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c c

c  c c   c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c

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c

Ô  c c   c c c  c c c  c c c  c c c c c c  c c c c c c c c c c c c c c

c

c

•       c  c  c   c    c c    c c   c    c  c !  c "!#c   c $%  c   c  % c "!!#c  c    c$% c c%  c c    cc c c c c   c c $ c   c    c  c   c   c  c  c    c  &  c c  c    c    c "   'c    'c     'c #c c   c   c c  ( c   c( c c   c  c c c c   c c c  c$%  cc c  c c!c % c"!!#c  c c    c) c   c c  c"%  c  c    'c  c c 'c    c( cc ( 'c #c c   c c  c *  c   c   c  c    %c c     c +c c c   cc  c c  c c c  c   c c    c , ( c c c  c c c  c  -cc c .c!/0c   c c  cc .c!% c  c c  c cc  c cc .c  c  'c 'c  c  cc .c+ c c c   c"123#c  ccc 'c  c cc  c  c cc cc .c  c   c c c c c c  cc .c  c c  c cc c 'c 'c  c   cc .c cc c c c /  c2c c c cc  + cc c c  c   c  c) c 0  c$ c   c cÚ   c  c , ( c  c   c 4 c ,  'c c c   c  c  c  c , c  c c    c   c   c c 123c c c  c c  c  c  c   c  c  c   c "/ c   c    c  c c  #cc c  c   c  c   c / c   c  

  c  c c $ c c   c  c  , c  c c c c c   c c + c  'c c) c c )   c  c   c  c  c  'c c  c  c ) c   c  c   c c c  c4 c c + c c ( + c  c  c   c c  c  c  c 2$c c    c c    c  c   c  c  c

)   c c

c c c

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c

2. Redes de dos puertas

2.1 Propedad de conservac n del factor de desadaptac n en redes sn pérddas

c   c-ccccc cc  c     c c c cc c  c

c  c c  c c  c  c c c  c  c c   c c c  c  c   c     c c c cc ,c  c c  cc   cc  c

ccccc c

cc c  c c c c ccc cc c c  cc  c c c c c  c c

 c cccc c

c 

’cuac n 1

 

c

c c  cc c   cc  cc c  cc  c c c c   cc   c c  c c  c  c  c    cc  c cc   cc c  cc  c c c  c cc c c c c c c  cc c  c c c ccc  c  c c c c  c c  cc   c c    c  ,  c  c c  cc c c  cc c

c

c

c 

’cuac n 2

 c   c c  cc  c c c cc  cc c  c  cc c ccc  c c

c c

c 

’cuac n 3

c

c 

’cuac n 4

c

c   c   c c  c c  c c  c    c c   c  c   cc   c  c c c cc c  c!cc c  c cc  c  c  c !c c c Ú c c  Ú c c    c  Ú c Ú c c c   cc c cc  cc    c 

ccc c c c   cc  cc  cc c 

ccc  cc  cc    cc  c c c  c -c

c  c

c c  c   c  c     c  c  c c c  c  c c

c c  c

  c   c    c c cc c c  c c c  c   c  c    c  c   c c   c c  c c c    c c   c c  c  c c c c c c  c  c   c  cc c cc c c c  c c    c c c c c c  c c c c c c c  c  c c  cc ccc  cc     cccc c c   cc c c  ccc    c

c

cc c

 c c c(  c  c  c ( c  c&  c" %  #c c c  c c  c cc  cc c  c    c) -c c

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c c ’   

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c 5  c-c 0 c c c c(  c  c  c&  c  cc  ccc c

c  c c c c(c" 'c c  #c c c c  c c c (c4 c ,  c c c c c c c(  c  c c c c  'cc  c  ccc c c c) cc  ccc  c        c

c

2.2 Defncones de Gananca

c  c!-cc  c  c  c  cc  c"c c

c # cc   c cc c c!cc  c c c  -cc c

c"  cc  -c $c"  cc   -c

c c

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c

c

2.3 VSWR, coefcente de reflex n y factor de desadaptac n en amplfcadores multetapa

c Dura 4: Amplfcador de dos etapas con mallas de adaptac n

c c  c c c&cc c c   ccc  c  c  cc    c  c   c    c c %  c c   c c   c  % cmc  c c  c    c c c  c   c   c  c   c  c   c c  c  c  c  c   c   c   c   c  c    c c   c c  c c    c c  cc ,c  c'cc c c c

c c  c c  c   c c    c c  c   c c    c c

    cc c   c   c    c c  c %  c c   c c   c  c c c  cc  c c c  cc  ccccc c   cc    cc  c  c c%  cc  cc c  cc c %cc cc ccc c   c c c   c c   cc  cc    c  cc   cc  -c c

’cuac n 6

c

c  c  c    c (c c  c  c  c c )%*c  c   c c   c c  c c c   c  c  c    c c   c  c + c c   c    c )%*c c  c    c c  c   c c   + c c  c c   c c    + c!-c c

c

c

’  

c 6  c ) c c  c  c   c c c  c c c c c  c  c  c  c  c c c   'c  c  ) c  c   c  c &  c  c c + c  c c   c123c& c   c c  c c  c  cmcm cc c    'c c  c cc cc / c c   c c) c +c c  c c

 c'cc  c  c  c  c c   c c123ccc  cc c c  c  c  c  c   c   c * c  c )   c !/ c   c(  c  c  c c  cc     c ) c  c  c  c  c "  'c  ( c c  c &  #c  c   c  'c c/c( c) cc  c) c  cc c /cc c c c ’  

c   c   cd   cc   c c  c c c c  c7& c c  c

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c ’  

 c c c c c c c c

c

c

3. Gananca en func n de los parámetros de Scattern

c Dura 5: ’squema básco de un amplfcador

, c    c   c c    c  c   c c   c c   c  c c   c c %   c c  c   c c  c c  c c  c  cc   cc + c c c cc c c  cc c  cc  c cc c c-cc   cc    c c c cc c c  c c   cc%  cc + cc  c  % cmc% c c%  c c + cc c   cc c c   cc + c c c  cc c c c c c c

c  c c  cc   c     cc

cc

c   c   c c ,  c c  ,c c   c c   c c  c   c c   cc%   cc c c  -c c c ’cuac n 10

c ’cuac n 11

c

c

c

c  cc c  + c.cccc c  + cc/cc/ccc cc

c ’cuac n 12

c ’cuac n 13

 cc c c c  cc   + cc  cccc c c c

c 0 c c  ccc   cc + c c + cc c  c c cc

c ’cuac n 14

c ’cuac n 15

# c  c c  cc  c"#c   c   c# cc# -c

c c

c

c

0 c c  c   cc c c

c ’cuac n 16

c ’cuac n 17

0 c c   c   c  ccc cc

c ’cuac n 18

c ’cuac n 19

 c-

c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c

c

4. ’stabldad 4.1 ’stabldad en amplfcadores L c  cc c   c c c  + cc c   cc    c c cccc  c,cc1cL c  ccc  c c   c c   c %c  c   c c   + c c  c    c c c  c   c c  c    cc  cc c c  c    c c  c   c c     + c  %  cc c  c c c  c   c    cc c c    c  c  c cc c  c   c c c c  c    c   c c c  c c c  c  c 1 c     c c   c   c c c c   cc c ! c c   c c c  c c  c c   c  c    c c   c    cc c  c ,  c cc cc   cc c  cc  c   c   c c c   c c + c  c   c c  c c   c c c c+c  cc c cc   c c c    cc  c cc  cc  cc cc  cc cc c   c c  Ú  Úc Ú c %c c  c  c    c c  c  c  c   cc  cc   cc Ú    ÚcÚ c c c   cc  cc c 2 cccc   cc + c c  cc cc   c c c +c   c c  c   c  c  c  c c  c   c c    c c   ccc   c c  c   c# c,cc cc   cc  c c-cc cc

c  -c

c

c c Lc  c   + c  c  c  c   c  c c c c  c     c   c c c  c   c c    c c   c

c

 c  c c c %c c  c  c  c   c  c   c cc c

c

c c

c

c

4.2 Adaptac n de mpedancas y establdad  c c  cc c c-ccc  c  c    cc  c c   c  c   c c  c c 0 c  c    c$cc!cc cc c    c c   c c  c  c c c -c

c ’cuac n 20.a

c ’cuac n 20.b

c

 cc c   c c/cc/Lcc  c c c  -c

c ’cuac n 21.a

c ’cuac n 21.b

c  cc

c c

c c c

c

c

 c  c c  c c  c  c   c c  c $.c c    c c# cc  ccccc

  c

cccc

cc cc cc

c

Lc  cc c   + c  c c c  c  cc c

c ’cuac n 22

c

 c  c   + c$$c c c  c c   c c$c c  c   c c   c

c   c  c c  c  c  c

cc cc cc  c

c

cc   c c + c

L c   + c    cc  c cc  c%cc c c  -c

c c  cc cc  c c Lc  cc c   + c  c c c  c  cc

c

%cc cc  c c  c c    c  ,  c c  c c  ccc  c c

c

c

c ’cuac n 23

 cc  c c

cc  c  c c  Ú cccc

2 ccc  c%ccc c  c cc c  c   cc

cc

c ’cuac n 24

c c   c c  c   + c $!c c  c c  c  c   + c c   c c  ,  c  c c  c  c   + c    c c   c  c  c    c ccc c   + cc  c  ,  cccccc   cc  c c c c c c c c c c c c c

c

c

  l   c

c D  ’   l     

c c    c c  -cc c 8c!/0c   c c  c c  c c( c%  cc c 8c!% c  c c  c c , c c c( c%  cc c 8c123ccc  ccc c  c 0  c( c/0 cc c 2 c  c  c c /  c2,c'c5'c9 cc6c cc c

c   c c  -c -  •c( c c  c c c2c c c  c c  c'cccc c    c":;#c  c ccc