1 A employment

2 A standby 3 A expendable 4

A henceforth

5 A qualities 6 A biases

B B B B B B

recruitment track dispensable thereby attributes predispositions

C C C C C C

enrolment review priceless whereby traits partialities

D D D D D D

conscription line invaluable wherefore characters suppositions

Question 7: Which option is used to refer to a single individual or item that represents a group or class? Question 9: The options all have a similar meaning, but the correct one can be used to describe something that is hard to catch or find. The other options describe things or people that are hard to define, describe, see or touch. Question 11: The options all have a similar meaning, but only one collocates with 'on film'. Question 12: Three of the options can be used to describe a person who follows another person or trespasses on private property. Only one option can be used to refer to a hunting animal.

Scientists are excited by recent photographs of the world's largest invertebrate, the giant squid. Although (7) have previously been found in the stomachs of sperm whales or (8) up on shores, this is the first time that a live animal has been photographed in its natural environment. A team of Japanese scientists managed to locate the squid by tracking sperm whales, which are known to hunt these (9) . animals, in the North Pacific. They lowered cameras attached to a baited line to a depth of about 900 metres - so far below the surface that no light can (10) even during the day - and succeeded in attracting an eight-metre squid and (11) it on film. In fact, the squid appeared

to be attacking

the baited line.

For centuries this behemoth of the deep has been something of a mystery, with nothing at all known about its behaviour. Now it seems that the giant squid may be more of a (12) than was previously thought. A A 9 A 10 A 11 A 12 A 7

8

examples washed obscure probe seizing marauder

B samples B poured B elusive B pierce B arresting B prowler

C C C C C C

D instances

specimens drifted

D waved

indefinite perforate capturing predator

D D D D

intangible penetrate captivating stalker

ti I Ii Question 13: The correct option is used to refer to a feeling that something bad is going to occur. Question 15: Only one of the options can be used to describe hair that is thin and messy. The other options can be used to describe meat that is tough to chew, limbs that show strong muscles or a rocky mountain! Question 18: Only one of the options collocates with 'dust'. The other options can be used to refer to small patches or pieces of colour or paint, or microscopic insects!

With a feeling of dark (13) I returned the mirror to the shop this morning. Nonetheless, I was barely surprised to find the old woman was expecting me. 'You managed to keep it longer than the others: she said, as I laid my parcel down in the space she had cleared amongst the junk that (14) the table. 'Thanks for the experience: I said, 'but I think I'd better get on with my own life now.' The old crone smiled knowingly lifted the mirror up, presumably to see my face in it one last time: the dull, tired eyes and the (16) in

as she removed the string and newspaper and check it for signs of damage. I had the chance to same (15) blond hair with wisps of grey, my my brow that the events of last year had scarred

me with. As I turned to leave she put a (17) hand on my shoulder and said, 'You did well, Caroline. Remember it is better to reflect, not regret.' A chill ran through me as she flashed her toothless gums at me and opened the door. I turned and made my way out through the swirling (18) of dust into the bright sunlight

13 14 15 16 17 18

of the street outside.

A intuition

A A A A A

cluttered gristly furrows distorted flakes

B B B B B B

foreboding disordered straggly grooves gnarled flecks

C C C C C C

premonition jumbled sinewy tracks knotted motes

D prescience D muddled D craggy D troughs D warped D mites

PAPER 2 writing PAPER:3 Use of English

You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with childhood. For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

PAPER4 listening PAPER 5 Speaking

Question 19: It may appear that all of the options are correct, but read the first two paragraphs carefully. You should be able to eliminate one option straight away. Another option is true. in itself, but it does not really answer the question. A third option may confuse you, but ask yourself if the text actually says this.

The Importance of Play' I remember spending whole evenings playing outside with my friends, whatever the weather. Sure, there was some perfunctory attention paid to homework in the half hour or so of the day left before bedtime, but it was generally just consolidation of what we'd studied in class. Since then scientific stUdies have shown that play is more than just a leisure activity for children. Intelligence and aptitude tests have demonstrated that not only is play fundamental to learning and developing skills, it is also a means by which the brain can grow, facilitating its own capacity to learn, create and think. That is why it saddens me to read that yet another piece of research indicates that our children don't play nearly enough. Children's literacy scores are in decline, their verbal skills are atrocious and they lack imagination and creativity. Is it any coincidence that so many also suffer from obesity and poor health and find it harder to make friends? We urge them to spend longer at their homework, but the sad truth is that by not playing, their capacity for learning is grievously curtailed, no matter how rigorous their academic drive. With the current focus on schoolwork, children are missing out on a key part of their development - and a great deal of fun.

19 According to the text, play is important because A it consolidates what is learned in class. B it is a fun way of spending free time. C it ensures proper cerebral development. D it improves intellectual performance.

20 Children who study but don't play A are less able to assimilate what they are taught. B will only improve their aptitude at spelling. C suffer from a variety of eating disorders. D find it harder to develop socially.

Ii

5

Question 21: Underline words in the text that refer to the place the children are exploring. The type of place may not be stated explicitly, but there is enough information in the text to enable you to eliminate the incorrect options and choose the correct one!

The Dare I was beginning to wish I'd never dared him to go inside. He must've been gone about five minutes by my reckoning, but I'd got muddled counting. There was nothing for it but to go in after him. I inched cautiously towards the splintered black hole in front of me, halfsquatting in the moon-cast shadows until I reached the doorstep. With all the courage I could muster, I peered inside. My imagination was too busy filling the shadows with ghouls and spectres to register the stark decaying grandeur of the place. All I could hear was my own personal bogeyman chasing me - a thumping sound in my ears that only years later did I realise was actually my pulse. I opened my mouth to call Timmy's name, convinced now that they had got him and whisked him off to wherever it was they spent the daylight hours, but my mouth was so dry that nothing came out. As my eyes adjusted to the gloom, my eight-year-old mind was already in conflict with my body, my muscles battling against a primordial instinct to turn, run, go back the way I'd come. 'Timmy!' I croaked. I waited, but it didn't look as if anyone was going to favour me with an answer.

21 The children seem to be exploring A an enormous cave. B a tumbledown shack. C a derelict mansion. D a disused mineshaft.

22 The writer thought that Timmy A had been caught by the authorities. B had been abducted by ghosts. C had been devoured by wild animals. D was hiding in the darkness.

s e Ii ~ tips Question 23: It may look as if several of the options are correct, but do they complete the question stem correctly? Read the text carefully for clues as to why the writer was beginning to feel frustrated.

A I remember

DAy

AT

PlAYGROUP

a day when I was confronted

been having a difficult

morning.

by a five-year-old

I had asked the children

to clear

away their painting things and a few were being delightfully about it in the exuberant

way that children

told several times nonetheless. determined

articulate

have, but a few had to be

One girl in particular

not to hear me. I approached

who had

seemed

her and gently said, 'Sylvia,

could you put away your paints now please?' She stopped what she was doing and screamed at me at the top of her voice: 'Go away!' I was taken aback and the other children wide with alarm, they watched However,

were shocked. Their eyes

me, anticipating

my reaction.

( realised that the child probably had to express her

feelings at that moment, her anger would

as we all do from time to time. Bottling up

have caused more problems.

She might have taken

it out on another child later on, or she might grow up feeling that society was treating

her unjustly.

I took a deep breath and said: '(

know how you feel! I've been wanting

to say that to you lot all day

too. Now, why don't we all go outside and play, and then we'll feel better.'

23 The writer was beginning to feel exasperated because some children A were being aggressive. B were ignoring her commands. C were making too much noise. D were taking too long to put away their things.

24 The writer decided not to punish Sylvia because she A B C D

didn't want the child to dislike her. felt intimidated by the child's attitude. didn't want other children to see her being punished. thought it would ultimately be detrimental to the child.

ere are two to think about ~ 3 I. what does the -:3 ? Secondly, why e text? The --3 second question __ =~oose the correct

Evolution and children If we are asked to envisage an archetypal human being, the picture that comes into our minds may be male 0): female. It may be black, white or yellow, but it will almost certainly be an adult. We take it for granted that adulthood is the meaningful part of our existence, and everything prior to it is merely preparation. The old adage quoted by Samuel Butler is often cited but has not yet been fully assimilated: 'A hen is an egg's way of making another egg.' It is very difficult for any of us to think of ourselves as a baby's way of making another baby. So there is a tendency in discussions about human evolution to overlook the fact that at every step of the journey there were not only males and females, but also babies, infants and children, and natural selection would never have favoured one age group at too great a cost to any of the others. Regarding children as smaller, imperfect copies of ourselves, we explain much of their behaviour in the way we explain the rough-andtumble play of cubs and kittens, calling it 'preparation for adult life' or 'developing the skills that they will later need.' That is strange, because it is one of the inviolable tenets of evolutionary theory that what an animal is or does is governed by events that have happened, not events that are going to happen. Only in describing the young is it acceptable to believe that a mammal's behaviour is governed by the future that awaits it, rather than the history that lies behind it.

25 The quotation by Samuel Butler is used to demonstrate that A we do not appreciate the role childhood plays in our evolution. S other animals have similar developmental patterns to human beings. C we often give paradoxical examples to justify our points. D we consider childhood to be a necessary part of our lifecycle.

26 According to the writer, it is strange to assume that childhood is 'preparation for adult life' because A the young of many animal species play in order to develop. S children are not mature enough to understand their needs. C an animal's behaviour is determined by its species' past. D the behaviour of some animals influences their evolution in the future.

2PAPER3 Use of English

You are going to read an article about species loss. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

PAPER4 listening PAPER5 Speaking

Ringing the Alarm for -Earth Peter Raven is a botanist. He knows about photosynthesis, primary productivity and sustainable growth. He knows that all flesh is grass; that the richest humans and the hungriest alike depend ultimately on plants for food, fuel, clothing, medicines and shelter, and that all of these come from the kiss of the sun on warm moist soils, to quicken growth and ripen grain.

[E]~

_

The global population is about to soar from six billion to nine billion in less than a lifetime. Around 800 million humans are starving, and maybe two billion are malnourished, while three billion survive on two dollars a day.

~-----------By many, Raven means perhaps half to two thirds of all the other species on the planet in the next 100 years. There could be ten million different kinds of fern, fungus, flowering plant, arthropod, amphibian, reptile, bird, fish and mammal on Earth. Nobody knows. People such as Raven, director of the Missouri Botanic Gardens in St Louis, are doing their best to count and preserve them.

[3!J~

_

Some of these organisms are now being chased to oblivion by human population growth at levels that ecosystems cannot sustain.

~-----------There are ways of confirming species loss, even if it cannot be established how many species there were in the first place. Look at the vertebrates and molluscs in fossil records, Raven says, just for the past sixty-five million years or so. 'You find that the average life of a species is

two to three million years and you get about one species per million becoming extinct per year in the fossil record. Those particular groups are a small sample, but they are a real sample,' he says.

Q!J_----------That works out at hundreds of creatures per year over the past four centuries, and even more when humans, rats and other invaders started colonising islands: 2,000 species have vanished from the Pacific basin alone since the Polynesians got there 1,200 years ago.

CEJ

_

There are various wild creatures that get along with humans and follow them everywhere: cockroaches, fleas, ticks, rats, cats, pigs, cattle, scavenger birds, lusty weeds. These invade little islands of ancient biodiversity, take over, and see the natives off the premises. And not just islands: one third of all endangered plants in the continental US are threatened because of alien invaders, Raven says. In Hawaii, it is 100 percent.

CEJ

_

Ecosystems are not static. They change, naturally. They burn, are grazed or browsed, they regenerate, flood and silt up. But left to themselves, they go on providing services that humans and other creatures value. A mangrove swamp provides a habitat for shrimps. It cannot be improved by draining it for a tourist beach, or building a large city on it. Its natural value would be dissipated. 'An ecosystem itself undamaged is very, very resilient, and the more simplified it gets, the less resilient. Globally, what we are doing is simplifying them all, simultaneously, which is a very dangerous large-scale experiment,' Raven says.

A Ecosystems, Raven says, can be whatever you like. Hedgerows in Hampshire are an ecosystem; so are weeds on a railway line at Hammersmith. Savannahs, grasslands, prairies, rainforests, dry forests, pine forests, uplands, heathlands, downlands, wetlands, mangrove swamps, estuaries, oxbow lakes and coral reefs are all ecosystems, and they survive on diversity. The greater the variety of microbes, plants and animals in an ecosystem, the more resilient it is and the better it works for all, including humans. So it would not be a good idea to evict at least half of these creatures, especially if nothing is known about them. But, Raven says, that is what is happening. B 'Then you can start with the literature in about 1600, when people began to care enough about organisms to be able to document them well, and for the groups that they were documenting - birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies and plants - then you can say, "What was the rate over the past 400 years? It's tens of times or hundreds of times the level it was before." , C Global warming is not going to help, either. What happens to the unique assembly of plants in the Cape region of Africa as the thermometer rises? They cannot migrate south. There is no land south of the Cape. So many will perish.

o

As he keeps pointing out, the human species is living as if it had more than one planet to occupy. Forty years ago, he and colleagues tried to calculate the economic cost of exporting humans to a star system likely to be orbited by habitable planets. They worked out that it would cost the entire gross economic product of the planet to ship just twelve people a year to Proxima Centauri or beyond. His message for the planet is, 'Think, look at the big picture, and think again'.

estion 2S;,Look at the beginning of the paragraph after ~ gap. There is a key word here which also occurs in the _ ect optiC;n.. ion 29,tThe paragraph after the gap mentions ",anisms'; ..'human population growth' and 'ecosystems'. -- h optiQ[lalso mentions these key words and could fit _7

[

But the human population is growing at the rate of about 10,000 an hour, and each human depends on a hectare or two of land and water for what economists now call 'ecosystem services' - the organisms that ultimately recycle waste and deliver new wealth to provide oxygen, fresh food, clean water, fuel, new clothes, safe shelter and disposable income.

f Valuable agricultural land is being poisoned or parched or covered in concrete, soils eroded, rivers emptied and aquifers drained to feed the swelling numbers. Something has -got to give, and the first things to go are many of the plants and animals. G So botanists such as Raven begin with the big picture of sustainable growth and can calculate to the nearest planet how much land and sea it would take to sustain the population of the world if everybody lived as comfortably as the Americans, British or French. The answer is three planets. H There is another way of checking, Raven says, pioneered by, among others, sociobiologist and evolutionary psychologist Edward O. Wilson. There is a logarithmic relationship between the area of habitat and the species that inhabit it. Measure a patch of forest and count a sample of the species in it. Then compare it with another patch of forest ten times smaller. The smaller one will have only half the sample species count. This has been shown in thousands of individual observations, he says. So destroying forests piecemeal is a way of extinguishing creatures.

Question 30: The sentence after the gap suggests that the correct option talks about species loss. The gapped paragraph may also be linked to the paragraph before it. Question 31: Look at the first sent~ncein the paragraph after the gap. It appears to be an answer to a question. Can you find the question in one ofthe6ptions?

PAPER2 Writing

You are going to read an extract from a book. For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B, C or OJ which you think fits best according to the text.

PAPER3 Use of English PAPER4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking

2

Reviewers and students have educated me not only about how I write, but about why I write. Apparently, I wish to capture the immigrant experience, to demystify Chinese culture, to show the differences between Chinese and American culture, to pave the way for other Asian-American writers - and I have a whole host of other equally noble motivations. The truth is, I write for more self-serving reasons that is, I write for myself. I write because I enjoy stories and make-believe. I write because if! didn't, I'd probably go crazy. Thus I write about questions that disturb me, images that mystify me, or memories that cause me anguish and pain. I write about secrets, lies, and contradictions, because within them are many kinds of truth. In other words, I write stories about life as I have misunderstood it. To be sure, it's a ChineseAmerican life, but that's the only one I've had so far. Contrary to what some students, professors, reporters, and fund-raising organizations assume, I am not an expert on China, Chinese culture, mahjong, the psychology of mothers and daughters, generation gaps, immigration, illegal aliens, assimilation, acculturation, racial tension, Tiananmen Square, Most Favoured Nation trade agreements, human rights, Pacific Rim economics, the purported one million missing baby girls of China, the future of Hong Kong after 1997, or, I am sorry to say, Chinese cooking. Certainly I have personal opinions on any of these topics, especially food, but by no means do my sentiments or my world of make-believe make me an expert. And so I am alarmed when reviewers and educators assume that my very personal, specific, and fictional stories are meant to be representative, down to the smallest detail, of not just Chinese-Americans but sometimes all Asian culture. Is Jane Smiley's A Thousand Acres supposed to be representative of all American culture? Do all American daughters serve their tyrannical fathers· the same breakfast every morning? Do all sisters betray each other? Are all conscientious objectors flaky in love relationships? Why do readers and reviewers assume that a book with Chinese-American characters can encompass all the demographics and personal histories of Chinese America?

My editor at Putnam tells me that over the years i· she has received hundreds of permission requests from publishers of college textbooks and multicultural anthologies, . wishing to reprint my work for W educational purposes. One publisher wanted to include Ii an excerpt from The Joy Luck Club, a scene in which a ii' woman invites her non-Chinese boyfriend to her ~. parents' house for dinner. The boyfriend brings a bottle of wine as a gift and commits a number of social r• gaffes at the dinner table. Students were supposed to ~. read this excerpt, then answer the following question: 'If you are invited to a Chinese family's house for! dinner, should you bring a bottle of wine?' My editor ~ and I agreed to turn down that permission request. ,f; I hear that my books and essays are now on the i:"· required-reading lists for courses in ethnic studies, Asian-American studies, Asian-American literature, I: Asian-American history, women's literature, feminist ~. studies, feminist writers of colour, and so forth. I am proud to be on these lists. What writer wouldn't want Ii·Hi her work to be read? But there's a small nagging r question that whispers into my ear once in a while: ~: 'What about American literature?' I: I'

I!~

r

Iii

I know I'm not supposed to complain, or at least not too loudly. After all, I am one of the lucky writers to be read, in classrooms, by the mainstream, and in CliffNotes. I have had many readers tell me that they read my books because they feel the stories are about universal emotions between mothers and daughters. But as my mother has often told me, I have an attitude. I have an attitude not just about my books but about literature in general. I have this attitude that American literature, if such a classification exists, should be more democratic than the colour of your skin or whether rice or potatoes are served at your fictional dinner table. And so I ask myself and sometimes others: Who decides what is American fiction? Why is it that works of fiction by minority writers are read mainly for the study of class, gender, and race? Why is it so hard to break out of this literary ghetto?

Ii

ii:

I !i

1. If

;: ~;

r

rt ~~ ~ ~. ~

I,a.fltial tips Question 34: What is the writer's tone here? If you compare the first sentence of the second paragraph with the sentence in question, you should notice a change in tone and this should help you choose the correct option. Question 36: What point is the writer making in this paragraph about her own work? How does mentioning another novel strengthen her argument? Question 37: To find the answer to this question, you have to read between the lines. What had the writer intended to express in her novel? What did the question on the'excerpt from the novel show? Question 39: Why does the writer mention rice and potatoes in the last paragraph? Can you detect a hintof sarcasm here?

34 Why does the writer use the word 'Apparently' in line 2? A to emphasise that some readers misunderstand her reasons for writing B because she had not been aware of how her work was perceived by others C to indicate that she has not given much thought to her true reasons for writing D to show that she is not interested' in any of the subjects mentioned subsequently

35 Why do some people assume that the writer is an expert on China? A because she writes about topical Chinese issues B because she expresses h-er views about Chinese culture in her fiction C because she has strong feelings about anything to do with China D because she often touches upon Chinese themes in her fiction

36 The writer mentions Jane Smiley's novel in the fourth paragraph because A it contains untenable generalisations about American life and culture. B although it is an American novel, the reader does not expect to draw conclusions about American culture from it. C it deals with the same themes as the ones in her own novels and is peopled by similar characters. D it deals with the difficult relationship between daughters and fathers.

37 Why did the writer and her editor refuse a request to publish an excerpt from The Joy Luck Club? A because the excerpt would have given readers an inaccurate idea of Chinese culture B because the excerpt might have misled readers about correct Chinese etiquette C because one of the questions on the text showed that the point of the scene had been misunderstood D because one of the questions on the text would have been unfair to students

38 The writer implies that her books A B C D

are are are are

popular with ordinary readers. read mainly by academics. studied by mothers and daughters. largely unknown to the general public.

39 What is the writer's main point in the last paragraph? A B C D

She She She She

thinks academics classify American literature incorrectly. does not consider the way American literature is classified to be fair. thinks nobody is properly qualified to classify American literature. thinks socio-political issues in literature should not be the subjects of

study.

40 We can infer from the text that the writer is A B C D

an American citizen with Asian roots. a Chinese citizen with an American background. an Asian-American living in Hong Kong. an illegal Chinese immigrant living in America.

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an appropriate style.

PAPER 4 listening PAPER 5 Speaking

Essential tips ~ Here, you are required to write a proposal, so study the information you have been given and think about how it can help you to write something about each candidate. What are their good and bad points? ~ You will need to write an introductory paragraph stating briefly your purpose for writing. ~ Write a paragraph about each candidate. You can use their names as headings. Don't say at this point who you would recommend for promotion, but discuss their skills, qualities, JYersonalities and shortcomings, taking care to emphasise the strengths of the person you will eventually recommend.

You are the department which the asked you who work person for candidate:

manager of a large international

clothing franchise in

position of sales manager has just opened. The board of directors has to submit a proposal based on your knowledge of three candidates on your staff, explaining who you think would be the most suitable the position. You have written the following notes about each

PAuLINE

BROWN, age 36

5 years wi1:h coMpany. Puncfual,

SMar1:, good wifh people.

Gefs sfressed

easily.

JAMES ROBERTS, age 44 17 years wifh cOMpany. Mefhodical, A bi1: scruffy

pafienf,

hard-working.

sOMefiMes.

~ Write a conclusion which states who you think would be best for the job and give your reasons. You might want also to say why you think the other candidates are less suitable.

ELAINE SUMMERS, age 27 2 years

wifh coMpany.

AMbi1:ious, innovafive. Speaks 2 foreign languages. A bi1: bossy. ~

fl'

:" !

.. _•• .I

Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in

300-350 words in an appropriate style. PAPER 4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking

2 A local museum has asked readers to submit articles to its monthly

newsletter on

the most important historical sites in the area where you live, outlining significance and attraction for visitors.

their

Question 2

Think about your target readers and what kind of register and style will be appropriate for your article. It is a good idea to write about what you know, so ask yourself if there are any historical sites of interest in your town/village/city. What do you know about them? Why are they significant and why may tourists be interested in them? If you don't know any real sites in the area where you live, write about other famous historical sites that you have visited, or invent some. Plan your article carefully and decide what you will say in each paragraph before you start writing. Remember:you need an interesting introduction that will make your readers want to find out more. Question 3 This is a different kind of letter to the one in Test 1, Part 1. Here, a semi-formal register is probably more appropriate than a formal one. You will need to use descriptive language, as the contents of your letter will consist of first-hand personal experiences. In some ways this kind of letter is similar to an essay,although you will need to write a suitable beginning and ending.

3 A monthly general interest magazine has asked for contributions to a special supplement entitled A Fresh Start, based on readers' first-hand experience. Write a letter to the magazine, describing an important turning point in your life, explaining how it changed you and your lifestyle, career or relationships.

4 You have recently attended a well-known play performed by the drama club of your local college. Write a review of the play for your college magazine and say how successful you think the production was and how it compares with wellknown professional productions.

PAPER 1 Reading For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).

PAPER 2 Writing

.. . .

PAPER 4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking

Part Part Part Part

2 3 4 5

Write your answers in CAPITAL LETIERS on the separate answer sheet.

Esseutial tips Question 4: The gapped word is part of a phrase that describes when something happened. Which word can be used with 'back' to talk about a long time ago?

The Mysteries of Giza Egyptologists

Question 9: The gapped word forms part of an adverbial phrase with 'at', indicating a minimum number or amount.

great (1)

Question 10; The word 'consistent' is often followed by a preposition.

According

Question 13: The gapped word is a very common verb. Here it is used in an old-fashioned sense with 'would' to mean 'want' or 'wish for'. Question 14: If you read the text carefully, you will see that the sentence in which this gap occurs must have a negative meaning. The gapped word is part of a somewhat unusual structure, but one which adds emphasis to the point the writer is making.

tell us that the Sphinx and the pyramids

built approximately

4,500 years ago by an Egyptian of evidence

(2)

of independent

(3)

at Giza (0)

pharaoh,

has surfaced

to challenge

the with the position

to note that on that date the leonine

faced

exact

the

location

horizon

dawn on the Spring

made by at (9)

precisely

line

stars in the year 10,450 Be. It is

where

(10)

pyramids

Sphinx the

equinox.

one geologist

of the Sphinx are consistent substantial

on the

Giza

of certain

interesting

(8)

may in

back as 12,500 years ago!

(5)

(6)

this. A growing

researchers claim that these monuments

have been built as (4) to

.

but in recent years a

(7)

have

constellation

Equally

of

interesting

that weathering

Leo rose

is the claim

patterns on the body

those left by precipitation

period of time, yet Egypt (11)

over a

saw heavy rainfall

over

7,000 years ago. Could it be that both the pyramids and the Sphinx were built by a highly civilised race thousands

of years (12)

historians

would

(14) evidence

the Age of the Pharaohs, at a time when

(13) the

(15)

books will undoubtedly

us know-how

to

construct

believe such

surface that can support have to be rewritten.

amazing

humans structures?

such claims,

had If

the history

PAPER 1 Reading For questions

PAPER2 Writing

16-25, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end

of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

PAPER4 Listening PAPER5 Speaking

Part 3 Part 4 Part 5

Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

~

Question 16: The word before the gap is an adjective and it is apparent that the gapped word is a noun. You should be familiar with the most common ways of forming nouns from verbs, but be c.arefulhere - an internal change to the word in capitals is also needed. Question 17: 'Vary' means 'change' or 'differ'. From the context it seems clear that the gapped word must be an adverb that describes the way in which girls are expected to show their feelings. Also, a negative form of the adverb is needed in order for the sentence to make sense. Question 18: You need to form an adjective meaning 'incorrect'. If you do not know the word you need, experiment with different possibilities - apart from a suffix, you will need to make an internal change to the word in capitals. Question 19: 'Incline' can be either a noun or a verb, but here you need to form a noun meaning 'tendency'. If you do not know the word you need, experiment with different noun endings - you will need to leave off the final 'e' from the word in capitals.

__

E_X_CE_P_T_'O_N __

I

=0=

Boys don't cry Almost without

(0)

,when a little boy starts to cry,

he's told to put a brave face on it. 'Boys don't cry!' is the familiar (16) on

, and with this, we exert enormous our

sons

to

hide

(17) would

their

expected

emotions.

weaker,

Girls

to believe

more

sensitive

(19)

pressure

are

almost

to express their feelings,

be (18) or

with

but it

that they

are born

greater

natural

a

VARY ERROR

to cry. Boys have feelings too.

According vulnerable

to

several

leading

to psychological

pressures

on

them

(20)

psychiatrists,

boys

and other problems to

be

'tough'

performance,

are

more

later in life. Social

can

affect

their

and even lead to antisocial

behaviour. This, in turn, can manifest itself in acts of violence and (21)

It

(22)

is

even

suspected

that

the

higher rate of suicide among young men is a

result of boys being unable to 'get it off their chest', as compared to girls and women,

who confide

more (23)

others and are more likely to seek professional emotionally What

boys

(24) Question 20: The word after the gap is a noun, so the gapped ord is probably an adjective.

I

depression emotionally (25)

in help if they are

distressed. really

need

is

more

encouragement

in

their

years in order not to succumb to feelings of later on. This will help them to become more mature and it may

even

lead to a reduction

among young males.

in juvenile

RECKLESS SIGNIFICANCE

PAPER 1 Reading PAPER2 Writing

PAPER4 Listening

For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately three sentences. Here is an example (OJ.

in all

Example:

o

PAPER5 Speaking

•

We are setting off at first

•

She had to explain the matter to me again before I saw the

e Some interesting

new findings

, so please go to bed early.

have come to

. .

Essential Ii s Question 26: In the first two sentences the gapped word is used as part of an expression. If you don't know the expressions, the third sentence will probably help you. Which verb collocates with 'highly' and 'of' and can be used to express what Mr Jones does to his friends? Question 27: In the first sentence the gapped word collocates with 'party'. You can 'have' a party, but 'have' doesn't work in the other sentences. What other verb can be used with 'party'? In the second sentence the gapped word forms part of an expression meaning 'explain'. In the third sentence the gapped word is used idiomatically, although the s"enseof the sentence is negative, so probably a great distance is not meant here! Question 28: In the first sentence the gapped word forms part of an expression with 'time', meaning 'make time pass quickly by doing something'. In the second sentence the gapped word probably means something like 'destroy'. In the third sentence the gapped word forms part of an expression meaning 'dressed up in order to attract the attention or envy of others'.

26

27

28

29

30

31

•

The way he looks at you

•

Sylvia usually thinks.

volumes

about his feelings.

her mind, so she'll tell us what she really

• Celia and Dan are going to

a party at the weekend.

•

The police hope the investigation happened that night.

will

some light on what

•

I wouldn't

•

I had plenty of time to

•

Gerald managed to revealing the ending!

•

Susanna, wearing a stunning

•

In output.

•

I was surprised to receive an immediate

•

The

•

I didn't meet a

•

As a

•

Children can

•

Roger tried to that day.

•

If you aren't careful, you'll

trust that man as far as I could

him.

before my train left. everyone's enthusiasm

for the film by

black number, was dressed to

to increased demand, the company

to my query.

to our plea for information

interesting

have doubled their

was overwhelming.

person at the party.

mother, I know how difficult

it is to raise children.

on very quickly, so be careful what you say. me out by saying he knew where I had been

your death!

PAPER 1 Reading PAPER2 Writing

For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. Here is an example

PAPER4 listening

(0).

PAPER5 Speaking

Example:

o

He struggled to open the door. difficulty

Question 32: You need a phrasal verb formed from the verb 'dawn', meaning 'realise something gradually'. If you get this right, you will be awarded one of the two marks for a correct answer. For the second mark, you need to convey the idea of certainty ('I'm sure') with a suitable modal in the correct form. Question 33: You need a phrasal verb with 'down', meaning 'refuse an offer'. The object can go between the verb and 'down', or after the phrasal verb. Also, what is the object? What is being refused?

o

He

32

I'm sure John eventually realised that we'd be late.

had difficulty

the door.

in opening

1=0= I

dawned It 33

that we'd be late.

That's the second time this year that Kathy has refused to marry him. down Kathy

34

twice this year.

It was only when the film had ended that I remembered to switch off the oven.

did Question 34: You need to use a phrase that emphasises when you remembered to do something. This phrase begins with 'Not', so it involves inversion. Question 35: Think carefully about the tense you need. The time is the future, when we can look back on an event that had its beginnings in the past and continued over a period of twenty years.

Not 35

to switch off the oven.

Our twentieth wedding anniversary is this coming Friday. will

36

By this Friday

twenty years.

They think the manuscript was written by a fourteenth

century scholar.

attributed The manuscript

a fourteenth

century

scholar. 37

I'm afraid it's none of your business what I do in my spare time! no What I do in my spare time

38

, I'm afraid!

You cannot justify your recent behaviour with that excuse. no That excuse is

39

It appears to me that Sam is miserable at university. tell

behaving recently.

2 PAPER 1 Reading PAPER 2 Writing • !.

•

PAPER 4

For questions 40-44, read the following texts on alternative medicine. For questions 40-43, answer with a word or short phrase. For question 44, write a summary according to the instructions

given.

Write your answers to questions 40-44 on the separate answer sheet.

PAPER 5 Speaking

Western culture is undergoing a revolution. Not of a sociopolitical kind, but a dramatic socio-ethical change in attitude towards health and nutrition. A rise in the incidence of substance intolerance and allergies, noticeable particularly among children with a poor diet, accompanied by an increase in chronic bronchial and asthmatic conditions has led to a growing awareness of the shortcomings of orthodox medicine in dealing with such problems.

Question 40: Readthe question carefully. It does not ask you to define 'dramatic socia-ethical change', but to explain why it is taking place.

Consequently, people have started exploring alternatives, and this has aroused interest in complementary medicine - this uses treatments from both orthodox and alternative medicine bringing forth a new generation of health specialists who believe that we need to address the question of health through a more holistic approach, looking at a person's lifestyle and diet, and focusing on the cause of disease rather than its symptoms alone. Along with a revival of interest in traditional forms of alternative medicine such as Chinese medicine, acupuncture and homeopathy, a plethora of complementary treatments has developed in an effort to combine the best elements of eastern and western medicine, and so provide society with effective health care. As alternative medicine becomes more widely accepted, it is important that people are educated about the various options available to them so they can make intelligent choices about health care.

40

In your own words, explain the reasons the writer gives for the 'dramatic ethical change in attitude towards health and nutrition'.

soc' -

,- s Question 42: In this text pay attention to the writer's tone. How did he feel about the aromas permeating the atmosphere in his house?

M

y

work entails giving presentations and selling, and I have a lot of direct contact with people. So at the age of fifty-five, the sudden

appearance of red lesions on my arms and hands, which then started to flake off, filled me with horror. I consulted various doctors and dermatologists, was

Question 44: Although the reasons why some people are turning to alternative medicine may seem more immediately apparent in the first text, think about why the writer of the second text became an 'alternative convert'.

diagnosed as suffering from late onset psoriasis and duly tried numerous ointments, soaps and medications, but all to no avail. Unbelievably, my daughter came to the rescue. At the time, she was doing a course in aromatherapy

and enthusing over the healing properties of

essential oils. With the house smelling like the perfume department at John Lewis, I was inclined to feel otherwise. Nevertheless, she gave me a sermon on how I needed to take a 'holistic' approach to my problem, and that what was probably to blame was my tendency to smoke and eat too much at business lunches. She cited various complementary

therapies such as

acupuncture and herbalism as having had considerable success in treating psoriasis. A victim of failed conventional treatments, my reaction was cynical. Anyway, she persuaded me to become one of her case studies and I couldn't say no. I have to take my hat off to her; she was very thorough in her approach. She gave me advice about my diet and ways of dealing with stress. After overcoming my trepidation at the thought of being massaged by my own daughter, I found it a wonderfully

relaxing experience, and

several treatments later the essential oils did clear up my skin. My wife helped me improve my eating habits and my sense of wellbeing improved. I recently made an appointment at the Alternative Centre in London, which deals exclusively in treating psoriasis. I admit it, I'm an 'alternative convert' and no one is more surprised about it than me!

42 In your own words, explain what the writer is referring to when he says 'I was inclined to feel otherwise'.

44 In a paragraph of 50-70 words, summarise in your own words as far as possible why, according to both texts, people are turning to alternative medicine for help in treating health problems. Write your summary on the separate answer sheet.

PAPER 1 Reading You will hear four different extracts. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or e) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English

Part 2 Part 3 Part 4

Ii Question 1: How does the man feel when he goes for a walk? He uses a couple of expressions that you may not be familiar with. What do you think he means by 'at a loss' or 'bogged down in a mire'?

1

Nature inspires him most when A he wants to be alone. B he has a lack of ideas.

e 2

Question 3: Listen for key

he is feeling bored.

The man seems to be A a composer.

words and phrases. What do you think the correspondent means by 'do it on my own terms'? What does the expression 'at the drop of a hat' mean? If all the . options look like possible answers to you, ask yourself what the question is actually askirig.

B a poet.

e

3

a painter.

The correspondent

would prefer

A to travel as a tourist. B not to be sent so far from home.

e 4

to be given advance warning

According

about trips.

to the correspondent,

A the truth is sometimes

distorted.

B editors are good at selecting articles.

e

essential news is sometimes

omitted.

sseftlicd lips Ouestion 5: From what the man and the woman both say, you should get an idea of what Gordon is usually like. So why do you think the woman is concerned about him?

5

A wasn't a good conversationalist. B was behaving out of character. C couldn't express his problems.

Ouestion 7: The question stem shows that you are being asked for the reason why the telescope was launched. Be careful - more than one option may be mentioned but this does not mean they complete the question stem correctly.

The woman is concerned because Gordon

6

The man A doesn't trust Gordon. B doesn't know Gordon very well. C doesn't like Gordon very much.

7

The Hubble Space Telescope was launched because A there is greater visibility B extraordinary

beyond the Earth's atmosphere.

celestial phenomena are only visible from space.

C it can pinpoint invisible energy sources in the universe.

8

Since being launched, the telescope A has taken more enhanced photographs. B has not lived up to scientists' expectations. C has helped make new discoveries.

2 PAPER 1 Reading You will hear part of a lecture about the artist Franz Marc. For questions 9-17, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English

... . ~

PAPER 5 Speaking

5e

ti

_____

t· s

Question 9: Key words in this sentence are 'London' and 'sold'. Listen for these words or other words that might be associated with them. Question 10: A key word in this sentence is 'animals'. The gapped word is clearly a noun, either singular or plural, which describes a quality that animals possess, and that Marc wanted to express in his paintings. Question12: A key word to listen for is 'Cubism'. How did Marc's work change under the influence of Cubism?

In his paintings

Marc attempted

I

[1]

to express the

~~

of animals, which he saw as part of nature.

One of Marc's paintings features a purple and blue horse standing in a

I

@]ofprimarycolours.

Due to the influence of Cubism, sharper, more

I

~[!U

began to replace the soft areas of colour in Marc's work.

In The Fate of the Animals

Marc seems to offer a warning

1

of the impending

In The Wolves some

Q]ill

QiJ

1

are depicted as drooping

and dying.

The art group The Blue Rider were aiming to capture the purity of style often found in paintings

One of Marc's completely

by

I

DTI

I

paintings

Marc's life ended tragically

DTI

in the war in

I

is Fighting Forms.

QIJ '

when he was killed by a grenade in France.

PAPER 1 Reading You will hear an interview with Julian Morris, a nightclub owner. For questions 18-22, choose the answer (A, B, or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

PAPER 2 Writing

e

PAPER 3 Use of English

The main reason why Julian decided to start his own business was because A it was a way of overcoming his disability. B he was disappointed with his life so far. all his friends persuaded him to do it. D it was an irresistible challenge.

e

t· s Question 18: The interviewer asks Julian why he opened a nightclub. Listen carefully to Julian's answer because he mentions several points. However, the question asks for the main reason why he opened the nightclub, so listen for the one he emphasises. Question 19: Again, Julian gives several reasons why a nightclub seemed like a good place for him :0 work in, but you need to "dentify the reason why it was "deal - a perfect place for him to ·"ork. estion 20: Listen carefully to -ear what someone once said to -'m. Do you think it was a - sitive or negative comment?

A nightclub seemed the ideal environment for Julian to work in because A he had worked in one before. B his disability was less of a problem there. people find it easier to express themselves. D he responded more positively to musical vibrations.

e

20

I

When Julian told people about his idea, someone once reacted A with a derisive comment. B in an ironic manner.

e

laconically. D with an expression of amusement.

21

The club owes its good reputation mainly to A its convenient location. B the decor of the building. its disc jockeys. D the diversity of people who go there.

e

22

Julian's main reason for calling the club Whispers was A because he thought it was amusing at the time. B to encourage people to whisper in nightclubs. that it paradoxically conveys the volume of noise inside. D to allude ironically to his personal disability.

e

~ ~

1·fu·· ..1...·.· B.··.·"·1 ·;::~:c~

PAPER 1 Reading PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English

sse Ii

You will hear two friends, Jake and Angela, discussing their lifestyles. For questions 23-28, decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speakers agree. Write

J

for Jake

or

A B

for Angela for Both, where they agree.

Ii s

Question 23: Most people would agree with this statement, but don't assume that the person who says this is a parent. If you hear one of the speakers saying something to this effect, wait to hear whether the other speaker agrees or not. Question 26: What is meant by 'A contemporary lifestyle'? What might be another way of expressing this? If we 'eliminated' the need to work, we wouldn't have to work any more. Which speaker gives an example of traditional physical work? Question 27: Listen for an expression which means 'have as many new things as other people'. The speaker also uses an expression which means 'things always seem more attractive when you can't have them' to make a point about contentment. Question 28: What is meant by 'domestic problems'? Can you think of alternative ways of expressing 'resentful' and 'pressure'?

27 The acquisition of material possessions does not necessarily make people content.

28 Domestic problems are often caused by resentful people under pressure.

PAPER 1 Reading PAPER2 Writing PAPER3 Use of English

Answer these questions:

PAPER4 Listening

• • • •

Do you come from a large family? Who are you closest to in your family? Do you have friends who are closer to you than family members? How important is friendship to you?

Candidates A and B: Turn to pictures A-F on pages 132-133, which show images connected with cultural attitudes to beauty. First look at pictures A and C and discuss how our attitudes to beauty are influenced by our culture and other external factors. You have about one minute for this. Now look at all the pictures. Each picture illustrates a different idea of beauty. Talk about the pictures and discuss how each one either influences people's ideas of beauty or has been influenced by other factors.

Candidate A: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it. You can use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own. You have two minutes for this. How far do our moral rights extend? • society decides • no limits in nature • until the rights of others begin Candidate B: Is there anything you would like to add? Candidate B: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it. You can use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own. You have two minutes for this. Do we have a right to improve the quality of our lives at the expense of the natural world? • dominion

over others

• survival of the fittest • all species have the same rights Candidate A: Is there anything you would like to add? Candidates A and B: Now answer these questions about moral issues in general: • • • •

Is there How far How do How do

such a thing as right and wrong, or good and bad in nature? does society decide what is morally acceptable and what isn't? moral boundaries change over time? you decide what to do if you find yourself in a moral dilemma?

•

1 •

.

PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English

Part 2 Part 3 Part 4

For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

PAPER 4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking

Why is it that the average man has a(n) (1) to buying clothes? In fact, shopping probably (2) as high as visits to the dentist or doing the washing up on the male 'Most Hated Chores' list. While a woman may sit happily (3) through glossy fashion magazines, then spend hours trying to (4) her favourite top model, her male partner spends approximately five minutes deciding what to wear, even less time putting it on, and is out of the front door before she has even (5) her underwear. Women seek out ways to look different, while men generally choose clothes which are as (6) as possible. She will be horrified if another woman is wearing the same dress at a party, whereas for him, finding someone else in the same attire will simply confirm that he belongs and is not a freak.

N'\ J\\

1 A hatred 2 A ranks 3 A roaming 4 A emulate 5 A dressed 6 A indescribable

B B B B B B

distaste stands turning envisage worn nondescript

C C C C C C

aversion places rifling visualise donned obscure

D horror D aims E"leafing D embody D adorned D nonexistent

An old, ostensibly obsolete Thames barge has gained an unexpected (7) of life. A young couple have bought it and intend to (8) it into a floating home. This move (9) a major change in the couple's lifestyle. 'We had been feeling (10) boxed in by our small flat in the centre: says Cathy Smythe, 'but with such (11) house prices, the possibility of moving anywhere else in the city seemed a million years away. Then someone jokingly mentioned houseboats, and that gave us the idea.' A broker showed them various vessels and the Smythes saw potential in the barge. 'We (12) for the Thames barge because of its broadness: explains David, Cathy's husband. 'It's actually very spacious below. And, of course, the price was right!' Let's hope that life afloat lives up to their expectations. A spalk A convert 9 A rates 10 A exclusively 11 A extortionate 12 A chose 7 8

B lease B alter

e:P

marks

B extensively B opulent B decided

C C C C C C

addition transfer infers decidedly stupendous agreed

D D D D D D

loan adapt announces drastically lavish opted

I need help. I can't work, I can't sleep; the situation's getting out of (13) Try as I (14) , I just can't resist opening the paper every morning at the puzzle page. It's this Su Doku numbers game everyone's been (15) about. Although it looks straightforward at first (16) , it's fiendishly deceptive. You start with a simplelooking grid of nine rows by nine, split into nine boxes with nine squares in each. The (17) of the game is to fill in the grid so that every row, column and the numbers one to nine. You think, no problem, I'll just have a quick go. and I'll (18) this. But oh, no! You get hooked. The tricky ones niggle can't stop. I've been late for work twice this week. And now there's

box contains Five minutes you and you talk of them

adding the game to mobile phones! /13 14 15 16 17 18

A A A A A A

sorts could craving glance task break

B B B B B B

world might longing look object win

C C C C C C

hand can raging peep exercise crack

D mind D should D raving D glimpse D goal D split

I need help. I can't work, I can't sleep; the situation's getting out of (13) Try as I (14) , I just can't resist opening the paper every morning at the puzzle page. It's this Su Doku numbers game everyone's been (15) about. Although it looks straightforward at first (16) , it's fiendishly deceptive. You start with a simplelooking grid of nine rows by nine, split into nine boxes with nine squares in each. The (17) of the game is to fill in the grid so that every row, column and box contains the numbers one to nine. You think, no problem, I'll just have a quick go. Five minutes and I'll (18) this. But oh, no! You get hooked. The tricky ones niggle you and you can't stop. I've been late for work twice this week. And now there's talk of them adding the game to mobile phones!

/13 14 15 16 17 18

A A A A A A

sorts could craving glance task break

B B B B B B

world might longing look object win

C C C C C C

hand can raging peep exercise crack

D D D D D D

mind should raving glimpse goal split

PAPER 3 Use of English

You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with waterways. For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or Dj which you think fits best according to the text.

PAPER4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking)

TItE Yiannis

ECO--TRAVEllER

Reklos is a man with a mission. Born on the shores of Lake

I