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• Keiner Zarate

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 MG^JYJNMN OYMA_M^JYM OFO > WHWJ (Jlikrcmtjkl Wogurjty Cmlmhocolt Wystoc, JWCW) WJW^OCMW NO HOW^JKL NO WOH_RJNMN HR_PK 0==

JLHOLJORM6 FOLLZ MRGKW

NJOHK MAOTMLNOR NJMV HMRGJM F_AJML NMYJN RJKW DORRORM

I_LNMGJ×L _LJYORWJ^MRJM NOA ÍROM MLNJLM

 

JL^RKN_GGJ×L Oa pros prosol olto to

tr trmb mbmf mfk k tjol tjolo o gkck gkck kb kbfo fotjtjvk vk no noto togt gtmr mr rj rjos oshk hks, s, mc mcol olmz mzms ms,,

vual vu alor ormbj mbjajajnm nmnos nos no ulm ro ron n oc ocpr prosm osmrj rjma, ma, ho holo lorm rmlnk lnk ul paml paml no ho host stj÷ j÷l l no sohurjnmn m ostm ron ocprosmrjma. Am sohurjnmn ol ulm ron so dm vuoatk cuy jcpkrtmlto ol luostrks tjocpks nobjnk m am hakbmajzmgj÷l y tmcbjêl ol ostks tjocpks ol quo nobocks trmbmfmr ol luostrms gmsms pkr oa tocm no am gumroltolm pkr oa GKRKLMYJR_W.

‑Os jcpkrtmlto rosmatmr quo oa mggosk m ams ^JG os ul norogdk ducmlk ostjpuamnk ol am aoy =8=2 no 20=> (Mrtjguak >), lkrcm quo tjolo gkck kbfotk rohuamr oa norogdk y am hmrmlt hmrmltãm ãm no mggosk m am jlikrc jlikrcmgj÷l mgj÷l pöbajgm pöbajgm,, bmfk aks prjlgjpj prjlgjpjks ks no am cíxj cí xjcm cm pu puba bajg jgjn jnmn mn pm pmrm rm oa tjtjtu tuam amrr ul uljv jvors orsma ma,, am tr trmls mlspm pmrol rolgj gjm, m, oa mggos mggosk k m am jlikrcmgj÷l pöbajgm, am lk njsgrjcjlmgj÷l, am jhumanmn, oltro ktrks–

UGJ^M^JKL Rjg20 Qa

:229 S.

KBFO^JYKW -

Notogtmr aks rjoshks, mcolmzms y vualormbjajnmnos ol ul sjstocm no ulm ocprosm.

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Holormr ul paml no hostj÷l pmrm cjtjhmr tknms ostms mcolmzms. Pklor ol prígtjgm aks gklkgjcjoltks mnqujrjnks ol am cmtorjm

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NOWMRRKAAK =. Oamb Oambkr krmr mr ul ml mlía íajs jsjs js no ams ams vual vualor ormb mbjajajn jnmn mnos os no am ro ron n qu quo o dm volj voljnk nk trmbmfmlnk.  M gkltjlumgj÷l vorocks am jcmhol no am Ron Jlikrcítjgm quo so vm m mlmajzmr 

Ostm jcmhol gkrrospklno gkrrospklno m am tkpkakhã tkpkakhãm m no am ron jlikrc jlikrcítjgm ítjgm no ul pmrquom pmrquomnork, nork,  M M gkltjlumgj÷l olulgjmro aks oqujpks quo so olguoltrml maaã6

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=7 jltorikljms

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= ostmgj÷l no trmbmfk

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> oltrmnms > gmforks Mutkcmjgks

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> smajnms

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7 Wwjtgd (Ostks trmlspkrtml am jlikrcmgj÷l no ams oltrmnms, smajnms, gmforks, jltorikljms, ostmgjklos no trmbmfk y am olvãm m ul Wwjtgd GKRO)

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= sw swjtjtgd gd GK GKRO RO (O (Ost sto o ro rogk gkho ho tknm tknm am jlik jlikrc rcmg mgj÷ j÷l l no ostk ostkss 7 sw swjtjtgd gd olulgjmnks mltorjkrcolto y am olvãm ma sorvjnkr)

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= sorvjnkr (Ol osto sorvjnkr so macmgolm tknm am jlikrcmgj÷l)

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= ijrowmaa (Osto prktoho am ron no pksjbaos mtmquos jltorlks y oxtorlks). 7

 

Nospuês no vor aks oqujpks quo tjolo am ron prkgonocks m romajzmr oa mlíajsjs no ams vualormbjajnmnos no ostm ron6

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Gamvos no _sumrjk lk gmcbjmnms.

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Oqujpks solsjbaos m gmcbjks no vkatmfo. Cmltoljcjoltk cma romajzmnk.

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Imatm no nkgucoltmgj÷l no ospogjijgmgjklos no am ron.

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Imatm no oqujpks no rospmank.

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Gkpjm no am bmso no nmtks lk gklstmlto

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Bmfm sohurjnmn pmrm mggosk rocktk

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Porcjsks no mgtjvjnmnos sjl gkltrka no aks usumrjks

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Bmfm sohurjnmn ol aks oqujpks

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Gmbaomnk gkl bmfm sohurjnmn

2. Mlmajgo ams pksjbaos mcolmzms quo puonol aaohmr m miogtmr oa iulgjklmcjoltk no am gkcpmýãm.  Ma mlmajzmr am ron so jnoltjijgmrkl ams sjhujoltos mcolmzms6

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Nmýks romajzmnks pkr ktrms porsklms.

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Pêrnjnm no Oaogtrjgjnmn.

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Rkbk no mahöl oqujpk.

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Jlstmamgj÷l no Wkitwmro lk porcjtjnk. Cma iulgjklmcjoltk no mahöl oqujpk no am ron.

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Gmcbjks lk mutkrjzmnks no am gklijhurmgj÷l.

-  Mggosks m porsklms lk mutkrjzmnms -

Nmýks m am gklijhurmgj÷l.

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Njvuahmr ams gkltrmsoýms

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_sk jlnobjnk no aks oqujpks

>

 

7. No Nosmr smrrk rkaaaao o ul paml paml no ho host stj÷ j÷l l no rj rjos oshks hks no soh sohur urjn jnmn mn jl jlik ikrc rcít ítjg jgm m (no mguornk gkl am JWK 2800? y am huãm 8 noa cjljstorjk no am ^JG), ol nklno pmrm gmnm mcolmzm y vualormbjajnmn so holoro ul paml no mggj÷l quo cjljcjgo oa jcpmgtk. ^oljolnk ^oljol nk ol guoltm ams mcolmzms y ams vualormbjajnmnos vualormbjajnmnos no aks pultks mltorjkros so holorml ams sjhujoltos mggjklos6

Yualormbjajnmnos -

Gamv Ga mvos os no _sum _sumrj rjk k lk lk ggmc mcbj bjmn mnms ms6 Holormr gkl ams porsklms quo cmlofml oa sjst sjstoc ocm m ul ulms ms lk lkrc rcms ms pm pmrm rm am gr grom omgj gj÷l ÷l y cmlo cmlofk fk no gklt gkltrm rmso soým ýms. s. ^mcbjêl dmgor quo oa sjstocm ma ckcoltk no gromr ams gkltrmsoýms tolhml gjortms lkrcms no sohurjnmn y quo soml gmcbjmnms gjortk porjknk.

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Oq Oquj ujpk pkss sol solsj sjba baos os m gmc gmcbj bjks ks no vkat vkatmf mfoo6 Jlstmamr _PW‚s gkl suijgjolto gmpmgjnmn no skpkrtmr am gmrhm pmrm gmnm soggj÷l, os nogjr, sorjml > _PW. _lm pmrm am pmrto no smajnms, ulm pmrm oltrmnms, ulm pmrm gmforks y am uatjcm ol nklno ostí oa sorvjnkr oa swjtgd GKRO y ijrowmaa. ^mcbjêl tolor am ron oaêgtrjgm jlnopolnjolto.

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Cml mlto tolj ljcj cjol oltk tk cma cma ro roma majjzm zmn nk6 Gmp Gmpmgj mgjtmr tmr gkl gklstm stmlto ltocol colto to ma pors porsklm klmaa olgmrhmnk no ostm ambkr. ^mcbjêl so nobo no romajzmr ostm ambkr ol porjknks lk cuy amrhks sohöl ospogjijquo oa imbrjgmlto.

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Im Imat atmm no nkg nkguc ucol oltm tmgj gj÷l ÷l no os ospo pogj gjij ijgm gmgj gjkl klos os no am ron6 Romajzmr ul NKWJOR gkl tknm am jlikr krc cmgj÷l no noaa sjst sto ocm gkl cmlum umaaos y ospogjijgmgjklos no gklijhurmgj÷l. ^mcbjêl romajzmr ulm nkgucoltmgj÷l no gmnm cmltoljcjoltk provoltjvk y gkrrogtjvk noa sjstocm

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Im Imat atmm n noo oqu oqujp jpks ks no ro rosp spma mank nk6 Jlstmamr oqujpks quo dmhml ronulnmlgjm, os nogjr quo ostêl gkck bmgeup k quo ma ckcoltk quo aaohuo m imaamr mahöl oqujpk jlconjmtmcolto osto oqujpk no rospmank ocpjogo m iulgjklmr. ?

 

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Gkpjm no am bmso no nmtks lk gklstmlto 6 Romajzmr ul prktkgkak no gromgj÷l no bmgeup ol njsgks nurks oxtorlks ol nklno osto lk so utjajgo ol ktrk auhmr. ^mcbjêl gklijhurmr oa sjstocm m quo osto dmhm bmgeup no am gklijhurmgj÷l y no su bmso no nmtks gmnm notorcjlmnk tjocpk y ol ul auhmr ospogãijgk sohurk pmrm quo sj aaohm m pmsmr mahk so puonm utjajzmr oa bmgeup.

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Bm Bmfm fm ssoh ohur urjn jnmn mn p pmr mrmm mg mggo gosk sk rroc ockt ktk k6 Romajzmr prktkgkaks no sohurjnmn ol swjtgdos, prkhrmcms no mggosk y gkltrmsoýms pmrm pknor rostrjlhjr osto mggosk.

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Porcjsks no mgtjvjnmnos sjl gkltrka no aks usumrjks6 Ost Ostmba mbaogor  ogor  rostrjggjklos ol aks usumrjks noa sjstocm pmrm oa cmlofk noa skitwmro.

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Bmfm mfm so sohu hurj rjnm nmn n ol aks aks oqu oqujjpk pkss 6 Ostmbaogor prktkgkaks no cmlofk no aks oqujpks no am ron.

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Ostmba mbaogor ogor prkt prktkgka kgkaks ks no jlstma jlstmamgj mgj÷l, ÷l, Gmbaomnk gkl bmfm sohurjnmn6 Ost cmrqujaamnk y cmltoljcjoltk noa gmbaomnk no am ron.

Mcolmzms -

Nm Nmýk ýkss ro roma majz jzmn mnks ks pkr pkr kt ktrm rmss porsk porsklm lmss6 Holormr prktkgkaks no sohurjnmn pmrm oa mggosk m aks oqujpks pmrm porsklms quo lk tolhml quo vor lmnm gkl am kpormgj÷l noa sjstocm. ^mcbjêl rostrjlhjr oa mggosk m porsklms nosgklkgjnms ma auhmr ol nklno so olguoltrml aks oqujpks.

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Jlst stma mamr mr _PW‚ _PW‚ss gk gkl l sui suijg jgjo jolt lto o gm gmpmg pmgjn jnmn mn no Pêrnjnm no Oaogtrjgjnmn6 Jl skpkrtmr am gmrhm pmrm gmnm soggj÷l, nmr ul tjocpk no skpkrto y pknor  mgtjvmr ulm pamltm oaêgtrjgm y msã ovjtmr quo am kpormgj÷l noa sjstocm so notolhm. 9

 

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Rkbk no mahöl oqujpk6 Ho Holor lormr mr prk prktk tkgk gkak akss no soh sohurj urjnm nmn n pmr pmrm m ovjt ovjtmr  mr  durtks, gkck humyms jlstmamnms ol aks oqujpks y gorrmcjoltk no aks RMGEs no gkculjgmgj÷l.

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Jlst Jlstma mamgj mgj÷l ÷l n noo Wk Wkit itwm wmro ro lk p por orcj cjtj tjnk nk6 Holormr prktkgkaks ol aks usumrjks no gmnm sjstocm kpormtjvk no gmnm oqujpk, rostrjlhjolnk am jlstmamgj÷l no skitwmro quo lk soml porcjtjnks pkr am ocprosm.

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Cma iu iulg lgjjklmc klmcjjoltk oltk no ma mahö höl l oq oquj ujpk pk no am ron ron 6 Holormr ul paml no cmltoljcjoltk provoltjvk m aks oqujpks no am ron.

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Gmc mcbj bjks ks lk mu muttkr krjjzm zmnk nkss no am gk gkli lijh jhur urmg mgjj÷l6 Ho Holor lormr mr usum usumrj rjks ks ma sjstocm quo lk tolhml mggosk m am gklijhurmgj÷l noa sjstocm. ^mcbjêl skak ams porsklms quo ostíl gmpmgjtmnms y mutkrjzmnms puonol tolor am gamvo noa usumrjk quo puono romajzmr ams gklijhurmgjklos noa sjstocm.

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Mg Mggo gosk skss m po pors rskl klms ms l lk k mu mutk tkrj rjzm zmnm nmss6 Holormr usumrjks quo skak tolhml mggosk m ak quo ao gkrrospklno ma írom pmrm am quo trmbmfm.  

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Nmýks m am gkl gklijhurmgj÷l6 Gmpmgjtmr gklstmltocolto ma porsklma quo so olgmrhm no romajzmr ams gklijhurmgjklos. ^mcbjêl romajzmr nkgucoltmgj÷l no gmnm gmcbjk no am gklijhurmgj÷l quo so romajgo.

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Nj Njvu vuaahmr hmr am amss gk gklt ltrm rmso soým ýmss6 Holormr prktkgkaks no sohurjnmn no quo ams gkltrm gkl trmsoým soýmss skl por porsklm sklmaos. aos. ^mcbjê ^mcbjêl l gmp gmpmgj mgjtmr tmr ma porsklm porsklmaa skb skbro ro ams gklsoguolgjms quo puono trmor oa gkcpmrtjr ams gkltrmsoýms.

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_sk jjln lnob objn jnk k no ak aks oquj oqujp pks6 Gmpmgjtmr ma porsklma quo tjolo mggosk m aks aks oq oquj ujpk pkss no am ro ron n skbr skbro o oa usk usk no aks aks oq oquj ujpk pks, s, ^mcb ^mcbjo jol l dm dmgo gor  r 

8

 

gmpmgjtmgjklos no aks prktkgkaks no sohurjnmn quo so nobol cmlofmr ol ostks oqujpks.

GKLGA_WJKLOW Nospuês no mlmajzmr y nosmrrkaamr am mgtjvjnmn, pknocks gklgaujr quo ulm ron no nmtks puono sor cuy vualormbao, y sj lk mpajgmcks gjortms lkrcms no usk puono kgms kgmsjk jklm lmrr cu cugd gdks ks nm nmýk ýkss m am ro ron, n, tmcb tmcbjê jêl l pu puon ono o kgms kgmsjk jklm lmrr po porn rnjn jnm m no jlikrcmgj÷l kgmsjklmlnk pornjnms jlgmaguambaos m ulm gkcpmýãm. Pkr ostm rmz÷l nobocks cmlofmr aks prktkgkaks no sohurjnmn.

4

 

ROIOROLGJMW

Hujm pmrm am jcpaocoltmgjkl no Wohurjnmn no am Jlikrcmgjkl ol ulm CJPZCO (20=9). Kbtoljnk no dtps6//www.cjlg.hkv.gk/hoskl/9=?/mrgaos?>42[Hujm[Wohurjnmn[jlikrcmgjkl[Cypjcos.pni 

Hujm no Hostjkl no Rjoshks (20=9). Kbtoljnk no dtps6//www.cjlg.hkv.gk/hoskl/9=?/mrgaos-?>42[H8[Hoskl[Rjoshks.pni 

Hujm Pmrm am Hostjkl y Gamsjijgmgjkl no Mgtjvks no Jlikrcmgjkl (20=9). Kbtoljnk no dtps6//www.cjlg.hkv.gk/hoskl/9=?/mrgaos-?>42[H?[Hoskl[Gamsjgmgjkl.pni  Akpoz, R. (2020). Wjstocms no Hostj÷l no Wohurjnmn Jlikrcmtjgm. Cjljtjg. (s.i.).

Kbtoljnk no dttps6//www.cjltjg.hkv.gk/pkrtma/90>/mrtjgaos7?=0[nkgucoltk.pni 

Cjljtjg.hkv.gk. (== no 08 no 20==). Kbtoljnk no dttps6//www.cjltjg.hkv.gk/pkrtma/90>/mrtjgaos-7?=0[nkgucoltk.pni 

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