• Author / Uploaded
• Ezequiel Aguilar

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1 lA present tense verb be [±J, subject pronouns: 1, you, etc. 5»))

El = affirmative form Full form

C ontraction

1 am your [eacher. You are in room 7. He is Mike. She is Hannah . Ir is a sehoo!. We are students. You are in C lass 2. They are tcachers.

I'm yOllr rcachet . You're in room 7. Hc's Mike.

• A lways use a sub jecc pronoun (YOII, he, etc.) \V irh a verb, e.g., 1t'5 a Se/lOO/. NOT k-tt-se1wttl-; They're teachers. NOT Are teachers.

• Always use cap ital 1, e.g., He's Mike and l'm Sally. NOT i4n-5ally. With othcr pronou ns o llly use a capitalletter when it 's rhe firsr word in a sentence. • you = si ngul ar an d plural. • Use he for a man, s/¡e for a \Vo man, an d it for a thing. • Use they for people an d things.

Shc's Hann ah. It's a sehoo!. We're students. You're in C lass 2. They're tcachers.

C ontractions • In contractions):: a missing lener, e.g., 'm '" amo • \Ve use eomraetions in eOIl versation alld in informal w ritill g, e.g., an ema il to a friend o

lB present tense verb be Q and [1J

[1] =question form Ami

Are you Is he/she/ it Are we Are you Are they

I 'm not Brazi li an . 23 »)) She isn't from Los Angeles. T hey arcn't Span ish. Are yOl! Peruvian? Yes, r am o Is she 50urh Korea n? No, she Isn't.

c::J

0= affirmative

=negative form

Fult form I am not You are not He/She/lt is not We are not You are not They are not

short answer Contraction I'mnot You aren't He I She I It isn't We aren't You aren't Theya ren't

Italian. Spanish. Mexican.

• Put IlOt a fter the verb be to m ake negati ves. • You can also contract are Ilot and is Ilot like this: YOIl're not Italian . She 's not Spanish.

le

Chinese? American? Turkish?

Ves,

lam. you are. he I she lit is. we are. you are. they are.

[l] = negative short answer

No.

• In questions, pUf am, are, is, before l ,yol1 , he, ere. Areyou German? NOT -Ym, ale G etman? Where are you¡rom? NOT Wltere-ymt"tl1'e""frotrt?• Don'e use contractions in a ffirm ative shor t answers. Are you 1ranian? Yes, lamo NOT Yes, { 'm.

possessive adjectives: my, your, etc.

I'm C hin ese . You 're in leve! 1. He 's rhe director. She's your teacher. It 's a schoo!. Wc 're an in ternational sehool. They're new stlldents.

My famil y is fro m Bei jing. 41» ) This is your c1 assroom. His na me is M iehael. Hcr llame is T in a. Its name is McQlIeen's Langllage Sehoo!. Our studencs are from many differem eOU !l(ries . Their na mes are D avi d and Emma.

• his = of aman, her = of a woman, its:: of a thing. • rh eir :: of plural people or ehings. • Possessive adjectives don 'e ehange \V ieh plural noun s. our srudents NOT ourssttrdents

I'mnot. you aren't. he I she I it isn't. we aren't. you aren't. they aren't.

P

it's or its? Be ca reful with it's and its. it·s = it is It's a school. its =possessive Its name is fvlcQueen's Language School.

GRAMMAR BANK lA a

b Wrirc rh e sente nces wirh contracrion s.

I illl1 M ike. We ____ from Boston. 2 He early. 3 T hey teachers. 4 Today

5 L 6 Ir 7 You 8 She 9 M y llame

10 1

\Vednesday.

He's la te.

H e is late. 1 Ir is Friday.

C omplete \Virh am, is , or are.

2 They are in schooL 3 I am very \Vel!. 4 You are in my class.

e Write rhe senrences \Virh a subj ecr pronoun a nd a conrraction.

sotry. a hotel. in room 4 02.

1 2 3 4

a student.

C arla.

Mike and Hannah are stud ents. Thev're . srud enr s. John is in room 5. Sam and 1 are early. Julia is a teachet . The school is in Santiago. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

« p.S

in a tax i.

lB a

e

Wrire rhe sem ences in rhe negati ve. 1 2 3 4

Hi. I.m Mark. Hello , Mark. My name 1_ _ Maria. ' __ yo u Spanish, Maria? No. I 3_ _ from Mex ICo. ' __ you from Mexico City? No. I 5_ _ from Tiju ana . ' __ Tijuana near Mex ico City? No, ir 7_ _. lt 8_ _ in rhe norrh. A ' __ you a stud ent? B No. I 1O_ _ a reach er.

A B A B A B A B

She's Au stralian. S he ¡SIl't AustraLia n. L'm Ameri can . T hey're Brazilian. Ir 's in South America. You're French.

bMake question s and short an swers . I

2 3 4

5

I you Ru ss ian ? I 1in room lO ? I ir Ital ian? I they studenrs? I he from rh e US? I you sure?

[1] Ar~)!Qu R u.ss.iall?

rn rn rn rn rn

lZl res, 1am. ? lZl ? [] ? [] ? lZl ? []

le a

« p.7 b G

C ompl ete th e se ntenceS with a possessive adj ective.

Mx name's Darly. I'm from Brazi1. 1 T he srudenrs are from lraly. __ na mes a re Susanna a nd Tito. 2 She's in my class. __ name is Rebecc a. 3 We're in class 2. teacher is Richard. 4 London is famous for __ parks. 5 How do yOl! speIl __ last nam e, Ann a? 6 This is my teacher. __ name is Brad. 7 I'm from Boston. address IS 31 Kenr Road. S Sit down and open __ books, please. 9 Laura is in rny c1ass. __ desk is near rh e wind ow. 10 We're from Beijin g. __ Ia st name is Won g.

C omplete the di alogu e. Use contractions if possible.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10

the corren word. Mark and Simon are friends.~Their are in class 2. She's a new srudent. She I Her name's C arla. Is they I their teacher British? My na me's Soraya . I'm in yO Il ¡yo llr class . \Vhere are y 01l 1yo ur fri end s from ? We're French. Wej 01lr names are Marc and Jacqu es. Is she I her Japanese? Perer is a reacher. Hej His is from C anada. Whar 's hel his name? l'm Karen. JIMy la st name is White. S he ¡ Her is fr om Seou 1.

« p.9 Online Practice

2 2A a! an, plurals; this / that! these / those

irreguLar pluraLs

al an, plurals 52 »))

It's a bago It's an umbrell a. T hey're books . T hey're watchcs.

Singular

Plural

aman /m les

1 Use tltisl these for things near you (here). 2 Use thatl those for rhings which aren'r near you (there). • this I that = singul ar; these I those = pluraL • lhis, that, t/tese, and thoseca n be ad jectives (this wateh) or pronouns (WIJat's this?) .

• Add -s (or -es or -ies) (Q make plural nouns: /t's a peno Tlley're petls. • Don'tusealanwithpluraln ouns: Tlley're keys. NO T T-hey!re-a-keys:

When we use an adjective w it h a noun , the adjecti ve goes before the noun:

2B adjectives T he White Hou se is in the USo T hey're blue jeans. 2 He's strong. [t is n't eas)'. ls it American ? 3 [t's a very big ciry. She's really small.

Jt 's a bi[J hOllse. N OT -J-t!s--tr-JW1tse-big;

63 »))

Adjectives don'r change before a plural noun : They're blue jeallS. NOT T-hey'reiJh=j"""So 2 We ca n also use adjectives without a 11 0Ull, after rhe verb be. 3 We ofren use very before adjecrives: " He's very tall. b He's tallo e He isn't very tall.

~,

IW\ · n~ ,

2e

imperatives, let's

Open the door. Turn right. Don'tworry. Don't stop. Be quiet, please. Please sit down . 2 Let's go home. Let's wait.

1 71 »))

-

Use imperatives (Q g ive orders or in struct io ll s. • [+] imperatives = verb (base fonn) . [-] imperatives = dOIl't + verb (base form). • Add pIease to be polite: Open file door, picase. • We often use be + adjective in impe ratives: Be quiet, Be ca reful, etc. • Don't use a pronoun wit h imperatives: Be quieto 2 Use Let's + verb (base form) to make suggest io ns. Use Let's IJOt + verb to make a negative suggestio n: Let's IlOt wait.

GRAMMAR BANK 2A a

e

Co mplecc rhe d ¡alog ues \Virh this, these, that, or tltose.

Teacher \Vhat's 1. _ _ __ Jenny? Jcnny ¡r's an ¡Podo Teacher And what are 2 , Jenny? Jcnny They're headphones. Teacher G ive them ro me, picase, Jenny.

Co mpl ete \Virh a or alt. Wrire rhe plural.

singular

plural

ª ph oto 1 _ _ city 2 em ail 3 _ _ perso n 4 box woman 5

~

b Write sentences \Virh ¡t's or They're (and a or an if necessary). They're buses.

buses

\Vho's 3_ _ __ man over there? He's my father. A ndate 4_ _ __ your dogs? Yes, (hey are.

Boy l

pen

Boy2 Boyl

1 children 2 change purse

3 men

Boy2 Boyl

4 umbrella 5 su ngla sses

« p.12

« p.13

28 a

b Put rhe words in rhe fi ght arder. ls he Chinese?

is Ch inese he?

Underline rhe adj ectives in these sentences.

1 a day very it 's ho r 2 yOllr Ausrralian is rcachet? 3 car fa st isn't rhar very

He's a rich mano 1 They're Japanese rourises. 2 It 's an internatio nal schoo l.

4 a id ea bad it 's

3 That isn't the right answet. 4 We're good frien d s. S Hi, A nna. Nice to meet you.

5 a are student you good? 6 easy is English very 7 strong my is bro rh er very

6 T hose animals are dangerotl s.

8 watch ex pensive is chis an

7 T hi s is a big country. 8 My phone is very cheap.

« p.14

2C a

Wow!

b

Co mp lete \Vith a verb from t he li st. Use a G or a c:J impe rat ive. be

A A 1 A 2 A

ga

have

open

park

read

spea k

ta ke turn an

worry

lt 's hoto B Qpm the window. I'm very sorry B Don't worry . It isn't a problem. 1'111 bored . B ____ the TY. No entiendo. B This is an English class. Please ____ Spanish.

3 A l'm tired .

B It's late.

4 A l s rhi s book good?

B No, ir isn'r.

S A 1'111 hun gry. B 6 A Look at those animals. 7 A Ir's raining. B 8 A Where is o ur hotel?

to bed.

ir.

a sa ndw ich. B ~___ careful. They're dangerous.

Complete with Let's and a verb from the listo clase

go open

sit down

stop

turn off

lt 's hot. L et's opelt the window. I Comeon. _ _ __ 2 Lt 's late. ____ the TV and go to bed . 3 ['m tired. ____ 4 It 's very cold in here . ~_ _ _ the window. S There's a service statio n. and have a co ffee.

« p.17

an umbrella. B It 's over there. ____ here.

Online Practice

3 • Con tran io ns: don't = do 11Or, doesn't = does 1I0t. • Tú ma ke negatives use don'tfdocm't + verb (base fonn) . Hedoesn't work. N OT Hc-doem4;-works:

3A simple present [±J and Q America ns like fas t food. T hey livc in houses \V irh yards. My hu sband works frc m 9:00 to 5:00. A nn has [h ree children .

4 1))

El I work. You work. He / She / tt works. We work. You work. They work.

I work I play l live.

He works / plays / live s.

I watc h /finish / go / do.

She watches / finishes / goes I does.

I study.

She stud ies.

• The spell ing ru les fo r rhe he I slte I it forms a re rhe sarue as for

t don't work.

You don't work. He I She / tt doesn't work.

rhe plura ls (see G rammar Ba nk 2A p.126).

p

We don't work . You don't work. They don't work.

• We use rhe simple present for t hin gs rh ar a re ge ne rally (ru e o r rhar habiru ally happen .

Be careful with sorne he l she l it forrns I have He has NOT He haves I go He goes Igoüzl I do He does IdAlJ I say He says IsczJ

p

38 simple present W Do )'ou work in a n o ffi ce? No, 1 don't . Docs she \York outside? Yes, she docs .

14 )))

[l] Do I work? Do you wo rk? Does he I she l it work? Do we work? Do you work? Do they work?

Yes,

I

¡ spelling rules far he ! she! it

Ido. you do. he Ishe l it does. we do. you do. they da.

N O,

I don't. you don't. he Ishe lit doesn't. we don't. you don't. they don't .

doand does do Idu/, daes

=

=Idl\zl

Do and does can be : 1 t he auxiliary verb ta make simple present questians. Do yau speak Eng/ish? Does she Uve here? 2 a normal ve rbo I do my homework in the evening. He does hausework every day.

• T he word a rder fo r simple present quesrions is aux ilia ry (do, does ), subject (I,YOIl, he, she, e te.), base form (work, live, ere.).

• Use do (or does w irh he, she, it) to m ake questions.

p

3C word order in questions Qucstion word I phrasc

Auxiliar)'

Subject

Base fo rm ofvcrb @ 20 )))

Do

yOl!

live nea r here?

Does

)'Ollr mother

wo rk ?

do

)'OU

do?

W here

does

he

Haw ma n)' ch ild ren

do

)'ou

- - - -- - - - - - - - -f- - - - - -- - - - - - - W ha t

-

--

---

------

------

-------------

live? have? ---

-------------

W har kind o[ ruusie

does

she

like?

How

do

)'ou

spell )'our last na m e?

• T he word a rder for simple prese nt qu es tio ns with do and does is aux ilia r y, subject, base fo rm , e.g., Do youlive Ite re? OR quest io ll word, aux ilia ry, subject , base form , e.g., Whe re do YOlllive? • We o fte n use qu estio n phrases beg illning \V ith W/¡at, e.g., What color. .. ? What size .. . ? What make ... ? What time . . . ?, etc.

Word arder in be questions Remember the ward arder in questians with be. Put be befare the subject. Where are yau from? What's your name? Is he Japanese?

GRAMMAR BANK 3A

b Co mpl ete rhe sentences \Virh a [BorGverb.

a Cha nge rhe se nrences. My mom drinks coffee.

1drill& c;oJiee.

I go

She He

ro rhe movies.

2 \Ve live in an apartmenr. 3 She ha s [\VO children. 4 My dad doesn't like cats. S T he srores clase at 9:30 p.m. 6 We don'r srudy French. 7 Ido hou sework. 8 1 wanr a guirar. 9 I dan'r \Vork o n Sarurdays. 10 Our classes finish ar 5 o'c1ock.

eat have listen play read spea k study wea r work

G They study economics.

They

1 [J Pedro 2 G Eva

[

The superm arker

3 G You 4 [J [ S G Paolo 6 m We 7 [J They 8 G Julia

My sister

My hu sband Myson My friend Our English c1a ss

in ao ofEice. book s in Eng li sh. Arabic ve ry \Vd!.

games on my phone. glasses. ro mu sic on rh e bu s. fast Eood . [\VO children .

-c: p.20 38 a

b Make questions. She works ar nighr. B Does she workon rhe weekend ? 1 don't play the guitar. B Doyoll play tite piano? ., 1 He likes sporrs. B rennt s. 2 She spea ks foreig n lan guages . B C hinese? 1don'r ear fast food. B pi zzas? 3 They cook lta lia n food. B lasagna? 4 in 5 Teresa does n't Iive in an apartmenr. B a hou se? 6 A lwantanew phone. B ______ aniPhone? 7 A My dad dri ves a Ferrari. B fast? A A A A A A A

Co mplete rh e questions wirh do or does. Do you work \Vith a computer?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

she have any qualifications? you speak a foreign Ianguage? Jamie play rhe guitar? you like Mexican food? you srudy anarher langu age? school children \Vea r a unifor m? your dad cook? people in you r country \Vork long hou rs?

3C a

b

Order rhe words ro make quescions. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-c: p.22

yo u live where do? Where do YOlllive? phones how many do you have? inreresting is job ir an? you drink how do coffee much? brorher your where from is ? you \Vith work computers do? read of what do kind you magaz ines? do what doe s weekend he on the? want you do drink another? your where does sister live? do how that you say English in?

Compl ere the quesrions. What's yOllr name? My name's Andrew. ? T hree, two girl s and a boyo 1 How many children 2 What kind of lUov ies ? He likes science -fiction mov ies. 3 Where ______ ?, We're fram New York. 4 5 6 7 8

What your farh er ? He's a lawyer. ? ¡like Japanese food. W har kind offood Where ? She works in an offi ce. Where ? Our apartment is near rhe mal\. ? J spea k French How many foreign languages and Spani sh. 9 W hen ______ to rhe gym? 1 go on Mondays , Wednesdays, and Fr idays. 10 How old _ _ _ _ _ 1 ['m 21.

-c: p.25 Online Practice

4 4A Whase ... ?, passessive 's 3lJ»)

He's George C looney's father. Ir's James's hou se. 2 T hey're 111)' parents ' friends. 3 Whosc bag is this? It 's Ma ria's. 4 T he end of rhe mov ie is fantastic. 1 Iive near rhe cít)' park.

3 We u se Whose . . . ? to ask about possessions. We can ask WllOseis this ba{j? OR Whose balJ is tllis? You can a nswer It's Maria 's bal.!. OR 1('s Maria 's. 4 We don 't usually use a thin g + 's, e.g., theclld oft/¡e movie NOT tite movic's eHd, the city park NOT the city's park.

p 'S

Be careful w ith 's. It can be tWQ things: Maria's mother ('s =of Maria) Maria's Spanish ('s =is)

1 We use 's \Vith a person to talk aboll t fami l)' a nd possessions: Geor[Je Cloollcy's mother NOT the-mother-ofGeorge-€/ooney 2 We use s' nO[ 's \Vi rh regu lar pluralnouns, e.g., Tlley're my parclIts'fricnds. N OT F-he:fre-myparcnt-!sfriends: • \Virh irregu lar plural noun s, e.g., childrcll, fIJen , use 's:

Whose I Who's Who's Who is, e.g., Who's that gir/? She's my sister. Whose of who, e.g., Whose ís this bag? It's Jack's. Whose and Who's are pronounced the same.

= =

the childrell's room, men's e/otiles.

48 prepasitians: (at, in, an, tal Movement and place

Time

the morning rhe afre rnoon the evenin g rhe summ er

g) 42 ))

on

al

Mon day Tuesday (morning) rhe weeke nd

rhree o'elod I midoighr lunchrim e nighr 0 00 0

• We use in for parrs of rh e day and seaso ns. • We use on for days a nd the weekend. • We use at for rimes of rhe day a nd lIi8ht.

p

1 He goes to \\'ork at 8:00. 2 H e has lunch at \York. He works in a n office .

2 • • •

Other uses of in and on We also use in with months and years . e.g., in December, in 2015

~ 43 ))

We u se to for movemenror direcrion : She 80es to the 8Ym. NOT Sltegoesat-thegym. We don'r use to before /tome: 80 /tome NOT 80 to /tome We use atand in fo r position. We use at + work, home, se/too/. We use in + orher places: an apartment, an office, a room, ere. We can u se inor at \V ith sOllle public places: a restaurant, the 1H0vies, ere. OH Satllrdays he usually has lUllch in I at a restaurant .

We also use on with dates. e.g., on January 1 (See Grammar Bank 7A p.136)

4C adverbs and expressians af frequency 1 1 always have toast for brea k[a sr. :g) 49 »)) Do you usual1y go to work b), bus? She doesn'r ofteo go to rhe movics. T hey're sometimes late . She hardly ever \Varches T V. He is never srressed. 2 J have Engli sh d asses twice a week. She doesn't work cvery da)'.

1 We u se adverb s of frequ ency to sa)' ho\\' ofre n )'ou do somethin g. • Adverbs of freque nc)' go before a ll m a in verbs (exccpe be). afrer be. • Use a [+] verb \Virh llever and hard/yever. He never smokes. NOT He·doesn~t-never-smoke; • Jn negarive sentences, the ad verb of frequenc)' goes betwee n don't, doesn't and the verbo 2 Expressio ns offrequenc)' usua ll)' go ar rhe end of a sen tence or verb phrase.

GRAMMAR BANK 4A

----

a G

the correct formo

Mon ica Cru z isCffiielope Crllz's ~ sister's Pene/ope Cruz. It's nI)' mother's birthday! my birthday's mother. 2 T hat's her hOllse's parents I her parents' hO/He. 3 1'111 cired when I go horne at tite eltd oJ tite day I tite day's eud. 4 T hose are friellds' my sister I rny sister's fricuds.

5 T hat 's Anne's baBI Annes' baB' 6 T hose are the stlldents' desks I the stlldent's desks. b Loak at rhe pictures. Answer rhe questions \Virh a sho rt sentence. Whose is rh e laptop? lt'sBill's. 1 Whose a re rhe cars? _ _ __ 2 Whose is rhe wallet? _ _ __

3 Whose are rh e magazin es? ____ 4 Whose is rhe watch? ____ S Whose are rhe glasses? _ _ __

e Co mplete \Vi rh Wlt ose or Who's. Whose car is rhis? llaw..'.s: the man with dark hair? I baok is chi s? 4 Kev in's girl fr iend ? 2 keys are (he se? 5 bag is rhis? 3 your favorire singer? 6 rheir Engli sh reacher?

« p.28 48 a

b Co mpl ete wirh to, at , in, or - .

Co mpl ere wirh in, on, or a to Sarurday ____ rheevening 2 ____ Septe mber 22nd 3 ____ rhe summ et Qll

4 _ _ _ 7:30 5 _ _ _ n ight

6 ____ Monda)' mornings 7 ____ rhe weekend 8 ____ Janu ary

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

We go ro sehool by bus. They get ---=--- home late. 50tty, John 's nor heteo He's __ wotk . It 's a grea r day. Let's go __ the beach. Lauta's hu sband wotk s an offic e. My brother srudies marh __ rhe Universi ty of Chieago. f go __ the gym on Tuesdays and Thursdays. What ti me do you go __ horn e? \Ve live __ an aparrmenr. Ir's Monday. The ehildren are __ sehool. My facher's a doctor. He works __ a hos piral. Jack isn'r __ rhe srore. He's on vacarion.

4C a

b O rder the words ro make sentences. always she at six up gers

pU[ rhe adverb or express ion offrequency in rhe righr pla ce.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

« p.31

T hey drive - rhey don't have a caro never Tltey never drive - tltey don't llave a caro Do you wea r glasses? usually I'm bored. hardlyever She does housework. sometimes We go to the movie s. once a week ____________ \Vhy are yon lare? always 1wa lk ro work. every day My fr iend is srressed. never Does it rain in rhe "vinrer? often

She always [Jets

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

/lp at six.

for late neve r 1 am c1ass eat ever fast hard Iy we fo od whar work you usually time do finish ? parents rad io ofren rhe my lisren don't ro always brorher lunchrime is my hungry ar don 't homework always our we do )'ou work eve ry da)' to do drive ? hatdly teacher angry is our evet

« p.32 Online Practice

5 5A can / can't

0

1 1 can sin g, hut 1 can't da nce.

I/ You l He/She/ ltI We/T hey

58 l))

2 ] can come o n Tuesday, b u c 1 can'e come o n

\ Vednesday. 3 You can park here. You can'e park there. 4 Can you help me? Can 1 or en ch e window?

can

swim. come. help.

[l) Can

• can + base [orm ofverb has di fferen t mea nin gs : 1 1ca n = 1know ho\\' ro. 1 can't = 1 d on't k now h a\\' ro. 2 I can = 1( '5 poss ib le for me. 1can't = Ir's impossible for me. 3 YOIl calt= It's OK I It 's permitted . YOII can't = [t's ll or O K 11['s not permitted . 4 Can yau .. . ? = Please do i(. Can l ... ?= IsirOK ifIdo ir?

I /You /

5wi m.

He/She/ ltI We/ Th ey

can't

I /yau / he/she/

0

it/wel

swim?

co me? help?

come. help.

({] I/yau / he/she/

Ves,

itlwe/ they

t hey

can.

I /yo u l he/she/ it/we/ they

No,

can't .

• can and ca n't are rhe sa me fo r all persons (I,YOIl, he, etc.). N OT He caltS.

• Conrracrio n: can't = cmmor. • D on't use to after can. / call swim. NOT /-can-to-swim~

58 present continuous: be + verb + -ing They're having a party in aparrme nr 4. Oh, no! T he baby 's crying. !t's raining. A \Vhar are you doing? B I'm waiting for my b rorher.

[=]

4 )))

[l)

0

({]

Ami Are you Ishe/she/ it Are we Are they

having a party?

Yes,

lam. you are. he I she l it is. we are. they are.

No,

I'mnot. you aren't. he/she/ it isn't. we aren't. they aren't .

spelling rules for the -ing form

• We use rhe presem cominuous for thi ngs rhar are ha ppenin g now. • \Ve also use rhe present continuous wirh longer periods o f rime, e.g., roday, this week. I'm working al llame this week beca use litY daugllter's not feelillg well.

I'm Yau 're He/She/ lt 'S We' re They're

se

I'm not You aren't He I She l it isn't We aren't They aren't

base form

verb+ -;ng

spelling

caok study

cooking stu dying

add -ing

dance

dancing

:::R'+ -ing

shap

shop ping

one vawe l + ane consonant o:: double consona nt +-ing

having a party.

• \Ve o fren use rhe present co nrinuous \V irh right IIOW, today, chis week.

simple present or present continuous?

simple present

present continuous

3 12 »))

p

What do you do? or What are you doing?

My s i ~~e r_ ~or~~_ i ~l