• Author / Uploaded
• adi

Citation preview

ELECTRICAL

1 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Welcome to this presentation covering the electrical system on A320 Series aircraft. An efficient electrical system is critical for a highly computerized, modern commercial jet aircraft. The A320 Series electrical system is similar in its basic design to electrical systems on other aircraft, but more automated in operation and easier to use.

STAT

We will begin by discussing the basic design of the system.

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

2 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

Let's start by looking at the sources of AC power.

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

3 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

Two engine driven generators are the primary source of AC power once the engines are running. Each engine driven generator is connected to its engine’s accessory section and maintained at a constant speed by an Integrated Drive Generator (IDG). The IDG may be disconnected when necessary. Because the APU runs at a constant speed, no IDG is required. This terminology can be confusing to those new to Airbus. The IDG is not the generator itself but a part of the generator system. You could think of it as the Integrated Drive of the Generator. The IDGs are similar to the Constant Speed Drives (CSDs) on older generation aircraft. SECTION -

OVERVIEW

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

4 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS HOT BUS 1

The electrical network can also be supplied by the APU driven generator. This generator does not require an IDG due to the relatively constant operating speed of the APU.

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

5 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

Any one of these generators, engine or APU driven, are capable of powering the entire aircraft’s electrical needs on their own.

HOT BUS 1

BATTERY 1

This will be discussed in greater detail later in this lesson.

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

However, if only one generator is the source of power in flight, main galley power is automatically shed. On the ground, main galley power is not shed if the APU generator is the only source of power.

HOT BUS 2

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

6 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

On the ground, the entire electrical system can be powered by an external power source.

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

7 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

AC power sources initially supply power to the two AC busses, AC BUS 1 and AC BUS 2. Shown here is the standard configuration when both engine driven generators are operating. We can observe that the bus tie contactors on the cross tie bus are open, effectively splitting the system in half.

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

8 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS HOT BUS 1

This allows GEN 1 to power items on the left side of the system. This includes items such as:

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

- AC BUS 1

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

- AC ESS BUS

DC ESS SHED

- AC ESS SHED - DC BUS 1

ESS TR

TR 1

- DC BAT BUS - BATTERY 1 and 2

AC ESS SHED

- DC ESS BUS - DC ESS SHED The AC and DC ESSential busses are so named because they power items necessary for the safe recovery of the aircraft. This is important should there be a loss of normal electrical power sources.

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS

AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

9 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS HOT BUS 1

If only GEN 1 is operating, the bus ties allow GEN 1 to power items on the right side of the system. This includes items such as:

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

- AC BUS 2

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

- DC BUS 2

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

10 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

GEN 2 normally powers items on the right side of the system. This includes items such as: - AC BUS 2

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

- DC BUS 2

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

11 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

If the AC ESS FEED pb is pushed, GEN 2 can provide an alternate power source for the essential busses:

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1

- AC ESS BUS

STATIC INVERTER

- AC ESS SHED

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

- DC ESS BUS - DC ESS SHED More on this later in the lesson.

DC ESS BUS DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

12 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

If only GEN 2 is operating, the bus ties allow GEN 2 to power items on the left side of the system.

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

13 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

When the APU generator (or external power) is the only AC power source, the bus tie contactors on the cross tie bus close. This allows either power source to power the entire system. These bus tie contactors also close when necessary to allow a single engine driven generator to power the entire system as mentioned previously.

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

AC ESS SHED

In this example, external power is powering the entire system.

AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS

APU Generator

OR

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

14 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

An emergency generator (EMER GEN), powered by hydraulic pressure provided by a Ram Air Turbine (RAT), is the primary backup AC power source, should normal power sources fail. The RAT pressurizes the BLUE hydraulic system, which powers a hydraulic motor that drives the EMER GEN. The EMER GEN provides AC power directly to the AC ESS BUS, and through the ESS TR, supplies DC power to the DC ESS BUS.

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

As long as the emergency generator is running, the AC and DC ESS SHED buses will remain powered. Generator 1

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

15 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

The ship’s batteries (BAT 1 and BAT 2) provide yet an additional backup source of electrical power should all primary power sources and the EMER GEN fail.

HOT BUS 1

BATTERY 1

DC BUS 2 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

• BAT 2 automatically powers the DC ESS BUS directly.

• The AC and DC ESS SHED busses automatically shed to lighten the electrical load on the system.

BATTERY 2

DC BUS 1

If that occurs:

• BAT 1, through a STATIC INVERTER, powers the AC ESS BUS.

HOT BUS 2

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Each battery has an associated Battery Charge Limiter (BCL). The BCL monitors battery charging and controls its battery contactor.

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS

Generator 1

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

A commonly used memory aid for the electrical priority logic is GEARB.

16 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

enerators ( engine driven )

xternal Power ( ONLY if selected ON )

PU generator

am air turbine ( emergency generator )

atteries

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

17 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

The three types of circuit breakers are used to protect the system. The green circuit breakers are monitored by the ECAM. If they trip and are not reset within one minute, a C/B TRIPPED ECAM message is generated. Black circuit breakers are not monitored.

OVERHEAD AND REAR CIRCUIT BREAKER PANELS

GREEN - MONITORED STAT INV BLACK – NOT MONITORED

The red circuit breakers are related to the Wing Tip Brakes (WTBs). REAR CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL ONLY

The wing tip brakes engage if certain slat / flap malfunctions occur. The red collar prevents the circuit breaker from being pulled.

RED COLLAR – PREVENTS THE FLIGHT CREW FROM PULLING CIRCUIT BREAKER

This completes the OVERVIEW section.

SECTION -

OVERVIEW

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

18 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

We now move on to the electrical system controls and indicators.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

19 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The electrical system can be monitored by selecting the ELEC key on the ECAM control panel. As with other systems, the page will automatically be displayed in some situations (abnormals).

STAT

STAT

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

20 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The primary AC power sources are depicted at the bottom of the ELEC page. The engine driven generators, GEN 1 and GEN 2, are displayed along with their IDGs. When a generator is selected on, the GEN label is white. The load, voltage, and frequency are normally displayed in green.

STAT

The engine generators provide: - 90 kilovolt-ampere (KVA) - 3 phase - 115-200 volts (V) - 400 hertz

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

21 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

If any of these parameters is out of the normal range, the GEN label is displayed in amber. The load indication is displayed in amber if the load exceeds 100%. The voltage and frequency indications are displayed in amber if these parameters are out of the normal range.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

STAT

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

22 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

These green lines indicate that the generator is supplying power to its respective AC BUS.

STAT

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

23 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

In this example, GEN 2 is selected OFF. Notice the green line indicating that GEN 1 is now powering AC BUS 2 via the cross tie bus.

NOTE: Depending on FADEC power status and whether or not the respective engine is running, the generator and IDG numbers may be displayed in amber.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

24 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The IDGs are displayed below each generator display. Each IDG uses an independent closed oil system which circulates oil continuously through the IDG and a cooler. The IDG indications include the oil temperature which is displayed in green when the temperature is in the normal range. The IDG’s oil temperature pulses green as an advisory and the ELEC page is automatically displayed if the IDG oil temp approaches a preset limit.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

STAT

150

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

25 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The IDG’s oil temperature is displayed in amber, along with the IDG label, if the temperature exceeds a limit. This is accompanied by an ECAM message on the E/WD directing you to disconnect the affected IDG. STAT

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

26 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

If the respective engine is running and the IDG oil pressure drops below a preset limit, LO PR is displayed below the IDG label. This is also accompanied by an ECAM message on the E/WD directing you to disconnect the affected IDG.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

27 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

If the IDG has been disconnected, DISC is displayed below the IDG label. The engine driven generator is no longer available. The IDGs cannot be reconnected in flight.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

28 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The APU GEN load, volts, and frequency are depicted with the same logic employed for GEN 1 and GEN 2. In this example, the APU is running, the APU generator is operating normally, but the APU GEN is not supplying power to the system since both engine driven generators are operating. The engine driven generators have priority over the APU on their respective sides. Just like the engine driven generators, the APU generators provide: - 90 kilovolt-ampere (KVA) - 3 phase - 115-200 volts (V) - 400 hertz

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

29 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

In this example, the APU GEN is supplying power to the entire system through the cross tie bus, since both generators are not operating.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

30 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The APU GEN depiction changes significantly depending on the status of the APU and the APU GEN pb on the ELEC panel. In this example, the APU is shut down.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

31 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

In this example, the APU is running but the APU GEN pb on the ELEC panel is selected OFF. This would be unusual because the APU GEN is normally left in the on (lights out) position. In this example, the APU is running and the APU GEN pb is in its normal lights out position. However, because the engine generators are both running, the APU generator is not supplying power to the system.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

32 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

When external power is not connected to the aircraft the area to the right of the APU GEN on the ELEC page is blank. When external power is plugged into the aircraft, the external power depiction is displayed. In this example, external power is plugged in to the aircraft, but not in use. The APU GEN is powering the system.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

33 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

In this example external power is plugged into the aircraft and is in use. Switching between external power and the indications of which power source are currently in use will be discussed in greater detail in the NORMAL OPERATION section.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

34 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The major electrical buses are displayed on the ELEC page. Each bus label is normally green. The label is displayed in amber if the bus is not supplied. STAT INV

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

35 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The AC buses are displayed on the lower half of the page.

The DC buses are displayed on the upper half of the page.

STAT INV

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

36 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Two additional buses (The AC ESS SHED and DC ESS SHED) will shed automatically when power sources have degraded. This is represented by the amber word “SHED” only if the bus is shed. SHED is not displayed if the respective bus is powered.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

37 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The essential TR and the emergency generator are normally displayed in white.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

38 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

They only become active in abnormal situations and more information is then provided on the ECAM. The emergency generator provides: - 5 kilovolt-ampere (KVA) - 3 phase - 115-200 Volts (V) - 400 hertz We will look at the ESS TR and the EMER GEN in more detail in the ABNORMAL OPERATION section of this lesson.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

39 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The two primary Transformer Rectifiers, TR1 and TR2, are displayed just above the AC busses. The TR labels are normally white and the voltage and amperage readouts are normally green. STAT INV

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

40 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The voltage readout is displayed in amber if the voltage moves outside the normal range. The amperage readout is displayed in amber if the amperage drops below a preset limit. The TR labels are displayed in amber if either the voltage or amperage readout is displayed in amber.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

STAT INV

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

41 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The voltage readout is displayed in amber if the voltage moves outside the normal range. The amperage readout is displayed in amber if the amperage drops below a preset limit. The TR labels are displayed in amber if either the voltage or amperage readout is displayed in amber.

STAT INV

Also notice that the other TR automatically replaces the faulty one.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

42 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

At the top of the ELEC page is a depiction of the aircraft batteries. If a battery is OFF, it is depicted as you see here.

STAT INV

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

43 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Remember that each battery has an associated BCL that controls its battery contactor. If the area between the battery depictions and the DC BAT BUS is blank, this means that the battery contactor that connects a battery to the DC BAT BUS is open and no current is flowing.

STAT INV

A green line is displayed when the battery contactor is closed, However, a green arrow is not displayed if the flow is less than 1 amp.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

44 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

A green arrow pointing towards the battery indicates that the battery is taking a charge from the DC BAT bus of 1 amp or greater.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

45 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

An amber arrow pointing away from the battery indicates that the battery is discharging current to the system at a rate greater than 1 amp.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

46 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Similar to the TRs, the BAT1 and BAT2 labels are normally white. The voltage and amperage readouts are normally green. The voltage readout is displayed in amber if the voltage moves outside the normal range. The amperage readout is displayed in amber if the discharge current is greater than 5A.

STAT INV

The battery labels are displayed in amber if either the voltage or amperage readout is displayed in amber.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

47 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

We will now discuss the ELEC control panel which is located in the center of the overhead panel.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

48 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The GEN 1 and GEN 2 pbs can be used to select the respective engine driven generator OFF when necessary. These pbs are normally left in the on (lights out) position. When the generator is operating normally, this allows the generator line contactors to close and connect the generators to the aircraft’s electrical system when appropriate.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

STAT

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

49 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The FAULT light illuminates if the pb is selected on and the line contactor is open. For example, both FAULT lights illuminate when the line contactor opens after engine shutdown at the gate. Illuminated FAULT lights are normal during the preflight.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

STAT

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

50 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

If a GEN pb is selected OFF the generator field is deenergized and the line contactor opens. Advance to select the GEN 1 pb OFF. This will shut down the generator 1.

STAT

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

51 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

GEN 1 is now selected OFF. This position may also reset a faulted circuit, allowing the crew to attempt to bring a faulted generator back on-line.

STAT

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

The guarded IDG pbs are normally lights out. Pushing one disconnects the respective IDG from the engine’s accessory gear box. If disconnected, the respective generator is lost for the remainder of the flight. An IDG can only be reset on the ground by maintenance.

52 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

CAUTION To prevent damage, an IDG pb must not be pushed for longer than 3 seconds and the respective engine must be running or windmilling.

STAT

So you better be sure you push the right one, hence the guard.

SECTION -

DIFFERENCES

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

53 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The FAULT light illuminates, and an ECAM message is displayed if either of the following occur: • High IDG oil temperature • Low IDG oil pressure Advance to lift the guard and push the IDG 2 pb. STAT

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

54 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Notice on the ELEC page that IDG 2 is now disconnected. The FAULT light in the GEN 2 pb indicates that the generator is off line.

STAT

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

55 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The APU GEN pb operates in basically the same way as the GEN 1 and GEN 2 pbs. It is normally left in the on (lights out) position to allow the APU generator to power the electrical system when it is available and appropriate. You will rarely (if ever) push this pb.

STAT INV

The FAULT light illuminates and an ECAM message is displayed if the APU is running, the APU GEN pb is selected on, and the line contactor is open.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

56 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The EXT PWR pb allows the crew to monitor the status of external power and to connect or disconnect it from the electrical system when necessary. The AVAIL light indicates that external power is plugged into the aircraft and the external power is within parameters. The AVAIL light does not indicate that EXT PWR is supplying the electrical system.

STAT INV

It only means that it is plugged in. The EXT PWR pb MUST BE selected ON to supply the electrical. Advance to select the EXT PWR pb to the ON position.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

57 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Note that external power has priority over the APU GEN and comes on-line to power the entire system.

STAT INV

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

58 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Don’t allow yourself to be fooled by the AVAIL light. Here is a classic example of how it can be misleading. You have just arrived at the gate with the APU running and you have just shut down both engines. You see that external power is AVAIL so you incorrectly decide to shut down the APU.

STAT INV

Advance to shut down the APU and its generator by pushing the APU MASTER SW pb.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

59 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

You have just shut down AC power to the aircraft. External power could not take over from the APU GEN because the EXT PWR pb was not first selected ON.

STAT INV

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

60 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

A similar mistake can occur prior to pushback when the ground crew wants pull the external power cord. The APU is running but the EXT PWR is still in use. You should deselect EXT PWR prior to the ground crew pulling the cord. This will prevent arcing and “sparks” that could injure ground personnel.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

61 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

To deselect external power, check to ensure another power source is available (unless you are trying to shut down the aircraft). In this case the APU is running and ready to go. If the external power cord were accidentally unplugged, the APU would automatically power the electrical system because it is AVAIL.

STAT INV

However, unplugging the power cord when it is still in use is poor technique (and dangerous). Advance to deselect external power by pushing the EXT PWR pb.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

62 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The ON light extinguishes, the AVAIL light illuminates (external power is still plugged into the aircraft) and the APU GEN is now powering the electrical system. Remember, that the APU GEN pb is normally left in the ON position. If the APU is running, the APU GEN will also be running.

STAT INV

Because of the priority logic, you can see that the EXT PWR pb is used to transfer to APU power. This is a very important concept to understand.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

63 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Assuming both engines are off (and all pbs are in their correct positions), two AVAIL lights means that the APU will be powering the aircraft. This is another very important concept to understand. Also, if the APU were to AUTO SHUTDOWN. The external power would not power the system. Remember that the EXT PWR will never power the system unless ON is illuminated.

STAT INV

This can be confusing because it is the opposite of the APU indications (AVAIL vs. ON)

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

64 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The AC ESS FEED pb is normally left in the lights out position. It is used in the course of certain electrical system abnormal procedures to allow AC BUS 2 to provide power to the AC ESS and AC ESS SHED buses. We will discuss the AC ESS FEED pb in more detail in the ABNORMAL OPERATION section.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

STAT INV

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

65 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The BUS TIE pb is normally left in the lights out position. The bus ties are NOT depicted on the ELEC page. Visualizing them as you see here can help you to understand their function. If the BUS TIE pb is selected OFF, both bus ties open and neither external power nor the APU generator can supply the electrical system. With the BUS TIE pb in AUTO the ties can open and close as necessary. In this example, they are both closed to provide external power to the entire electrical system.

STAT INV

Bus Ties

We will discuss the use of the BUS TIE pb in more detail in the ABNORMAL OPERATION section.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

66 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The GALLEY pb is normally left in the AUTO (lights out) position. In the AUTO position, the main galley, secondary galley, and in-seat power are supplied. The main galley and in-seat power are shed automatically if only one generator is operating; the secondary galley remains powered (i.e., you will have hot coffee).

STAT INV

An exception to this is when the aircraft is on the ground and either the APU or external power are supplying the electrical system. In that case, the entire electrical system is powered.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

67 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The GALLEY pb FAULT light illuminates, accompanied by an ECAM message, when the load on any generator is more than 100% of rated output. The ECAM message would include a step that requires you to select the GALLEY pb OFF. Advance to select the GALLEY pb OFF.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

STAT INV

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

68 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Selecting the GALLEY pb OFF depowers the main galley, secondary galley, and in-seat power. In other words, ALL galley power has been selected OFF. This should reduce the load on the generator.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

STAT INV

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

69 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

In this example, we are in flight and GEN 2 has been selected OFF. As previously mentioned the main galley and in-seat power are automatically shed. However, secondary galley power remains available and will power smaller items such as the coffee makers.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

STAT INV

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

70 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

Finally, we arrive at the battery voltage indicators and battery pbs at the top of the ELEC panel. The battery voltage indicators show the current voltage of each battery. They are connected to the hot battery busses so they are always available even if the battery and other power sources are OFF.

DC BAT BUS

INV

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

AC ESS BUS

EMER GEN

AC ESS SHED

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

TR 2

ELECTRICAL

71 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

A read out of battery voltage is also available on the ELEC page. However, if all power to the aircraft is removed, the ELEC page will obviously not be available.

STAT

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

72 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

The BAT 1 and BAT 2 pbs control the operation of their corresponding battery charge limiters. The battery charge limiters automatically control the connection and disconnection of the corresponding battery to the DC BAT BUS by closing and opening the battery line contactors.

STAT DC BAT BUS INV HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

AC ESS BUS

EMER GEN

AC ESS SHED

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

TR 2

ELECTRICAL

With the BAT pbs in their normal AUTO (lights out) position the battery line contactors close, connecting their respective battery to the DC BAT BUS:

73 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

-For APU starts

- For APU starts (limited to 3 minutes if operating on EMER GEN) - If battery voltage is detected to be below 26.5V (to allow for battery charging)

- When battery voltage is detected to be below 26.5 V

And ……..

STAT DC BAT BUS HOT BUS 1

BATTERY 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

DC ESS BUS EXIT TO MAIN MENU

ELECTRICAL

74 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

The battery line contactors also close: - On the ground when AC BUS 1 and AC BUS 2 are not supplied. This allows the batteries to supply DC power and limited AC power through a static inverter prior to APU start if external power is not available. - In flight if AC Bus 1 and AC BUS 2 are not supplied and the EMER GEN is not operating (worst case emergency electrical power scenario)

- On the ground when AC BUS 1 and AC BUS 2 are not supplied.

- In flight if AC BUS 1 and AC BUS 2 are not supplied and the EMER GEN is not working

STAT DC BAT BUS HOT BUS 1

BATTERY 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

DC ESS BUS EXIT TO MAIN MENU

ELECTRICAL

75 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

During normal operations the contactors are open most of the time. Automatic battery cut-off logic prevents the batteries from discharging completely when the aircraft is on the ground. This cut-off logic automatically opens the battery contactors if ALL of the following conditions are met: • The aircraft is on the ground. • The BAT pbs are in AUTO. • An AC power source is not available. • Battery voltage is low. The crew can reset the contactors by selecting the BAT pbs OFF then to AUTO.

STAT DC BAT BUS HOT BUS 1

BATTERY 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

DC ESS BUS EXIT TO MAIN MENU

ELECTRICAL

76 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

With the BAT pbs selected OFF, the battery line contactors are open and the charge limiters are not working.

STAT DC BAT BUS HOT BUS 1

BATTERY 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

DC ESS BUS EXIT TO MAIN MENU

ELECTRICAL

77 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Without power on the aircraft, it is difficult to determine if the batteries are OFF. This is because the OFF lights require power to illuminate. But, if the batteries are in AUTO, the OFF light will also not be illuminated. In this situation, you have to use an alternate method to determine if the BAT pbs are OFF or AUTO. If the batteries are selected to AUTO: • The pbs are slightly recessed into the panel – they are latched in the AUTO position. • The green landing gear down lights illuminate. • Some cockpit lighting is available. In this example, the batteries are in AUTO.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

78 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

If the pb is flush with the panel (i.e., not latched in) the pb is in the OFF position. In this example, the Batteries are OFF. Advance to select BAT 1 to AUTO and observe the effects. When a BAT pb is selected to AUTO, the OFF light in the other BAT pb illuminates.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

79 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

The FAULT light in a BAT pb illuminates, accompanied by an ECAM message, if the charging current for the corresponding battery is outside normal limits. The battery contactor will open automatically.

STAT DC BAT BUS HOT BUS 1

BATTERY 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

DC ESS BUS EXIT TO MAIN MENU

ELECTRICAL

80 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

We now move on to the EMER ELEC PWR panel located on the left side of the overhead panel. The guarded EMER GEN TEST pb is used by maintenance personnel to test the operation of the emergency generator. The GEN 1 LINE pb allows the crew to control a special circuit that dedicates GEN 1 to power ONLY one fuel pump in each wing. It is used as part of the procedure for the avionics smoke abnormal.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

81 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The red FAULT light on this panel illuminates if all of the following conditions are met: • The aircraft is in flight. • AC 1 BUS and AC 2 BUS are not powered. • The EMER GEN IS NOT supplying power, which it should be doing. In that case the guarded RAT & EMER GEN MAN ON pb could be used to attempt to manually activate EMER GEN.

STAT INV

FAULT

We will see this FAULT light and pb again in the ABNORMAL OPERATION section.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

82 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The external power panel near the nose gear provides two lights used by ground personnel to monitor the status of external power. The white NOT IN USE light illuminates if not currently supplying the aircraft’s electrical system. This provides them with a confirmation, along with the captain’s verbal assurance, that it is safe to remove external power. The amber AVAIL light illuminates if external power is available for the crew to use and the voltage is correct. In this example, the AVAIL light in the EXT PWR pb in the cockpit would be illuminated because external power is connected but not being used.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

83 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

In this example, external power is connected, the voltage is correct, and is currently powering the aircraft. The ON light in the EXT PWR pb in the cockpit would be illuminated.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

84 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

It is also possible to energize electrical circuits for ground servicing without energizing the entire aircraft electrical system. This can be accomplished using the MAINT BUS switch located on a panel in the ceiling area of the forward galley.

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

85 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

In the ON position the switch latches magnetically if external power is connected. The ON position allows ONLY the AC and DC GND/FLT buses to be powered. Some of the items available in this configuration include: - Passenger lighting - Galley lighting - Entrance area lights - Lavatory lighting and service - Vacuum cleaner sockets - Cockpit outlets - Yellow hydraulic pump - Cockpit flood lighting - Fuel quantity indicators - Cargo lighting - Landing gear compartment lighting - Belly fairing panel outlets - Ground call - Equipment compartment lights and service outlets - Navigation lights

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

DC GND/ FLT TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS

AC GND/ FLT

AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

86 of 140

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

OVERVIEW

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

DC BAT BUS

The switch trips off when the external power is removed. In the off position the AC and DC GND/FLT buses are connected to AC BUS 2 and DC BUS 2. The AC and DC GND/FLT buses not depicted on the ELEC page.

HOT BUS 1

HOT BUS 2

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2 DC BUS 2

DC BUS 1 STATIC INVERTER

DC ESS BUS

AC STAT INVERTER BUS

DC ESS SHED ESS TR

TR 1

TR 2

EMER GEN

AC ESS BUS

This completes the CONTROLS & INDICATORS section.

DC GND/ FLT

AC GND/ FLT

AC ESS SHED AC ESS FEED

AC ESS FEED

AC BUS 1

AC BUS 2 BUS TIE

BUS TIE

Generator 1

SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS

APU Generator

EXTERNAL PWR

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

Generator 2

ELECTRICAL

87 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Let's take a look at how you will interact with the electrical system during normal operations. Some of the items discussed in this section are accomplished by a specific crewmember. You can refer to the appropriate manual to determine specific crew duties.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

88 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

If we arrive at an aircraft that has been unpowered for more than 6 hours it will be necessary to check the voltage of the batteries. Make sure the batteries are OFF when checking the voltage. Remember, the OFF lights do not function with no power on the aircraft. Check for greater than 25.5 volts to ensure the batteries have a charge above 50%. In this example, both batteries pass the test. We would normally select the BAT pbs to AUTO, establish external power or start the APU, and then continue with your preflight checks.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

89 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

In this example, one of the batteries does not pass this test. In this case it will be necessary to do the following: - Select the batteries to AUTO - Establish EXT PWR for at least 20 minutes - Recheck the batteries in the OFF position - Select the batteries back to AUTO We will first select both battery pbs to AUTO. We have now done this for you. You will not see a change on the BAT pbs since the AUTO position is lights out. One of the items that is working now is VHF 1. We could use it to call for external power if necessary.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

90 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Next we will establish external power. Here external power has been plugged into the aircraft. Advance to select the EXT PWR pb to ON.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

91 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

External power is now established and the entire aircraft electrical system is powered. We have selected the ELEC page for you. You can see that the battery contactors are closed and the batteries are charging. In this example, the BCL is charging both batteries because the voltages are both below 26.5 volts.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

92 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Charge the batteries for 20 minutes. While doing so you can press on with other preflight tasks. The APU should not be started during this 20 minute charging period. Starting the APU would drain the batteries even further. Starting the APU would also prevent charging of the batteries for approximately 30 minutes. This is to prevent overheating of the batteries.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

93 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

After 20 minutes, select the battery pbs back to OFF and check that voltage is greater than 25.5. You would then select the battery pbs back to AUTO. We have done that for you.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

94 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

During the preflight check of the overhead panel ensure that guards are down and lights are out on the EMER ELEC PWR panel.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

95 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

During preflight of the ELEC panel it is normal for the FAULT lights on the GEN 1 and GEN 2 pbs to be illuminated. Check closely to make sure it is not the OFF lights you see illuminated in these pbs. As a general rule of thumb, there should not be any white lights illuminated on the overhead panel during the preflight. Any white lights would need further attention or action. All remaining pbs should be lights out and the guards should be down on both IDG pbs.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

96 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Later in the preflight the captain is required to do a second battery check. To do so, the ELEC page must be displayed. We have done this for you. You would now select the battery pbs OFF. Advance to select the battery pbs OFF.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

97 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

You now turn each battery on one at time. When you do so check the strength of each battery by checking that the battery charge current is below 60 A and decreasing within 10 seconds. Advance to select BAT 1 to AUTO and check the amperage for BAT1 on the ELEC page. Battery 1 has passed the test.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

98 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Advance to select BAT 2 to AUTO and check the amperage for BAT 2 on the ELEC page. Again, the amperage is less than 60 amps within 10 seconds. Battery 2 has passed the test. If a battery does not pass this test, maintenance assistance is required.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

99 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Now it is time to start the APU. Let's push the APU MASTER SW. The ON light should illuminate. The MASTER SW ON light illuminates. After 5 seconds, we can push the APU START pb. Advance to push the APU START PB.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

100 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

When the ON light in the START pb illuminates it does not mean that the APU has started. It simply means that the APU start process is in progress. The APU generator is not yet available with the ON light illuminated. This is important to remember. Do not allow the ground crew to pull the external power cord when the APU start is in progress. This would lead to accidentally depowering the electrical system.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

101 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The AVAIL light is now illuminated and we can transfer to APU power. While it would not be normal to have the ELEC page displayed at this time, we have done so for academic reasons. The ELEC panel will not indicate if APU power is available. The APU GEN pb simply remains in its lights out (on) position. The APU GEN box now shows up on the ELEC page. Since external power has priority over the APU GEN, external power is still powering the entire system.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

102 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Do you remember from controls and indicators which pb we have to push to transfer to APU power? If you said deselect EXT PWR you would be correct. This disconnect external power from the system and allows the APU to power the electrical system. Advance to deselect the EXT PWR pb on the ELEC panel.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

103 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The APU GEN has now taken over and is powering the entire system. The two AVAIL lights are also a clue that the APU is powering the electrical system.

Advance to allow ground personnel to pull the EXT PWR. Ground personnel has unplugged external power from the aircraft. The external power depiction on the ELEC page is removed and the AVAIL in the EXT PWR pb extinguishes.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

104 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

We will now start the engines, again reminding you that the ELEC page would not normally be displayed at this time.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

105 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

We have now started engine 2. Generator 2 is on-line and powering the right side of the system. The FAULT light in the GEN 2 pb has extinguished. The APU, through the left bus tie, continues to power the left side. The right bus tie opened automatically to isolate the two sources of AC power. Keep in mind that the bus ties are not depicted on the ELEC page.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

106 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

We have now started engine 1. Notice the changes on the ELEC panel and ELEC page. Generator 1 is on-line and powering the left side of the system. The FAULT light in the GEN 1 pb has extinguished. The left bus tie opened automatically. With both bus ties open, the APU is not powering anything. At this point, if you selected the BUS TIE pb OFF it would have no effect because they are both already open. Advance to push the APU MASTER SW to shut down the APU. Notice that the APU box and parameters are no longer displayed on the ELEC page. However, the white APU GEN indication is permanently displayed.

SECTION -

NORMAL OPERATION

Permanently Displayed

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

107 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Let's look at some abnormals related to the electrical system.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

108 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

We will begin this section with a simple, straight forward malfunction. A single chime and MASTER CAUT light alert you to the fact that IDG 1 is experiencing low oil pressure. We have cancelled the MASTER CAUT light for you. The FAULT light in the IDG 1 pb illuminates. The ELEC page is displayed and indicates IDG 1 LO PR. There is also an ECAM message on the E/WD with only one action step. Advance to select the IDG 1 pb OFF.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

109 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The guard has been raised and the IDG 1 pb pushed. The IDG FAULT light extinguishes, the blue action step is removed from the E/WD, and IDG 1 is now shown as DISC on the ELEC page. The GEN 1 FAULT light is now illuminated.

FAULT

Also notice that GEN 1 is now off-line and GEN 2 has picked up the load through the bus ties. You might consider starting the APU. For now, just advance to push either CLR key on the ECAM control panel and display the STATUS page.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

110 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

You are reminded about the APU, GEN 1, and galley power. MAIN GALLEY means that you have shed the main galley (ironic) and in-seat power. But, the secondary galley (coffee maker, etc...) are still powered.

FAULT

If ALL galley power is lost, just GALLEY is displayed on the STATUS page. You would now clear the STATUS page and consult the FCOM.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

111 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Let's look at the loss of AC BUS 1. We have already cancelled the MASTER CAUT light for you. The first obvious implication is the loss of both captain’s display units (DUs) and the upper DU. The E/WD automatically moves to the lower DU. The red message on the first line informs you that the autopilot is now off (unavailable). We have cleared malfunction for you using a CLR key. Notice that the loss of AC BUS 1 also causes the loss of the DC ESS BUS and, even more important, the loss of the AC ESS BUS, which is listed first.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

112 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The system automatically reconfigures to allow TR2, through DC BUS 2 and DC BAT BUS, to power DC BUS 1. A similar reconfiguration will occur if TR 1 itself fails. And it would also occur in reverse if TR2 should fail. Basically, the operating TR automatically replaces the failed one and supplies power to the appropriate buses.

FAILED BUS

Now let’s get back to the ECAM checklist and see how we can restore more buses.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

113 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Remember that the AC ESS BUS is unpowered simply because AC BUS 1 has failed. The AC BUS 1 failure is simply the root cause of our problem. The first action step directs the pilots to select the AC ESS FEED pb on the ELEC panel to ALTN (alternate). Notice the FAULT light in that pb is illuminated. Advance to push the AC ESS FEED pb.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

114 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The AC ESS FEED pb allows the pilot to activate an alternate power source for the AC ESS BUS. This alternate power source is AC BUS 2. The AC ESS BUS then powers the DC ESS BUS through the ESS TR. Notice that the messages relating to the essential buses have been removed. These buses are now powered.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

115 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

This relationship of primary and secondary power sources for the AC ESS BUS is displayed on the ELEC panel with green lines. Notice that the two lines have a different thickness to reflect their priority. Also remember that the AC ESS FEED pb must be used to transfer power to the AC ESS BUS. It will not occur automatically.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

116 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

All of the DUs have now been restored. At this point you would normally clear the message and view the systems pages effected by this abnormal.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

117 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Eventually, you would look at the STATUS page. Notice the extensive list of inoperative systems on the right side of the STATUS page. AC BUS 1 is an important bus and its loss impacts many aircraft components. The good news is that by restoring the AC and DC ESS buses you have restored many systems. If a bus fails, the STATUS page (and aircraft manuals) provide a comprehensive list of inoperative items.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

118 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Let's move on to another topic Here is a quick look at what happens if one of the green, monitored circuit breakers should trip.

GREEN - MONITORED

A message indicating the general location of the tripped C/B is displayed on the E/WD. Additional messages might be displayed depending on the impact the tripped C/B may have on certain systems. Black circuit breakers will not trigger a “C/B TRIPPED” message. But, they might trigger a message associated with the failure of a system.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

Next we will discuss the ELECTRICAL EMERGENCY CONFIGURATION. “Discuss” is the right word to use here. The nature of this abnormal and its implications are so complex that it is best experienced with an instructor.

119 of 140

OVERVIEW

ELEC

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EMER CONFIG

- LOSS of ALL generators (Engines and APU) - Avionics smoke configuration

We will cover significant elements to help prepare you for that training.

SECTION -

DIFFERENCES

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

120 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Assume your really bad day has already started half way through your flight. GEN 1 has failed and you had to shut it down. You have tried unsuccessfully to start the APU to bring the APU GEN on-line. GEN 2 is more than capable of handling the electric load on its own. Unfortunately it is just not your day and ……..

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

121 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

For some unrelated reason, GEN 2 has just failed. We have cancelled the continuous repetitive chime and flashing red MASTER WARN lights for you. The most obvious result of this is that both of the FO’s EFIS display units (DUs), the lower ECAM DU, and the captain’s inner DU are all lost. Remaining is the captain’s PFD and the E/WD.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

122 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

On the EMER ELEC PWR panel the red FAULT light is illuminated. This indicates that the RAT driven emergency generator (EMER GEN) is not yet online. It takes a few seconds (approx. 8) for the RAT to extend and come up to speed and then for the EMER GEN to come on-line. During this short time the aircraft is powered by the batteries.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

123 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The RAT extends into the air stream and comes up to speed. It powers a hydraulic pump in the BLUE system which powers a hydraulic motor that in turn drives the EMER GEN. The red FAULT light is now extinguished and the EMER GEN has come on-line. Notice that the captain’s ND is now available as the captain’s inner DU has been restored.

EMERG EN

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

HYD

HYD

MOTOR

PUMP

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

124 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

We will now take a closer look at the message on the E/WD, containing all the action steps you will need to handle this situation. The first line reminds you that the autopilot is now off (unavailable). Autothrust and the flight directors will also be off (unavailable.) Common sense would dictate that the captain will most likely be the pilot flying and hand flying the aircraft. We will clear the AUTOFLT ECAM message.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

125 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The primary failure “ELEC EMER CONFIG” is now displayed on the top line. Notice the red LAND ASAP on the right side. We will need to divert to the nearest suitable airport. The first action line reminds you that you must maintain a minimum airspeed of 140 kts to ensure the EMER GEN provides uninterrupted power.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

126 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

If the RAT had not extended properly, or the EMER GEN failed to come on-line, the FAULT light remains illuminated on the EMER ELEC PWR panel. An additional action step would be displayed on the E/WD directing you to push the RAT & EMER GEN MAN ON pb in an attempt to bring the EMER GEN on-line.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

127 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The next ECAM step directs the pilots to attempt to reset each generator by selecting each GEN pb OFF and then back to on.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

128 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

We will assume that the generator reset has been unsuccessful. The next action step directs you to use the BUS TIE pb to split the system and then attempt to reset each generator again. This is done in the hope that one generator, now isolated from a possible short, might be regained.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

129 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

A word of caution about the BUS TIE pb. It should be used only when directed by the ECAM. If selected OFF, the APU GEN and EXT PWR are not able to power system. It also prevents the engine driven generators from powering the entire system should the other engine driven generator fail. Assume these steps were taken and again failed to bring the generators back on-line.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

130 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The remaining steps provide actions and information related to the various other aircraft systems impacted by this abnormal. Note on the right side that ECAM messages relating to navigation, flight controls, and autoflight are currently buried and waiting for you once you clear the EMER CONFIG checklist. You also see that if time permits the PRESS, HYD, and FUEL pages should be reviewed to assess the impact on these systems. These are secondary systems effected by the primary failure.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

131 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

When all the ECAM messages are cleared you will see an even longer list of systems pages that should be reviewed. With only one ECAM screen available these systems pages will not appear automatically with use of the CLR pb as with other abnormals. To see a systems page it will be necessary to push and hold the appropriate key on the ECAM control panel. Even though the ELEC page is not listed, we’ll take some academic license and use that procedure to look at how the electrical system is configured at this point. Advance to push and hold the ELEC key on the ECAM control panel

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

132 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The emergency generator is now powering the AC ESS BUS directly. Through the ESS TR, the EMER GEN is also powering the DC ESS BUS. All other buses are unpowered. If the EMER GEN is operating, these essential buses are always isolated from the rest of the system. Some people refer to this area of the ELEC page as the “rat’s nest.”

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

133 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

In this configuration you should still have all the components essential for a safe recovery. A partial list of items available and how some systems are effected includes: • VHF 1 and HF 1 are available. • The flight controls are in alternate law. • Normal gear extension is available. • Alternate braking is active. • Normal engine operation with fire protection and continuous engine anti-ice. • FMGC 1 is available. • The ability to fly an ILS, VOR, or NDB approach is retained. A chart listing the systems powered in the EMER ELEC CONFIG is located in your aircraft manuals. We will look at an example of this shortly. SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

134 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Below 125 kts (e.g., during the flare and/or landing) the emergency generator will no longer be available. To state the obvious, there will not be sufficient airflow for the RAT below 125 kts. You will be on battery power and the captain’s ND will no longer be powered. However, other items (such as the PFD and E/WD) will remain powered until speed is less than 50 kts.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

135 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

At 50 knots, the AC ESS BUS will no longer be powered and all display units go blank. You will still have braking, engine control, and the ability to communicate on VHF 1. Nosewheel steering will not be available. You will have an opportunity to experience the ELEC EMER CONFIG later in your training.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

136 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

A list of Items available in the emergency electrical configuration and battery power is in your aircraft manuals. You will also notice a difference between battery power in IN FLIGHT vs. ON THE GROUND. There are also notes at the bottom of the page. The notes provide additional information regarding what is powered in different situations.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

137 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Additional systems are listed alphabetically on each page of the table.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

138 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Here are some more systems.

SECTION -

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

139 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

And some more. It is not necessary to memorize all of the items on these tables. But, it is good to have a basic understanding of the effects of the emergency electrical and battery power configurations. This completes the ABNORMAL OPERATION section.

SECTION -

DIFFERENCES

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

140 of 140

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

DIFFERENCES

The ELEC page is nearly identical on all aircraft. There are only some minor differences on CRT equipped aircraft. This includes items such as: - A relocated GALLEY SHED indication.

LCD Style ELEC Page

CRT Style ELEC Page

-Slightly different emergency generator and ESS TR depiction.

SECTION -

DIFFERENCES

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

SECTION - QUIZ

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

When you enter the cockpit, what action is required prior to checking the battery voltage?

You have to check that external power is ON.

You have to ensure that at least one battery is in AUTO.

You have to ensure that both batteries are in AUTO.

You have to verify that both batteries are OFF.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

When you enter the cockpit, what action is required prior to checking the battery voltage?

You have to check that external power is ON.

You have to ensure that at least one battery is in AUTO.

You have to ensure that both batteries are in AUTO.

You have to verify that both batteries are OFF.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

According to these indications, which statement is true (assuming the batteries are off)?

Battery voltages are below the minimum of 30 V.

Battery voltages are above 25.5 V and pass the voltage test.

Battery voltages cannot be checked with external power available.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

According to these indications, which statement is true (assuming the batteries are off)?

Battery voltages are below the minimum of 30 V.

Battery voltages are above 25.5 V and pass the voltage test.

Battery voltages cannot be checked with external power available.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

If the battery voltages are 25.5 or below, how do you charge them?

Call a mechanic because the batteries can only be charged by maintenance.

Select external power ON and select the BAT pbs to AUTO.

Select external power ON and switch the batteries off.

Start the APU and select the BAT pbs to AUTO

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

If the battery voltages are 25.5 or below, how do you charge them?

Call a mechanic because the batteries can only be charged by maintenance.

Select external power ON and select the BAT pbs to AUTO.

Select external power ON and switch the batteries off.

Start the APU and select the BAT pbs to AUTO

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

What is the meaning of the green AVAIL light?

External power is plugged in, you can push the EXT PWR pb to allow it to power the electrical system.

External power is available to the batteries only.

The external power panel door has been opened.

External power is supplying the aircraft electrical systems.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

What is the meaning of the green AVAIL light?

External power is plugged in, you can push the EXT PWR pb to allow it to power the electrical system.

External power is available to the batteries only.

The external power panel door has been opened.

External power is supplying the aircraft electrical systems.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

What does the blue EXT PWR ON light mean in this scenario?

Based on this panel, we cannot determine the source of power to the aircraft.

External power is supplying the aircraft’s electrical system.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

What does the blue EXT PWR ON light mean in this scenario?

Based on this panel, we cannot determine the source of power to the aircraft.

External power is supplying the aircraft’s electrical system.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

After switching external power ON, you get the following indications. What do they mean?

Battery voltage is too low to allow external power connection.

There is a fault as the external power supply has priority over the generators.

You have to switch the generators on.

On ground these indications are normal when the engines are not running.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

After switching external power ON, you get the following indications. What do they mean?

Battery voltage is too low to allow external power connection.

There is a fault as the external power supply has priority over the generators.

You have to switch the generators on.

On ground these indications are normal when the engines are not running.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Both batteries are now charged by the external power unit. Approximately how long does the charging process take?

10 minutes.

One hour.

20 minutes.

Several hours.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Both batteries are now charged by the external power unit. Approximately how long does the charging process take?

10 minutes.

One hour.

20 minutes.

Several hours.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Having started the APU, how can you get the APU generator to power the electrical system?

The APU generator must be switched on.

By pushing the EXT PWR pb thus disconnecting the external power.

By pushing the BUS TIE pb.

You are unable to as the APU power output is outside normal parameters.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Having started the APU, how can you get the APU generator to power the electrical system?

The APU generator must be switched on.

By pushing the EXT PWR pb thus disconnecting the external power.

By pushing the BUS TIE pb.

You are unable to as the APU power output is outside normal parameters.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

What is the priority order of electrical power supply?

Engine generators, external power, APU, RAT, batteries.

APU, engine generators, external power, batteries, RAT.

External power, engines generators, APU, batteries.

APU, external power, batteries, RAT engines generators.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

What is the priority order of electrical power supply?

Engine generators, external power, APU, RAT, batteries.

APU, engine generators, external power, batteries, RAT.

External power, engines generators, APU, batteries.

APU, external power, batteries, RAT engines generators.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Selecting the APU GEN pb OFF in this situation will...

Disconnect the APU generator. External power will connect automatically since it is available.

Have no effect.

Disconnect the APU generator. The aircraft will be on battery power only.

Shut down the APU.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Selecting the APU GEN pb OFF in this situation will...

Disconnect the APU generator. External power will connect automatically since it is available.

Have no effect.

Disconnect the APU generator. The aircraft will be on battery power only.

Shut down the APU.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Selecting the BUS TIE pb OFF in this situation will...

Close the bus ties and allow the engine generators swap sides.

Open the bus ties. They are currently closed.

Hold the bus ties open. They are already open in this situation.

Disconnect the engine generators.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Selecting the BUS TIE pb OFF in this situation will...

Close the bus ties and allow the engine generators swap sides.

Open the bus ties. They are currently closed.

Hold the bus ties open. They are already open in this situation.

Disconnect the engine generators.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Why is the GALLEY SHED message displayed on the ELEC page after disconnecting the IDG?

It is a reminder to push the GALLEY pb to manually shed the main galley.

It is a reminder to get the flight attendants to switch off galley equipment to decrease the load on the remaining generator.

It is a reminder that the main galley has been shed automatically following the loss of one generator.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Why is the GALLEY SHED message displayed on the ELEC page after disconnecting the IDG?

It is a reminder to push the GALLEY pb to manually shed the main galley.

It is a reminder to get the flight attendants to switch off galley equipment to decrease the load on the remaining generator.

It is a reminder that the main galley has been shed automatically following the loss of one generator.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The ECAM is directing you to select IDG 2 OFF. What is the important thing to remember in order to avoid damaging the disconnect mechanism? To push the IDG 2 pb until the GEN FAULT light comes on and then for at least 3 more seconds.

To push the IDG 2 pb for a maximum of 10 seconds.

To push the IDG 2 pb for at least 10 seconds to ensure the disconnection.

Do not push the IDG 2 pb for more than approximately 3 seconds.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

The ECAM is directing you to select IDG 2 OFF. What is the important thing to remember in order to avoid damaging the disconnect mechanism? To push the IDG 2 pb until the GEN FAULT light comes on and then for at least 3 more seconds.

To push the IDG 2 pb for a maximum of 10 seconds.

To push the IDG 2 pb for at least 10 seconds to ensure the disconnection.

Do not push the IDG 2 pb for more than approximately 3 seconds.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

This fault has just occurred. Notice that the red FAULT light in the RAT & EMER GEN MAN ON pb is illuminated. How do you interpret this indication?

The EMER GEN is not yet supplying the system.

The EMER GEN has failed. You will have to lower the landing gear to reactivate it.

The RAT has failed. You will have to select the batteries to OFF.

The FAULT light is always on when you are in ELEC EMER CONFIG.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

This fault has just occurred. Notice that the red FAULT light in the RAT & EMER GEN MAN ON pb is illuminated. How do you interpret this indication?

The EMER GEN is not yet supplying the system.

The EMER GEN has failed. You will have to lower the landing gear to reactivate it.

The RAT has failed. You will have to select the batteries to OFF.

The FAULT light is always on when you are in ELEC EMER CONFIG.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Click on the ELEC page that correctly represent the emergency electrical configuration.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Click on the ELEC page that correctly represent the emergency electrical configuration.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Click on the ELEC page that correctly represent the battery power only.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

Click on the ELEC page that correctly represent the battery power only.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

What source of power is supplying the aircraft’s electrical system

The engine generators

External power

The APU

The aircrafts electrical system is unpowered

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

What source of power is supplying the aircraft’s electrical system

The engine generators

External power

The APU

The aircrafts electrical system is unpowered

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

In this scenario, will the external power automatically power the electrical system if the APU shuts down.

Yes

No

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

In this scenario, will the external power automatically power the electrical system if the APU shuts down.

Yes

No

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

When transferring from EXT PWR to APU power, which APU panel do you want to see prior to deselecting the EXT PWR pb.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

When transferring from EXT PWR to APU power, which APU panel do you want to see prior to deselecting the EXT PWR pb.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ

ELECTRICAL

OVERVIEW

CONTROLS & INDICATORS

NORMAL OPERATION

ABNORMAL OPERATION

You have completed the Electrical lesson.

Click here to exit to the main menu.

SECTION - QUIZ

EXIT TO MAIN MENU

DIFFERENCES

QUIZ