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U.S. $9.99 SPRING 2019 DISPLAY UNTIL 5/14/19

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ENGAGED MEDIA INC.

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FEATURES 1.0 WATER By Michael D’Angona 8 1.1 LIQUID LIFE

Having enough water solves one of your biggest challenges.

18 1.2 HYDRATION HINTS

Tips and tools that will keep the water flowing

2.0 FOOD By Brian M. Morris 26 2.1 THE NEED TO FEED As ye sow, so shall ye reap.

34 2.2 RECIPES FOR SUCCESS

Food for thought in survival situations

3.0 SECURITY By Jim Cobb 44 3.1 REAL-WORLD SECURITY Solutions for a better night’s sleep

54 3.2 TURNING THOUGHT INTO ACTION Protect yourself and your family.

4.0 SHELTER By Dana Benner 64 4.1 REFUGE FROM THE STORMS More than just a roof over your head

74 4.2 LUGGABLE LODGING

Portable shelters take one very important concern off your list.

5.0 COMMS By Jim Jeffries 84 5.1 CONNECT AND COLLABORATE! Good comms—essential for survival

92 5.2 TALKING POINTS

The right tech will keep you in the know.

6.0 HEALTH By Joe Alton, M.D. 100 6.1 HEALTH IS WEALTH

The best commodity to have in an emergency is good health.

106 6.2 WELLNESS WISDOM

Tips and tools for keeping healthy

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7. PREPPPER CHECKLIST

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THE AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE PREPPER CHECKLIST

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8. DEPARTMENTS

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FIRST WORDS

Some articles in this issue might include stock images that are the property of Getty Images.

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EMERGENCY SURVIVAL MANUAL SPRING 2019 EDITORIAL Mike McCourt Brand Manager Kelly Nomura Executive Managing Editor Amy Maclean Managing Editor DESIGN Nadezda Sverdlova Art Director CONTRIBUTORS Joseph Alton, M.D., Dana Benner, Jim Cobb, Michael D'Angona,Jim Jeff ries, Brian M. Morris ADVERTISING Gabe Frimmel Ad Sales Director (714) 200-1930 [email protected] Mark Pack Senior Account Executive (714) 200-1939 John Bartulin Account Executive (866) 866-5146 ext. 2746 Eric Gomez Advertising Traffic Coordinator

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wice a year, the American Survival Guide team publishes our Prepper Emergency Survival Manual. This spring/summer 2019 issue focuses on general preparedness and survival information, as well as critical facts and advice that directly relate to what you need to know during the warmer months of the year. There are more than 250 tips and suggestions, as well as some useful product recom-

mendations, so we trust you’ll find plenty of informative and actionable material that will help you effectively and efficiently prepare for emergencies and other challenging scenarios in the coming months. If you’ve seen other Prepper Manuals in the last three years, you might recall that we organize them by using ASG’s “Six Pillars of Survival.” These pillars help us group the materials according to the major categories of water, food, shelter, security, communications and health. We think this approach makes all the information easier to digest and access when you refer back to these pages in the future. In addition, you’ll find that this issue is a manual in more than name. We have formatted each category in a way you would expect to see in your favorite U.S. military field or training manual. This makes it easier for you to quickly refer to the information you need when you don’t have the luxury of sitting down and re-reading each page until you find out how to address the challenge you’re facing. Each section is written by a regular contributor to American Survival Guide. They know our readers and the topics you are interested in. More importantly, however, they provide excellent insight and advice and are happy to share their skills and knowledge with our readers. The information and suggestions they share are the result of years of experience in the field and, in many cases, the training and instruction they have provided to others who pursue the goals of self-reliance and protecting their family and way of life. Perhaps one of the more valuable parts of this manual is the “Prepper’s Checklist” that you will find at the back of the magazine (pages 113 and 114). It’s a two-page piece that is designed to be cut out of the magazine so you can use it for several purposes: Use this checklist as a guide, a reminder of things to do, an inventory sheet or a shopping list. We even included some space so you can customize it to meet your specific needs. We know that no two situations or plans are the same—your needs and preparations are unique to you and your circumstances—but we think the 100-plus items we included are a great first step (or finishing touch) on your road to preparedness. Use it to assess your needs and as a yardstick to determine how ready you are for a wide variety of unpleasant or threatening situations. By the way, if you missed previous issues of the Prepper Manual, it’s not too late to add them to your collection. As I write this, both of last year’s issues are still available in print, and all six issues are available in digital format. You can shop for these and other ASG back issues by going to www.ASGMAG.com and clicking on the “Back Issues” button near the top of the page. While you’re there, peruse the hundreds of articles we have posted online—and be sure to sign up for our free weekly newsletter. Then, jump over to our Facebook page and hit the “Like” button. We’d love to hear from you, so let us know how we’re doing and if you have any suggestions for topics we should cover in the future. We hope this edition of our Prepper Manual will help you be as prepared as you can be for the challenges and hazards that might come your way. In the end, all we can do is all we can do. All the best! Mike McCourt

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OPERATIONS Manish Kumar Mishra Operations Specialist Surajpal Singh Bisht Prepress Manager Devender Hasija Newsstand and Circulation Analyst Shailesh Khandelwal Subscriptions Manager Alex Mendoza Administrative Assistant Victoria Van Vlear Intern Program Manager EDITORIAL, PRODUCTION & SALES OFFICE 17900 Sky Park Circle, Suite 220, Irvine, CA 92614 (714) 939-9991 • Fax: (800) 249-7761 www.asgmag.com www.facebook.com/americansurvivalguidemagazine

PREPPER MANUAL is published by Engaged Media Inc., LLC, 17900 Sky Park Circle, Suite 220, Irvine, CA 92614 © 2019 by Engaged Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction of any material from this issue in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. CUSTOMER SERVICE Engaged Media, Inc. 17900 Sky Park Circle, Suite 220, Irvine, CA 92614 Subscriptions, address changes, renewals, missing or damaged copies: (800) 764-6278 (239) 653-0225 Foreign Inquiries [email protected] [email protected] Back issues: www.engagedmediamags.com Books, merchandise, reprints: (800) 764-6278 • Foreign (239) 653-0225 Letters to the editor, new products or to contribute a story or photo: [email protected] SUBSCRIPTION RATES $32.95/1 year, $52.95/2 years. Outside the United States, add $32.00 per year payable in U.S. funds. Single copy price is $9.99. Please allow 6 to 8 weeks for new subscriptions to begin.

ENGAGED MEDIA, INC. Scott Hall CEO Jason Mulroney Director of Content William Ammerman Executive Vice President, Digital Nathaniel Phillips HR and Office Manager This magazine is purchased by the buyer with the understanding that information presented is from various sources from which there can be no warranty or responsibility by Engaged Media Inc., as to the legality, completeness or technical accuracy. GST #855050365RT001 Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608 Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: PITNEY BOWES, INC., P.O. Box 25542, London, ON N6C 6B2, Canada

LIQUID LIFE

HAVING ENOUGH WATER SOLVES ONE OF YOUR BIGGEST SURVIVAL CHALLENGES.

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he adult human body consists of approximately 60 percent water, so it should be no wonder to anyone that lacking too much of this essential resource is a guaranteed death sentence. During everyday activities, water scarcity is rarely in the average person’s thoughts. It’s very easy to grab a bottled water from nearly anywhere, use the water fountain at school or work, or just press a button on your refrigerator, and this seemingly ubiquitous fluid pours easily and effortlessly into your glass.

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However, during a man-made or natural disaster, this situation can become quite different. Public water supplies can become polluted or undrinkable due to sewage or other sorts of contamination. Deliveries of fresh, bottled water can stop as infrastructure collapses and NGO and government aid is nowhere nearby. Yes, these are very real possibilities in today’s unpredictable world. Now is the time to prepare for the unexpected— with water acquisition and storage high on your to-do list. Know how much you need, where to get and store it, and how to treat it. After

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BY MICHAEL D’ANGONA

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NOW IS THE TIME TO PREPARE FOR THE UNEXPECTED—WITH WATER ACQUISITION AND STORAGE HIGH ON YOUR TO-DO LIST. KNOW HOW MUCH YOU NEED, WHERE TO GET AND STORE IT, AND HOW TO TREAT IT. doing so, your hydration needs will be met as others scavenge for precious drops of this vital, life-sustaining fluid! 1.0 OVERALL WATER NEEDS You can’t prepare ahead if you have no idea what you and your family’s water needs actually are. There are many aspects of water usage that a person prepping ahead of a crisis needs to take into consideration; drinking, cooking, hygiene, sanitation and all remaining aspects of water use must be accounted for and calculated. Coming up short with food is one thing—the body can cope for quite some time—but there is no gray area when it comes to lack of water. Don’t guess, don’t underestimate. Your life depends upon it. Remember that your water needs should be seriously curtailed during emergencies and survival situations. An interesting point of reference comes from a general estimate by the U.S. Geological

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Survey in a 2016 publication, which states that the average American uses 80 to 100 gallons of water per day.

iAbove: Water taken from a stream or river needs to be purified before drinking, because harmful protozoa, bacteria and viruses could be present.

iRight: If your survival situation involves being in a marine environment, it’s wise to carry a desalinator in case you need to process seawater. (Photo: Bigstock)

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1.1 Basic Daily Requirements According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the recommended amount of fluid needed on a daily basis for an active adult is 2 to 3 quarts. This amount includes both water and water obtained from other beverages, including juice, milk, soda, coffee and food sources. Bear in mind, however, that there is a lot of variability in what is required for a specific

h Boiling water over a roaring fire can kill harmful pathogens in stagnant or otherwise questionable water. (Photo: Bigstock)

person. Factors such as age, gender, size, exertion level, weather conditions and others have an impact on the actual amount of hydration required. Use the recommendation as a basic guide, and always (if possible) plan your water needs on the higher side of the average. And don’t forget to plan for your pets and other animals, as well as plants for which you need to provide water. 1.2 Other Water Needs Aside from drinking, water is used in a variety of other activities while an individual or family is under an emergency situation. From brushing teeth and personal hygiene to general sanitation, water used for these and other purposes must be accounted for in a prepper’s total plan. Using information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the general rule of thumb is 1 gallon per person per day. This is estimated to cover all aspects

Again, however, unforeseen circumstances can happen during a chaotic time, so err on the side of caution and do what you can to exceed the recommended requirements. You’ll then have a built-in “buffer” in case things don’t go according to plan. Because most events don’t follow your plan, being prepared with this fact only helps you to be better prepared! 1.3 Long-Term Anticipation You never know if your situation will improve, stay the same or get worse. Because of this, you need a long-term water consumption plan. The CDC recommends that a person should drink their daily requirements and not ration water during an emergency. This keeps their body functions operating normally and their mental faculties sharp and stable—both essential traits during a survival situation. By drinking the normal daily amount of water and not rationing, a person can search out the next day’s water needs fully functional, both

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of water use but obviously doesn’t approach the amount required for a shower or bath.

consume based on the type, size and activity of the pet. For example, a large, active dog in a warm environment can consume much more water than a human needs on a daily basis, while a sedentary-lifestyle cat will require far less. Because you already provide them with most, if not all, of their fluid intake, you should have a decent idea of their daily needs. 2.0 WHERE TO SOURCE There are numerous ways to collect potable or raw water. Some are incredibly obvious, while others require some outside-the-box creativity to obtain this vital resource. Water can be gathered nearly everywhere on the planet, even in a dry, desert environment. Although the techniques used to gather water, as well as the amount of water obtained, vary greatly across geographical regions, the bottom line is that there is water out there … it’s just up to you to figure out how to get it, store it and use it wisely to survive. 2.1 Home Bottling Before going to the extreme to meet your water prepping needs, first think simple: Remember

h Below, left: Stagnant bodies of water can harbor many dangerous microorganisms, such as shigella, Escherichia coli, Norwalk virus, giardia, cryptosporidium and many more. (Photo: Bigstock)

hBelow, right: Rainwater can be collected in a wide leaf for drinking immediately or adding to your stores. (Photo: Bigstock)

physically and mentally. Knowing this, don’t try to stretch your supply; it’s not healthy for anyone. Instead, use the recommended amounts and initially plan for several weeks or even a month’s supply. 1.4 Family Pets and Working Animals If you have pets and they are part of your bug-out plan, don’t forget their water needs. Don’t expect to share the family’s supply with your dog, cat or whatever animal you love and care for. Consider them part of the family when making your plan and set aside their water accordingly. Like humans, animals vary greatly in how much water they

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that your kitchen sink tap water is perfectly fine. There is some debate about tap water versus bottled water in regard to certain minerals missing from one or the other, as well as fluorine and other additives. However, when your survival is on the line, and assuming your water supply hasn’t been compromised, the sink is a viable means to fill your canteen,

iEven steadily flowing river water needs to be purified before drinking. Never judge the “safeness” of water on its clean, clear appearance or flow rate. (Photo: Bigstock)

your backpack’s water bladders and any other vessel you have to store or transport water. 2.1.1 Fill Your Own Vessels From pots and pans to pitchers and empty soda bottles, nothing should be off limits when it’s time to fill up from home. Don’t hesitate to fill every clean container you have with fresh drinking water. You won’t know exactly when things might get back to normal (if ever), so it’s better to err on the side of caution and store more rather than less. This is for relatively short-term storage. Long term requires further steps to avoid toxicity during storage. 2.1.2 Bathtub Backup In addition to pitchers, pots and pans and

gallon jugs and even 5-gallon water cooler jugs. Super-tough Mylar water packs are also available if you need durable, individual water pouches that are especially useful when stocking your bug-out bag or vehicle’s emergency kit. Everyone’s needs are different, so it’s up to you to figure out what is best for you, your family and your overall survival plan. 2.2.1 Supermarkets Bottled water bought at a supermarket is inexpensive and plentiful and can be labeled as drinking, spring, distilled or even mineralenhanced. This is a great option when stocking a bug-out shelter or vehicle or keeping a cache in

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DON’T EXPECT TO SHARE THE FAMILY’S SUPPLY WITH YOUR DOG, CAT OR WHATEVER ANIMAL YOU LOVE AND CARE FOR. CONSIDER THEM PART OF THE FAMILY WHEN MAKING YOUR PLAN AND SET ASIDE THEIR WATER ACCORDINGLY.

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or natural, your mission should be to fill up all the bathtubs in your home. This water is not advisable to drink without processing, but it is perfect for flushing toilets and washing floors, counters and clothing. However, there are several water bladders on the market today that can be filled from the bathtub faucet and used to store anywhere from 80 to 100 gallons of fresh drinking water, all nestled in the tub. 2.2 Retail Outlets Another way to stock your needed amount of water is as simple as using your own water, but this option costs money—you buy it. From local supermarkets to specialty stores to online juggernauts, you have a wide range of options ... as long as you dish out the cash. Cheap bottled water is everywhere, as are

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anything else you filled with water, at the first sign of trouble in your area, whether man-made

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your home for emergencies. The negative aspects of supermarket water that should be considered are that the containers are typically very flimsy and can break or leak on extended excursions. In addition, shelf-life is not nearly as long as water packaged solely for survival use. Rotating your stock regularly, as well as saving supermarket water for storage and not travel, can nullify these drawbacks. 2.2.2 Online Sources The Internet is a great source for finding exactly what you need, and survival water is no

different. Dozens upon dozens of websites sell emergency-use water with a long shelf-life. Read the reviews of the product to make an informed purchase, and buy the water in one large purchase to minimize shipping costs. 2.3 Outdoor Options Sometimes, you have no other option but to collect your water directly from Mother Nature. From rainfall to snow and morning dew to the assistance from plants and other vegetation, you can get water from a wide range of natural sources and even from the ocean. Although not all means of retrieving water scattered across the outdoors are simple or provide a high volume of liquid, knowing where to look and how to capture it will keep you alive. In the end, that’s the only thing that matters. 2.3.1 Rainwater Abundant and ready to drink as it lands on your tongue, rainwater is one of the easiest ways to replenish fluids while out in the wild. Some environments provide more than enough, while others offer just a few drops. But no matter where you find yourself in the world, be ready to collect it for instant hydration. Collected and stored rainwater should be processed prior to drinking it. 2.3.2 Morning Dew In the early morning or throughout the evening,

h Above: Three to four days without water is likely to cause the death of most people. And, under high temperatures and unrelenting sunshine or with higher activity levels, you’ll have even less time to find a source for potable water.

hLeft: Rainwater that collects within rock crevices is drinkable, but it should be purified as a precaution.

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hNear left: Common, store-bought basic unscented bleach (containing 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite) can be used to disinfect clear, but suspect, water. The proportion to safely treat it according to FEMA is 1/8 teaspoon of bleach per 1 gallon of water. (Photo: Michael D’Angona)

exposed surfaces cool by radiating heat. This causes atmospheric moisture to condense and form droplets on grass, other low-lying vegetation and other surfaces in the form of dew. This drinkable resource can be collected with absorbent cloths that are then wrung out and drunk as if poured from a bottle. In

h Above, left: Small bottles of water purification tablets can be added to gear bags, stored in your vehicle’s glove compartment or kept at home for unforeseen emergencies. (Photo: Michael D’Angona)

some situations, it might be prudent to run it through a filter before consumption. 2.3.3 Lakes, Rivers and Seawater Lakes, rivers and ponds are obvious water sources, but with one drawback: You can’t drink water from them as is. Many types of waterborne pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, molds and viruses—not to mention heavy metals and other pollutants—can be found in these sources. Ingestion can cause serious medical conditions if the water is not properly treated. Filtration, boiling, adding chemicals and using ultraviolet light are a few processes used to neutralize the dangers. In addition, seawater, if pumped through a desalinator or distilled, can be converted to potable water. This tool is an absolute must for ocean-based bug-out plans. 2.4 Hydration From Foods Many foods, some more than others, have water as one of their significant ingredients. In a pinch, eating water-rich foods can help deter the onset of dehydration. At the top of the list are fruits and vegetables—specifically watermelon, cucumbers, strawberries, citrus fruits, celery and leafy lettuces. Dairy products such as milk, cottage cheese and yogurt contain a surprisingly large amount of water, as do diverse canned foods (green beans and chick peas, for instance) and even chicken breast. They can aid significantly in keeping you hydrated as a down-the-line last resort. 3.0 TREATING FOR DRINKING Water needs to be purified in order to be

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i Bamboo makes a great carrying vessel for water, due to its hollow, segmented interior structure. (Photo: Bigstock)

i Survival expert and instructor Creek Stewart takes a drink from a brook without worry while using a Lifestraw, which filters out dangerous pathogens. (Photo: CreekStewart.com)

sure that protozoa, viruses and bacteria are dead and other contaminants are unable to cause you major digestive trouble or illness. Fortunately, there are numerous ways to make this happen. Be prepared with as many purifying means as possible as you stock your water-related survival gear. 3.1 Chemical Additives Using chemicals to treat unsafe water is a viable option for survival and off-grid use. Chlorine bleach can be used to treat water, and with the proportions of bleach to water being extremely

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small, one bottle of bleach goes a long way, both in usefulness and economically. Iodine is a second chemical useful to make unsafe water drinkable. Superior to chlorine in effectiveness, it does have a few drawbacks, such as leaving an unpleasant taste in the water. It also deteriorates in sunlight. 3.2 Fire It Up! Boiling, if you have the means to accomplish it, is almost a guarantee to make questionable water safe for drinking. On your range top, over a portable stove or hanging above a roaring fire—it doesn’t matter what you use to boil the water. The time-honored rule of thumb is to ensure your water reaches a rolling boil for at least one minute. Bear in mind that this will have no effect on any chemical contaminants or heavy metals. 3.3 Natural Processing Ultraviolet light will basically negate the threat from microorganisms. Setting a clean, clear PET water bottle filled with clear, but unsafe, water in the sun for at least six hours

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BE PREPARED WITH AS MANY PURIFYING MEANS AS POSSIBLE AS YOU STOCK YOUR WATER-RELATED SURVIVAL GEAR. will disinfect the water. Likewise, there are numerous wands and other products that emit ultraviolet light into questionable water to make it safer to drink.

h Many people prefer to drink bottled water rather than water from their tap because of concerns about inadequate water treatment practices.

4.0 STOCKING FOR LONG AND SHORT-TERM USE Considering that a human can only live up to several days without water, both short- and long-term water storage plans are needed. 4.1 Short Term Any portable carrying vessels, such as canteens or water bottles, are perfect for short-term needs. These usually have a strap or carabiner that can be used to secure the unit to your gear bag or over your shoulder. Prepare as if you won’t find a water source for at least three days, so carry enough to stay hydrated properly and refill your containers every chance you get. 4.2 Long Term When storing water for long-term use, two questions should come to mind: How much room do I have to use? and What should I store the water in? Generally speaking, the more you stock, the better off you’ll be in the long run. However, your usable space will help determine what vessel is best to hold the water. Food-grade plastic is a necessity—or else your water will become toxic and make you sick. From 55-gallon drums to stackable cubes and brick-shaped containers, there is a size and shape to fit everyone’s water-stocking needs.

S O U R C E S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) https://www.CDC.gov/disasters/ foodwater/prepare.html Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) https://www.FEMA.gov/pdf/ library/f&web.pdf U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) https://water.USGS.gov/edu/ qa-home-percapita.html

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TIPS & GEAR

HYDRATION HINTS TIPS AND TOOLS THAT WILL KEEP THE WATER FLOWING BY MICHAEL D’ANGONA

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ust because 71 percent of the planet is covered in water, it doesn’t mean that fresh, drinkable water is accessible to you at all times. In fact, during a crisis, such as a large-scale hurricane, nuclear plant meltdown or societal collapse, the acquisition of drinkable water for you and your family will be difficult or impossible through your normal, everyday access points. This will cause you to

salvage to lend a hand. 1.1.1 Tarps and Ponchos Waterproof items that are part of nearly everyone’s bug-out kit include ponchos and tarps. Use cordage (another must-have in your kit)—either paracord or fishing line—to construct a rain catch. Position the back end higher than the front, with the sides also elevated to create a trough to direct the water flow. Have water carriers ready to collect the

think of new ways to secure this irreplaceable asset for your continued well-being—ways that perhaps you have never considered or even thought were possible. The following helpful tips can assist you in having this precious resource always available.

runoff, and you’re good to go. 1.1.2 Structural and Larger-Scale Collection If you are bugging in, use your structure to collect rainwater on a large scale. The downspout of a gutter (a built-in rain catch) can be dismantled halfway up the structure and the water diverted into a cistern, large drums or smaller, 5-gallon buckets that are more portable and can be replaced as they fill up. Be sure to process the rainwater before drinking it to remove any particles and other harmful impurities. 1.2 Absorption as You Walk Morning dew can be a great source of “ready-

1.0 CAPTURING THE LIFESUSTAINING LIQUID 1.1 Gravity Collection Rainwater is one of your best sources of water ... the trick is collecting it. Numerous methods are available, depending on what gear you have access to and what you can

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i Right: Tie bandanas around your ankles and walk through a grassy field near dawn. The bandanas will collect the fresh dew, which is perfect for an on-the-spot drink. (Photo: Michael D’Angona)

hFar and near left: Prior to purifying, filtering your water will help remove large particles. A bandana works great for this task. Keep a couple on you, as well as in your bug-out bag. (Photo: Michael D’Angona)

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to-drink” water. Use bandanas or other cloths and wrap them around your lower legs. Then

1.3.1 Solar Still Dig a large hole and place a large pile of green plant material inside. Place a cup or bowl in the

simply walk throughout tall-grass-filled areas around you. Once the dew saturates the fabric, wring the water out over a containment vessel, and you’ll have fresh, cool water to start your day or to store for later use. Depending on the situation in your environment and the state of cleanliness of your collection cloths, it’s a good idea to run this water through a filter. 1.3 Let the Sun Help The sun can also help with the collection of water but on a slow time frame. Using the power of the sun and the process of evaporation, you can collect small amounts of water from unlikely sources.

center of the hole, making sure it's not covered by the plants. Then stretch a tarp or plastic sheet over the hole and secure it with heavy stones on all sides. Put a small rock on the plastic sheeting, directly above the cup or bowl. As the sun heats the plants, they release moisture, which collects on the underside of the sheet. It forms into droplets that will travel down the plastic and collect inside the receptacle. 1.3.2 Plant Exhalation Plants, specifically large, leafy bushes and clumps of tree leaves, “exhale” water into the air. You can capture it by placing a large plastic bag or drop cloth around the foliage and tightly securing the end around the opening. As the sun heats the leaves, water droplets form and collect at the lowest part of the bag. Then, simply remove the contents (if the fluid is milky, discard it), purify and drink.

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2.0 MAKING FRESH AND DELICIOUS WATER Don’t make your survival situation worse by drinking unsafe water. No matter how thirsty you

below 6,500 feet and three minutes when above that height. Also, be sure you use a large enough vessel to contain the water while it’s boiling, or your yield might decrease. This might cause you to boil a second batch— wasting precious fuel and time! 2.2 Create Your Own Filter Filtering will remove particles, such as sand,

hLeft and bottom: Secure a large plastic bag around a green, leafy branch, tie it tightly at the opening, and let the plant’s natural “respiratory system” expel fresh water for you to collect and drink. (Photo: Michael D’Angona)

dirt, plant debris and more. The effectiveness of the filter lies in the type of filtering material you use and the order that you place them in your makeshift filter. Start with a sturdy vessel and puncture a small hole in the bottom. Then, add some grass—better yet, a coffee filter—to block the hole. Pack charcoal tightly to about one-third of the way up your container, followed by sand (also a third of

USING THE POWER OF THE SUN AND THE PROCESS OF EVAPORATION, YOU CAN COLLECT SMALL AMOUNTS OF WATER FROM UNLIKELY SOURCES.

the vessel) and gravel. Construction should progress from the finest medium at the bottom to the coarsest at the top. This should result in a slow drip when water is added. Soon, you’ll begin collecting clean, clear water that is ready for purification (remember to purify it, because this filtered water is not

are, getting sick and having diarrhea or vomiting will only cause dehydration at a much quicker rate and prevent you from performing important tasks. Processing your water is a must; and,

good enough to drink as is). 2.3 Flavorful Additives

once drinkable, there are ways to make it tasty too. 2.1 Proper Boiling Techniques Boiling is a good way to make nearly any stagnant water safe to drink. Boiling essentially kills viruses, molds, bacteria and protozoa through intense heat. Using your campfire or portable stove, heat your water to a rolling boil. Then, keep it boiling for at least one minute at altitudes

Even though your water is safe to drink, that doesn’t mean it’s tasty. Both man-made and natural additives are available to turn that often-nasty taste into a delicious hot or cold beverage.

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iNear left: A poncho makes a great rainwater catch. Using paracord, spread the poncho out and then secure the back two corners higher than the front two. Place a small rock in the center to direct the water toward your awaiting collection vessel. (Photo: Michael D’Angona) iFar left: A solar still is a smart and passive way to collect water. Using the sun, rocks, foliage and a plastic sheet, you can collect drinking water as you focus on other tasks around your camp. (Photo: CreekStewart. com) i Bottom: As a last resort, you can place a clear PET water bottle filled with clear—but suspect—water in the sun for a minimum of six hours. The ultraviolet light will kill harmful microbes, making the water safe to drink. (Photo: Michael D’Angona)

2.3.1 Store-Bought Flavorings Add individually packaged single-serving or larger flavor packets to your pack or a jacket pocket. These are available in most grocery stores and can also be purchased online in numerous tasty flavors. Not only will the water taste better when the favoring is added, the “bump” you get from the added sugar can also be beneficial for a needed boost in energy (even if it’s only very short term).

Coghlan’s Two-Step Drinking Water Treatment Overview Packing a one-two punch, this combo ensures your water will be safe from microorganisms and prevents you from getting sick from suspect water while in a crisis situation. Follow the simple directions, and you and your family will have fresh drinking water within an hour. Using an iodine-based formula, this purification system will treat up to 25 quarts of water—enough for a small group to survive the first few days of a natural or man-made disaster. Don’t risk not having drinkable water; add these tablets to your gear pack right away.

Specifications • Makes most water biologically suitable for drinking • 100 tablets • Compact, easy-to-store bottles • For short-term or emergency-use purposes

MSRP: $9.99 URL : www.Coghlans.com

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RAINWATER IS ONE OF YOUR BEST SOURCES OF WATER—THE TRICK IS COLLECTING IT. NUMEROUS METHODS ARE AVAILABLE, DEPENDING ON WHAT GEAR YOU HAVE ACCESS TO AND WHAT YOU CAN SALVAGE TO LEND A HAND. 2.3.2 Plant Extracts for Taste Nature can also provide great taste (and beneficial health applications) to your hot or cold water. Mint, raspberry leaf, dandelion, stinging nettle (this last one is also tasty as a green)—all can make great teas. Add to this the needles of pine, spruce and fir trees, and you have “year-round” beverage options. Be certain to avoid yew, ponderosa and Norfolk pine, because they are not safe to consume. 3.0 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE There are two types of carrying vessels: those you have prepared for use in advance and those that are improvised on the go during or after an unexpected crisis or when you could find yourself far from your pre-packed gear. 3.1 Planned Water Carriers Canteens, water bladders and collapsible bottles make great on-the-go water-transporting vessels. They were created to be durable and portable; so, when prepping, be sure to have several

on hand for you and your entire family. 3.2 Improvised Water Containers Much like the person who uses a pot to catch water coming through a leaky ceiling, you’ll find alternative methods for storing water if and when the need arises. Just be open to the possibilities around you while making sure to use containers that won’t make your water more dangerous to drink. 3.2.1 Condoms are super-strong, expand to incredibly large sizes and, when still packaged, use virtually no space in your pack or pocket. Remember to use only “regular” and avoid lubricated or those containing a spermicide. 3.2.2 Plastic bags with zipper closures in quart or gallon sizes, although not incredibly durable, can hold water in a pinch. Wrap them in a piece of clothing or a couple of bandanas for support, and carry them in your pack— away from sharp objects and items that can be damaged by water. 3.2.3 Common plastic drink bottles can be rigged as canteens. Take a piece of paracord and tie a loop securely around the bottle’s neck. Use this to create a sling as a handy means of attaching it to your belt or gear bag. 4.0 USES FOR UNDRINKABLE WATER Obviously, raw water that hasn’t been treated falls into the “undrinkable” category, but there are other sources of non-potable water that can be put to productive uses as well. A couple of examples are water left over after cooking or heating MRE entrée packs and dirty water you have after washing up. Even water that’s tainted with cleaning or other chemicals can still serve a purpose in other areas of your survival situation. 4.1 Flush it Down Assuming you’re at home, in a building or have access to public restrooms, use non-potable water to flush your toilet when necessary. 4.2 Reuse and Recycle With drinkable water in short supply during a crisis, reasonably clean non-potable water can also be used for washing clothes. This is a chore that uses a great amount of water, especially for a large family or group. 4.3 Fire Extinguisher No surprise here: Non-potable water can be used to put out your camp fire or prevent the spread of a larger blaze. Always keep a few buckets nearby when you are around any type of fire. Dry conditions, plus dead leaves and brush, make for a combustible combination.

i Above and right: When creating a filter outdoors, start with the coarsest materials at the top (such as grass) and decrease the size of the particles as you go down to the bottom of the filter. So, the next materials are coarse gravel, then pebbles, sand and finally, charcoal—with a piece of fabric or similar material to trap any remaining sediment before it empties into your container. (Photo: CreekStewart.com)

iRight: You can purify water by adding hot rocks to any area holding hard-tocollect water. Keep changing out the hot rocks until the water boils for at least one minute. (Photo: CreekStewart.com)

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GEAR GUIDE Katadyn Survivor 06 Desalinator Overview

Specifications

No one living on or near an ocean coastline or working in a marine environment should be without this incredible lifesaver. Just drop the hose into seawater, pump the handle, and salt-free, drinkable water comes out the other end. This desalinator is the world’s smallest, allowing you to pack it into your gear bag or stow it away on your vessel with ease. Use the convenient handle pump to convert saltwater to fresh within minutes. This desalinator is used by military and civilian personnel throughout the world.

• Reverse-osmosis technology • Compact size, perfect for one person • Lightweight (2.5 pounds) • Salt rejection average: 98.40% • Easy-to-use, pump-style operation

MSRP $1,195

URL www.Katadyn.com

Aquapodkit Plus One Bathtub Water Storage Kit Overview

Specifications

At the first sign of a crisis, it’s important to make sure you have plenty of water stocked. With the Aquapodkit Plus One, you’ll have plenty—without even leaving your home. Just place the bladder in your tub, fill it, and enjoy fresh drinking water for up to two months. The liner is constructed of 4 millimeter food-grade polyethylene plastic containing no PVCs and is BPA free.

• Fits nearly any bathtub • Each liner holds 65 gallons of fresh water • Includes lock-and-load pump • Keeps water fresh for up to eight weeks • Easy-to-use operation

MSRP $34.95

URL www.Aquapodkit.com

Sawyer Squeeze Water Filtration System Overview

Specifications

This award-winning, manually operated kit makes water filtration fast and effortless. Simply fill the durable pouch with water, screw the filter directly to the pouch, and squeeze what will be fresh water into your bottle or canteen—it’s that easy. Rated to 0.1 micron of absolute filtration, this lifesaver filters salmonella, cholera, E. coli, giardia and many more harmful pathogens. This is a must-have for any prepper or outdoorsman.

• Compact and lightweight (3.0 ounces) • Removes 99.99999% of bacteria and protozoa • Use lake, river or pond water without worry • Perfect for backpacking, day-hiking and longer-term use • Backwash and sanitize for almost unlimited capacity

MSRP $38.99

URL www.Sawyer.com

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Coghlan’s Drinking Water Germicidal Tablets Overview

Specifications

Make questionable water safe to drink with these simple-to-use tablets. Just add two tabs to 1 quart of water, shake the container, wait about 30 minutes, and drink. It is perfect for emergency use. Pack this small bottle in your bugout kit; or, to travel even lighter, make individual packages of tablets that fit perfectly in a pocket or mini-survival kit. When a crises hits, fresh, drinkable water becomes scarce, so let these tablets do their job ... and drink up!

• Easy-to-use preparation • No unpleasant taste • Iodine-based compound • Four-year shelf life from manufacture date • Treats up to 25 quarts

MSRP $6.99

URL www.Coghlans.com

Aquamira Frontier Straw Filter Overview

Specifications

Weighing only 1 ounce, this small unit produces big results as it filters out harmful microorganisms from otherwise undrinkable water. Using micro-adsorption, this filters combines the power of activated coconut shell carbon with medical-grade micro-porous plastic to remove protozoan cysts to meet U.S. EPA standards. It also reduces chlorine, eliminates bad tastes and odors, and is lead free. You can’t go wrong with this small, yet incredibly important, life-saving device.

• Certified filtration for up to 30 gallons • Lightweight, portable and easy to store • Antimicrobial technology suppresses bacteria, algae and mold growth • Certified lead free to NSF/ANSI 372 • BPA, chemical and iodine free

MSRP $11.99

URL www.Aquamira.com

Clearbrook Survival HighPerformance Water Filter Bottle Overview

Specifications

It doesn’t get any easier than this: Simply fill this amazing botte with water from a stream or river, close the top, and drink without fear. Using the IONIC Adsorption Micron Filtration System, this bottle will remove bacteria, cysts, toxic chemicals and heavy metals long before a drop touches your mouth. With a removeable and replaceable filter, you’ll enjoy potable drinking water season after season. This water filter bottle is perfect for hikers, campers and survival preppers.

• Easy-to-drink 32-ounce bottle with sport bottle cap • Processes 30 to 100 gallons, depending on contaminants • BPA-free polyethylene bottle • Leaves in beneficial minerals (calcium, magnesium and potassium) • Removes unpleasant tastes and odors

MSRP $27.95

URL www.ClearBrook.net

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AS YE SOW, SO SHALL YE REAP. BY BRIAN M. MORRIS

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PREPPER FIELD MANUAL [SPRING 2019]

M

ost Americans take the

environments with higher population densities

availability of food for granted. As we make our

that require almost all the resources vital for survival to be shipped in from elsewhere.

way through the day and our surroundings, we don’t

2.1 Dependence vs. Independence Without a constant flow of supplies, all mass

have to wait long to see signs of readily available edibles. Whether we’re passing the break

population centers will quickly run out of their food supplies. Regardless of the situation, the

room at work or grocery stores, restaurants or

demand for food continues. As a result, in dire

gas stations, food is everywhere. Some of it might not be the greatest for maintaining good

emergencies, and with supply lines cut, those living in urban and suburban locations will

health, but we’re rarely more than a couple minutes away from some sort of sustenance.

have few options. Available food will be gone quickly, and panic and chaos will soon rule the

On a normal day, almost all of us have zero concerns about going hungry.

day. Those with inadequate resources will either flee to friends or family elsewhere; or, if they’re

In a serious emergency or large-scale survival challenge, accessibility to food will vaporize in a matter of hours, leaving us with the food we have put aside for just such situations (if we had the forethought to do so). This section of our Prepper Manual is dedicated to making sure we have enough nourishment to make it through almost any catastrophe.

“lucky,” they will seek refuge from FEMA, the Red Cross or another non-governmental organization (NGO) that might be able to help them in place or evacuate them. As the situation degrades into a worst-case scenario, with an open-ended catastrophic scenario that has no end in sight, the food supply will run out. If government and NGO resources are not functioning, and the “friends and family” option is no longer viable, great masses of displaced and desperate people will migrate toward the relatively resource-rich rural areas to get food any way they can. 2.2 The Inevitable Conflict By this point, civility will be nothing more than a memory—as evidenced by the inevitable conflict between the desperate, starving urban

1.0 STATUS CHECK As the warmer months set in, it’s a great time to evaluate your food stores and see where you stand for the coming year. Most of us look at the food that we have on hand in our homes and think we have a great deal in place. With a stash of extended shelf life foods spread across canned, frozen or freeze-dried options, it is very easy to overestimate the amount of food that we have. The real starting point is to determine how much we actually need if we want to have an adequate amount of food to feed our family in times of emergency.

SEGAMI YTTEG ©

2.0 LOCATION MATTERS People living in rural America have an advantage when it comes to the availability of resources for procuring food during a crisis. In addition, these people are more likely to know how to grow and gather food than their urban counterparts. Meanwhile, the majority of our population lives in suburban or urban

refugees and the better-prepared rural population. While they might want to help, chances are that they will only have enough to take care of their own needs. 3.0 THE PLAN IS KEY The big issue is how much you will need when it comes to keeping yourself and your loved ones, human and pets alike, healthy until either the crisis subsides or you are able to make your way to a location where the situation is better or normal. Whether it’s an amply stocked pre-planned bug-out location or you find a place with adequate supplies to take you and your group in, these options will

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© GETTY IMAGES © GETTY IMAGES

hAbove: Understanding how to identify and harvest edible plants can be the difference between life and death in a survival situation. hTop left: While the flesh of a snake is edible and quite tasty, special care should be taken to remove the head and venom glands before you begin processing it. Make your cut 4 to 6 inches behind the head to ensure no venom is accidentally ingested. Bury the head so there is no chance that people or pets can make contact with the fangs, which can still dispense venom long after the snake is dead.

hBottom left: Food aversion can cost you your life in a real-world survival scenario. Insects such as these grubs can have up to three times as much protein as beef.

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require a combination of plenty of planning—and more than a little luck—to be viable. Without knowing the nature and duration of the event you might encounter, it is impossible to truly know how much you need to have in place. One thing we have learned from numerous recent emergencies is that the standard three days of supplies espoused by many otherwise authoritative agencies and organizations is not nearly enough. 3.1 Beat the Competition Remember, if a nasty scenario were to play out, you can expect everyone across the board to be hoarding and rationing their own food stores. This should be no surprise. Every life-sustaining calorie they give away is a calorie that comes out of the mouth of someone in their group. Lay in your supplies now, when the prices and selection are best and before the lines form at your local grocery store. Another problem you will surely run into is the threat of robbery ... or worse. After the reality sets in that what someone had on hand is inadequate for their needs, the prospect of hunger or starvation fuels desperation and can easily drive civilized people to do things they (and you) never thought they were capable of. 3.2 Plans Vary You don’t need to look any further than hurricanes Katrina in 2005 and Maria in 2017 to

© GETTY IMAGES

IN A SERIOUS EMERGENCY OR LARGE-SCALE SURVIVAL CHALLENGE, ACCESSIBILITY TO FOOD WILL VAPORIZE IN A MATTER OF HOURS, LEAVING US WITH THE FOOD WE HAVE PUT ASIDE FOR JUST SUCH SITUATIONS (IF WE HAD THE FORETHOUGHT TO DO SO). see that, even with a relatively healthy economy, a comprehensive infrastructure and fully functioning emergency response systems at local, state and federal levels, we still had people go several weeks or

4.0 EXTENDED SHELF LIFE MEALS You can choose from multiple preservation

longer without any substantive relief. So, if you were under the impression that within hours of a severe crisis taking place, a FEMA trailer stocked with food would be in your driveway, you are hugely overesti-

methods when selecting foods for your long-term supplies. Canned foods are typically the least

mating the response times and capabilities of government agencies and NGOs. 3.2.1 A Tier One Option

expensive and offer a wide variety of choices, but they’re heavy and tough to carry. At the other

h  Near left: Fresh-water clams can be easily found in most streams and creeks in the United States and can provide plenty of nourishment. Be sure the water you procure them from is clean, and always boil them before consumption. Shellfish are never 100 percent safe to eat, so do all you can to minimize the risk. h  Far left: If you want to learn to be self-reliant, you need to learn to preserve food so you have it during times when finding fresh food is difficult. This woman is hanging strips of fish on a large drying rack to preserve them for use during the coming months.

Because this is about planning, my ideal suggestion is that you reside in a rural area and homestead. Then, keep at least a 90-day supply of extended shelf life foods on hand. This would be used to supplement food supplies that you would harvest by hunting, trapping, fishing and foraging from your environment. I know—this is not in the cards for many people, but let’s keep it in mind as we create a plan that is viable for ourselves. 3.2.2 Get Out of Dodge For those who are living in the suburbs or the city when catastrophe strikes, my suggestion is to leave as soon as possible when you recognize that the situation is serious. Pre-arrange to stay with family or friends who live outside the affected area and who are willing and able to take you in. Make this a reciprocal agreement, and go the step further of pre-positioning needed supplies at each other’s location. 3.2.3 Head for the Hills Whether it’s a hillside cabin or a cottage at the lake, purchase a “bug-out” location and pre-position all your survival needs there. Be sure to include at least a 90-day supply of food and other necessities for your entire group. (Of course, don’t tell anyone about it who isn’t on your “guest” list.) 3.3 Food for Thought Wondering how many calories you really need to maintain your body weight? Well, that really depends on your sex, age, physical condition and activity level, which will be sure to fluctuate. Other factors I did not include in the chart below include the season, temperature and humidity, the fat, protein and carbohydrate ratios of the calories consumed, and many other factors. That said, the table below gives a good basic estimate of both adult males and females over the age of 18. Requirements for pregnant women are not covered.

TABLE OF DAILY CALORIC NEEDS FOR HUMANS SEX

AGE

MINIMALLY ACTIVE

MODERATLY ACTIVE

EXTREMELY ACTIVE

MALE

19 to 50 Over 50

2,400 cal. 2,000 cal.

2,600 to 2,800 cal. 2,200 to 2,400 cal.

3,000 cal. 2,400 to 2,800 cal.

FEMALE

19 to 50 Over 50

2,000 cal. 1,600 cal.

2,000 to 2,200 cal. 1,800 cal.

2,400 cal. 2,000 to 2,200 cal.

h In modern-day America, many urban and suburban dwellers are completely detached from the method of processing livestock for food. If they get to the point at which they to need to kill and prepare game in a survival situation, they might be in trouble.

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i  Top right: Freezedried meals are tasty, easy to cook and last for many years when properly stored. The downside is that you need potable water to reconstitute these meals—adding to your clean water requirements.

end of the spectrum, freeze-dried foods are very light and flavorful, but they’re on the high side of the cost range and usually require a clean water supply to prepare them. Many people include a combination of various long shelf life foods, depending on the intended usage environment and other factors. 4.1 Freeze-Dried There is a plethora of freeze-dried emergency and camping ration options on the market today, but a few stand out in the crowd due to

i  Bottom right: If you have certain health issues or want to continue observing cultural or religious dietary guidelines, foods made by NorthWest Fork might be a good option for you.

their tasty and varied selection, the extent of their shelf life and their relative affordability. Known as one of the oldest and most trusted manufacturers of freeze-dried foods, Mountain House leads the pack in its ability to provide a wide variety of lightweight, nutritious and delicious meals at an affordable cost. Prices vary but average between $7 and $10 per main entrée. The company claims a shelf life of up to 30 years on many of its products when stored properly. 4.2 Specialized Menus NorthWest Fork provides a unique and nutri-

i  Below: Proper food storage requires a dry, cool environment with enough space for air to circulate, durable shelves and regular rotation of foods according to their expiration dates.

tious alternative to conventional emergency rations. This company offers freeze-dried and dehydrated products that are specifically designed for those who have limitations in the foods they will eat. Whether these limitations are based on health, religious or cultural considerations, NorthWest Fork's foods are

healthy meals that taste great. Its gluten-free, 30-day food supply works out to about $5 per day and has a shelf life of at least 10 years. These foods meet the nutritional and caloric needs of an individual when normal access to food or meal preparation is not possible, such as during natural and man-made disasters, evacuations or in a severe survival situation. Ideal for everyday eating, backpacking and camping, as well as emergencies, the meals are available in a variety of packages—from multi-use packets to 72-hour kits and 12-month food supplies.

WITH A STASH OF EXTENDED SHELF LIFE FOODS SPREAD ACROSS CANNED, FROZEN OR FREEZE-DRIED OPTIONS, IT IS VERY EASY TO OVERESTIMATE THE AMOUNT OF FOOD THAT WE HAVE. 30

PREPPER FIELD MANUAL [SPRING 2019]

h  A favorite of survivalists and preppers for decades, military MRE rations are reasonably tasty, durably packaged, portable, last several years and can be eaten right from the pouch.

4.3 Ration Bars There is probably nobody whose favorite survival food is the ubiquitous emergency ration bar, but there are many occasions and places in which they make a lot of sense. UST 18-ounce emergency food ration bars provide the perfect blend of portability and required calories and nutrients to survive emergencies, especially when you’re away from your survival stores. Each bar consists of six 400-calorie portions with a pleasant, apple cinnamon flavor. These rations are an excellent source of energy when backpacking, enduring natural disasters, extreme weather and winter road emergencies. Because they are so light and take up so little space, they make a perfect food source to add to your bug-out or get-home bags or any emergency preparedness kit. The sealed package has a shelf life of five years and sells for $7.99 (or about $1.33 per 400-calorie portion). 4.4 MRE Meals MREs became so popular that manufacturers that make them for government contracts created civilian versions with the same type of packaging and shelf life as their GI cousins. These versions vary slightly by manufacturer but will be discussed here as a group. While there are some differences from government rations, the commercial versions are entirely suitable for emergency preparedness. Meal options are fairly limited, but civilian MRE meal calorie counts range from about 900 to about 1,250. Meals are available individually in cases of 12 assorted meals and by the pallet. Prices vary, but you can expect to pay from the mid-$5 range and up, depending on the source. A key feature to look for is whether meal heaters are included with the meal. If you have a dependable way to heat your meals, save yourself some money and get meals without heaters. MREs can last about five years when stored according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Because the shelf life is relatively short,

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make sure your source is reputable and its stock fresh from the factory before you buy. Typically, proper storage means a stable, dry, cool (about 45 degrees [F]) dark environment. It’s not uncommon for these meals to last longer than their expiration dates, but it’s not wise to plan to eat any food very long past its time. 5.0 HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH? How much food should I have stored for each member of my family, and what will the cost be? These are the most common questions people ask me about emergency food supplies. For this example, I decided to use MREs, because they make it easy to show a representation of multiple extended shelf life food sources that all have similar calorie counts, and each complete MRE meal comes at the same average cost. 5.1 Let’s Do the Math Let’s say each MRE provides approximately 1,200 calories. This means that based on the caloric needs table provided in this article, the average person will require about two MREs per day. MREs come in cases of 12, and let’s assume a cost of about $6 each, or $72 per case. So, you would need about five cases of MREs per adult in your group per month in

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PREPPER FIELD MANUAL [SPRING 2019]

order to maintain a decent level of health. This means a cost of about $360 per month per adult. I suggest that if you are preparing for a truly catastrophic event, you should plan for six to 12 months of stockpiled meals for each person in your party. For six months of MREs, you would spend about $2,160 per person. Now, if planning to sit out Armageddon is not your concern, I recommend that you keep three to four weeks’ worth of rations on hand for each of your family members. This should ensure you have the food you will need to live through power outages, major snow and rain storms, and many of the other unforeseen emergency situations that life might throw at you. Remember: While I used the MRE as my example, I am in no way suggesting that you should use MREs as your sole food to stock up on. As I said before, there are many extended shelf life foods to choose from, and the important thing is to ensure that you have food on hand with enough healthy calories to survive when conventional food sources are not available. 6.0 PET PROJECTS If you have pets, include them in your emergency preparedness plans. It’s short-sighted and irresponsible to assume that your four-legged friends will be able to fend for themselves if you don’t or if you simply leave them behind if you bug out. 6.1 Basic Needs Your pets will understand less about an emergency than you do, so it’s important to keep them in mind as you make decisions and preparations for survival situations. Some pets are better prepared than others for life on the move or strange surroundings. I also know that not all pets are dogs or cats, so apply this advice where possible and modify it as needed to fit the needs of your snake, guinea pig or tarantula. Check with your veterinarian about your pet's basic needs. In general, small dogs need an average of 30 calories per pound per day to maintain their weight. Larger dogs require fewer calories to keep in shape. This, of course, varies by breed, activity, age, time of year and other factors. On average, cats need approximately 20 calories per pound per day.

h  If you have pets, be sure to include their needs in your food requirements plan.

S O U R C E S All Feline Hospital (402) 467-2711 www.AllFelineHospital.com Mobile Petcare Clinics of Texas www.MPCofTexas.com Mountain House (800) 547-0244 www.MountainHouse.com NorthWest Fork (800) 700-2184 www.NorthwestFork.com Sure-Pak Meals from SOPAKCO (843) 464-7851 www.SurePak-12.com UST Brands (904) 786-0033 www.USTBrands.com

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PREPPER FIELD MANUAL [SPRING 2019]

TIPS & GEAR

RECIPES FOR SUCCESS FOOD FOR THOUGHT IN SURVIVAL SITUATIONS BY BRIAN M. MORRIS

W

hile it’s true that an average human can survive without food several weeks or longer, don’t rely on that general statistic when you formulate your emergency food plan. Food with real nutritional value, not party snacks, is an absolute essential human need, and without it, you are sure to die. You might still be breathing a few weeks after your last morsel, but you will be in no condition to do

much more than that. In fact, some people are unable to perform normal physical activities by the end of the first week of starvation. If you’re alone, or your group is in the same shape as you, the possibility of survival will depend on the kindness of others. That’s not something I’d want to count on in a serious survival situation. 1.0 PLANNING IS CRITICAL As with so many other aspects of survival and emergency preparedness, planning and

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Gourmia Portable Charcoal Electric Grill Overview This mini charcoal BBQ grill features a double-pan grill system, resulting in 90 percent less smoke for cleaner cooking and breathing, as well as a reduced signature when you don’t want to advertise to the world that dinner is served. The grill’s battery-operated turbo fan slides out, and the ignition plate, charcoal box, drip tray and grate all remove easily for cleaning. The dial and turbo fan technology ensure a consistent cooking temperature. This compact grill comes with a carry bag and lifting tongs.

Specifications • Nonstick grill diameter: 11.8 inches • Runs on four AA batteries • Dimensions: 16x16x10 inches • Weight: 7.8 pounds

MSRP: $149.99 hSome canned goods have been proven to remain edible for 50 years or more. Of course, this longevity requires ideal storage practices, as well as the presumption that the flavor and nutritional value will erode over time. If you see rust on the can or that the ends of the can are distended, remove the can from your stores.

There are many ways you can ensure a dependable and lasting food supply. Certain survival skill sets, such as wilderness survival methods, can take a considerable amount of time and diligent effort to master. Meanwhile, other areas, such as emergency preparedness, simply require you to identify and pre-position the items you anticipate might be needed in

prior action are really the keys to an effective and sustainable survival food strategy. You might have a cupboard with little spare room today, but that doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll have enough to eat if a mid- to longterm emergency or food shortage arises.

i Near and far right: These tanks hold stocks of rainbow trout. If you are fortunate enough to have a home, homestead or a retreat with a decent-sized pond, you could farm this type of protein source, which would take some pressure off building a food reserve.

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PREPPER FIELD MANUAL [SPRING 2019]

a serious crisis. 1.1 “Planning” Isn’t the Same as “Prepared” Another thing that people often take for granted is the “how” in this big equation. You often hear people say that if the SHTF, they will catch animals and preserve meat to stay alive—without really thinking through the steps or knowing how to perform the processes involved. In the end, as is true with most skills, reading and thinking about plans are not enough. Education, practice and real-world experience are still the only real ways to prepare yourself and your family to live through any adversity with which life presents you. 2.0 FOOD OPTIONS There are many options for filling your larder. Some people prefer to stock foods with very long shelf lives to reduce the need for rotating and replacing their stock. Others preserve

WHILE IT’S TRUE THAT AN AVERAGE HUMAN CAN SURVIVE WITHOUT FOOD SEVERAL WEEKS OR LONGER, DON’T RELY ON THAT GENERAL STATISTIC WHEN YOU FORMULATE YOUR EMERGENCY FOOD PLAN.

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hLeft: It might take quite a few, but these moles will make the base for a good meal that can keep you going until you secure a more-traditional protein source.

hBelow, right: In a true survival situation, you can’t take any potential food options off the table. For instance, earthworms are a decent source of protein and are often easier to harvest than many other protein sources.

iNear right: While they’re not very popular in the United States, grubs are a regular source of nourishment in other parts of the world. In a pinch, they could save your life.

their own foods or depend on canned foods for their sustenance. There is no universal plan that works for everyone. Learn about the choices that are acceptable to you and build your reserves accordingly. 2.1 Being Picky Limits Your Options A survival situation is no time to be a picky eater! For instance, earthworms are an excellent source of protein, but most people think they’d rather starve than eat them. If they’re your last option, you can find them quite easily in damp soil or on the ground after a good rain. Before eating them, drop your worms into a cup of clean water for several minutes. This allows them to purge all their impurities, making them safe to eat raw. 2.2 Diversify and Duplicate One key to meeting your nutritional needs in a survival situation is to not count on one single

food source or procurement technique. Always diversify your efforts by using multiple methods, such as traps, hunting, fishing and foraging, and in as many places as you can in order to maximize your chances of success. 2.3 Efficient Procurement Choose foods that provide the largest yieldto-effort ratio. You should always consider the amount of energy you are expending when trying to catch or find food. Anytime the energy spent is equal to, or greater than, the

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i Nature’s bounty offers many tasty and nutritious foods. However, unless you study and practice plant identification, you might put your group in danger by assuming any fruits or berries you find are edible. Remember: Just because other animals eat berries, nuts and other natural foods does not mean humans can eat them.

caloric and nutritional benefit of the food you acquire, you should discontinue that method in favor of those that are more beneficial. 3.0 ASSESS YOUR NEEDS Before laying your supplies in, perform an honest assessment of the food required to keep you and your group properly nourished. Don’t assume that everyone will be OK with canned chili and rice three times a week just because they’re cheap and easy to store. Having a variety of foods on your menu is just as important in a survival situation as it is in your everyday life. Furthermore, don’t invest in large volumes of foods you haven’t already sampled. Be sure you will be able to prepare

iThey might be cute and fun to watch, but foraging animals that enter your camp and get into your food stash are nothing more than competitors for your sustenance. Take proper measures to protect your food supplies ... or expect to suffer the consequences.

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new types of foods as needed and that everyone has eaten and approved the food before you buy it. 3.1 Know Your Caloric Needs The Harvard Medical School’s health publications suggest that women should avoid dropping below 1,200 calories daily and men 1,500 calories, warning that even with these caloric intakes, they will likely continue to drop weight; and that in order to maintain their current body weights, women often require 1,600 to 2,400 calories daily, while many adult men need 2,000 to 3,000 calories a day. Of course, actual requirements also depend on

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EDUCATION, PRACTICE AND REAL-WORLD EXPERIENCE ARE STILL THE ONLY REAL WAYS TO PREPARE YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY TO LIVE THROUGH ANY ADVERSITY WITH WHICH LIFE PRESENTS YOU. age, body type, health, activity level and other variables, so be sure to consider these when determining your needs. 4.0 PROCURING FOOD When it comes to extended shelf life food selection, freeze-dried has long been considered the

and temperature changes are best suited for long-term storage of your provisions. Proper storage begins when the food is packaged, so bear that in mind if you are preserving your own foods. 5.1 Location, Location, Location

hLeft: Mushrooms might be tasty, but you’re better off keeping them out of your pot—unless you are an expert at identifying edible from poisonous specimens.

Moisture, heat, oxygen and light are the biggest causes for your food stores to spoil before their expiration dates. You can prevent, or at least delay, this from happening by placing a silica or desiccant packet to absorb moisture in any bag or container that has dry food in it. Natural and artificial light can adversely impact containers, packaging

Pets Imperial Savoy Single Large Chicken Coop Overview

way to go. Of all the rations available with extended shelf lives, freeze-dried foods are the best, because they will last the longest (when properly stored). Once they are reconstituted with clean water—sometimes a significant downside—they look and taste the closest to their original presentation, and they will maintain the most nutritional value. They’re also lighter than other types of meals, making it easier to carry more calories per pound. 4.1 Shelf Lives Beware of emergency foods that claim shelf lives of 25 years or more. While some brands can live up to this claim, many emergency foods will only last between three and five years, regardless of how they are packaged. It is important to choose the correct types of food if you are looking to get the most shelf life out of your food stores. In addition, you’ll need to rotate out more often those foods that have shorter shelf lives. Wheat, corn, sugar and rice are some of the few foods that have shelf lives that go beyond 30 years when stored correctly. 4.2 Renewable Sources Give a man a fish, and you’ll feed him for a day. Teach him to fish, and you’ve fed him for a lifetime. Fish are outstanding sources of protein, and they are relatively easy to catch, especially if you rig multiple lines and traps. You can even stock fish in a tank or pond on your property and provide yourself with a never-ending food source.

This coop can comfortably house five to six birds, depending on their breed, making it perfect for anyone from the suburban prepper looking to supplement their food stocks to the homesteader who depends on their birds for sustenance. The Savoy is a safe and user-friendly location to house chickens. In it, they will be protected from predators, temperature extremes and inclement weather. Its ergonomic design makes it simple to clean and maintain, and it is built with high-quality materials, ensuring it will last for years. The roof opens, giving you access to all parts of the coop so you can combat red mites and other parasites, helping you maintain a high level of hygiene for your birds.

Specifications • Galvanized pullout metal tray • Four removable perches • One nest box with three compartments • Dimensions: 45x39x37 inches with 54x34x33-inch run • Rot-resistant, adjustable plastic caps on coop feet

MSRP: $299.99 URL: http://products.ChickenCoopProducts.com

4.3 Foraging Learn to forage, and eat for life. Learning what plants are edible and which should be avoided is an essential survival skill that everyone should at least attempt to learn. Certain plants, such as the dandelion and the cattail, grow all over the world and are almost completely edible. 4.4 Menacing Mushrooms I advise people to keep away from mushrooms. Contrary to what you will find in many wilderness survival blogs, books and articles, mushrooms are a terrible idea for a survival food source! Unless you’re highly experienced in identifying them, fungi in general are somewhat risky: There are many poisonous mushrooms that look almost identical to edible mushrooms. In addition, fungi offer little to no nutritional value, so the risk with this food source greatly outweighs the reward. 5.0 STORAGE You’ve decided what to get and how much you need. Now, you have to put it somewhere. In most cases, locations that are cool, dark and dry and that experience few environmental

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AS WITH SO MANY OTHER ASPECTS OF SURVIVAL AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, PLANNING AND PRIOR ACTION ARE REALLY THE KEYS TO AN EFFECTIVE AND SUSTAINABLE SURVIVAL FOOD STRATEGY.

hFar left: Many families can their own foods for use in their emergency supplies. While the shelf lives vary by food and skill level, these are often considered the tastiest rations in a survival pantry. Special care does need to be taken in storing these items because of the glass jars used as containers.

hNear left: Vacuum-sealed food storage bags can help prevent freezer burn and extend the shelf life of dry foods as well. In addition, you can seal other items in the bags to protect them from dirt, mold, bugs and other contaminants.

materials and food in containers that aren’t opaque. Heat and temperature fluctuations can also be harmful, so keep food stored in a cool location. 5.2 Rotation, Rotation, Rotation To ensure maximum shelf life, rotate your emergency food stores. Even extended shelf life foods will eventually expire. It is for this reason that you should set up a rotation system so you eat the foods with the earliest expiration dates first. On a related topic: Avoid buying a large supply of a food that you would not normally eat. While it might be a good deal, or you believe you’d eat it in an emergency, this food will probably be passed over and remain in your food cache until it expires. You will be better off if you spend a little bit more on the brands and types of food that you and your family will actually eat. 5.3 Insurance Invest in a bag-sealing machine. Another way to prolong the shelf life of your food, as well as to prevent frozen food from becoming freezer burnt and refrigerated food from spoiling quickly, is to use a bag-sealer that removes the air from the bag and then seals it shut. 5.4 Security Stash your food in a bag that is hung from a branch or other similar support to keep it safe from predators and other animals. Placing food that is in unsealed packages in a sack and hanging it from a tree limb will keep it out of reach from any unwanted guests who wander into your campsite looking for a free meal.

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hDon't invest in foods that have not been approved by your group, because you might end up wasting some if members are unwilling to eat it.

6.0 SANITATION Sanitation becomes more important in emergency situations. However, with cleanliness a lower priority than survival, there might be a tendency to be lax with sanitation practices. That said, you cannot compromise the integrity of your food supply by ignoring the observance of basic hygiene. 6.1 Waste Management Keep your latrine at least 150 yards away from where you store, prepare and eat your food. Fecal matter and flies and other pests that are attracted to it are sure ways to get you sick—which can turn deadly in a survival situation. To keep this from happening, wash your hands before touching food, and prepare and eat food away from areas used as latrines. Apply the same rules to waste disposal and other areas that attract vectors such as flies and rodents.

S O U R C E S Harvard Health Publishing https://www.Health.Harvard. edu National Center for Biotechnology Information https://www.NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov/ books/NBK22414

TM

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GEAR GUIDE Henry Repeating Arms U.S. Survival AR-7 Rifle Overview

Specifications

Originally designed for U.S. Air Force pilots who needed a small-caliber takedown rifle if they had to punch out during a mission, the AR-7 has found a place in the hearts of many preppers who value its portability, ease of operation and reliability. This semiauto is easy to carry and quick to assemble, yet it has the accuracy to take down small game when performance is critical. It is chambered in .22 LR, so you can carry a large quantity of ammunition without adding much weight to your gear. The pieces fit inside the impact- and water-resistant stock. Assembly is as easy as attaching the receiver to the stock, inserting the barrel and screwing on the nut—all without any tools.

• Caliber: .22 LR • Capacity: 8 rounds • Sights: Front blade and adjustable rear • Length: 16.5 inches (stowed)/35 inches (assembled) • Weight: 3.5 pounds

MSRP Starting at $305

URL www.HenryUSA.com

Excalibur Food Dehydrator Overview

Specifications

Dehydration is the healthiest, easiest and most economical way to preserve foods. Load the trays and set the temperature, and the Excalibur dries the contents evenly so everything's done at once. Dehydration concentrates the natural flavor, sweetness and aromas of your food, leaving you with food that's far healthier than high-fat snacks and high-sugar candies that are filled with chemical preservatives. This large unit is ideal for large families, sportsmen, preppers and homesteaders. It includes flexible polyscreen tray inserts to prevent food from sticking to trays.

• 9 dehydration trays • Provides 15 square feet of drying space • Adjustable thermostat • 26-hour timer • Dimensions: 17x19x12.5 inches

MSRP $349.95

URL http://theLegacy Companies.com

CCI .22 LR Shotshell Ammunition

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Overview

Specifications

CCI has been a leading innovator of rimfire ammunition for more than 50 years, producing specialized loads to meet the demands of serious hunters and shooters. CCI Shotshell Rimfire Ammo shoots a pattern of fine birdshot pellets for dispatching small game and pests at short range. Pellets are contained in a plastic capsule that does not harm gun barrels, and any residue is removed with normal cleaning methods. Producing minimal noise and muzzle blast at subsonic velocities and having virtually no risk of overpenetration make CCI Shotshell Rimfire Ammo an ideal choice for shortrange hunting, as well as controlling vermin around the homestead.

• Bullet weight: 31 grains • Bullet type: #12 shot • Muzzle velocity: 1,000 fps • 20 rounds per box

MSRP $9.99

URL www.CCI-Ammunition. com

REALWORLD SECURITY

SOLUTIONS FOR A BETTER NIGHT’S SLEEP BY JIM COBB

A

ll too often, survivalists tend to think of security issues in an end-of-the-world context. Visions abound of blasted wastelands filled with mutated bikers or devastated urban landscapes with

Even though the loss of some possessions, such as heirloom firearms or jewelry, would be heartbreaking, in the grand scheme of things, they are just “stuff” that could conceivably be replaced. Our physical well-being, as well as the safety of our family members, is a whole

danger at every turn. The reality is that security concerns are just as important in today’s world as they would be in some far-flung apocalypse. Let’s face it: We’re in more danger of a home invasion, identity theft or even a mass-shooting event than we are likely to see a punk sporting a Mohawk haircut and a crossbow on his wrist coming to steal our last case of MREs.

different ball game. 1.1 Physical Assault At the top of the list for many people is some sort of physical assault. This would include everything from getting punched in the nose to rape. While we can partially mitigate this threat through training and education, as well as increased situational awareness, we’re not all-knowing superheroes. Common sense can be a valuable tool in the prevention of assault, but we can still be caught off guard; and bad things can, and do, happen to the best of us. Wounds will heal, but some injuries can be long-lasting or even permanent.

1.0 PHYSICAL THREATS There are various types or categories of security risks, and the threat of physical violence is probably the most immediately concerning.

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1.2 Workplace Violence Violence in the workplace has been a serious issue since the early 1980s. It could be a disgruntled current or former employee who

i At this range, even his sloppy stance won’t be enough to cause a miss. How do you handle this threat?

feels slighted and decides they want revenge. Or, perhaps a spouse who has just been served divorce papers arrives at the office of their soon-to-be ex with plans to end the relationship with a little more finality. Either way, others present could very well end up caught in the crossfire. 1.3 Mass Shootings There is no universally accepted standard

involves the killing of four or more people, excluding the murderer, in a public place. While media coverage would seem to indicate we’re seeing more mass shootings in recent years than we have in the past, that isn’t really the

i Below: Most people have never taken a punch before, even in childhood. Because it is an unknown, it can be a huge fear.

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definition for the term, “mass shooting.” As a general rule, though, many sources say it

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COMMON SENSE CAN BE A VALUABLE TOOL IN THE PREVENTION OF ASSAULT, BUT WE CAN STILL BE CAUGHT OFF GUARD; AND BAD THINGS CAN, AND DO, HAPPEN TO THE BEST OF US.

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RATHER THAN SUCCUMB TO LIVING IN FEAR, WHICH IS EXACTLY WHAT TERRORISM HOPES TO ACCOMPLISH, WE SHOULD STRIVE TO BE EVER-VIGILANT TO THE THREAT OF TERRORIST ATTACKS. whole story. The number of mass-shooting incidents has remained fairly steady over the last 30 years or so. What have increased are the body counts of those shootings. The United States has seen five of the 10 deadliest mass shootings in its modern history happen since 2012. 1.4 Terrorism Once upon a time—and not all that long ago in the grand scheme of things—terrorism was something we only heard about on the evening news. Bombings and other such incidents only happened in countries we might be hard pressed to locate on a map or whose names we might have been unable to spell. All that changed on September 11, 2001. Suddenly, terrorism was right in our own backyard. From that time on, we’ve seen a rise in domestic terrorist incidents, including the Boston Marathon bombing that killed three and injured 264 people, several of whom lost limbs. Rather than succumb to living in fear, which is exactly what terrorism hopes to accomplish, we should strive to be ever-vigilant to the threat of terrorist attacks. 1.5 Civil Unrest

or ideologies clash. Other times, it starts small, with a single altercation between two individuals that spreads like wildfire. Regardless, those who just had the misfortune to stumble across a protest while seeking a quick lunch or dinner could find themselves swept up into the chaos.

hAbove: The United States was irrevocably altered on September 11, 2001. Terrorism became more than just a buzzword in television newscasts.

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turn ugly. What might have been intended to be a civil protest against perceived abuses of power suddenly becomes violent. Sometimes, it is a predictable chain of events when volatile personalities

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In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the number and size of demonstrations protesting this or that. Unfortunately, these exercises of the right to peaceably assemble sometimes

hLeft: Some demonstrations are violent from the outset, but even peaceful ones can turn ugly very quickly.

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hBelow: Homeowners’ insurance might cover damage and loss, but it won’t help you stop jumping at every little noise in the middle of the night.

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iNear right: Violent encounters are fast, brutal and painful.

i Above: Crowds can make it difficult to spot potential threats, but keeping your head up and your eyes open is a good start.

2.0 HOME THREATS We think of our home as our castle. It is where we retreat to get away from the big, bad world and all of its chaos. Yet, this is also where we could be the most vulnerable—partially because we tend to let our guard down, of course, but also because our home is where we keep our shiny valuables. Comedian George Carlin once said that houses were “just a pile of stuff with a cover on it.” He wasn’t wrong. 2.1 Home Invasion Coming home to find that someone has been there and ransacked the joint can be traumatizing. Some homeowners have decided they cannot live in that place anymore, because they just don’t feel comfortable. Knowing

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h Below: Coming home to a ransacked house can be a traumatic experience and can leave you feeling violated.

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hParking garages can be favorite haunts for some criminals. They can nab wallets, purses ... and vehicles.

that someone has pawed through drawers and closets, regardless of what was taken, can make one feel violated. There is also a tendency for burglars to revisit their targets. 2.2 Phone Scams Even if you are on one or another of the donot-call lists, odds are that at some point, your phone will ring and someone will tell you about a vacation you’ve won. Alternatively, they’ll tell you your computer is infected with some sort of virus or that they are one of your relatives and need emergency funds immediately. From the outside looking in, we might have a tendency to think only suckers fall for such scams. But, every day, there are seemingly intelligent

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people who get fleeced by a smooth-talker. 2.3 "Porch Pirates" Incidences of so-called “porch pirates” are common news items, especially during the holiday season. These ne’er-do-wells cruise suburban neighborhoods, watching for packages that have been delivered to homes where the residents are still at work. They will brazenly walk up to the door, take the package and drive off. It is something of a gamble on their end—not just risking getting caught but

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doing so without any knowledge of what’s inside the box. 2.4 Informed Thieves In the last couple of years, new technology has allowed people to see what’s coming in the mail ahead of time. Scanners have been installed at many post offices, and people can sign up to receive an e-mail every morning that will have images of the first-class mail that will be delivered that day. It is called “informed delivery.” While this is a great service, it has already been used for nefarious purposes: Thieves will sign up for these e-mail alerts for several addresses. Then, they watch for credit cards, checks and such. Like porch pirates, they’ll walk up and take what they want once the delivery is made.

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THE REALITY IS THAT SECURITY CONCERNS ARE JUST AS IMPORTANT IN TODAY’S WORLD AS THEY WOULD BE IN SOME FAR-FLUNG APOCALYPSE.

hMost fights are over in seconds, not minutes. Even if you prevail, you might end up getting injured.

2.5 Looting In the aftermath of a serious disaster, one of the biggest threats to your safety and well-being is ... other people. While most folks will either keep to themselves or do what they can to help, there is always a percentage of the population that will seize the opportunity to loot and pillage, rape and steal. Depending upon the nature of the disaster, they might even start to go door to door to see what they can find inside. 3.0 TECHNOLOGICAL THREATS Along with the rise of technology in our lives

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ALONG WITH THE RISE OF TECHNOLOGY IN OUR LIVES HAS COME AN INCREASED RISK OF IT BEING USED AGAINST US. © GETTY IMAGES

has come an increased risk of it being used against us. Our bank accounts can be drained without a human being ever stepping foot inside the bank. Credit cards can be stolen. Orders can be placed online, paid for with

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hCheck your credit report on a regular basis to see if there is anything amiss, such as credit accounts you don’t remember opening.

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h Hackers and scammers don’t need your actual credit card in hand to make purchases and wreak a lot of havoc.

credit cards obtained in our name and delivered anywhere on the planet. Identity theft affects millions of people every year. 3.1 Card Skimmers Any time you use a credit card out in the world, there is a risk of a skimmer. This is a small device that is used to steal your card’s information. They are most commonly found affixed to ATMs or gas station pumps. When you insert your card to be read by the ATM, the magnetic strip runs through the skimmer first, which downloads the information on it. A tiny camera is also often installed nearby, which will capture the PIN that is used. With the data from the card, combined with the PIN, the thief has full access to your account. 3.2 RFID RFID is an acronym that stands for “radio frequency identification.” Cards that are RFID enabled allow the user to merely tap or wave their card in front of a reader, rather than swipe or insert it. Of course, these aren’t limited to credit cards. Many employers use RFID cards for identification or as passkeys for entrance to buildings or restricted areas. Thieves can steal the information stored on an RFID card without ever touching it. They can sit with a special reader inside a backpack and just wait for people to walk by with RFID cards in their wallets. The reader will automatically nab all the information. While they will still need specialized software and access to certain databases to make full use of the information, the risk of data theft is certainly there.

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THIEVES CAN STEAL THE INFORMATION STORED ON AN RFID CARD WITHOUT EVER TOUCHING IT.

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h With the proper equipment, a crook can steal your credit card information from yards away if you’re carrying RFID-enabled cards.

www.facebook.com/ americansurvivalguide magazine instagram: americansurvivalguide

WHILE WE CAN PARTIALLY MITIGATE THIS THREAT THROUGH TRAINING AND EDUCATION, AS WELL AS INCREASED SITUATIONAL AWARENESS, WE’RE NOT ALL-KNOWING SUPERHEROES.

3.3 Data Breaches Even if you do everything right, you could still be at risk. Financial transactions you make are stored by companies with which you’ve done business. You could open a customer account with “XXXX Survival Gear,” for instance, and, as part of your profile, store your credit card information for future purchases. This information could be stolen by hackers. They aren’t targeting you as an individual, of course. They are after as many profiles as they can download and later sell. 3.4 Home Computer Security Whether through a virus sent via e-mail or perhaps an easily guessed password,

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hackers and scammers have many tools at their disposal to gain access to your computer— and, through it, your bank accounts and such. Many of us do most or all of our banking online, along with paying bills and completing other financial transactions, all from our kitchen table or home office. This information is stored on our computers, where it typically doesn’t take much skill or knowledge to acquire—especially given the number of people whose computer password is, well, “password.” 3.5 Social Media Spend much time on social media, and you’ll see innumerable quizzes that will tell you your “North Pole elf” name or some such by consulting a chart of birth months, days, middle initials and such. While this is cute, all you’re doing is revealing your personal identifiers to the world. This can give hackers plenty of ammunition when they want to dig into your financial information and details. There are many threats to our safety and security all around us. This partial list isn’t meant to cause alarm or anxiety; rather, it simply illustrates how vulnerable we can be if we don’t take common-sense precautions to eliminate or at least mitigate the risks.

hTraining equipment such as a speed bag not only helps improve handeye coordination and reflexes, it is also a great workout.

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hSeek out training at martial arts schools that offer real-world techniques, as well as sparring.

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TIPS & GEAR

TURNING THOUGHT INTO ACTION

DOING THE WORK OF PROTECTING YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY BY JIM COBB

B

eing concerned about security is healthy. Feeling overwhelmed and terrified

about what might happen someday isn’t. The fact is, the better prepared we are, the less anxious we tend to feel about the thing for which we’ve been preparing. Understanding the risk is an important first step, and it helps to take some of the mystery and anxiety out of the equation. However, it is critical that we then move forward and make plans for how we’re going to deal with that threat, should it come to pass. 1.0 PERSONAL SECURITY “No matter where you go, there you are.”

Proper attribution for that quote is vague, with sources as varied as Confucius to Buckaroo Banzai. It is, however, entirely on point. Your security begins with you. Regardless of where you are, from home to work to somewhere in between, the one constant is you and what you bring to the proverbial table. The absolute worst possible time to realize you’re not prepared is in the middle of a violent encounter. 1.1 Situational Awareness Many people are so engrossed in their cell phones or their own thoughts that they miss a large portion of what is going on around them. Because of this, they are at risk for all sorts of things, from muggings to accidents. "Situational awareness" simply means paying

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i Near right: A good home security system can alert you and the authorities to a wide range of emergencies, including burglary and fire.

attention to your surroundings. Keep your head up and your shoulders back. Not only will this put you in a better position to see the world, it makes you look confident and alert, which is the opposite of what criminals want in a victim. Walk with your head on a swivel, always scanning for potential problems, which might include other people so wrapped up in social media that they

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1.2 Use Your Words Many potentially violent situations can be defused with good communication skills. For example, if you’re out with friends and you inadvertently offend someone at the bar, you can probably talk your way out of the situation more often than not. Sure, some people are just itching to throw hands, and that might be the only reason they are at the bar in the first place. That doesn’t mean you need to take them up on the offer. Keep your tone calm and friendly, apologize for the slight,

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whatever it might have been, and move on as

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hFar right: Setting up a camera or two that give you a great view of who is at the front door not only helps as a deterrent, it might also assist in catching “porch pirates.”

YOUR SECURITY BEGINS WITH YOU. REGARDLESS OF WHERE YOU ARE, FROM HOME TO WORK TO SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN, THE ONE CONSTANT IS YOU AND WHAT YOU BRING TO THE PROVERBIAL TABLE.

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will walk right into you if you’re not careful.

soon as you can. Save the fighting for when there is something truly worth fighting about. 1.3 Shape Up Violence is exhausting, and if you aren’t in decent physical condition, you’ll tap out early. Make a point of losing the belly and gaining some cardio fitness. Strength is great, but flexibility and endurance are better. You don’t need to join a gym either. Visit your local library, and you’ll find a shelf or two of fitness workout DVDs. Grab a few that look promising and give them a whirl. Change it up as needed to keep things interesting. (Just to be on the safe side, we do recommend consulting a physician before embarking on a fitness regimen.) 1.4 Carry Concerns It is said that “God made men, and Sam Colt made them equal.” A handgun can certainly

CRKT Seismic Folder Overview A solid knife is a great option as a backup defense weapon. The Seismic is one of the first knives from CRKT to use its new Deadbolt locking feature. Steel bolts inside the handle engage with the blade when it is opened, giving the entire knife remarkable strength. A large button sits at the pivot point to disengage the lock and close the knife. This is a beefy knife—

even out the odds a bit. If you are going to carry a weapon of any kind, be sure to put in the

one that is ready for real-world action.

time learning how to use it properly. On top of that, make sure you fully understand the laws that govern the legal use of the weapon.

Specifications

1.5 Close-Quarters Combat Find a martial arts school that provides real-world training. While most schools will at least give you a good workout once or twice a week, you want instruction on tactics that will easily translate to the street. Some recommended arts include Sayoc Kali, Krav Maga and Jeet Kune Do. Look for training in the use of simple weapons, too, such as the short staff. You can improvise such a weapon almost anywhere.

• Overall length: 8.426 inches • Blade length: 3.969 inches • Weight: 6.3 ounces • Steel: 1.4116 stainless steel • Handle scales: G10

MSRP: $150 URL: www.CRKT.com

2.0 HOME SECURITY There are many options to explore when it comes to securing your home—from alarms to surveillance gear. However, one of the most important resources available is the same situational awareness we talked about earlier. Common sense is also a valuable asset. 2.1 Thief Magnets There are all sorts of signs and stickers out there with clever sayings about shooting

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hPrevious page: Watch for skimmers anyplace you’re using a credit or debit card. Tug and wiggle the credit card reader to ensure it isn’t fake.

hLeft: Learning effective communication skills, including how to be respectful to others, can go a long way toward preventing altercations.

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SEGAMI YTTEG ©

hThe better your overall health and physical condition, the better you’ll be able to handle stress, as well as possible defensive encounters.

iRight: Today’s video cameras are small and can be viewed on your cell phone anywhere you have an Internet connection.

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i Below: Motion-activated lights around the exterior of the house will help you better see whether visitors come on four legs or two.

hLeft: A barking dog can be one of the very best deterrents against home invasion.

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BEING ABLE TO SEE WHO IS AT THE FRONT DOOR WITHOUT ACTUALLY STANDING ON THE OTHER SIDE COULD GIVE YOU TIME TO ALERT THE AUTHORITIES IF SOMETHING IS AMISS. trespassers, for instance. These aren’t deterrents to criminals. In fact, they have the opposite effect, because your firearms will be high-ticket items for the burglar who sees your gun "advertisement." All they have to do is wait for nobody to be home. 2.2 Effective Deterrents During interviews with those convicted of burglary and other home invasion crimes, the presence of dogs was cited as one of the biggest deterrents. Stickers and signs

advertising the presence of an alarm system were also high on the list. Criminals don’t want to do anything that will call attention to their actions. A barking dog or wailing alarm is a risk they don’t want to take. 2.3 Let There Be Light Motion-activated exterior lights are great deterrents. Mount them near every entry door. Not only will burglars go elsewhere, if you come home later than planned, you won’t need to fumble for a flashlight just to unlock the front door while your hands are full of groceries. Consider these lights as something akin to an alarm too: If you see it go on in the backyard, get off the couch and see what caused it to activate. 2.4 Video Surveillance Camera systems have really dropped in price the last few years. While they won’t work so well

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hRight: Who is more likely to see a threat coming—the guy reading the newspaper or the guy with his head up and paying attention?

Heckler & Koch VP9SK Pistol Overview The VP9SK is a subcompact pistol that is easy to conceal or carry every day. The grips are completely customizable via different grip panels and backstraps. This provides for a comfortable shooting experience, which means you’ll practice with it more often. The handgun is ambidextrous, too, with slide releases, as well as magazine releases, on both sides. The proprietary flat recoil spring reduces recoil and allows for better control when rapid-firing.

IF YOU ARE GOING TO CARRY A WEAPON OF ANY KIND, BE SURE TO PUT IN THE TIME LEARNING HOW TO USE IT PROPERLY ... MAKE SURE YOU FULLY UNDERSTAND THE LAWS THAT GOVERN THE LEGAL USE OF THE WEAPON. during a power outage, they are great for keeping an eye on things when you can’t be everywhere at once. Being able to see who is at the front door without actually standing on the other side could give you time to alert the authorities if something is amiss.

Specifications • Caliber: 9mm • Length: 6.61 inches • Height: 4.57 inches • Weight: 23.07 ounces (with empty magazine)

MSRP: $719 URL : https://HK-USA.com

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3.0 TECHNOLOGY AND SECURITY Our reliance upon technology and computers has become both a blessing and a curse. Paperwork that once took ages to complete now takes just the click of a button. Unfortunately, those same computer systems can be used to steal money, credit and even identities. 3.1 Mum’s the Word Scroll through your friend and contact lists on your various social media accounts. How many people listed do you actually know in real life? Keep that in mind when you want to post photos from your vacation while you’re still out of town and your house is empty. Think about it like this: If you wouldn’t tell it to a complete stranger on the bus, don’t post it on social media. 3.2 The Password Is … Trying to keep passwords straight can be the bane of our existence, but using your birth date and kids’ names isn’t the answer. Here’s a simple approach to creating a strong password: Grab a copy of your favorite book and turn to the first chapter. Write down the first letter from each word in the first sentence, alternating upper and lower case letters. Toss in your favorite symbol, such as a dollar sign or asterisk. Then, add the last four digits of a phone number you’ll never forget, such as the house where you grew up. You’ll end up with something like TmIbFaTdAtGf$9876, and it will be virtually impossible to guess based on your profile and

h Many times, because people aren’t careful, it takes very little effort for a hacker to steal their financial and personal information.

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other information you share online. 3.3 Card Scanner Scammers When you use an ATM or a gas pump, look for a skimmer. Tug a bit on the piece where your credit card slides in and out. If it is loose or wiggles in the least, move on. In addition, look for small cameras mounted on the machine and pointed toward the keypad. 3.4 RFID Protection An RFID-blocking wallet can protect your credit card information from being stolen by scanners as you go about your day. The wallet blocks the scanner’s radio waves from reaching the credit cards. Where the cards are placed in the wallet and the material used in the wallet’s construction are important, so be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Check out the gear on the next page for some great security suggestions.

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GEAR GUIDE 5.11 Tactical Holster Shirt Overview

Specifications

The Holster Shirt combines comfort and great fit with built-in concealed-carry pockets. Under each arm is a pouch large enough to secure all but the biggest handguns. The firearm can be carried in one pocket, and extra magazines can be placed into the other, all while fitting under sweatshirts, dress shirts and even workout clothing. Hook-and-loop closures keep your gear secure, while the integrated shoulder yoke distributes the weight for comfort.

• Material: Polyester/spandex blend • All seams and stress points are reinforced • Colors: Black, white • Sizes: Men’s S–3XL

MSRP $69.99

URL www.511Tactical.com

5.11 Tactical Revolver Reversible Jacket Overview

Specifications

5.11 Tactical developed a concealed-carry feature called RAPIDraw that is incorporated into this jacket, as well as in several of the company’s other garments. There are zippers inside the front pockets that allow for pass-through to your belt to access your weapon and other tools. As a result, you can draw your weapon without calling attention to yourself. The Revolver Reversible Jacket is also very handsome and fits in just about anywhere with either the polyester or the fleece side on the outside. Contrasting ribbed waistband, cuffs and collar complete the look.

• Material (side one): 65/35 polyester/cotton • Material (side two): Polyester heather fleece • Colors: Dark Navy, TDU Green • Sizes: Men’s XS–3XL

MSRP $129.99

URL www.511Tactical.com

Trayvax Ascent Wallet Overview

Specifications

Trayvax has been at the forefront of RFID-protecting wallets. The Ascent is a classic design. This is a good-looking front-pocket wallet crafted from leather and steel. It has a quick-access card slot on one side, as well as a card pocket on the reverse. The steel plate inside the wallet blocks anyone from trying to steal the data from your RFID-enabled cards. Trayvax offers a 65-year warranty on its wallets.

• Measurements: 4.0x2.75 inches • Materials: Oil-tanned leather with stainless steel frame • Capacity: Up to seven cards and up to five bills • Weight: 3.3 ounces

MSRP $59.99

URL www.Trayvax.com

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O I D A R M A W H OU

Y S P E KE

WGS HP Deluxe Kit

Amateur radio keeps you in contact with the people you care about. Our new HIGH POWER kits offer the highest powered handhelds on the market, and the education and accessories you need to communicate without infrastructure. Use the code ASG at checkout for $20 off your purchase.

www.worldgonesilent.com/asg

REFUGE FROM THE STORMS MORE THAN JUST A ROOF OVER YOUR HEAD

I

t is winter here, in northern New Hampshire, as I sit and write this piece. Just moments ago, the news had a story of a hiker being rescued off one of our highest mountains. The hiker got off the trail and was unprepared to weather the conditions, thus also putting rescuers in grave danger. It took them seven hours to reach the person. The current temperature here is 20 degrees (F), with a wind chill in the single digits. On top of a mountain, the air temperature is much lower, and the wind chill is sub-zero—

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not a pleasant place to be, especially if you are not prepared. Cold weather is not the only time you will need to be concerned about having shelter. It is extremely important to have good shelter in exposed areas where there is no natural cover and in dry, hot climates. Both the sun and wind will suck the life out of you if you stay exposed to them too long. Whenever you venture out, whether it is voluntary or if you are forced to bug out, you need to be prepared for anything. Whether it is hot, cold, sunny, rainy, windy or snowing,

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BY DANA BENNER

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iRight: Rural areas are full of barns and outbuildings. This would be a great shelter ... after careful inspection. Remember: If you like it, so will others, so be ready for company.

IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO HAVE GOOD SHELTER IN EXPOSED AREAS WHERE THERE IS NO NATURAL COVER AND IN DRY, HOT CLIMATES. food, water and shelter should always be part of your plan. In this case, shelter is the area of focus. 1.0 SHELTER “Shelter” can be defined as anything that protects you from the elements and other dangers. It can be as simple as a tarp draped between a couple of trees, a brush shelter, a tent you carry, an abandoned building or, of course, your home. It can also be a combination of all the previously mentioned locations/items. Don’t overlook man-made

iBelow: A tent large enough to store your gear can also offer a place to take a much-needed break from the demands of staying alive.

structures you might come across and can defend fairly easily. Remember: You are looking to survive. There is nothing more inviting than finding a cabin, or the remains of one, in the middle of nowhere. Don’t overlook your own home, fallout shelters or prepared underground shelters—both your own or those provided by the government. There is an old sailor’s saying: “Any port in a storm.” When it comes to taking shelter in adverse conditions, this saying should be your mantra. 1.1 Getting There A shelter is only good if you get to it in a timely manner. Don’t wait until the last minute to decide you need to seek shelter. Locating a good spot while fumbling around in the dark is not smart and could be potentially dangerous. Scope out possible shelter locations as you move through an area. Make note of caves, rocky outcroppings, fallen timber and semi-clear level areas, because they all offer a possible shelter site. Make a mental note—or, better yet, draw a map indicating their location. If you are using a GPS, plot the coordinates so you can get back to them if they are needed. When to seek shelter will all depend on the situation. Is your trip taking longer than expected? Do you know if you will not make it to

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hLeft: It might be dirty, but a pit shelter that uses available material is a viable option. (Photo: Christopher Nyerges)

hBelow: A pit shelter doesn’t have to large to be effective. (Photo: Christopher Nyerges)

your destination in a reasonable amount of time? Has the weather turned bad? Has one of your party been injured? If you can answer “yes” to any of these questions, it is time to seek shelter, start a fire and plot your next move. 2.0 TEMPORARY SHELTERS Ideally, if the SHTF, you have already planned for it. Perhaps you are carrying a tent; or, if you are in an urban area, you have already mapped out emergency shelters. By the end of the Cold War, most larger urban areas had established fallout shelter systems. While they are nothing more than basements in buildings or concrete-lined holes in the ground, at least they will keep you safe for the time being and give you time to plan your next move. Even if you aren’t carrying a tent or have access to prepared shelters, you can still make your own. Regardless, these are just temporary shelters. They are great as a stop between points A and B. The goal of these shelters is to keep you alive until you get rescued or you make it to your next destination. Wherever you take shelter, make sure it protects you from the elements and can be defended. I try to stay away from popular places (such as huts set up along well-known hiking trails), because they tend to draw unwanted guests—such as ... people. The same goes for caves, which tend to have other creatures in them (bears and big cats, for example). 2.1 Tents Tents have come a long way over the years. At one time, packing a tent was a major concern because of size and weight. Today’s tents allow you to pack any size tent that works for you. They are lightweight and don’t take up much space, so I highly recommend you carry one in your bug-out gear. They break the wind and keep you dry; that, alone, could keep you alive in an emergency. If you are using a tent, try to find a fairly level spot with good drainage. Try to set it up in a thicket of hemlock or other ground cover to offer some concealment. In most cases, if you’re careful, concealment is more important than cover: If people can’t see or hear you, they can’t find you. With modern materials and designs, even multi-person tents are fairly light. However, keep in mind that the larger the tent, the more room it takes and the more it will weigh. If you are going to carry a tent, I recommend a good three-season tent. Yes, they are a little heavier, but they

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iRight: A full load of wood might draw you in, but you might not be alone. Use caution when approaching.

iBelow: A simple corral, such as this one in Florida, would make a great shelter. The roof is already done for you. hLeft: This simple, yet secluded, homeaway-from-home is well-stocked and ready to go if you must leave your home in an emergency.

iRight: Four solid walls, a tight roof, food, water and a place to sleep comfortably make this shelter an oasis if a situation arises that requires you to bug out of your home.

offer more protection from wind and rain. 2.2 Building a Shelter If you have to build a shelter, whether it is a debris shelter, a pit shelter or another version, use as much of the natural terrain as possible to your advantage. Leaning trees and rocky outcroppings are great places to build a lean-to. I carry a tarp and 550 paracord in my pack. The paracord is used to lash material together, and the tarp can be used as a quick overhead or ground cover. Throw some hemlock branches under the tarp to keep you up off the ground, and you have a great place to spend the night. If you have a sleeping bag, so much the better, but you still will want something between you and the ground. 2.3 Minimalist Shelters For those who don’t want to pack a tent or build a debris shelter, there is another,

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THERE IS AN OLD SAILOR’S SAYING: “ANY PORT IN A STORM.” WHEN IT COMES TO TAKING SHELTER IN ADVERSE CONDITIONS, THIS SAYING SHOULD BE YOUR MANTRA.

quicker option: A bivvy or a good sleeping bag, along with proper ground and overhead cover, will do the trick and is easy to pack up quickly. If getting out of the area fast is critical, this minimalist setup is better than dealing with a tent. 2.4 Cabins There is nothing more inviting than finding a habitable cabin in the middle of nowhere— but be very aware of your surroundings. If you are well off the beaten path, chances are that you will have this oasis to yourself. Even so, scope things out thoroughly before committing. Is there recent human activity? Is

there evidence of bears raiding the cabin (common in places such as Alaska and the western mountains of the United States)? A decent cabin or similar backwoods shelter can make a restful stop along your route. 2.5 Shelters in Urban Areas In urban areas, you are certain to find more people—who are all doing the same thing you are. Extra caution should be taken. Nevertheless, urban areas offer many “conveniences” not found in the wilderness. Options range from abandoned buildings to metal dumpsters. In an emergency situation, a dumpster can be used as a last resort. Abandoned vehicles can also be used in a pinch. Underground shelters, subways and tunnels might also be options, especially useful in areas prone to tornadoes and other violent weather. Fallout shelters are relics of the Cold War, and most have been re-tasked for other purposes. However, these spaces might still be viable options. Both fallout and tornado shelters are great for temporary shelters; just be prepared to share them with others.

hThis minimalist shelter sets up quickly and will work to keep sun and rain off you and your gear. (Photo: Kevin Estella)

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hCollect materials at hand to construct a safe and effective shelter. (Photo: Christopher Nyerges)

UNLESS YOU’RE TRYING TO BE RESCUED, ALWAYS HIDE YOUR SHELTER, USING NATURAL COVER IF YOU CAN. THIS GOES FOR WHETHER YOU ARE IN THE WILDERNESS OR IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT. 3.0 PERMANENT SHELTERS

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4.0 SHELTERING WITH PETS

Permanent shelters are those places in which you feel safe enough to stay for an extended period. This can be your home or an established shelter in which you have stocked emergency

Just as for the other members of your party, you need to provide for your “best friend.”

supplies. These places can include friends’ homes or hidden places in the woods. Recently, there has been a drive to establish bunkers—underground shelters that have many of the comforts of home. These bunkers hold everything needed to make it through most disasters, whether natural or man-made. If you have the land and the cash, they are worth looking into. 3.1 Home Perhaps your greatest shelter choice is your own home. It is the place you feel the most comfortable and where you have all your supplies. You know the area and how to defend your place. Depending on the situation, if you don’t have to leave it, don’t. 3.2 Emergency Shelters Everybody needs a place to go if the SHTF. Some run to the woods. Others head for a preplanned place—perhaps a friend’s home or a bunker buried in the ground. If your place is the latter, you need to make sure it has everything you need to provide you and your family with what you need to survive, perhaps even long term.

That means making sure that no matter where you take shelter, your pet can stay with you. If you are going on your own into the wilderness, make sure to carry pet food, and be prepared to share your water. Make sure your shelter is large enough for them as well as for you. Don’t make your pets fend for themselves. If you are going to your pre-determined shelter, make sure you carry ample supplies or have provisions stored at the shelter, just as you would for any other member of your party. Public shelters are an entirely different ball

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hBelow, left and right: This debris shelter is effective protection from sun and wind and could be upgraded to keep rain out as well. (Photo: Christopher Nyerges)

hFar left: The author takes advantage of a fallen tree and other nearby natural materials to construct a lean-to.

hNear left: This leanto blends into the surrounding area, providing excellent concealment while effectively keeping you out of the elements.

game. Before you head to one of these, make sure they allow pets. Carry all your pet’s shot records. In addition, it is more than likely your pet will have to stay on a leash or perhaps in a crate. 5.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY Shelter is a primary component of protecting yourself from the elements and other potential hazards. It should also serve as a place that helps ensure your good health and wellness. 5.1 Health A major factor in survival is staying healthy. Part of staying healthy is keeping your shelter and the area around it clean. Simple things—such as having a dry living space that provides protection from dangerous temperatures and ensuring proper disposal of waste—go a long way toward this goal. Making sure your food is stored properly is key to maintaining proper health. 5.2 Safety When you are moving from one point to another, safety should always be a concern. Likewise, wherever you make shelter, safety should always be a consideration. Is your location safe? Does it provide cover? If not, can you at least conceal it? Can you defend it if it is compromised? Before you commit, always ask these questions. 5.2.1 Concealment Unless you’re trying to be rescued, always hide your shelter, using natural cover if you can. This goes for whether you are in the wilderness or in an urban environment. In the wilderness, place your shelter in a stand of evergreens or in rocky crevices. In an urban environment, try sheltering behind a dumpster or an outbuilding or blending into the shadows between buildings. Out of sight, out of mind. 5.2.2 Camouflage If you can’t hide your shelter, make it unattractive or look worthless. If your gear looks as

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PARTOFSTAYINGHEALTHYISKEEPING YOURSHELTERANDTHEAREAAROUNDIT CLEAN.SIMPLETHINGS—SUCHASHAVING ADRYLIVINGSPACETHATPROVIDES PROTECTIONFROMDANGEROUS TEMPERATURESANDENSURINGPROPER DISPOSALOFWASTE—GOALONGWAY TOWARDTHISGOAL. if it just came out of a sporting goods catalog, you are just asking for trouble. 5.2.3 Predator Threats Humans aren’t the only things you need to be concerned about. In a wilderness setting, you are liable to run into critters that can hurt or kill you or someone in your party. Be aware of animal signs within your surroundings. If you find worn paths, nests, bones or predator scat, don’t make camp there. Also check leaf litter for snakes and harmful insects before setting up your shelter. Clear your area of any debris that might hold unwelcome guests. Always err on the side of caution.

hBelow: The author uses an entrenching tool to clean leaves and other debris from what will become the floor of his new shelter. This simple step will help protect him from unexpected guests.

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© GETTY IMAGES

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TIPS & GEAR

LUGGABLE LODGING PORTABLE SHELTERS TAKE ONE VERY IMPORTANT CONCERN OFF YOUR LIST. BY DANA BENNER

I

n most emergencies, having an effec-

tive shelter is more important than everything else, other than access to potable water. Contrary to what some people like to believe, setting up or acquiring shelter—a proper shelter—requires some thought before it’s time to use one. If you find yourself in a situation where you won’t be able to make it home, you’ll be forced to either find or build a suitable place to be safe, protected from the weather and get some rest. If there is a chance you will find yourself out there without a place to safely lay your head, you should realize the importance of

making a plan, even a basic one, ahead of time. At any given time, you should know (at least, in general) what you have available for shelter-making and, hopefully, how to use it to your advantage. 1.0 TENTS Tents can offer a great deal of protection from the elements. The new materials and designs available have greatly cut down on weight and have increased comfort and effectiveness. 1.1 Options There are many types and sizes of tents available, from small, one-person units to

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iMost of us would not be lucky enough to stumble across a secluded cabin when the demand for shelter strikes. Be prepared with your own shelter so that you’ll have a dependable haven from the weather at all times.

IF YOU FIND YOURSELF IN A SITUATION WHERE YOU WON’T BE ABLE TO MAKE IT HOME, YOU’LL BE FORCED TO EITHER FIND OR BUILD A SUITABLE PLACE TO BE SAFE, PROTECTED FROM THE WEATHER AND GET SOME REST.

large models that can house many people and their belongings. Cabins and domes are common, and many can offer protection through three or four seasons of the year. Materials vary from super-lightweight, easily packable designs to models with heavier, treated canvas and other materials that allow the structures to remain in place for months or years. 1.1.1 Making Your Choice When deciding on a tent, take into consideration

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your expected duration of stay, the weather and seasons it might have to protect you from and the amount of space you’ll need. Remember that size does matter. The ideal size should be large enough for you, your group and your sensitive gear to be protected from the elements but small enough for easy mobility. Some degree of comfort is also a consideration, so be sure it will provide a decent environment without requiring excessive energy and effort to keep it comfortable throughout the year. In most cases, a three-season tent would be the likely choice, because it offers you the greatest protection in the widest variety of conditions. 2.0 MINIMALIST SHELTERS For some, carrying a tent is not an option. I can understand that, because the space and

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© GETTY IMAGES

hFar and near left: After a severe weather event, you might find accumulations of useful, shelter-making materials left behind by receding waters or other forces. These can often provide a wealth of options as you look for ways to create protection from the elements.

Big Agnes Frying Pan SL2 Tent Overview The Frying Pan SL2 offers a sleeping area for two people, as well as a little extra room for gear or a dog. Its two-pole system gives it great stability in adverse conditions. Pack weight is 5 pounds, 5 ounces. This tent is big enough to allow you to ride out bad weather in some comfort; at the same time, it is small enough to be efficient.

© GETTY IMAGES

Specifications

h A tent made with mesh panels and paired with a separate fly is more comfortable than a conventional tent on a warm summer night.

• Packed size: 7x18 inches • Floor area: 42 to 52x86 inches • Maximum height: 40 inches • Vestibule: Two for a total of 8 square feet • Two door • Mesh uppe

MSRP: $24 URL: www

weight saved can either reduce pack volume or it can be used for additional food, water or other supplies. Perhaps conditions don’t warrant setting up a debris shelter because you just want to get to sleep and be gone by first light. You will still need protection from the elements while you plot out your next move.

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Of course, if you’re in a suburban or urban environment, there could well be many options available if you just need something to keep the sun, wind or rain off your head for a day or

hLeft: If possible, locate your new shelter near a dependable water source. Having the ability to process nearby water for consumption and sanitation can make your situation much more tenable, especially during warmer times of the year.

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h Right: Having, or being able to make, plenty of cordage is critical if you are forced to build your shelter.

two. Some oft-found materials could include large pieces of cardboard or building materials—such as Tyvek house wrap, sheets of sheetrock, plywood or OSB—along with the celebrated shipping pallet. Most of these are probably going to be more readily available after either a highly destructive event scatters the remains of homes and buildings or in industrial or commercial sections of the area. Many times, these materials can also provide some level of concealment because, properly constructed, they’ll blend into the landscape of an urban wasteland better than a colorful tarp or tent. 2.1 Keep it Simple In many conditions, especially during normal spring and summer weather, a modest tarp and some cordage allow you to put together a shelter that works. The term, “tarp,” can be loosely defined as a piece of flexible material

h Below, right: Tools such as this Gerber Gator collapsible saw and L.T. Wright Jessmuk JX2 bush knife will make building most shelters less challenging.

that provides dependable protection from rain, wind and sunshine. With the right material, size and shape, you can fashion a number of suitable shelters that can include one or more walls and even a floor. This type of material gives you the flexibility to suit a number

SOL All Season Blanket Overview This piece of gear is like a multi-tool. In its role as a thermal blanket, it traps heat if you have to flop yourself on the ground. Its 35 square feet of coverage can be set up as an overhead or single-wall shelter or as a ground sheet. In a pinch, it is even strong enough to be used as a litter. At just 16 ounces, it is a great piece of gear that can handle multiple tasks.

Specifications • Packed size: 6.5x2.375x11.25 inches • Size open: 5x7 feet • Four reinforced corner grommets • Bright orange reverses to silver

MSRP: $17 URL: www.SurviveOutdoors Longer.com

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MOST OF THESE [MATERIALS] ARE PROBABLY GOING TO BE MORE READILY AVAILABLE AFTER EITHER A HIGHLY DESTRUCTIVE EVENT SCATTERS THE REMAINS OF HOMES AND BUILDINGS OR IN INDUSTRIAL OR COMMERCIAL SECTIONS OF THE AREA.

© GETTY IMAGES

WIDER TEMPERATURE RANGES AND MORE-CONSISTENT COVERAGE ARE NOW ACHIEVED WITH MATERIALS THAT WEIGH A FRACTION OF WHAT BAGS DID JUST A DECADE OR TWO AGO.

of varied situations, and they’re generally inexpensive enough so you won’t miss them if you have to break camp on the run. 3.0 SLEEPING BAGS Wherever you find yourself, be it an urban jungle or in the middle of a desert, you will need to stay warm at night, especially if it’s windy, damp or rainy. A good sleeping bag, in combination with a serviceable shelter, can

keep you alive. The modernization of designs, construction methods and material technologies used to build sleeping bags have at least paralleled that for tents. Wider temperature ranges and more-consistent coverage are now achieved with materials that weigh a fraction of what bags did just a decade or two ago. Insulation has become more efficient, and shell materials are lighter and thinner, making compaction and portability less problematic than ever. That said, you can carry a relatively small and light bag that gives you better protection throughout the year. So, like a three-season tent, your more-compact bag can be used in a wider variety of situations. Yes, you will pay more for these upgrades, but a good night’s rest is hard to put a price on, especially when it impacts so much of your ability to survive adversity.

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GEAR GUIDE Big Agnes Tiger Wall UL2 Tent Overview

Specifications

Of the tents listed here, the Tiger Wall is the lightest and has the least amount of moving parts. It was designed as a backpacker’s tent, so it’s quite portable. Although it will sleep two people, it is small; thus, it will be a tight fit. Pack weight is just 2 pounds, 8 ounces. Unlike some other tents, the Tiger Wall UL2 has hub pole construction, which makes for quick setup and takedown.

• Packed size: 5.5x18 inches • Floor area: 42 to 52x84 inches • Maximum height: 39 inches • Vestibule: Two, for total of 8 square feet • Two doors • Mesh upper walls and ceiling

MSRP $399.95

URL www.BigAgnes.com

Big Agnes Titan4 mtnGLO Tent Overview

Specifications

This tent is better suited for young families. It sleeps four people and even has room for you to stand almost erect (unless you’re under 5 feet tall, in which case, you can stand up completely). With a pack weight of 12 pounds, 12 ounces, it is still portable but a little heavier than some people prefer in a bug-out situation. With that said, it is perfect as a three-season basecamp shelter when an extended stay is planned or required. With ample room and sturdy construction, it is a good choice if there are more than two people in your party or you are bugging out with children.

• Packed size: 12x25 inches • Floor area: 86x94 inches • Maximum height: 60 inches • Two doors/removable walls • Double-wall construction

MSRP $399.95

URL www.BigAgnes.com

SOL Emergency Shelter Kit Overview

Specifications

SOL takes the emergency survival blanket one step further with this kit. Within the kit is a thicker-than-normal emergency blanket that is two and a half times stronger than the company’s standard blanket, along with four guy lines with tensioners and four stakes. If there’s a chance you need a shelter, this kit has everything you need to set up quickly and efficiently, and it’s small enough to keep in your vehicle too.

• Packed size: 6x2x7 inches • Kit weight: 6.2 ounces • Blanket size: 5x8 feet • Reflects 90% of body heat back to you • Instructions included

MSRP $25

URL www.SurviveOutdoorsLonger. com

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GEAR GUIDE Big Agnes Bolten SL 20 Sleeping Bag Overview

Specifications

Water-repellent and durable, the Bolten SL 20 is rated to keep you warm down to 20 degrees (F). The bag weighs 2 to 3 pounds, depending on the size of the bag, but if you are cold, it is worth every ounce. Its side panels move with you, so you won’t feel the constriction and confinement that are so often associated with mummy bags.

• Style: Traditional mummy • Stretch-fabric side panels • Insulation: Primaloft Silver and Primaloft Gold Active • Sizes: Regular (fits up to 6 feet); long (fits up to 6.5 feet) • Packed size: 8x17.5 inches (regular and long)

MSRP Starting at $289.95

URL www.BigAgnes.com

Big Agnes Crosho UL-20 Sleeping Bag Overview

Specifications

You might find yourself at higher altitudes and in conditions during which temperatures drop below zero at night. Staying warm is critical, and even with the best shelters and a fire, it might not be enough. If that’s the case, the Crosho UL-20 can help you make it through. Rated at -20 degrees (F), this sleeping bag is designed for high alpine use, but it’s water repellent for bad weather above freezing too. This bag’s weight ranges from 2 pounds, 9 ounces to 3 pounds, 4 ounces, depending on size.

• Style: Traditional mummy • Stretch-fabric side panels • Insulation: Primaloft Silver and Primaloft Gold Active • Sizes: Small (up to 5 feet, 5 inches); regular (up to 6 feet); long (up to 6.5 feet) • Packed: 8x8 inches (small); 8x9 inches (regular and long)

MSRP Starting at $579.95

URL www.BigAgnes.com

Big Agnes Sandhoffer 20 Sleeping Bag Overview

Specifications

A little lighter than the Bolten, the Sandhoffer weighs in at 2 pounds, 11 ounces to 2 pounds, 15 ounces, depending on size. Also rated to 20 degrees (F), the Sandhoffer is considered an entry-level technical bag, but it performs better than you’d expect. Entry-level sleeping bag or not, it will keep you warm at night.

• Insulation: 600-fill DownTek water-repellent down • Free Range Hood helps keep warmth inside • Available with left or right zippers so two bags can zip together • Sizes: Regular (fits up to 5 feet, 10 inches); long (fits up to 6.5 feet) • Packed size: 8x9 inches (regular); 9x10 inches (long)

MSRP Starting at $199.95

URL www.BigAgnes.com

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Get to know the all-new VR80 semi-automatic shotgun. Made from rugged 7075 T6 aluminum, this beast is compatible with most commercial buffer tube stocks and pistol grips. As long as we’re talking compatibility, the forend is also compatible with most aftermarket accessories. The VR80. It’s a must-have.

Accessories sold separately. 9- and 19-round aftermarket magazines also available.

CONNECT AND COLLABORATE! GOOD COMMS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR SURVIVAL. BY JIM JEFFRIES

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A

s springtime rolls along, the air is filled with the sounds of lawn mowers and rototillers, occasionally interrupted by the sounds of chainsaws following severe weather. If there is an extended power outage, gasoline-powered generators can be heard running all hours of the day and night. Depending on where you live, the echoes of

can create a substantial security risk. At the same time, it is imperative that you maintain communications with your family and preparedness group members in such a way that key information is understood by them but not by outsiders that might be eavesdropping. Electronic communications, such as two-way radio, are always subject to interception by anyone with the appropriate receiver.

gunfire on a sunny Saturday afternoon might mean one of your neighbors is enjoying a day at their backyard shooting range —or someone in your neighborhood just had a brush with death ... or worse. Sounds, along with sights and smells, are indications of activity, and they can tell others where you are, as well as what you are doing. Normally, you might not give much thought to the incidental effects of your routine activities, but you should realize that you might unintentionally be advertising far and wide. These messages can be received by anyone within range and, if intercepted by the wrong people,

By developing and practicing disciplined protocols during normal times, you can be better prepared to face challenging times that require operational security (OPSEC) and communications security (COMSEC) to reduce the chances of accidently providing intelligence to nefarious parties. 1.0 OPSEC This is a process that identifies critical information to determine if your actions can be observed by adversaries and could be interpreted by them to be useful intelligence. In simple terms: OPSEC means protecting your information and activities

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SOUNDS, ALONG WITH SIGHTS AND SMELLS, ARE INDICATIONS OF ACTIVITY, AND THEY CAN TELL OTHERS WHERE YOU ARE, AS WELL AS WHAT YOU ARE DOING.

iRight and below: Common types of lawn and garden equipment have unique, but familiar, sounds, making it easy to determine what activity is taking place and where, even without seeing the machine.

from your adversaries. 1.1 Self-Awareness As you go about your daily activities, consider what you might be telling others about yourself. Operational security often involves changing your day-to-day habits. But, by being aware

1.1.2 Purchases and Deliveries

of just how much and what kind of information

Keep evidence of your large purchases and package deliveries to a minimum. Whether you are

you are giving others, you can take control of what they can ascertain by observation. 1.1.1 Routines Try to avoid getting into routines. It isn’t difficult for someone to figure out your schedule if you do the same thing at the same time each day.

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grocery shopping or picking out a new big-screen television, you might be providing insights into your financial status. Frequent deliveries to your home can also lead to the belief that there are many things of value within. The box that big-screen TV came in should be broken down and placed inside a garbage bag before being set out on the curb for trash pickup. 1.1.3 Discretion Be discreet when you’re transporting gear between your home and vehicles. Walking out

iNear right: The delicious aroma of a backyard cookout can travel a long distance on the breeze and might ring the dinner bell for hungry people downwind.

to your vehicle with a few rifle cases alerts your neighbors—or anyone else watching— that you have weapons in your home; and while it’s none of their business, you never know whom they might tell about your “arsenal.” (Golf bags and guitar cases receive much less scrutiny.) 1.1.4 Property An open garage or shed door is an invitation for a sneak-and-peek. Fence gates left open can allow access to the rear of the home and any items of value. Good stuff

what is going into that big hole. Sometimes, the best way to conceal things is to show them out in the open.

outside usually means there’s even better

1.2.2 Practice in Private

stuff inside the home.

Mock battle drills and hand-to-hand sparring in the backyard might lead to phone calls to the

1.2 Abnormal Activities Unusual projects or behavior around your home can draw attention and get the rumor mill going. 1.2.1 Construction Projects The storm shelter business is booming as more and more people are investing in protection from tornadoes. To the casual observer, these underground vaults look like bunkers. Let your neighbors know exactly

police. Go somewhere secure to train. 1.3 Know Your Neighborhood

hAbove: Gunshots in cities or urban areas are typically linked to criminal activity—indicating that caution and extreme care are in order.

Watch the local news on a regular basis and get connected to your local "grapevine." Pay attention to the crime reports, coming events and weather forecasts. 1.3.1 Listen Live Buy a scanner capable of receiving public safety (police, fire, EMS) frequencies and listen as often as you can. You’ll likely be amazed at just how much criminal activity is really taking place in your area (and most of it never makes the evening news). 1.3.2 Watch the Streets Keep an eye on the foot and vehicle traffic on your block. It isn’t hard to spot someone who is h Far left: Stacks

of boxes on the front porch or an overflowing mailbox are invitations for thieves. Consider having deliveries made to a neighbor or your place of employment if possible. Delay mail service if you’ll be away for an extended period.

hNear left: Open garage and shed doors allow people to take a quick look at what you have; and they might even execute snatch-and-grab thefts.

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up to no good or is casing your house. Be vigilant, and you’ll reduce the chance for ugly surprises. 1.4 Compromising Conversations 1.4.1 Trust Issues Your neighbor might be a friend, and you might trust them not to take advantage of your resources. Nevertheless, be mindful and careful of the topics you discuss with them. Do you trust the people they might tell,

iRight: Projects that include heavy equipment will always be noticed. Depending on your neighbors’ level of curiosity and sophistication, a plausible cover story might be enough to get them to ignore the installation of a storm or other shelter in your backyard.

either voluntarily or under coercion? 1.4.2 Cover Story Honesty is usually the best policy, but sometimes, people simply don’t need to know the details of your situation. Have a plausible explanation ready in advance. 2.0 COMSEC COMSEC is a disciplined approach to

intercepted and recorded. Never say or send anything that you don’t want someone outside your group to hear or read.

prevent the unauthorized interception of telecommunications in an intelligible form while permitting the intended recipient to

Brevity codes are used in amateur radio, as well as maritime, aviation and military communications, to convey complex messages. They use simple words or phrases that only the intended

fully understand the message. 2.1 Loose Lips

recipient will understand. 2.2.2.1 While there are some standardized lists of brevity codes used by police, military and

Discussions of group topics must stay within the group. While you might feel it’s okay to share some of your plans, feelings or frustrations with others, you should remember that there is no upside to these conversations. 2.1.1 Meetings Few prepper groups have scheduled meetings, but if there is a pressing matter that needs to be addressed, call a meeting of all available or necessary members. Absolutely no outsiders should be permitted, and no discussions should take place if nonmembers are present. 2.1.2 Unsecured Lines Avoid talking about sensitive subjects over the telephone (land line or cellular) or via e-mail or text messaging. “Meatspace” (face to face, as opposed to cyberspace) is the only appropriate venue for some topics. If you’re not sure if the topic should be shared, don’t share it. 2.1.3 Open Windows Exactly as it sounds, an open window can allow eavesdropping to occur unnoticed. The same applies to doors, walls, ceilings and floors. 2.2 Electronic Comms Electronic communications are a necessity when conversing parties cannot be in close enough proximity to allow face-to-face conversations. 2.2.1 Compromised Never think of any form of electronic communication as secure. Radio, telephone, e-mail and text messaging can all be

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2.2.2 Brevity Codes

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iBelow: Most of us follow a set daily schedule—at least on weekdays—such as leaving for, and returning from, work at about the same time each day. It isn't hard for even an amateur observer to figure out our routine.

others, you should make up codes for your own group. 2.2.2.2 Code words or phrases should be simple and distinct to minimize confusion. For example, if the brevity code for the command/reply for “proceed/proceeding on foot” is “cut/ cutting out,” a phrase that sounds very similar, such as “shut/shutting out,” should not be used for a different command or reply. 2.2.3 Challenge-Response It might be necessary to make sure you are talking to an actual group member or ascertaining their condition. Authentication through “challenge-response” (C-R) is an effective way

to do that. 2.2.3.1 As an example, you, as the challenger, would say to the other individual, “Authenticate, Charlie Romeo.” The correct response from the other party if all is okay would be, “I authenticate, Sierra Bravo.” If they were under duress, their response would be, “I authenticate, Charlie Mike.”

digital communications must be digital encode-/decode-capable; and, in some cases, they must be from the same manufacturer. 2.2.4.3 Although not as secure as

At that point, you know they are in trouble and should proceed accordingly. If their response is completely wrong or you receive no response at all, you know they are not one of yours. 2.2.3.2 For enhanced security purposes, a C-R can work both ways: Following the initial C-R, the challenged and authenticated party initiates a challenge to you, forcing you to authenticate. 2.2.3.3 C-R is used extensively in military communications. C-R lists are normally printed on paper, have limited distribution and change frequently (sometimes daily). 2.2.4 Be Unintelligible Military forces commonly use voice encryption over two-way radio to prevent unauthorized listeners from intercepting communications, but encryption is hard to come by for civilian use. What we do have available is digital encoding, primarily in the form of amateur radio. 2.2.4.1 Although not encrypted, digital signals used in amateur two-way radio can only be decoded back to intelligible voice by hardware (in the case of VHF or UHF signals) or software (for HF radio). 2.2.4.2 Without decoding, the signals are completely obscure; the radios used for VHF/UHF

encrypted communications, digitally encoded transmissions require that the appropriate hardware is used to decode received signals— something adversaries are not likely to have on hand at the right moment. 2.3 External Communications Communicating with others outside your group might be necessary. Circumstances could require communications with an allied group, first responders, rescue personnel or law enforcement officials. 2.3.1 Commonality There is very little standardization among different radio services (i.e., amateur radio,

h Listening to police radio traffic over a scanner tells a very different story about your area than what you learn on the evening news.

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hNear left: This is a Swiss military PRC77 VHF transceiver with voice encryption. It’s not current state-of-the-art, but it works! (Photo: Bunkerfunker, Wikipedia) hBelow: Military radiotelephone communications are almost always encrypted ... for obvious reasons. (Photo: Sergeant Kiara Flowers, U.S. Army, S ub. et) DVIDSHub.net)

public safety, government), so it is unlikely that you will be able to talk directly by two-way radio. However, in most disasters, amateur radio operators will be embedded with some government and non-government organizations, such as local police departments or the Red Cross, as backup communications specialists. 2.3.2 Group to Group As long as the communications gear is compatible, two-way communication is achievable.

h Above: Electronic communications can compromise security. Protocols to reduce risk include brevity codes, challenge/ response authentication and not talking about sensitive subjects over the airwaves. (Photo: Leo Stull, DVIDSHub.net)

Ideally, this consideration is something that should be worked out in advance. 2.3.2.1 Operational security is a primary concern. Share only what information is necessary. 2.3.2.2 Procedures among groups will likely be different, so be flexible. 2.3.2.3 Follow your own policies, such as C-R, to ensure security.

ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS, SUCH AS TWO-WAY RADIO, ARE ALWAYS SUBJECT TO INTERCEPTION BY ANYONE WITH THE APPROPRIATE RECEIVER.

3.0 INTERACTIONS IN THE FIELD Any time you or your group takes to the field, there is the likelihood of encountering individuals, families or other groups. How you interact with them depends on the circumstances. 3.1 During Training Exercises Assuming you are on your own property or a property you are legally allowed to be on—and are not engaged in illegitimate activities—if you meet someone who is not in your group, be courteous and do nothing that might make them feel threatened. Explain to them that they should not be there, and escort them away as necessary. 3.1.1 SHTF Every scenario will be different, but first, you must ascertain whether the other party is a threat. 3.1.1.1 Approach, if warranted, with caution, making sure you do not appear as a threat to them. Maintain a safe distance, but get close enough to converse. 3.1.1.2 Body language is the main avenue of communication in a situation such as this, and its non-verbal cues will help you discern

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i Right: Long-range communications equipment is portable and dependable and should be installed in your vehicles.

the actual message being conveyed. This is a two-way street, and you are being scrutinized by them just as much as they are by you. 3.1.1.3 If they are in need, do for them what you can. 3.1.1.4 Try to glean as much information from them as possible. 4.0 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Some of the concepts laid out here might be foreign to you, but none of it is difficult; and after you have thought it out, you’ll see that most of it is common sense. Practice is necessary to develop skills and should be part of every training exercise you and your group carry out. 4.1 Start Small Discuss these concepts with your group members and develop policies and procedures for OPSEC and COMSEC if you haven’t done so already. 4.2 Train Train as a group every chance you get. While most of a training exercise might focus on one skill, work as many others into your sessions as possible. For example, while working on rifle skills at the range, spread out a bit and communicate by two-way radio. 4.3 Practice Practice—and repeat some more. Operational security and communications

SOME OF THE CONCEPTS LAID OUT HERE MIGHT BE FOREIGN TO YOU, BUT NONE OF IT IS DIFFICULT; AND AFTER YOU HAVE THOUGHT IT OUT, YOU’LL SEE THAT MOST OF IT IS COMMON SENSE.

h Above: Whether you're on a morning hunt or walking your perimeter, it's essential for you to be able to keep in touch with others in your group.

security go hand in hand. It’s impossible to have one without the other. Whether it’s just you and your family or the brothers and sisters in your group, developing habits and skills that enhance your safety and well-being is paramount. It isn’t paranoia, it is security.

h Left: Many training exercises can be carried out in public areas without drawing attention. Simply being careful with your appearance, actions and directives and looking more like a "club" than an insurgency can reduce your chances of alarming those around you. This is also good practice for staying below the radar during an actual emergency. (Photo: Airman 1st Class Anthony Nin Leclerec U.S. Air Force, DVIDSHub.net)

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TIPS & GEAR

TALKING POINTS

GOOD TECH WILL KEEP YOU IN THE KNOW. BY JIM JEFFRIES

I

ncoming information is crucial to planning and decision-making, but you need to be able to disseminate what you know—or what others need to know—to be successful during emergencies. Of the many options available, higher-tech electronics provide the greatest

importantly, how will you keep in touch with those you must? 1.1 Fragile Infrastructure The one weak area shared by the survival/ preparedness community as a whole is the lack of effective two-way communications that do not rely on infrastructure or systems

range and access to resources.

beyond our control. With all but face-to-face communication facilitated by electronics and powered by electricity, it won’t take much to end the dependable sharing of information among groups and individuals.

1.0 BASIC COMMS ASSETS Common sources of information are broadcast radio and television, cable and satellite TV, and Internet sources. Add to these communications from other people within and outside of your family or group through telephone, text messaging and e-mail, not to mention simple, close-proximity verbal and nonverbal communications. During a disaster, most or all of these lines of communication might become unreliable or completely cut off. How will you get information—and, more

2.0 ENHANCED METHODS OF COMMUNICATION For every potential weak link in your comms plan that you can eliminate, you make your ability to stay in touch with your group and in tune with the situation at hand that much more reliable. In turn, this makes your overall chances for survival greater than they would be otherwise.

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iRight: Common broadcast radio might not be a dependable source of critical information if there is a very serious emergency at hand.

SEGAMI YTTEG ©

hBelow: FRS/GMRS two-way radios are good for short-range communications, but they can’t do the job when distances exceed a few miles.

FAR TOO MANY GROUPS MAKE A MINIMAL INVESTMENT IN COMMS GEAR, USUALLY IN THE FORM OF FRS/GMRS “BUBBLE PACK” RADIOS, AND CALL IT GOOD ... BUT THOSE ARE NOT REALWORLD SOLUTIONS FOR MOST ENVIRONMENTS. 2.1 Basic Two-Way Radios Far too many groups make a minimal investment in comms gear, usually in the form of FRS/ GMRS “bubble pack” radios, and call it good. They’re better than nothing, especially in flat areas with few obstructions, but those are not real-world solutions for most environments. While those radios might work for short-range chats around the homestead, they are not effective much beyond that. 2.2 Effective Radio Gear If you need serious communications for troubled times, you have only one real option: amateur radio—aka “ham.” 2.2.1 Getting Started Put any personal objections or concerns aside and get your ham radio license. Start here— www.ARRL.org/getting-licensed —and don’t stop until you have at least a general class license. You can study at home or online, but you have to take the test at a scheduled exam location. Ideally, every member of your group who plans on operating a radio needs their license, but even if only one of you does it, your group will be ahead of the curve. Once you have the general class license and a decent HF transceiver, you can get on the air with worldwide capabilities. 2.2.2 Compound Your Investment Even the best tools and technology will do you no good if you don’t take the time to train with them. Familiarization with the equipment and protocols is not enough. Expecting to figure out how something works when you need it most is a sure way to fail. Nothing can replace actual hands-on training, followed up with frequent practice, to master a skill when a worst-case scenario becomes reality. Finding good training in the civilian world can be tough, unless your “Google foo” is strong. There are excellent survival and preparedness training courses available to anyone with the desire to learn, and many of them are quite affordable. However, in some cases, you might have

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The American Redoubt Radio Operators Network (AmRRON) Overview AmRRON is a nationwide emergency communications network for preppers and patriots. Many ham radio operators are preppers, and you can hear some of them participating on scheduled national, regional and local nets that allow individuals and groups to connect with one another over the air. This provides a great opportunity to develop and practice skills in HF voice and digital communications modes. AmRRON was created as a communications network to keep communities and states within the American Redoubt connected in the event of a major disaster or socio-economic collapse. AmRRON has grown to nearly 4,000 radio operators, with members in every state, as well as Puerto Rico and Canada.

Specifications • Founded in 2011 • Membership is anonymous • Frequency bands covered include HF (shortwave), 2 meter, 70 centimeter, CB, FRS/GMRS and MURS • AmRRON Corps membership is available but not required to participate

MSRP: Free, but a minimum $5 donation is requested URL: www.AmRRON.com hCitizens band (CB) radios are often used for mobile communications. They can perform well on flat terrain but might not be suitable for use in hilly or wooded areas.

to travel to their physical site. 3.0 TRAINING IS CRITICAL There are numerous ways for you to go from “newbie” to accomplished radio operator; all you have to do is look. The community is generally very welcoming, and current users are happy to share opinions on everything from equipment to training and operating methods. 3.1 Learning Resources One excellent training resource is https://Brushbeater.Wordpress.com. The Brushbeater blog is edited by a former U.S. Army infantry scout who goes by the nom de guerre NCscout. Not

hFar and near left: Military RTOs are trained to make improvised field antennas out of whatever they can scrounge. NCscout offers this same training to individuals or groups. (Photo: Spc. Emily Houdershieldt, U.S. Army/DVIDSHub. net)

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iRight: The investment in gear and training for effective comms is really no different than most other aspects of your preparedness efforts. The payback, however, can be much greater than many of your other investments.

only can you find excellent reference material on this blog, you’ll also find a schedule of communications classes. NCscout trains amateur radio operators to operate their gear to their fullest capabilities in austere environments. Basic and advanced radiotelephone operator (RTO) classes are available, as well as classes in intelligence-gathering, signals intelligence and more. As stated above, hands-on training can’t be beat, but if you’re not quite ready to commit or are waiting for the next class, several YouTube channels provide a lot of information regarding emergency communications. A couple of outstanding channels are GUERRILLACOMM (www.YouTube.com/GUERRILLACOMM) and Commsprepper (www.YouTube.

iBelow: Broadcasting from the top of a mountain with basic equipment can give you better range than when you’re in a valley or city—but that’s a rare occurrence you can’t always take advantage of.

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com/Commsprepper). After getting involved and growing your contact base, don’t hesitate to ask around for advice on new sources for information, training and gear. As with any other endeavor, you can save a lot of time and money by leveraging the knowledge and experience of those who have more familiarity with the subject than you do.

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THERE ARE EXCELLENT SURVIVAL AND PREPAREDNESS TRAINING COURSES AVAILABLE TO ANYONE WITH THE DESIRE TO LEARN, AND MANY OF THEM ARE QUITE AFFORDABLE.

GEAR GUIDE Yaesu FTM-7250DR System Fusion Digital Amateur Radio Overview

Specifications

System Fusion is Yaesu's implementation of digital amateur radio, utilizing C4FM 4-level FSK technology to transmit digital voice and data over the amateur radio bands. Signals are not encrypted, but they cannot be decoded by standard analog FM receivers or digital modes of other manufacturers’ radios. The Yaesu FTM7250DR mobile is compatible with the Yaesu FT-2DR handheld transceiver and is capable of normal analog FM operation so it can be used to communicate with any other radio tuned to the same frequency.

• C4FM/FM 144/430 MHz dual band digital mobile • Selectable power output to 50 watts (13.8 volts DC input) • Selectable modes of operation: Digital; analog • Wideband receive for 108– 579.995 MHz and aviation band: 108–137 MHz

MSRP $299.99

URL www.Yaesu.com

ARRL Ham License Manual Overview

Specifications

The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) Ham Radio License Manual (4th Edition) is an excellent way to learn the materials that will be on the exam and will prove to be a valuable reference guide as you start using your radio. Keep it on hand, and make it available to other members of your group so they can study for their exam too. Use this book with ARRL’s “Online Exam Review for Ham Radio” to review the study material chapter by chapter. Take randomly generated practice exams using questions from the actual examination pool. That way, you won’t have any surprises on exam day.

• Easy-to-understand, “bitesized” sections • Includes questions and answers for tests from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2022 • Designed for self-study and classroom use • Intended for all newcomers, instructors and school teachers

MSRP Starting at $29.95

URL www.ARRL.org

Icom Digital ID-5100A D-STAR Amateur Radio Overview

Specifications

Icom's Digital protocol is called D-STAR (short for Digital Smart Technology Amateur Radio). D-STAR is an open standard protocol and is used by other manufacturers, allowing more compatibility among brands. The Icom D-STAR ID-5100A mobile and ID-51A Plus Handheld Dual Band transceivers work together in digital (DV) mode and can communicate with any analog FM radio when FM mode is selected. The built-in GPS receiver makes it possible to search for the nearest repeater (analog FM or D-STAR DV) listed in the updateable internal memory, based on the current GPS position.

• Icom ID-5100A Specs: • Dual band 144/430 MHz transmit • Touch screen display • Extended receive frequency: 118–174, 375–550 MHz • Selectable output power to 50 watts (13.8-volt DC input)

MSRP $339.99

URL www.IcomAmerica.com

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GEAR GUIDE Yaesu FT-2DR System Fusion Digital Amateur Radio Overview

Specifications

System Fusion is Yaesu's implementation of digital amateur radio, utilizing C4FM 4-level FSK technology to transmit digital voice and data over the amateur radio bands. Although the signals are not encrypted, it cannot be decoded by standard analog FM receivers or digital modes of other manufacturers’ radios, providing a level of obscurity to radio communications. The FT-2DR handheld transceiver is dual-band C4FM-capable and works well with the FTM-7250DR radio. It is capable of normal analog FM operation as well, so it can be used to communicate with any other radio tuned to the same frequency.

• C4FM/FM 144/430 MHz dual-band digital mobile • Large, 1.7x1.7-inch touch-panel display • Built-in high-sensitivity 66-channel GPS with antenna • Wideband receive capability: 0.5–999 MHz (A band), 180–580 MHz (B band)

MSRP $419.99

URL www.Yaesu.com

BAOFENG BF-F8HP Extra Dual Band Radios Overview

Specifications

Inexpensive radios make it easier to have extra equipment on hand when the need arises. They are also known for their ability to operate on frequencies outside the band they might be intended for. So, although sold as amateur radio transceivers, they might be capable of transmitting on the FRS, GMRS, MURS and other bands. (NOTE: The FCC might enact rules to ban the importation and sale of radios that are capable of operating outside the band for which they are approved. That means that the days of accessibility to radios like these might be numbered.) This unit offers up to 8 watts of output power, a durable shell, 30 percent higher battery capacity and an efficient antenna.

• Frequency range: 65–108 MHz (FM receive only), 136–174 MHz and 400– 520 MHz (TX/RX) • Battery: 7.4-volt 2,000 mAh lithium ion • Selectable power output up to 8 watts

MSRP $62.89

URL www.BaoFengTech.com

Icom Digital ID-51APLUS D-STAR Handheld Amateur Radio

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Overview

Specifications

Icom's Digital protocol—Digital Smart Technology Amateur Radio (D-STAR)—is an open standard protocol and is used by Kenwood and other manufacturers, allowing for more compatibility among brands. The ID-51A Plus works with the Icom D-STAR ID-5100A mobile transceiver in digital (DV) mode and can communicate with any analog FM radio when FM mode is selected. The built-in GPS receiver allows you to find the nearest repeater (analog FM or D-STAR DV) listed in the updateable internal memory, based on the current GPS position.

• Dual band 144/430 MHz transmit • Water-resistance rating: IPX7 • Receive frequencies: A band: 136–174 MHz, 380–479MHz; B band: 108–174 MHz, 380–479 MHz • Records incoming/outgoing calls

MSRP $339.99

URL www.IcomAmerica.com

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W

inter has come and gone, and your little survival group has survived the harsh cold. With the promise of warmer temperatures in spring and summer, life is

rarely considered “survival” medical items, but the problems they prevent can give even the

good ... or is it?

best medic some major headaches.

Warm weather brings its own hazards to your health—and I mean more than extended seasons of tornadoes, wildfires and hurricanes. In addition to

Whether it’s patrolling a perimeter or heading to hunting grounds, special emphasis should

injuries and illnesses, you’ll have to successfully confront a number of health, hygiene and sanitation issues, all of which can put your group in serious jeopardy.

be placed on the importance of well-fitted shoes. Let’s see how.

1.0 THE CHALLENGE

If your shoes fit poorly, blisters will form. Painful blisters lead you to favor your tender foot.

It’s just common sense that the healthier you are when things go south, the more likely you’ll be able to survive the challenges ahead. This means eating healthily, exercising regularly and using

Off-balance, you might trip on uneven terrain or slip crossing a creek swollen with spring snow-

today’s technology to correct weaknesses that could spell your doom in tough times. This might

melt or summer rain. The end result could be a

include having that loose cartilage in your knee dealt with or having a LASIK procedure to get rid of those thick eyeglasses. Face it: If you’ve got a bum leg or can’t see the broad side of a barn, you

sprained ankle (or worse). Now, you’re immobile at a time when you need to move quickly.

won’t last very long in a serious survival situation. One factor you thought wasn’t going to be a health risk when things get warm is, well, the

Imagine all sorts of survival-related activities to which you’re not accustomed. For example,

weather. True, hypothermia might not be a daily hazard, but rain, wind and altitude can make temperatures vary widely, especially in the spring. You have to worry about exposure to all sorts

when was the last time you chopped wood for fuel? Personal protection items such as

of conditions. The wise prepper will always make sure to have rain gear and a change of clothes in their backpack. The key to avoiding problems with exposure to cold or overheating is to be able to add or shed layers as needed. 1.1 An Ounce of Prevention: Personal Protective Gear An ounce of protection is worth a pound (no, a ton!) of cure. Preparedness advocates might have large stockpiles of food and other materials. That’s fine for short-term detours off the grid, but a long-term disaster could cause even plentiful supplies to run out. In the long run, staying in place might not be an option. Traveling great distances to reach resources might be required. Native Americans used seasonal relocation to great advantage in olden times. The average prepper, however, hasn’t spent a lifetime barefoot or in moccasins. Foot, hand and even eye protection are

good boots, work gloves and even goggles will prevent amateur lumberjacks and others from incurring injuries. Indeed, they could make the difference between life and death.

h Above: Dress lightly in warm weather, but carry more layers in your pack in case your clothes

get wet or the weather changes unexpectedly.

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2.0 SANITATION ISSUES Your obstacles to staying healthy in survival settings are substantial, even in warm weather. You can’t depend on water to be free of disease-causing organisms. You can’t assume food will be properly prepared. Those who don’t take water sterilization and food preparation practices seriously are liable to have infectious disease run rampant among the entire group. Add in a lack of attention to waste disposal, and you can expect outbreaks of infectious disease. 2.1 Can You Drink the Water? Contaminated water will be the cause of many otherwise avoidable deaths in survival scenarios. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) considers boiling the most effective way of making water safe to drink. It recommends allowing cloudy water to settle or filtering it through a cloth, paper towel or coffee filter until it’s clear. Of course, commercial filters, such as those from Sawyer, Berkey, LifeStraw and others, are even better. Once filtered, bring clear water to a rolling boil for one minute. At elevations above 6,500 feet, boil it for three minutes. Why? The boiling

HEALTH IS WEALTH

THE BEST COMMODITY TO HAVE IN AN EMERGENCY IS GOOD HEALTH.

© GETTY IMAGES

BY JOE ALTON, M.D.

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point of water decreases the higher you go, so

When this happened in the city of Auckland, New Zealand, for five weeks in 1999, inhabitants took to

the time needed to cook food and kill germs

going in tubs, showers, sinks and closets. In short order, the area was uninhabitable.

increases. At sea level, water boils at 212 degrees (F). At 7,500 feet, water boils at about

2.3.1 There are safer ways to dispose of waste. If you’re bugging-in, you can pour a gallon or 2 of water, if it’s plentiful, into the toilet tank or the bowl, itself, to activate the flush mechanism. If water

198 degrees (F). Foods that are prepared by boiling or simmering at high altitudes will

isn’t available, you can line an (empty) toilet bowl with plastic garbage bags, do your business, and cover it with sawdust, kitty litter or dirt. Some people add a dilute chlorine bleach solution. Empty

be exposed to lower temperatures and take longer to cook.

the bag once it’s half full or so. Alternatively, putting a garbage bag in a 5-gallon bucket will serve the same purpose.

2.1.1 Boiled water has a tendency to taste “flat.” To improve this, pour the water from one

2.3.2 On the road, simply use a trowel to dig a hole 8 inches or so deep—at least 200 feet away from the local water source. Use it, cover it up again, and be on your way.

container to another a few times and allow it to stand for a few hours. Alternatively, you could add a pinch of salt to each liter or so.

hole a foot or so wide, a foot or so deep and as long as needed. Use two boards over the trench to stand/squat on and have a shovel handy and a pile of dirt to cover the excrement. More boards and

2.1.2 Disinfectants such as household bleach and iodine might also be effective in making

a “privacy” partition might be wise if a large group is using the latrine.

clear water safe to drink. For disinfecting with plain, unscented household bleach (6 percent

3.0 WARM-WEATHER BUGS Warmer weather brings out the bugs. Some, such as bees, wasps and spiders, are dangerous

sodium hypochlorite), add eight to 12 drops to a gallon of water. For disinfecting with

because of the effects of venomous stings or toxic bites, especially for those with allergies to them. Others, such as mosquitoes and ticks, carry any of a number of sometimes-deadly diseases. In spring

2 percent tincture of iodine, 10 to 12 drops

and summer, they’re everywhere. 3.1 Avoidance To prevent bug bites, minimize exposed skin by wearing long pants, long-sleeved shirts, boots,

disperse the additive and let the water stand for at least 30 minutes.

socks and hats. Tuck in your shirt and stuff pant bottoms into socks. Avoid wearing sandals. For mosquitoes, ticks and some biting flies, DEET-based insect repellent works well on the skin.

2.1.3 Ultraviolet radiation from the sun will also help disinfect water. Use a clear, 2-liter plastic

With DEET, stronger concentrations give longer-lasting protection until you reach 50 percent or more. Bees, wasps and other stinging insects are usually discouraged more by spraying Permethrin-based

bottle made of food-grade PET (polyethylene terephthalate)—identifiable by the recycle number, “1,” on the bottle. Filter the water so that it is as clear as possible and expose it for at least six hours to direct sunlight. 2.2 Don't eat bats cooked "extra-rare" Bad water can contaminate food, but not cooking edible items thoroughly can easily cause a disease outbreak. It’s thought that the uneven cooking of Ebola-infected bush meat over 55-gallon steel drums led to the 2014 epidemic in West Africa. 2.2.1 Here are the temperatures (degrees [F]) that various items should reach for safety purposes: • Whole turkey or chicken: 165 • Fresh pork or beef: 145 (let it “rest” for three

products on clothing (not on skin). Clothing pretreated with Permethrin is available commercially and might last through several launderings. Often, mosquitoes are most active at dusk and dawn, but there are many exceptions to the rule. Therefore, reapply repellents throughout the day and use bed nets at night. If you’re using both sunscreen and repellent, apply the sunscreen first. A little vigilance goes a long way when it comes to bugs. Constantly check yourself and others for bites and stings, especially when they come in after a day outdoors. Tick bites carrying the bacteria that causes Lyme disease might often remind you of a bull's-eye that spreads out over time. If you can remove the tick within 48 hours, it’s less likely to transmit the infection.

PREPPER FIELD MANUAL [SPRING 2019]

iWater might be readily available ... but is it safe to drink? Assume that it’s not and be prepared to make it safe.

© GETTY IMAGES

per gallon will suffice. After using either one of these methods, shake the container to

minutes before eating) • Ground beef or pork: 160 • Ground turkey or chicken: 165 • Sausage: 165 • Fish: 145 2.2.2 Fruits and vegetables should be washed, including those with peels, but avoid washing meats. The splatter of juices can contaminate nearby food and work surfaces. 2.3 Human Waste Poorly planned waste disposal might lead to contamination of an otherwise clean water source. If you’re off the grid, don’t expect water pressure; and, without it, toilets won’t refill.

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2.3.3 If you’re establishing a long-term camp, a latrine might make a lot of sense. Dig a rectangular

4.0 ANIMAL ENCOUNTERS You might be bothered by “no-see-ums” in warmer weather, but there are lots of things that can cause you harm that are plenty “see-ums.” These include snakes, which are dormant in the cold but out and about once it warms up. Watch where you step in sunny areas, and don’t reach into wood piles or anywhere you can’t see. 4.1 Snakes In the case of a snakebite, keep calm. You won’t have anti-venin in survival settings, so move as little as possible in order to slow the rapid spread of venom through your circulation. Loosen clothing and jewelry that could constrict the injured area, which might swell. Position the bite below the level of the heart and cover it with a clean dressing. Some suggest wrapping the area with an elastic Even worse is using a tourniquet on the area or cutting into the wound to “suck out the venom.” Studies show that snakebite kits are of limited use in eliminating venom from the body.

© GETTY IMAGES

bandage, but excessive tightness isn’t helpful.

h Above: Snakes

© GETTY IMAGES

are most active in warmer weather. You should always be on the lookout for them, whether for reasons of safety or food procurement.

h Poorly cooked

bush meat can harbor disease-causing organisms.

4.2 Bears Large animals, such as bears, are also active in the spring and summer. Watch for disturbed trash, tracks and droppings. In areas where bears are active, stay in groups for safety. Over 90 percent of all bear attacks are on those traveling solo or with one partner. Avoid hiking at dawn, dusk or nighttime. You might think it’s not too smart to yell, “Hey, bear!” or sing The Star-Spangled Banner on the trail, but actually, bears don’t like noise, and it’s a reasonable strategy—especially when traveling near babbling brooks or other settings where normal hiking noises might be muffled. When you encounter a bear, it will, hopefully, be at a distance. If so, and the bear doesn’t see you, keep out of sight and go slowly behind and downwind of the bear. If the bear does see you, slowly retreat (still facing it) the way you came. A bear in defensive mode will huff, hiss or slap the ground with its paws—telling you that you’re too close. Slowly put some distance between you and the bear. Don’t run, however, because it might activate a chase response in the animal. A bear in predatory mode will follow you quietly, ears erect, with its attention directed at you. Deterrents such as pepper spray will come in handy.

h Proper foot, hand

and eye protection will prevent many injuries.

5.0 WARM-WEATHER INJURIES 5.1 Heat Stroke Heat-related illness runs the spectrum from

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iFailing to pay attention to proper disposal of human waste will lead to outbreaks of infection.

simple muscle cramps to shock. If mild to moderate, the condition is referred to as “heat exhaustion”; if severe, “heat stroke.” Heat exhaustion usually does not result in long-term damage, but heat stroke can permanently disable or even kill its victim. The effects of very high core body temperatures constitute a medical emergency that must be diagnosed and treated promptly. 5.1.1 Those suffering from exposure to the heat show various symptoms, including— • Confusion • Rapid pulse • Flushing • Profuse sweating © GETTY IMAGES

• Nausea and vomiting • Headache 5.1.2 Core body temperatures are elevated up to 105 degrees (F) in heat exhaustion; higher in heat stroke. Heat stroke differs from heat exhaustion in that sweating might be absent. This is a

In warmer weather, people are outdoors more and are prone to injuries. These can be orthopedic in nature, such as ankle sprains or back strains. In rare circumstances (I hope), accidents or

the core reaches a temperature of about 106 degrees (F), thermoregulation breaks down,

hostile encounters might lead to bleeding wounds. 5.2.1 Orthopedic injuries are not unusual among people who exert themselves in the outdoors.

and the body’s ability to use sweating as a natural temperature regulator fails. The patient often loses consciousness, and their life is in real danger. To treat heat stroke, rapid cooling is the key. You must— • Remove the victim from the heat source (for example, out of the sun); • Remove their clothing; • Drench the victim with cool water or apply ice packs to their neck, armpits and groin; • Elevate their legs 12 inches above the level of their heart (the shock position); • Fan or otherwise ventilate the victim to help with heat evaporation; and

For sprains, remember the acronym, RICE: • REST: It is important to avoid further injury by not testing the injured joint. • ICE: Cold therapy decreases both swelling and pain. The earlier it is applied, the better effect it will have in speeding up the healing process. • COMPRESSION: A compression bandage is useful to decrease swelling and should be placed after each cold therapy. This will also help provide support, but care must be taken not to cause excessive pressure on the circulation. If the bandage is too tight, fingers or toes will appear white or even blue. • ELEVATION: Elevating the sprain above the level of the heart will help prevent swelling at the site of the injury. Strains to muscles can be treated with ice packs in the first 24 hours, followed by heat packs later in the recovery process. Fractures are much more complex to deal with. Ibuprofen might help with pain. In truly austere settings, the green underbark of willow trees is thought to contain salicin—a natural pain reliever from which the first aspirin was made. 5.2.2. Bleeding wounds in extreme cases of injury could be significant. If a major artery is damaged,

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© GETTY IMAGES

significant change, because the body uses sweating as a mechanism to cool itself. Once

© GETTY IMAGES

hBelow: Warm weather brings out mosquitoes ... and the diseases they carry.

• Avoid giving the victim oral fluids until they are fully awake and alert. 5.2 Trail Mishaps

h Left: Insect repellent

will help prevent bites from disease-carrying insects.

there might be only three to five minutes before the victim is beyond help. This is no truer than in survival settings. Rapid action with the right equipment will save lives. Sometimes, direct pressure—with gloved hands—and a barrier bandage or cloth will be enough to stop the bleeding. In arterial hemorrhage, however, it’s more prudent to go directly to the application of a tourniquet such as the CAT (Combat Application Tourniquet) or SOFT-T (Special Operations Forces Tactical Tourniquet). There are many others that are effective, but these two are the ones recommended by the Tactical Combat Casualty Care Committee for extremity bleeds. Special hemostatic gauze dressings such as QuikClot, Celox or ChitoSAM are useful adjuncts to stop heavy bleeding with three minutes of applying firm pressure. To pack a wound effectively, use the following steps: • If bleeding is moderate, quickly and aggressively apply direct pressure with a gloved hand, clean dressing or cloth, or even the knee while breaking out your supplies. • If bleeding is heavy or clearly arterial in nature, apply a tourniquet as a first course of action. • Before packing the wound, identify the exact source of bleeding, if possible. • Tightly—and I mean tightly—pack the wound cavity as deeply as you can while continuing to apply pressure on the bleeding vessel. Pack directly onto the vessel itself. Although I prefer hemostatic gauze, sufficient pressure with plain gauze might be enough. • Maintain pressure on the packed wound for at least three minutes (hemostatic gauze) or longer, as needed. • Place a tight pressure dressing (an Israeli Battle Dressing or similar) over the whole thing.

below at right. 5.3 Dental Problems For long-term survival scenarios, don’t forget that people will experience dental issues as well, and you should consider storing dental supplies or carrying a dental kit.

© GETTY IMAGES

• Splint the wound to immobilize it and help prevent re-bleeds during transport. A number of medical kits have the items you need to stop even heavy bleeding. One is pictured

h Above: Most bear

attacks occur from July to September, but there are many ways to keep from becoming a statistic.

h Far left: Having

elastic wraps and ice packs in your kit will help deal with sprains and other injuries. h Near left, top:

Consider carrying an individual medical kit for knife and gunshot wounds. This is the Gunshot Kit from Doom and Bloom (the knife and handgun are not included). h Near left, bottom:

To prevent heat emergencies, stay hydrated and avoid strenuous midday activities in hot weather.

© GETTY IMAGES

© GETTY IMAGES

S O U R C E Doom and Bloom https://store.DoomandBloom.net

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WELLNESS WISDOM TIPS AND TOOLS FOR KEEPING HEALTHY BY JOE ALTON, M.D.

G

ive me a scalpel, and I can make an incision to find your ruptured appendix. Give me a screwdriver instead, and we’re both, well, screwed. The wise survival medic accumulates knowledge to deal with trauma, infections and chronic illness. All that knowhow is wasted, however, if you don't have the right tools in the medical woodshed. If you’re the end of the line when it comes to the well-

• Protect your feet by wearing nylon or moisture-wicking socks. If wearing one pair of socks doesn’t help, try wearing two pairs or a sock liner for more protection. • For areas other than your feet, wear loose-fitting clothes that wick moisture away from your skin. Avoid cotton fabrics, which absorb and retain sweat and moisture that lead to friction and chafing. 1.2 Treatment 1.2.1 Soft bandages, such as adhesive moleskin, might work for dealing with problem areas. • Cut it into donut-shaped discs with open centers and place them around red “hot spots.” • Gold Bond powder or petroleum jelly are alternatives that might also help reduce friction. Loosely cover it all with a bandage. 1.2.2 Should you pop a blister? The American Academy of Dermatology recommends against it

being of your people, consider some of the advice and gear you’ll see here.

due to the risk of infection. If it’s large or painful, however, disinfect a small needle with rubbing alcohol and pierce the blister at the edge to let the fluid drain without removing the protective “roof.” Afterward, wash the area with soap and water and apply petroleum jelly. Keep the area clean and covered. 1.2.3 The best advice for painful blisters is often the simplest: Stop the activity that caused it in the first place. “Toughing it out” will only make it worse, even if there are “only” another 6 miles to go.

1.0 BATTLING BLISTERS Blisters form as a result of repeated friction and pressure. They can range from minor to severe, depending on a number of personal and environmental factors. What might seem like an inconvenience can develop into a serious issue, unless you evaluate and treat each one according to its needs. 1.1 Prevention To prevent blisters, take some tips from the American Academy of Dermatology:

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2.0 TAKING CHANCES WITH WATER You’re heading to your retreat in the backcountry, and the trek is long and thirsty. You thought you packed enough water for everyone, but you came up short. There is a water source nearby, but there is a problem: You forgot your water filter. 2.1 Drinking Raw Water Can you get away without disinfecting the local water before drinking it? The answer is “no,” but some experienced hikers take their chances. They consider the following factors:

TIPS & GEAR • Distance from the source: The closer it is, the less likely there will be contaminants.

than you can spare.

• The size of the water source: The larger the

4.0 DEALING WITH TICKS

body of water, the lower the concentration of disease-causing organisms.

Ticks can transmit diseases such as Lyme, babesiosis and others with their bites. These little arachnids are expanding their territory every year. Human settlements that encroach on forest

• Altitude: Water at very high elevations is thought to be less prone to contamination

lands expose more and more people to them. You’ve done everything possible to prevent bites, but others in your group weren’t as careful.

due to less of an impact from cities, industry and agriculture.

You find a tick sucking away on someone’s leg. All is not lost, however. Ticks take about 24 to 48 hours to transmit the organism that causes Lyme disease to their new host. Watch for typical early

• Flowing water versus stagnant water: Many consider running streams to be “cleaner” water

symptoms: fever, headache, fatigue and often, a skin rash called erythema migrans. It looks like a bull’s-eye that spreads out over time.

than, for example, ponds. Of course, that

To remove the offending bug, follow these steps:

depends on what’s upstream. • Is the water clear? Clear water is a plus; turbid

• Use fine-tipped tweezers to grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible. Your goal is to remove the tick in its entirety in one motion.

water, not so much. • Does it smell? If it smells bad to you, think

• Pull straight up steadily, without jerking or twisting. • Clean the bite area with alcohol, iodine, or soap and water.

twice before drinking it. Some diarrhea-resistant but, perhaps

5.0 SNAKES: VENOM VERSUS POISON

misguided, individuals might take their chances with suspect water, but the prudent traveler will always purify water before drinking it in any austere setting. So, don’t forget your Sawyer MINI, LifeStraw or other filter! 3.0 CARE FOR CORPSES Disposing of human waste is a chore, but how do you dispose of humans who have expired? In a major disaster, there will be casualties, perhaps many, who must be buried or cremated. Handling the dead is not without its risks, though. In fact, during the 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa, it was a major factor in spreading the disease. 3.1 Precautions Gloves, masks, aprons and other protection gear should be used when on burial detail. 3.2 Disposal Dig graves 6 feet deep (more, if multiple bodies are involved). Place lime in the grave before the body goes in and also place a few inches on top. Then, refill the grave with soil. Bodies can also be burned—an option sometimes used in epidemic scenarios. The problem with cremation off the grid, however, is the amount of fuel needed to fully “vaporize” the body. It has been estimated that burning a body completely to ashes in a fire pit would require somewhere between 22 and 29 gallons of gasoline. That might be 22 to 29 gallons more

In warm weather, you just might find yourself face to face (or it might be ankle to face) with a snake. Most aren’t poisonous, but rattlesnakes, coral snakes and a few others are. The term, “poisonous snake,” is probably incorrect, because venoms and poisons are not the same thing. Poisons are absorbed in the gut or through the skin, but venom must be injected into tissues or blood via fangs or a stinger. Venomous snake bites have a distinct appearance due to the hollow fangs at the front of the snake’s mouth. This differs from non-venomous snakes, whose bites have a more uniform appearance. Not every bite from a venomous snake transmits toxins to the victim. Twenty-five to 30 percent of these bites will be “dry” and cause little or no ill effects. This could be due to the short duration

hAbove: Bodies of water at high elevation tend to have fewer contaminants.

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of time the snake had its fangs in the victim or whether the snake had bitten another animal shortly beforehand. Many other snake bites are only slight “envenomations” and resolve without major intervention. However, don’t count on being among the lucky minority of snake bite victims. 5.1 Handling a Bite In most cases, it’s not hard to tell whether there’s venom in the bite. Snake bites containing venom tend to cause a painful burning sensation almost immediately. Swelling at the site might begin as soon as five minutes afterward and might travel up the affected area toward the body core. The standard treatment for a venomous snake bite is “antivenin,” also called “antivenom.” Any hospital will have access to it, but in survival scenarios, this product will be a scarce commodity. If there’s no help coming, consider these steps: • Keep the victim immobile and calm. Stress increases pulse rate and speeds the venom into the system.

good. Why, then, would the same strategy work for snake venom? 6.0 HEAT STROKE OFF THE GRID

• Stop moving the injured extremity. Movement transports the venom into the circulation faster.

Heat stroke is mostly preventable. If one of your group members on work detail collapses in the heat, you might have chosen the time of day, conditions or exertion level poorly. Worse, you might

• Clean the wound thoroughly to remove any venom that isn’t deep in the wound. • Remove rings and bracelets from an affected extremity. Swelling is likely to occur. • Position the extremity slightly below the level of the heart to slow the transport of venom. • Pressure bandaging is thought to be helpful for some bites but might be risky for others, because it might cause tissue damage. If you do wrap, keep the wrapping looser than when dressing a sprained ankle. If it is too tight, the patient will reflexively move the limb and spread the venom around. • Avoid tourniquets—which do more harm than good in these situations. • Draw a circle around the affected area. As time progresses, you will see the area shrink if it

be on patrol far away from the hospital tent without a source of cool water in which to drench the victim. You do have your medical pack, however, that contains a few “shake and break” cold packs. When the entire body can’t be immersed in cool temperatures, you should concentrate your cold packs where large blood vessels run close to the surface of the skin. Places such as the neck, armpit and groin are best. This strategy will help transport cooler temperatures to the body core more effectively and perhaps avoid a bad outcome.

improves or grow if it worsens. • The limb should then be rested and perhaps immobilized with a splint or sling. The less movement there is, the better. • Keep the patient on bed rest—with the bite site lower than the heart—for 24 to 48 hours. 5.2 Kit or No Kit? Why didn’t we mention snakebite kits? Although logical in their premise, they only remove a tiny amount of venom from the bite site, especially if used more than 30 seconds after the injury occurs. Consider this: If you received, say, a flu shot, what are your chances of sucking a lot of it out from your arm? Not

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iIn austere conditions, you might not be able to count on clean water.

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7.0 ONE TOURNIQUET IS NOT ENOUGH Many survivalists believe they’re medically prepared if they have a tourniquet, but as the old saying goes, “One is none, and two is one.” Bleeding wounds don’t always stop bleeding with the first tourniquet, whether it’s due to operator error or the complexity of a wound. Therefore, even smaller kits should have a second tourniquet that could be placed above the first if needed. The problem is that the standard tourniquets approved by the Tactical Combat Casualty Care

i Some feel that running water means clean water, but what's upstream is what determines that.

i Near right: Venomous snake bites can be identified by the two larger holes made by the fangs. i Far right: Ticks are taking over more and more territory every year.

Committee are the CAT and SOFT-T, both built for the military—in other words, for large arms and legs. What if a toddler (or maybe even your dog) is bleeding? Can you get the kind of pressure required to do the job? Many believe so, but I think a great second tourniquet for a mixed group to carry is the SWAT-T (Stretch Wrap and Tuck Tourniquet). The instructions couldn’t be simpler (it’s in the name) and is essentially a big, sturdy length of elastic that can be placed with sufficient tension over the smallest limb. It is also versatile:

i Top right: Long pants and sleeves, combined with repellant, make for good protection against tick bites.

Wrapped a little less tightly, it can serve as a pressure dressing over gauze bandages. The SWAT-T is also useful to secure splints in place. 7.1 Tourniquet Lessons Written in Blood Common mistakes made when using any tourniquet include— • Panic! Remaining calm in the face of injury is the mark of an effective medic, and it instills confidence and calm in the patient. • Hesitating to apply a tourniquet. In any major hemorrhage, it should be the first course of action. • Not exposing the wound. Unless you and the victim are under fire, cut through clothing to see the exact location of the bleeding vessel. • Placing the tourniquet too low or over a joint. In most circumstances, place the tourniquet 2 to 4 inches above the injury. If you’re under fire, place it “high and tight” on the affected limb. • Worrying about the amount of pain during application. If you’re doing it right, it will hurt. • Failing to use a second tourniquet when needed. Bleeding should be stopped, and pulses farther out from the injury should be absent. • Loosening and retightening tourniquets over and over. Apply adequate (that is, lots of) pressure the first time, and don’t release it until you’re in a more controlled setting. Damage to the arm or leg is rare if the tourniquet is left on for under two hours. Indeed, tourniquets are often left in place for several hours during certain surgeries. • Failing to monitor for re-bleeds. Victims in shock are often covered with Mylar blankets to keep them warm. Check underneath frequently to make sure the bleeding is still under control. The following two pages offer suggestions for some essential items to include in your medic's kit.

i Bottom right: A well-applied tourniquet will hurt. Period.

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GEAR GUIDE Blister Medic Kit Overview

Specifications

Blisters are trouble, and you want to be able to deal with them when they happen. The compact and lightweight Blister Medic Kit from Adventure Medical Kits comes with 22 total pre-cut pieces of moleskin on two sheets, six antiseptic wipes, six alcohol swabs and two waterproof, breathable GlacierGel dressings. This protective dressing will stay in place and keep the blister area clean while allowing moisture to escape.

• Prevents blisters from forming • Die-cut moleskin pieces are specifically shaped to fit common blister areas • No scissors required • Glacier Gel blister dressings stop pain and start the healing process on contact • Disinfects wounds

MSRP $10

URL www.AdventureMedicalKits.com

Sawyer MINI Water Filter Overview

Specifications

Some survivalists insist that they can tell clean drinking water just by looking at it. Those of us without microscopic vision, however, should be using a water filter to purify any questionable source. The Sawyer MINI is compact, lightweight and is effective for at least the first 100,000 gallons— pretty good for an item that weighs 2 ounces and fits in the palm of your hand. This filter is a smart addition to the backpack of any survival-minded person.

• Provides 0.1 micron absolute filtration • Removes 99.99999% of all bacteria, including salmonella, cholera and E. coli • Removes 99.9999% of all protozoa, such as giardia and cryptosporidium • Comes with its own 16-ounce water pouch • Can screw onto the top of any standard water/soda bottle

MSRP $24.99

URL https://Sawyer.com

SWAT-T Tourniquet

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Overview

Specifications

Military tourniquets such as the Combat Application Tourniquet and SOF Tactical Tourniquet are popular, but the SWAT-T (Stretch, Wrap and Tuck Tourniquet) is more versatile and can be used with limited training by almost anyone. It is lightweight and folds almost flat, yet it’s durable enough to withstand very low or very high temperatures without losing integrity. Use it to secure splints in place, as a pressure dressing or as a tourniquet. One special feature: The Journal of Special Operations Medicine reported that due to its elastic nature, the SWAT-T avoided much of the pressure loss that often occurs with other tourniquets shortly after application.

• Reliable between -65 and 180 degrees (F) • Can be used on those with very thin limbs, such as young children • Effective as a tourniquet, pressure dressing or elastic wrap • Dimensions are only 4.5x3x0.6 inches • Latex-free

MSRP $17.95

URL https://BuyHandH.com

ChitoSAM 100 Hemostatic Dressing Overview

Specifications

Dr. Sam Scheinberg of SAM splints fame has developed his own brand of blood-clotting gauze called ChitoSAM. Made of the same materials found in the popular hemostatic agent, Celox, it works to stop bleeding in almost any situation, even for people on blood-thinning medications such as Coumadin. The difference between ChitoSAM, Celox and the classic favorite, QuikClot, is the material: 100 percent woven chitosan. While Celox and QuikClot have a stiff quality to them, the 6-foot-long ChitoSAM feels as flexible and pliant as a satin sheet, which makes packing a wound easier.

• High-performance action • Tear-anywhere, easy-open packaging • Extremely thick, but soft, material • Works independently from the body’s normal clotting processes

MSRP $37.50

URL https://Store.DoomandBloom. net

SAM Splint Overview

Specifications

Orthopedic injuries must often be immobilized to prevent further damage. Although you can improvise with sticks and strips of your t-shirt, it’s better to consider the famous 36-inch SAM ("structural aluminum malleable") splint. SAM Splint allows you to mold its foam-and-aluminum layers into structural arcs that are strong enough for pre- or post-cast care while remaining lighter and more transportable than traditional splints that rely on heavy, rigid materials. Bend it back into its original form to stow away or remold it for a separate injury. SAM Splint is lightweight, flexible and requires only wrap or tape to provide the necessary strength to support any fractured or injured limb.

• Reusable (clean with bleach and water) • Functions at any temperature that people do • Can be cut to size with an ordinary scissors • Use as a neck collar if desired

MSRP $15

URL https://Store.DoomandBloom. net

GRAB N GO Belt Gunshot Kit Overview

Specifications

Sometimes, you don’t have the time or knowledge to put together your own kit, but you want something you can grab, attach to your belt or pack, and feel confident that you can deal with the consequences of a hostile engagement. A lighter, even more-compact version of the GRAB N GO Gunshot Kit, the GRAB N GO Belt Gunshot Kit gives you the ability to stop significant hemorrhages with high-level components— all in a military-grade Voodoo Tactical bag.

• Choice of CAT Gen 7 or SOFT-T tourniquet • Choice of Celox or QuikClot Combat Gauze • EMT shears, compression dressing • MOLLE compatible • Weight: Under 1 pound

MSRP Starting at $129

URL https://Store.DoomandBloom. net

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AMERICAN SURVIVALGUIDE

PREPPER’S CHECKLIST

P

roviding you with the information and knowledge you’ll need to survive any emergency situation is our goal. Because this can be a complicated endeavor, we’ve developed this “prepper’s checklist” to help simplify and organize your efforts and gear.

Whether you’re concerned about a short-term rural survival scenario, civil unrest in an urban area or a massive natural disaster, American Survival Guide is dedicated to making sure you know what it takes to develop the skills and collect the right gear to protect yourself and the rest of your survival group. This comprehensive checklist is invaluable for ensuring you have what you need to survive almost any adverse situation. It is organized according to our “Six Pillars of Survival”—food, water, shelter, security, communications and health—so you can instantly assess and track your level of preparedness in each area. We encourage you to customize it so it will meet your specific requirements. We suggest you carefully cut these two pages from this issue and make copies to be kept in your storage area as an inventory sheet and also with your important documents. It can even be used as a shopping list for items you haven’t acquired yet.

1. FOOD PILLAR ASG recommends keeping at least a 30-day food supply on hand for each person. Remember that, on average, men need about 2,500 calories a day and women need around 2,000. Depending on your condition, level of stress and physical exertion, you might need more. 1.1. FOODSTUFFS Cooking oils (coconut, vegetable, olive, etc.) Cooking powders (flour, baking powder/soda, etc.)

Ċ Ċ Ċ Dairy products, dry Ċ Eggs, dry Ċ Freeze-dried entrees and meals Ċ Fruit (dried, canned, preserved) Ċ Grains and cereals Ċ MREs and other ready-to-eat packaged foods Ċ Pasta Ċ Protein, animal (fish, meat, poultry) Ċ Protein, plant (beans, lentils, nuts, powdered mixes) Ċ Rice Ċ Salt, iodized ĊSeeds for both consumption and planting Ċ Soups and stews Ċ Sweeteners (agave, honey, sugar, etc.) Ċ Vegetables (dried, canned, preserved) Ċ 1.2. FOOD PROCUREMENT NEEDS 1.2.1. HUNTING AND TRAPPING .22 air pellet gun and pellets and gas cartridges .22 rifle and ammo Compound bow/crossbow and arrows Maintenance materials for items in this group

Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Rifle and ammo Ċ Shotgun and ammo Ċ Traps and snares Ċ

1.2.2. FISHING Compact fishing kit Full-sized fishing rod and tackle

Ċ Ċ Ċ

2. WATER PILLAR

NOTES

You should have enough potable water to support each person with 2 gallons per day for at least 30 days for hydration, food preparation and hygiene. Store water away from light, chemicals and pesticides, and don't stack plastic containers on concrete surfaces. Always use opaque, FDA-approved, food-grade containers to store your water. ASG recommends you cycle your water supply every six months—unless you treat it with a water preservative. 2.1. WATER STORAGE OPTIONS Individual bottles or cans Portable water containers (1-, 5- or 7-gallon sizes) Static water containers (30- and 50-gallon drums, larger tanks or blivets, cistern) Water resupply plan

Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ

2.2. PRESERVATION AND TREATMENT Chemical disinfectant supplies

Ċ

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Ċ Heat source and fuel for boiling water Ċ Ultraviolet water sterilizer Ċ Water filter/purifier (at least one filter/purifier per person) Ċ Water flavor enhancer to improve the taste of treated water Ċ 3. SHELTER PILLAR In an emergency, you are usually better off hunkering down in your home. But a time might come when you need to seek shelter elsewhere. In addition to knowing where local emergency shelters are, you need to have a bug-out plan for a safe location where you can take shelter. 3.1. HUNKERING DOWN AT HOME Fire extinguishers

Ċ Ċ Generator, fuel and maintenance tools and materials Ċ Power inverter Ċ Smoke and carbon monoxide alarms and batteries Ċ Wood or manufactured fireplace logs and kindling Ċ 3.2. FABRICATED SHELTER Sleeping bags and ground mats, appropriately sized and insulated

Ċ Ċ Tarps, real 550 cord and bungee cords Ċ Tent replacement and repair parts Ċ Tent(s) large enough for people, pets and weather-sensitive gear Ċ 3.3. LOCAL EMERGENCY SHELTER Know the location of the closest emergency shelter

Ċ Ċ

3.4. CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT Base layer and street clothing suited to your environment at any time of the year Hunting/camouflage clothing and accessories Insect- and snake-protective clothing Weather-resistant clothing, outerwear, headwear and footwear

Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ

4. SECURITY PILLAR The Security Pillar includes safety issues, along with self-defense, making it a very broad category. If you have additional security and safety preparations, you should add them to this list. 4.1. HOME SECURITY/EARLY-WARNING SYSTEM Home alarm Motion detectors Remote camera systems

Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ

4.2. LETHAL WEAPON SYSTEMS Handgun and spare mags or speed loaders, ammo and accessories Rifle and spare mags, ammo and accessories Shotgun and spare mags, ammo and accessories

Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ

4.3. LESS-LETHAL WEAPON SYSTEMS Less-lethal shotgun rounds Personal defense spray/tear gas dispenser and replacement cartridges Restraint systems Stun gun and batteries

Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ 114

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Ċ Taser and replacement cartridges, batteries and other accessories Ċ 5. COMMUNICATIONS PILLAR

Ċ Amateur/HAM radio, CB radio scanner and accessories Ċ Cell phone and accessories Ċ Chargers and batteries Ċ Faraday cage or other protective containers Ċ FM/AM/SW/Weather radio and accessories Ċ Personal locator beacon/EPIRB Ċ Satellite phone and accessories Ċ Solar charging panel and accessories Ċ Television and power source Ċ Two-way radios and accessories Ċ 6. HEALTH PILLAR

Ċ 90- to 180-day supply of all vital prescription medications Ċ Backboard or other litter Ċ Blankets/space blankets Ċ Emergency dental kit, one per person Ċ Epinephrine pen kit Ċ Home first aid kit Ċ Hygiene and sanitation supplies Ċ Individual first aid kit, one per person Ċ Neck brace and splints Ċ Personal hygiene kit, one per person Ċ Slings and cravats Ċ Snake bite kit, one per person Ċ Special medical equipment: defibrillator, CPAP, oxygen machine and any accessories Ċ Suture and trauma kits, one each per peson Ċ ADDITIONAL ITEMS

ĊAssorted hand tools, according to your needs ĊBug-out bag/three-day pack, one per person ĊBushcraft knife (we suggest carrying more than one knife) ĊCandles Ċ Dependable transportation, fuel, and repair and maintenance supplies Ċ Flashlights and hands-free lights and batteries Ċ GPS, compass, maps, protractor, map case and marking pens Ċ Optics for day, night and thermal, and batteries and accessories Ċ Pace-counter beads Ċ Road flares Ċ Wind/waterproof matches, fire starters and tinder Ċ Windproof lighter and fuel Ċ EMERGENCY PLANS

Ċ Bug-out plan and leave-behind note Ċ Group emergency preparedness plan Ċ Local Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) point of contact ĊLocal FEMA/Homeland Security point of contact Ċ Local hospital phone number Ċ Phone number and address of local National Guard Armory Ċ Police and fire phone numbers Ċ

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