• Author / Uploaded
• dardak

Citation preview

Underground Raceway Systems

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Right-Click on UGS1, to View, Save, Rename, or Purge UGS1

ETAP

47-6

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

47.1.2 Edit Toolbar

New Duct Bank Raceway Wizard Add Existing Direct Buried RWs

Add New Direct Buried RWs

Add Existing Cables

Add New Cables

Add Existing Duct Bank RWs

Add New Duct Bank RWs

Add New Conduits for Duct Banks RWs

Add New Locations for Direct Buried RWs

Add Existing Heat Sources

Add New Heat Sources

Display Options

UGS Edit Toolbar

Pointer The mouse pointer allows you to select or move items. Clicking on the Pointer icon returns the cursor to its original shape after an element icon has been clicked on, displaying an element to be placed into the UGS.

ETAP

47-7

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

New Raceway Wizard The new raceway wizard allows you to create new duct bank raceways using one of the following raceway arrangement options: • Uniform • Non-Uniform • Circuit Level

ETAP

47-8

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Existing External Heat Source Click on the Existing External Heat Source icon to open a drop-down list from which you can choose an external heat source that has been previously created.

If no existing external heat sources are available a message box will appear. These external heat sources can be found either in the Dumpster or in other underground systems. For more information on external heat sources see the External Heat Source Editor.

New External Heat Source Click on the New External Heat Source icon to create a new external heat source. This will enable you to place it in the UGS wherever there is space available. For more information on external heat sources see External Heat Source Editor.

Existing Cable Click on the Existing Cable icon to open a drop-down list from which you can choose a cable that has been previously created. This list includes one-line, equipment, and UGS cables.

The cables in this list can be found in the one-line diagram (either as a one-line or equipment cable), Dumpster (deleted cables), or in other underground raceway systems (UGS cables). Cables selected from the one-line diagram will be converted from one-line or equipment cables to compound cables. A compound cable represents a cable that exits in the one-line diagram and UGS. For more information on cables, see Cable Editor Overview. Note: You can graphically add existing one-line cables to any location (conduit) in UGS. To do this, press and hold Shift and drag the cable from the one-line diagram into a location in UGS. A message will appear if no existing cables are available. These cables can be found in the one-line diagram, Dumpster, or in other underground raceway systems. Cables selected from the one-line diagram will be converted from one-line cables to compound cables. For more information on cables, see Cable Editor Overview.

ETAP

47-9

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

New Cable Click the New Cable icon to create a new cable. This will enable you to place it in the UGS wherever there is space available. This cable will be a UGS cable since it only exists in the UGS. To add this cable (or any other cable in the UGS) to the one-line diagram press and hold Shift and drag the cable, using the mouse, from the UGS into the one-line diagram. For more information on cables see the Cable Editor Overview.

Existing Duct Bank Raceway Click the Existing Duct Bank Raceway icon to open a dialog box from which you can choose a duct bank raceway that has been previously created.

A message will appear if no existing duct bank raceways are available. These duct bank raceways can be found either in the Dumpster or in other underground systems. For more information on duct bank raceways, see Duct Bank Raceway Editor.

New Duct Bank Raceway Click the New Duct Bank Raceway icon to create a new duct bank raceway. This will enable you to place it in the UGS wherever there is space available. For more information on duct bank raceways, see Duct Bank Raceway Editor.

Existing Direct Buried Raceway Click the Existing Direct Buried Raceway icon to open a dialog box from which you can choose a direct buried raceway that has been previously created.

A message will appear if no existing direct buried raceways are available. These direct buried raceways can be found either in the Dumpster or in other U/G Systems. For more information on direct buried raceways, see Direct Buried Raceway Editor.

New Direct Buried Raceway Click the New Direct Buried Raceway icon to create a new direct buried raceway. This will enable you to place it in the UGS wherever there is space available. For more information on direct buried raceways, see Direct Buried Raceway Editor.

ETAP

47-10

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

New Conduit Click the New Conduit icon to create a new conduit. This will enable you to place it in any duct bank raceway wherever there is space available. For more information on conduits, see Conduit Editor.

New Location Click the New Location icon to create a new location. This will enable you to place any Direct Buried Raceway wherever there is space available. For more information on locations, see Location Editor.

Display Option Click on the Display Options icon to change the appearance of element IDs and ratings in the UGS. For more information, see Display Options.

ETAP

47-11

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Study Toolbar

47.2 Study Toolbar Steady-State Cable Temperature Calculation Cable Ampacity Calculation, Uniform Ampacity Cable Ampacity Calculation, Uniform Temperature Cable Sizing Transient Cable Temperature Calculation Display Options View Output Report Cable Temperature Plots Halt Current Calculation Get Online Data Get Archived Data

Click on this icon to calculate the steady-state temperature of cables in the raceway system under the specified loading conditions. ETAP uses the IEC 60287 or the NEC accepted Neher-McGrath Method for these calculations. It determines steady-state conductor temperature for the specified cable loading and raceway system configuration, considering the effect of heat generated by neighboring cables and external heat sources.

Uniform-Ampacity Cable Ampacity Calculation Click on this icon to calculate cable ampacity under uniform ampacity conditions for all cables in the raceway system. This calculation assumes that the loading of all cables is increased/decreased uniformly based on cable base ampacity, which is defined in the cable library. The cable ampacity is calculated by increasing the loading of all cables until the temperature of the hottest cable reaches the maximum allowable limit. ETAP uses the Neher-McGrath Method for this calculation. This icon is disabled when the IEC 60287 Method is used.

Uniform-Temperature Cable Ampacity Calculation Click on this icon to calculate cable ampacity under uniform temperature conditions for all cables in the raceway system. This calculation adjusts individual cable loading to maintain uniform temperature throughout the raceway system. The cable ampacity is obtained when the cable temperature reaches its maximum allowable limit. ETAP uses the Neher-McGrath Method for this calculation. This icon is disabled when the IEC 60287 Method is used.

ETAP

47-12

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Study Toolbar

Cable Sizing Click on this icon to automatically optimize cable sizes for the specified cable loading and cable temperature limit. The result of this study yields the smallest possible sizes for all cables in the raceway system that can carry the specified loading within the temperature limit. ETAP uses the Neher-McGrath Method for this calculation. This icon is disabled when the IEC 60287 Method is used.

Transient Cable Temperature Calculation Click on this icon to calculate cable transient temperatures as a function of time. The cables carry timevarying loads, as defined in the Load Profile of the Cable Editor. This study allows you to investigate cable transient operating conditions and verify cable temperatures against time for determining the shorttime loading limit. This calculation is based on a dynamic thermal circuit model. This icon is disabled when the IEC 60287 Method is used.

Display Options Click on this icon to open the Cable Derating Display Options dialog box to display calculation results.

Report Manager Click on this button to open the Cable Derating Report Manager dialog box to select a variety of preformatted output files to review. Select a file type and click OK to open the output file. A detailed explanation of the Cable Derating Report Manager is given in Section 46.13, Output Reports.

Output Report files can be selected from the Output Report List Box on the Study Case toolbar shown below.

ETAP

47-13

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Study Toolbar

Study Case Toolbar

Cable Transient Temperature Plot Click on the Plot icon to select and plot the calculated temperatures of the cables in the raceway.

Get Online Data If the ETAP key installed on your computer has the online feature (ETAP Real-Time), you can copy the online data to the cables in the current U/G system.

Get Archived Data If the ETAP key installed on your computer has the online feature (ETAP Real-Time), you can copy the archived data to the current U/G system.

ETAP

47-14

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Study Case Editor

47.3 Study Case Editor

The Cable Derating Study Case Editor contains solution control variables, cable loading parameters, and options for Output Reports. ETAP allows you to create and save an unlimited number of Study Cases. Cable derating calculations are conducted and reported in accordance with the settings you have specified in the Study Case Editor. Note: You can have an unlimited number of Study Cases and can easily switch between the Study Cases without the trouble of resetting the Study Case options each time. This feature is designed to organize your study efforts and save you time. To conduct studies, you first need to switch to the Calculation Mode by clicking on the U/G Cable Raceways button on the Mode toolbar.

ETAP

47-15

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Study Case Editor

The Cable Derating Study Case Editor can be accessed by clicking on the Study Case button located on the Study Case toolbar. You can also access this editor from the System Manager by clicking on the Cable Derating Study Case folder.

There are two methods to create a new Study Case. The first method involves going to the System Manager, right clicking on the Cable Derating Study Cases folder, and selecting Create New. A new Study Case is created, which is a copy of the default Study Case and it is added to the Cable Derating Study Case folder.

The second method involves clicking on the New Study Case button on the Study Case Toolbar as shown above.

ETAP

47-16

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Study Case Editor

Study Case ID The Study Case ID is shown in this entry field. You can rename a Study Case by deleting the old ID and entering the new ID. The Study Case ID can be up to 25 alphanumeric characters. Use the Navigator button at the bottom of the editor to move between Study Cases.

Methods Use this area to specify the Calculation Method by clicking one of the two buttons.

Neher-McGrath When this option is selected, the Neher-McGrath Method is employed.

IEC 60287 When this option is selected, the IEC 60287 Method is used for the steady-state temperature calculation.

Initial/Steady-State Amp Use this area to specify the cable loading for the Study Case by clicking one of the two buttons. The loading amps are entered into the Loading page of the Cable Editor. The cable current specified in the Cable Editor is the phase current, and the current each conductor carries is equal to the phase current divided by the number of conductors per phase.

Load Profile When this option is selected, the first current value in the Transient Load Profile list in the Loading page of the Cable Editor will be used as the initial load current for the transient temperature calculation, and as the load current for the steady-state temperature calculation.

Operating Load When this option is selected, the operating load in the Loading page of the Cable Editor will be used as the initial load current for the transient temperature calculation and as the load current for the steady-state temperature calculation. The operating load current can be updated with the load flow calculation result by clicking on the Update Cable Load Current button on the Load Flow toolbar.

Multiplication Factor ETAP provides several multiplication factors, which allow you to vary the cable loading both individually and globally. These options furnish flexibility in raceway system design and allow you to project future load variation.

Use Application MF When this box is checked, the Application MF selected in the Sizing-Phase page of the Cable Editor will be utilized to modify the cable load. Prior to performing the cable derating calculation, the cable load current is multiplied by the Application MF.

Individual GF Select this option to apply the individual load projection multiplication factor that you have entered in the Loading page of the Cable Editor. The cable load will be multiplied by this factor prior to calculation.

Global GF The cable load, which you have specified in the Cable Editor, is multiplied by this factor prior to calculation, allowing you to globally change the system load.

ETAP

47-17

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Study Case Editor

Transient Temperature Study Enter the time limit and plot time step for a Cable Transient Temperature Study in this section.

Max. Time Maximum Time is the length of time, at the unit selected, for which the transient temperature calculation will be performed.

Output Step Size Output Step Size specifies the time step, at the unit selected, at which plot points will be generated. The total number of plot points generated is approximately equal to the Max. Time divided by the Output Step Size.

Units The Units list box allows you to select time units for the Max. Time and Output Step Size. Time unit options include days, hours, minutes, and seconds.

Update This group is provided for you to flag ETAP to update your cable data.

Currents from Ampacity Calculation If the box is checked, after running a UT ampacity or UA ampacity calculation, ETAP will update the allowable current for each cable involved with the calculated ampacity.

Size from Cable Sizing Calculation If the box is checked, ETAP will update all the cables involved with the calculated optimal size after running a cable sizing calculation.

ETAP

47-18

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Display Options

47.4 Display Options 47.4.1 Cable Derating Result Display Options This dialog box allows you to specify the format for information annotations associated with an Underground Raceway Systems presentation.

Default This checkbox is used to edit the display options specified by the Project Default Display Options. When this option is selected, the Info group in this dialog box will be disabled and all the customized selections displayed will be ignored and replaced by the default settings.

Results This group allows the user to enable / disable the calculation results from the steady state temperature and uniform ampacity calculations. Results from the transient temperature calculation are available via output reports and plots.

Temperature Select this option to display the calculated cable temperature in degrees Celsius.

Ampacity Select this option to display the cable current in amps.

Info This group becomes accessible only when the Use Default Display Options box is not checked; otherwise, the information in this group will not apply.

Color This selection box allows you to select one of the sixteen available colors for information annotations.

Cable ID Select the checkbox to display the cable ID in the raceway view.

ETAP

47-19

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Display Options

Conduit/Location ID Select the checkbox to display the conduit/location ID in the raceway view.

Raceway ID Select the checkbox to display the raceway ID in the raceway view.

Heat Source ID Select the checkbox to display the external heat source ID in the raceway view.

47.4.2 U/G Raceway Display Options This dialog box is used to specify the format and content of the annotations to be displayed for each individual element on the Underground Raceway Systems presentation.

Default If the Use Project Default Options box is selected, the project default settings will be used on the UGS presentation.

Options Color Select from a variety of colors to display annotations for each element.

ETAP

47-20

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Display Options

ID For each element type (cable, conduit/location, raceways, and heat sources) choose whether or not to display their ID in the UGS presentation.

Size For each element type (conduit/location, raceways, and heat sources) choose whether or not to display their size (in inches or cm) on the UGS presentation.

Results % Fill Select this option to display the conduit percent fill expressed as a percentage. The %fill is a dynamically calculated number that is updated each time the cable size is changed and/or cables are moved between conduits.

47.4.3 Default Display Options - UGS This dialog box is used to specify the default format and content of the annotations to be displayed for each individual element on UGS presentations.

Underground Raceway System Annotations Color Select the color for information annotations to be displayed.

ETAP

47-21

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Display Options

ID For each element type (cable, conduit/location, raceways, and heat sources) choose whether or not to display their ID on the UGS presentation.

Size For each element type (conduit/location, raceways, and heat sources) choose whether or not to display their size (in inches or cm) on the UGS presentation.

Annotation Font IDs Select the font, style, and size to display all IDs selected in Display Options.

Ratings Select the font, style, and size to display all ratings selected in Display Options.

Results Select the font, style, and size to display all study results selected in their respective Display Options.

ETAP

47-22

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

47.5 Editing a UGS This section addresses editors for elements in the U/G Raceway Systems (UGS). Except for the element’s ID, all other data that appear in the editors are considered engineering properties. The elements that are included in this chapter are shown below.

Add Elements Duct bank raceways and direct buried raceways, conduits for duct bank raceways, locations for direct buried raceways, external heat sources, and cables are the elements that can be adding to an underground raceway system. This is done by clicking on the Edit toolbar.

Rules • • • • • • •

Elements can be added ONLY in Edit Mode when the Base Data is active. Elements CANNOT be added when you are in Study Mode or in a Revision level of the database. You CANNOT drop two raceways on top of each other. You CANNOT drop an external heat source inside a raceway. Cables can ONLY be placed inside of a conduit or location. Conduits and locations can ONLY be added inside of their respective raceway types. Conduits and raceways CANNOT overlap each other.

ETAP

47-23

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

A UGS Presentation To add a new element to your UGS presentation, select a new element from the Edit toolbar, which changes the cursor symbol to a picture of that element. You may place the element anywhere in the UGS (where there is room) by clicking the mouse. After dropping the element, the cursor goes back to its original arrow shape. If you double-click on an element in the Edit toolbar, you can place multiple copies of the same element in the UGS. To add an existing element to a UGS presentation, select an existing element in the Edit toolbar (red symbols), which changes the cursor shape to a picture of that element. Move the cursor into the UGS presentation and click. It will open an editor (dialog box), which allows you to select an element from the list box to be added as an existing element, and then click on OK. The element will be added with the same ID (name) with all of the engineering properties preserved.

External Heat Source

ETAP

Duct Bank Raceway

Cable

47-24

Direct Buried Raceway

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

Add Raceways and External Heat Sources Click on the Raceway or External Heat Source button on the Edit toolbar, move the cursor to the UGS presentation, and drop it into place by clicking. If a new raceway or heat source is selected from the toolbar, ETAP creates the new raceway or external heat source using the default values. If an existing raceway or heat source is selected, ETAP prompts you with a drop-down list to select an element from the already existing ones.

Add Cables Click on the Cable button on the Edit toolbar, move the cursor inside of a conduit or location, and drop it into place by clicking. If you select new cables from the toolbar, a new cable (UGS cable) is created with a dummy cable diameter. If an existing cable is selected, ETAP provides a drop-down list that you can use to select a one-line cable, equipment cable, or UGS cable.

Add Conduits Click on the Conduit button on the Edit toolbar, move the cursor inside of a duct bank raceway, and drop it into place by clicking. Conduits are always created. You cannot add existing conduits to a raceway. The drop point of a conduit or location is its center. The cursor is marked with an X if your drop point is too close to the raceway’s edge causing it to overlap the outside of the raceway.

Add Locations Click on the Location button on the Edit toolbar, move the cursor inside of a direct buried raceway, and drop it into place by clicking. Locations are used for placing and locating cables in direct buried raceways and do not physically exist. Locations are always created. You cannot add existing locations to a raceway. The drop point of a location is its center. The cursor is marked with an X if your drop point is too close to the raceway edge causing it to overlap outside of the raceway.

Add One-Line Cables You can graphically add cables from one-line diagrams (one-line cables) to underground raceways. To do this from a one-line diagram presentation, use +Drag to select and graphically drag a one-line cable to a conduit or location in a UGS presentation. At first, the cursor becomes a cable symbol with a big X marked on top of it. Once the cursor inside a conduit or location, the X disappears and you can drop it. The cable that you have just placed inside a U/G raceway appears both in the one-line diagram and the UGS presentations. The property of this cable can be changed from either presentation. Note: You can also use + Drag to add UGS cables to the one-line diagram.

Select Elements To select an element, click the left mouse button while the cursor (arrow shape) is on top of the element. To rubber band multiple raceways, click the left mouse outside the raceway and drag the mouse across the raceways you want to select. It will show you a dotted rectangle. When the mouse is released, only the raceways inside the rectangle will be selected. Note: When a raceway is selected, no matter how many conduits, locations, or cables it contains, the raceway is considered to be one element. For example, if you cut or copy a selected raceway, the raceway and its contents will be cut or copied.

Selecting & Deselecting Multiple Elements +Click on the elements that you want to select or deselect.

ETAP

47-25

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

UGS Cable System Representation This section explains how ETAP is representing and naming the three-phase, single-phase and DC cables for single core “1/C” and multi-core ”3/C” cables.

Three Phase - cable branch by 1/C (single core) cables For a 3-phase cable branch that is 1/C and 2-conductor/Phase, six 1/C cables will be generated in the UGS. These physical cables are named as Cable49-1A, Cable49-1B, Cable49-1C, Cable49-2A, Cable492B, and Cable49-2C respectively, where “Cable49” is the cable name and “A”, “B” and “C” represent the phases. The names of such physical cables are displayed in the editor, UGS view and report.

Three Phase - cable branch by 3/C (multi-core) cables For a 3-phase cable branch that is 3/C and 2-conductor/Phase, two 3/C cables will be generated in the UGS. These physical cables are named as Cable52-1, Cable52-2, respectively, where “Cable52” is the cable name. The names of such physical cables are displayed in the editor, UGS view and report.

ETAP

47-26

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

Single Phase-2 wire cable branch by 1/C (single core) cables For a 1-phase 2-wire cable branch that is 1/C and 2-conductor/Phase, four 1/C cables will be generated in the UGS. These physical cables are named as Cable38-1F, Cable38-1R, Cable38-2F, and Cable38-2R respectively, where “Cable38” is the cable name and “F” and “R” represent forward and return conductors. The names of such physical cables are displayed in the editor, UGS view and report.

Single Phase -2 wire cable branch by 3/C (multi-core) cables For a 1-phase 2-wire cable branch that is 3/C and 2-conductor/Phase, two 3/C cables will be generated in the UGS. These physical cables are named as Cable41-1, Cable41-2 respectively, where “Cable41” is the cable name. In this case, two conductors from each cable will be carrying currents and the third conductor will not be used. The names of such physical cables are displayed in the editor, UGS view and report.

ETAP

47-27

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

Single Phase-3 wire cable branch by 1/C (single core) cables. For a 1-phase 3-wire cable branch that is 1/C and 2-conductor/Phase, six 1/C cables will be generated in the UGS. These physical cables are named as Cable43-1F, Cable43-1R, Cable43-1Ct, Cable43-2F, Cable43-2R, Cable43-2Ct respectively, where “Cable43” is the cable name and “F”, “R”, and “Ct” represent forward, return, and center tap conductors. The names of such physical cables are displayed in the editor, UGS view and report.

Single Phase -3 wire cable branch by 3/C (multi-core) cables For a 1-phase 3-wire cable branch that is 3/C and 2-conductor/Phase, two 3/C cables will be generated in the UGS. These physical cables are named as Cable51-1, Cable51-2 respectively, where “Cable51” is the

ETAP

47-28

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

cable name. In this case, three conductors from each cable will be carrying currents. The names of such physical cables are displayed in the editor, UGS view and report.

DC cable branch by 1/C (single core) cables For a DC cable branch that is 1/C and 2-conductor/Phase, four 1/C cables will be generated in the UGS. These physical cables are named as Cable39-1P, Cable39-1N, Cable39-2P, and Cable39-2N respectively, where “Cable39” is the cable name and “P” and “N” represent positive and negative conductors. The names of such physical cables are displayed in the editor, UGS view and report.

ETAP

47-29

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

DC cable branch by 3/C (multi-core) cables For a DC cable branch that is 3/C and 2-conductor/Phase, two 3/C cables will be generated in the UGS. These physical cables are named as Cable40-1, Cable40-2 respectively, where “Cable40” is the cable name. In this case two conductors from each cable will be carrying currents and one conductor will not be used. The names of such physical cables are displayed in the editor, UGS view and report.

ETAP

47-30

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

Move/Relocate Elements When an element (other than a cable) is added to a UGS presentation, according to the drop point, its coordinates (x and y) are updated automatically in its editor and in the Help Line at the bottom of your screen. You may relocate the element to new coordinates, either from its editor (Ref. X and Ref. Y for raceways and external heat sources, and Horiz. Dist. and Vert. Dist. for conduits and locations relative to their raceways reference point) or by dragging the element and watching the Help Line change to the desired position, as shown below.

X and Y Coordination of an Element in the Help Line To drag an element, first select the element that you want to move, place the cursor on top of the selected element. Click and hold the left mouse button, drag the element to the desired position, and release the left button.

Move Raceways, Heat Sources, and Locations (Conduits) Select the element, hold the left button, drag it to the new position, and then release the left button. When the cursor is placed on a selected element, the cursor becomes a movement symbol. The following graph shows the relationship between raceway reference points and other elements.

ETAP

47-31

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

The value of the reference Y for raceways and heat sources represents the depth of the elements below the earth’s surface. The value of the reference X determines the relative horizontal distance between raceways and heat sources. The reference X is irrelevant for a UGS presentation that has only one raceway. Rules • Elements CANNOT be relocated in Study Mode or in a Revision level of the database. • Elements CANNOT be overlapped. • All three phases of a cable must be routed through the same raceway, i.e., if you move one of the conductors, ETAP prompts you to move all conductors (placed together). You can also move a raceway (reference X and Y) or a location/conduit (horizontal and vertical distance) from its editor as shown below.

Move Cables You can graphically move any cable within a UGS. To move a cable, select the cable, hold the left button, drag it to the new location (conduit), and then release the left button. When you move a cable from one raceway to another raceway, all conductors for that cable will be moved.

ETAP

47-32

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

Move Cable2 from One Conduit to Another

Move Cable4 from Raceway RW1 to RW2

Cut (Delete) Elements When elements are cut, they are placed into the Dumpster (inside a Dumpster Cell). You can cut elements in Edit Mode only. When you cut an element or group of elements, they are deleted from UGS and placed in the Dumpster with the same IDs (engineering properties are preserved). Elements can be cut (deleted) three ways: • • •

Click on Edit in the menu bar, and then click on Cut. Click on the Cut button on the Project toolbar. Press the Delete key on the keyboard.

Rules • Elements can be cut in Edit Mode ONLY when Base Data is active. • Elements have to be selected in order for them to be Cut (deleted). • When a conduit or location that contains cables is cut, the cables are not deleted. They are moved into a container attached underneath of the raceway. This container is used to hold cables that belong to this raceway but are not assigned to a specific conduit or location. • When one or more raceways, cables, or heat sources are placed in the Dumpster, ETAP forms a new Dumpster Cell (element group) that holds these elements. ETAP automatically assigns the name of the Dumpster Cell.

ETAP

47-33

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

Copy Elements Elements are copied into the Dumpster (inside a Dumpster Cell). To copy an element or group of elements, right-click on top of the element and select Copy. When you copy an element or group of elements, they get copied into the Dumpster with new IDs while the engineering properties are preserved. Elements can be copied two ways: • •

Click on Edit in the menu bar, and then select Copy. Click on the Copy button in the Project toolbar.

Rules • Element can be copied in Edit Mode ONLY when Base Date is active. • Element must be selected before they can be copied. • When one or more raceways, cables, or heat sources are placed in the Dumpster, ETAP forms a new Dumpster Cell (element group) that holds these elements. ETAP automatically assigns the name of the Dumpster Cell. Select a raceway and +Drag to graphically copy raceways from a UGS presentation to the Dumpster. At first, the cursor becomes a preventive symbol (a red circle with a line across it). When you move the cursor on top of the Dumpster, it becomes a box symbol with a plus sign indicating that you can copy it to the Dumpster.

Paste Use the Paste command to copy the selected cell from the Dumpster into the UGS presentation. To paste a copy of the elements from a Dumpster Cell, first select the Cell from the Dumpster, activate the UGS presentation view you want the element to be pasted into, and then click on Paste. When you paste elements, they get copied into the UGS presentation with new IDs (engineering properties are preserved). Elements can be pasted two ways: • •

Click on Edit in the menu bar, and then select Paste. Click on the Paste icon in the Project toolbar.

Rules • • • • • • • •

You CANNOT paste if there are no Cells (element groups) in the Dumpster. Pasting can be done in Edit Mode ONLY when Base Data is active. Conduits or locations in the Dumpster CANNOT be deleted or purged unless the raceway containing these conduits or locations is deleted or purged. You can paste any Dumpster Cell you wish to by making it active from the Dumpster presentation. When you cut or copy elements to the Dumpster, the newly created Dumpster Cell becomes the active Cell. You CANNOT paste part of a Dumpster Cell; the entire contents of a Cell are pasted. You CANNOT paste Dumpster Cells that contain one-line diagram elements in UGS presentations. A UGS presentation can contain multiple raceways but not a duplicate raceway (i.e., a raceway CANNOT be placed twice in the same UGS presentation).

ETAP

47-34

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Editing a UGS

Size Elements When an element is added into a UGS presentation, its size is set to the default. You can graphically change the width and height of raceways, as well as, the outside diameter of conduits, locations, and heat sources. To change the size, select the element, move the cursor to the corner or edges of the selected element, and, when the cursor changes its shape, release the mouse button. You can see the new sizes on the Help Line. Note: You can also change the sizes from the Raceway Editor. Outside diameter (OD) of cables can only be changed from the Cable Editor.

Rules • •

Sizing elements can be done in Edit Mode ONLY when Base Data is active. Elements CANNOT overlap each other.

Hyperlinks You can add hyperlinks to the raceway presentation or cables.

ETAP

47-35

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

47.6 Underground Raceway System Rule Book A rule book is a system level file that contains various engineering rules / rules of thumb, standards and best practices for performing routine engineering tasks. The advantage of utilizing the rule book is that it can be shared across the organization ensuring that the companies / industry engineering standards are being followed consistently. A user can open and create their own rule files similar to library files. Along with copying and merging different rule files together.

Rules Menu The rule book can be access from the Rules menu either in Network Analysis or UGS system as shown below.

The following options are available under the Rules menu: • • • • • • •

UGS Open Save Save As Create Copy/Merge Purge

UGS This option launches the Underground Raceway System Rule Book Editor.

Open This option allows you to associate a rule book with your current ETAP project. When you open a new rule book, the association between the ETAP project and its existing rule book will be disconnected. A warning message as shown below is issued.

ETAP

47-36

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

Save Rule Book Select this option to save the entire associated rule book file. The Save option in the Library menu only saves the associated rule book file and is independent of the ETAP Save Project function in the File menu.

Save As Rule Book Select this option to save the current rule book file as a new rule book file. This new rule book file contains all the information in the current rule book file but now has a new name in an independent location. If the name for the new rule book file already exists in the selected location, it will request permission to overwrite the old rule book file, and then do so if you click Yes. The new rule book must have a .rul extension.

Create Rule Book This option allows you to create a new rule book and associate it with the current project file. The old rule book file will be disconnected.

Copy / Merge Rule Book ETAP allows merging of two rule book files (*.rul) using the copy/merge function. The typical application of the rule book Copy/Merge function can be accessed on the following two menus: 1. Rules menu on the main toolbar. 2. Right-click menu on the Rules folder in the System Manager. The Copy/Merge function allows you to merge partial (selected rules) or complete rule book file from one rule book (source) to another rule book (sink). The Copy/Merge function is enabled only for the Project Editor and Librarian access levels. The source rule book overwrites any duplicate information found in the sink rule book during the merge process.

ETAP

47-37

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

First Rule file The first rule file in the copy / merge is selected here. By default this file is the same as the project rule file.

Second Rule file The second rule file in the copy / merge is selected here. By default this field is blank.

File Opens a dialog to select the rule file to copy / merge.

Arrow The direction of Copy/Merge is specified by this button. The tail of the arrow is the source and the head of the arrow is the destination. It has two positions one is downward

ETAP

47-38

, the other is upwards

.

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

Connect the project to the merged rule When checked the project will automatically connect to the merged rule file (destination). For example, if the project is connected to the first rule file, but the merge is to the second rule file, then after completing the merge, the project will automatically connect to the second rule file.

Copy / Merge List A list of rule books and rules within the source rule file are displayed here. Checkboxes are available to check / uncheck which rules are copied to the destination rule file. If UGS is expanded the individual Rules will be available for checking and unchecking.

Copy / Merge Confirmation Clicking on Next will bring the Copy/Merge Confirmation dialog. A list of rules that will be copied is displayed, and another list of rule that will not be copied is also displayed.

Purge Rule Book This action will permanently delete all data from the current rule book file but not the rule book file itself. Be certain that you no longer require the rule book data prior to clicking on the Purge button.

Access Levels The type of actions a user can perform on the rule books will depend on the type of Access Level they are logged in as. Furthermore, ETAP needs to keep track of the Lock, Edited, and Checked by information (name and date) for individual rules defined within the rule book.

Add / Edit a Rule The access level and lock/unlock status determines if a rule can be added or edited by a user. A locked rule cannot be edited by a user until it is first unlocked. When a rule is first added it is unlocked, therefore, the Project Editor, Base Editor, Revision Editor, and Librarian can add a new rule. An unlocked rule can be edited by a Project Editor, Base Editor, Revision Editor, and Librarian.

ETAP

Access Level

Edit Unlocked Rule

Project Editor Base Editor Revision Editor Checker Browser Librarian Controller Operator

X X X X -

47-39

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

View Rule A locked rule can be viewed but not edited if the user has Project Editor, Base Editor, Revision Editor, Checker, or Librarian access level. Access Level

View Locked Rule

Project Editor Base Editor Revision Editor Checker Browser Librarian Controller Operator

X X X X X -

Lock/Unlock Rule Only Project Editors and Librarians have the rights to Lock or Unlock a Rule Access Level

Lock Rule

Project Editor Base Editor Revision Editor Checker Browser Librarian Controller Operator

X X -

Delete Rule The access level and lock/unlock status determines if a rule can be deleted by a user. A locked rule cannot be deleted by any access level. A rule must first be unlocked before it can be deleted. An unlocked rule can be deleted by a Project Editor, Base Editor, Revision Editor, and Librarian.

ETAP

Access Level

Delete Unlocked Rule

Project Editor Base Editor Revision Editor Checker Browser Librarian Controller Operator

X X X X -

47-40

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

Check Rule To check a rule the user must be logged in as Checker. Access Level

Check Rule

Project Editor Base Editor Revision Editor Checker Browser Librarian Controller Operator

X -

Copy/Merge To Copy/Merge Rules from other rule files, the user must have Project Editor or Librarian access level. Copy/Merge Rule File Project Editor X Base Editor Revision Editor Checker Browser Librarian X Controller Operator Access Level

Change Project Rule File To change the rule file used by the project the user must be logged in as Project Editor. Change Rule File Project Editor X Base Editor Revision Editor Checker Browser Librarian Controller Operator Access Level

ETAP

47-41

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

Save Rule File Access levels that can edit rules can save them as well Save Rule File Project Editor X Base Editor X Revision Editor X Checker Browser Librarian X Controller Operator Access Level

Create Rule File To create a new rule file the user must be logged in as Project Editor Create Rule File Project Editor X Base Editor Revision Editor Checker Browser Librarian Controller Operator Access Level

Purge Rule File To delete a rule file the user must be logged in as Project Editor or Librarian. Copy/Merge Rule File Project Editor X Base Editor Revision Editor Checker Browser Librarian X Controller Operator Access Level

ETAP

47-42

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

UGS Rule Book Manager This manager is also launched when the UGS rule book is selected from the Rules menu option.

Rule List The rules that are part of the selected rule book are listed here.

Lock A Locked or Unlocked image is displayed here. If the rule is locked, then the locked image will be displayed. If the rule is unlocked, then the unlocked image is displayed.

ID The ID of the rule is displayed here.

Type The type of the rule is displayed here, Non-Uniform or Circuit Level.

Unit Display the unit of measurement to sort the rules (inches or cm).

Edit Opens the rule editor for the selected rule.

Add Opens the rule editor for a new rule.

Delete Deletes the selected rule from the rule book. A confirmation message is displayed if an unlocked rule is deleted. Note that locked rules cannot be deleted unless they are unlocked.

ETAP

47-43

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

Copy Copies the selected rule to a new rule with the user-defined name.

Reference Edit or view the rule reference as a text.

Description Edit or view the rule description as alphanumeric text up to 100 characters.

Edited By The Edited by Name and Date are displayed here.

Checked By The Checked by Name and Date are displayed here.

Locked By The Locked by Name and Date are displayed here.

ETAP

47-44

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

UGS Rule Book Editor – Non-Uniform Rules – Adding Rules Clicking on Add in the Rule Book editor will open the Rule Book Editor. Note: When the rule has been locked, all fields become Display Only.

Rule ID The ID of the Rule is entered here. If Edit was clicked to open the rule editor, then the ID of the selected rule will be displayed, but cannot be changed.

Type The rule type is selected from the list. If Edit was clicked to open the rule editor, then the Type field is display only and cannot be changed. Rule types include: -

Non-Uniform Circuit Level

Unit Select the display units in inches or cm. If Edit was clicked to open the rule editor then the unit field is display only and cannot be changed.

Reference Edit the rule reference as a text.

Description Edit the rule description as alphanumeric text up to 100 characters.

ETAP

47-45

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

UGS Rule Book Editor – Non-Uniform Rules - Info Page Clicking on Edit in the Rule Book will also open the Rule Book Editor. The info page will include the edited by, checked by and locked by information in addition to the information entered when the rule was created.

Rule ID ID of the selected rule is displayed and cannot be changed.

Type Type field is display only and cannot be changed. Rule types include: - Non-Uniform - Circuit Level

Unit Unit field is display only and cannot be changed.

Reference Edit the rule reference as a text.

Description Edit the rule description as alphanumeric text up to 100 characters.

Edited By The Edited by Name and Date are displayed here.

Checked By The Checked by Name and Date are displayed here.

ETAP

47-46

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

Locked By The Locked by Name and Date are displayed here.

UGS Rule Book Editor – Non-Uniform Rules – Size Page The purpose for the non-uniform rules is to allow the user to specify the following rules for an underground raceway system setup: 1. Specify the conduit types commonly used for designing underground raceway systems 2. Specify the conduit sizes considered for various conduit types 3. Specify the minimum separation to maintain when placing conduits of various sizes to create an underground raceway The size page is used to define items 1 and 2, i.e. the commonly used conduit types and the sizes considered based on the conduit types.

Used Conduit Types These are the available conduit types / conduit materials that will be utilized as part of this rule. Note that if the company standard is to utilize e.g. PVC Schedule 40 then only that particular conduit type must be checked. Checking one conduit material in this list does not imply that the other types will not be available within the conduit editor. This selection only impacts raceways that are built using the UGS raceway wizard.

Available Select whether a particular size is available for the selected conduit material. This selection only impacts raceways that are built using the UGS raceway wizard and is only saved with the selected rule. You can always change the conduit size using the conduit editor.

ETAP

47-47

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

Trade Size Size specifies the standard diameter of a conduit in inches or centimeters. There are a variety of sizes to choose from. The English trade sizes are shown below: -

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 5.00 6.00

ID This is a non-editable field showing the internal diameter of the conduit in inches or cm.

OD This is a non-editable field showing the outside diameter of the conduit in inches or cm.

Thickness This is a non-editable field showing the conduit wall thickness in inches or cm.

ETAP

47-48

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

UGS Rule Book Editor – Non-Uniform Rules – Spacing Page The spacing page is used to enter or view the edge-edge spacing between conduit walls for various conduit sizes. This is a matrix of spacing between various conduit sizes and can be adjusted per the company rules or standards. The default values for this rule are obtained from General Cable Installation Manual and are primarily based on satisfying thermal requirements.

Size Based on the available sizes checked on the description page, generate a cumulative list of available sizes. Spacing value The spacing rules are user-defined numeric fields that give edge to edge spacing between conduits of various sizes. Note that this list is symmetrical so you only need to enter spacing between the sizes once. Spacing for example between 1 and 3 is used between size 3 and 1. Top-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway top edge to conduit edge spacing is defined. Side-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway side edge to conduit edge spacing is defined. Bottom-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway bottom edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

ETAP

47-49

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

UGS Rule Book Editor – Circuit Level Rules - Info Page Clicking on Edit in the Rule Book will also open the Rule Book Editor. The info page will include the edited by, checked by and locked by information in addition to the information entered when the rule was created.

Rule ID ID of the selected rule is displayed and cannot be changed.

Type Type field is display only and cannot be changed. Rule types include: -

Non-Uniform Circuit Level

Unit Unit field is display only and cannot be changed.

Reference Edit the rule reference as a text.

Description Edit the rule description as alphanumeric text up to 100 characters.

Edited By The Edited by Name and Date are displayed here.

ETAP

47-50

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

Checked By The Checked by Name and Date are displayed here.

Locked By The Locked by Name and Date are displayed here.

UGS Rule Book Editor – Circuit Level Rules – Size Page The purpose for the circuit level rules is to allow the user to specify the following rules for an underground raceway system setup: 1. Specify the conduit types commonly used for designing underground raceway systems 2. Specify the conduit sizes considered for various conduit types 3. Specify the minimum separation to maintain when placing conduits of various circuit or power levels next to each other The size page is used to define items 1 and 2, i.e. the commonly used conduit types and the sizes considered based on the conduit types.

Used Conduit Types These are the available conduit types / conduit materials that will be utilized as part of this rule. Note that if the company standard is to utilize e.g. PVC Schedule 40 then only that particular conduit type must be checked. Checking one conduit material in this list does not imply that the other types will not be available within the conduit editor. This selection only impacts raceways that are built using the UGS raceway wizard.

ETAP

47-51

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

Available Select whether a particular size is available for the selected conduit material. This selection only impacts raceways that are built using the UGS raceway wizard and is only saved with the selected rule. You can always change the conduit size using the conduit editor.

Trade Size Size specifies the standard diameter of a conduit in inches or centimeters. There are a variety of sizes to choose from. The English trade sizes are shown below: -

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 5.00 6.00

ID This is a non-editable field showing the internal diameter of the conduit in inches or cm.

OD This is a non-editable field showing the outside diameter of the conduit in inches or cm.

Thickness This is a non-editable field showing the conduit wall thickness in inches or cm.

ETAP

47-52

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

UGS Rule Book Editor – Circuit Level Rules – Circuit Level Page The rules page of the rule book will contain the following information when type of rule selected is circuit level based. These levels are based on circuit power levels, i.e. control power, LV power and/or MV power.

Circuit Level # ANSI 518-1982 defines circuit levels from level 1 through 4S. Additional circuit levels are provided for future expansion or handling of other standards. The following table is the overall summary of ANSI 5181982 standard. For more details, please refer to the standard. Circuit Level

ETAP

Type

Voltage

Amps

1

Analog Signal Digital Signal

< 50 V < 16 V

-

2

Analog Signal Switching Signal

> 50 V < 50 V

-

3

Switching Signal Analog Signal AC Feeders

> 50 V > 50 V -

< 20 A

4

AC & DC

0 - 1 kV

20 - 800 A

4S

AC & DC

> 1 kV

> 800 A

47-53

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

Avail. Clicking this selection indicates whether a particular condition (circuit level) is to be used as part of the overall rule or not.

ID This is the ID given to each condition. Circuit Level IDs 1 through 4S are fixed and cannot be changed. This ID is displayed in the conduit editor. Circuit Level 5, 6, 7 and 8 are user-defined and are editable.

Type This refers to the default type of conduit material used for each circuit level. This is a fixed list with the list of all available conduit types.

Conduit Size This refers to the size of conduit used for each circuit level. This is a fixed list with all available conduit sizes.

ETAP

47-54

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Rule Book

UGS Rule Book Editor – Circuit Level Rules – Spacing Page The spacing page is used to enter or view the edge-edge spacing between conduit walls for various circuit levels. This is a matrix of spacing between various circuit levels and can be adjusted per the company rules or standards. The default values for this rule are obtained from ANSI 518-1982. For the default rule the circuit level spacing has certain spaces that are colored in blue. The blue color indicates that these values are not based on ANSI 518-1982 electromagnetic interference standard but based on thermal spacing requirements.

Circuit Level # Circuit level # matrix between which spacing can be defined.

Spacing value The spacing rules are user-defined numeric fields that give edge to edge spacing between conduits of various circuit levels. Note that this list is symmetrical so you only need to enter spacing between the sizes once. Spacing for example between 1 and 3 is used between circuit level 3 and 1.

Top-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway top edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

Side-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway side edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

Bottom-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway bottom edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

ETAP

47-55

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Duct Bank Raceway Wizard

47.7 Duct Bank Raceway Wizard New raceways can be created using the New Raceway Wizard from the edit toolbar as shown below.

Raceway Arrangement There are three main options for using the wizard to create new raceways with associated conduits: -

ETAP

Uniform Non-Uniform (using rule book) Circuit Level (using rule book)

47-56

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Duct Bank Raceway Wizard

UGS Raceway Wizard – Uniform Use uniform selection when the raceway needs to be built using uniform conduit size, type and spacing. This option is particularly useful for building standard raceway layouts like 2x2, 3x3, 2x3, etc.

Row Enter the number of rows of conduits to include in the uniform raceway.

Column Enter the number of columns of conduits to include in the uniform raceway.

ETAP

47-57

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Duct Bank Raceway Wizard

Type Type specifies the type of material used in the fabrication of the conduit for duct bank raceways. You can select from a variety of options including: -

Metal Fiber Transite PVC-40 PVC-80 PVC-A Other

Size Size specifies the standard diameter of a conduit in inches or centimeters.

OD OD is the outside diameter of the chosen conduit size in inches or centimeters. This is a display only field.

Thickness Thickness is the wall thickness of the chosen conduit size in inches or centimeters. This is a display only field.

C-C Spacing Select whether the uniform conduit spacing for horizontal and vertical spacing is based on center to center spacing.

E-E Spacing Select whether the uniform conduit spacing for horizontal and vertical spacing is based on edge to edge spacing.

Horizontal Enter the horizontal spacing between the conduits in inches or centimeters.

Vertical Enter the vertical spacing between the conduits in inches or centimeters.

Distance to Reference Location – Horizontal Enter the distance from the reference location to the top edge of the raceway in inches or centimeters. This is the horizontal distance or distance in the X direction.

Distance to Reference Location – Vertical Enter the distance from the reference location to the top edge of the raceway in inches or centimeters. This is the vertical distance or distance in the Y direction.

Raceway Dimensions – Height This is the raceway height in inches or centimeters. Note that the minimum height is automatically calculated based on the number of conduits in rows, conduit spacing and margin spacing. This value can be modified greater than the minimum calculated value.

ETAP

47-58

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Duct Bank Raceway Wizard

Raceway Dimensions – Width This is the raceway width in inches or centimeters. Note that the minimum width is automatically calculated based on the number of conduits in columns, conduit spacing and margin spacing. This value can be modified greater than the minimum calculated value.

Top-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway top edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

Side-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway side edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

Bottom-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway bottom edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

Preview This shows the overall conduit layout based on the number conduits in rows & columns, spacing, margin spacing and raceway overall dimensions.

ETAP

47-59

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Duct Bank Raceway Wizard

UGS Raceway Wizard – Non-Uniform Select this option to create a new raceway using the spacing rules from the non-uniform rule book. This option creates the raceways with non-uniform conduit size and types but based on the spacing rules entered with respect to conduit size. These rules are used when adequate spacing is required in order to avoid thermal interaction between the conduits in close proximity.

ETAP

47-60

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Duct Bank Raceway Wizard

Rule Select from the drop down list, a list of rules that are setup in the rule book and applicable to non-uniform spacing. Note that rules for inches or centimeters are displayed based on the project unit selection.

Top-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway top edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

Side-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway side edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

Bottom-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway bottom edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

Size Click to launch the selected rule book and view the rule book information. If the rule book is not locked then the size selections within the rule book can be modified.

Spacing Click to launch the selected rule book and view the rule book information. If the rule book is not locked then the space selections within the rule book can be modified.

Distance to Reference Location – Horizontal Enter the distance from the reference location to the top edge of the raceway in inches or centimeters. This is the horizontal distance or distance in the X direction.

Distance to Reference Location – Vertical Enter the distance from the reference location to the top edge of the raceway in inches or centimeters. This is the vertical distance or distance in the Y direction.

Raceway Dimensions – Height This is the raceway height in inches or centimeters. Note that the minimum height is automatically calculated based on the number of conduits in rows, conduit spacing and margin spacing. This value can be modified greater than the minimum calculated value.

Raceway Dimensions – Width This is the raceway width in inches or centimeters. Note that the minimum width is automatically calculated based on the number of conduits in columns, conduit spacing and margin spacing. This value can be modified greater than the minimum calculated value.

Row The row information is automatically filled out based on the selected rule book. For example if 3 sizes are selected as part of the rule book then automatically 3 rows will be made available with the 3 selected sizes.

Quantity Enter number of conduits in each row.

Top – Down Arrow Select the row to move the conduits from one row and merge them into another neighboring row.

ETAP

47-61

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Duct Bank Raceway Wizard

Trade Size Size specifies the standard diameter of a conduit in inches or centimeters. The list of sizes is based on the number of sizes included in the selected rule book.

Type Type specifies the type of material used in the fabrication of the conduit for duct bank raceways. The list of conduit types is based on the number of conduit types included in the selected rule book.

OD View the outside diameter of the selected conduits in inches or centimeters.

Add Click to add additional rows to the list. Note that the rows will be appended to the tabular list.

Delete Click to delete the selected rows

Preview This shows the overall conduit layout based on the number conduits in rows, quantity, spacing, margin spacing and raceway overall dimensions.

ETAP

47-62

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Duct Bank Raceway Wizard

UGS Raceway Wizard – Circuit Level Select this option to create a new raceway using the spacing rules from the circuit level rule book. This option creates the raceways with non-uniform conduit size and types but based on the spacing rules entered with respect to circuit level of circuits routed through the conduits. These rules are used when adequate spacing is required in order to avoid EMI between the conduits in close proximity.

ETAP

47-63

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Duct Bank Raceway Wizard

Rule Select from the drop down list, a list of rules that are setup in the rule book and applicable to non-uniform spacing. Note that rules for inches or centimeters are displayed based on the project unit selection.

Top-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway top edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

Side-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway side edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

Bottom-Edge This is a user-defined field where the raceway bottom edge to conduit edge spacing is defined.

Size Click to launch the selected rule book and view the rule book information. If the rule book is not locked then the size selections within the rule book can be modified.

Spacing Click to launch the selected rule book and view the rule book information. If the rule book is not locked then the space selections within the rule book can be modified.

Distance to Reference Location – Horizontal Enter the distance from the reference location to the top edge of the raceway in inches or centimeters. This is the horizontal distance or distance in the X direction.

Distance to Reference Location – Vertical Enter the distance from the reference location to the top edge of the raceway in inches or centimeters. This is the vertical distance or distance in the Y direction.

Raceway Dimensions – Height This is the raceway height in inches or centimeters. Note that the minimum height is automatically calculated based on the number of conduits in rows, conduit spacing and margin spacing. This value can be modified greater than the minimum calculated value.

Raceway Dimensions – Width This is the raceway width in inches or centimeters. Note that the minimum width is automatically calculated based on the number of conduits in columns, conduit spacing and margin spacing. This value can be modified greater than the minimum calculated value.

Row The row information is automatically filled out based on the selected rule book. For example if 3 sizes are selected as part of the rule book then automatically 3 rows will be made available with the 3 selected sizes.

Quantity Enter number of conduits in each row.

Top – Down Arrow Select the row to move the conduits from one row and merge them into another neighboring row.

ETAP

47-64

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Duct Bank Raceway Wizard

Trade Size Size specifies the standard diameter of a conduit in inches or centimeters. The list of sizes is based on the number of sizes included in the selected rule book.

Circuit Level Select the circuit level to assign to each row. The circuit levels 1 through 4S are based on definitions per ANSI 518.

Type Type specifies the type of material used in the fabrication of the conduit for duct bank raceways. The list of conduit types is based on the number of conduit types included in the selected rule book.

OD View the outside diameter of the selected conduits in inches or centimeters.

Add Click to add additional rows to the list. Note that the rows will be appended to the tabular list.

Delete Click to delete the selected rows

Preview This shows the overall conduit layout based on the number conduits in rows, quantity, spacing, margin spacing and raceway overall dimensions.

ETAP

47-65

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Editor

47.8 Underground System Editor The Underground System (UGS) Editor provides details regarding the overall layout of the underground system. This includes global properties such as soil type and temperature.

ID Enter a unique alphanumeric ID with a maximum of 25 characters. ETAP automatically assigns a unique ID to each UGS. The IDs consist of the word UGS plus an integer starting with the number one and increasing with the addition of each UGS. The default ID can be changed from the Defaults menu in the menu bar or from the System Manager.

Soil Soil refers to the surrounding earth for the raceway system. Backfill soil or concrete for raceways is specified in the Raceway Editor.

Type Select the soil type from the drop-down list.      

Average Dry Average Wet Clay Dry Clay Wet Sandy Dry Sandy Wet

Note: The selection of soil type will not affect the value of RHO.

ETAP

47-66

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Editor

RHO Enter the thermal resistivity of the earth (soil) in degrees C-cm/Watt. The table below provides some typical thermal resistivity of common components. (Source: Electric Power Distribution Equipment and Systems). Components XLPE Insulation EPR Insulation Paper Insulation PE Jackets PVC Jackets Plastic ducts Concrete Thermal Fill Soil Water Air

Thermal Resistivity Degrees C-cm/W 350 500 700 350 500 480 85 60 90 160 4000

The table below provides some typical thermal resistivity of common types of soil (Source: Electric Power Distribution Equipment and Systems). United Soil Classification System (USCS)

Soil

Thermal Resistivity (Wet) Degrees C-cm/W

GW GP GM GC SW SP SM SC ML CL OL MH CH OH Pt

Well graded gravel Poor graded gravel Silty gravel Clayey gravel Well graded sand Uniform sand Silty sand Clayey sand Silt Silty clay Organic silt Micaceous silt Clay Soft organic clay Silty peat

40 45 50 55 40 45 55 60 65 70 90 75 85 110 150

Thermal Resistivity (Dry) Degrees C-cm/W 120 190 140 150 130 300 170 180 240 210 350 300 270 400 > 600

Temperature Ambient Ambient refers to the soil ambient temperature specified in degrees Celsius. The soil temperature is a constant from the surface of the soil to the deepest point considered in the underground raceway system.

ETAP

47-67

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Underground System Editor

Warning Warning refers to the conductor warning temperature specified in degrees Celsius. Each conductor, whose temperature is above the warning level and below the alarm level, will be shown in magenta after a cable temperature calculation study has been performed.

Alarm Alarm refers to the maximum allowable conductor temperature specified in degrees Celsius. Each conductor, whose temperature is above the alarm level, will be shown in red after a cable temperature calculation study has been performed.

Heat Sources This is the list of all external heat sources located in this underground raceway system. Each heat source is specified by an ID as well as its (center-point) X and Y coordinates. X and Y coordinates are specified from the upper left corner of your underground raceway system.

Raceways This is the list of all raceways (direct-buried or duct bank) located in this underground raceway system. Each raceway is specified by its ID, as well as, its reference point X and Y coordinates. The reference point is the upper-left corner of the raceway.

ETAP

47-68

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Raceway Editor

47.9 Raceway Editor The Raceway Editor consists of three separate pages or screens. These are the Raceway, Location, and Cable pages. The Location and Cable pages will not be displayed if there are no conduits/locations or cables in the raceway.

47.9.1 Raceway Page

Raceway Info ID Enter a unique alphanumeric ID with a maximum of 25 characters. ETAP automatically assigns a unique ID to each raceway (direct buried or duct bank). The default ID consists of RW plus an integer starting with the number one and increasing as the raceway numbers increase. The default ID can be changed from the Defaults menu in the menu bar or from the System Manager.

Ref.X Ref.X is the X coordinate for the reference point in inches or cm. The reference point is the upper left corner of the raceway. X and Y coordinates are specified from the upper left corner of your underground raceway system.

ETAP

47-69

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Raceway Editor

Ref.Y Ref.Y is the Y coordinate for the reference point in inches or cm. The reference point is the upper left corner of the raceway. X and Y coordinates are specified from the upper left corner of your underground raceway system.

Width Width specifies the raceway width in inches or in centimeters. The width of the raceway begins from the raceway reference point and extends to the right.

Height Height specifies the raceway height in inches or in centimeters. The height of the raceway begins from the raceway reference point and extends down.

Fill Type Select the type of fill (material) from the list of options used in the construction of the raceway. Light Aggregate and Heavy Aggregate are options for duct bank raceways, and Average Dry, Average Wet, Sandy Dry, Sandy Wet, Clay Dry, and Clay Wet are options for direct buried raceways.

Fill RHO Fill RHO specifies the thermal resistance of the fill material. Units are specified in degrees Celsius centimeters per watt.

Cables in Raceway Displays a list of all the cables located in this raceway. Each cable is described with its ID, the number of conductors per phase, the number of conductors per cable, and which location (conduit) the cable is located in.

ETAP

47-70

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Raceway Editor

47.9.2 Location Page

Conduit/Location Info Conduit Enter a unique alphanumeric ID with a maximum of 25 characters. ETAP automatically assigns a unique ID to each location or conduit. The default IDs consist of Loc (for direct buried locations) or Cond (for duct bank conduits) plus an integer starting with the number one and increasing as the location/conduit numbers increase. The default ID can be changed from the Defaults menu in the menu bar or from the System Manager.

Horiz.Dist Horiz. Dist specifies the horizontal distance of the center point of the location (conduit) from the raceway reference point. The horizontal distance is specified in inches or in centimeters.

Vert. Dist Vert. Dist specifies the vertical distance of the center point of the location (conduit) from the raceway reference point. The vertical distance is specified in inches or in centimeters.

Type (Conduit) Type specifies the type of material used in the fabrication of the conduit for duct bank raceways. This field is not active for direct buried raceways. You can select from a variety of options including:

ETAP

47-71

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems • • • • • • •

Raceway Editor

Metal Fiber Transite PVC-40 PVC-80 PVC-A Other

Size (Conduit) Size specifies the standard diameter of a conduit in inches or centimeters. There are a variety of English trade sizes to choose from including: • • • • • • • • • • • •

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 5.00 6.00

There are also a variety of Metric trade sizes (mm) to choose from including: • 16 • 21 • 27 • 35 • 41 • 53 • 63 • 78 • 91 • 103 • 129 • 155

OD (Conduit) OD specifies the outside diameter of a conduit in inches or centimeters. For standard size conduits, ETAP provides the outside diameter of the conduit based on the conduit type.

Thickness (Conduit) Thickness specifies the thickness of the material used to fabricate the conduit in inches or centimeters. For standard size conduits, ETAP provides the conduit thickness based on the conduit size and type.

Assigned for Circuit Level Click to assign the conduit circuit level based on the cable type (Control or Power)

ETAP

47-72

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Raceway Editor

47.9.3 Cable Page

Cable Type Cable type specifies details regarding the selected cable header and size. The details include manufacturer, type, voltage rating, loading factor, number of conductors per cable, conductor material type, and magnetic or non-magnetic installation type.

Size Size specifies the cable size using international standards. The units for cable sizing are AWG/kcmil for English unit cables and mm2 for Metric unit cables. Note: For rapid selection, ETAP provides the list of all available cable sizes from the selected library. Changing the cable size will update pertinent cable data from the library.

Cable Editor Clicking on the Cable Editor button will open the editor for the selected cable. The Cable Editor contains electrical and physical data used in both the one-line diagram and the underground raceway systems. Any changes made in the Cable Editor will be reflected on the Cable page of the Raceway Editor.

Cable Routing Cable routing specifies the conduit or location where this cable is installed (routed) in every underground raceway system for this project. Details include the raceway ID, the type of raceway, i.e., direct buried or duct bank, and which underground raceway system the raceway is located in.

ETAP

47-73

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

External Heat Source

47.10 External Heat Source

External heat sources can be placed in underground raceway systems to simulate steam pipes or other sources of heat in the vicinity of raceways.

Info ID Enter a unique alphanumeric ID with a maximum of 25 characters. ETAP automatically assigns a unique ID to each external heat source. The IDs consist of HS plus an integer starting with the number one and increasing as the external heat source numbers increase. The default ID can be changed from the Defaults menu in the menu bar or from the System Manager.

Ref. X Ref. X is the X coordinate reference for the focal (center point) of the external heat source in inches or cm. X and Y coordinates are specified from the upper left corner of your underground raceway system.

Ref. Y Ref. Y is the Y coordinate reference for the focal (center point) of the external heat source in inches or cm. X and Y coordinates are specified from the upper left corner of your underground raceway system.

Outside Diameter Outside diameter specifies the diameter of the external heat source in inches or cm. The thermal energy produced by the external heat source uses a constant temperature for the entire external heat source. The larger the diameter, the greater the thermal energy provided by the external heat source. The outside diameter is specified in inches or in centimeters.

Operating Temp. Operating Temp. specifies the surface operating temperature of the external heat source in degrees Celsius. The temperature is constant throughout the external heat source.

ETAP

47-74

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Calculation Methods

47.11 Calculation Methods ETAP provides five types of cable derating calculations, namely, steady-state temperature calculation, uniform-ampacity ampacity calculation, uniform-temperature ampacity calculation, cable sizing, and transient temperature calculation. In the calculations, all conductors from the same cable branch are presumed to equally share the total line current. They can be located in the same conduit/location or different conduits/locations in the same raceway. Note: The cables located in different conduits/locations in general will not have the same temperature, even though they carry the same load current. However, if they are located in the same conduit/location, the calculated temperature will be the same. The raceway system can contain several raceways and external heat sources. The calculation considers the mutual heat effect of cables in the same raceway as well as in different raceways. It also considers the heat effect from external heat sources.

Raceway Width and Height Ratio Based on the Neher-McGrath calculation method, and as indicated in Appendix II of “The Calculation of the Temperature Rise and Load Capability of Cable System,” formulas used for determining the geometric factor Gb for duct bank apply to Y/X ratios less than 2; where the X and Y quantities are the smaller and larger dimensions of the duct bank cross section, respectively. According to IEC 60287-2-1, section 2.2.7.3, formulas for external thermal resistance of the duct are only valid for Y/X ratios less than 3; where the X and Y quantities are the shorter and longer dimensions of the duct bank cross section, respectively.

Cables with De-Energized Conductors For a DC or a single-phase cable branch, it is possible that some of the cable conductors may not carry current. For example, consider that a single-phase branch needs five conductors per phase to carry its load. Since a single-phase circuit has a forward and a return path, it requires ten conductors in total. If for some reason three-conductor cables are used for this branch, four, three-conductor cables will be needed, which equals a total of twelve conductors. This leaves two of the twelve conductors as non-currentcarrying (de-energized) conductors. ETAP will spread non-current-carrying conductors among individual cables for the branch. In this case, two of the four cables will have only two conductors carrying current. In the Cable Temperature section of the Output Report, ETAP reports the number of energized conductors for each individual cable.

Voltage Used for Calculating Cable Dielectric Losses Since the cable dielectric losses are directly related to the voltage applied on the insulation layer, the cable operating voltage should be used for this calculation. In ETAP, if a cable is a branch cable or an equipment cable, the nominal kV of the cable terminal bus will be used. For an underground cable (no terminal bus), the cable rated voltage is used. In the report, the voltage applied on the insulation layer is printed under the “Insulation Layer kV” column.

Modeling of DC Cables A DC cable is handled in a similar way to that of an AC cable in cable derating calculations. However, since the current flowing through and the voltage applied on a DC cable are DC current and voltage, the losses in an AC cable due to AC current nature do not apply to a DC cable. These losses include loss due ETAP

47-75

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Calculation Methods

to conductor proximity and skin effect, losses in shield, sheath, and armor layer, loss in a steel conduit, and cable die-electric loss. For a DC cable, all these losses are equal to zero.

47.11.1 Steady-State Temperature Calculation The Steady-State Cable Temperature calculation determines the temperature of all the cable conductors involved in the raceway system under a specified loading condition. The calculation is based on the IEC 60287 standard or the NEC accepted Neher-McGrath approach, which employs a thermal circuit model to represent heat flow situations. It is assumed that the cables have been carrying the specified load long enough that the heat flow has reached its steady-state and no more changes of temperature will occur throughout the raceway system. The cable temperature calculated is dependent on raceway system configuration, cable loading, and the location of each particular cable. The most important differences between the IEC 60287 and Neher-McGrath approaches are listed below. 1. The Neher-McGrath approach uses a user defined load factor, whereas the IEC 60287 approach assumes a unity load factor. 2. IEC 60287 gives analytical expressions for the computation of the geometric factor of three-core cable insulation, whereas the Neher-McGrath approach makes a reference to the paper by Simmons (1932). 3. The Neher-McGrath approach uses the thermal resistivity, power/loss factors and dielectrical constants as defined in the file insullib.mdb, located in the Table directory under the ETAP installation directory. The relevant values used in IEC 60287 are as defined in the standard. When a material is not given in IEC Table, a conservative value of 6.0 is used for IEC cable derating. 4. Calculation of losses in magnetic armor is treated only qualitatively in the Neher-McGrath approach with references to the literature for complex computational methods. Relevant approximations are proposed in IEC 60287. 5. The insulation resistance calculation for three-conductor cables is different between the NeherMcGrath approach and IEC 60287 standard, which may result in significant difference in cable thermal resistance value. 6. For IEC 60287, PVC material shall be used for jacket or overall covering whereas Polyvinyl Chloride material shall be used for insulation. Due to the differences between the Neher-McGrath and IEC 60287 Methods as mentioned above, it is expected that for the same underground system, the two methods may produce different results.

Calculate 3/C Cable G1 by IEC Method When the Neher–McGrath Method is selected in the Cable Derating Study Case for UGS calculations, the geometric factor G1 for insulation thermal resistance can be calculated using the same method specified in IEC 60287 by setting the Preferences option “Calculate 3/C Cable G1 by IEC Method” to 1. Note that the Option (Preference) dialog box can only be opened from the Tools menu when an OLV presentation is on focus.

ETAP

47-76

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Calculation Methods

Maximum Number of Iterations The maximum number of iterations for the steady-state and transient temperature calculations is set to 50. To modify, change the value for the Max. No. of Iterations for Temperature Calculations entry in Options (Preferences).

47.11.2 Cable Ampacity Calculation The Cable Ampacity calculation determines the maximum allowable load current that the cables in a raceway system can carry under the specified system conditions and the cable conductor temperature limit. ETAP provides two approaches to ampacity calculation: Uniform-Ampacity calculation and Uniform-Temperature calculation. Both approaches employ the NEC accepted Neher-McGrath Method to calculate cable temperature, but they differ in the criteria used to determine the maximum allowable load current.

47.11.3 Uniform-Ampacity (UA) Ampacity Calculation This approach is based on the equal loading criterion for ampacity calculation. It determines the maximum allowable load currents when all the cables in the system are equally loaded to the same percentage of their base loading. The base load is obtained from the Cable Library for the appropriate system configuration type, such as duct bank or directly buried raceways. The calculation involves an iterative process of cable temperature calculation and load adjusting, as listed below. 1. Determine an initial loading level based on the base ampacity from the Cable Library and using cable derating factors for the given configuration. 2. Calculate cable temperature as in the steady-state temperature calculation described above. 3. Check cable temperature values against the cable temperature limit. 4. If the temperature of the hottest cable is within close range of the temperature limit, the solution has been reached. If not, adjust the cable loading uniformly at the same percentage, either increasing or decreasing the loading in order to make the highest cable temperature come closer to the temperature limit. Then go to back to step 2 to recalculate cable temperature. If the Update Currents from Ampacity Calc option is checked in the Study Case, the cable allowable current is updated by the calculated ampacity.

Maximum Number of Iterations The maximum number of iterations for uniform-ampacity and uniform-temperature calculations is set to 200. To modify, change the value for the Max. No. of Iterations for UT and UA Calculations entry in Options (Preferences).

Cables with Fixed Current If the Fixed Current box in the Leading page of the Cable Editor is checked for a cable, the load current for this cable will be held constant in the ampacity calculation. The cable current used in the calculation depends on the Initial/Steady-State Amp selection in the Study Case.

ETAP

47-77

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Calculation Methods

47.11.4 Uniform-Temperature (UT) Ampacity Calculation This approach is based on the equal temperature criterion for ampacity calculation. It determines the maximum allowable load currents when all the cables in the system have their temperature within a small range of the temperature limit. Since all the conductors in a cable branch are assumed to equally share the load current, in the case where these conductors are not located in the same conduit/location, they may not have the same temperature. When this situation occurs, the temperature of the hottest conductor in this cable branch will be used to represent this cable branch. The calculation involves an iterative process, which adjusts cable loading current in each iteration so that the cable temperature approaches the temperature limit. The load adjustment in each step is determined based on the gradient of cable temperature change and therefore offers fast convergence to the solution. The following steps are involved in the calculation: 1. Determine an initial loading level based on the base ampacity from the Cable Library and using cable derating factors for the given configuration. 2. Calculate cable temperature as in the steady-state temperature calculation described above. 3. Check cable temperature values against the cable temperature limit. If the temperature values of all the cables are within close range of temperature limit, the solution has been reached. If not, determine the load change required for the cable temperature to approach the temperature limit based on the gradient of cable temperature change. 4. Update the cable loading and go back to step 2 to recalculate cable temperature. If the Update Currents from the Ampacity Calculation option is checked in the Study Case, the cable allowable current will be updated by the calculated ampacity. If for any of the cables the Fixed Current option from the Loading page of the Cable Editor is checked then Uniform Temperature calculations cannot be conducted. In this situation ETAP stops the calculations and provide an error message informing the user that UGS contains a cable with fixed ampacity.

Maximum Number of Iterations The maximum number of iterations for uniform-ampacity and uniform-temperature calculations is set to 200. To modify, change the value for the Max. No. of Iterations for UT and UA Calculations entry in Options (Preferences).

Acceleration Factor The uniform-temperature ampacity acceleration factor has a range between 0.0 and 2.0. The value can be set higher than the default setting of 0.5 to speed up the calculation; however, the calculation may diverge. To modify, change the value for the UT Ampacity Acceleration Factor entry in Options (Preferences).

47.11.5 Cable Sizing The Cable Sizing calculation determines the minimum size for each cable that will carry the specified load current without violating the cable temperature limit. The cables considered as candidates for cable sizing are the ones that are flagged as available cables in the Cable Library of the same cable type, that is, they have the same voltage, insulation, conductor type, etc., as the cable to be sized.

ETAP

47-78

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Calculation Methods

The calculation is an iterative process involving repetitively adjusting the cable size and calculating cable temperature. The cable temperature calculation is done in the same way as the steady-state temperature calculation described above. If there are no available alternative sizes for a cable, the cable will be considered not changeable. If a solution is reached, calculation results will be reported in the Output Report and the cables involved in the study will be changed to the new sizes if the Update Size option is checked in the Study Case.

Maximum Number of Iterations The maximum number of iterations for cable sizing calculations is set to 1000. To modify, change the value for the Max. No. of Iterations for UGS Cable Sizing entry in Options (Preferences).

Cables with Fixed Size If the Fixed Size box in the Loading page of the Cable Editor is checked for a cable, the size of this cable will not be changed in the Cable Sizing Studies.

47.11.6 Transient Temperature Calculation The transient temperature calculation yields cable temperature variations as a function of time in accordance to load changes. While the steady-state temperature calculation can be used to check the cable temperature under constant loading, the transient temperature calculation provides a tool to verify operation conditions of the raceway systems against the cable short-time or emergency temperature limits. In most cases, the short-time maximum allowable temperature of a cable is considerably higher than its steady-state temperature limit. For loads that have high peak values for only a short period of time, the transient temperature calculation can be used to determine the cable peak temperature and its duration, and to compare against its short-time maximum allowable temperature, resulting in a more economical design of your raceway systems.

ETAP

47-79

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Calculation Methods

The transient temperature calculation is based on a dynamic thermal model of the raceway system, constructed mainly from thermal resistance, thermal capacitance, and heat sources. The thermal resistance is used to represent different thermal layers from the cable conductor to ambient soil. The thermal capacitance is used to represent the capability of each layer to absorb the heat. When you change the cable loading, the heat generated by the loss in the conductor will change accordingly, resulting in a variation of the heat flow dissipated from the cable conductor to the ambient soil. As a result, the cable conductor temperature will vary to follow the load change pattern, at a rate of temperature change that depends on the resistance and capacitance values of the circuit. The cable load variations are defined in the Load Profile of the Cable Editor. The initial state of the raceway system is based on the initial load specified in the Cable Derating Study Case, either the load profile (the first current value in the profile list) or the operating load. It is assumed that all cables initially carry the initial load and have reached the steady-state.

Maximum Number of Iterations The maximum number of iterations for the steady-state and transient temperature calculations is set to 50. To modify this value, change the value for the Max. No. of Iterations for Temperature Calculations entry in Options (Preferences).

Maximum Transient Steps Maximum number of transient steps is set to 5000. To modify this value, change the value for the Max. No. of Steps for Transient Temp Calculations entry in Options (Preferences).

ETAP

47-80

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Required Data

47.12 Required Data 47.12.1 Underground Raceway System Data The data for the underground raceway system can be entered from the Underground System Editor. The minimum requirement for underground system data includes soil type, soil thermal resistivity, and ambient temperature.

47.12.2 Raceway Data Two types of raceways are supported in the current version of ETAP: Duct Bank Raceway and Direct Buried Raceway. Raceway data can be entered from the Raceway page of the Raceway Editor. The minimum requirement for raceway data includes raceway dimension, raceway fill type, and its thermal resistivity. You can run studies with raceways that contain no cables. However, you cannot run studies if the raceway contains unassigned cables (cables that are assigned to a raceway but are not located in a specific conduit or location).

Conduit/Location Data The data for conduit/location can be entered into the Location page of the Raceway Editor. A conduit/location can be empty (contain no cables).

Conduit A conduit can only be placed in a duct bank raceway. The minimum requirements for conduit data include location, type, outside diameter, and thickness.

Location A location is a specified space in a direct buried raceway in which cables are placed. Location can only be assigned to a direct buried raceway. The only requirement for location data is its location.

Cable Data Cable data is entered into several pages of the Cable Editor.

Data from the Info Page The cable type data must be available before performing any cable derating calculation. You can select cable type from the Cable Library by clicking on the Library button. Other data that are needed for cable derating calculations and that can be entered into the Info page include the cable size and the number of conductors per phase. Special attention should be given to the Link to Library box. When this box is checked, the cable derating calculation will extract the cable physical data directly from the Cable Library; otherwise it will use the data from the Physical page of the Cable Editor.

ETAP

47-81

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Required Data

Physical Page This page is designed especially for entering parameters employed in cable derating calculations. These parameters describing the physical aspect of a cable are required to calculate cable electrical resistance, thermal resistance of different layers, dielectric losses, etc.

Loading Page The data entered in this page describe the loading condition of a cable. The Transient Load Profile data is used for transient temperature calculation. The Operating Load or the first current value in the Transient Load Profile list are used, depending on the selection in the Cable Derating Study Case, as the initial or steady-state load current in the transient temperature calculation, steady-state temperature calculation, and cable sizing. The Load Factor is used in all types of cable derating calculations to represent cyclic load conditions. The Projection Multiplication Factor is used to modify cable loading in the transient temperature calculation, steady-state temperature calculation, and cable sizing, if the corresponding option is checked in the Cable Derating Study Case. The Sheath/Armor Current is specified as a percentage of the load current. It represents the situation where the sheath/armor is intentionally utilized to carry part of the load current. In all other situations, sheath/armor current should be set to zero. The Sheath/Armor Current is considered by the NeherMcGrath Method only.

Ampacity Page The Application Multiplication Factor is used to modify cable loading in the transient temperature calculation, steady-state temperature calculation, and cable sizing, if the corresponding option is checked in the Cable Derating Study Case.

External Heat Source Data The external heat source data required for cable derating calculations include the location of the external heat source, its outside diameter, and its temperature.

Study Case Prior to performing any type of cable derating calculations, a Cable Derating Study Case must be selected. The Study Case contains information necessary to carry out the calculation.

ETAP

47-82

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Output Reports

47.13 Output Reports The UGS calculation results are reported both on the one-line diagram and in the Crystal Reports format. You can use the UGS Report Manager (from the Study toolbar) or View Output Report button (from the Study Case toolbar) to view the Output Reports. You can view the report in the Crystal Reports viewer, or save the report in PDF, MS Word, Rich Text Format, or Excel formats. If you wish this selection to be the default for reports, click the Set As Default checkbox.

47.13.1 Cable Derating Systems Report Manager After running the Cable Derating Systems Study, click on the Report Manager button located on the Study Case toolbar, or select the Crystal Report format from the Cable Derating Systems toolbar, to open and view the Crystal Report output. The Cable Derating Systems Study Crystal Report contains the following major sections:

Complete Page Selects a report format that provides the Complete Output Report.

Input Page Provides the format for different input data.

Result Page Provides the format for different calculation results.

Summary Page Provides the summary from the calculation results.

ETAP

47-83

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Output Reports

47.13.2 Cable Derating Systems Crystal Report After running the Cable Derating Systems Study, click on the Report Manager button located on the Study Case toolbar, or select the Crystal Report format from the Cable Derating Systems toolbar, to open and view the Crystal Output Report. The Cable Derating Systems Study Crystal Report contains the following major sections:

Input Page This section reports the input data related to the System, Cable, External Heat Source, Conduit and Raceway.

Cover Data The Cover Data includes the general information about the project, the Study Cases, the version of ETAP, and the underground raceway system, such as the numbers of raceways and external heat sources, etc. It also reports the Type, RHO and ambient temperature of Soil, and temperature limits.

ETAP

47-84

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Output Reports

External Heat Source Data This section reports the External Heat Source information. It shows the Locations, OD’s, and temperatures of external heat sources.

Duct Bank Raceway Data This section reports the Duct Bank Raceway information. It shows the physical information of the Duct Bank Raceways, such as their Locations, Dimensions, Fill Materials, and Numbers of Conduits and Cables.

Conduit Data This section reports the Conduit information. It shows the physical information of conduits, such as their Locations, Type, Size, Thickness, OD, RHO, Thermal Resistance, and Fill%.

ETAP

47-85

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Output Reports

Cable Data This section reports the Cable information. It mainly shows the physical information of cables, such as Size, Rated kV, Current, and parameters of Conductor, Insulation, Sheath, and Jacket.

For the Steady-State Temperature calculation, the Size and Current columns are cable existing size and load current respectively. For the Cable Sizing calculation, the Size column is the calculated cable size. For the Ampacity calculation, the Current column is the calculated cable ampacity. In ETAP 12, new fields have been added for cable physical parameters. It allows for a cable to have both sheath and armor layers. The end grounding connection of shield layer can be set separately from that of sheath/armor layer. The order of layers of a cable can also be specified in Cable Library. For a threeconductor cable, its sheath and armor layers are assumed to encompass all three conductors.

Result Page This section reports the results related to Cables. The Output Reports of calculation results are formatted according to the types of calculation being performed.

Steady-State Temperature Calculation This section of the Output Report starts with cable ID, followed by conduit/location ID. It then presents the main result information for cables, including cable dielectric losses and conductor temperatures from the steady-state temperature calculation The calculation results are listed for each individual cable. For example, in the sample report given below, Cable8 is a three-phase, one-conductor AC cable with one conductor per phase, which results in three

ETAP

47-86

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Output Reports

individual one-conductor cables. In the report, individual cables are identified with a specific suffix, such as 1A, 1B, and 1C, to identify its phase and location. The suffix attached is the same as the one displayed in the Underground Raceway View.

Ampacity Calculation The ampacity calculation results are reported in the same format as the steady-state temperature calculation, the only difference being that the cable current value reported is the cable maximum allowable load instead of the actual cable load current.

Cable Sizing Calculation The cable sizing calculation results are reported in the same format as the steady-state temperature calculation, the only difference being that the cable size reported is the smallest cable size that can carry the specified load current without violating the cable temperature limit.

Transient Temperature Calculation The results of the transient temperature calculation are represented in both Crystal Report and plot formats. The Crystal Report has the same format as the report generated by the steady-state temperature calculation. The current printed is the final current value at end of the simulation. As the cable temperature varies with time, the temperature values reported is the highest temperature value during the simulation period.

ETAP

47-87

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Output Reports

The temperature plots can be viewed by clicking on the View Cable Temperature Plots button on the Cable Derating toolbar. The Printing and Plotting Chapter describes features that will be helpful in viewing the plot.

ETAP

47-88

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Output Reports

Summary Page This page summarizes calculation results for each individual cable, including cable location, size, current, and temperature. For the Transient Temperature calculation, the current printed is the final current value and the temperature is the highest temperature value during the simulation period.

ETAP

47-89

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Plots

47.14 Plots Click on the Plot icon to open the Cable Selection dialog box, which contains all the cables in the raceway system. Clicking on a cable will select the cable for plotting its temperature. If a cable is already selected, clicking on it again will deselect that cable. Clicking the OK button will open the Plot View, which will display the transient temperature for the selected cables. The Cable Selection dialog box displays the cable ID along with the conduit/location ID in which the cables are located and the raceway ID. Note: You can have more than one raceway in a U/G system, and the same cable can be placed in more than one raceway.

Temperatures for up to sixteen cables can be displayed in one plot. If more than sixteen cables are selected, the temperature for the first sixteen cables will be displayed in the plot. The Cable Transient Temperature plot indicates temperatures of selected cables as functions of time. You can change the size and font of the text (labels) by double-clicking on the labels. You can also change the type and color of plots (curves) by double-clicking on them. For more details, refer to Printing and Plotting.

ETAP

47-90

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Plots

Plots, which are generated as a result of transient temperature calculations, can be printed by any printer supported by your Windows platform. To print a plot, display the plot view, make formatting modifications, if required, and select the Print command from the File menu. You may have several plot views displayed on your screen; however, only one plot can be active at any time. The printed plot size is currently set to the size of the paper on which it is being printed.

Modifying Plot Parameters Plot parameters such as plot line type, axis, legend, and text can be modified directly from the plot view. For example, to modify plot line type, double-click on the plot line and change the line type from the Plot Parameter Editor. For more details see the chapter on Printing and Plotting.

ETAP

47-91

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Tutorial

47.15 Tutorial This tutorial provides a brief overview of the operation of the Underground Raceway System (UGS). Once you finish this tutorial, you will be familiar with some the key features and capabilities of the program and the various options available for performing cable derating analysis. Cable derating analysis is an important part of power system design and analysis. For designing a new system, it determines the proper size of cables to carry the specified loads. For analysis of an existing system, it examines cable temperatures and determines their ampacities.

Launching ETAP and Opening the Example Project Start the ETAP program by double-clicking on the icon.

ETAP organizes your work on a project basis. Each project provides all the necessary tools and support for modeling and analyzing an electrical power system. A project consists of an electrical system that requires a unique set of electrical components and interconnections. In ETAP, each project provides a set of users, user access controls, and a separate database in which its elements and connectivity data are stored. Follow these simple steps to open the EXAMPLE project file. Enter your User Name in the Logon Editor and select the Project Editor option in the Select Access Level Editor.

ETAP

47-92

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Tutorial

The Example project includes a one-line diagram of an electrical system. Notice the UGS1 view located behind the Study View. Click on the UGS1 view to bring it to the foreground or click on the UGS button on the System toolbar.

ETAP

47-93

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Tutorial

47.15.1 Cross-Section Diagrams and Editors ETAP provides a fully graphical Underground (U/G) Raceway System. Each ETAP project supports a unique U/G raceway system with multiple views of the U/G system. Each view is conceptually a crosssection of the desired raceways and heat sources that are in the same vicinity.

Notice the toolbars on the top and the right-hand side of the U/G raceway cross-section view.

ETAP

47-94

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Tutorial

Editors

 

 

 

ETAP

Double-click on the raceway RW1 and view the Raceway Editor. This editor includes Raceway, Location, and Cable information. Flip through the pages and familiarize yourself with the Raceway Editor. Note: The Help button is available on each page of all editors.

Click on OK and close the editor. Double-click on the underground system (soil) and view Underground System Editor. This editor provides details regarding the overall layout of underground raceways, which includes global properties such as soil type and temperature.

Click on OK and close the editor. Double-click on the External Heat Source. External heat sources can be placed in underground raceway systems to simulate steam pipes or other sources of heat in the vicinity of raceways.

47-95

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Tutorial

47.15.2 Menu Bars and Toolbars ETAP Menu Bar

The ETAP Menu Bar contains a comprehensive collection of menu options. This menu bar is displayed when a UGS view is active. The ETAP menu bar contains a list of menu options which, when an option is selected, activates a drop-down list of commands. Some of the menu options also activate an additional list of menus (an arrow pointing to the right denotes an additional menu). For example, select Project, Settings, and Data Type.

Project Toolbar

The Project toolbar contains icons that allow you to perform shortcuts of many commonly used functions in ETAP.

Mode Toolbar

Underground raceway system has two modes of operation: Edit and U/G Cable Raceway.

Edit Mode Edit Mode allows you to create a cross-section view of your underground raceway system.

 ETAP

Click on the Edit Mode of the UGS Mode toolbar.

47-96

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

  

Tutorial

To add elements to the UGS view you click on the elements on the Edit toolbar and add it to the UGS view. Lets start by adding a New Duct Bank Raceway to the UGS view. Then add two New Conduits to the raceway. Resize a conduit as follows: • • • •

Click once on one of the conduits so it is selected.

Then move your cursor to one corner of the selection box. A double-end arrow appears. Left-click, hold, and drag the cursor. Release the cursor when the desired conduit size is reached.

Note: You can also resize a conduit from its editor.

ETAP

47-97

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Tutorial



Next click on the New Cable icon on the Edit toolbar and add a cable to the conduit. Then double-click on the cable cross-section and select a cable from the library. • • •

ETAP

Select different cable sizes and notice how the cross-section size of the cable changes accordingly. Click on one conductor and notice the cable phase annotation. Select a conductor and drag it to the second conduit.

47-98

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Tutorial

Study Mode Cable Derating Study Mode enables you to create and modify Study Cases, perform system analysis, and view Output Reports and plots.



Click on the U/G Cable Raceway icon on the Mode toolbar to go to the Cable Derating Study Mode. Cable Derating Study toolbar and Cable Derating Study Case toolbar are available in the Study Mode of operation.

Cable Derating Study Toolbar When a Study Mode is active (selected), the Study toolbar for the selected study is displayed on the right side of the screen.

You can run studies, view Output Reports, view plots, and change display options by clicking on the buttons on the Study toolbar. Cable Derating Study Case Toolbar and Editor When ETAP is in Study Mode, the Study Case toolbar appears on the top toolbar. This toolbar contains Cable Derating Study Case, Output Report name, and viewer.

Click on the Edit Study Case icon on the Study Case toolbar.

ETAP

47-99

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Tutorial

The Cable Derating Study Case Editor contains solution control variables, cable loading parameters, and options for Output Reports. ETAP allows you to create and save unlimited numbers of Study Cases. Cable derating calculations are conducted and reported in accordance with the settings you have specified in the Study Case Editor. Note: You can have an unlimited number of Study Cases and can easily switch between the Study Cases without the trouble of resetting the Study Case options each time. This feature is designed to organize your study efforts and save you time. Click on OK and close the editor.

ETAP

47-100

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Tutorial

47.15.3 Exercise Let’s do an exercise to get the feel of how UGS works. You learned how to add elements to the UGS view earlier in this tutorial. In this exercise you can run a study and study the calculation results.

Steps 1. Go to the System Manager and open UGS2 view. This is a working example and you can perform all Cable Derating Analyses for learning purposes.

This example consists of one Raceway (RW2), six conduits, and six routed cables. There is a steam pipe in the close vicinity of this raceway. 2. Activate UGS2 view by clicking once on the view. The Study toolbar appears on the right-hand side. 3. Run Steady-State Temperature Analysis by clicking on its icon.

ETAP

47-101

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems

Tutorial

4. View the Output Report for the calculated results. 5. Perform other calculation methods and view the Output Report.

ETAP

47-102

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Underground Raceway Systems Cable Temperature Conduit Cable Cable Location Temp No. ID ID (°C) ___ ____________________ ____________ 1 2 3 4 5 6

ETAP

Cable10 Cable2 Cable4-1A Cable1-1A Cable8-1A Cable3-1A

Loc1 Loc2 Loc3 Loc4 Loc5 Loc6

Tutorial

Calculated Results ______

54.84 70.41 66.08 76.18 88.51 81.94

47-103

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 48 Cable Pulling Systems The accurate prediction of cable pulling force is essential for the design of cable conduit systems. Application of this knowledge makes it possible to avoid over-conservative design practices and achieve substantial capital savings during construction. The Cable Pulling (CP) Presentation of ETAP is used to determine the tensions and the sidewall pressures a cable is subjected to when pulled into a conduit. The Cable Pulling Module is a fully integrated part of ETAP, enabling it to use existing cables within the one-line diagram or the underground cable raceway systems. It can account for cables of different sizes with complex pulling path geometry. A point-by-point calculation method is performed at every conduit bend and pull point. Both the forward and reverse pulling tensions are calculated to determine the preferred direction of pull. Some of the main features of the Cable Pulling Module of ETAP are listed below: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Pull existing one-line diagram cables and/or equipment cables Create and pull new cables (cables not contained in the one-line diagram) Calculate the pulling tension at every conduit bend and pull point Calculate the forward and reverse pulling tensions Calculate the maximum tension limited by the sidewall pressure at every conduit bend Compare the maximum tension limitations against the calculated pulling tensions Calculate the maximum total allowable pulling tension Calculate the total length of run (pull) Calculate the conduit percent fill Check the conduit jamming situation Account for the equivalent tension for the cables pulled from the reel Allow the segments to have both nonzero slopes and horizontal bends (at the ends of segments) Pull Path Geometric View configuration showing segment and bend plots Conduit Cross-Section View configuration showing conduit and cable plots Display and print 3-D diagram of pulling path geometry

ETAP

48-1

ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Cable Pulling

Presentation

48.1 Presentation The CP Presentation is composed of three views. They are: 1) Pull Path Geometric View 2) Conduit Cross-Section View 3) 3-D View The Pull Path Geometric View allows you to edit the pulling segments/bends of a cable pull. The Conduit Cross-Section View is provided primarily to edit the properties of the cables and the conduit (which the cables will be pulled into). The 3-D View is a specialized application for the three-dimensional display of pulling path geometry. The CP Presentation allows you to graphically arrange cables, segments, and bends, for the purpose of providing a physical layout of the conduit system for Cable Pulling Design Studies.

Each CP Presentation depicts a different conduit and cable arrangement. You can create an unlimited number of CP Presentations, where each presentation acts independently. As with the other elements in ETAP, the CP Presentation supports all of the Base/Data Revisions with checker capability. The active revision is controlled from the main ETAP window.

ETAP

48-2

ETAP 16.0 User Guide