• Author / Uploaded
• Eslam Elsayed

Citation preview

ANSI/AWWA C512-15 (Revi si on of AN SI /AW WA C51 2- 07 )

®

AWWA Standard

Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves for Water and Wastewater Service

Efecti ve date N ov. 1 , 201 5. First edition approved by AWWA Board o f Directors Jan. 26, 1 992. This edition approved: J une 7, 201 5. Approved by American N ational Standards Institute: J ul y 6, 201 5.

SM

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a speci f cation. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all o f the engineering and administrative in formation normally contained in speci f cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user o f the standard. Until each optional feature is speci f ed by the user, the product or service is not fully de f ned. AWWA pub lication o f a standard does not constitute endorsement o f any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certi fy, or approve any product. The use o f AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code o f any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus o f the water supply industry that the product described will provide satis factory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an o f cial notice o f action will be placed in the O f cial Notice section o f Journal - American Water Works Association . The action becomes efective on the f rst day o f the month fol lowing the month o f Journal - American Water Works Association publication o f the o f cial notice. -

-

American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus o f those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manu facturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence o f an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has ap proved the standard or not, from manu facturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not con forming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers o f goods made in con formity with an American National Standard are encour aged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in con formity with particular American National Standards.

-

-

C au tion n otiCe : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover o f this standard indicates completion o f the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to rea f rm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than f ve years from the date o f ANSI approval. Purchasers o f American National Standards may receive current in formation on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, N Y 1 0036; 21 2.642.4900; or emailing in [email protected].

This AWWA content is the product of thousands of hours of work by your fellow water professionals. Revenue from the sales of this AWWA material supports ongoing product development. Unauthorized distribution, either electronic or photocopied, is illegal and hinders AWWA’s mission to support the water community.

ISBN-1 3, print:

978-1 -62576-1 1 8-7

eISBN-1 3, electronic: 978-1 -61 300-349-7 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/1 0.1 2999/AWWA.C51 2.1 5

All rights reserved. No part o f this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any in formation or retrieval system, except in the form o f brie f excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission o f the publisher. Copyright © 201 5 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA

ii Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Committee Personnel

Te AWWA Standards Committee on Air Valves, which developed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: Miles E. Wollam, Chair General Interest Members

A. Ali, ADA Consulting Ltd., Surrey, B.C., Canada D.E. Barr, ms consultants inc., Columbus, Ohio J.J. Cusack Jr., Bryant Associates, Braintree, Mass. R. DiLorenzo, Mundelein, Ill. D.M. Flancher,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. R.G. Fuller,† HDR Engineering Inc., Denver, Colo. F.H. Hanson, Albert A. Webb Associates, Riverside, Calif. D.L. McPherson, HDR Engineering Inc., Charlotte, N.C. W.L. Meinholz, AB&H, A Donahue Group, Chicago, Ill. J.W. Snead II, JQ Infrastructure, Dallas, Texas T.J. Stolinski Jr., Black & Veatch Corporation, Kansas City, Mo. M. Stuhr,† Standards Council Liaison, Portland Water Bureau, Portland, Ore. R.J. Wahanik, Worley Parsons, Reading, Pa. R.A. Ward, Tighe & Bond, Westfeld, Mass. M.E. Wollam, MWH Global, Pasadena, Calif. Producer Members

D. Alexander, Cla-Val Company, Costa Mesa, Calif. J.V. Ballun, Val-Matic Valve & Manufacturing Corporation, Elmhurst, Ill. L. Larson,† DeZURIK-APCO-Hilton Inc., Sartell, Minn. B.J. Lewis, Crispin Multiplex Manufacturing Company, Berwick, Pa. W.J. Nicholl, GA Industries LLC, Cranberry Township, Pa. T. O’Shea, DeZURIK-APCO-Hilton Inc., Schaumburg, Ill. K. Sorenson,† A.R.I. Flow Control Accessories, South Jordan, Utah J.M. Radtke, Valve Tech Sales, Mountain Top, Pa. * Liaison, nonvoting † Alternate iii

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

(AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA) (AWWA)

J.H. Wilber, American AVK, Littleton, Colo.

(AWWA)

N. Zloczower, A.R.I. Flow Control Accessories, Israel

(AWWA)

User Members L. Aguiar, Miami Dade Water and Sewer Department, Miami, Fla.

(AWWA)

J.H. Bambei Jr., Denver Water Department, Denver, Colo.

(AWWA)

N.E. Gronlund, East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, Calif.

(AWWA)

M. MacConnell, Metro Vancouver, Burnaby, B.C., Canada

(AWWA)

B. Schade, WaterOne, Lenexa, Kan.

(AWWA)

P. Ries,* Denver Water Department, Denver, Colo.

(AWWA)

* Alternate iv

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC.

PAGE

SEC.

Foreword

PAGE

Standard

I Introduction .................................... vii I.A Background..................................... vii I.B History............................................ vii I.C Acceptance ..................................... viii II Special Issues. ................................... ix II.A Advisory Information on Product Application................................. ix II.B Venting ............................................ ix II.C Service.............................................. ix II.D Pressure Surge Suppression ............... ix II.E Pipeline Water Column Separation Protection.................................... x II.F Minimum Test Pressure .................... x II.G Maximum Test Pressure .................... x II.H Internal Protective Coating for Wastewater Air Valves ................. x II.I Releasing or Venting.......................... x II.J Chlorine and Chloramine Degradation of Elastomers .......... x III Use of Tis Standard ......................... x III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives ................................. x III.B Modifcation to Standard ................ xii IV Major Revisions............................... xii V Comments ...................................... xii

1

General

4

Requirements

5

Veri fcation

6

Delivery

1.1 Scope ................................................ 1 1.2 Purpose ............................................. 1 1.3 Application........................................ 1 2 References ........................................ 2 3 Def nitions ....................................... 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

Data to Be Provided by Manufacturer or Supplier ............ 6 Materials ........................................... 6 General Design and Detailed Design Requirements .................. 8 Welding and Fabrication ................. 11 Workmanship and Coatings ............ 12

5.1 Testing ............................................ 13 5.2 Inspection ....................................... 13 5.3 Rejection ......................................... 14 6.1 Marking .......................................... 14 6.2 Preparation for Shipment................. 14 6.3 Afdavit of Compliance .................. 14

v

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Tis page intentionally blank.

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Foreword Tis foreword is for information only and is not a part ofANSI*/AWWA C512. I.

Introduction.

I.A. Background. Air valves have been used in the United States for over a century on liquid piping systems that provide water and wastewater service. Tey perform various functions in providing a safe and efcient operation of a liquid piping system. Teir functions include (1) automatically releasing small pockets of accumulated air and wastewater gases, and (2) admitting or venting large quantities of air during the draining or flling operation of a liquid piping system. Following are the three basic types of air valves: 1. Air-release valves, also called small-orifce valves, are designed to automatically release small pockets of accumulated air and wastewater gases from a liquid piping system while the system operates at a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure. 2. Air/vacuum valves, also called large-orifce valves, are designed to vent large quantities of air automatically during a liquid piping system flling and to admit large quantities of air automatically when the pressure in the liquid piping system drops below atmospheric pressure. 3. Combination air valves are designed to perform the same function as air/ vacuum valves but, in addition, they will automatically release small pockets of accumulated air and wastewater gases from a liquid piping system while the system operates at a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure, like an air-release valve. I.B. History. Te AWWA Standards Committee on Waterworks Air-Release Valves was authorized on Nov. 17, 1984, in response to the water industry’s request for a standard on air valves. Te frst edition of this standard entitled Air-Release, Air/ Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves for Waterworks Service, designated as AWWA/ ANSI C512, was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 26, 1992, the second edition on June 20, 1999, the third edition on June 13, 2004, and the fourth edition on June 24, 2007. In 2009, the committee name was changed to Air Valve Committee to refect the committee’s attention to both the water and wastewater industries. Tis edition entitled Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves for Water and Wastewater Service was approved on June 7, 2015. * American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. vi i

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International* (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certifcation program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). Te American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.† Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health efects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including 1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Ofce of Drinking Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990. 2. Specifc policies of the state or local agency. 3. Te standard developed under the direction ofNSF: NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Efects. 4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex,‡ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency. Various certifcation organizations may be involved in certifying products in accordance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certifcation organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certifcation organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA fnal maximum contaminant level (MCL). Te MALs of an unspecifed list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifer. * NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (formerly the National Sanitation Foundation). † Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. ‡ Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001. vi i i

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AWWA/ANSI C512 does not address additives requirements. Users of this standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifcations by parties ofering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certifcation. An ANSI-approved national standard, NSF/ANSI 372, Drinking Water System Components—Lead Content, was published in 2010. On Jan. 4, 2011, legislation was signed revising the defnition for “lead free” within the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) as it pertains to “pipe, pipe fttings, plumbing fttings, and fxtures.” Te changes went into efect on Jan. 4, 2014. In brief, the new provisions to the SDWA require that wetted surfaces of these products meet a weighted average lead content of not more than 0.25 percent. II.A. Advisory Information on Product Application. For additional guidance regarding selecting, sizing, locating, and installing air-release, air/vacuum, and combination air valves, see AWWA Manual M51, Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves. II.B. Venting. When selecting types of air valves, it must be noted that air/ vacuum valves, once closed, will not reopen to vent air and wastewater gases while a liquid piping system operates at a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure. To vent air and wastewater gases from a liquid piping system operating at a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure, an air-release valve or combination air valve is required. Air/ vacuum and combination air valve orifces should be suitably sized using the manufacturer’s sizing data, to admit air and to release air and wastewater gases at a required fow rate specifc to the system application. II.C. Service. Air valves are designed for either water or wastewater service. Te type of service must be specifed. II.D. Pressure Surge Suppression. Large outlet-orifce sizes on air/vacuum and combination air valves (air-release valves not included) may allow the rapid venting of air and wastewater gases followed by the sudden orifce closure that may cause pipeline pressure surges. To suppress surges, the attachment of throttling devices on the outlet of the air/vacuum valve or combination air valve or the attachment of slow-closing devices on the outlet or inlet of the air/vacuum valve or combination air valve should be considered. II.

Special Issues.

ix

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

II.E. Pipeline Water Column Separation Protection. On pipeline applications where water column separations may occur, a vacuum breaker with air-release valve or a combination air valve with restricted outfow should be considered. II.F. Minimum Test Pressure. Air valves for water and wastewater service are tested at minimum pressure of 20 psig. If air valves are to be tested at a lower pressure, the lower pressure should be designated by the purchaser (see item 28 of III.A). Wastewater air valves may need to operate and seal at pressures below 20 psig during gravity fow, low pressure fow, and static nonfow conditions. II.G. Maximum Test Pressure. Air valves for water and wastewater service are tested at 1.5 times the design pressure. If air valves need to operate at higher pressures because of transients or initial pipeline tests, the maximum operating pressure should be designated by the purchaser (see item 3 of III.A). II.H. Internal Protective Coating for Wastewater Air Valves. An internal smooth protective coating should be considered to reduce clogging and prevent corrosion. Refer to item 24 of III.A to designate an internal coating. II.I. Releasing or Venting. Te releasing or venting of air and wastewater gases, if present, may involve additional environmental issues regarding corrosion and odors. II.J. Chlorine and Chloramine Degradation of Elastomers. Te selection of materials is critical for water service and distribution piping in locations where there is a possibility that elastomers will be in contact with chlorine or chloramines. Documented research has shown that elastomers such as gaskets, seals, valve seats, and encapsulations may be degraded when exposed to chlorine or chloramines. Te impact of degradation is a function of the type of elastomeric material, chemical concentration, contact surface area, elastomer cross section, and environmental conditions as well as temperature. Careful selection of and specifcations for elastomeric materials and the specifcs of their application for each water system component should be considered to provide long-term usefulness and minimum degradation (swelling, loss of elasticity, or softening) of the elastomer specifed. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. Tis standard includes certain options and alternatives, summarized in the following list, that the purchaser should designate when purchasing air valves described in this standard. Te purchaser should review each item and make appropriate provisions in procurement documents to stipulate III.

Use of Tis Standard.

x

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

additional requirements. Te following information should be provided in procurement documents by the purchaser: 1. Standard used—that is, AWWA/ANSI C512, Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves for Water and Wastewater Service, of latest revision. 2. Valve size. 3. Design pressure and minimum and maximum operating pressure of each valve (Sec. II.F and II.G). 4. Quantity required. 5. Type of installation (underground, in-plant, in-vault, or outdoor). 6. Warranty statement, if other than manufacturer’s standard warranty. 7. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Efects, is required. 8. Valve type—air-release valve, air/vacuum valve, or combination air valve (Section 3). 9. Catalog data, if required (Sec. 4.1 .1). 10. Certifed drawings, if required (Sec. 4.1 .2). 11. Operating manual, if required (Sec. 4.1 .3). 12. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4.2.1). 13. Records of physical and chemical tests, if required (Sec. 4.2.2). 14. Cover bolt materials of construction (Sec. 4.2.2.4 and Sec. 4.3.2.6). 15. Body inlet confguration, threaded or fanged (Sec. 4.3.2.1 .1). 16. Size of inlet port connection if different from the nominal valve size (Sec. 4.3.2.1.2). 17. Ball valves and fttings for backwash equipment, if required (Sec. 4.3.2.1 .3). 18. Flanges, if other than fat-faced (Sec. 4.3.2.2.1). 19. Intended service whether potable water, nonpotable water, or wastewater (Sec. 4.3.2.9). 20. Cover outlet confguration—threaded, fanged, or hooded (Sec. 4.3.2.10). 21. Whether a slow-closing device is required on the valve inlet for water and on the valve outlet for wastewater (Sec. 4.3.3). 22. Whether a throttling device is required on the valve outlet (Sec. 4.3.4). 23. Whether weld examination is required (Sec. 4.4.6). 24. Internal protective coating, if required (Sec. 4.5.2.2). 25. If required, special external protective coatings, if other than the manufacturer’s standard coating (Sec. 4.5.2.3). 26. Holiday testing, if required (Sec. 4.5.2.4). xi

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

27.

Records of tests, if required (Section 5).

28.

Lower test pressure, if required (Sec. 5.1.2.1 and 5.1.2.2 and 5.1.3).

29.

Plant inspection by purchaser (Sec. 5.2).

30.

A

III.B.

fdavit of compliance, if required (Sec. 6.3).

Modifcation to Standard.

f

f

Any modi cation to the provisions, de nitions,

or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.

IV.

Major Revisions.

Major changes made to the standard in this revision

include the following: 1.

f

Modi ed title and scope to include considerations and requirements for air

valves for wastewater service. 2.

Reduced lead requirements for materials in contact with potable water were

included where appropriate. 3.

f

Scope of standard was modi ed to include steel and stainless-steel bodies;

and requirements were added in the material section as appropriate.

f

4.

De nitions of various waters were added.

5.

Pressure testing requirements for air valves in wastewater applications were

added. 6.

Cleanouts for air valves in wastewater applications were added.

7.

Internal Coating and External Coating sections were modi ed to include

f

coating requirements and testing for air valves in water and wastewater applications. 8.

V.

Welding and fabrication requirements were added.

Comments.

If you have any comments or questions about this standard,

T

please call the AWWA Engineering and echnical Services Department at 303.794.7711, FAX at 303.795.7603; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235 -3098; or email at [email protected].

xi i

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

ANSI/AWWA C512-15 (Revi si on of AN SI /AW WA C51 2- 07 )

AWWA Standard

®

Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves for Water and Wastewater Service SEC TI ON 1 :

Sec. 1.1

Scope

Sec. 1.2

Purpose

Sec. 1.3

Application

G EN ER AL

Tis standard describes ½-in. (13-mm) through 6-in. (150-mm) air-release valves and ½-in. (13-mm) through 20-in. (500-mm) air/vacuum valves and combination air valves having gray cast-iron, ductile-iron, carbon steel, or stainless-steel bodies and covers. Te valves are designed for use in water or wastewater systems with maximum design pressures of 300 psig (2,070 kPa [gauge]), liquid temperatures ranging from above freezing to a maximum of 125°F (52°C), and a liquid pH greater than 6 and less than 12. Te purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for air-release valves, air/vacuum valves, and combination air valves for water and wastewater service, including material, design, testing, inspection, marking, and packaging for shipment. Tis standard can be referenced in documents for air-release valves, air/vacuum valves, or combination air valves. Te stipulations of this standard apply when this 1

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

2 

AWWA C51 2-1 5

document has been referenced and then only to air-release valves, air/vacuum valves, or combination air valves for water and wastewater service. SECTION 2:

REFERENCES

Tis standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, these documents form a part of this standard to the extent specifed in this standard. In any case of confict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail. ANSI*/AWWA C550—Protective Interior Coatings for Valves and Hydrants. ASME† B1.20.1 —Pipe Tread, General Purpose, Inch. ASME B16.1 —Gray Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: Classes 25, 125, and 250. ASME B16.42—Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: Classes 150 and 300. ASME B16.5 —Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS ½ Trough NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX—Welding and Brazing Qualifcations. AS TM‡ A36/A36M—Standard Specifcation for Carbon Structural Steel. ASTM A48/A48M—Standard Specifcation for Gray Iron Castings. ASTM A105/A105M—Standard Specifcation for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications. ASTM A126—Standard Specifcation for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings. ASTM A240/A240M—Standard Specifcation for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications. ASTM A276/A276M—Standard Specifcation for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes. ASTM A285/A285M—Standard Specifcation for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile Strength. * American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. † ASME International, 2 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016. ‡ AS TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AI R-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BIN ATI ON AI R VALVES 

3

ASTM A307—Standard Specifcation for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and Treaded Rod 60,000 PSI Tensile Strength. ASTM A351/A351M—Standard Specifcation for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts. AS TM A516/A516M—Standard Specifcation for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service. ASTM A536—Standard Specifcation for Ductile Iron Castings. ASTM A572/A572M—Standard Specifcation for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel. ASTM A573/A573M—Standard Specifcation for Structural Carbon Steel Plates of Improved Toughness. ASTM A666—Standard Specifcation for Annealed or Cold-Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate and Flat Bar. ASTM A743/A743M—Standard Specifcation for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron–Chromium–Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application. ASTM B154—Standard Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper Alloys. ASTM D395—Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set. AS TM D471—Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Efect of Liquids. ASTM D1149—Standard Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration-Cracking in an Ozone Controlled Environment. ASTM D2000—Standard Classifcation System for Rubber Products in Automotive Applications. ASTM E165/E165M—Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry. ASTM E709—Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing. AWS* A5.1 /A5.1 M—Specifcation for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding. AWS A5.4/A5.4M—Specifcation for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding. AWS A5.5/A5.5 —Specifcation for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding. * Te American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 Street, #130, Miami, FL 33166-6672. Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

4 

AWWA C51 2-1 5

AWS D1.1 /D1.1 M—Structural Welding Code—Steel. AWS D1.6/D1.6M—Structural Welding Code—Stainless Steel. AWWA Manual M51, Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves. NSF*/ANSI 61—Drinking Water System Components—Health Efects. NSF/ANSI 372—Drinking Water System Components—Lead Content. SSPC† SP10/NACE‡ No. 2 —Near-White Blast Cleaning. SECTION 3:

DEFINITIONS

Te following defnitions shall apply in this standard: 1. Air fow rate: Te fow rate expressed in standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM) for air passing through a square-edged orifce at standard atmospheric conditions of temperature at 60°F (16°C) and pressure of 14.7 psia (101 kPa absolute). 2. Air-release valve: A hydromechanical device designed to automatically release to the atmosphere small pockets of accumulated air and wastewater gases as they accumulate within a full and pressurized liquid piping system. 3. Air/vacuum valve: A direct-acting, foat or diaphragm-operated, hydromechanical device designed to automatically vent or admit large volumes of air during the flling or draining of a liquid piping system. Tis valve will open to relieve negative pressures and when closed will not reopen to vent air and wastewater gases when the piping system is full and operating above atmospheric pressure. 4. Combination air valve: A device with a single valve body having the features of both an air-release valve and an air/vacuum valve or a device with dual valve bodies—one body having air-release valve features attached directly to or attached by an interconnecting piping to a second body with air/vacuum valve features. 5. Design pressure: Te maximum pressure rating a manufacturer specifes for an air valve without exceeding the allowable stress of any of its components. 6. Manufacturer: Te party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materials or products. * NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. † Te Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, 6th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222. ‡ NACE International, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, TX 77084. Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AI R-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BIN ATI ON AI R VALVES 

5

7. Operating pressure: Te maximum and minimum pressure in pounds per square inch (psi), or kilopascals (kPa), in which an air valve is designed to function. It is also referred to as working pressure. 8. Orifce: Te opening in the air valve mechanism through which air and wastewater gases are vented from or air is admitted into the liquid piping system. 9. Potable water: Water that is safe and satisfactory for drinking and cooking. 10. Purchaser: Te person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed. 11. Raw water: Raw water is also referred to as source water. See Source water. 12. Reclaimed wastewater: Wastewater that becomes suitable for benefcial use as a result of treatment. 13. Slow-closing device: A mechanical device mounted on the inlet of an air/vacuum valve or combination air valve for water service to control the infow of air from the liquid piping system, or mounted on the outlet of an air/vacuum valve or combination air valve for wastewater service to restrict the fow of air exiting the valve. Note: On dual-body combination air valves slow-closing devices are ineffective if installed on air-release valve bodies due to their small outlet-orifce sizes. 14. Source water: Water from a supply source with visual debris removed before formal treatment, conveyance, and distribution. Source water is also referred to as raw water. 15. Supplier: Te party that supplies material or services. A supplier may or may not be the manufacturer. 16. Trottling device: An adjustable mechanical device mounted on the outlet of an air/vacuum valve or combination air valve to control the venting rate of air and wastewater gases exiting the valve. 17. Trim: Te internal mechanisms of the valve including the foats, stems, bushings, linkages, and orifces. 18. Vacuum breaker valve: A direct-acting foat-operated or hydromechanical device designed to admit large volumes of air automatically when the internal pressure in the liquid piping system drops below atmospheric pressure. Te valve does not open to vent air. 19. Valve size: Te nominal diameter of the valve inlet at its connection with the liquid piping system or the diameter of the outlet orifce when a larger sized inlet connection is provided. Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

6 

AWWA C51 2-1 5

20. Wastewater: A combination of the used liquid and liquid-carried waste from residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants, and institutions, which may include the infow of groundwater, surface water, and stormwater that may be present. 21. Water: Source, potable, or reclaimed wastewater used in water service. 22. Working pressure: Working pressure is also referred to as operating pressure. See Operating pressure. SECTION 4:

REQUIREMENTS

Sec. 4.1

Data to Be Provided by Manufacturer or Supplier

Sec. 4.2

Materials

If requested by the purchaser, the manufacturer or supplier shall provide the following information: 4.1 .1 Catalog data. Te catalog data shall include illustrations, valve performance data, a parts schedule that identifes the materials used for various parts, and the total net assembled weight for each valve size. 4.1 .2 Certifed drawings. A set of certifed drawings shall include principal dimensions, construction details, and materials used for all parts of the valve. 4.1 .3 Operating manual. An operating manual shall include the manufacturer’s installation and operating instructions, a recommended list of spare parts, and the maintenance procedures. Te contents shall be sufciently detailed to direct the assembly and disassembly of the valve and to direct the ordering of parts.

4.2.1 Materials. Materials for air valves shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act and other federal regulations for source water, potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water systems as applicable. 4.2.2 Physical and chemical requirements. Te physical and chemical requirements of the components of air-release, air/vacuum, and combination air valves shall be as required by ANSI, AWWA, ASME, and AS TM standards referenced in this standard. Whenever valve components are made to conform to ANSI, AWWA, ASME, or AS TM standards that include test requirements or testing procedures, the valve manufacturer shall comply with the requirements and procedures. Te records of all tests shall be made available to the purchaser if required. Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AI R-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BIN ATI ON AI R VALVES 

7

4.2.2.1 Gray cast iron. Gray cast iron shall equal or exceed the requirements of ASTM A126, Class B, or AS TM A48/A48M, Class 35. 4.2.2.2 Brass or bronze. Valve components of brass or bronze shall be made to AS TM requirements and shall have a minimum yield strength of 14,000 psi (96,500 kPa). Any bronze alloy used in the cold-worked condition shall pass the mercurous nitrate test in accordance with AS TM B154 to minimize susceptibility to stress corrosion. 4.2.2.2.1 Bronze parts subject to wetting by line contents shall be made of low-zinc alloys containing less than 16 percent zinc. If aluminum-bronze is used, the alloy shall be inhibited against dealuminization using a temper anneal at 1,200°F ±50°F (650°C ±28°C) for 1 hr/in. (25.4 mm) of section thickness, followed by cooling in moving air or by water quenching. 4.2.2.3 Stainless steel. Stainless steel shall equal or exceed the requirements of ASTM A240/A240M, Types 304 and 304L or Types 316 and 316L; ASTM A276, Types 304 and 304L or Types 316 and 316L: AS TM A351/A351M, Grades CF8 or CF8M; ASTM A666, Types 316 and 316L; or ASTM A743, Grades CF8 or CF8M. 4.2.2.4 Cover bolting. Cover bolting materials shall equal or exceed the minimum physical strength requirements of AS TM A307, unless otherwise required by the purchaser. 4.2.2.5 Ductile iron. Ductile iron shall equal or exceed the requirements of AS TM A536, Grade 65-45-12. 4.2.2.6 Fabricated and forged carbon steel. Fabricated and forged carbon steel shall equal or exceed the requirements of AS TM A36/A36M; AS TM A285, Grades B and C; AS TM A516/A516M Grade 70; AS TM A572; ASTM A573; or AS TM A105/A105M. 4.2.2.7 Fabricated stainless steel. Fabricated stainless steel shall equal or exceed the requirements of AS TM A240/A240M. 4.2.2.8 Elastomers. Elastomers shall comply with the following: 4.2.2.8.1 Rubber shall be resistant to microbial attack, copper poisoning, and ozone attack. Rubber compounds shall contain no more than 8 ppm of copper ion and shall include copper inhibitors to prevent copper degradation of the rubber material. 4.2.2.8.2 Rubber compounds shall be capable of withstanding an ozoneresistance test when tested in accordance with ASTM D1149. Te tests shall be conducted on the unstressed samples for 70 hr at 104°F (40°C) with an ozone

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

8 

AWWA C51 2-1 5

Sec. 4.3

concentration of 0.5 ppm; and there shall be no visible cracking in the surfaces of the test samples after tests. 4.2.2.8.3 Rubber compounds shall have a maximum compression set value of 18 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM D395, Method B, for 22 hr at 158°F (71°C). 4.2.2.8.4 Rubber compounds shall be free of vegetable oils, vegetable oil derivatives, animal fats, and animal oils. 4.2.2.8.5 Rubber compounds shall contain no more than 1.5 parts wax per 100 parts of rubber hydrocarbon and shall have less than a 2 percent volume increase when tested in accordance with AS TM D471 after being immersed in distilled water at 73.4°F ±2°F (23°C ±1°C) for 70 hr. Reclaimed rubber shall not be used. 4.2.2.9 Gaskets. Gasket material shall be made of rubber composition or paper that is free of asbestos or corrosive ingredients. O-rings or other suitable elastomeric seals may be used for gaskets. 4.2.2.1 0 O-rings. O-rings shall be compounded in accordance with ASTM D2000 and have physical properties suitable for the application.

General Design and Detailed Design Requirements

4.3.1 General design. 4.3.1 .1 Allowable stress. Te allowable stress at valve design pressure shall not exceed one-third of the yield strength or one-ffth of the ultimate strength of the metallic materials used. 4.3.1 .2 Venting. Air-release valves and the air-release mechanism of combination air valves shall be designed to open positively and release air and wastewater gases to the atmosphere at system pressures up to the maximum operating pressure, at a fow rate dictated by the venting orifce size. 4.3.2 Detailed design requirements. 4.3.2.1 Body and cover. 4.3.2.1 .1 Te material of construction for bodies and covers shall be of gray cast iron, ductile iron, carbon steel, or stainless steel and shall have threaded or f anged connections, as required by the purchaser. 4.3.2.1 .2 Large outlet orifces, air/vacuum valves, and combination air valves 2-in. (50 mm) or larger shall have a minimum fow area equal to or greater than the fow area of a circle having a diameter equivalent to the nominal valve size. Valves for wastewater service smaller than 2-in. (50 mm) in size shall have an enlarged inlet connection of at least 2 in. (50 mm) to reduce clogging. For Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AI R-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BIN ATI ON AI R VALVES 

9

wastewater air valves, the large orifce area and corresponding nominal valve size shall be determined by the air-fow requirements and the inlet connection shall be equal to the orifce area or larger when designated by the purchaser. 4.3.2.1 .3 Te cylindrical or conical valve body for wastewater service shall be elongated such that the interior height is at least twice the average interior diameter. Te interior bottom shall be sloped and ftted with a minimum 1-in. (25-mm) National Pipe Treads (NPT) cleanout drain port located near the bottom of the valve and a minimum ½-in. (13-mm) NPT fush port near the top of the valve. If required by the purchaser, the drain and fush ports shall be ftted with ball valves and fttings to provide for the attachment of backwash equipment. 4.3.2.2 Valve connections. Valve connections shall conform to the following requirements: 4.3.2.2.1 Flanged-end dimensions and drilling for cast-iron bodies and covers shall conform to ASME B16.1 , Class 125 or Class 250. Flanged-end dimensions and drilling for ductile-iron bodies and covers shall conform to ASME B16.42, Class 150 or Class 300. Flanged-end dimensions and drilling for stainless-steel and carbon steel bodies and covers shall conform to ASME B16.5, except fanges shall be fat-faced unless otherwise required by the purchaser. 4.3.2.2.2 Treaded-end connections and drain and fush ports shall conform to the requirements for tapered pipe threads for general use, NPT, in accordance with ASME B1.20.1 . 4.3.2.3 Floats. Floats shall be capable of withstanding collapse pressures of at least 2.5 times the valve design pressure. 4.3.2.4 Flanged joint seals. Flanged joints shall be sealed with gaskets that comply with Sec. 4.2.2.9 or with O-rings that comply with Sec. 4.2.2.10. 4.3.2.5 Orifces. 4.3.2.5.1 Te air-release valve outlet orifce shall be suitable to release at the design fow rate the volume of air and wastewater gases that accumulates in a liquid piping system over the range of operating pressures. Te orifce size is specifc to the system releasing requirements. 4.3.2.5.2 Te air/vacuum valve outlet orifces shall be suitably sized, using the manufacturer’s sizing data, to vent air or to admit air at a required fow rate specifc to the system application. 4.3.2.6 Cover bolting. Unless otherwise required by the purchaser, bolts, studs, and nuts shall comply with Sec. 4.2.2.4.

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

1 0 

AWWA C51 2-1 5

4.3.2.7 Seats and diaphragms. Seats and diaphragms made of elastomeric materials shall be designed with a material selected for watertight shutof (zero leakage) and long-term service at a minimum pressure of 20 psig (138 kPa [gauge]). Valve seat and diaphragm design shall permit easy removal and replacement. 4.3.2.8 Special fttings. 4.3.2.8.1 Drain/test ports on air valves for water service with a 1-in. (25-mm) diameter or larger inlet shall have a ½-in. (13-mm) NPT minimum drain/test port located near the bottom of the valve body and a ½-in. (13-mm) NPT minimum diameter test port near the top of the valve. Te drain/test ports shall be plugged. 4.3.2.8.2 A combination air valve for wastewater service assembled with interconnecting piping between the air-release valve and air/vacuum valve shall have the interconnecting pipe equal to or greater in size than the inlet connection size of the air-release valve to prevent clogging and entrapment of waste debris. Te piping between the air/vacuum valve and the air-release valve shall be installed to allow air and wastewater gases to rise to the air-release valve. 4.3.2.9 Valve trim materials. Valve trim material shall be compatible with the intended service designated by the purchaser. 4.3.2.10 Valve outlet. Valve outlets shall be threaded, fanged, or hooded as required by the purchaser (or protected with another shielding device that is positively anchored to the valve cover). 4.3.3 When required by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall install a slow-closing device on the air/vacuum valve inlet connection for water service and on the outlet orifce for wastewater service; test the assembly in accordance with Sec. 5.1.1; and coat the assembly in accordance with Sec. 4.5.2.3. Te device shall provide full-size fow area in the reverse direction. When installed on the inlet connection, the body shall be gray cast iron, ductile iron, carbon steel, or stainless steel, with a closure disc that may be held open with stainless-steel compression spring. Upon entry of air or water, the disc shall close and allow the passage of air or water through adjustable orifces except that orifces may not be adjustable for valves with an outlet connection 2 in. (50 mm) and smaller. Te disc shall be brass, bronze, or stainless steel. 4.3.4 When required by the purchaser, a throttling device shall be provided for mounting directly on the venting orifce of an air/vacuum valve or combination air valve. Trottling devices shall have an adjustable closure disc that throttles the air and wastewater gas fow between 5 and 100 percent of full fow. Te device shall provide full-size fow area in the reverse direction. Slow-closing device.

Trottling device.

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AI R-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BIN ATI ON AIR VALVES 

Sec. 4.4

Welding and Fabrication

11

4.4.1 General requirements. Welding procedures, weld repair procedures, and welding operators shall be qualifed under Section IX, Part A of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code or under AWS D1.1 or other similar procedures. 4.4.2 Weld preparation. Weld areas shall be free of oxide, oil, grease, and other contaminants prior to welding. Te weld root shall be protected from oxidation by using inert-gas backing purge or other suitable means. 4.4.3 Weld materials. 4.4.3.1 Electrodes for carbon steel. Welding electrodes for carbon steel shall conform to AWS A5.1 or AWS A5.5. Use electrodes in the E70XX series. 4.4.3.2 Electrodes for stainless steel. Welding electrodes for stainless steel shall conform to AWS A5.4. 4.4.4 Weld production. Fabricated fanges shall be made from seamless forgings, cut from plate as a single piece, welded bar rings, or segmented and welded plates. Longitudinal welds of the body shell and radial welds of the fanges shall be full penetration. Attachment welds of the body shall be of uniform width and height for the entire length of the weld. 4.4.5 Stress relieving. Body fabrications shall be post-weld heat treated in accordance with AWS D1.1 or AWS D1.6 before machining. 4.4.6 Weld examination. When required by the purchaser, the body longitudinal welds and the welds connecting the fanges to the body shell shall be examined by the magnetic particle or liquid penetrant methods. In the absence of requirements by the purchaser, the examination method shall be chosen by the manufacturer. 4.4.6.1 Magnetic particle examination. Magnetic particle examination shall be conducted in accordance with AS TM E709. Te following indications are unacceptable: a. Any cracks or linear indications. b. Rounded indications with dimensions greater than 3⁄16 in. (4.7 mm). c. Five or more rounded indications in any 3-in. (76-mm) length of weld. 4.4.6.2 Liquid penetrant examination. Liquid penetrant examination shall be conducted in accordance with AS TM E165. Te following indications are unacceptable: a. Any cracks or linear indications. b. Rounded indications with dimensions greater than 3⁄16 in. (4.7 mm). c. Five or more rounded indications in any 3-in. (76-mm) length of weld. Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

1 2 

AWWA C51 2-1 5

Sec. 4.5

Workmanship and Coatings

4.5.1 Workmanship. Workmanship employed in the fabrication and assembly of valves manufactured in accordance with this standard shall ensure the valves function as designed. 4.5.1 .1 Interchangeable parts. Valve parts shall be designed with manufacturing tolerances set to provide interchangeability in the products of any one manufacturer between units of the same size and type. 4.5.1 .2 Castings. Castings shall be clean and sound, without defects that will impair their service. Plugging, welding, or repairing of these defects in gray cast-iron or ductile-iron castings will not be allowed. Stainless-steel castings shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears. Unacceptable visible surface discontinuities shall be removed. Teir removal shall be verifed by visual examination of the resultant cavities, which shall be repaired in accordance with AS TM A351/A351M. Internal surfaces of the castings shall be smooth and free of sharp corners. 4.5.2 Coatings. 4.5.2.1 Internal surfaces. Interior surfaces of the valve body shall be clean and smooth. 4.5.2.2 Internal protective coating. When required by the purchaser, an internal protective coating in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C550 shall be applied to the wetted interior surfaces of air valves, except machined or bearing surfaces and corrosion-resistant components. 4.5.2.3 External protective coatings including fange faces. Exterior gray cast-iron, carbon steel, or ductile-iron surfaces shall be coated with the manufacturer’s standard coating or a corrosion-resistant coating selected for the specifc application as required by the purchaser. Te coating shall be compatible with anticipated feld coating when the feld coating is identifed in the purchase documents. Flange faces may be coated for protection from atmospheric corrosion only. 4.5.2.4 Holiday testing. When required by the purchaser, the interior or exterior surfaces of the valve shall be holiday tested and shall be holiday free in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C550. 4.5.2.5 Surface preparation. Surface preparation shall be in accordance with the requirements of SSPC SP-10/NACE No. 2 or as required by the coating manufacturer.

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AIR-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BI N ATI ON AI R VALVES 

SECTION 5: Sec. 5.1

Testing

Sec. 5.2

Inspection

13

VERIFICATION

5.1 .1 Shell test. With the valve outlet open to the atmosphere, an internal hydrostatic pressure equal to 150 percent of the design pressure shall be applied. During the test, there shall be no evidence of leakage through the valve, nor shall any part show evidence of permanent damage or distortion. Te duration of the hydrostatic test shall be sufcient to allow visual examination for leakage and shall be at least 1 min for valves 8 in. (200 mm) and smaller and 3 min for valves 10 in. (250 mm) through 20 in. (500 mm). 5.1 .2 Air-release valve seat leakage test. 5.1 .2.1 Hydrostatic test. Each valve shall be tested at an internal hydrostatic pressure of 20 psig (138 kPa [gauge]), unless otherwise required by the purchaser. Te outlet of the valve shall be open to the atmosphere. Te duration of each test shall be at least 30 sec. At the test pressures, the valve shall be droptight (zero leakage). 5.1 .2.2 Operational test. After completing the hydrostatic test, each valve shall be opened and closed three times, using water at 20 psig (138 kPa [gauge]) or at a lower pressure, if required by the purchaser, to activate the foat and foat mechanism. During the test, the valve shall be visually observed to be droptight (zero leakage). 5.1 .3 Air/vacuum valve and combination air valve seat leakage test. Each valve shall be tested at an internal hydrostatic pressure of 20 psig (138 kPa [gauge]), unless otherwise required by the purchaser. Te outlet of the valve shall be open to the atmosphere. Te duration of each test shall be at least 30 sec. During this test, the foat or plug shall be rotated four times in 90° increments. Tere shall be no evidence of leakage in any of the test positions. Work performed according to this standard shall be subject to inspection by the purchaser. 5.2.1 Plant inspection. Te purchaser shall have access to all places of manufacture where materials are produced or fabricated and where tests are conducted and shall be able to inspect the facilities and observe the tests.

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

1 4 

AWWA C51 2-1 5

Sec. 5.3

Rejection

Any valve or valve part that does not comply with the requirements of this standard shall be rejected. SECTION 6:

DELIVERY

Sec. 6.1

Marking

Sec. 6.2

Preparation for Shipment

Sec. 6.3

A davit of Compliance

Each valve shall be marked by body markings or a corrosion-resistant nameplate or both that clearly indicate the manufacturer’s name or trademark, size of the valve, size of the orifces if diferent from the valve size, and the designation of the maximum and purchaser’s-stated minimum operating pressure (or 20 psi if none is stated) rating of the valve. Valves shall be complete in all details when shipped. Cavities shall be drained of water to protect from freezing. Te openings shall be covered to prevent entry of foreign material, and the threads shall be protected. Te manufacturer shall carefully prepare the valves for shipment. Valves shall be fully packaged or attached to pallets at the manufacturer’s option.

f

Te purchaser may require an afdavit from the manufacturer that the material provided complies with applicable requirements of this standard.

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Tis page intentionally blank.

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 T 800.926.7337 www.awwa.org

Dedicated to the world ’s most important resource, AWWA sets the standard for water knowledge, management, and informed public policy. AWWA members provide solutions to improve public health, protect the environment, strengthen the economy, and enhance our quality of life.

1 P –2M 43 51 2-2 01 5 (01 1 /1 5 ) I W

P ri n te d o n Re c ycl e d Pa p e r

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.