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AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel

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AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel Written by AZoM

Jul 5 2012

Topics Covered Introduction Chemical Composition Physical Properties Mechanical Properties Machining Welding Heat Treatment Forging Annealing Normalizing Stress Relieving Hardening Tempering Applications

Introduction AISI 1045 steel is a medium tensile steel supplied in the black hot rolled or normalized condition. It has a tensile strength of 570 - 700 MPa and Brinell hardness ranging between 170 and 210. AISI 1045 steel is characterized by good weldability, good machinability, and high strength and impact properties in either the normalized or hot rolled condition.

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AISI 1045 steel has a low through-hardening capability with only sections of size around 60 mm being recommended as suitable for tempering and through-hardening. However, it can be efficiently flame or induction hardened in the normalized or hot rolled condition to obtain surface hardnesses in the range of Rc 54 - Rc 60 based on factors such as section size, type of set up, quenching medium used etc. AISI 1045 steel lacks suitable alloying elements and hence does not respond to the nitriding process.

Chemical Composition Element

Content

Carbon, C

0.420 - 0.50 %

Iron, Fe

98.51 - 98.98 %

Manganese, Mn 0.60 - 0.90 % Phosphorous, P ≤ 0.040 % Sulfur, S

≤ 0.050 %

Physical Properties Physical Properties Metric

Imperial

7.87 g/cc 0.284 lb/in3

Density

Mechanical Properties Mechanical Properties Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Knoop (Converted from Brinell hardness) Hardness, Rockwell B (Converted from Brinell hardness) Hardness, Vickers (Converted from Brinell hardness)

Metric Imperial 163

163

184

184

84

84

170

170

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Tensile Strength, Ultimate Tensile Strength, Yield

565

81900

MPa

psi

310

45000

MPa

psi

Elongation at Break (in 50 mm)

16.0 % 16.0 %

Reduction of Area

40.0 % 40.0 % 200

29000

GPa

ksi

140

20300

GPa

ksi

Poissons Ratio (Typical For Steel)

0.290

0.290

Shear Modulus (Typical for steel)

80 GPa 11600 ksi

Modulus of Elasticity (Typical for steel) Bulk Modulus (Typical for steel)

Machining AISI 1045 steel has good machinability in normalized as well as the hot rolled condition. Based on the recommendations given by the machine manufacturers, operations like tapping, milling, broaching, drilling, turning and sawing etc. can be carried out on AISI 1045 steel using suitable feeds, tool type and speeds.

Welding Certain facts about welding of AISI 1045 steel are: AISI 1045 steel is readily welded when correct procedure is followed. Welding AISI 1045 steel in through-hardened, tempered and flame or induction hardened condition is not recommended. Low hydrogen electrodes are preferred for welding AISI 1045 steel. The workpiece is

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Pre-heated at 200°C–300°C (392°F - 572°F) Maintained at the same temperature during welding Cooled slowly using sand, ashes etc and Stress relieved at 550°C - 660°C (1022°F - 1220°F).

Heat Treatment AISI 1045 is subjected to the following processes: Forging Annealing Normalizing Stress relieving Hardening Tempering

Forging Heat to 850°C - 1250°C (1562°F - 2282°F) Hold until the temperature is uniform Cool in furnace

Annealing Heat to 800°C - 850°C (1472°F - 1562°F) Hold until the temperature is uniform

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Cool in furnace.

Normalizing Heat to 870°C - 920°C (1598°F-1688°F) Hold until the temperature is uniform Soak for 10 - 15 minutes Cool in still air

Stress Relieving Heat to 550°C - 660°C (1022°F - 1220°F) Hold until the temperature is uniform Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section Cool in still air

Hardening Heat to 820°C - 850°C (1508°F - 1562°F) Hold until the temperature is uniform Soak for 10 - 15 minutes per 25mm of section Quench in water or brine

Tempering Re-heat to 400°C - 650°C (752°F - 1202°F ) as required Hold until the temperature is uniform

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Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section Cool in still air

Applications AISI 1045 is widely used for all industrial applications requiring more wear resistance and strength. Typical applications of AISI 1045 are as follows: Gears

Pins

Rams

Shafts

Rolls

Sockets

Axles

Spindles

Worms

Bolts

Ratchets

Light gears

Studs

Crankshafts Guide rods

Connecting rods Torsion bars Hydraulic clamps

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