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• Beryl Kline

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TABLE OF CONTENTS NATHANIEL BOWDITCH ........................................................................................................................................... iii PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................................... vii

TAB 1 — FUNDAMENTALS CHAPTER 1. CHAPTER 2. CHAPTER 3. CHAPTER 4.

INTRODUCTION TO MARINE NAVIGATION ...........................................................................1 GEODESY AND DATUMS IN NAVIGATION ...........................................................................15 NAUTICAL CHARTS ...................................................................................................................23 NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS ......................................................................................................51

TAB 2 — PILOTING CHAPTER 5. CHAPTER 6. CHAPTER 7. CHAPTER 8. CHAPTER 9.

SHORT RANGE AIDS TO NAVIGATION ..................................................................................63 MAGNETIC COMPASS ADJUSTMENT .....................................................................................81 DEAD RECKONING ...................................................................................................................113 PILOTING ....................................................................................................................................119 TIDES AND TIDAL CURRENTS ...............................................................................................143

TAB 3 — ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION CHAPTER 10. CHAPTER 11. CHAPTER 12. CHAPTER 13. CHAPTER 14.

RADIO WAVES ...........................................................................................................................165 SATELLITE NAVIGATION .......................................................................................................179 HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS ...........................................................................................................189 RADAR NAVIGATION ..............................................................................................................207 ECDIS AND THE INTEGRATED BRIDGE ..............................................................................219

TAB 4 — CELESTIAL NAVIGATION CHAPTER 15. CHAPTER 16. CHAPTER 17. CHAPTER 18. CHAPTER 19. CHAPTER 20.

NAVIGATIONAL ASTRONOMY ..............................................................................................225 INSTRUMENTS FOR CELESTIAL NAVIGATION .................................................................273 AZIMUTHS AND AMPLITUDES ..............................................................................................283 TIME .............................................................................................................................................287 THE ALMANACS .......................................................................................................................299 SIGHT REDUCTION ...................................................................................................................307

TAB 5 — NAVIGATIONAL MATHEMATICS CHAPTER 21. CHAPTER 22. CHAPTER 23. CHAPTER 24.

NAVIGATIONAL MATHEMATICS ..........................................................................................327 NAVIGATIONAL CALCULATIONS ........................................................................................339 NAVIGATIONAL ERRORS .......................................................................................................351 THE SAILINGS ............................................................................................................................355

TAB 6 — NAVIGATIONAL SAFETY CHAPTER 25. CHAPTER 26. CHAPTER 27. CHAPTER 28. CHAPTER 29. CHAPTER 30.

THE NAVIGATION PROCESS ..................................................................................................371 EMERGENCY NAVIGATION ...................................................................................................379 NAVIGATION REGULATIONS ................................................................................................389 GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS AND SAFETY SYSTEM ...................................................397 POSITION REPORTING SYSTEMS ..........................................................................................403 HYDROGRAPHY AND HYDROGRAPHIC REPORTS ...........................................................411 xiii

TAB 7 — OCEANOGRAPHY CHAPTER 31. CHAPTER 32. CHAPTER 33. CHAPTER 34.

THE OCEANS ........................................................................................................................... 427 OCEAN CURRENTS ................................................................................................................ 435 WAVES, BREAKERS AND SURF .......................................................................................... 443 ICE IN THE SEA ....................................................................................................................... 455

TAB 8 — MARINE METEOROLOGY CHAPTER 35. CHAPTER 36. CHAPTER 37. CHAPTER 38.

WEATHER ELEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 483 TROPICAL CYCLONES .......................................................................................................... 505 WEATHER OBSERVATIONS ................................................................................................. 521 WEATHER ROUTING ............................................................................................................. 539

NAVIGATION TABLES

EXPLANATION OF NAVIGATION TABLES ....................................................................................................... 551

MATHEMATICAL TABLES TABLE 1. TABLE 2. TABLE 3. TABLE 4.

LOGARITHMS OF NUMBERS ............................................................................................... 559 NATURAL TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS ....................................................................... 569 COMMON LOGARITHMS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS ...................................... 592 TRAVERSE TABLES ............................................................................................................... 615

CARTOGRAPHIC TABLES TABLE 5. TABLE 6. TABLE 7.

NATURAL AND NUMERICAL CHART SCALES ............................................................... 660 MERIDIONAL PARTS ............................................................................................................. 661 LENGTH OF A DEGREE OF LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE ............................................ 666

PILOTING TABLES TABLE 8. TABLE 9. TABLE 10. TABLE 11. TABLE 12. TABLE 13. TABLE 14. TABLE 15. TABLE 16. TABLE 17. TABLE 18.

CONVERSION TABLE FOR METERS, FEET, AND FATHOMS ........................................ 667 CONVERSION TABLE FOR NAUTICAL AND STATUTE MILES ..................................... 668 SPEED TABLE FOR MEASURED MILE ............................................................................... 669 SPEED, TIME, AND DISTANCE ............................................................................................ 670 DISTANCE OF THE HORIZON .............................................................................................. 673 GEOGRAPHIC RANGE ........................................................................................................... 674 DIP OF THE SEA SHORT OF THE HORIZON ...................................................................... 676 DISTANCE BY VERTICAL ANGLE MEASURED BETWEEN SEA HORIZON AND TOP OF OBJECT BEYOND SEA HORIZON ................................................................ 677 DISTANCE BY VERTICAL ANGLE MEASURED BETWEEN WATERLINE AT OBJECT AND TOP OF OBJECT ....................................................................................... 679 DISTANCE BY VERTICAL ANGLE MEASURED BETWEEN WATERLINE AT OBJECT AND SEA HORIZON BEYOND OBJECT ........................................................ 681 DISTANCE OF AN OBJECT BY TWO BEARINGS .............................................................. 682 xiv

CELESTIAL NAVIGATION TABLES TABLE 19. TABLE 20. TABLE 21. TABLE 22. TABLE 23. TABLE 24. TABLE 25. TABLE 26. TABLE 27. TABLE 28.

TABLE OF OFFSETS ..................................................................................................................685 MERIDIAN ANGLE AND ALTITUDE OF A BODY ON THE PRIME VERTICAL CIRCLE ....................................................................................................................686 LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE FACTORS ..............................................................................688 AMPLITUDES .............................................................................................................................692 CORRECTION OF AMPLITUDE AS OBSERVED ON THE VISIBLE HORIZON ....................................................................................................................694 ALTITUDE FACTORS ................................................................................................................695 CHANGE OF ALTITUDE IN GIVEN TIME FROM MERIDIAN TRANSIT ..........................700 TIME ZONES, ZONE DESCRIPTIONS, AND SUFFIXES .......................................................702 ALTITUDE CORRECTION FOR AIR TEMPERATURE ..........................................................703 ALTITUDE CORRECTION FOR ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ..............................................703

METEOROLOGICAL TABLES TABLE 29. TABLE 30. TABLE 31. TABLE 32. TABLE 33. TABLE 34. TABLE 35. TABLE 36.

CONVERSION TABLE FOR THERMOMETER SCALES .......................................................704 DIRECTION AND SPEED OF TRUE WIND IN UNITS OF SHIP'S SPEED ...........................705 CORRECTION OF BAROMETER READING FOR HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL .............706 CORRECTION OF BAROMETER READING FOR GRAVITY ...............................................706 CORRECTION OF BAROMETER READING FOR TEMPERATURE ...................................706 CONVERSION TABLE FOR MILLIBARS, INCHES, AND MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY .............................................................................................................................707 RELATIVE HUMIDITY ..............................................................................................................708 DEW POINT .................................................................................................................................709

GLOSSARIES

GLOSSARY OF MARINE NAVIGATION .............................................................................................................711 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ......................................................................................849

INDEX

857-873

xv

XVI