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A

PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF

AMERICAN ENGLISH BY

JOHN SAMUEL KENYON, Professor of the English Language in

Consulting Editor

Webster

s

New

and Author

Hiram

Ph.D. College;

of the Guide to Pronunciation,

International Dictionary, Second Edition

AND

THOMAS ALBERT KNOTT,

Ph.D.

Professor of English in the University of Michigan;

Editor of the Middle English Dictionary ; General Editor, Webster's

G.

&

C.

New International Dictionary,

Second Edition

MERRIAM COMPANY, PUBLISHERS SPRINGFIELD, MASS.,

U.S.A.

W

Copyright, 1949

BY G.

&

MERRIAM

C.

CO.

PREVIOUS EDITION COPYRIGHT, 1944

BY

G.

&

C.

MERRIAM

CO.

COPYRIGHT UNDER INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT UNION ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UNDER INTERNATIONAL AMERICAN CONVENTION (1910) BY G.

&

A II

C.

MERRIAM

CO.

rishls reserved

MADE IN THE U.S.A. GEORGE BANTA PUBLISHING COMPANY, ELECTROTYPERS, PRINTERS, AND BINDERS THE COLLEGIATE PRESS, MENASHA,

WIS., U.S.A.

®

To Myra Pow Kenyon AND

Myra Powers Knott

This publication was in large part Corporation of

New

publisher, or proprietor of

by

virtue of its grant

made

any

possible

That Corporation this publication, and

York.

of the statements

by funds granted by Carnegie

is

not, however, the author, owner,

is

not to be understood as approving

made

or views expressed herein.

PREFACE More than ten years ago several scholars especially interested in American English suggested to one of the present editors the making of a phonetic pronouncing dictionary of the speech of the United States that might serve, both in the United States and elsewhere, the purposes served for Southern British English by Professor Daniel Jones's English Pronouncing Dictionary. About six years ago the editors became associated in this work. Although as a pioneer in the field great credit must go to Professor Jones,

who has

placed

limited

all later

much

lexicographers under inescapable obligation to him,

from and nearly homogeneous

our task

is

different

his.

He

records the pronunciation of a

class of people in

England

in a type of

speech identical with that of the editor himself. Our problem has been to record without prejudice or preference several different types of speech used

by

and cultivated Americans

in widely separated backgrounds of tradition and culture. Here let it be emphasized once for all that we have no prejudice whatever either for or against any of these varieties of American speech. As the book is completed, we are keenly aware that only a beginning has been made, subject to later supplementation by other students of the field. On the whole, Southern speech has in the past received least attention. If we have failed to do it the full justice that was our intention, our failure must be laid in part to conflicting testimony, but mainly to the fact that this field has still largely to be investigated. It was originally intended to include Canadian speech as one of the main regional divisions. A number of questionnaires were sent to Canada, and some correspondents took pains to send us excellent material (see acknowledgments below). The material was not, however, extensive enough to warrant full record of Canadian pronunciation, so that we have had to content ourselves with occasional references thereto. See mention of some Canadian variants (§118).

large bodies of educated

areas

and with markedly

The scope

of this

work

different

is

limited. It

the study of American dialects.

is

not'intended as a source book for

That work

is

being done by the Linguistic

Atlas of the United States and Canada. ItJsjmr-ainxio^record cmljr what is rather_va^fily: called slandard speech (see further. Introduction, §§1-2,

57-58, 76, 90). It

is

not our purpose even to try to exhaust that

field.

we have omitted many "good" pronunciations. Many provided for in the Introduction by the lists of variants not

Almost

certainly

of these

are

fully re-

corded in the vocabulary (§§90 ff.). Recent studies and records of American speech have made it clear that there exists far greater variety than was formerly supposed in the speech of Americans of unquestioned cultivation (v)

.

-

;

Preface

vi

and importance.

Considering the actual facts of contemporary American

pronunciation, the editors feel that on the whole they have been conservative in the variety recorded.

The vocabulary in use in

is

America.

common words many somewhat unusual

intended to include the great body of Besides,

it

includes a great

words, inserted for a variety of reasons. Especial attention has been given

American proper names, though an exhaustive treatment of these is far beyond the scope of this work. The editors have had in mind the needs of college and university students, and have therefore included many names of history and literature likely to be encountered by them, as well as a large number of notes on various aspects of the English language. While foreign names are, strictly, outside the scope of a dictionary of American English, it is impossible to avoid including many often heard and used by Americans. The field of British place and personal names, tempting to one interested in pronunciation, has been little entered. A few of general interest must be included, and a considerable number of names of places in England whose pronunciation was verified locally by one of the editors have been inserted. Many of these names are of historical and traditional interest to Americans, and a great number have been transferred to Amerto

\

ica.

_Ag in_all trustworthy djctioaagiesj t he edi t ors have-endeavored to base the pronunciatiQrLS--an-a€-tual G^iltivated usage. No other standard has, in point of fact, ever finally settled pronunciation. This book can be taken as

we have succeeded in doing According to this standard, no words are, as often said, "almost universally mispronounced," for that is self-contradictory. For an editor the temptation is often strong to prefer what he thinks "ought to be" the a safe guide to pronunciation only insofar as this.

right pronunciation; but it has to be resisted. For example, on etymological grounds the word dahlia "ought to be" 'dalja; by traditional Anglicizing habits of English it should be Melja (as it is in England and often in Canada)

as a fact, in

America

it is

prevailingly ^daelja. In this case the variants are

current enough to allow free choice; but in "right" pronunciation of a word

is

many

cases the theoretically

not even current.

In a work of this sort

it is unavoidable to adopt certain devices to save These are explained in the Introduction (§§59 ff.). If the reader is now and then annoyed by these, he is asked to reflect that this makes possible the inclusion of far more material than would otherwise be possible, and on the whole makes this material easier for the reader to find.

space.

A

question naturally arises as to the relation of this work to the other

by G. & C. Merriam Company. This book is pubon a different basis from their other publications. For this book they act only as publishers and distributors, without editorial supervision. The Merriam Company is in no way responsible for any statements made in this book. That responsibility rests solely on the two authors.

dictionaries published lished

\

Preface

The purpose

of this dictionary

able extent

is

Even the

solely wi th pr onunciation;

by that purpose;

vii

quite

new

in

America.

F irst,

for example, certain proper

names

problem

But the is

some

in-

between

this

and the other Merriam

dictionaries

a dictiomiyLJiLcoliQquiaLEnglish, of the evejyday uncon-

is

^

in their pronunciation.

chief difference

that this

dea ls

of persons

or places are selected, not for their intrinsic importance, but for terest or

it

entries are determined to a consider-

scious speechjoiLoiltivaied^xeople

—

of those in

every community

who

carry

\

onTthe affairs and set the social and educational standards of those communities.

New

Webster's

International Dictionary, Second Edition (In-

its purpose in regard to pronunciation: "In this edition, the style adopted for representation is that of formal platform speech— and this must be clearly remembered by consultants of the pronunciations here given. The omission of less precise pronunciations of familiar words does not, of course, indicate either that those pronunciations do not exist or that the editors of the dictionary refuse to recognize them. They do exist, and very naturally so when the occasion The recording of all such colloquial pronunciations of every suits. separate word is not, however, possible m such a Dictionary as the New International. .^ TlTPj^roniinriaiixmA-cxmiainpH in thigJjjrtjrvnaTy are not

troduction, p.

.

.

xii)

thus defines

.

.

t heore tical.

.

They,repr£sent_a£tual_spe££h

of English, speaking formally

—the

speech of cultivated users

with a view to being completely understood

by their hearers."

On

the other hand, the pronunciation which the present editors intend

to represent in this

book

speech of well-bred ease"

is

what has been

—not

called "easy English," "the

\.,

\

slovenly or careless speech, nor, on the

other hand, formal platform speech. Of course the great majority of English

words are pronounced

alike in colloquial

and

in formal speech,

and much

the largest part of the vocabulary will be found to have the same pro-

nunciations in both books, and a large part of the differences will be the differences

between colloquial and formal pronunciation.

(For fuller dis-

cussion of the term colloquial, see Introduction, §§1-2.)

The New

International does not attempt to represent the pronunciation words as they occur in connected speech. The editors state, "It would be impossible, even were it desirable, to attempt to record the pronunciation of 'running speech,' that is, of words as elements in connected spoken discourse. ..." The present book does not attempt to do this completely, could not, in fact, but in many instances does show modified pronunciations brought about by the phonetic effect of words on one another. Still more often the pronunciation of words as here indicated has been influenced, not so much by preceding or following sounds, as by rhythm, tempo, of

intonation, sense stress, etc. This will account for a goodly

two books. Another difference of aim lies

number

of dif-

ferences between the

in the scope of the

two works. The New

'\

.

.

Preface

viii

International avowedly includes the pronunciation "of

English-speaking world"

(p.

xii),

and puts

little

all

parts of the

emphasis on regional differ-

This book only occasionally and incidentally reprenon-American pronunciation of English, and represen ts as fu lly_as_piacticable the_main regional_differe nces in Americ a In some cases there are differences of accentuation that do not represent real inconsistencies. In the Guide to Pronunciation in the New International (p. xxxvi, col. 1) it is pointed out that a great many English words have no fixed accentuation, and that the accent shown in the vocabulary is merely one possible accentuation among others that may be equally correct. In this book, in some instances, the accentuation may depend on the colloquial character of the pronunciation. In some cases, too, differences of accentuation are due merely to a difference of practical policy. For instance, the New International, like many dictionaries, usually places no accent mark on a final third syllable though it may have secondary stress; thus the word calabash has only the first syllable marked, whereas in this book the mark of secondary accent is regularly placed on such words ('kielajbaej). This represents no difference of accentuation in the two books. but merely a difference of practice, both methods being quite defensible. ences within America. sents British or other

^

N?

The

New

editors_believe that jtMs. b ook

rnmp lprpfTit fp Wpf)!>.

This sound

§38. q.

is

does to

used only

made by a quick

is

position of

i

in

i.

j is

made by

Welsh {Llandudno

endings -ed

la, in this

{hid)

.

It

is

from the position

lips)

This

commonly heard

is

w

is

made by

the symbol

larly written lu,

noted by »

regularly heard as the

is

«

is

itself in

It

may

i

and (back)

u.

It

is

§44. oe. This

is

with is

first

element of the

common

The sound i is also common in the See the

-id, -iz, or -ad, -az.

not often used in the vocabulary.

as the final element of the ^American diphthong

the speech of

many who do German

u.

m

{fuse

The advanced sound

not use ih, but

de-

distin-

hiibsch hyp/, kiihi ky:n, or of

to

sound e

{rate)

German

i

{bid) or

i

{bee)

schon /oin or French peu p0.

with Ups rounded as for o

the low-front or lower mid-front rounded vowel heiire ce:r,

lips

who

ju, lu, a, §109.

be approximated by trying to pronounce

the mid-front rounded vowel of

is

^oensn or French

This

.

{too).

may be approximated by trying

there tJer, tJaer

f luz)

brad from brood brud. See Variants

dy:r.

with Ups rounded as for a

This

is

the high-front rounded vowel of

is

French lime lyn, dur

§45. Q

from the

not regularly used in the vocabulary, the diphthong la being regu-

heard by

also

This

{fuse

and the advanced h not being distinguished from

guish, for example, brewed

§43. 0.

lips)

a quick glide from the position

vowel resembling u but with the tongue advanced from the position for

It represents a

§42. y.

for y to a follow-

a quick glide (with unrounded

they are not pronounced either

{stated), -es {glasses) if

ending -ed in the vocabulary. This symbol

I,

pronounced

This represents a vowel made with the tongue retracted somewhat from the lower

book written lu

Like

j

4-an'didno).

i

tt.

and bears the

An example of q is seen in French finance nqa:s.

American diphthong

§41.

It is nearly equivalent to

rounded

glide (with

high-front position for ordinary

fiHz).

(J,

in the vocabulary.

This represents a vowel sound about midway between (front)

i.

common §40.

the voiceless counterpart of

French words.

in

to a following vowel, or as the glide

to a following vowel.

§39.

is

For an example, see whew

v.

being the glide, or semivowel, corresponding to the front rounded vowel y

lips,

(§42 below). It

^

ing vowel, just as the glide semivowel

u.

emphatic utter-

breath with open mouth. The glottal

occurs chiefly in Spanish words (Habana a'^ana).

relation to f that

with rounded

u

never distinguishes

clear,

the upper lip replaces the upper teeth, the voiced breath passing out with friction between

the slightly separated

for

in English (it

a vowel in English in

glottis as in holding the

§36. p. This is the voiced bilabial fricative. in

sound

distinctive speech

It often occurs before

alike).

and may be approximated by trying

rounded as

to

It

{go)

of

German kmnen

pronounce 8 or

ae of

for d {wall).

the symbol for an o sound intermediate between o {go) and a {wall). Cf. §98.

§46.

may

Sense Stress

Stress, Accent,

xxiv

This

b'.

a kind of a sound with the tongue pushed farther forward than in

is

be approximated by sounding a {sun) with hps rounded as for

sound of French "short o"

in cotte

denote this French vowel.

The symbol

shown

short 0,"

in the

kb't,

symbol being regularly used

this b'

o {wall).

is

It

in the

also used to denote the so-called

vocabulary to

"New England

vocabulary for certain words that usually have the vowel o

many

which, according to Grandgent, are also pronounced with b by

It

-wall.

nearly the

is

{go),

but

cultivated speakers in

New England. The French

§47.

nasalized vowels

vowel sounds

a, o, 6e are, respectively, the

x.,

a, o, oe

ae,

pronounced with the nasal passage open to the throat, the velum being lowered as when breathing through nose and

mouth

dent to practical transcription, as

& and o sounds, and are here

«

In works on French phonetics, for reasons

together.

is

usually written e, and o written

3,

inci-

but they are described

so represented.

STRESS, ACCENT, SENSE STRESS §48. Stress

nence

is

is

the general term for prominence of a sound or syllable, whether that promi-

produced by force of utterance, by pitch, by duration

some combination

Accent

of these elements.

is

syllable over others in a plurisyllable (word of

of sound, or (as usuall}') b}'

the specific term for the prominence of one

more than one

syllable), as practice 'praektis,

remain ri'men, element 'ebniant. Monosyllables therefore have no accent in §49. Sense stress, or sentence stress, is the

—phrase,

group that makes sense

can show sense stress of monosyllables plurisyllables

always

falls

on

The farmer

clause, or sentence; as

Here the marked words have more sense

this sense.

prominence of certain words among others in a

stress

than the urmiarked

dis^ posed of

the, of, his.

Ms

^holdings.

The same marks

The sense

{TJie htian has ^gone to his ^house).

stress of

their accented syllables.

In the vocabulary every word of more than one syllable has a primary accent mark in the pronunciation {clothing 'kloSig, amiss a'mis, variant Veriant, preceding pri'sidig, inflected in'flektid).

Some words have

when two

two,

syllables are nearly or quite equal {redheaded

Ved'hedid). §50. Syllables

more prominent than one or more others in a word, but less prominent than the

strongest one in the word, have

indicated

by

some degree

the secondary accent

mark

(i ),

of subordinate accent,

which

may

or

may not

as hesitate 'hez3jtet, hesitation jliEza'tejan.

be

Since

subordinate accent varies from nearly the weakest to nearly the strongest in words where

it

can occur, and varies moreover with innumerable styles of speech, no dictionary can accurately

mark

all instances.

Secondary accent

is

Hence the use usually

of secondary accent

marked

in

marks here

is

largely conventional.

words with a clear rhythmical alternation

of accents

{satisfy 'saetiSifai, satisfaction jsaetis'faekjan), or

when

compound words whose

as separate words {horseplay 'harsjple), and

parts are also well

known

adjacent to the chief accent in

it is

wherever needed to make the whole accentuation clearer {Winchester ^win^tjEsta^;

Gambia and Gambier §51.

in the vocabulary).

In the vocabulary certain monosyllables that have var>'ing sense

with primary and secondary accents beside forms without accent, to show stressed in connected speech.

Thus

cf also

Cf §19.

his in its stressed forms

is

marked

stress are

marked

how they would

'hiz, jhiz, as

be

they might

Sense Stress

Stress, Accent, occur in This

is his jSis iz 'hiz

or His friend was gone jhiz 'frend

stressed form, as in / met his father ai 'met iz

In words where a syllabic

§52.

vowel

n

or

1

waz

'g3n,

by the

side of its un-

'fatJa^.

by an accented

followed

syllable beginning with a

(ventilation jventl'e/an, ventilate Vent|jet, ordination jordn'efan, ordinary brdrijEri), the

accent

mark

imply that

1

placed after the

is

or

n

is

or n, for

1

accented, which

indicate that part of the

or n

1

may

would be

it

'lefan, jVEnta'lefan, jordi'ne/an,

in

in a

or a sndden need 'sAdn'nid.

little late 'litl'let

1

or n, which

nevertheless, not so long as

is,

such words by ignoring the

1

and transcribing

or n

11

or

jventi-

prda'ne/an, but to assume that such pronunciations are more

usual in cultivated colloquial speech if

Stetson's laboratory findings

as jventl'ejan, prdn'ejan, but with the understanding

be within the

The problem may be evaded

seldom

placed before (jvent'le/an, prd'nefan), this would

may be carried over to the following syllable, but without being so

markedly doubled or lengthened as

that the syllable division

if

impossible in English.

is

Hence the accentuation must be shown

nn.

is

xxv

merely to shut our eyes to the

is

facts.

(Syllabic

m or g

ever occurs in such situations.)

§53. Shifting accent

is

often seen in such

compound

thus marked with the normal accentuation of the word

When

catively as in He's rather high-strung. {high-strung nerves), the second accent

New

see Webster^s

reduced

is

xxxv

International, pp.

this is

f.,

adjectives as high-strung 'hai'strAg,

when spoken

alone or

{^high- ^strung ^nerves).

§66.

when used

predi-

immediately followed by a strong stress

The rhythmic

For

fuller discussion,

factor involved sometimes

brings about permanent changes of accent. Certain adjectives (as cold-blooded) occurring often in the attributive position

{^ cold-, blooded

^man)

may become

the attributive use, so that some speakers always say ^cold- flooded)

method

of

,

where others would say

showing

are subject to the Hribes.

Many

same

shift

when

followed

by a strong

accent, as Shaw^nee but ^Shaw^nee

made emphatic, they

Most adverbs

,absoHutely, ,neces^sarily, ,ordVnarily.

When

brought about by emphasis.

hrdi,narily are

of this type

say firdi^narily, ^neces^sarily under

which means that

is

usually

all

shown

this accentuation

circumstances, even

when

such adverbs as

are likely to be accented

show

this

can English, and in some cases this accentuation has become generalized;

shifted accentuation

For the

shifts are given in the vocabulary.

of shift in accent is

^neces^sarily,

Qcold- flooded ^man, He's

^man, but He's ^cold-^blooded.

vocabulary see §54(2). Other words than compound adjectives

examples of these

Another type ^absofutely,

this in the

^cold- filooded

generalized with the accent of

^cold-, blooded

tendency in Amerii.e.,

many

speakers

these are not emphatic.

The

in the vocabulary thus: "esp. if emphatic jueces'sarily,"

may

occur at any time, and

is

especially apt to occur

under emphasis.

words as afiodehnician,

finastig-

^impenetra^bility, ,incompre^hensible, {incorpo^reity, inJerVority,

where in

Shifting or variable secondary accent often occurs in such hnatic, ^impecca^bility

,

longer words the secondary accent precedes the primary.

Here, in actual speech, such alterna-

tive accentuations as afiode^mician or flcade^mician,

flmpenetra^bility or im,penetra^bility,

injerihrity or ,inferihrity are very

pronunciations, but chiefly

show the

common, and do not represent more and effect of

less desirable

varying sense stress, emphasis, speech rhythm

semantic distinctions, and other constantly varying factors of connected speech, so that in

many

such instances the question which accentuation

§54. In the vocabulary, accent

is

preferable

is

irrelevant.

See also §57.

marks are sometimes used on words in ordinary spelHng

— Length of Vowels

xxvi

roman type) when

(lightface

desired to

bols, there is

added

+ 'heart 'sore," which means, "Besides

"ace/

the following different accentuation

As

(2)

show only the accentuation,

after a pronuncia-

and accent

at the entry heartsore, where, after the pronunciation

As

(1)

it is

This occurs chiefly in two ways:

tion already given.

is

sym-

also current."

form

at the entry cloven-footed, a

in phonetic

the accentuation just given,

in ordinary spelling

with accent marks

is

added

in

parentheses to show a different accentuation from that already given, especially a shifted

accentuation (§53). Thus the basic accentuation

is

shown

but in the attributive construction the accent on -'futid

and

syllable,

same device

shown by the phrase

this is is

is

in the

pronunciation 'klovan'futid,

reduced before a following stressed

Thus

used to illustrate or confirm the accentuation just given.

and pronunciation week-end,

adj,

rhythm confirms the accentuation illustrates the shift in accent

Less usually the

in parentheses ('cloven-^footed 'ox).

Vik'End, the

first

example

after the entry

in parentheses

just given ('week-'end /party),

by

speech

its

and the second example

due to a different speech rhythm ('week-^end

The

'trip).

reader

can usually confirm the instances of level-stress accentuation by putting the entry word into a phrase with predicate construction, as The ox is ^cloven-footed. Since

it is

impossible in the vocabulary to give such examples of variant accentuation at

every entry where given that

In

it

it

would be appropriate,

can occur

cases where accent

all

and no other feature

it is

to be understood

from the occasional examples

in all similar cases.

marks are used with

of pronunciation,

lightface

roman

type, only accentuation,

referred to.

is

LENGTH OF VOWELS §55.

As a

cases in is,

is

time length, or duration, of vowels significant

used to distinguish from each other words otherwise

there,

some speakers distinguishing

very veri

In the

by

a longer

Jtalve

from have haev by a longer

ae,

or vary V8:n from

e.

by a longer

ka:t from cot kat

words

which r has been dropped

ES

sound, as farm farm; of this kind

when a

or a

farm,

is

there the length

mark

used with a and

a.

On

is

called "short z"

(i)

between "short a"

and

this is therefore

E + fa:m. The

length sign

is

way

of

marking

sometimes omitted in longer words

noticeably shorter, as in impartiality jimpar'/aebti; r in

not needed; as fear

ES are fir;

is

used,

it

ES

followed by a fia(r,

(ia, la,

ES

jimpa'/aebti.

£3, aea, aa, oa, ua, ua),

and the length colon

is

therefore only

invariably indicates time length, or duration, not vowel

and therefore has nothing

and "long

(ae)

a convenient

a or a with a resultant lengthening of the vowel

the use of aa in such words see Variants §96.

the length sign

quality, or tamber,

a,

after

Since the other vowels before a silent

When

hae:v

— that

Instances are found here and

alike.

E and S, however, some speakers distinguish certain classes of words by vowel length;

e.g., cart

in

In few

rule the length of English vowels is not indicated in the vocabulary.

American English as a whole

i" (ai), or

and "long a"

to

do with such distinctions as between

between "short

ii,"

(a)

and "long «"

so-

(ju or lu), or

(e), etc.

In cases Hke Aachen 'akan, 'axan {Ger 'a:xan), in which the vowel a

is

marked long

in the

Order of Variant Pronunciations foreign pronunciation (where length

not necessarily its

length

is

mean

is

significant)

that the English vowel

no importance, and hence

of

is

but

left

xxvii

unmarked

in the English, this does

shorter than the foreign one, but merely that

not indicated.

is

SINGLE AND DOUBLE CONSONANTS In reading the pronunciations the consultant should give particular attention to single

§56.

and double consonants. In ordinary

{coaUail) or

when

suffixes are

and not always then

doubled letters in English words commonly repre-

spelling,

sent only single sounds {happy 'haepi,

added

manner

'maena', goodness 'gudnis)

Strict

{laterally 'laetarali).

one sound; two symbols, two sounds. See

§3,

heed must be paid to the rule

In some foreign pronunciations added to compare with the English

In Italian when

.

'tjini,

but It

comes

Its {Tetrazzini

put't/iini),

t/,

ds,

jtetra'zini,

but It

compounds

—one symbol,

ts,

(esp. Italian) this

sound (jmanta'sslo), but in Italian

1

dz are doubled,

tj"

^tetrat'tsiini),

must it

has

becomes ttf {Puccini Eng pu-

d^ becomes dds {Maggiore Eng ma'dsori, but

Eng

in

('kot^tel, 'einnis),

2d paragraph.

be watched; thus in English, Monticello has but one

two (jmonti't/eMo)

Only

.

sounds really doubled

{thinness) are the

mad'd3o:re), ts be-

It

dz becomes ddz {mezzo

Eng

'niEdzo,

but It 'meddzo).

THE ORDER OF VARIANT PRONUNCIATIONS §57.

For words that are

to be the

in general colloquial use

most usual colloquial pronunciation. But

importance should be given to the order. For

it is

it is

it

intended to give

In numerous cases

grounds that one pronunciation given nunciation of

swamp

is

—

to give

'liv3',

and

so on.

is

it is

is

believed

none that need be

3'et

they can be

impossible to maintain on any solid

"better" than another, as, for example, that one prois

either better or worse

bg than

lag or Ing, Ueva^ than

better than the others given; that ker for care

than kaer; that 'kagkwest

is

In a very large number of instances the different pro-

nunciations of a word are of approximately equal frequency and validity, and printed only in successive order.

what

our purpose to give (unless otherwise indi-

cated) only pronunciations that are in general cultivated use

avoided as incorrect or substandard.

first

must be emphasized that not too much

better or worse than 'kankwest,

Often, too, the variants given represent only differences of colloquial style,

depending on occasion, speed, degree of informality,

etc.,

and having no bearing on the ques-

tion of correctness. §58.

tions

that

Where

statistics indicate relative frequency, this

might change the order. all

words

consistently.

has been recorded; but fuUer

Statistics at present available are often

of a given phonetic or historical class (as the

But that

guistic Atlas of

New

is

not always true.

A proof

of this is

collec-

based on the assumption

"ask" words) will be pronounced

found in the records of the Lin-

England, which show that some words that might be expected to have the

vowel sound a or a (where British prevailingly has a) are seldom heard with a or a while others of the same group often or prevailingly have a or

(as answer),

d"{a.s calf, half, aunt).

—

—

DIRECTIONS FOR USE READING THE ENTRIES AND PRONUNCIATIONS Each

§59.

entry

head word

entry, or article, in the vocabulary begins with a

by

type, followed without punctuation

roman

in lightface

The

the pronunciation in boldface.'

simplest form of

is

bequest bi'kwEst with no derivatives and no variant pronunciations. pronunciation thus indicated

is

If the

word with the same

found as a proper name (whether or not

also

it is

spelling

the same word),

it is

and

usually

:

C-

clarion,

which means that

clarion

'klaerian

and Clarion are pronounced

alike.

The proper name may be entered

first:—

Cologne,

ka'lon

c-

which means that Cologne and cologne are pronounced ahke. entry has a current variant spelling, that

If the

is

entered in

would be very near, or has a bearing on the pronunciation,

it

same

entry.

Words

alternatively spelt

-tre

its

in

alphabetical order, unless

which case

it is

given at the

however, always found with those in

are,

-ter

{center).

In the large group of words

like travel{l)ed, the optional

second

/ is

disregarded.

WORDS LISTED UNDER HEAD WORDS §60. If a

word

is

not found in alphabetical order,

ously related head word.

Thus many adverbs

it is

to be looked for

under some obvi-

be found with the corresponding adjectives;

will

as,

holy

'holi Iholily

'hobh,

-lili

This method permits the inclusion of far more words than would otherwise be possible.

word has variant pronunciations not dependent on

§61. If a

commas

locality,

they are separated by

:

every

'evri, 'evari

defect di'ftkt, 'dif£kt §62.

Commonly,

to

show such variants only the part that

senting such fragments of spelling or pronunciation the

intended.

is

Thus

varies

is

repeated.

hyphen shows which part

de- is the first part, -min- a middle part,

and

-a7it

a

In repre-

of the

final part.

word

For ex-

ample,

logwood 'bgjwud,

By adding

'lag-, 'log-

the omitted part (here shown in parentheses) to each fragment

we

get 'lag(jwud),

'lDg((Wud) as the 2d and 3d variants.

midday

By

adding the omitted part, with

its

'mid^de, -'de

accent, to the fragment,

we

get ('mid)'de for the 2d

variant.

Lofthouse 'bftas, 3

'loft-,

-^haus

'

In the vocabulary all spelling forms (except catchwords) are printed in light roman type, all pronunciations in and explanatory matter in italic (except the regional labels E, S, N, etc.). In the solid print of the Intro-

boldface,

duction, italic has to be used for spelling forms (as in general usage); but there also, their pronunciations are set off

by themselves,

when

these follow the typography of the vocabulary.

spelling forms with

Directions for Use

Adding the omitted part to each fragment, we get 2d, 3d,

and 4th

xxix

'lDft(3s), ('bft)ihaus, ('lDft)^haus as

the

variants.

Naomi Adding the omitted parts (ne'o)m3, six variants in

'neajmai, ne'omai, -mi,

all.

Nazareth

Adding the omitted

-ma

two fragments, we get ('ne3)mi, ('ne3)m3, (ne'o)mi,

in turn to the

we

parts,

'naezaraO, -riB, 'naezr-

get, besides the first full pronunciation, ('naez3)ne, 'naezr(36),

'naezr(i6).

ONE ENTRY INCLUDING DIFFERENT WORDS When more

§63.

than one spelling appears at the same entry with the same pronunciation,

same word

these spellings are not necessarily of the

the

word

words

angle includes all the

or part of speech, especially in proper

may represent two or more words spelt and sounded alike. Thus

names. Likewise a single entry

—nouns, verbs,

When

with the same pronunciation.

to be fitted only to the appropriate

etc.,

with their different meanings but

all

derivative or inflectional endings are added, they are

meanings or parts of speech, but

this does not affect the

Thus under

pronunciation, and usually need not concern the reader.

angle the form angled

can be the adjective formed from the noun {unde-angled) or the past or past participle of the verb {h-e

-es

{it

angled

off),

and the form angling can be the adjective {an angling

is angling with flies), or the

may

be that

of the plural of the

be noun or verb, the ending ticiple or of

may

noun

-es

{the

noun

angling was good).

path), the participle

At the &ntiy instance the ending At

or the 3 sg of the verb.

the plural or 3 sg, the ending -ed

intelligence the entry

may

the "apparent participle," the adjective formed from the noun.

be a noun, a verb in the present tense, or the past of the verb

may

be that of the past par-

The entry

slew

slay.

LABELS FOR PARTS OF SPEECH §64.

Only when it concerns the pronunciation are these

there might be doubt whether the various uses of the

labels added, or in a

few cases where

word had the same pronunciation.

DEFINITIONS §65. Instead of labels for parts of speech, frequently definitions are

never

full,

and are used only

to identify the word.

planatory identification that does not define

is

appended.

These are

Definitions are in quotation marks.

Ex-

without quotation marks.

GEOGRAPHICAL AND LINGUISTIC LABELS §66. Geographical labels are often

personal

names

etc., refer

Lodi

When

to place

names

The

to indicate the location, or to

Hnguistic abbreviations Fr, Sp, Ger,

to the pronunciation; thus

means that the various Lodi's nounced

appended

to indicate residence or nationality.

in

American EngHsh

the linguistic labels

only the foreign pronunciation

US

'lodai; Italy Uodi (7^ 'b:dl)

in the

'lodi; It,

is

US

are pronounced 'lodai; that Lodi in Italy

and that the ItaKan pronunciation

Fr, etc., precede the first pronunciation, this

given; as,

voyageur Fr vwaja'soerr

is

pro-

is 'bidi.

means that

—

—

—

—

Directions for Use

XXX

THE VERTICAL BAR AND THE ADDITION OF INFLECTIONAL AND DERIVATIVE ENDINGS The

§67.

show the uses

following examples

of the vertical bar:

press pr£S [presses V^esiz [pressed prest

Here the

bar, in its simplest use,

followed in each case by a

is

new

spelling

form

roman

in

t}-pi

with corresponding pronunciation in boldface. finish 'finij [-es -iz |-ed -t

Here, after the

fragment spelling

form

It

roman, boldface

to

when

forms before the

the

to

first

The

bar.

mediately preceding forms in

Hyphenated words

its

corresponding pronunciatio

the spelling fragment (-iz) to

Add

the

to the

first

to the

(-es)

fir;

pronunciation fon

head forms before the

fir;

boldface.

entry does not end in

first

with

(-es)

Add

important to add each fragment (speUing to

tion) to the -bli

is.

so after the next bar (finish-ed 'fini/-t).

and add roman is

combining

rule for

and the pronunciation fragment

(finish-es)

and

('fmi/-iz);

bar,

The simple

(-iz).

fragment

bar, follows a spelHng

first

spelling,

and pronunciation

sole exception to this

is

In that case -hly -bb are

-hie -bl.

to pronuncic

the adverb ending

-hi

fitted to the in

See -hly in the vocabulary'.

-hie -bl.

are never thus divided after a bar, but are separately entered as hea

words, to avoid confusing the compounding hyphen with that which separates the fragments §68.

When

the

word

first

in a vocabulary entry

(with the exception noted in §51), as

the bar (|) thus,

§69.

There

no

is

given, as in the

entries

is

a monosyllable, no accent mark

But when one

set set \-back -;baek \-ting -ig,

and the

plurisyllables,

set set.

or

more

syllables are

use afte

then primary accent must be assumed on th

must be read thus:

significance in the fact that

set set

sometimes

\sethack full

'set^baek \setting 'sEtig.

forms of the derivatives

example, and sometimes fragments, as in the second.

first

is

added

The

ar

editors hav

not sought mere mechanical uniformity, owing to considerations of time, of space, and

They have sought only

other disturbing factors. casional full forms

may help

§70. It should be

with

its spelling

to

make

to

make each

article clear in itself.

The

the abbreviated ones clearer.

noted that a pronunciation fragment need not correspond letter for

fragment

c

oc

lette

:

inflate in'flet [-d -id

Here, adding

spelling -d to spelling inflate gives infl.ated,

pronunciation

in'flet gives in'fletid.

and adding pronunciation

-id t

See next example also.

Often, for greater clearness, more than a

minimum fragment

of pronunciation

is

given

:

flatten 'flaetn |-ed -d |-ing 'flaetnig, -tnig

This

is

show

to

iha.t flattening is

pronounced either

Likewise the frequent adverb ending -ically

is

symmetric si'metrik

Here the clearer

by

last

-ikli

Some added in the first e of

two pronunciations are

letters

may

may be

silent,

:

|-al -1 |-ally -Ii, -ikli

si'metrik-l-i, si'mstrik-li, the last

than by -h alone, though

entry

'flaet-n-ig (3 syls.) or 'flaet-nig (2 syls.'

thus shown

-Ii

would be

being

made

a

littl

strictly correct.

as in bar bar \-red -d, where -re- are silent; or letters silen

represent sounds in the addition, as rogue rog

rogue represents a in roguery 'rogari.

\-ry

-an, where the

silen

—

—

.

Directions for Use §71.

Observe cases

like

abut a'bAt

where addition of

-ted

doubles the letter total

where addition

Thus when fragment

of -ly doubles the letter

/

/

|-ted -id

(abutted) but not the sound -d

'toti |-ed

it is

to be doubled

(i.e.,

is

t

(a'bAtid); or like

|-ly -i

but not the sound

(totally)

the final letter of the spelling entry

(total [-ly),

xxxi

('totji).

I

the same as the

the fragment

is

added

first letter of

regularly).

the spelhng

So, too,

when

pronunciation ends with the same sound that begins the pronunciation fragment,

the

first

this

sound also

to be doubled; as,

is

foreign 'farm, 'far-, 'for-, -an |-ness -nis

This all

to be

is

expanded into

symbols;

'farinnis, 'farinnis, 'forinnis, 'farannis, 'farannis, 'foranms, in

Whenever space

cases with double n.

allows, such doubled sounds are

shown by doubled

as,

thin 8in [thinned 6ind J-ness 'Oinnis

exceptions to this rule for doubling are such as to give no trouble.

The few

one consists of words ending in

truth true in

[-'s

-6s |-ths

-?fz,

usual

-Os

which the expanded forms are obviously not truGOs and

trutSz or truGs, since the

The most

-th; as,

combinations GGs and

G?iz

but truGs and

truGtJz or truGGs,

do not occur

in English.

CUTTING BACK There

§72.

rectly to the

are,

however, a great

many words

in

which the fragments cannot be added

di-

head words: suspicion sa'spijan |-cious -Jas

Here, in order to letter

make

the proper junction of the spelling fragment,

near the end of the head word to begin the fragment. This

we cut

the spelling -don and replace

off

it

we

take in some

"cutting back."

;

and replace them with

Cutting back and direct addition are often used in the same word

prude prud -isli

we must

with -cious (suspi-cious) and likewise cut

the head pronunciation the corresponding sounds -Jan,

Since

call

off

Thus from

-/as (sa'spi-Jas).

:

|-dish -if

cannot be added to pnide, we take in the d and add -dish (pru-dish) then, since to ;

add the pronunciation -dij

to

prud would wrongly give 'pruddij, we simply add

-ij"

directly

toprud('prudij). Similarly, in

negative 'negativ

where -d and -d are added -jvizam)

A wise

is

directly

added

directly, -vism

[-d

-d [-vism -jizam

has to be cut back (negati-vism), and -jzam (not

to 'negativ ('negativjzam).

"cutback" must always take in more than the it

would be taken as a

final letter of the

entry form, for other-

direct addition with doubling of the final letter or

exception above at truth, at the end of §71). §73. In

adding

sufl&xes certain

famiHar changes are made, as of -y to

quarry 'kwari

[-ied -d, i.e.,

-i; as,

quarried 'kwarid

or of/ to v; as in

housewife 'haus^waif |-ves -vz,

where

-ves

and -vz are not

i.e.,

housewives 'haus^waivz

directly added, but replace -fe

and

f

sound

(see the

—

—

—

•

Directions for Use

xxxii

LISTING OF VERB FORMS When

§74.

the past tense and the past participle of strong ("irregular") verbs are given,

the past regularly follows the labels

bar,

first

and the past

participle the second bar, usually without

:

drive draiv |drove drov [driven 'drivan sing sig |sang saeg or sung saq [sung SAg

When

such verbs end in sibilants, the 3 sg pres precedes the past and pptc: choose t/uz

If the past

and pptc are

alike,

|-s

-iz

|

—

chose tjbz chosen 'tjbzn |

they are given but once: shine

/am

|

shone /on

stand staend [stood stud fight fait [fought f3t

The

§75.

by a

bar, not followed

spelling form,

is

sometimes used at the end of an

separate an added item from the immediately preceding one, and to imply the whole article

its

article to

application to

:

road rod

[-ed -id; [iV£«.gJ+rb"d

THE MAIN REGIONAL DIVISIONS For indicating American regional pronunciations the well-known division into three

§76.

regions

followed, the East (E), the South (S), and, for

is

(N). Geographically the East includes

New York

The South

east of the Connecticut River.

City

want

(NYC) and

includes Virginia,

of a better term, the

environs,

North

and New England

North Carolina, South Carolina,

Tennessee, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, and parts of

Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Oklahoma. The North includes the In the use of the terms E,

S,

N, certain modifications must be kept

in

US.

rest of the

mind. The speech of

the S differs markedly in the more northerly parts from that in the more southerly ones, and (partly coinciding with this) in the

more inland regions from that

features labeled S are therefore not equally applicable to

Owing

to

movements

of population,

viduals and often considerable groups

the

N. The same

is

and probably in the S

true in the E, especially

In

Certain

in the coastal ones.

of the S.

also to the schools,

speak a

NYC.

all

innumerable indi-

tj^pe virtuall}^ identical

NEngd

also,

and

with that of

in the southeastern

coastal regions, are certain "speech islands" having a similar type, perhaps preserved, isolation,

from a time when

it

was more

of speech in all the border areas

general.

by

Allowance must also be made for mixed types

between the main regions. The irregular use of the

r

sound

is

especially noticeable in the border areas. It

is

not the function of this dictionary to deal with these more irregular and exceptional

features,

—to make a dialect map

concern

is

if

you

will,

is

being done by the L.A.

Thus, when

Our

fiction,

noted that the pronunciations assigned to particular regions are regarded

onl}' as

the ones prevailing there. It

it is

That work

—sometliing of a

as all "standard" speech

It should be

N

of the country.

only with the main types of cultivated American English

it is

is.

unsafe to denj^ the existence of any pronunciation in any region.

is

indicated that in the S the

either 'glori or 'gbn,

it is

word

glory

is

pronounced

'glori,

while in the

not meant that 'gbri does not exist in the

S,

E and

but that ac-

—

—

Directions for Use

we have, 'gbn

cording to the evidence

said of the £

sound

Evidence does not show that the vowel £ in such words

there, etc.

The same

principle

is

/

with the N. The S

E and

the S being in the

sound before

r,

main

words as

air,

widespread in the

S.

the tendency to diphthongize

a"

the

such as the character of the

in certain groups of words, the "long e"

(ae)

many

is

alike in this respect in contrast

E by a number of features,

separated from the

ai diphthongs, the prevalence of "flat

and tempo

in such

of the three regions

most generally observed characteristic

sound, the is

is

to be applied to all regional pronunciations.

§77. Linguistically the

treatment of the

au and

not sufficiently frequent in the S to be recorded as a

is

The same may be

characteristic S pronunciation.

xxxiti

and many features

vowels,

of intonation

—none of them equally distributed over the S—features that enable the ordinary

observer to distinguish a Southerner from an Easterner, but not profitably recorded in a

work with the scope and purpose

all of

them conveniently or

of this.

INDICATION OF REGIONAL PRONUNCIATIONS and Southern

§78. In the vocabulary, the Eastern (E)

from the Northern (N) by semicolons. The pronunciations labels (E, ES, S,

N, EN,

etc.) are valid for all

(S)

pronunciations are separated

in entries that contain

the US, as delicious di'hjas.

no regional

When an entry US except

contains a regional label, the unlabeled pronunciations are valid everywhere in the in the regions designated; thus

glory

means that the

first

'glori,

'glori prevails; or, stated otherwise, 'glori 'glori is so of

'gbn; S

and 'gbn are

perform pa^'fann;

it is

except the

E

aircraft 'er^kraeft, 'aer-;

E

US

ES

only

pa'faam

and the S the pronunciation

regularly, for the

'ea-, '^ea-, -jkraft, -jkraft;

N, besides

we

'Er^kraeft,

'ae3|kraeft, 'eajkraft, 'aeajkraft, 'eajkraft, 'aea^kraft; for

Very often two regions (usually then usually separated only by

E

and

commas

S)

is

pa^'farm; in the

E

and

both

E and

S

N scarce

it is

the S, 'aeajkraeft. in

common. They

are

:

E

sk£3s,

ES

pronounced skers or skaers

is

S 'aea^kraeft

get 'aefjkrasft; for the E, 'sajkrieft,

have one or more variants

scarce skers, skaers;

This means that in the in

E and the N;

pa 'f 33m.

Combining

and

in the S; there only

characteristic of the

the S.

This means that in the the S

'glori

two pronunciations are both valid everywhere except

pronounced skaeas;

skaess ;

in the

E it is pronounced skeas, the E it is pronounced

or, stated otherwise, in

sktas or skaeas, while in the S only skaeas prevails. See also board,

ear,

premonitory (§80).

ACCENT AS A FACTOR IN COMBINING THE FORMS §79.

Only the forms that agree

in accent are to be

Carew For the

first

accentuation, besides ka'ru

besides 'keru and 'ke(ru)

we have

combined:

ka'ru, -'riu, 'keru, 'ke-, -riu, -ri

we have

(ka)'riu; for the second accentuation,

('k£)riu, ('ke)riu, ('kE)ri, ('ke)n.

empyreal Em'pinal, jEmpa'rial, -pai-

Here the

first

form cannot be combined with -pai- because

this is not accented, as is the corre-

— Directions for Use

xxxiv

sponding

Hence only the second form can combine with

-'pi-.

-pai-, thus: (i£in)pai('ri3l),

the unaccented -pai- replacing the unaccented -pa-. bifurcate v 'barfa'jket, bai'fs^ket;

Here the Eastern and Southern fragment found in

'barfa^^ket,

ES

'barfa-, -'faket, -'fyket

can combine only with the omitted part

'baifa-

with the same accent, thus: 'baifaC/ket). The

combined with the omitted part

two fragments must be

last

having the same accent, thus: (bai)'f3ket,

of bai'fyket,

(bai)'fyket. (For regional pronunciations see §§76-78.) -oas,

E+

which does not include the accent mark,

will

discourse n 'diskors, di'skors, -3rs;

Here the fragment

-ars,

ES

-aas fit

both of the

first

two

forms without disturbing their accents, thus: ('disk)3rs, (di'sk)3rs; and likewise the Eastern

and Southern fragments: ES

('disk)o9s, (di'sk)o3S, Eastern also ('disk)33s, (di'sk)D3s.

THE PLUS SIGN The

(+) means that

in addition to pronuncia-

tions already given, other designated pronunciations are to be heard

from cultivated speakers.

§80.

sign (+)

invariably to be read "also."

is

It

This sign does not imply that these additional pronunciations have inferior standing, or neces-

though we have not placed

sarily are less frequent,

before pronunciations

it

markedly in the majority. The following examples indicate the use hot hat This means that the word spelt hot are also

many

is,

E+

parts of the

all

cultivated speakers in the East

who

it is

is

is

pronounced

is

it

faest;

but that there are also

fast or fast.

ES

hoad,

E+

in the

North, but in the East and the South

boad,

in the East, in addition to

ear ir;

nounced ia(r, and

US

pronounced bord or bard

pronounced boad, and

This means that ear

hot.

it

fast, fast

usually pronounce

board bord, bard; This means that hoard

US, pronounced hat; but that there

and the South who usually pronounce

cultivated speakers in the East

This means that the woxAfast in

to be

ES + hot

in all regions of the

fast faest;

many

;

known

of the plus sign:

pronounced

ir in

ES

ia(r,

it is

also

pronounced baad.

£a(r

the North, but in the East and the South

in the South, in addition to ia(r,

premonitory pri'mana^ton,

Where, as here, the pronunciation after +

S+

baad

is

also

it is

-jtari;

S

pronounced

-itori,

a fragment,

it is

it is

pro-

£a(r.

ES + -'mnnto be taken as a pronunciation

additional to that of the corresponding parts of the preceding forms. In this example. Eastern has, besides the pronunciations pri'manajtori

pri'monaitori

and

-jtari;

and

which

-itari,

it

shares with the North, also

while Southern has, besides pri'manaitori (but not

-itari),

also

pri'mnnajtori. It is believed that

any other uses

the reader as they occur.

It

of the sign +,

if it

is

merely read "also,"

should be noted that a pronunciation with

+

will

be clear to

prefixed

is

never

the sole pronunciation of the word.

JOINING REGIONAL FRAGMENTS TO FIRST FORMS §81. In fitting fragments to fitted to the

forms before the

first

corresponding regional forms before the

woodwork Vud,wyk; ES 'wud^wsk,

bar, the regional fragments are to be

first

bar; as,

-^wa^k; |-er

-at-;

ES

-a(r

—

— Directions for Use Expanding the fragments

after the bar,

we

xxxv

get

woodworker Vud^wyka^; ES Vud^wskair, 'wudjW3'k9(r in

N fragment

which the unlabeled

the

ES fragment

For the meaning

of

unlabeled (N) pronunciation, and

fitted to the first

-9- is

two ES pronunciations.

-3(r is fitted to the first

see §82.

(r

LINKING r— THE MEANING OF When

§82.

pronunciations are thus indicated,

there tJe3(r, tJaeaCr,

fur

war W33(r, more mo3(r, poor pu3(r,

sounded and these words are pronounced

—

-3(r, -a:(r, -3(r

far

£3(1,

fa:(r, bitter 'bit3(r, Iiere hi3(r,

means that

this

(in

is, fa:, 'bita, hid, 'Sea, (Jaea,

E

the

and

vowel sound follows, either in the same word (by addition of an ending, as furry 'bitanst) or in a bitter

word that

The

end 'bitar end).

tinguished American:

When

effect of

over,

and

pause on linking

and

over,

and a vowel sound

needy pur an

is

it

This alternative

the r

added

is

Some

word (wore

ice

a vowel within a word §83.

In vocabulary

The rule is

observed. in the

E

and

S;

if it

moa

'leba(r

When

-ed -d

beside

N

the

the

entries,

'leba-rig.

ES

the -a(r

-a(r,

to be understood as replacing

is

pronounce linking

to

r

before an initial vowel of the

war ends hwen Sa waa endz). Omission of

when pronunciation fragments

'leba^;

ES

are added, the use of

'lebar or 'leba according as a

-ig is

N pronunciations are of the

When,

added, with

lows -a(r and therefore r

is

E

not heard in the

must be

is

sounded

and

S:

vowel sound immediately follows or not.

(e silent),

we

are to understand

vowel sound, then the r

its

is

ES

'lebad

sounded and

alike 'lebrirj or 'lebarig.

N in words -a^,

/amer

like labor 'leba^,

since there

as often, laboring

Likewise in the entry

is

(r

'leba(r; |-ed -d |-ing -brig, -barirj

added, being a consonant sound

but when -ing

r before

regarded as substandard.

is

is

no

when a vowel sound

significant difference

contracted, then vowel

'faeria^;

derivative farriery becomes 'faerian, which

is

ES

'faeri-a(r; \-y -i,

also right for the

a^

is

between

added

'leba^-ig

becomes consonant

r

the pronunciation of the

E and

S,

because a vowel

fol-

retained.

INTRUSIVE §85.

and

to a (hiar'in, hiar it iz, moar'ova, 'puarist,

begins with a consonant sound, the r

For the pronunciation

('lebrig).

therein

it iz,

:

{laboring 'lebarig), then -ar replaces

and

hir

it is

ais, poorest 'purist, poor

simple If the added fragment begins with a vowel sound, the r

means

'leba^d ;

ES and

§84.

is

fail

ais, wlien the

('ve-i for 'veri) is

labor

Here ES

mor

more moa(r,

pronunciation.

speakers, especially in the S,

following

'ovar a 'gen.

to be understood in all similar cases.

is

In such words as adjure a'dsur, a'dsiur;

N

and

'ova,

goz, moreover mor'ova, more ice

'nidi), or, less usually,

the final r of the

an

syllable, as in here hia(r, there SaeaCr,

added, then r either replaces a {lierein hir'in, here

goes Saer

'fsri, bitterest

wet, far away far a Ve,

tJa far iz

seen in the following utterance of a dis-

r is

over again 'ova,

same

-a(r follows a vowel in the

tJaer'in, tJiere it

etc.).

follows without pause {the fur is wet

S) r is not

waa, moa, pua unless a

Though not recorded

r

in the vocabulary, intrusive r

is

appropriately described here.

Following the regular habits of his speech a cultivated Easterner or Southerner might normally

pronounce dropping

it

straighter

and

straighter 'stretar

at the end. Following the

same

an

'streta,

habits, he

sounding

final r before

might pronounce

strata

the vowel and

on strata

'stretar

—

— :

Directions for Use

xxxvi

Dn

sounding

'streta, likewise

r before

Both procedures are un-

the vowel and not at the end.

conscious and phonetically natural.

When when

the final r

it is

spelt (slraiglder)

is

not spelt but

of intrusive r

among

is

ending in the sound -a Its use

Southerner said

tSis

it is

perhaps

It is

less

is

perhaps

who

The frequency

no longer a matter

is

to

show

it

said a 'greta

San 'dsonar

of

Words

than are those ending

less consistent than that of linking

'maeta iz 'difrant

called Linking r;

frequent in the S than in the E.

more apt

Victoria, sofa, idea) are

(

it is

called Intrusive r.

cultivated Easterners, Southerners, and British

doubt except to the uninformed.

other vowels.

and pronounced before a vowel

pronounced before a vowel,

in

The same educated

r.

iz hia.

WORD ELEMENTS OMITTED FROM THE VOCABULARY To

§86.

save space and relieve the reader from the distraction of needless information,

words having certain

with regular pronunciation are often omitted from the vocabu-

suffixes

lary; as those with -doi7t (heathendom), -Jwod (motherhood), -ish (darkish), -ment (announcement).

See §89.

The

§87.

words ending

in

of

a sibilant sound

and the possessive sound

The

nouns, the third person singular present indicative of verbs,

-(e)s plural of regular

and the possessive case ending

alike,

nouns are regularly omitted from the vocabulary, except for z,/, 3, t/, ds),

(s,

only one

is

where they are regularly given.

If the plural

given. If they differ, both are given (see house).

possessive plural of regular nouns, formed

by adding the apostrophe

(')

but no sound,

is

omitted.

Certain nouns ending in a s or z sound closely preceded by a s or z sound vary in current

usage in forming the possessive. Unfortunately some printing shops follow their

and do not always agree with others or with general usage. Current

this,

is set

New

forth in Webster's

International Dictionary, Second Edition, at the

and the present work follows

The

this,

own

rules in

literary usage in this

with a very few exceptions where usage

is

word

possessive,

divided.

following rules, fully illustrated, will enable the reader to form the regular plural of

nouns, the possessive case, and the third singular of verbs, in

all

cases where these are not

recorded in the vocabulary.

and Possessive Singular and the Third Singular Present of Verbs

§88. Pronunciation of the Plural

Rule

I.

Add

1.

when

the sound s

nant sounds

p,

k,

t,

noun or verb ends

in

any

Nouns

of the voiceless conso-

Examples follow:

Plural of nouns.

caps

kaep-s, gates get-s,

leaves livz, oath 06 2.

the stem of the

f, 6.

of

Possessives in

-'s

oaths

oaks oSz

follow the

ok-s, clijfs klif-s, growths gro6-s. will

same

Words

like leaf

lif

be found in the vocabulary. rule.

Philip's 'filap-s, Kate's ket-s, Isaac's 'aizak-s, Joseph's 'dsozaf-s, Edith's 'idi0-s. 3.

Third singular present indicatives follow

keeps Rule

II.

tlie

same

rule.

kip-s, gets get-s, looks luk-s, chafes tfei-s, froths fraO-s.

Add

the sound z

nant sounds b,

when

d, g, v,

tJ,

the stem of the

m,

n, 0,

1,

or in

noun or verb ends

any vowel sound

in

(all

any

of the voiced conso-

vowel sounds are voiced)

Directions for Use 1

xxxvii

Plural of nouns.

robes rob-z, beds btd-z, rogues rog-z, stoves stov-z, lathes leS-z, rims rim-z, bones bon-z, things Oig-z, balls bal-z; (vowels) seas

laws b-z, hoes ho-z, values papers 2.

'pepa'-z,

Possessives in

sofas

-'s

'sofa-z, ties tai-z,

follow the

si-z, citi-es 'siti-z,

Vaelju-z, s fives Su-z, furs fy-z, fs-z,

same

cows kau-z,

days

mas ma-z,

de-z,

bars bar-z (§26), ba:-z,

/oy-5 t3i-z, C2fe-5 kju-z, kiu-z.

rule.

Rob's rab-z, Adelaide's 'aedljed-z, Meg's meg-z, Olive's ^aliv-z, Blythe's blaitS-z, Tom's

tam-z, John's dsan-z, Harding's 'hardig-z. Will's wil-z; (vowels) Lee's

Ray's re-z, ma's ma-z, Esau's

^b£ti-z,

li-z,

Betty's

Joe's d3o-z, Andrew's 'aendru-z. Burr's

'isD-z,

by-z, b3-z, Wilbur's 'wilba'-z, Sarah's 'sera-z, Nye's nai-z, Howe's hau-z, Roy's rai-z,

Hugh's hju-z, biu-z. 3.

Third singular present indicatives follow the same

rubs rAb-z, hides haid-z, lags rAn-z, sings

siij-z, feels fil-z;

laeg-z,

rule.

saves sev-z, breathes briS-z, comes kAm-z, runs

(Rules I

&

II also apply to the pronunciation of

Plurals, possessives in

—the

63-z, tri-es

allows a'lau-z, employs im'pbi-Zj hews hju-z, hiu-z.

trai-z,

Rule III.

thaws

subpoenas sa'pina-z,

(vowels) sees si-z, piti-es 'piti-z, stays ste-z,

go-es go-z, woo-es wu-z, stirs sty-z, sts-z, scatters 'skaeta^-z,

-'s,

and

sibilants s, /, t/, z, 3, ds,

third singulars of

-'s,

the unstressed form of

is,

has.)

words ending in the remaining sounds,

—are regularly given

in the vocabulary.

These add the

syllable -iz or -az (for variation in the vowel, see -ed in the vocabulary) faces 'fes-iz, :

Nash's

^naef-iz, catch-es 'kaet/-iz,

noses

'noz-iz,

rouges

'rus-iz, George's 'dsards-iz.

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES TREATED IN THE VOCABULARY §89. Following

is

a

list

of

word elements,

chiefly initial or final,

many of which have

variant

pronunciations. These elements are treated in the vocabulary in alphabetical order.

Where they

are not found attached to head words in the vocabulary (as pridefiil, cf pride),

the reader can add their

them with

their pronunciations. If they are

head words, variant pronunciations not

found

listed at the full

in the

vocabulary with

word can be found by con-

sulting the separate element in the vocabulary, as, e.g., at goodness (see -ness) or at mate (see -ed).

-able

-edly

-hood

-age

-edness

i-,

-ally see -ically

em-

-ia

see en-

-i-

-ana

en-

-ial see -ia

-ate

-er

-ian see -ia

-ative

-es

-ible see -able

be-

-ese

-ically

-bly

-ess

-d see -ed

-est

-iel see -ia

de-

-et

-ien see -ia

-dom

ex-

il-

e-

-ey see -y

im- see in-

-ed

-ful

-ie see

-y

'

'

in-

see in-

Variants

xxxviii -ing -io, -ion,

-ious see -ia

-ment

-ship

-ness

-sia

-or

-sion

-ous

-some

-ity

-ow

sub-

-ius see -ia

pre-

-tia

-ive

pro-

-tion

un-

-ish

-ism

.

-less

re-

-like

-ry

-ly

-s see

-man

se-

up-

wh-

es

-y

VARIANTS §90.

Certain classes of variant pronunciations found in cultivated American speech are de-

scribed here in order to avoid excessive complication of the vocabulary entries. These variants

are only those in wide use

by cultivated

and do not include those confined to

speakers,

local

dialect or substandard speech.

MEDIAL UNACCENTED §91.

Medial unaccented short

When

{editor 'edita', 'tdota^).

from

I

to 3

not followed

i-, -i-

§92.

i,

When

the vowel sound

{radiate, oceanic,

in

i

i

But

may become

fragmentary 'fraegm3njteri

-a- in nearly all

of a suffix, this \-ly -li

words

change

= 'fraegman^terili

BEFORE ANOTHER VOWEL

(variously spelt)

is

immediately followed by another vowel

Ephraim, periodic, radio, medium, immediate), the

and thus might properly be shown as in

I'midiit.

a vowel

b}^

becomes medial by the addition

in the vocabulan,'.

UNACCENTED sound

i

must often be assumed, as See also

or -jtErali.

i i

final

-i-

VedijCt, jo/i'aenik,

'if

this w'ould greatly complicate the vocabulary, especially

from the head word, as in study 'stAdi extent of the variation of the

i.

\-ing 'stAdiig,

This variation

is

reading a transcription like I'midiit the variation

THE

3

and even

so

therefore not w'ill

be

i

sound tends toward

riam, jpiri'adik, 'redijO, 'midiam,

made

when

derivatives vary

would not

shown

fully

show the

in the vocabulary. In

automatically.

SOUND {WAR, HORSE, ALL)

§93. In most of America o appears to be rather unstable. In most positions except before final or r

tion

is

plus a consonant

{icar, horse), o

reported from Canada.

{walnut, Waldo, salt),

which

varies with

many

speakers to o or a.

In words in which the sound occurs before

in Brit

have either

o or d, the variants

1

A

r

similar varia-

plus a consonant

a and d are

verj-

common

in America.

In

New

England o

is

an extremely

common

substitute for

one phoneme (usually of d quality) in such words as of these widespread variants, our collections of the standard historical 3

souna

cot

a,

man}^ speakers having onh"

and caught or

collar

and

caller.

In spite

appear to justify the somewhat regular recording

in the appropriate words.

Variants 8 §94.

In words

FOR

like carry

IN CARRY,

se

Many

— 'men.

'tjaerati,

comparison kam'paerasn,

before r plus a vowel, a widespread pronunciation with e

(as)

('ken, 'men, 'tjErati, kam'perasn)

younger generations.

CHARITY

marry 'maen, charity

'kaeri,

having historical "short a"

xxxix

is

heard

in the

of these speakers

North and Canada,

especially

from the

pronounce marry, merry, and Mary

New England

This variant appears to be rare in the South, and for

all alike

the L.A. shows

only a very small percentage with £.

DREARY, WEARY, YEAR §95.

In words

is

to lower the

i

to

mediate vowel somewhat nearer to consonant

formerly having the vowel sound

like dreary, weary,

general tendency

(year, beard), the

i

sound

i,

some speakers use the higher

than

i

is

less

is

the

of

i

When

bit.

words

like form

ES

farm;

while the

is final

inter-

or followed

by a

apt to occur.

39(r

faam, both pronunciations faam and f3:m are used in the

East and the South. In the vocabulary only 33 plication that in such

r,

and many use an

the r

EASTERN AND SOUTHERN §96. In

before the

i

i,

is

This

given.

words the vowel varies between 33 and

is

o:,

done, however, with the imso that for speakers

who do

not usually pronounce 33 in such words the symbol 33 must be taken also to suggest

In longer words 33 is

shown

in such a

is

more

word

likely to

be reduced to

as formality far'maelati;

The same speaker may say f33m

in

3,

ES

especially

if

f3'mael3ti.

3:.

unaccented. This reduction

No

sharp line can be drawn.

one breath and f3:m or fsm in the next, according to style

of speech.

EASTERN AND SOUTHERN §97.

In words

after the

like

a (fasm,

and South, however, father 'fa'S3(r

say lasds for it is

this

and farther

pronunciation a3(r

after o,

farm fann; ES fa:m,

fa3(r) than after 3 in

large,

is

is

ES

like form

fa:(r,

'fa3'83(r,

an 3 ghde

is less

commonly heard

(ham). With some speakers

consciously present, so that there

commoner

but

or far far;

words

a9(r

is

in the

even when the words are of equal length. As with

in the shorter

'la:d33(r for larger.

words than

East

a definite distinction between

in longer ones.

This glide 3 after a being

33(r, the

Thus a speaker may

much

less

frequent than

not shown in the vocabulary.

WORDS LIKE BOARD §98. Besides the two types bord and b3rd, regularly shown in the vocabulary, a pronuncia-

tion of board

is

heard from some speakers, especially in the North, with a vowel sound about

midway between

o and 3 (phonetic symbol Q, a lowered o or a raised

pronounce the same vowel Q that in their speech hoarse

nounce

from *

all

is

in

words

Uke

q,

3).

Such speakers

(pronounced by others h3rs,

horse, boarder is like border, etc.

such words uniformly with

horse, etc.,

like horse, forvi

Thus

also

f3rni), so

these speakers pro-

while other speakers that do not distinguish hoarse

pronounce them uniformly with

3.^

See Kenyon, American Pronunciation, 8th ed. §§366-372.

Variants

xl

EASTERN AND SOUTHERN VOWEL IN BIRD In words

§99.

In both the

stead of

3,

E

and the

S,

and

saying byd, 'fySaCr (not 'fsSa nor is

'fySa-),

bsd,

y

in-

with r-coloring in the accented vowel.

It

heard from those who otherwise "drop their

r's,"

confined to the stressed vowel. In this type of pronunciation the 9 in JurtJier remains

it is

who say

3 as with those

Thus such speakers would pronounce The furtlier

'f s'Sa.

part is better

'fySa pa:t iz 'beta.

tia

known

This fact has long been strated for

New England by

fied

by the present

ES

represented for

§100.

except

own

NYC is

same combination

i,

so that a

many

used by

followed only

final (fur) or

word

3i in bird (popularly

speech; and in the South

and

it is

is

like bird is

in

by an

§101. In the East, especially

many

it is

NYC

But the

New

by people

of unquestioned cultivation.

But

it is

A

ae, a,

and

England and

Since this variant

is

a (father, bar, calm)

highly characteristic of

less

common

words, and

words

spelt with a that

a.

is

The

is

New

then to be

New York

City

E+

is is

regularly

in

s, f,

or 6

which British usu-

editors' collections clearly in-

laugh, aunt), the sound ae in these

at least as frequent as a,

fast, fast.

a

Virginian, see next section) varies

and the present

lialf, calf,

AND

followed by a voiceless fricative

commonly Eastern

findings of the L.A.

In the vocabulary this variation

shown by use

words

in

and usually more frequent than

of the plus sign,

meaning "also,"

For other uses of the plus sign see §80.

Malone, Studies for William A. Read, University, La.,

served by others.

a,

by a nasal plus a consonant (example, demand),

as at the word/a^/ faest;

Kemp

AND

similar sound, but less prevalent, has been

not invariably recorded with

dicate that, with a few exceptions (cf

See

a

England, the sound a when spelt with a

ally has a. Eastern pronunciation (less

5

is historicall}''

commonly regarded

possible variant.

§102. In the class of

a.

sound,

educated speakers there, who recognize the sound in their

speakers toward the sound a.

(ask, chaff, bath) or

New

City, a former

pronounced b3id.^

EASTERN VARIATION BETWEEN ae, IN WORDS LIKE ASK

between

with

usually recorded, either in the vocabulary or in a page heading over the ap-

propriate words.

assumed as a

New York

but wrongly represented as boid)

unknown.

also used

reported from near WilHamsburg, Va.

England,

3^

fully veri-

inflectional ending (furs), is

EASTERN VARIATION BETWEEN varies with

of

These facts have been

City.

in various parts of the South,

when

connected with the Southern sound as local dialect,

New York

FOR THE VOWEL IN BIRD

changed into something like

Whether the

heard in

is

Hence, in the vocabulary such words as fiirtliennore are regularly

editors.

With many speakers 3,

has also recently been demon-

it

as 'f33^Jmo^^r, 'fySajinoaCr.

31

sound after

Southern speech, but

for

the workers on the L.A., and the

otherwise "r-less" pronunciation

r

is

however, a very large number of speakers pronounce

to be noted that this pronunciation

is

pronunciation for Eastern and Southern

like bird, further the first

'f3'3a(r.

19-10, p. 137.

The same

fact has also

been ob-

Variants

xli

WORDS LIKE ASK IN EASTERN VIRGINIA The words

§103.

in the vicinity of

referred to in the preceding section (ask,

Richmond and Williamsburg,

quently with a. This pronunciation appears to be somewhat

The

historical

Yet

locahsm.

and cultural im.portance to

list

less

common now

this pronunciation of those

the item

with a,

"E +

-a-,

less often

It is therefore to

words as a regular variant

same variant of a of

and

NYC

o

is

as complicate the

be understood at those entries of such words containing

a.

FOR

FATHER

IN

a

§104. In parts of the South the a sound as in father 'fatJaCr (all)

weU

merely as a

Southern pro-

for

-a-" that in eastern Virginia such words are also sometimes pronounced

with

»

rection of 3

than formerly.

of this region precludes regarding this

nunciation as a whole would give a disproportionate impression, as

vocabulary entries.

path, chance, etc.),

last, craft,

Va., are often pronounced with a, less fre-

without wholly reaching

becoming common

in

o,

is

retracted or raised in the di-

but resembling the intermediate d (§12).

New York

As a

City.

result,

we sometimes

The

find the roles

apparently reversed, a being pronounced d and o being pronounced a. Thus a native

pronounced margm 'mD:d3in and Arthur

'd:63,

while in the same breath he pronounced

Conning Tower 'kanig^taua.

VARIANTS OF THE DIPHTHONG §105. For the vowel sound in out, ground, one

an inclusive symbol, here serving for

symbol au

all varieties of this

speech. Outside of the South the principal varieties are varies slightly toward 3. difference.

au and au are

is

used

au

in the vocabulary.

This

is

diphthong in cultivated American

au and au. In au the

so nearly alike that

first

element often

most hearers do not notice the

These two show no important geographical distribution, and often vary from

speaker to speaker.

A common variant, very general, is a for au before r {our aur, ar).

§106. In the South are several varieties.

but there are geographical and sometimes

These never distinguish words otherwise

social distinctions.

found in Virginia and bordering North CaroHna.

The most

In Virginia, mainly east of the Blue Ridge,

a diphthong approximately su (often written au but with stressed voiceless consonants {out sut, house hsus),

whUe

{ground graeund, houses 'haeuziz, cow kaeu). aeu varies to

au

or au.

aeu

3U

is

first

element)

e.g.,

is

used before

used before voiced sounds and

varies somewhat, especially to

Besides, the influence of analogy often breaks

before voiceless and voiced sounds, giving,

alike,

striking of these are

down

au

the distinction

—houses 'hauziz, or haeus—

house hsus

In the western and southwestern parts of Virginia the tendency

is

finally

or ou.

'haeuziz.

to use aeu in all positions,

with variation to au or au.®

Perhaps owing in part to the influence of eastern Virginia, similar varieties are occasionally found in other parts of the South, but appear not to prevail there. The commonest varieties for the

comes

South as a whole are aeu and au, with intermediate shades.

aea

The form

aeu often be-

{down daeun, daean).

» E. F. Shewraake, "Laws of Pronunciation in Eastern Virginia," Mod. Lang. Notes, xi, 8 (Dec. 1925), pp. 489-492. See also American Speech, xvni, 1 (Feb. 1943), pp. 33-38.

Guy

S. Lowmaa, "The Treatment of au in Virginia," Proc. oj the Second International Congress of Phonetic SciCambridge, 1936, pp, 122-12S. Argus Tresldder, "Notes on Virginia Speech," American Speech, xvi, 2 (April 1941), pp, Ua^lie, Unpublished laaterialin the i.^. was also consulted.

ences,

Variants

xiii

Nova

In parts of Canada (Ontario,

and probably elsewhere) a

Scotia,

haus

similar to that of eastern Virginia, the singular of house being

distinction

is

found

hous and the plural

or

^hauziz or 'hauziz.

VARIANTS OF THE DIPHTHONG §107.

As with au,

so only one

symbol

is

ai

used in the vocabulary for the "long i" soimd

South the principal varieties are ai (with a often varying

{white hwait, rise raiz). Outside of the

sHghtly toward 3) and ai.

ai

The comments on

au apply

the relation of au to

to that of ai to ai.

§108. In the South the varieties partly behave like those of au. In Virginia east of the Blue

Ridge

many

speakers use a sound approximately ai (varying toward 31) before voiceless con-

sonants {white hwAit, wife wAif) but ai before voiced consonants and finally

In some other parts of the South

waivz, high hai).

{rise raiz,

wives

Carohnas) a similar distinction

(as in the

found.

is

Another

distinction, found, e.g., in Virginia

and the Carolinas and probably elsewhere,

the use of ai or ai before voiceless consonants {wife waif, WAif), but simple a or a: before

is

voiced and finally {wives wavz, wa:vz, less

frequently a, for ai

is

South Carolina, Texas, distinction WAif

—

fairly

etc.).

As with au, waivz

is

also

common in many parts of As with au, analogy

waivz or waif

For the South as a whole ai

why hwa, hwa:, mighty

—wavz,

may safely be

The

tired 'mAiti ta:d).

simple

a,

the South (Virginia, North Carolina,

(as wife

—wives)

down

tends to break

yielding such pairs as waif

—waivz

or waf

the

—wavzJ

taken as the prevailing sound.

so with ai a distinction similar to that in Virginia

between wife WAif and wives

found in Ontario and eastern Canada, probably reflecting a situation foimd

in several Scottish dialects.

VARIATION BETWEEN §109. In

words containing "long

there

i^"

complicated to be fully described here.*

is

like duty, 7iew

words

like accuse

have but two pronunciations

have but one

—

a'kjiiz.

u

variation between the sounds ju, lu,

Some misunderstanding has

alence of the diphthong lu in cultivated American English.

words

AND

ju, lu,

—either

and u too

existed as to the prev-

Apparently

many

suppose that

djuti or duti, nju or nu; or that

Grandgent, however, long ago demonstrated the

frequency of lu in America' in collections that showed lu in 35 to 60 per cent of the speakers tested, according to the class of findings.

Grandgent

somewhat (symbol more

stress

on

i

i)

Other American observers have confirmed his

diphthong as

i

with tongue drawn back

followed by u with tongue pushed forward (symbol a), and either having

than on a or having about equal stress on both elements, and with the a

usually longer than the

The same speaker ceives less stress

words used.

also accurately described the

i.

often varies between lu

and thus becomes more

veloped from Early

Modern

lu in all

like

and

ju, for lu easily

consonantal

j.

words that now have

It

ju,

shades into ju as the

i

re-

was thus that modern ju

de-

and many

tained the older lu (except initially) along with other features of Early

Shewmake and

Tresidder, as cited above, footnote 6.

^

See

8

See Kenyon, American Pronunciation, 8th ed., §§341-350.

9

Mod. Lana.

Notes, vi, 8 (1891), pp. 466-467,

.Ajnericans

Modern

have

English.

re-

Variants In one variant of

lu

and

this

this

diphthong the

an advanced u

position for

u

u; as brewed

are used

first

element has the tongue drawn back as far as to the

that the diphthong merges into a monophthongal a.

(h), so

by many Americans

bnud, br«d,

xliii

to distinguish

from brood brud, or

distinct

Both

words from similar words that have

lute hut, l«t, distinct

from

loot lut.

Present knowledge of the distribution and prevalence of ju, lu, and u in the words con-

Such

cerned does not always permit of an accurate order of frequency in the vocabulary. order as has been verified

For example,

there shown.

is

assume are prevailingly pronounced with

u.

But

in the

it

appears certain that words like

main

all

that

is

attempted

to give

is

the three (or two) current sounds (duty 'djuti, 'diuti, 'duti; blue blu, bliu; accuse a'kjuz, a'kiuz)

without insistence on order of frequency,

the pronunciations being in cultivated Ameri-

all

can use. In the vocabulary the symbol lu

is

always to be taken to mean m. See §§40, 41.

UNACCENTED U IN WORDS LIKE CALCULATE, CONGRATULATE, EDUCATE, NATURE, VERDURE §110. In familiar speech unaccented

ti

as in calctdate

unless another vowel follows {evacuate iVaekjujet).

most commonly

is

between

It often varies

-ja- ('kaelkjajet)

-ja-

and

-ju- ac-

cording to style of speech.

In colloquial pronunciation of words

most commonly are

and -dsa-

vowel follows {eventuate I'vEntJu^et, graduate 'graedsu^et). ending -ture is

is

ES

usually -tj*,

usually -A'^^,

ES

unaccented

like congratulate, educate,

-t/a- (kan'graetjajet, -'graet/u-)

International Dictionary, Second Edition,

'netJaCr),

and -dure

See Webster^ s

-tJV or -t/ur according to style or to familiarity of the

'nuniatja^, 'miniajt/ur). Initial

If -ture

unaccented "long w"

is

SOUTHERN

§111. In parts of the South the

or tends in the direction of,

i

has a light accent then

over the South and apparently

is

is

of e before

mm,

sound g

When if

-jt/ur {literature 'litara^t/ur).

m,

n, or g {stem,

men, length)

bokO). This pronunciation

not equally acceptable in

all

n

AND

g

is final

replaced by,

it

k

OR

g

usually represents the

in congress 'kaggras.

bearing on acceptability and

For the substitution

of

n

is

for

is

much wavering between n and g

therefore often not

g

shown

in the vocabulary.

in -ing words, see -ing in the vocabulary.

Concord

unmarked

'kagka^d (compare the pronunciation 'kankard, where the final syllable has an

subordinate accent). In other situations there

Its

it.

BEFORE

and wholly unaccented, as

is

not equally distributed

types of Southern speech.

the letter n ends the syllable before a k or a g sound,

the next syllable

is

not intended to imply disapproval of

VARIATION BETWEEN §112.

is

-ture is

'minitja^,

BEFORE NASAL SOUNDS

£

sound

(stim,

omission from the vocabulary

it

word {miniature

ju- or ju- according to style {unite ju'nait, ju'nait).

FOR

I

New

Guide to Pronunciation, §249, seventh paragraph.

In words of three or more syllables not accented on the penult the unaccented ending

commonly

-du-

In dissyllables the unaccented

common words {nature 'netja'; ES 'vydsa^, -d5ur; ES -dsaCr, -d3U3(r).

-tj3(r, in

-d33(r {verdure

and

-tu-

('edsajket, 'edsu-), unless a

that has no

Variants

xliv

THE SOUNDS OF WH §113. In

the

words

spelt

with wh (whale hwel, when hw£n, wheel hwil,

h element and pronounce

wen;

This

wheel, weal wil; etc.

whole, but

it

making homophones

plain w, thus

etc.)

many

speakers omit

America as a

clearly not the prevaihng pronunciation for

is

when, wen

of whale, wail wel;

appears to be somewhat on the increase, perhaps owing to the influence of South-

ern British speech.

In the vocabulary only

hw

is

See also wh- in the

given for such words.

vocabulary.

SYLLABIC §114. In a great

many words

there

most usual

'haepan, 'haepn, 'haepm

(when -pm

am

an,

al,

frequent variation between a syllabic consonant and

Examples

given.

is

is

In the vocabulary, as a

3 plus a nonsyllabic consonant. loquially

VARYING WITH

m,

n,

1,

results

rule,

only the one deemed to be col-

of such variation are: apple

from assimilation

of -pn,

'aepl,

happen

'aepal;

-pam never occurs)

;

trouble

'trAbl, 'trAbal; buckle 'bAkl, 'bAkal; struggle 'strAgl, 'strAgal; castle \sesl,^kses3\; drizzle

Mnzl,

prism 'prizam, 'prizm (see -ism in the vocabulary) wa.?ow 'mesn, 'mesan; prison 'pnzn,

'drizal;

;

'prizan ; bacon 'bekan, 'bekn, 'bekg (see §24,

ma'nap!i,ma'napab;o6e/w^

'abl^isk,

3d

par.)

;

wagon 'waegan, 'waegn, 'waegg monopoly ;

'aba^hsk (for the accent see §52); assassinate a'sjesn^etf

a'saesajnet.

But forms

in is

'bidn,

many

words, while

it is

phonetically possible to pronounce either form, one of the

decidedly prevalent and the other either rare or un-Enghsh.

little 'litl,

cradle 'kredl,

and such words

Thus

wouldn't 'wudnt in standard speech are not pronounced 'katan, 'hidan, btant, 'kudant, 'wudant.

when

An

the syllabic consonant

alternative pronunciation with

is final

and

the tongue point or of the lips (-tn, -dn, chiefly after the

m

is

follows a consonant -tl, -dj, -nl).

homorganic p (open 'opm, keep

not syllabic after

t

(bottom 'batam) or

cotton 'katn, hidden

as didn't 'didnt, oughtn't btnt, couldn't 'kudnt,

'evi

-al,

made with

Syllabic

'kipm) or

m

is less

b (album

'kredal, 'didant,

'lital,

-am

-an,

is

much

usual

less

the same position of

frequent and

is

heard

'aelbm, rob 'em 'rabm).

d (Adam 'aedam), though the a

may be

verj- quick.

Nasals are not syllabic after nasals (common 'kaman, venom Venam, cannon 'kaenan, minimum

'minamam)

or after

syllabic after

1

(stolen 'stolan or stoln

nd (London 'Undan), but

is

with nonsyllabic n, column 'kalam). n often so after nt (mountahi 'mauntn).

is

not usually

Consonants

are not syllabic after vowels.

In medial position alternation

is

frequent even after homorganic consonants (fatally

'fetli,

Adelaide 'aedljcd, 'aedaled; scrutiny 'skrutni, 'skrutani; ordinal 'ardnal, brdanal).

'fetali;

Thus

In some cases the difference distinguishes words otherwise aUke.

in Eastern

and

Southern, 'saetn means "satin," while 'saetan means "Saturn"; 'bitn means "bitten," while

means "bittern";

'bitan

'faamli

'paetn

means "formally," while

means "paten" 'faamali

or "patten," while 'p^etan

means "pattern";

means "formerly."

ADDITION OR OMISSION OF CONSONANTS §115. Certain consonant sounds are inserted or omitted very generally in

which are not regularly shown as variants in the vocabulary. Thus a between n and the

s

sound (sense sens, sents,

like cents sents),

Waenjan, 'maent-Jan, intention in'tenjan, in 'tent -/an,

t

American EngUsh

sound

is

often inserted

between n and J (mansion

cf luncheon 'Untjan),

between n and d

Spelling Pronunciation {ninth nainO, naintO, tenth tend, tentG),

between

{false fals, folts, Vikt faults),

tween

m and

between

and/

:

is

often omitted between

hke feels). The

{fields flldz, filz,

first

luncheon 'lAntJan, 'Un/an) or after often omitted after

n

n and

When

is

added

to

cf

s

words

s

'kaemfa', 'kaempfa^, cf campfire).

Walsh, Welsh), and the

less

frequently after

REPLACING

between

1

and

z

n {bench bentJ, benj,

often omitted after

is

nVens),

and

1

Welch); and a p sound be-

first

element of ds

{bulge bAlds, bAls).

1

sts

in -st {nests, beasts, rests) the

often omitted, and the two s sounds combine into one long s (symbol rests

between

{health helG, heltO),

z {lends lendz, lenz, like lens) or

{filch filtj, filj, cf

1

{revenge riVends,

the ending s

and 6

element of tj

LENGTHENED §116.

1

{Welsh weIJ, welt/,

camphor

{comfort 'kAmfa^t, 'kAmpfa^t,

f

Omissions d

is

I

xlv

'

sound

t

Thus

s:).

is

very

nests, beasts,

are often pronounced nes:, bis:, res:.

PROPER NAMES §117. For personal

and place names the variant pronunciations given

Whenever the information was

often refer to different persons or places.

ants have been referred to particular persons or places, but to do so in

all

vocabulary

in the

available, the vari-

cases

beyond the

is

scope of this work.

CANADIAN VARIANTS §118. In its

most noticeable feature

—the treatment

Quebec

feels at

rather

in the

more frequent than

in the East in the

suggest,

and

heard beside

—most Canadian speech

visits

'laebrajtori.

For

is

'aitSa^

words

{hat,

is

and

are

'nai'Sa'

and kant

'dikjaiijeri.

heard beside

Scottish influence

pecially in the use of the intermediate a for ae in "flat a"

Ontario or southern

however, noticeable

can't 'ratJa^

heard beside

terrible 'teribl is

'friedsail for fragile, are frequent.

is,

The pronunciations

US. For rather and

heard. For dictionary (and similar words) 'dikjanri la'baratri is

sound

matter of speech. Direct British influence

both pronunciation and vocabulary.

in details of \

home

of the r

The Midwesterner who

resembles the speech of the North in the US.

are often

For laboratory

'terabl.

sa'dsest for

apparent in Canada,

man,

etc.), in

Nova

es-

Scotia

and Alberta, and probably elsewhere. For the au diphthong, ou (§106) and u are heard, probably also reflecting Scottish influence.

JUNCTIONAL, OR SANDHI, FORMS §119. Pronunciations resulting

you 'didsu, goes shopping gos

word

{bag

and baggage

from the

Ifapirj,

effect of

sand

'baegtj'baegids, good

an

initial

sound

of a following

pile 'saen^pail), or of a final

word

{did

sound of a preceding

enough jgudn'Af), are only occasionally recorded in

the vocabulary.

SPELLING PRONUNCIATION §120.

The term SpeUing Pronunciation

that handed on

by word

closely to the spelKng,

of

mouth

which

is

in

in the

is

used to designate a pronunciation which replaces

spoken language and conforms in some respect more

some degree unphonetic

—

fails to

correspond with the estab-

Ushed pronunciation. Such pronunciations originate, as the Oxford Dictioftary puts a "shot" at the word from the spelling. Every such pronunciation

is

at

first

it,

by taking

an error (departs

— Dissimilation

xlvi

— Anglicizing

from established usage); but innumerable pronunciations general that they are

now

Horsham; and for

tham,

have come

of this origin

good standing.

in unquestioned

to

be so

For examples see Bentham, Wal-

treatment see Kenyon, Ajnerican Fronunciatiott, 8th

fuller

ed.,

§§142-150.

DISSIMILATION A

§121.

sound r is

phonetic tendency

one syllable

in

usually sounded in

the change of

English by to

1,

as

was

it

a'

to a

Hempl

by

is

as Dissimilation

another

r

sound

seen in English words in which an

is

in the

commonest

positions the

all

Here the presence

sa'praiz.

known

there

is lost if

colloquial pronunciation of surprise

of the second r has led to the loss of the first (that

loss of its r-coloring)

{Dialect Notes,

is,

is

in this case,

This tendency was pointed out for American

.

1893).

I, vi,

r

word. Thus in those regions where

Sometimes instead

of being lost the r

in Salisbury (formerly Sarisherie, cf Saritm), or in Salop Shropshire,'

is

changed

from SIop-

pesberie, earher Shrobbesberie 'Shrewsbury.'

Another example of

That

r loss is 'gAvana*,

due to the other

this is

that the same speakers

;-

who say

the prevaiHng pronunciation of governor in the North.

sound and not to slovenly pronunciation

governance, government, which have

it

might occur there

may have 'r-less'

in such a

regions.

The

loss of the first r in

ES

regular in

ES

is

sa'praiz for the

.

ES

r

elderberry,

fact

pronounced only before a vowel,

if

same reason that

February,

pronounced

pa'pferajtori,

was dropped by the regular

governor 'gAvanaCr

survive in

Other examples of dissimilation are: Bourchier

caterpillar,

r is

governess 'gAvanis, govern 'gAvan,

is

prise in

where

word as preparatory

operated in some words before a second

similar loss

by the

no second r.

i?-dissimilation does not often occur in regions

though

sho\Mi

is

'gAvana^ do not omit the r sound in governess, goverti, governing,

(cf

ES

is

it

not due to r-dissimilation, for

which have no other is

and

loss of r in the

r;

and

sur-

sa'vaiv.

Bouclwr), Canterbury, cafercornered,

Marylebone, northerner, southerner,

paraphernalia, particular (the schoolmastered pronunciation par'tikjala^

Northrup, Otterburn, is

perhaps a reaction

against this), Fendergast, reservoir, reverbatory, St. Bernard, thermometer, Watcrbury.

The pronunciations sa'praiz and cally normal,

similation

is

'gAvana' are "correct" forms, not because they are phoneti-

but solely because they are

also seen in

in

wide use

some pronunciations not

b}'

cultivated speakers.

The same

dis-

so prevalent as to be generally acceptable;

as Arthur, corner, interpret, perform, performance, proportion, secretary, Shrc-wsbury, Sicarth-

more.

ANGLICIZING §122.

A

pronouncing dictionary of English must deal with the pronunciation of foreign

words that have become more or

words

it

less

a part of the English language.

has, strictl)^ speaking, nothing to do.

some foreign names have been entered which are somewhat as yet no settled English pronunciation. only,

and are

With

wlioU}' foreign

However, a few foreign words or phrases and in use in

These are given with

America but which have

their foreign pronunciation

so labeled.

For the much larger body of foreign words that have become more or

less

Anglicized in use,

meaning, and pronunciation, the editors follow the same guide as for fully English words

Anglicizing they try to ascertain and report cultivated usage.

which usage

most unsettled and

is

(1)

it is

just this area of the language in

and considerations are

:

—in making

it

way by

to bear

of these

in assimilation of foreign

Until comparatively recent times foreign words fully adopted

native.

By

usual.

is still

Some

of usage.

—

EngUsh use have been adjusted

especially this

must bring

editors

The EngUsh language has shown great vigor and stabiUty

material into

But

and where dictionary

uncertain,

supplement the uncertain evidence

certain linguistic principles to principles

xlvii

to

EngUsh laws

of

sound and accent.

In Great Britain

radio one often hears foreign words pronounced in the English

the best-educated leaders of that country; as, for example, the pronunciation 'n£ezi for

becomes a settled pronunciation,

Nazi.

Whether

many

similar cases could be cited,

or not this ever

it

shows the tendency; and

which are in keeping with English

tradition,

and are by no

means blunders." (2)

The question

often arises,

percentage

who speak

sound changes

Why

The answer,

their foreign sounds?

in past

not pronounce foreign words, especially names, with

too Uttle understood,

the foreign language like a native,

simple: except for the fractional impossible, as the history of

it is

borrowings clearly shows. Very few English sounds are exactly like the

This

foreign ones or those spelt with corresponding letters. in foreign language.

is

Examples abound.

Many apparently

pronouncing Monticello as Italian when they

deceptive to those not expert

is

suppose, for example, that they are

call it jmanti'tjelo.

In fact, they are giving ap-

and omitting one. An

proximately the Italian sound to three out of the ten sounds (m,

tj, e),

attempt, sometimes heard, to pronounce envelope in the French

way by

sults in giving

approximately the French sound to the v and the

are quite different,

canized

name

jbalpara'iso.

and the n

is

The American

being different) and one of

its

The

saying 'anvajop re1

The pronunciation

not in the French word.

Valparaiso as jvalpa'raizo

p.

and

—

Ameri-

not a very successful attempt at the Spanish

is

ga'ras has two consonants of the French gaVa:5

vowels

the vowels

all

of the fully

in the

wrong

syllable.

The underlying

(g, 3,

fact

is,

the

r's

that the

speaker not fully conversant with a foreign language in attempting to imitate the foreign

pronunciation substitutes his

own

nearest sounds for the foreign sounds, with a result unac-

ceptable to the native speaker of the foreign language.

Thus the word

Often, too, the attempt to use foreign pronunciations misses the mark. is

not from

some 400

Modern French but from Old French, and has been English

years.

Neither of the hybrid pronunciations

French vaUe. The case years an EngUsh town), 'paelis

from

OF palais),

of Calais is similar. it

was, and

is,

pronounced

to

'kaelis in

is

from French

show knowledge

the

comes very near

EngUsh way

valet

sound) for to the

(for

200

(like palace

later

EngUsh poets (riming

kae'le, %aeli are as far

from Modern French

as in Shakespeare (spelt Callis, Callice)

ka'lE or ka'le as vte'le or Vaeli

t

For several centuries an EngUsh name

with malice, Alice). The present frequently heard

The attempt

vae'le or Vaele

(with a

and

va'le.

of a foreign

language by similar rough or even ludicrous

attempts at the foreign pronunciation often shows ignorance instead. Such inaccurate hybrid pronunciations are, however, often taken up by so get established in good use, in the

many

otherwise well-informed speakers, and

same way that hundreds

of other linguistic errors

and

blunders have attained to good standing (witness Dr. Johnson's recommendation of ache for

10

See Brander Matthews's defense of this tradition in Society Jor Pure English Tract No. V.

— Miscellaneous Suggestions

xlviii

ake);

and a dictionary based on usage must recognize them.

nunciations of foreign derivatives are here given,

for,

Consequently

many

hybrid pro-

however inaccurate, usage has estab-

lished them. (3)

Wherever there

room

is

for

doubt as to actual usage, however, our policy has been to

lean toward the long-established English tradition of full Anglicizing.

Certain foreign sounds

will, if

the words become general, inevitably shift to native English sounds

sure to

become

either English ae or a. In

in parentheses, so that the user of the dictionary

chooses.

And

nunciation

for those

may

serve to

who

—as French a

most cases the actual foreign pronunciation

of

some

of the

is

added

can adopt the foreign pronunciation

prefer to follow the English tradition the

show the inaccuracy

is

if

he

appended foreign pro-

attempted imitations.

PRONUNCIATION OF LATIN WORDS §123. Latin

words not usually being American colloquial EngUsh, as a

English Latin pronunciation

Some form

in actual practice.

use

(cf

cum

is

The

given.

of

it is

so-called

Roman

sometimes added

if it

rule only the orthodox

pronunciation

very inconsistent

is

has become widely current in actual

laiide).

MISCELLANEOUS SUGGESTIONS §124.

L The Key

to pronunciation

found at the bottom

the vocabulary contains the

common

of

every pair of open pages in

English sounds.

Each

illustrative

boldface type shows the sound of both vowel and consonant symbols.

information about the phonetic alphabet and

its

word

For

in

fuller

use in this book, see Introduc-

tion, §§3-47. 2.

The

basis of pronunciation in this dictionary

is

Cultivated Colloquial English

conversational style, not formal public address or public reading. of colloquial 3.

A

Colloquialism

is

not a Localism or Slang.

definition of Colloquial there ary, 4.

For discussion

EngUsh, see Introduction, §§1-2. See Introduction, §§1-2, with the

quoted from Webster

New

s

International Diction-

Second Edition.

For acceptable pronunciations not regularly Usted

in the vocabulary', see Intro-

duction, Variants, §§90-119. 5.

Certain classes of words have Shifting or Variable Accent. this

6.

and on accent and

For information on

stress in general, see Introduction, §§48-54.

For treatment of Regional Variations, see Introduction, §§76-85.

7.

For the pronunciation

8.

Too much importance should not be attached

to the

pronunciations are given in the vocabulary.

Several factors govern this order.

of

Foreign Words, see §122 on .Anglicizing.

Order

in

which the variant

See Introduction, §§57-58. 9.

It

is idle

to insist

general oral use.

on the "correct" pronunciation

The

on, regardless of whether 10.

"The pronunciation

is

of

words not

)-et

correct pronunciation will be whatever usage it

established in filially settles

agrees with etymolog}', spelling, or analog}'.

the actual living form or forms of a word, that

is,

the

word

— Miscellaneous Suggestions itself,

of

which the current

spelling

is

xlix

only a symbolization

—generally,

only the traditionally-preserved symbolization of an earlier form."

indeed,

Oxford

English Dictionary. 11.

"While we are

entitled to display a certain fastidious precision in our saying of

words that only the educated

use,

we

deserve not praise but censure

to accept the popular pronunciation of popular words."

—H.

W.

if

we

decline

Fowler, Dic-

tionary of Modern English Usage. 12. "I

do not believe

tion

in the feasibility of

imposing one particular form of pronuncia-

on the English-speaking world."

Dictionary, 4th ed.

—Daniel Jones,

An

English Pronouncing

ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviated names

+

also

of English counties are listed in the

vocabulary

Can

Canada, -dian

ahbr.

abbreviation, -ated

cf

compare

acct

accent, -nation

ch.

church

ace. to

according to

Chatic.

Chaucer

adj

adjective

cheni.

chemistry

adv

adverb

Chin

China, -nese

Afr

Africa, -can

CO.

county

Ala

Alabama

Col

Colorado

Alas

Alaska

colloq.

colloquial, -ly

Am

American

conj

conjunction

Amer

America

Conn

Connecticut

Am Sp

American Spanish (with PI)

cotis.,

anal.

anatomy

Cornw

Cornwall

Anglic.

Anglicize, -d

Climb

Cumberland

apos.

apostle

Czech

Czechish

Arab

Arabic, Arabian

Dan

Danish

arch.

archaic

dat

dative

Arg

Argentine, -na

Del

Delaware

Ark

Arkansas

Dev

Devonshire

art.

article

dial.

dialect, -al, -ally

attrih.

attributive

Australia

Du E

Dutch

Austral aiix

auxiliary

Egyp

Egypt, -ptian

BBC

British Broadcasting

emph.

emphatic, -phasis

Corporation before

bef.

conss.

consonant, -nants

Eastern, East

EN

Eastern and Northern

Eng

English

Belg

Belgium, Belgian

Engd

England

Bib.

Bible

erron.

erroneous, -ly

Bol

Bolivia

ES

Eastern and Southern

bar.

borough

esp.

especially

bot.

botany, botanist

Braz

Brazil

Brit

British

Fitd

Finland

C

Canada, -dian

Fla

Florida

Flem

Flemish

Fr

French

freq.

frequent, -ly

c (before

numerals) c,

circa,

etym. fern.

about

cc (after

etymology feminine, female

century, -ries

Ga

Georgia

CA

Central America, -can

gen

genitive

Col

California

geog.

geograph}', -phic, -ically

Camb

Cambridge

geol.

geology

numerals)

(1)

Abbreviations

li

geom.

geometry,

Mod E

Modern English

Ger

German

M.

Merchant of Venice

Gk

Greek

mt., mts.

mountain,

gram.

grammar, -matical

mus.

music

Heb

Hebrew

myth.

mythology,

Hind

Hindi

N

Northern, North

-trical

of Ven.

hist.

historical, -ly

n

noun

Hung

Hungarian

naut.

nautical

NB NC

New

-s

-logical

la

Iowa

Ice

Iceland,

Id

Idaho

NEngd

New England

III

Illinois

Neth

Netherlands

Ind

Indiana

NH

New Hampshire

inf

infinitive

Nicar

Nicaragua

infreq.

infrequent, -ly

NJ

intj

interjection

NMex

New Jersey New Mexico

-ic

Brunswick, Can.

North Carohna

Ir

Irish

Norw

Norwegian

Irel

Ireland

NY

isl.

island

NYC

It

ItaHan

NZ

New York New York City New Zealand

IW

Isle of

Jap

Japanese

occas.

occasional, -ly

Ohio

Wight

Kan

Kansas

OE

Old English

Ky L

Kentucky

OED

Oxford English

Latin

L.A.

Linguistic Atlas of the

and Canada

= Oxford

US

Dictionary

Dictionary

OF

Old French

o.f.

old-fashioned

La

Louisiana

Okla

Oklahoma

LI

Long Island

Oreg

Oregon

loc.

local, -ly

Oxf

Oxford, -shire

Land

London

Pa

Pennsylvania

Mass

Massachusetts

Pal

Palestine

math.

mathematics

perk.

perhaps

Md

Maryland

Pers

Persia, -n

ME

Middle English

pars

person (grammar)

Me

Maine

pers.

personal

meas.

measure

Pg

Portuguese

Mich

Michigan

Phil

Philippine

mil.

military

phil.

philosopher

Minn

Minnesota

PI

Philippine Islands

Miss

Mississippi

pi

plural

Mo

Missouri

poet.

poetic, -al, poetry

mod.

modern

Pol

Polish

Abbreviations

Hi

Port

Portugal

surg.

surgery

poss

possessive

Sus

Sussex

pptc

past participle

Sw

Swedish

prep

preposition

Swtz

Switzerland

pres

present

syl.

syllable

pro

pronoun

Tasm

Tasmania

prob.

probably

Tenn

Tennessee

pron.

pronunciation,

Tex

Texas

pronounce,

pronounced

trans

transitive

unstr.

unstressed

Uru

Uruguay

pic

participle, -cipial

rel

relative

relig.

religion, -ious

US

United States

RI

Rhode Island

V

verb

riv.

river

Va

Virginia

Rom

Roman

var.

variant

Rus

Russian

ml.

village

S

Southern, South

vocab.

vocabulary volcano

SA

pronoun

South America, -can

vole.

SC

South CaroHna

VOli).

Sc

Scottish, Scotch

Scand

Scandinavian

w

Western, West

schol.

scholar

w.

with

Scotl

Scotland

w-

Webster^ s

sculp.

sculptor

Dictionary,

SD

South Dakota

tion

sg

singular

Wash

Washington

Shak.

Shakespeare

WI

West Indies

Som

Somersetshire

Wis

Wisconsin

Sp

Spanish

WPacif

West

Pacific

sp.

spelling, spelt

WVa

West

Virginia

sp. pr., sp. pron.

spelling pronunciation

Yks

Yorkshire

SArner,

vowel,

-s

Vermont

Vt

New

Internatio7ial

Second Edi-

(state)

In the vocabulary, entries and other spelhng forms (except catchwords) are in light roman type, pronunciations

and

all

sounds are

in boldface,

and explanatory matter

is

in italic (except

the regional labels E, S, N, W). Occasionally, earher spellings of an entry word, with dates of their occurrence in records, are

shown as evidence

of pronunciation or of other significant facts in the history of the word.

Cf. the entries Bicester, kiln.

ADDENDA A PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN ENGLISH

An

marks words already recorded in the main vocabulary. The plus sign (+) is to be read "also."

asterisk (*)

adieux 2d pi of adieu* s^djuz, s^diuz, a'duz {Fr a'djo) Aguilar Col 'aegwijar;

ES

Ahsahka Id a'saka Alamosa Col jaela'mosa,

-ila:(r,

Zoc.

E+-ila:(r

+-'mus3,

-si

'anu/, 'smif

Athol*

NY

Attu Alas bateaux

'eeal \A-

Springs

'eGal, 'aeGal'

isl. 'aetu

bateau* bae'toz (Fr ba'to)

pi of

Baugh hs—frotn Bach,

cf

Reidenbach, Utah*

from Ben L. Dorsey cf Gnadenhutten*, Ypres*, Yreka*, Yvonne*, in which also the name of

Benld

a

letter

Biloxi

ba'nel, older b^n'£Id^

III loc.

Miss ba'laksi, -'kk-; ES+-'lDk'blaerijt/ESta', -t/is-;

ES

-t3(r

Bogalusa La jboga'Iusa Bois Blanc

Mich

Isl.

'babjo'ailand;

ES+

'babndsa^;

Bonar*, Horatius 'bana^;

Bon

Homme SD

NH

ES ES

-d33(r, 'bol-

loc.

ES

NY

-'ra:do,

E+-'ra:do

NMex mt.

Capulin

ka'pjuhn, ka'piuhn

Cerf surname syf ES ssf, sa^f charm var. sp. of chirm* 'din of birds' Chateaugay NY '/«t3,ge, '/aetagi

Wash

Am

tji'hehs

vils.,

-iz

|-'s

surname

'tfini

Cheningo iVF /a 'nrggo Chesuncook Me t/i'sAnkuk chile

NY

't/aiit/tsta-;

ES

ES

-'ka:ni, -kon'k-,

Chittenango

NY

E + -'ka:ni

ytjitn'teogo, t/it'nsogo

—c/ Northampton*

Cleburne Ala, Ark, Tex

'kliba^n;

-j |-ally -ji,

Cochise Ariz ko'tjis

-iz

|-'s

Bouquet

Broadalbin

cognizable*+kag'naiz3bl, kog-

NY bo'ket, ba'ket NY brodblbin, -'aelbin Broome* N Y co. now more often brum

Columbiana

Bruneau Id 'bruno Buchman 'bukman, 'bAk- {Ger 'buixmon) Buchraanism*, -ite* + 'bukmanBurleigh 'ba-h; ES 'bsh, 'byh

ES

'kliban

-ikh

jkaad-

ka^lAmbi'sena

Combahee^C jkamba'hi; ES+jkom-; ('Comba^hee 'River)

Conewango

ND

Key:

ES

climatic klai'maetik [al

Coconino Ariz /koka'nino Coeur D'Alene Id jkardl'en;

'baukvil

-ta(r

con carne, Ai 't/ilikan'karni, -kan'k-;

Churchill* +-jhil

'baagaCr

'baskwain, 'bos-

Boston* +'b3St3n, 'bostan {§114) Botolph* loc.+h^hxA ^strit Bouckville

'Road)

Canyon de Chelly Ariz 'kaenjanda'/e Cape Girardeau Mo 'kepdsa'rardo, -da; ES

'ban3(r, 'bon-

ban'ham; ES+bDn'hDm

Borger Tex 'barga^;

Boscawen*

NY NY ^kaena'stota Caneadea NY ^kaena'dia ('Canea^dea Canisteo NY jkaeno'stio

Chichester*

Boise* /i+'baizi

Mo

below

Canastota

Cheney

'bDb-;(i^>-bwa'bla)

Bollinger

-iz

Cadiz; pron.+lis^Aiz

Cahaba Ala riv. ka'haba, ka'hoba Cahoon surname ka'hun see Calhoon

Chehalis

Alas 'boggSjlaf, -Jof, -jbf

Isl.

city

;

Blackstone* cf variant spelling Blaxton

Bogoslof

Sp

Celoron* iVF+'sda^ron, 'selaran

replaces its usual sound.

Blanchester

Cadiz* spell

Calhoon = Calhoun* cf Colquhoun* Canaseraga jkaenasaVoga

Algonquian*, -quin*+-nk-

Amish

BustiiVF'bAstai Cache Utah kae/ |-'s

NY

jkana'waggo, -wog-;

ES +

jkon-

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret jyet jet |sang saeg langry 'aeg-gri ba0 (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gardj |go go Ifull ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa^; ES 'fstia |custom 'kAstam jwhile hwail jhow hau |toy tai using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij vision 'visan |Eden 'idii [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipip See in fidl §§3-47.

|bath bae8;

I

E

|

Copyright, 1949, by G.

&

C.

Merriam Co.

(Hii)

—

— Addenda

liv

Corinth*

NY,

Costilla

Col kas'tia,

Ghent*

^oc.+kaVmO, krinO

Vt,

kos-,

(Am Sp

-'tija

at

ES

read: +hiy\is^knmik

NY kuk'saki, kak-,

Coxsackie

NY

g-,

Ky

WVa

ds-,

ds-, g-

Godfrey*

'gadfri, 'gnd-, cf

Gogebic Mich go'gibik Gouverneur* AT+zgAva'nur, ;guva-, §121,

kas'tija)

coxcombic*

NY, Minn

Godeffroy

ES +

-'saeki;

ES

Zoc.+-'n3';

-'nua(r, -'n3(r, -'ny-

Gouverneur Morris

kttk-

ES

/gAvar'nir, ;gAva-,

§121;

bun 'kras'bAn, 'kros- ('hot ^cross 'bun) Crummel, -mmles 'krAml(z) from Cromwell Cunard* accent +as in 'Gurnard 'Line

greengage 'grin'geds ('green^gage 'plum)

Cuprum Id

Grosvenor

cross

'kjupram, 'kiu-,

NY

Dahlia*

Gravenstein apple 'graevan/Stain,

'ku-.

'grovna',

NY bay loc.

-jStin

ES

'gravna-;

-na(r, 'grDvna(r

'delia, 'delja; see p. vi

vil.

/gAva'nia(r; ('Gouver,neur '^Morris)

Darien* Ga 'denan Depauville

haberdasher* sometimes 'haeba^dae/a^ (§121) Hahn surname han, ban cf Baugh, Utah*

De

Hallowell 'hieb^wel, -wal.

NY di'povil, di'povil Ruyter NY di'iaita^; ES di'rait3(r

dilettantes pi ^dila't^entiz

diphosgene* + - 'f azd3in

]-ti -'taanti

ES + - 'f dz-

;

Haralson

Domremy-la-Pucelle* + Domrem}'- dore'mi-

Dorcheat La riv. 'dart/it; ES 'daat/it Dravosburg Pa dra'vosbyg; ES -bsg, -byg Dumas* Ark 'dumss, 'dju-, 'diu-

NC

Duryea Pa dur'je, 'durje; ES dua'je, 'duaje Ecorse Mich 'ikors; ES 'ikoas |-'s -iz Edgecombe NC, -comb Me, Wash 'edskam Edina Minn I'daina, i'dains

ES

Ga

'haeralsn

Healdsburg Cal 'hildzbyg, -Iz-; Healdton Okla 'hildtan, 'hiltan

Hempstead

NY

ES

'hempsted, 'htmst-, -stid

Hialeah Fla

ha-, hs-,

Hindman Ky 'bainman, 'baindman Holbrook Ariz, Mass 'bolbruk Honeoj'e

NY

'bAiupi

Hoosic* + 'buzik

el'bsta, el'byta

Houma La 'buma

Eoanthropus* put }o^ssn6r9p3s first Ephrata Pa 'sfrata, Wasli I'freta

Huerfano Col 'werfajno, 'wy-;

'efrata,

'w3-, 'wy-; /oc.

NY I'freta

Hyndman Id

mt. 'hainman,

Etowah Ala, Tenn '£t3jwa, -iWn, -wa Eulalie Poe's poem jub'Ii (Fr ola'li)

Ingraham* + 'iggram,

Itawamba Miss

'faelkanaCr

Fayette

ES

Java* lisn-, ^fyn-

Finisterre* add: (Sp jfinis'terre)

NMex

Cal,

'folsam,

surname

loc.

'free'

Galway*

fro |frow 'woman' frau

NY

Gansevoort*

loc.

NY

'gaelwe 'gaenzva^t, -vurt;

ES

-vuat

Key:

,ita'wainba,

-'womba

NY

'dseva

Junana* + d3ul'jaena, dsiulKalispcll

Mont

^kaela'spsl, 'kaela^spel

-vat,

iHog

Kossuth* la ka'suG, ka-, ku-

See in fidl §§3-47.

jbath baeG;

Nashua*

Kegonsa Wis lake ki'gansa; ES+-'gDnsa Kinderhook NY 'kinda^^buk; ES 'kinda^huk Kineo Me mt. 'kini,o Kissimmee Fla ki'simi Koshkonong Wis 'kaJTiajnag; ES + 'koJka-

loc.

frow

c/

Kalevala* + 'kabjvala -o-, -a-

NY 'farsaiO; ES 'faasaiG Franconia NH fraeg'konia Fremont* NY 'fremant, -mont Forsyth*

—

'i/pijinig

Jacquard* acct+as in 'Jac^quard 'loom

fe'et, fe'J£t ('Fay^ette 'City)

Fernandina Fla ^fa^nan'dina;

Folsom

'ingrain

+ 'i/a^we

luka Miss ai'juka

N Y village fast

Faust*

'i/ua, /oc

Ishpeming Mich

existentialism jEgzis'tEn/aljizam, ^eksis-

ES

NY

'wea-,

'baindman

Indianola la. Miss iindia'nola

Ischua

ES

+ 'arfajno

Esarey, Logan 'ezari

Falconer* iV F + 'f aelkana^ ;

by-

^baia'lia

elegiast I'lidjijaest, a'lidsijaest

Ephratah Bible

-3-, -3^-

Henlopen Del cape hen'lopan

Hermosa Cal ha^'mosa, by-; ES

'djuphn, 'diu-, 'du-

Elberta el'bs^ta;

loc. 'hnl-

Henrico Va hen'raiko

Dunsanj'* Brit + dAn^sxni

Duplin

Me

Hampstead* + 'ha;msted, 'hamstid Hapsburg* see also Habsburg*

Desha Ark da'/e

E

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far far

'piti (§6)

[rate ret Ij'et jet Isang sasg |angry '«g'gri

|watch watj, wntj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge garcJs |go go

— —

— Addenda Kotzebue Alas 'katsajbju,

-jbiu;

La Crosse Wis la'kros, -'krns La Garita Cal Jaga'rita La Habra Cal b'habra Lampasas Tex Lassellsville

|-'s

ES + 'knt-iz

'laaslzjVil

—

Leelanau Mich

Olneyville

Pa

vil.

-'kAm-;

co. loc.+-^kova-,

RI

joli'aen

'oni,vil

cf

OIney*

Onawa la 'anawa; ES + 'nnawa Onaway Mich 'anajwe; ES + 'nnajwe Onondaga* NY /oc. + jana'd3ga Onoville NY 'anajViI; ES + 'nnajViI

Livengood Alas vil., surname 'laivan^gud Lonaconing Md Jona'koniij Loogootee Ind la'goti lup

NY

Opelika Ala jOpaUaika, jopi'laika Oregonian pra'gonian, jor-, ,ma'nskani, o'riskam Oriskany

NY

lai'komig

McDermott mak'dymst; ES -'dsmat, McDiarmid mak'dynud; ES -'dsmid, Mahopac NY 'meo^pjEk, 'meajpaek

-'ds'-

Orleans* US, accent +as in 'Orleans 'Co.

-'dy-

Osakis

Minn

o'sekis

j-'s

-iz

ES + iDska'lusa iVF +'asnig; ES+'osnig

Oskaloosa la ^aska'lusa;

Mannering surname 'niaenarig = Man waring*, Mainwaring*, Maynwaring* Matteawan* NY+, esp. attrib., ^Mattea^wan

Ossining*

Mazomanie Wis jmeza'meni, ^mezoMebane NC 'mtebin Montgomery* +m3nt'gAmri, -'gAman Montour* accent + as in 'Mon^tour 'Falls Morenci Mich moVensi

n'tAmwa Outagamie Wis jauta'gaemi

riv.

Mycenae* NY loc. Nauvoo* accent + as

NY

loc.

cf

|full

E+

-'ma:(r,

accent+as in 'Palo^mar 'Mountain

NH

^pfesa'kanaiWe;

ES +

Pehlevi 'Pahlavi' 'pela^vi |Pehlvi 'pelvi

in 'Nau^voo 'streets

Pend

jnaeva'raino

Oreille Id,

also spelt

loc.

;

'pika^bu, elsewher e+^pikaihu

pileated 'paik^etid, 'pili^etid

ni-

New

Wash jpanda're, ipenES + 'f ozdsin

phosgene* + 'f azdsin Picabo Id

naVeda,

NY,

'ovid

-'kon-

Piqua* O+'pikwe

cf

Pithecanthropus*

ptit

Poestenkill

NY

Pickaway* second pron.

first

'pusn^kil, 'postn^kil

princess* 5n7+prin'ses, but 'prinsis loc.

Fane

trib.,

as in 'Princess

when

at-

'Mary

Pulaski* Z/^+pa'laeski, pju-,

pm-

Pushmataha Okla jpufma'taha, -'taha

Nootka*+'nutka, 'nutka, 'nutka Nueces Tex nju'esis, niu-, nuIII,

name

ma'zura

Nisei 'nise, ni'se

Nunda

occas. pers.

ES +

loc. 'paelasjtin

Passaconaway

mAs'kaet3;tAk

ma'sins

Newbem* Tenn + -h3^n; ES -bsn, -byn Newfane NY, Vt 'nju^fen, 'mu-, 'nu-; Vt + jNew'fane,

NY,

a'tAmwa;

Palomar Cal jpaela'mar; ES -'ina:(r;

Neodesha Kan ^niada'/e Nescopeck Pa 'neska^pEk Neshoba Miss ni'/oba

O

ES+ot'sigo

a'tAmwa,

la

Palestine* Tex

Neligh Nebr 'nih

Nevada*

NY at'sigo;

Ottumwa

Owj'hee Id a'waihi, o'waihl

Munising Mich 'mjunasig, 'miunasig

Muscatatuck Ind

Otsego

Ovid* Mich,

Morris, Gouverneur, see Gouverneur Morris

Navarino

Scotl

Olustee Ala, Fla, Okla o'lAsti, a'Usti

'Ligo^nier

literatus sg of literati* JitaVetas

Lj'coming*

ES + 'ok-;

'oxj-)

o'leOi, a'leGi, -Ga

NY 'olijaen,

Olean

-iz

|-'s

leukemia, -kae- lu'kimia, Iiu- |-mic -mik

Loup Nebr

-tn (Sc 'oxd-,

Kan

Olathe

attrib.,

'okl,tri, 'okjtri

'akl.tri, 'akjtri;

Okla o'kima, o'kima Oktibbeha Miss ak'tibijha; ES+nk-

Lennox* 'lenaks

Ligonier* acct+, esp.

Kan Tex

Okemah

'lila^na

var. sp. of

Ocheltree Ochiltree

Okanagan Can joka'nagan Okanogan Wash joka'nagan, -'nngan

c/ Lascelles*

Latah Id 'let3, le'ta—c/ Utah* Lavaca Tex b'vaeka Ledyard* + 'lEd33'd; ES 'kdsad

Lenox

Obion Tenn o'baian Oceana* WVa josi'aena

'okjjtri,

laem'paesas 1-sas' -sas

NY

Iv

loc.

—

c/

Utah*

nAn'de

ful Itooth tuG Ifurther 'fytJa*;

ES

'fstSa

Wash pju'aelap, piu'aelap Rahway NJ 'rawe Ramapo NY vil., NY, NJ riv. 'raemajpo Puyallup

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan

tai

[Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

—

—

—

Addenda

Ivi

Rangeley Me Vendsli Rantoul /// raen'tul ('Ran^toul 'schools) Raton* Col ra'tun, rae-; NMex ra'ton, raReidenbach surname 'raidri/bD cf Baugh

NY + ^tznsViT;

Rensselaer*

ES

Tucumcari

Tuscola Mich,

-'i3(r; accent

iVF

Juna'dila,

^oc.

+ iAn3'dil3;

Upshire Engd 'Ap/ir, -JV; ES -J'i3(r, -Jafr Upshur surname, WVa co. 'Apja^; ES 'Ap/3(r

Uvalde Tex

ju'vaeldi

Valois 'vaelwa,

Vandalia

-iz

Am

-wd {Fr

va'lwa),

NY va'bis

places vaen'delja

Saluda NC, SC, Va, Ind sa'luda

Venango Pa, Nehr va'naeggo

San Bernardino* CaZ + -jbyn3'dino, §121 Santanoni N Y jsaenta'noni ('Santajnoni 'Mt.)

Venezuela* + jV8nzu'il3, jvenazu'Ila

Sapulpa Okla sa'pAlpa

vernacular* +va'naekjal3' {§121)

NY 'sDga^tiz, Sauquoit NY sa'kwait

Schaefer, -ffer

'Jefa^;

-^tiz;

ES

ES

'saga-

Schrader

NY 'skaeti^kuk, 'Jati-, NY ska'nivas -iz

-jkok

|-'s

'Jreda^;

Schroeder

ES

'/reda^,

'JredaCr

ES

'Jroda^;

-d9(r;

(Ger

'Jroidar)

Schuylkill*

SE Pa

Shafer

'Jefa^;

Shaffer shafts

ES

+ 'skukl ES S3-, sy-, -'monik

'Jef3(r

'Jefa^, '/afa-;

ES

-f3(r

E+/a-, fa-;

fsevz, Jaefts;

'tinlls'

see

Mo Jel'baina

shindig* occen/ + '/injdig ^

ES

ES

'slev3(r

'sla^v^(r; |-ed

-d j-ing

'slaevario, 'slaevrig

soot* cf boot but, foot

f ut,

submersible sab'mysabl;

flood

ES

fUd

-'mss-, -'mys-

Suckow surname 'suko Suffolk* + 'sAf3k Sylacauga Ala jSila'koga Tahoe Cal 'taho, 'teho Talcott, Tallcott 'talkat, 'taelkat

Talladega Ala

jtaela'diga

La ta'lub Taughannock Falls NY ta'gaenak, ta'gaenak Tazewell III, Va 'taezwel, 'tezwel, -wal Tehuacana Tex ti'wakana, -'wnkTallulah

Tidioute

Tionesta

Totowa

Pa Pa

NJ

-iz

{§6)

Vinita Okla va'nita

Wappingers iV I" 'wapindsa^z, 'wop-; ES -dsaz Wasatch 'wasaetj", wa'saetj ('Wa^satch '!Mts.) Washingtonian jwa/ig 'toman, jwa/-, iWo/-

ES

NY

'wata^jvlit, 'wa-, 'wd-, -vl,It;

-ta-; acci+jWater'vliet

Watseka III wat'sika, wot'sika Waubesa Wis lake wa'bisa Waunakee Wis ,wana'ki ('Wauna,kee 'mail) Waupaca Wis wa'paska Waupun Wis wa'pAn ('Wau^pun 'schools) Wauseon 'wasiyon, -/Dn, jwasi'an, -'on

Weehawken

NJ

wi'hakan

ES

Weiser Id

'wiza^;

Wetumka

Okla wi'tAmka |-mpka Ala wi-

'wiza(r

'tAmpka WigtowTishire* put 'wigtaniJir//-^/

Winder Ga 'wainda^; ES 'wainda(r Winnetka III wi'netka Wolcott* iVF/oc. 'walkat

'tidijut, jtidi'ut

woollen variant spelling of woolen*

jtaia'nesta

Zeigler /// 'zigla^;

'totawa

|-'s

Waban Mass 'waban Wabasha Minn 'wabaj/a, 'woba-, 'wabaWadena Minn wa'dina, wo'dina Waha Id 'waha cf Omaha*, Utah*, Baugh

Watervliet

slaver slave dealer' 'sleva'; slaver 'drool' 'sl«v3^;

va-;

Washtenaw Mich '\vaXta,na, 'wdJ-, 'wajWatauga NC, Tenn wa'taga, wo'taga, \va-

§124.11

Shelbina

ES

Walthall Miss 'walt.hal—c/ Waltham* Wamego Kan wa'migo, wn-, wa-

/oc.

sermonic sy'manik;

Vt, III va^'dsEnz;

Vienna* sojne Am places +\ai^en3 Vigo Ind 'vaigo, 'vigo

'/ef3(r

Schaghticoke

Schenevus

Vergennes

Vevay Swtz Co. Ind 'vivi, older vi've Vevey Switzerland va've {Fr va've)

sarsaparilla* + jsaespa'rila, jsaesapa-

Saugerties

acct-^

as in 'Una/dilla 'Forks

sa'Iaina |-'s

tAs'kola

'junks, vil

Uhrichsville

Unadilla

Salida Col sa'laida {Sp sa'liSa)

Salinas Cal sa'linas

III

Umatilla Or eg juma'tila

Robson* surname + 'robsn Sabinal Tex jsaeba'nael ('Sabijnal 'bank) Sacandaga NY jsaekan'daga Sagadahoc* Me, put acct ,Sagada'hoc first

Kan

'tukam/keri, -;kaeri; S -ae-

acct + as in 'tai^ron 'strits

Tyrone* Pa,

\-as in 'Rensscjlaer 'boy

Salina

NMex

Tuolumne Cal 'twalamni, 'twDlamni

Ziebach

SD

ES

'zigla^r

'zi'bak, -'ba, -'ba

cf

Baugh

—

A PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF

AMERICAN ENGLISH abidance A, a

e

letter

a indef.

As, poss A's ez

\pl A's,

art. a,

abbreviation ajbrivi'e/an

The use

emph. or hesitating e

of e, the stressed

form

an

the tmstressed a belongs, often gives

arti-

on a

(a begging, a-foot.

Aachen 'akan, 'oxan (Ger 'arxan) Aaron 'eran, 'aeran, 'eran; S 'aeran, 'eran abaca ,aba'ka aback a'baek

('A.B'C

abdicate 'aebda^ket |-cated -^ketid

Abdiel 'aebdial, -diel, -dj-

l-ly-i

abduce aeb'djus, -'dius, -'dus |-s -iz \-d -t abduct aeb'dAkt, ab- \-ed -id |-ction -k/an

abeam a'bim

|-es -iz |-ci -jsai

E + a 'baft,

abaft a 'baef t ;

'e'bi'siz

abdomen 'asbdaman, aeb'doman, ababdominal aeb'daman], ab-; ES+-'dDm-;

afire)

abacus 'aebakas

ABCs

lABC's,

'e'bi'si

jbook)

abdication jaebda'ke/an

ficial effect to public address. a, a- unstressed form of

ABC

of a, in places where

abecedarian jebisi'derian, -'der-

a 'baft

abalone, A- (aeba'loni

A

Abana

abed a 'bed Abednego a'bednijgo Abel 'ebl Abelard 'sebl^ord; ES 'aebl,a:d; (Fr abe'larr) Aberdeen jaeba^'din; ES jaeba'din; ('Aber^deen

'aebana

abandon n a'baendan (Fr aba'do) abandon v a'baendan |-ed -d abase a'bes

|-s

abash a'baef

-iz |-d -t j-dly -idli

|-es -iz j-ed -t |-edly -idli

'Angus)

abatable a'betabl |

abatis 'aebatis, a'baetis jaeba'twar,

|-es -iz |-ed -t

-'twar;

ES

-'twa:(r.

abbe

US

'aebi

|

S+-vl; France ab'vil

Abbeyville, Abby-

Key: See Ibath baeG; ful I

-tor -a^;

ES

-a(r

ES

-'haa(r; |-red -d

ab'harans,

aeb-,

-'hot-,

-'hor-

|-ent -ant

'aebatsfa^d;

ES

Abhorson ab'harsn;

'aebatsfad

abbreviate a'brivi,et l-ated -,etid

|full

abhor ab'har, aeb-; abhorrence

'aebi^vil

'aebat

Abbotsford

|-ter,

abeyance a'beans j-ant -ant

|abbesses 'aebisiz

'aebi^vil;

,aeb3^'istwi6

abet a'bet |-ted -id

(Fr a^be)

'aebis, 'aebes

Abbeville

abbey abbot

-/ia(r, -J"a(r

iseha-

Aberystwyth

'aebana

'aebe, ae'be

abbess

ES

aberration /aeba're/an

'aebasi

Abbana

-JV;

aberrance aeb'erans |-ancy -ansi |-ant -ant

-'twaa(r; (Fr aba'twa:r)

abbacy

|-shire -fir,

Abergavenny Eng town jaeba^ga'veni, family jaeba^'geni, Shak. Aburgany jaeba^'geni; ES

abate a 'bet abated a 'betid abattoir

Becket, -ett a'bekit

in full §§3-47. bee bi |pity

E

baG (§10) |ah a

tooth tu6 [further

|far

'fytla^;

ES

-'haasn

abidance a'baidns 'piti

(§6)

|rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri

far |watch wat/,

ES

'fstJa

wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa

Igorge gards |go go

|custom 'kAstam while hwail |how hau |toy |

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dif [vision 'visan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

— abstain

abide abode a'bod or abided abode a'bod or abided d'baidid, rarely abidden a'bidn

abide a'baid a'baidid

\past

\pptc

Abou ben Adhem 'aebubEn'aedam, 'abuben'ad£m abound a'baund

|-ed -id

Abigail 'aebajgel, 'aebagl

about a'baut

Abijah a'baidsa

about-face n a'baut^fes

Abilene

US

about-face v a,bact'fes

'aebajin, Syria jaeba'lini

-iz

|-s |-s

-iz |-d -t

ability a'bilati

about-ship

Abimelech a'bimSjkk Abinadab a^bina^daeb Abingdon 'aebigdan |-gton -tan

above a'bAV aboveboard a'bAv^bord, -^bard; ES -;boad. E+-jbaad aboveground a'bAv^graund

ab

initio 'asbi'niJijO

v a^baut'/ip |-ped -t

abject aeb'dsekt, 'aebdsekt ('abj'ect 'look)

abrade a 'bred, aeb'red

abjection aeb'dsekjan

Abraham 'ebrajham, Abram 'ehram

abjuration jaebdsu'rc/an

abjure ab'dgur, aeb-, -'dsiur;

ES

-'dsuaCr,

abrasion a'bresan, aeb'r- |-sive -siv, -ziv

ablation aeb'le/an

abreast a'brtst

ablative 'aeblativ, 'aebhtiv

abridge a'brids

ablaut 'ablaut, 'aeblaut {Ger 'aplaut)

abroad a 'brad

[-ler 'ebla^;

unstressed

from

the vocab.

by adding -abl

ES

-l3(r; 1-lest 'eblist

ending

when

-abl

the addition of -bly

omitted

often

the pron. can be

found

head pron. The corre-

to the

sponding adverb ending

/s

-ably -abh. For

-bh when

the

head word

does not end in -able, see the suffix -bly.

able-bodied

|-s

-iz |-d -d |-dly

-idh

abrogable 'aebragabl

ablaze a'blez

-able

-ham

abreaction ,aebri'aBk/an

-'d3iu3(r; |-d -d

able 'ebl

|-d -id

'ebri-,

ES+-'bDd-;

'ebl'badid;

('able-

-bodied 'man)

abrogate 'aebrajget, -ro- -gated -igetid |

abrogation jjebra'ge/an, -ro-

abrupt a'brApt,

aeb'r Apt

Absalom 'aebsalam abscess 'aeb^ses, -sis abscissa aeb'sisa

|-s

|-es -iz |-ed -t

-z j-sae -si

abscission asb'sisan, aeb'si/an

abscond aeb'skand, ah-; ES-H-'skond; absence

ablution aeb'lujan, ab-, -'liu/an

ably 'ebb

'aebsns

'aebsnsiz

[absences

absent

abnegation jaebni'ge/on

absentee jaebsn'ti ('absen^tee 'land^lord)

Abner 'aebna^; ES 'aebnaCr abnormal aeb'narml, ab-; ES -'naaml; abnormality

jaebnar'tnaelati;

ES

v asb'sent,

ab- |-ed -id

absent-minded 'aebsnt'maindid |-ly -i

-na'maelati

abnormity seb'narmati; ES -'naamati aboard a 'bord, a'b3rd;ES a'boad, E+a'baad abode a'bod

absinthe, -th 'aebsinO, aeb'smO

absolute empli.

'aebsajut,

-sljut

-,hut,

+ ^abso'lutely,

|-es -iz |-ed -t

abolition jaeba'b/an |-ism -jizam

-h,

absolution jaebsa'luj"an, -'hu/an, -sl'jujan

|-ist -ist

absolutist 'aBbsa;lutist, -^hut-, -sjj'utist

absolve aeb'salv, ab-, -'sdIv,

-'z- |-d

ES

abominable a'bamnabl, -man-; ES+a'bom-;

absorb ab'sarb, aeb-,

1-bly -bh abominate a'bamajnet; ES+a'bom-;

absorbefacient abiSarba'fe/ant, aeb-,

aboriginal jaeba'ridsanl

abort a'bart;

|-ly

'abso'lutely

absolutism 'aebsalutjizam, -hut-, -sjjut-

abolish a 'bob/; ES+a'bol-;

ES

|-ly -i ]-ne -^ni

ES

abortifacient ajbarta'te/ant;

abortion a'barjan;

ES

See in full §§3^7.

E

ES

-d

-aab; |-ed -d

a^baata-

-jZ-;

ES

-aab-

absorbent ab'sarbant, aeb-,

a'baata-

a'baa/an

-'z-;

|-edly -idh |-d -id

a'baat; |-ed -id

aborticide a'barta^said;

[bath baeO;

[-sent

-snt

abnegate 'aebnijget |-gated -igetid

Key:

|-ed

-id

absorption

ab'sarpjan,

-'z-;

aeb-;

ES -aabES -'saap-;

|-tive -tiv

abstain ab'sten, aeb- |-ed -d

bee hi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg langr^^ 'aeg-gri ba6 (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wot/, wntj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

— accordion

abstemious

accelerando aekjsela'raendo, ak- (It at^t/ele-

abstemious aeb'stimias, ab-, -mjas

'rando)

abstention aeb'stenjan, ababsterge aeb'styds, ab-; |-s

-iz |-d -d

ES

-'stsds, -'styds;

accelerate aek'selajret, ak- [-rated -^retid

-gent -ant I

ES

abstersion aeb'sty/an;

abstinence 'aebstanans

|-s

-'sts/-, -'st3\f-

acceleration aekjsela're/an, ak-, ^aeksela-

-iz

accelerative aek'selajretiv, ak- [-tor

abstract adj aeb'straekt ('abiStract 'thought)

'trace

'abridge,'

accent

less freq. 'aeksnt

v 'aeksent, aek'sent,

ak- [-ed -id

accentual aek's£nt/ual, ak-

'aebstraekt |-ed -id

ES

-ta^;

-ta(r

accent n 'aeksent,

abstract n 'aebstraekt

abstract v aeb'straekt, ab-; title'

accelerant aek'selarant, ak-

[-ly -i

accentuate aek'sentju/ct, ak- |-ated -^etid

abstractedly aeb'straektidh abstraction aeb'straekjan, ab- |-tive -tiv

accentuation aek^SEnt/u'e/an, ak-, ^aeksent/u-

abstriction aeb'strik/an

accept ak'sept, ik-, aek- |-ed -id [-able -abj

abstruse aeb'strus, ab-, -'strius

absurd ab'syd,

ES

aeb-, -'z-;

[-bly -bli

-sd, -s'd; |-ity

acceptability

akjsepta'bilati,

ak-,

ik-,

^aeksepta-

-ati

Abukir

jfebu'kir,

ES

a'buka^;

^a-,

-'kia(r,

acceptance ak'stptans, ik-, aek-

|-s

abulia a'bjuha, a'biul-, ^aebju'lia

access 'aekses

abundance a'bAndans [abundant a'bAndant Abury 'ebari = Avebury

accessary aek'sesari, ak-

abuse

ft

accessible aek'sEsabl, ak- j-bly -bli

abuse

v a'bjuz,

a'bjus, a'bius

a'biuz

-iz

|-s |-s

-iz |-d

-d

j-ted -id ]-ment

a'bizam

|-ries -riz

accessibility aekjsesa'bilati, ak-, ^aeksesa-

accessorial ^aeksa'sorial, -'sar-; S -'sor-

-mant Abydos a'baidas, -das; ES+-dDs; abut a'bAt

[-es -iz

accession aek'se/an, ak- |-ed -d

abusive a'bjusiv, a'biusiv

abysm

-iz

acceptation ^aeksEp'teJan

-ka(r

[abysmal

|-tal -1

-iz

[-'s

a'bizml

|-ally

accessory aek'sesari, ak-

accidence 'aeksadans [-dent -dant accidental ^aeksa'dentl

[-ly -i

acclaim a'klem [acclaimed a'klemd

-zmji

abyss a'bis

acclamation ^aekla 'me/an

|-es -iz [-al -1

Abyssinia jseba'sinia, -'sinja

|-n

acclimate a'klaimit, 'aekla^met

-n

[-d -id

acclimation ^aekla 'me/an

acacia a'ke/a

academe jseka'dim

acclimatization ajklaimata'ze/an, -ai'z-

academic ^aeka'demik

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

academician ajkaeda'mi/an, /jekada-

acclimatize a'klaimajtaiz

|-s

-iz [-d

-d

acclivity a'klivati

academicism jaeka'demajSizam

accolade ,aeka'led, -'lad

academy a'kaedami

Accomac 'aeka^maek accommodate a'kamajdet; ES-h-'kom-;

Acadia a'kedia, -dja acanthus a'kaenOas a cappella

|-n

-n

see also

Cajun

accommodation ajkama'dejan; ES-i--,kDmaccompaniment a'kAmpanimant, a'kAmpni-

'a ka'pela (// jakkap'pella)

acarid 'aekarid ejkaetl'ektik,

a-,

ae-,

jckaetl-,

Accad

'aekaed

= Akkad

-iz

|-es

-iz

[-ed -t

accord a'kard;

accordance

-djan

accede aek'sid, ak- [-ceded -'sidid

a'kaad; |-ed -id

accordion a'kardian;

ful jtooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa';

fmz

ES

a'kardns;

ES

a'kaad-;

|-dant

-dnt

accelerable aek'selarabl, ak-

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz,

j-s

accompHsh a'kamph/; ES^-'kom-;

ae-

Accadia a'kedia, a'ka-, -dja |-dian -dian,

[full

accompanist a'kAmpanist, a'kAmpnist accompany a'kAmpani [-nyist -mist accomplice a'kamplis; ES-i--'kDin-;

/aekaetl-

acaudal e'kadl, a-,

[-d

-id

|-es -iz |-thi -6ai

acariasis ^aeka'raiasis

acatalectic

j-d -id

ES

ES

a'kaadian

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow

jdish dif [vision 'visan

[Eden

hau

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

—

— acrimony

accost ache ek ached ekt

accost a'kost, a'kost |-ed -id

Before 1700 the verb was

|

accouchement a'ku/ma, -mant {Fr akuj'ma) accoucheur jaekulfs^; ES ;aeku'/3(r, -'Jy; (Fr

spelt ake,

and

noun was pronounced

the

account a'kaunt |accounted o'kauntid

Achean a'kian Acheron 'aekajtan, -ran; ES+-jrt)n achieve a'tjiv |-d -d |-ment -mant

akulfoerr)

accoucheuse ^aeku'/sz

|-s

{Fr akujoiz)

-iz

etj.

pi 'etjiz.

accountabiUty ajkaunta'bilati

Achilles a'kiliz

accountable a'kauntabl |-bly -bli

Achitophel a'kita^fel

accountancy a'kauntansi

achromatic ,aekra'maetik, -ro- ('achro,matic

accouter, -tre a'kuta^;

|-tant -tant

ES

3'kut3(r; l-(e)d -d

|-es' -iz

'lens)

accredit a'kredit [-ed -id

achromic e'kromik,

accrete a'krit, ae'krit j-d -id

acid 'aesid [acidic a'sidik, ae'sidik

accretion a'kri/an, ae'kri/an

acidify a'sida^fai, ae- |-fied -,faid

accumbency a'kAmbansi accumulate

|-bent -bant

a'kium-

3'kjumJ3,let,

ES

|-tive -IV |-tor -a^;

acidosis ,aesi'dosis -id

|-d

acidulate a'sidsa^let, ae- [-d -id |-lous -las

aciform 'aesi,farm;

-3(r

accuracy 'aekjarasi accurate 'aekjarit a'kys-;

a'kss-,

acme acne

'aekm^, 'aekmi

acolyte 'akajlait

a'ksst, a'kyst

Acoma

accusation jaekja'ze/an, ^aekju-

acorn 'eka-n, 'ekam;

a^kiuz-,

ajkjuza'torial,

'aka;ma,

-ma

ES

-'tar-;

acotyledon ,ekatl'idn, a,kat-, ae^kat-;

a'kiuz-,

a'kjuzajtori,

-jtari;

S

acoustic a'kustik, a'kaustik

accuse a'kjuz, a'kiuz

accustom a'kAStam

|-s

-iz |-d

-d

acoustician

|-ed -d

-kaus-,

^aekus'ti/an,

acquaint a'kwent |-ed -id

acentric e'sentrik, a-, ae-

acquaintance a'kwentans

acephalous e'sefalas,

acquiesce ,aekwi'es

a-, ae-

acquire a'kwair;

acetamide jaesa'taemaid, a'setajinaid, -mid

acquisition ^aekwa'zi/an

ES

a'kwaia(r;

-hd

acre 'eka^;

ES

|-tal -1

acreage 'ekarids, 'ekrids

acetic a'sitik, a'setik

acre-foot 'eka^'fut;

ES

acetify a'seta^fai |-fied -ifa,id

acre-inch 'eka^'mt/

|-es -iz

acetone

acrid 'aekrid |-ine -jln, -in

'aesa, ton

a'kki |Achaia a'kea, a'kaia |-n -n

E

|-tance -ns

|-s

-iz

'eka-; |-feet

|-in

-'fit

-in

acridity ae'kridati, a-

'aesa^til |-ene a's£tl;in

acrimonious ,aekra'monias, -njas

acrimony 'aekra,moni

|-tes' -tiz

See in fidl §§3-47.

-d |-rable

'eka(r

acetate 'aesa^tet |-tated -^tetid

|bath baeO;

|-d

-abl

acquit a'kwit ]-ted -id |-lid

|-nce -ns |-nt

-nt

|-mid -mid acetanilide jaesa'taenl^aid, -lid

-iz

|-s

|-s -iz |-d -t

ES 'aesa-; |-d -id acerbate adj a'sybit; ES a'ssb-, a'sybacerbity a'sybati; ES a'ssb-, a'sybacerbate v 'aesa^^bet;

Achates a'ketiz

a^kus-.

a^kaus-

ace es ]aces 'esiz

Key:

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

-ikli

-jtori

Achaea

ES+

-Dt-; j-ous -'idnas, -'ednas

-'tor-

acetyl

The

'ekan, 'ekaan ;

second pron. arises from false etymology.

accusative a'kjuzativ, a'kiuz-

accusatory

ES+

'aekni, 'aekni

accusal a'kjuzl, s^kiuzl

S

aek-, ik-, -ad5;

aclinic e'klinik, a-, ae-

ES

|-sedly -sidli

accusatorial

-;faam

-'nol-; l-d -d

accursed a'kysid, -st;

ES

ES

acknowledge ak'nalids,

accumulation ajkjumja'le/an, 3jkium-

accurst afest;

-ta(r

acidity a'sidati, ae-

-d

ae- |-d

ES

acidimeter jaesi'dimata^j

accrual a'krual, a'kriual, ae-

accrue a'kru, a'kriu,

a-, ae-

bee bi |pity

ba6 (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti (§6)

|rate ret |yet jet |sang sjeg [angrj^ 'aeg-gri

far [watch watf,

wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards

|go

go

ad interim

acrobat add

acrobat 'aekra^baet [-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli

acrobatic jaekra'baetik

aed [added 'aedid

Addams addend

acrogen 'aekradsan, -dsin

'aedamz |Addams's ^aedamziz 'aedend, a'dend

acromegalic ;aekroini'gaelik |-megaly -'niEgah

addendum a'dendam,

acrophobia jsekra'fobia

adder

-lisiz

ES+-'krDp-;

a'krapahs;

acropolis

\Gk pi

|-lises

'aeda^;

ae- |-da

-da

ES Wa(r

addible 'aedabl addict n 'aedikt

-leis -jles

a'dikt |-ed -id |-ction -k/an

across a'krDS, a'kros

addict

acrostic a'krastik, a'kros-

Addis Ababa 'aedis'ababa, 'adis-

act aekt acted

Addison 'aedasn additament a'ditamant

'ijektid

|

Actaeon aek'tian actinic aek'tinik |-ally

-Ii,

TJ

addition a'di/an,

-ikh

actinism 'aektmjizam

additive 'aedativ

ae- |-al -1 |-ally -li

actinium ^ek'tiniam

addle

action 'aek/an |-able -abl, -/nabl |-bly -bli

addlebrain 'aedj^bren

Actium

addlebrained 'aedl'brend ('addle-brained 'boy)

'sektiam, 'aekjiam

'aedl |-d

-d |-ling 'aedhg, 'aedho

activate 'aekt3,vet |-vated -^vetid

addleheaded 'aedl'hgdid

activation jaekta've/an

addlepated 'aedl'petid

active 'aektiv |-vism -jizam |-vist -ist

address n a'dres, 'fedres

activity aek'tivati

address

actor 'aekta-;

ES

v

a'dres

|-es -iz

|-es -iz |-ed -t

addressee adres'i, ^aedres'i

'aekta^r

actress 'aektris |-es -iz

adduce a'djus, a'dius, a'dus

actual 'aekt/ual, -t/ul

adducible, -ceable a'djusabl, a'dius-, a'dus-

actuality jaekt/u'aelati

adduct a'dAkt

actually 'aektjuali, -tjuh, -t/ah

adduction a'dAkJan

actuarial jaskt/u'enal, -'er-

Adel e'del

Adela

acuity a'kjuati, a'kmati

Adelaide 'aedj^ed

-man

ES

'aeno'damajnai;

ad aed Ada(h) leda adage 'aedidj

ES+-'dDm-

Aden

E

Adaline

'aedl^ain, -jin

Adam

'aedam

s'deaCr,

|Adams

ES

adenoidal ^aedn'aidl

a'daeaCr

adept n 'aedept, a'd£pt adept adj a'dept

'aedamz

|Adams's

adequacy 'aedakwasi |-quate -kwit adhere ad'hir, aed-;

'aedamziz

adamant

a'delfi, -fai

'edn, 'adn

adenoid 'aednpid |-ism -jizam

-iz

adagio a'dadso, a'dadsijO {It a^daidso)

Adair a'der, a'daer;

a'dflbat, college a'delba^t;

Adeline 'jedljain, -jin

Adelphi

|-s

'aedlba't,

-bat

Adelina jaedl'aina, -'Ina

acyclic e'saikkk, e'sik'e'di,

adamantine jaeda'maentin,

ES

-'hia(r,

S+-'h£a(r;

|-nce -ans |-nt -ant

'aedajinaent

adhesion ad'hisan, aed-

-tin, -tain

x\damic, Louis 'lui'aedamik,

'luis-, 'liui(s)-

|-sive -siv

adhibit aed'hibit |-ed -id

adaptability a^dsepta'bilati

ad hoc 'aed'hak; ES+-'hDk ad hominem 'aed'hamainem; ES+-'hDm-

adaptable a'daeptabl

adieu a'dju, a'diu, a'du

adaptation ^aedap'te/an, ^aedaep-

ad infinitum 'aedjinfa'naitam ad interim 'aed'intarim

adapt a'daept

|-ed -id

adaptive a'daeptiv |full

ES

'aedla

Adelbert

acute a'kjut, a'kiut

A.D.

|-tive -tiv |-tor -ta^;

-ta(r

actuate 'aekt/ujCt ]-ated -jCtid

a 'km-,

-iz |-d -t

|-ed -id

actuary 'aekt/u^eri

acumen a'kjumm,

[-s

ful jtooth tu6 [further 'fytia^;

ES

'fsSa [custom

[kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

advance

adipose

adjacency a'dsesnsi |-cent -snt

adolescence /aedl'esns |-cy |-ly - i

adjectival jaedsik'taivl, 'aedsiktivj

adjourn a'ds^n;

ES

adjudge a'dgAds

|-s

a'dsamdli

-idli,

a'dssn, 3'd3yn;

|-

ed -d

-iz |-d -d

adjudicate 3'd3udijket, a'dsm-

|-d -id

adjudication ajdsudi'ke/an, Sidsiu-

adjunct 'aedsAgkt adjuration jaedsu'rejan

adjure a'dsur, a'dsiur; a'dsAst

ES

-id

|-ed

-abj

|-able

-snt

Adolphus a'dalfas, a'dnl- |-'s -iz Adonais ^aeda'ne-is |-'s -iz Adonijah ^aeda'tiaidsa Adonis a'donis |-'s -iz adopt a'dapt; ES+a'dnpt; |-ed -id adoptability a,dapta'bilati; ES+ajdnpadoptable a'daptabl; ES+a'dopadoption a'dapjan; ES+a'dop-; |-tive -tiv |-bly

-bh

l-bly

adoration ^aedaVe/an

'adla^,

'«d-;

adore a'dor, a'dar;

|-tant -tant

ES

ES

a'doa(r,

E+aMaa(r;

l-d-d

-la(r

ad-lib V aed'lib |-bed -d

adorn a'dam;

ad libitum 'aed'hbitam

adown a'daun

ES

administer ad'minast*, aed-;

-ta(r

l-ed

ES

adrenal aed'rinl

a'daan; |-ed -d

|-in

aedVenlin

Adrian 'edrian [Adriana

-d |-ing -tang, -trio

administrate ad'mina^stret, aed-

jcdri'aena, -'ana

Adrianople ycdrian'opl

administrable ad'minastrabl, aed|-d -id !-tive

Adriatic jedri'aetik adrift a 'drift

-IV

administration

adjinina'strej'an,

aed-,

jaed-

adroit a'drait

adsorb aed'sarb;

raina-

ES

administrator ad'minajstreta', aed-;

-ta(r

adjinina'stretris,

^aedmina-

administratrix adjimna'stretriks,

^aedmina-

administratress

admiral 'aedmaral

adulate 'aedsa^let

Adullam a'dAlam

-d l-dly

|-d

-idh, -dh

adulterer a'dAltara^;

-tara(r; j-tery -tan,

|-es -iz

adulterine a'dAltarin, -jtain

adulterous a'dAltaras, -tras

aed- |-ted -id |-tance -ns

adumbrate aed'Ambret, 'aedam^bret |-d adumbration j£edam'bre/an, jaedAm-

|-es -iz |-ed -t

admixture aed'mikst/a', ad-;

ES

-t/a(r

ES+-'mDn- ;

|-es

-id

adust a'dAst

ad valorem jaedva'loram, -'bram, -Em;

-iz |-ed -t

admonition jaedma'ni/an admonitory ad'manajtori,

See in full §§3-A7.

E

S

-'lor-

aed-,

-/tan;

S

advance ad'vaens; E+-'vans, -'vans;

ES+-'niDn-

|bath baeG;

ES

adulteress a'dAltans, -tris

aed-

aed-;

-^tori

-tri

admissible ad'misabl, aed- |-bly -bli

admonish ad'manij,

S

adulteration a^dAlta're/an

admissibility adjinisa'bilati, aed-

admix aed'miks, ad-

-jtari;

|-ite -jait

adulterate v a'dAlta,ret -d -id

admire ad'mair; ES -'maia(r;

admit ad'mit,

-'saap/an

adulterate adj a'dAltarit, -^ret

|-ty -ti

adW/an,

ES

|-d -id |-tion jaedsa'le/an

adulterant a'dAltarant, -trant

|-bly -bli

admiration jaedmaVeJan

-jtori,

-'saab; |-ed -d

adult a'dAlt, 'aedAlt ('a,dult 'school)

|-es -IZ 1-trices -tri^siz

admirable 'aedmarabl

admission

ES

adsorption aed'sarp/an;

adulatory 'aadsala^tori,

|-es -iz

Key:

-i [-cent

adorable a'dorab}, a'dar-; S a'dor-;

-3(r; |-d -d

-bh adjutancy 'aedjatansi Adler

-'naz-.

Adolf, -Iph '«dalf, 'sednlf, 'ed-

|-ly -li

adjoin a'dsain |-ed -d |-edly

often

ado a'du adobe a'dobi

adit 'aedit

adjective 'aedsiktiv

'ad'na/i^aem,

-'nas-

Adirondack jfledaVondaek; ES+-'rDn-

adjust

nauseam

ad

adipose 'aedajpos adiposity jseda'pasati; ES+-'pras-

|-s

-iz

l-d-t

bee bi [pity

bad (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti (§6)

|rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg [angry 'teg'gri

far |watch watj,

wot/ (§12) |jaw dja |gorge gards

|go

go

aes triplex

advantage

|-s

E+-Van-,

adVantidj;

advantage -iz |-d

-' van-;

advent, A- 'aedvent |-ism -jzam

Alfred

|-ist -ist

ES

adventurer adVEnt/ara';

ES

ES

t/ras

Aeneas

I'nias, i-

|-'s

Aeneid

I'niid, i-,

-ad

-

'vEn-

aeon

ES

-

vsb-.

ad'vysativ,

ES

aed-;

- 'V3S-,

-hasiz

Vt mt.

|-m -Jizam

'ian, 'ian;

loc. i'olas |-'s -iz

ES+'ion

'airy'

e'irial,

aerie 'en,

'aeri,

'in; S

aed-, 'aedvys;

ES

-3S, -ys;

ES -'v3S-, -Vs'sadvert adVs^t, aed-; ES -'v3t, -Va^t; |-ed advertence ad'vytns, asd-; ES -Vat-, -

|-s

|-fied -jfaid

vyt-;

aerodrome 'Erajdrom,

ES

|-s

ad-

^aedva^'taizmant

ES

'aedva-

-iz |-d -d |-dly

aeromechanic jEromi'kaenik, aerometer jea'ramata';

adviser, -sor adVaiza^;

ES

'aera-;

aeroplane 'eraiplen,

earo-;

^aero-, jcaro-;

-'ramata(r. -'rom-

S

'aera-

'aera-;

S

'aera-

aerostatic jcra'staetik, ^aera-; S ^aera-

ES

-Vaiza(r;

-zari

-sory

aerostation jero'ste/an, ^aero-; S ^aero-

aery

'airy' 'en, 'aeri;

aery

'nest' 'tri, 'aeri, 'in;

Aeschines 'eskajniz

-jket

Aeschylus 'eskalas

v 'aedvajket |-d -id

advowson adVauzn

Aesculapius

adz, adze aedz |-(e)s -iz |-(e)d -d

S

|-'s |-'s

'aeri

S

'aeri,

'in

-iz -iz

^Eskja'lepias

|-'s

-iz

|-pian

-plan

ES + 'isnp

adzuki aed'zuki

Aesop

Aeacus 'iakas |-'s -rz Aedes e'idiz |-des' -diz

aesthesia es'Oisa, -31a [-thesis -'Gisis

aedile 'idail

aesthetic Es'GEtik

Aegean i'dsian |-geon -Msian Aegeus myth, 'idsjus, -dsus |-'s Aegina iMsaina

aestheticism Es'GEta^sizam |-thetics -'Getiks

ful [tooth tuG [further

'isap, 'isap;

aesthete 'esOiI |-al -I |-ally -li,

-ikh

aestival 'estavj, Es'taivl

-iz

aestivate 'estajvet |-d -id |-tion jEsta'vt /an

aes triplex, A- T- 'iz'traipkks

aegis 'idsis |-es -iz |full

S

aerostat 'era^staet, 'aera-; S 'aera-

-idh

advisement ad'vaizmant

advocacy 'aedvakasi advocate n 'aedvakit

,

aeronautic ^era'natik, ^aera-; S ^aera-

advisable adVaizabl j-bly -bh |-s

jaero-,

jaero-, ^earo-

aeronaut 'trajnat,

-iz

advisability adjvaiza'bilati

advise adVaiz

S

-li

'aera-

jaero-, jcaro-

jaedva-, -'vst-, -'vyt-

advertising, -tiz- n 'aedva^^taizig;

advice adVais

S

aerology ^ea'raladsi; ES+-'rDl-

-tize-

'yytiz-, -tis-;

'aera-;

aerodynamics ^erodai'naemiks,

ES

-iz |-d -d

advertisement,

e'lra-

E + 'tra-

aerobic jca'robik, e'robik |-ally

jaedva^'taiz ;

'aedva^jtaiz,

ES

'in

'aeri,

-id

|-cy -I |-tent -tnt -ize

e'lr-.

|-ly -i

aerify e'lra^fai, 'era-, 'aera-; S e'ira-, 'aera-;

('winds adVerse, 'ad/verse 'winds)

adversity adVysati;

advertise,

jfaam, 'aera-,

S

'aerial;

'erial,

radio 'erial, 'erial

aeriform e'irajfarm, 'era-, 'aera-;

-'yys-

advocate

'ialas,

'aer-;

'aedva-

|-lius's

-iz

aerate 'ea^ret |-d -id |-tion jca're/an aerial

ES

'aedva^jSeri;

|-lius

'ialis |-'s -iz |-t -t

Aeolus

|-es -iz

|-ly -i

ad verse adVys,

-frid.

Aeolia i'oba |-n -n Aeolis

t/asam adverb 'aedvyb; ES 'aedvsb, -vyb adverbial adVybial, aed-, -bjal;

-has

Aemilia i'miba

-

-t/araCr

adVent/a^sam;

adventuress adVentJans, -tjris

adversative

ES

'jelfa-d;

'ielfrad,

-ring

-tXa(r; |-d -d

-VEnt/ani), -Vent/rig |-rous -t/aras,

-Vyb-;

'«lfrid,

yElfric 'jElfrik

adventive aed'ventiv

adventure adVEntJa';

adventuresome

ES

-frad, -fad

adventitious jaedven'tijas, jaedvan-

adversary

-iz

|-'s

+ -'pot-

advantageous jaedvan'tedsas, -vaen-

-va-;

Aegisthus i'dsisGas

Aegospotami, -mos jigas'patajinai, -mas;

-d

'fs'tJa^;

ES

'kAstam [while bwail [how hau [toy tai [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

'fsSa [custom

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan

— Agag

aestuary aestuary '^st/uJEn aetheling

affy a'fai |affied a'faid

{OE

'aeGalir), 'aetfaliQ

/Ethelstan

'aeGal^staen,

afghan, A- '«fgan, -gaen

'aeS-)

-stan

'aeSal-,

(OE

'««-)

Afghanistan

aef 'gaena,staen, ;aefgaena'staen

afield a'fild

Aethiop

'iOijap;

Aethiopia

ES+-jDp

ES

afire a 'fair;

a'faia(r

aflame a 'flam

jiOi'opia [-n -n

Aethiopic jiOi'apik, -'opik; ES+-'Dpik

afloat a'flot

aetiology jiti'abdsi; ES+-'d1-

aflutter a'flAta-;

Aetna

afoot a'fut

'etna

ES

afar a'far;

3'fa:(r,

afore a'for, a'far;

E+3'fa:(r

affair a'fer, a'faer;

-bh

E

a'fUtaCr

ES

E+a'faafr

a'foafr,

see afore; (a'fore-jmentioned 'act)

3'f£3(r,

ES

aforesaid a'for^sed, a'far-;

3'faB3(r

ES

aforethought a'tor^Oat, a'far-;

affectation jaefik'te/an, yaefEk-

aforetime a'forjtaim, a'far-;

affection a'fek/an |-ed -d |-ate

a

-it

|-s

afraid a'fred; S+a'fred

-iz ]-d -t |-ant -ant

afreet

affidavit ^aefa'devit

'aefrit

afresh a'frej"

a'filiit, -,et

afi&liate v a'fihjet |-d -id

Afric 'aefrik |-a -a |-an -an

affiliation ajfili'e/an

Afrikaans ^aefri'kanz, -'kans

ES

ES a'fsm-, afem-;

|-b]y

ES ^aefaaffirmative a'fymotiv; ES a'fsm-, a'fsrnaffirmatory a'fymajtori, -jIdfi; ES a'fsmaaffirmation jsefa^'mejan;

n

'aefiks |-es -iz

ES

'aefta(r,

E + 'af-,

ES see after ES see after afterdeck 'aefta^jdek; ES see after after-dinner adj 'asfta^'dina^; ES 'aefta'dina(r, 'aefta-jdaemp;

'af-; ('after-^dinner 'mints)

E

ES

affliction a'flikjan |-tive -tiv

afterglow

affluence 'aefluans, -fliu- |-ent -ant

afterimage 'aBft3^;imid3;

afflux 'aefUks |-es -iz

afterlife 'aefta^^laif

afford a'ford, a'fard;

ES

a'foad, E+a'faad;

'aefta^jglo;

aftermath

;

ES

'aefta^imaeG;

afforest a'farist, a'far-, a'for- |-ed -id

aftermost

affranchise a'fraent/aiz

afternoon ^aefta^'nun;

|-s

-iz |-d

-d

affranchisement a^fraentjizmant

'af-; |-s -iz

ES

see

after;

|-ths

ES see after ES see after 'aefta^w^d; ES 'aeftawad, E + 'af-,

afterthought

'aefrikit

afterward

'af-; |-s -z

affright a 'f rait |-ed -id

is often

Agag

affront a'frAnt |-ed -id

See in fidl §§3-47.

E

-mast; ES see after ES see after; ('after^noon

'aefta^jinost,

affricative a'frikativ

|bath baeO;

E + 'af-,

sec after

aftertaste 'aefta^^test;

affricate v 'aefrijket |-d -id

Key:

'af-, 'af-

'tea)

affray a'fre |-ed -d

n

-i-

sec after

-Gs

|-ed -id

affricate

'af-

'aefta^bsO, 'aefta^bye,

'af-

aftereffect 'aeftarajfekt;

.

E -h'af-,

ES

afterbrain 'jefta^jbren;

E+'af-,

afflatus o'fletas

a'fhkt |-ed -id

'aefta^;

afterbirth 'aefta-^bye;

afterdamp

a'fym-, E+-jt3ri

affix V a'fiks [-es -iz |-ed -t

afflict

aft aeft; E-^aft, aft

after

-bli

affix

-da(r

Afro- American 'a;froa'm£rakan

a'fsm, a'fym; |-ed -d

affirmable a'fymabl;

/tori,

ES

Afrikander jsefri'kaenda^;

affinity a'finati

affirm a'fym;

ES

-jfar/i'ar-;

afoul a'faul

afferent 'aefarant

adj

'cjfor/i'orai,

-jfoa/i'orai, E+-jf3a/i'arai

affective a'ftktiv, ae'f-

afi&liate n,

fortiori

see afore

ES see afore ES see afore

affect a'fekt |-ed -id

alliance a'faians

ES

afore-mentioned a'for'menjand, a'far-;

affability jaefa'bibti

affable 'aefabl |-bly

ES

bee bi |pity

ba6 (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

'aefta^^eat;

A

dissimilated pron. 'aeftawa-d

heard {§121).

'egasg

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang sa;r| langr}?^ 'aeij-gri

far |watch wat/,

wntj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards

|go

go

— ahem

again again a 'gen,

Agincourt 'aedsm,kort, -^kart;

less freq. or poet, a 'gen

Agamemnon jaega'memnan,

-nan; ES+- nnn

'ega',

ES -ga:(r, -g3(r ES 'egar'ega:(r

agio 'aedso, 'aedsiiO {It 'a:dso)

Aglaia a'glea

Agassiz 'aegasi |Agassiz's 'aegasiz

aglet 'aeglit

agate w

agley a'glai = agly 'asquint^

'aegit, 'aagat

agate adv a 'get

aglow a'glo

Agatha

agly

'aegaOa

= agley

a'glai

Burns

in

-jwnm

agnat

'aegnaet

agaze a'gez

Agnes

'aegnis,

age eds iages 'edsiz \past &° pptc aged e dsd

Agnew

-age unstressed ending -ids, -ads.

agnostic

'aeg3,w3m, -jwam,

I

I

the

when only -ids

is given, it is to he

many

speakers pronounce

understood that

with

|

agnate 'aegnet -nas

|-'s

'aegnju, -niu,

-iz

-nu

aeg'nastik;

ES + -'nDS-;

|-ism

-ta^sizam

Agnus Dei

'aegnas'diai

ago a'go

-ads. 'edsid, 'of the age

'old'

agog a 'gag, a'gog

of edsd

agelong 'eds'bg, -'Ing; S+-'lao; ('age Jong

agonize 'aega^naiz

agony

'drift)

agenda pi a'dsenda

\sg

agendum a'dsendam

-iz |-d -d

|-s

-z |-rae -^ri

agoraphobia jaegara'fobia agouti a'guti

ageratum ^aedsa 'retain Ageratum a'dseratam, jaedsa'retam agglomerate adj, n a'glamarit,

|-s

'aegani |-ied -d

agora 'aegara

agency 'edsansi [agent 'edsant

agrarian a'grerian, a'grer- |-ism -^izam

ES+

-iret;

agree a'gri

|-d

-d |-able -abl |-bly -bh

agreeability ajgria'bilati

-'glnm-

agglomerate v a'glama/ret; ES+-'glDm-

;

l-d

Agricola a'grikala agricultural jaegri'kAltJaral [-ly

-id

ES

agglomeration ajglama'rejan; ES-i--;glDm-

agriculture 'aegrijkAltJa';

agglutinate adj a'ghitnit, -'gliu-, -^et

agriculturist /aegri'kAltJarist

agglutinate v a'glutrijct, -'gliu-

j-d -id

-tive

agrimony

-i |-ist -ist

-t/aCr

'aegrajinoni

Agrippa a'gripa

-tiv

agrology a'graladsi; ES+-'grDl-

agglutination ajglutn'ejan, -;glm-

aggrandize 'aegran^daiz, a'graen-

-iz

|-s

-d-d

aggrandizement a'graendizmant aggravate 'aegrajvet aggregate «, adj aggregate

|-d -id |-tion

jaegra'vejan

v 'aegri^get |-d -id |-tive -iv

aggregatory 'aegrigaitori, aggress a'gres

-,tari;

S

ES

-d |-dly -idli

j-d

ague 'egju

|-d

Aguecheek

'egju^t/ik

Ahab

a'grEsa(r

'ehseb

Ahasuerus ajhaezju'iras, a^haesu-

aghast a'gaest; E+a'gast, a'gast

Ahaz

agile 'aedsal, 'aedsil |-ly -dsilli, -dsili

ahead a 'bed

agility a'dsilati

ahem

[tooth tuG [further

'fs^'Sa^;

-d |aguing 'egjuig

ah a aha a'ha, a'ha, 'a'ha

aggression a'gre/an |-sive -siv

aggrieve a'griv

-mist

aguinaldo, A- iUgi'naldo {Sp ^agi'naldo)

-^tori

|-es -iz |-ed -t

aggressor a'gresa^;

agronomic jaegra'namik; ES + -'nDm-; |-al -I agronomy a'granami; ES-h-'grnn-; [-mist

aground a'graund

'aegrigit, -^get

aggregation i^gri'gejan

Ifull ful

rimed

joy, then pronounced dsai

agave, A- a'gevi

aged

-a(r

agitation jsedsa'te/an

agaric 'aegarik, a'gaerik

vocab.

ES

agitate 'aedsa,tet |-d -id |-tor -a';

'agar;

agar-agar 'egar'egar;

Agawam

-jkoat, E-i-

agiotage 'aedsatids, 'aedsia-

agape a'gep, a'gaep agar 'egar,

ES

-jkaat

against a'genst, less freq. or poet, a'genst

ES

'fstJa

'ehaez

|-'s

-iz

-'s -iz

a 'hem, 'in^m''m^m £rc.

[custom 'kAstani [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

Aherne

10

Aherne a'hyn; ES a'hsn, a'hyn

albatross aisle ail [aisled aild j-less 'aillis

Ahithophel, Ahito- a'hita^fel

Aisne en {Fr £:n)

Ahmed

aitch et/ [aitches 'et/iz [-bone -jbon

'amid, 'amed

ES

ahorse a'hars;

Aix eks

a'haas

ES

ahorseback a'harsjbaek;

[-'s

-iz

ES

Ahoskie a'haski; ES+a'hos-

ajar a'dsar;

ahoy a'hoi ahungered

Ajax 'edsaeks

Ai

ES

a'hAijga'd;

{Fr Eks)

Aix-la-Chapelle 'ekslaJae'pEl {Fr Eksla/a'pEl)

a'hoas-

Akbar

-gad

a'dsaifr, E-t-a'd3a:(r

'aekbar;

ES

ake Ho ache^ ek

'eai

-iz

|-'s

-ba:(r,

E+-ba:(r

[-d -t

aid ed aided 'edid

A

Aida a 'Ida aide ed aide-de-camp

Akenside 'ekin^said, 'ekanakimbo a'kimbo

|

'edda'kaemp,

'edda'ka

{Fr

Kempis a'ksmpis

akin a 'kin

Akkad

edda'ka) aides-de-camp 'edzda'kaemp, 'edzda'ka {Fr Edda'ka)

-iz

[-'s

'aekaed

Akkadian a'kedian, a'kadAkron 'aekran [-ite -^ait

aiglet 'egbt

a

aigrette 'egret, e'gret

Alabama

Aiken 'ekin, -an

alabamine jaela'baemui,

-in

alabaster 'aela^baesta^;

ES

ail el

1

ailed eld |-ment

-mant

ailanthus, A- e'laenOas -es -iz

Aileen

a

'elin, 'ai-, e'lin, ai-

air Er, aer;

E E3(r, ES aBa(r

air-cool 'er^kul, 'aer-;

air-cooled

adj

ES

see air; |-ed -d

'sr'kuld,

'aer-;

ES

see

air;

^ala'kart;

ES

-'ka:t, E-f--'ka:t;

aircraft 'etjkraeft, 'aer-;

E

'ea-, 'aea-, -^kraft.

-jkraft; S 'aea^kraeft

ES see air ES see air; |-ied Airedale 'er^del, 'aer-; ES see air airfield 'er/fild, 'aer-; ES see air airfoil 'Er^fail, 'aer-; ES see air 'aer-;

'Ef/port,

'aea-, -^paat;

'aer-; 'aer-,

ES

alary 'elan,

'Eajpoat,

E

'ael-

Alastor

a'laesta^, -tar;

ES

-ta(r, -t3a(r

alb aelb

'aer-;

Alban 'alban alban chem. 'aelban

Albania ael'benia, -nja

Albans 'albanz

Albany

S 'aen

See in full §§3^7.

-iz

alate 'elet [alated 'eletid

ES see air ES see air airsick 'er^sik, 'aer-; ES see air airt Ert, ajrt, ert; E Eat, ES aeat, eat airtight 'sr'tait, 'aer-; ES see air airway 'Er^we, 'aer-; ES see air

[bath baeO;

[-'s

Alaska a'laeska -n -n

E

airship 'Er^Jip, 'aer-;

'Eri, 'aeri;

a'la:b-;

alas a'laes; E-f-a'las, a 'las

S 'aeajpoat

airproof 'sr'pruf,

ES

{Fr ala'mad)

alarm a'larm; ES a'larm, E+a'la:m alarum a'laeram, a'kram; S a'laeram

see air

-jpart;

^aela-

Alaric 'aelarik

-d

airily 'erali, 'aer-, -ili; S 'aer-

airplane 'Er^plen,

'aela^mo

alamode jola'mod, Aland 'aland, 'aAlarbus a'larbas;

airdrome 'Er^drom, 'ar-; air-dry 'Er^drai,

Alamannic jiela'maemk alameda ^aela'meda Alanieda ^aela'mida, -'meda {Sp jala'meSa) alamo '^la^mo, 'al- {Sp 'alajmo)

Alamo

('air-jcooled 'motor)

Key:

carte

Aladdin a'laedin, a'laedn

Ainu 'ainu

airy

la

alacrity a'laekrati

ain't ent

airport

E-i--,bas-,

alack a'laek

emd

[aimed

-ta(r,

-mian

{Fr ala'kart)

Ailsa 'elsa, Sc 'elsa

em

;aela'baema j-n -n j-mian

-jbas-

aileron 'elajtan; ES-h-irDii

aim

la 'ala, 'ala {Fr ala)

[-'s

[-n

'albani

albatross 'aelba^tras, -jtros

bee bi [pity

baO (§10) |ah a

[far

'piti

-n

-iz

[-es -iz

(§6) [rate ret [yet JEt jsang saeg |angr\' 'aeg'gn

far [watch watj",

wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards

[go

go

albeit

Albemarle

ES

^aelbajmarl;

E+

-jma:!,

blda(r

alderman blda^man; ES blda-; [-men -man

ES pldaES bldani blda^ Jat; ES blda Jat, -Jot

aldermanic plda^'maenik;

-jina:l

ES 'aelbat ael'byta; ES -'bsta,

Alderney blda^m;

'aelba^t;

Alberta

ES

alder blda^;

albeit orbiit

Albert

Algiers

11

Aldershot

-'byta

Albigenses jaelbi'dsensiz

Aldine bldain, bldin

albinism Wlbajnizam

Aldington bldigtan

albino ael'baino |-binoism -jizam

Aldrich bldrit/

Albion 'aelbtan, -bjan

ale el

Albright blbrait

aleatory 'eliajtori, -jtari; S -/ton

Albro blbro, cf Aldborough

alee a'li

album 'aelbam, -bm albumen jel'bjuman, -'bium-

alehouse 'el^haus

albumin aerbjumin, -'biumalbuminoid

|-'s

-iz

|-ses -ziz

Alemannic jaela'maenik

|-ate -it, -^et

-'bium-

ael'bjumijnDid,

|-nose

alembic a'lembik

Alenfon a'lensan, -san, -son {Fr ala'so)

Aleppo a'lepo

-jnos -nous -nas I

Albuquerque 'aelba^kyki, jaelba'kyki, -bju-;

ES

-3-,

-y-

Alethea

alburnum ael'bynain; ES Alcaeus aersias

|-'s

ES

alert a'l^t;

a'bt, a'lyt; [ed -id

^aela'Gia,

aUiOia

Aleut 'aeh/Ut

-'ban-, -'byn-

Aleutian a'lu/an, a'liu-

-iz

Alcaic ael'ke-ik

alewife 'el^waif |-wives -jWaivz

alcaide ael'ked {Sp al'kaiSe)

Aleyn

alcalde ael'kaeldi {Sp al'kalde)

Alexander jaebg'zaenda^,

Alcatraz

jselks'traez

'aelkajtraez,

{Am Sp

A-

aerkaeza^;

Alcestis ael'sEstis

-an

|-'s

ES

-z3(r;

{Sp al'kaOar)

Alexas a'leksas Alexis a'kksis

Alcibiades jaelsa'baiajdiz

alfalfa,

|-'s

-iz

-'zaenda(r;

|-'s

A-

-ksas

|-xis'

-ksis

ael'faelfa

Alford blfa^d;

-iz

Alcmene aelkWini

ES

blfad

Alfred 'aeUrid, -frad, -fa^d;

Alcoa ael'koa

ES

-frid, -frad,

-fad

alcohol 'aelkajhol, -yhol, -jhal |-ism -jizam jaelks^hahk,

|-xas'

Alfonso ael'fanzo, -so; ES+-'fDn-

Alcides ael'saidiz |-des' -diz Alcinoiis ael'sinuas

-li,

ES

alexin aUeksin

-iz

alchemist 'felkamist |-my -nu

alcohohc

jtlig-;

|-dra -dra |-dria -dria |-drian -drian |-drine

-drin

^alka'tras)

alcazar,

'aelin,

-'hnl-,

-'hal-

|-ally

-ikh

Alfreda ael'frida ('Al^freda 'Burroughs) Alfredian ael'fridian alfresco ael'fresko

alcoholicity jaelkdbarisati, -hoi-, -hal-

Alfric 'aeUrik

Alcoran jaelko'ran, -'ran

alga 'aelga algae 'aeldsi

Alcott bikat

algebra 'aeldsabra

alcove 'aelkov

algebraic jaeldsa'bre-ik

Alcuin 'alkwin

algebraist 'aeldsajbre-ist

Alcyone

Algeciras ^aeldsi'siras

|

aersaiajiii

Alda 'alda Aldan Pa bldan, Russia al'dan Aldborough bld^byo, 'al^b-, -a; ES

Alger

'aeld33';

ES

j-al -1 |-ally -ji, -ikli

|-'s

-iz

{Sp

jalxe'Giras)

'aeldgaCr

Algeria ael'dsiria j-n -n -jbsr-,

-jbAr-, -jby-; Brit bldbara, bib-, -bra

Algerine iaeldja'tin

Algernon 'aeldsa^nan;

Aldebaran sel'dEbaran

algid 'aeldsid

aldehyde 'aeldajhaid

Algiers

ael'dsirz;

ES

ES

'aeldsa-

-'dsiaz,

S+-'d3Eaz;

Alden bldin, -dan |full

ful Itooth tue [further 'fytSa-;

ES

'fstJa

[custom jkAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

Algoi Algol

allomorphic

12 all- American

'aelgal, -gol

bb'tnerakan

Algoma ael'goma

Allan 'aebn

Algona ael'gona Algonkian seVgagkion, -'gngAlgonquian ael'gagkian, -kwian, -'gogAlgonquin ael'gagkin, -kwin, -'goo-

Allardice 'aela^jdais;

algorism '^elgajrizam |algorithm 'aelgajriiJam

Allegany

Alhambra ael'haembra

allegation jaeb'ge/an

alias 'elias |-es -iz

allege

Ali

Baba

Alice

|-'s

-iz

Allegan 'aebgan

NY

Md,

a'kds

|-s

'aeb^geni

-iz |-d -d |-dly -idli

Alleghany NC, Va 'aeb^geni Allegheny

-d

Pa city,

-iz

|-s

,xWgorik,

allegoric

Alicia a'lijia alien 'eljan, 'eban

'aeb^geni

riv., college

allegiance a'lidsans

'aelis |-'s -iz

Aliena Shak.

'asb-;

('all-a, round 'skill)

allay a'le |-ed -d

'aeh'baba, 'ali'baba

alibi 'aebjbai |-ed

ES

all-around 'ab'raund

-'gar-,

-'gor-

j-al

-I

'aebgarist;

S

|-ally -li, -ikli

allegorist

^eli'ina

'aebjgorist,

-igor-,

-;gor-, -gar-

alienability jcljana'bibti, jclian-

alienable 'eljanabl, 'elian-

allegoristic ^aebga'ristik

alienate 'eljanyct, 'elian- |-d -id

allegorize 'aebga^raiz

alienation jcljan'ejan, /chon-

allegory 'aeb/gon, -jgari; S -;gori

alienism 'eljaiijizam, 'ehan-

allegretto ,a2la'greto {It jalle'gretto)

|-ist -ist

-d

-iz |-d

|-s

allegro a'legro, a'kgro (// al'le:gro)

alight adv a'lait

-an

alight V a'lait |-ed -id or alit a 'lit

Alleine

align 3 'lam |-ed -d

allelomorph a'lib;marf, -'kl-;

alike a'laik

alleluia ,aela'luja, -'liuja

aliment n 'aebmant

allemande jaeb'maend (Fr al'maid)

aliment

Allen

'ael3jm2nt |-ed -id

v

alimental ^aela'niEntl

'aelin,

'aelin,

Allenby

|-ly -i

Allentown

ahmentation jaebniEn'te/an alimony 'aebjinoni

allergic a'lydjik;

-an-

'aelin^taun, -an-

ES -'bds-, -'lydsES 'aebdsi 'aela^tan; ES 'aelatan

allergy 'aela^dsi;

Allerton

-d

|-d

-,maaf

-an

'felinbi,

alimentary jaeb'mEntari, -'mEntri

ahne a 'lam

ES

Aline a'lin

alleviate a'livijCt |-d -id |-tion ajlivi'ej"an

aliquant 'aebkwant Iquot -kwat

alley

Aliquippa ^seb'kwipa

Alleyn 'aelm, -an

Alison 'aebsn

Allhallows pl'hasloz, -laz

alit

past b' pptc of alight a 'lit

'aeli

alliance,

|-ed -d

A- a'laians

alive a'laiv

aUied a'laid

alizarin a'lizarm j-rine -rin -jfin

Allies 'aelaiz, a'laiz

alkahest 'aelka^hEst

alligator 'aebjgeta';

alkalescence jaelks'lEsns |-cy

-i |-nt

|-s

-iz |-d -t

('aljlied 'armies)

ES

-jgeta(r

Allingham 'aeligam

-nt

alkali 'aelkajai

Allison 'aebsn

alkalify 'aelkab^fai, ael'kaeb- |-fied -^faid

alliterate a'lita,ret |-d -id |-tive -iv

alkaline 'aelka^lain, -lin

alliteration ajbta'rejan, ^aebta-

allocable 'aebkabl

alkalinity jaelka'linati alkalize 'ajlkajaiz

-s -iz |-d

alkaloid 'aelkajaid

|-al

Alkoran

-d

allocate 'aeb^ket, 'aelo- |-d -id

allocation ,aela'keXan, ,aelo-

^aelka'bidj

allocution jaeb'kju/an,

^a^lkc'ran, -'rasn

jaelo-,

ES

allDl

allomorph 'aeb/inarf;

Allah 'aeb, 'ab

allomorphic jaeb'marfik;

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

E

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

-'kiu-

-^maaf

ES

-'maaf-

(§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr>' 'ieg-gri

far |vvatch wat/,

wot/ (§12) |jaw d5a |gorge gards

|go

go

— allopath allopath 'aebjpjEG

Alne an

-Os

|-tlis

Alnmouth

allopathic ^aeb'paeOik

ES+-Udp-;

allopathist a'lapaGist;

ES+a'lot;

allot a'lat;

j-thy -Gi

Alnwick

1-ted -id

aloe

ES+-'trDp-;

jsela'trapik;

allotropic l-ally -h,

|-al

-1

-ikh

bliOva^;

ES

'aenik, loc. 'anik

'aelo |-s -z

aloft a'bft, a 'loft

along a'bg, a'lng; S+a'lag

-'ov3(r; (an bl'ova^

wan) allow a'lau |-ed -d 1-edly -idli

allowance a'lauans

|-s

n

'aebi,

(a'long'side

it,

aloud a'laud

a'bi

all-round bl'raund ('all-around 'help)

Aloysius

allspice 'al/Spais

alp aelp

j-s

-iz

a'lo jselo'isias, -'i/as |-'s -iz

alpaca ael'paeka

Allston 'alstan

Alpena

allude a'lud, a'liud |-d -id a'liur;

ES

3'liu3(r;

a'luafr,

ael'pina

alpenhorn 'aelpin^harn, -pan-;

ES

allusion a'lusan, a'liusan, ae-

alpha, A-

allusive a'lusiv, a'liusiv

alphabet

alluvial a'luvial, a'liuv-, -vjal

alphabetic ^aelfa'betik

alluvion a'luvian, a'liuv- |-vium -viam ]-via

alphabetize 'aelfaba^taiz

'aelfa 'aelfa jbet

Alphaeus, -phe- Bib.

-via

Alpheus mod. name

'aelai, a'lai

Alphonse

ally V a'lai [allied a 'laid

almagest 'aelmajdjest

The

-ta(r;

hybrid

'aelma'mata^

is

fre-

-s -iz |-d

'almajiiaek, 'almanik

'aelfias, viyth. ael'fias

ael'fanz, -'fonz, -'fanz

Alphonso

ael'fanzo, -so;

Alps aelps

Alsace ael'ses,

'aelsaes |-'s -iz

{Fr al'zas)

Almon

Alsatia ael'se/ia, -/a |-tian -/an

'aelman

— 'aemand, now

almond 'amand, 'aemand

less

freq., is preserved by some old families. In

'amana';

ES

-na(r

al'most,

'aljinost

amz

|

[full

ael'tai, ael'te-ai

ES

al'most;

altar

'alta^;

ES

'alta(r; |-ed

altarpiece 'alta^^pis;

|-s

[Altaic ael'te-ik

-ia(r

Altamaha pltama'ha ('done,

alter

-iz

-d

'alta-; [-s -iz

'alta^;

ES

'alta(r;

|-ed

-d [-ing 'altarig.

'altrig

]^\

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa^;

ES

altazimuth aelt'aezamaG

-giving -jgivig [-house -^haus

almuce 'aelmjus, -mius Aln aeln, loc.+eX, 'alan,

also 'also

Altair ael'ta-ir;

'aljmost 'done)

alms

-Id-, 'aeljsaes-

alsike 'aelsaik, 'al-

Altai

is freq.

almonry 'aelmanri, 'amanri almost

{Fr

ES+-'fDn-

Alsace-Lorraine 'ael^seslc'ren,

'aelmana"^,

-iz

alright al'rait

'aelma'taedima

'aelmand

|-'s

Alpine 'aelpain, -pin

almighty, A- al'maiti ('al^mighty 'truth)

NEngd

-d

ael'fias, 'aelf- |-'s -iz

already al'redi

quently heard.

Alma-Tadema

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

al'fo:s)

Alma US 'aelxna, Russia 'alma Alma Mater 'aelma'meta', 'alma'mata^; ES

almoner

-^haan

alpenstock 'aelpin^stak, -pan-; ES+-jStDk

l-d-d

almanac

S+a'lag-;

a'log-;

a'longjside a 'barge)

aloof a'luf

alow

n

-jXoa(r,

Alonso, -zo a'lanzo; ES+a'lon-

-iz

alloy V a'bi |-ed -d

a'lur,

a'bg'said,

alongside

Alio way 'aela^we

ally

E

alongshore a'bgy/or, a'lng-, -j/ar; -;X3a(r; S -/Xoa(r, a'lag-

allowable a'lauabl |-bly -bli

allure

+ 'elmaG,

alone a 'Ion

-jOV3(r

ES

allover adj bl'ova^;

alloy

/oc.

aloha a'loa, a'loha

allotropy a'latrapi; ES+a'lot-

n

-maO,

'aelnjmauG,

'JElmaG

alio trope 'ael3;trop

allover

alter

13

ES

'fa'Sa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

alterant bltarant alteration plta're/an |-rative bltajretiv altercate blta^^ket,

ES

-ta-

^ael-;

ES

'ael-;

altercation plta^'ke/an,

ES

ael-;

alternate n, adj blta^nit,

ES

-ta-; |-ly-Ii,

ES -ta- |-d -id alternation plta^'nejan, ^ael-; ES -taalternative al'tynativ, ael-; ES -'tsn-, -'tynalternator blta'jneta^, 'ael-; ES -ta^netaCr 'ael-

Altgeld 'altgeld {Ger

;

-jdar;

;

'aemala^kait

|-ite

amalgamate adj a'malgamit, -^met amalgamate v a'maelga^met l-d -id amalgamation a^maelga'me/an

Amanda a'maenda amanita, A- ,aema'naita,

-'nita

amanuensis a^maenju'ensis

'altgelt)

amaranth 'aemajraenO

ael'eia

ES

altimeter ael'timata^,

[-ths -6s

Amarillo ;aema'rilo 'aeltajinita^;

ES

A-

amaryllis,

-ta(r

jaema'rilis |-lises -lisiz

altissimo ael'tisa^mo {It al'tissi^mo)

Amasa

altitude 'aelta^tjud, -jtiud, -jtud

amass a'maes |-es -iz [-ed amateur n 'aema^t/ur,

altitudinal jaelta'tjudnl, -'tiud-, -'tud-

Altman 'altman

-ta',

alto 'aelto

-'kium-

ES

-'gEtfoir

'altn

-tjacr,

Altoona ael'tuna -rilievo

best

'alto-ri-

-ta(r,

^aema'taCr,

alto-stratus 'aelto'stretas

altruism 'aeltru,izani

amateurish

|-es -iz |-ti -tai

{Fr ama'toe:r)

The

tite

'aelam |-ed -d a'liu-

aluminium jaelja'miniam aluminum a'lummam, a'liu- |-nous -nas alumna a'lAmna |alumnae a'Umni alumnus a'Umnas [-'s -iz |-ni -nai Alva 'aelva

ES

-'vlala(r

alveolus ael'vialas

|-li

-Jai

1st,

most

Otiier prons.

habits of English.

aem'bedsiz

ambassador aem'baesada^, am-; ES -da(r ambassadorial aem^baesa'dorial, am-, -'dar-; S -'dor-

ambassadress aem'baesadris, am-

ES

ambidexterity jSembadeks'tErati bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

'aemba^;

ambidexter

|-es -iz

'aemba(r; |-ed -d

ambergris 'aemba^jgris, -gris;

m

E

1st.

jaema'tyij", -'tjuri/, -'tiur-, -'tur-;

A.M., a.m. 'e'em in full §§3-^7.

TJte 2d, 3d,

normal variations of the

amber

|bath bae6;

-tja'.

-jtua(r.

freq., accords

alway 'alwe always 'alwiz, 'alwez, 'alwaz; S 'alwez, -wiz alyssum, A- a'lisam am stressed 'aem, ^aem; tmstr. am,

Key: See

-jtor,

-jtiua(r,

amatory 'aemajtori, -jtari; S -jtori amaze a'mez |-s -iz |-d -d |-dly -idk Amaziah jaema'zaia Amazon, a- 'aema^zan, -zn; ES+-jZDn Amazonian, a- jaema'zonian ambage 'aembids |-s -iz or as L ambages

'aeltas |-'s -iz

aludel 'aeljujdel

alveolar ael'viala^;

{Fr

-'ty;

ES+-'t3riX amative 'aemativ

|-ist -ist

altruistic jjcltru'istik |-ally -li, -ikli

alumina a'lumina,

-jtiur,

'aemajtXua(r,

-ta(r;

with

-t/a^,

-jtiua(r.

see note below

4th, 6° 5th are

'IJEIVO)

alum

'aemayt/uaCr,

were reported.

alto-relievo 'aeltOTi'livo {It

Altus

ES

-ta^;

-jtur,

-jtiur,

ES

jaema'ty;

ama'toe:r)

j-es

-t

amateur adj 'aema^tjur,

altogether plta'getJa^;

Alton

'aemasa

-jtua(r, -tXa(r,

jaelto'kjumjalas,

-Jai

|-li

-sis \pl -nses

|-sis'

amaranthine jaema'raenOin

-jhaan

although, altho ar'So

-iz

E+

-^doaCr,

-'£nslz

althorn 'aelt^harn;

alto-cumulus

ES

{Sp iama'tSar)

amalgam a'maelgam

ael'Oia

A-

'aema^dor,

amain a 'men Amalek 'aemajek

flcc/+ al 'ternate (ly

alternate v blta^^net,

-iz

Amador -jdaaCr;

-'t3n-, -'tyn-

'ael-;

Amabel 'aema^bEl Amadis 'aemadis |-'s

-ta-

alter ego 'aelta^'igo, -'£go

alternant al'tynant,

althea,

ambidexterity

14

alterant

Althaea

—

—

)

jaemba'deksta-;

ES 'aembaES -'deksta(r;

|-trous -tras

'piti (§6)

|rate ret |yet jet [sang saeg langn*' 'aeo'gri

far |watch watj,

wot/ (§12) |jaw dja [gorge gards

|go

go

ambient

amort

15

Amesbury

ambient 'aembiant ambiguity jsembi'gjuati, -'giuati ambiguous aem'bigjuas ambition aem'bi/an |-tious -/as ambivalence aem^bivalans |-cy -i |-ent -ant

'emzjberi,

-ban

amethyst 'aemaOist Amfortas Ger am'fartas Amherst 'aema^st; ES '^emast amiability ^emia'bilati

amble 'aembi |-d -d |-ling ^^embhg, 'jemblig ambler, A- 'aembla^; ES 'aembl3(r Ambleside ^aembl^said Ambridge 'aembrids |-'s -iz Ambrose 'aembroz j-'s -iz

amiable 'emiabl

ambrosia aem'brosia, -33

amid prep a 'mid amide chem. 'aemaid, 'aemid |-mid -mid

|-1

|-Uy

-1

-li |-n

-n

Ambrosian aem'brozian, -san ambrotype 'aembra^taip, -bro-

ambry

amicability jaemika'bilati

amicable 'aemikab} |-bly -bh

amice 'aemis

|-s

-iz

amidine 'aemi^din,

ambsace ^emzjes, ^aemz- |-s -iz ambulance 'aembjabns |-s -iz |-d ambulate 'aembjajet |-d -id

ambulatory ^aembjabjton, -/tori; S ambuscade jaembas'ked |-d -id

ambush 'aembu/ 1-es -iz |-ed ameba a'miba |-s -z |-bae -bi amebean jaemi^bian

-dm

ameliorate a'miljajret

-jtori

amir a'mir;

-t

|-n

ES

a'mia(r

amiss a 'mis

-n

Amite a'mit amitosis ^iema'tosis

amity 'aemati [Amityville

ammeter 'aem/mita', ammine 'aemin

|-d -id

'e'raen,

ammino

'aemi^no

Ammon

'aeman

-bk

ammoniacal ^aema'naiakl ammoniate a'moni/Ct |-d -id ammonite 'aemajnait

ammonia a'monja,

'a 'men

god 'aman

amenable a'minabl, a 'men-

|-bly

'e^men'Rarna'; |-ed -id |-s

ES

'femati^vil

'ae^mita^;

'a-; singing

amelioration a/iniljaVe/an

amen 'e'men; worship

amidst a 'midst

Amiens Shak. 'aemianz, Dublin street 'emjanz. Fr city 'aemianz |-'s -iz {Fr a'mja) amine a'min |amin 'aemin amino a'mino

amebic a'mibik [ameboid a'mibaid ameer a'mir; ES a'miaCr Amelia a'miija

amend a 'mend

|-din

amidships a'midjips -nt

-t |-nt

ambulation jaembja'le/an

Amen Comer

-dm

amido a'mido, 'aemijdo

'aembri

Amen Egyp

|-bly -bli

amic 'aemik

-'kaana(r

a'mendz, a'menz

Ammonite

ES -jmita(r

-nia [-niac a'moni/aek

'aeman^ait

amenity a'menati

ammonium a'moniam

ament 'catkin' 'aemant, 'emant ament 'moron' 'emant

ammunition /aemja'ni/an amnesia aem'nisia, -3a amnesty 'aem^nesti, 'aemnasti

amentia e'men/ia, a'menjia amerce a'mys; ES a'mss, a'mys;

America a'meraka, a'menka

j-s

|-n

-iz 1-d -t

-n |-nism

amok a'mAk, a'mak, a'mnk among a'mAg |-st -st, -kst

-'kaena, -'kana

Americanize a'merakan^aiz

|-s

-iz |-d

-d

Americus a'menkas |-'s -iz Americus Vespucius a'menkas ves'pju/as. -'piu-

Amerigo Vespucci a'merijgo ves'put/i

{It

jame'ri:go ves'puttji)

Amerind 'aema^rind Ifull

-bl |-n -n

amoebic a'mibik [amoeboid a'mibaid

-n^izam

Americana a/mera'kena,

,

amoeba a'mlba |-s -z |-bae amoebaean ^aemi'bian

|-ian

jaema'rindian

ful [tooth tue [further 'fySa^;

ES

'fstJa

amoral e'maral, e'maral, e'mnral

Amorite 'aemajtait

amorous 'aemaras amorphism a'marfizam; ES a'maafamorphous a'marfas; ES a'maafas amort a 'mart; ES a'maat [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

amortization

16

amortization jaema-ta'ze/an, ajinart-, -ai'z-;

ES

amortize

-iz |-d

|-s

Amory 'emari Amos 'emas |-'s

ES

a'mortaiz;

'aema^^taiz,

a'moa-;

amylolysis jaemi'labsis; ES-i--UdI-

amylose 'aemi^bs |amylum 'aemibm

a^maat-

iflema-,

anal

'aema-.

Amyot Amzi

-d

'emiat (Fr a'mjo)

'aemzai

an unstressed an, n ana 'ena, 'ana

-iz

;

rarely stressed 'aen, ^aen

Amoskeag jaemas'kEg amount o'maunt |-ed -id amour a'mur, ae-; ES -'mu3(r amour-propre Fr amur'prbpr

-ana -'ena, -'aena, -'ana

Amoy

anachronism a'naekrajnizam

anabolism a'naebljizam

a'mai

amperage aem'pirids,

Ampere (/^r

Anabaptist /asna'baeptist anabasis, A- a'naebasis |-bases -bajsiz

-iz

anachronistic

-Vi3(r. -pE3(r;

-b, -ikb

'aenijpirids

aem'pir, 'asmpcr;

ES

|-s

anaclinal jsena'klainl

anacUtic j^ena'kbtik

anacoluthic

jaenaka'luOik,

-'bu9- |-ally -b.

-ikb

anacoluthon jSenaka'luOan, -'bu6-, -on, -an

anaconda, A- ^aena'kanda; ES+-'kDnAnacortes ^aena'kartiz, I-'S

ES

amphitheater, -tre ^semiafiht^, -fii3-;

-tez, -tas;

ES

-

'kaa-;

-IZ

Anacostia ^aena'kastia, -'kos-, -'kas-

Anacreon a'n«krian, -^an; ES+-jDn

-t3(r

'aemfara

ample 'aempl

|-s

Anacreontic a^naekn'ontik;

-z |-rae -^ri

|-r -pla^;

ES

-pl3(r; |-st -plist

amplifier 'asmpbjfaia^;

amplify 'sempla^fai

ES

ampulla aem'pAla, -'pub

-z |-lae

amputate 'aempjajtet, 'aempju- |-d amputation jaempja'tejan, -pjuAin'ritsa^;

ES

-cruses -siz

-'da:ko

E+

anaerobe aett'ea^rob

-li

anaerobic aenjea'robik, jaenE'robik

-id

anaesthesia jaenas'Oisa, -31a anaesthetic jaenas'Oetik |-ally -b, -ikb

Amsterdam US 'aemsta^jdaem, Nelh+ ,xmst2^Maem; ES -sta-; {Dii jamstar'dam)

anaesthetist a'nesOatist

Amstutz 'aemstAts amuck a'mAk

anaglyph 'aena^gbf

{Ger 'am/tuts)

anaesthetize a'nesGa^taiz

|-s

-iz |-d -d

anagoge jaena'godsi j-gogy 'aenajgodgi

amulet 'aemjalit

anagogic ^aena'gadsik; ES-i--'gDd3-;

Amundsen 'amansn, 'amundsn Amur a'mur; ES a'mua(r amuse a'mjuz, a'miuz

-iz

|-s

l-ally

|-d

-d

|-dly

1-al

-!

-b, -ikb

anagram 'aenajgraem anagrammatic jaenagra'maetik

-j

I-ally

'ana^kim

1-ims

|-al

-h. -ikb

-idli

Anaheim 'asnajbaim Anak 'enaek |-s -s

amusive a'mjuziv, a'miuziv 'emi

amygdalin a'migdakn

|-line

'aemil [-ase -i^les |-ene -ijin

Key:

See in full §§3~17.

E

anal 'enl

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

|-im

'aenajkimz

-bn, -^lain

amyl

Ibath baeO;

j

anadromous a'naedramas anaemia a'nimia |-mic -nuk

-'ritsa(r

[-es -iz

ES

anadem 'ajnajdem

-jtiud, -^tud

|-s

jaena'dorko;

-'da:ko

-,fai'3(r

|-fied -;faid

amphtude 'aempbjtjud, amply 'iempli

ES + -'Dntik

anacrusis ^aena'krusis, -'kriu-

Anadarko

amplification jacmpbfa'keXan

Amy

l-ally

anacoluthia /aenaka'lu6ia, -'bu6-

-pas-

amphetamine aem^fetajinin, -mm amphibian aem'fibian |-bious -bias amphibrach 'aemfijbraek amphictyon ajm'fiktian |-y -i amphictyonic aem^fikti'anik; ES+-'DnAmphion asm'faian

Amritsar

-1

|-al

anachronous a'naekranas

a'p£:r)

ampere 'aempir, sem^pir; ES -pi3(r, -V^Cr ampersand ^semp^s,xnd, jaempa's'aBnd; ES

amphora

a^naekra'nistik

'piti

|-ly -i

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saerj |angr}' 'aeg-gri

far [watch wat/,

wotj

(§12) |jaw d^o [gorge gards |go go

analects

ancestress 'aensEstns

analects 'aenajkkts [analecta ^aens'lekta

analgesia jaen^erdsizia, -sia

analogic

androgen

17

|-sic

ES+-'Dd3-;

(Senl'adsik;

Anchises aen'kaisiz,

-zik, -sik -1

|-al

anchor

|-es -iz

aerj- |-ses' -siz

ES

'aegka';

'aegkacr;

anchorage 'aegkaridg, -krid3

analogist d'naelsdsist

analogize a'naebjdsaiz

|-s

-iz |-d

anchoress 'aegkans, -kris

-d

analogous a'naelagas

anchoret 'aegkarit, -£t

analogue 'aenlpg, -^ag, -jOg

anchorite 'aegka^rait

analogy a'naebdsi analphabetic jaenaelfa'betik

|-al

-1 |-ally

-li,

anchovy anchusa

'aenjt/ovi, 'aentjavi, aen'tjovi

(L

-'t/iuza

aen't/uza,

ancien regime

analysable 'aenl^aizabl

analyse 'aenljaiz

-iz [-d

|-s

aeg'kjuza,

ancress 'aegkris

analytic ^aenl'itik

analyzable 'aenl^aizabl -iz |-d -d

j-s

|-es

-iz= anchoress

and usually unstressed: before vowels and. End, nd ('sno and 'ais, 'bed nd 'arm); before consonants and often before voioels an ('maen an 'bist), En, n ('rad n 'gAn, 'fes n 'aiz), n ('bAta^ n 'egz) after p or b often m ('kAp m 'sasa^, 'rAb m 'pahj); after k or g often g

|-al -j |-ally -ji, -ikli

analytics ^aenl'itiks

analyze 'aenl^aiz

fisjse-re'sim

ancillary 'aensajEn, Brit aen'silari

analyst 'aenlist

d'naem

;

Ananias jaena'naias

-iz

|-'s

('djaek g 'dsil, 'baeg g 'baegids); stressed

anapaest, -pest 'aena^pEst anapaestic, -pes- jaen3'p£stik

|-al -1 |-ally -ji,

or in pause: before vowels 'aend, ^asnd, or

The forms with

before consonants 'aen, ^aen.

-ikli

anaphora a'naefara

|-1

anaphoric ^aena'farik,

-d occ2ir in ordinary speech before vowels

-1

-'far-, -'for- |-al -1

('frl

anaplasty ^xn3,plsesti

anarch 'aenark;

ES

ES

('stap

E+-a:k

-'a:k-,

E+-'a:k-;

|-al

ES

anarchism 'aena^jkizam;

ES

anarchist 'aena'kist;

anarchistic ^aena^'kistik;

1,

r,

w, bw,

('yh and

'let),

common

an

there

'it),

Andalusia ^aenda'lusa, -'hu-, -/a

andante

'aena-

|-n

-n

aen'daenti, an'danti {It an'dante)

Andean

ES

Andersen 'aenda^sn; ES 'aendasn;

^aena-

^aenastig'maetik,

^aenaestig-,

Andes

aen'dian, 'aendian

-'mosiz

anastrophe a'naestrafi

ES

'aendava(r

anathematize a'naeOsmSjtaiz |-n

-iz |-d -d

|-s

-n

jaena'tamik; ES+-'tDm-;

|-al

-1

Andreas 'aendrias

-h, -ikh

|-'s

-iz

Andrew

anatomize a^naetSjinaiz

Androcles 'aendrajkliz

|-'s

-iz

Androclus 'aendraklas

|-'s

-iz

|-s

-iz |-d -d

Anaxagoras jaenaeks'aegaras ancestral aen'sEstral

|-'s

-iz

[-ly -i [-try

'aendru, 'aendriu

androgen

-S£st3(r

'ansEstri

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa';

ES

'fstJa

ES

-'sa:to; (It an'dr£:adel'sarto)

anatomist a'naetamist [-my -mi

ES

-yai-an, -^aian

Andorra aen'dara, -'dara, -'dnra Andover 'aendova^; ES -dova(r; Mass loc.+

Andrade aen'dradi Andre 'aendri, 'andre Andrea del Sarto 'andriadEl'sarto;

anathema s'naeOsma Anatolia jaena'toha

j-son -sn

'aendiz |-des' -diz

andiron 'aend^aia^n, -^airn;

aen^aes-

ancestor 'aensEsta^;

j

'aenakist; |-chy -ki

anastomosis jaenasta'mosis, ajnaesta- |-moses

anatomic

or

Andaman 'aendaman

-h, -ikb

anastigmatic

'izi)

and are regtdar before other consonants ('go an 'si, 'trai an 'du it).

^aena'pl^stik

'aena:k,

anarchic aen'arkik; -1 l-ally

|-tic

and

but those without -d are also

anaphylaxis ^aenafa'laeksis

l-ally

Fr

ancient 'en/ant

-d

analysis a'naelasis |-yses -a^siz

|full

-iz

|-s

j-es -iz

-'km-)

-ikli

Anam

-d |-ing

|-ed

'aegkarig, 'aegkrig

|-ally -li, -ikli

'aendradjan,

|-s

-z |-s's -ziz

-dsin

|-ic

^aendra-

'dsEnik

|custom 'kAStam |while hwail |how hau

|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish d^f |vision 'visan

|Eden

'idn |cradle 'kred} |keep

|toj^ tai

'em 'kipm

androgynous

18

aniline angiosperm

androgynous aen'dradsanas ; ES+-'drDd3-

angle 'aeggl

Andronicus ^aendra'naikas, S/mk. aen'drani-

angler 'aeggla^;

kas; ES+-'drDn-;

|-'s

ES

-d |-ling 'aegglig, 'aegg}ig

|-d

ES

'aeggla(r

Angles 'aegglz Anglesey, -sea 'aegglsi

-iz

angleworm 'aeggljwym; ES -^wam, -^wym

a'niaCr, S+3'nje3(r, a'njiaCr,

Anglia 'aegglia

Anglican 'aeggkkan

3'ne3(r

anecdotal jiemk'dotl ('aneCydotal 'speech)

Anglicism 'aeggbiSizam

anecdote 'aemk^dot

Anglicize 'aeggla^saiz

anecdotic

-^spam.

-iSpym

-iz

Andros 'aendras, -dras; ES+-drDs; |-'s Androscoggin jjendrs'skagin, -'skoganear a'mr;

ES

'aendsiOjSpym;

Andromache aen'dramski; ES+-'drDmAndromeda aen'dramida; ES+-'drDm-

|-d -id [-tage

jsenik'datik;

|-ally -li,

anele a 'nil

-ids

ES+-'dDt-;

|-al

-1

-d

-iz |-d

|-fied -^faid

Anglin 'aegglin

-ikh |-d

Anglify 'aeggla^fai

|-cist -sist

|-s

Anglist 'aegglist

-d

j-ics

aeg'glistiks

anelectric jaeni'lektrik

Anglo-American 'aeggloa'merakan

anemia a'nimia |-mic -mik anemometer jaena'mamata'; ES -'mam3t3(r.

Anglo-Catholic 'aegglo'kaeealik, -'kaeOlik

Anglo-CathoLicism 'aeggloka'OalajSizam;

+

-'niDm-

anemometric jaenama'metrik

|-al -| |-ally -|i,

-ikh

Anglo-Egyptian 'aegglo'i'dsip/an Anglo-French 'aegglo'frent/

anemone, A- d'nemajni anent a'nEnt

Anglo-Indian 'aegglo'indian, -djan

aneroid 'aenajfoid

Anglo-Japanese 'aegglojdsaepa'niz

Anglo-Irish 'aegglo'airij

Anglomania jaeggla'menia, -glo- |-niac -ni^aek Anglo-Norman 'aegglo'narman; ES -'naaman AnglophUe 'aeggla^fail, -gloAnglophobe 'aeggla,fob, -gloAnglophobia jaeggla'fobia, -gloAnglo-Saxon 'aegglo'saeksn j-dom -dam |-ism

anesthesia jaenas'Oisa, -31a anesthetic jsenas'Oetik |-ally

-ikh

-li,

anesthetist a'nesOatist

anesthetize a'nesGajtaiz

-iz |-d -d

|-s

aneurysm, -rism 'aenjajrizam

anew

a'nju, a'niu, a'nu

-jizam

anfractuous aen'fraektjuas

Angola aeg'gola, aenAngora aeg'gora, aen-,

angary 'aeggari angel,

A- 'endsal

Angela 'aendsala angelic aen'dsElik

angry

angstrom 'aegstram

'aeggri |-grily -grak,

Angell 'endsal

anguish 'feggwi/

Angelo 'aendsajo Angelus 'aendsalas

angular

ES

'aegga^li;

Angers

'aendsa^z,

-d

|-ed

'aegga(r;

]-ing

ES

ES

'aeggjala(r

angulate adj 'aeggjaht, -Jet angulate v 'aeggjajet

'aegga'z;

ES

-az;

|-'s

-iz

'aendsiaz;

]-'s

Angevin 'aendjavin 'aendsirz;

ES

|-'s

\-d -id

-iz

angustura ^aeggas'tjura, -'tiura, -'tura anhungered an'hAgga^d; ES -'hAggad anhydride aen'haidraid, -drid |-drid -drid anhydrous aen'haidras anil 'aenil

-IZ

angina aen'dsaina, in medicine often 'aendsina

anile 'aenail, 'enail

angina pectoris aen'dsaina'pEktaris

aniline 'aen{,m, -in |-in

Key:

-gnh

|-es -iz |-ed -t

'aeggjala^;

Angus 'aggas

'aeggali

(Fr a'se)

Anglers Shak.

S

angularity iaeggja'laerati

[-es -iz

'aeggarig, 'aeggrig

angerly

'aeggara;

angostura jaeggas'tjcra, -'tiura, -'tura

|-al -1 j-ally -|i, -ikli

Angelina jaendsa'lina, -'lama

'aegga';

-'gara,

-'gora, -gara

Angelica aen'dselika

anger

ES

-'GdI-

See in full §§3-47.

Ibath baeO;

E

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

[far

'piti

-m

(§6) jrate ret |yet jet |sang saeg

far |watch watj",

wot/

|

angry

'aeg-gri

(§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gardj [go go

Anne Arundel

anility a'nibti

animadversion jaen3maedV3X>

'gangster''

I-s

-iz

{Fr

ES

-tj"a(r

apiece a 'pis

Apis 'epis

a'paJ")

Apache Indian

apish 'epi/

a'paetji

Apalachee, -chi

aplenty aVlenti

jaepa'lietji, -tji

aplomb

Apalachicola jaepajaetji'kola

apanage 'aepanidj apart a'part;

apartment

ES

E+a'pa^t

a'pait,

a'plctni,

a'pbm

{Fr a'plo)

apocalypse, A- a'pakajips

-d

-iz j-d

|-s

ES

a'partmant;

apocalyptic

a'pait-,

E+

|-s -iz

ajpaka'liptik

-1

|-al

|-ally

-li,

-ikli

apocopate adj a'pakapit, -;pet

a'part-

apartmental

apart 'mentl;

ES

3pa:t-,

E+

apocopate

v

a'paka^pet

|-d -id

apocopation ajpaka'pe/an

3pa:t-

apathetic jaepa'Oetik

apathy

-i

apicultural jepi'kAltJaral

apace a'pes

apache

-ikh

^aefra'daiti

'e;pi'ai,

'nal, c/ 1

one,

-rist

|-ist

|-s

[aphides 'asfi^diz

aphrodisiac jaefra'dizi^aek

Aphrodite

-jhwae3(r

|-es -iz

S

and

A- 'efis, 'aefis aphorism 'aefajnzam

anyhow

apocope a'pakapi,

|-al -1 j-ally -|i, -ikli

ape ep |aped ept

|-lly -li

-1

|-al

1-allv

-li, -ikli

^aepi'maentas

|-'s

apodictic ,aepaMiktik

-iz

Apennines 'aepa^nainz

|-al -1 j-ally -li,

-ikh

apodosis a'padasis |-doses -da,siz

apogee 'aspa^dsi

aperient a'pirisnt aperiodic

]-l -1

apodeictic, -deik- ^aepa'daiktik

apeak a'pik

Apemantus

-^pi

apocrypha, A- a'pakrafa

'aepaOi

ES+-'Dd-;

^epiri'adik;

|-ally

-li,

ApoUinaris a/pala'n£ris,

-'naeris,

-'nens

Apollo a'palo

-ikli

aperitif

Fr

ApoUodorus a/pala'doras,

aperi'tif

aperitive a'psrativ

aperture

'aepa'tja^;

I-'S

ES

Apollonius jaepaUonias

'aepatJaCr; |-d -d

apery 'epari

Apollos a'pcilas

|-'s

apetalous e'pstlas

Apollyon a'paljsn

apex 'epeks

apologetic

|-es -iz |apices 'aepi^siz, 'e- j-ed -t

aphaeresis a'ferasis, ae-

|-'s

-iz

-iz

a^pala'dsstik

1-al

-z |-lia -ha

j-alh'

-Ii,

apologist a'paladsist \-gy -dsi

apologize a'pala^dsaiz

aphesis 'aefasis

apologue 'aepajag, -}ag, -ilng

aphid

'efid, 'aefid

apophthegm 'aepa^Oem

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

E

-1

apologia jsepalodsia |-s

apheresis a'ferasis, ae-

|bath baeO;

S -'dor-;

-ikli

aphasia a'fesa, -313 aphelion ae'fihan, a-

-'dor-;

-IZ

bee bi |pity

ba6 (§10) jah a

|far

'pi**

|-s

-iz |-d -d

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeo'^"

far |watch watj,

wntj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards

|go

go

apophthegmatic Those words below in which the a sound

apophthegmatic ^aepaOEg'maetik -li,

apprehend

23

|-al -1

is spell

1-ally

-ikh

o are often pronounced with

apoplexed 'aepajplekst aport 3 'port, a 'part;

|-al -1 |

ES

|-aUy

-ikh

-li,

apoplexy 'aepa^pleksi

a'poat,

E+a'poat

and S

appendix a'pendiks

|-es -iz [-dices

ES

^aepa^'siv;

ES

jaepa-;

-tit

-iz |-d -d

|-s

-W-

a posteriori 'epas^tin'orai, -br-; S

appertain ^aepa^'ten;

ES

appetence 'aepatans

|-cy -i |-tent -tant

appetite 'aepajtait

appetize 'aepa^taiz

apostolate a'pastlit, -^et

appetizer 'aepajtaiza';

apostolic jsepas'talik

|-al -\ |-ally

-h, -ik li

Appian

apostrophize a'pastra^faiz

|-s

applause a'pbz

-iz |-d -d

apothecary a'paGajkeri

apple

apothegm 'aepajOem

-d

-iz |-d -d

|-s

ES

-;taiza(r

'aepian

applaud a'pbd

apostrophe a'pastrafi

jflepa-; |-ed

-titive -jtaitiv

apostle a'pasl

'aepl |-d

j-ed -id |-able -abl |-bly -bli |-s

-d

-iz

|-ling 'aeplig, 'aephg

applejack 'aepl,d3aek

^aepaeEg'maetik

-1

|-al

l-ally

apple pie 'aepl'pai ('apple-^pie 'order)

applesauce 'aepjjsas

-ikh

apotheosis 3jpa6i'osis, ^aepa'Gbsis

Appleton 'aepltan

Appalachia jspa'laet/ia

appUable a'plaiabl

Appalachian

appliance a'plaians

jaepa'laet/ian, -'let/-, -tjan

|-bly -bli |-s

-iz |-ant -ant

applicabihty ^aepbka'bilati

jaepa'laetjanz, -'let/-, -lanz

appall, -al a 'pal |-ed, -led -d

applicable 'aeplikabl, a'phk- |-bly -bb

appanage 'aepanids |-s -iz |-d -d Appanoose ^aepa'nus |-'s -iz

applicant 'aeplakant

apparatus ^tepaVetas, -Vaetas

\pl

application ^aepla'ke/an -tuses -tasiz

\L pi -ratus -'retas

applicative 'aepla^ketiv |-tor

ES

-ta^;

applied a'plaid |appliedly a'plai-idb

apparent a'paerant, a'per-; S a'paer-

applique jaepli'ke (Fr apli'ke)

apparition jaepaVi/an

apply a'plai [applied a'plaid

apparitor a'paerata^;

ES

appoint a 'paint

-ta(r

appointor

appealability ajpila'bilati

ES

a'pia(r,

S+a'psaCr. a'pj£a(r;

|-S

a'pamta^,

S+a'per-,

a'pirans;

a' pJEr-;

ES

apain'tar;

-ta(r.

-'t3a(r

Appomattox

l-ed -d

appearance

|-ed -id |-ive -iv

appointee apain'ti, jspain'ti, a'painti

a'pil |-ed -d |-able -abl

appear a'pir;

-ta(r

applicatory 'aeplakajtori, -/tan; S -jtori

apparel a'paeral |-ed -d

appeal

j-tive

-tiv

apostatize a'pasta^taiz

apothegmatic

-da^siz

jaepa-; |-d -d

apperception jaepa^'sEp/an;

apostasy a'pastasi apostate a'pastet,

appendicitis a^penda'saitis

apperceive

aposiopesis jaepa^saia'pisis

Appalachians

E

appendices a'penda^siz

apoplectic jaepa'plsktik

-li,

in

r>

appendectomy jfepan'dektami

^aepa'maetaks

|-'s

apportion a'por/an, a'par-;

-iz |-toc -tak

ES

a'poajan,

E+

a'paa-; |-ed -d |-ing -Janig, -/nig

-IZ

appeasable a'pizabl |-bly -bh

appose a'poz,

appease a'piz

apposite 'aepazit

|-s

-iz |-d -d

ae- |-s -iz |-d

-d |-sable -abl

apposition ^aepa'zi/an

appellant a'pelant appellate a'p£ht |-tive -iv, -lativ

appositive a'pazativ

appellation jaepa'lejan

appraise a'prez

appellee jaepa'li

appreciable a'priXiabl, -/abl j-bly -bh

appellor a'pelar, jaepa'br;

append a'pend

|-ed

-id

ES

-iz |-d -d |-sal -1

appreciate a'priji^et

-aa(r

|-age

|-s

-ids

|-d -id

appreciation ajpriji'ejan |-tive a'prijijctiv

appreciatory a'prijiajtori,

-idsiz

appendant a 'pendant [fuU ful |tooth tue [further 'fytJa^;

-ages

apprehend jaepri'hend

ES

-jtari;

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'vi3an

[Eden

S

-jtori

|-ed -id

hau

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

apprehensible

Arblay

24

in which a before r (farm) is sounded

Words below

a

are ojten pronounced, in

E

with a (farm)

apprehensible jajpri'hEnsabl |-bly -bit

Aquarius a'kwErias, a'kwer-

apprehension ja^pri'hEnJan

aquatic a'kwaetik, a'kwat-, a'kwot-

apprentice a'prentis

appressed a'pr^st, apprise, -ze

|-sive -siv

-s -iz |-d -t |-ship -jjip

apprize, -se 'appraise' a'praiz

|-s

aquatint 'askwajtint

aqueduct 'aekwi^dAkt

aqueous 'ekwias,

-iz |-d -d

'aek-

Aquidneck a'kwidnek

|-es -iz |-ed -t

Aquila 'aekwila

approachability ajprotja'bilati

approachable a'prot/abj

approbate 'aepra^bet

-}\--Bible+3^k-wi]9, pcrh.

|-lae

by association with Priscilla {Rom. 16:3).

|-d -id |-tion

approbatory a'probajtori,

jaspra'bejan

aquiline 'aekwa Jam, -lin

Aquinas a'kwainas

S -jton

-jtori;

|-'s

-iz

appropriable a'propriabl

Aquitaine jsekwi'ten [-tania

appropriate adj a'propriit

ar ar;

appropriate v a'propn^et

Arab

[-d -id |-tive -iv

|-d

-d |-dly -idli |-val

v

oVraksajinet; ES+a'prnks-;

ES+

ajpraksa'me/an;

a^proks-

appurtenance a'ps'tnans; |-s

'aerab,

ES

a 'pat-, a'pyt-;

Aral

'epa^n;

ES

The older pron.

'epran, 'epan; |-ed

'epa^n, 'epan is

and appears from

common

in

'aerabis |-es -iz

ES+-jgDn;

-gan;

'aera^gan,

the

by no

L.A.

to be

NEngd.

'eral, 'aeral, 'eral;

S

'aeral, 'eral

'eram, 'Etam, '«ram; S 'eram, 'aeram

Aramaean, -mean iaera'mian ]-maic -'me-ik Aransas a'raensas

|-sas'

-sas

Arapaho, -hoe a'raepajho Ararat

'aera^raet

ES

apropos ^aepra'po

arbalest,

apse aeps lapses 'aepsiz

arbiter 'arbita^;

apsis 'ajpsis |apsides 'aepsi^diz

arbitrable 'arbatrabl;

apt apt

arbitrage 'arbitration' 'orbatrids;

apterous 'aeptaras

apteryx 'aepta^nks Apuleius ^aepju'lias

arbitrage

|-es -iz

|-'s

-list

'arbalist;

ES

ES

ES

'a:b-

commerce

'arbatrids,

ES

arbitrament ar'bitramant;

aqua 'aekwa, 'e- |-s -z |aquae -wi aqua fortis 'aekwa 'fartis, 'e-; ES -'faatis aqualon 'aekwajan; ES+-jlDn aquamarine jaekwamaVin

arbitrarily

-z

in full §§3—i7.

E

bee bi |pity

baB (§10) |ah a

|far

'arba;trerali;

ES ES

a'bit'a:b-;

csp.

if

ES 'a:bES 'a:b-; |-d -id arbitration jarba'tre/an; ES lO-.harbitrator 'arba,trety; ES 'a:bajtreta(r arbitress 'arbatris; ES 'a:b-; j-es -iz Arblay, d' 'darble; ES 'darble arbitrary 'arbajttEri; arbitrate 'arbajtret;

|-ria

-ria

|bath baeO;

jorba'tras:

emph. jarbi'trarily

aquaplane 'aekwa ^plen

|-s

'a:b-;

'a:b-

Apulia a'pjulia, a'piuha

aqua regia 'aekwa 'ridsia, 'eaquarium a'kwsnam, a'kwer-

ES

'a:b-, ,a:b-; |-s -iz j-d -d

arbitral 'arbatral;

-iz

'a:b-

'a:bita(r

-IZ

1-S

aptitude 'aipta,tjud, -^tiud, -jtud

Key: See

{Sp

jara'gan)

Aram

very

A-

Araby 'srabi Arachne a'raekni

apriority ^eprai'srati, -'ar-, -'nr-

rare,

-n

arable 'aerabl

a priori 'eprai'orai, -br-; S -'orai

means

|-n

Arabic, a- 'aerabik

Aragon

April 'epral, 'epril

-d

lessfrcq. 'eraeb

arachnid a'raeknid j-noid -naid

-IZ |-ant -ant

apricot 'eprijkat, 'aep-; ES+-jkDt

apron ^epran,

now

Arabia a'rebia, -bja arabis,

1-d -id

approximation

-la

a:(r

arabesque ,aera'bEsk

-1

approximate adj a'praksamit; ES+a'proks-

approximate

ES

Arabella jaera'bela

appropriation ajpropri'ejan

approve a'pruv

-iz

aqua vitae 'aekwa 'vaiti

ae-

Wme' a'praiz j-s -iz j-d -d

approach a'protj

|-'s

'piti

(§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saeg iangry 'feg-gri

far |watch wat/,

wot/ (§12) |jaw d^y [gorge gards

|go

go

arbor

25

Words below in which a arbor,

A-

'arba^;

ES

before r (farm) is

archduchess 'art/'dAtJis, -jdAtJis;

ES ^arba-'bar-; ES a'borial, E+

arborescent

ES

^arba'tEsnt;

ja:ba-;

|-nce

ES

'a:t/-;

|-es -iz

archduchy

'art/'dAtJi;

ES

'artj-

-^d-;

ES

'a:t/-

Archean ar'kian; ES a:'kian

-sns

ES

arboretum jarba'ritam; arboriculture

ES

'arbari^kAltJa';

arborvitae,

'a:bari-

aitjt

archenemy 'artj'enami, -jEnami; ES

arbor

vitae

ES

'arba^'vaiti;

-'lods-; |-ly

ES

Arbuckle 'arbAkl;

'a:bI

Arbuthnot ar'bAOnat,

ES

'arbaGjnat;

a:-,

ES

arbutus ar'bjutas, -'biu-;

ES

Archeozoic jorkia'zo-ik;

ES

a:kt

Arc, Jeanne d' Fr 3a:n'dark

arcade ar'ked;

ES

a:'ked;

'art/a'

;

ES

|-d -id

ES a'ked-; |-n -n Arcady 'arkadi; ES 'arkarcanum ar'kenam; ES a: 'ken-; |-na arced arkt; ES a:kt arch art/; ES a:t/; |-es -iz |-ed -t Archaean ar'kian; ES a:'kian

^aiki-;

ES

Archimedean

-iz

|-'s

^arki-

ES

^aiki-;

-mi'dian;

^arki'midian,

ES

ja:ki-

Archimedes

ES

^aiki'al-, -'d1-;

ES

^arki'aptariks;

,a:ki'ap-, -'op-; |-es -iz

ES

jarka'midiz;

ja:k-;

|-des'

-diz

archipelago jarka'pela^go;

ES ^aikiES ^aika-

ES

'a:ka-

architectonic jarkitek'tanik;ES ^aikitEk'tan-, -'tDn-;|-al-ll-ally-li,-ikIi

ES

a:-;

architectural

^aiki'aanis |-al

-1

|-alty

-ji,

-ikh

jarka'tekt/aral;

architrave 'arka^trev;

^arka-;

ES

ES

'a:kajt£kt/a(r

'a:ka-; |-d -d

ES a:'kaivl ES 'a:k-; |-s -z |-d -d archivist 'arkavist; ES 'a:karchivolt 'arkajvolt; ES 'a:kaarchon 'arkan, -kan; ES 'a:kan, -kon, -kan archpriest 'artj'prist; ES 'art/-; j-hood -hud archival ar'kaivl;

j-s

-iz

1-d-d

ES 'a:kES ;a:k-; |-al -1 ES 'a:tj-; ('Arch-

archangel, A- 'ark'endsal, -jcndsal;

archangelic jarkaen'dgElik; 'artj'bijap;

ES

l-ly -I

architecture 'arkajtektJV;

ES 'a:karchaistic ^arki'istik, jarke-; ES ^aikarchaize 'arki^aiz, 'arke-; ES 'a:k-; archaism 'arki,izam, 'arke-;

jbishop 'Laud)

archive 'arkaiv;

i-ship -Sip

ES

archbishopric jartj'bi/aprik ;

ES

'aitj"-;

'artj'daia^sis,

archway 'artj^we; ES

^art/-

|-bold -bold

archdeacon 'art/'dikan, -^dikan; -sis;

arcing 'arkig;

ES 'aitjES 'art/-;

ES

ES

jartj'djukl,

-'diu-,

-'du-;

ES

arctic

'arktik,

'a:t/-

'arkig

Arcite 'arsait, ar'sait;

arcked arkt;

Areola ar'kola;

-IZ

archducal

'aitj-

archidiaconal ,arkidai'aekanl;

architect 'arka^tEkt;

A-

Archbald 'artjbald;

ES

'aitj-

archipelagic jarkipa'laedjik;

Archaeornis ^arki'arnis;

archdiocese

ES

-pal -pi

-gist -dsist

archbishop

'a:ka-

Archidamus ^arki'demas; ES

I

ES

ES

archfiend 'art/'find, -jfind;

I

-i, -ikli

archaeology ^arki'aladsi;

archaic ar'ke-ik;

^aikia-

archiepiscopacy ^arkia'piskapasi;

-na

archaeological jarkia'lad3ikl;ES ^aikia'lads-,

archaeopteryx,

ES

'a:tXa(r; |-y -i

Archibald 'art/a >ald;

Arcadia ar'kedia;

-'lods-; |-ly

A-

archetype 'arka^taip;

a:-; [es -iz

a:k; |arced, arcked arkt;

^aiki'al-, -'nl-;

-gist -dgist

archer,

-jHDt

'a:t/-

jaikia'lads-,

-i, -ikli

archeology ^arki'aladsi;

ES

ES

archeological jorkia'ladsikl;

'a:ba-

arc ark;

ES

arched art/t;

ja:ba-

jkAltJ'a(r

|-S

a (fa:m)

archduke 'artj'djuk, -'diuk, -'duk,

-'banal

'a:-,

E with

sounded a are often pronounced in

'a:b3(r; |-ed -d

arboraceous jOrbaVeJos; arboreal ar'borial,

arctic

ES

'a:s-, a:'s-

a:kt; |-cking -kig

ES

a:'k-

now

rare

'artik;

ES

'a:-;

ia:t/|full

ful |tooth tue [further 'fytj*;

)using 'juzig |fuse fjuz,

fmz

ES

'kAStam |while hwail |how hau [toy tai |Eden 'idn |cradle 'kredj |keep 'em ^kipm

'faSa |custom

|dish dij |vision 'visan

Arcturus Words below in which a

before r (farm)

ES

Arcturus ark'tjuras, -%ur-, -'tur-; |-'s

is

sounded a are often pronounced in

a:k-;

ES

-jCt;

'a:k-; |-d -^etid

Arden 'ardn; ES 'a:dn

ES

ardent 'ardnt;

ES

ES

'a:dmo3(r,

ES

'aids-

ar;

E £3(r, ES ae3(r, a:(r

-r;

|'re

'a:g-; \-d -d

ES

'a:g-;

Argyll, -gyle ar'gail;

ES 'a:(r, /a:(r; ES -3(r; see

;ar;

'ar,

3(r;

ES

-JV;

|-'s

ES ES

|-shire -Jir,

ES

unstr.

Argyrol 'ardsa/ral,

aria 'aria, 'eria, 'aeria; S 'aria, 'aena

Ariadne

-/ral;

'aids-, -^rol

jaeri'aedni

arena a'rina

arid 'aerid |-ity a'ridati, ae-

'aerian,

'enan; S

'aerian, 'er-

Ariel 'erial, 'erial, 'aerial; S 'erial, 'ar-

a:nt

Areopagite jaeri'apajdsait, -jgait; ES+-'dp-

ES+-;Dp-;

jaerijDpa'dsitik;

|-a -3

Aries

'aeriz,

'eriz,

'eriz,

|-es' -iz

-ri^iz;

S

'er-,

'eriz,

'eHz,

S

'aeriz;

-iz

|-'s

'eriz, 'ariz; |-res'

Ariosto jaeri'asto, -'ds-, -'os- {It jari'asto) arise a'raiz

|-s

-iz

arose a'roz arisen a'nzn

|

|

Aristides ^aera'staidiz |-des' -diz

-riz

Arethusa

ES ES

argal 'ergo' 'argl;

argal

aristocracy jsera'stakrasi; ES+-'stT)k-

jaeri'Ojuza, -'Oiu-, -'Ou-

argal 'argol' 'argl;

wa^ pron.

aristocrat a'rista^kraet, 'aerista-

'a:g}

In Shak.'s day

'a:gj

ergo 'aerga.

'aergj aw- 'aeg-gri baO (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa jgorge gards |go go

— caterwaul iPil3(r; 1-ed lost

Cavell

73

In \xi^ ipiisf- the first

-d

2f-

was

caterwaul 'kaeta^jwal;

ES

cat's-paw 'kaetS/pD

catsup 'kaetsap, 'kstjap

hy dissimilation {§121). 'kaeta-; j-ed -d

cattail 'kaetjtel

Catesby 'ketsbi

Cattaraugus jkaetaVogas

catfall 'kaet,f3l

Cattegat

catfish 'ksetjfij

|-'s

cattish 'kaetij |catty 'kaeti

Catharine 'kaeGrin, 'kaeGsrin

ES

ka'Gartik;

cathartic

cattle 'kaetl |-less 'kaetjlis

ES

Catullus ka'tAlas

E+-'Oa:s-

-'Oais-,

E+-'ea:t-;

-'ea:t-,

Cathcart

|-'s

-iz

Caucasia kD'kesa, -^keja

kae'Oe

'kaeOka^t, -kart;

ES

-kat, -ka:t,

E+

Caucasian

ko'kejan,

-'kejon,

-^kaesan

-'kaejan

-ka:t

cathead 'kaet^hed

Caucasus 'kokasas

|-ed -id

cathedra ka'Oidra, 'kaeGidra

caucus 'kakas

cathedral ka'Oidral

caudal 'kadi

Cather

-iz

|-'s

Catulus 'kaet/abs

catwalk 'kaetjwak

l-al -1 l-ally -li, -ikli

Cathay ka'Oe,

-iz

Cattellka'tel, kae-

-iz

catgut 'kaetjgAt ('kaetgat 'strig)

catharsis ka'Oarsis;

|-'s

'kaeti^gaet, jkaeti'gaet

'kaeSa-;

ES

Catherine 'kaeOnn, 'kaeOarin

Catherwood 'kaeOa^jWud; ES catheter 'kaeeata^;

Cathleen

ES

-sas

|-ly -i

caudate 'kadet

'kjae'SaCr

|-sus'

[-es -iz 1-ed -t

\-A -id

caudicle 'kadikl

Caudine 'kadain

'kaeOa-

caudle 'kadi

'kaeOataCr

Caudle

'kaeelin

|-d

-d

|-ling 'kadlig, -dlig

'kadi, cf Caldwell

caught kat

cathode 'kaeGod cathodic ka'Oadik; ES+-'eDd-;

|-al -1

|-ally

caul kal

cauldron 'kaldran |-ed -d

-h. -ikh

ES

cat -hole 'kaet^hol

cauUfiower 'kala^flaua^;

cathoHc, C- 'kaeeahk, 'kaeGlik

caulk kak caulked kakt

Catholicism, C- ka'OabjSizam; ES+-'6nl-

causal 'kazl

catholicity jkaeGa'lisati

causation ka'ze/an causative 'kazativ

catholicize ka'GabjSaiz;

-jflau-a(r

|

j-ly -i |-ity ka'zaelati ]

ES+-'Gd1-;

|-s

-iz

cause kaz causes 'kaziz caused kazd ]

|

causerie jkoza'ri {Fr koz'ri)

l-d-d catholicon ka'Gabkan; ES+-'GdI-

causeway 'kaz^we |-wayed -jwed

Catihne

causey 'kazi

'kaetljain

|-ed -d

cation 'kaetjaian

caustic 'kastik |-ly

catkin 'kaetkin

cautel 'katl

Catlettsburg 'kaetlits^s'g;

ES

-^bsg, -jbyg

-li |-al -1 |-ally -li

cauterization jkatara'ze/an, -ai'z-

catmint 'kaetjmmt

cauterize 'kata^raiz

catnip 'kaetnip, -nap

caution 'ka/an j-ed -d |-ing 'kajanig, -Jnig

Cato 'keto

cautionary 'kajanjcri

|-s

-iz |-d -d j-tery -ri

cat-o'-nine-tails jkaeta^nainjtelz, jkaetn'ain-

cautious 'ka/as

Catoosa ka'tusa

cavalcade jkaevl'ked |-caded -'kedid

catoptric ka'taptrik; ES+-^tDp-;

|-s

-s J-al -1

cavatina jkaeva'tina

cat-rigged 'kaet^rigd

Catron ka'tran;

cavaher, C- jkasva'lir;

ES + -'trDn

-'lia(r, S4--'Iea(r

cat's-ear 'kaetsjir;

ES

-ji3(r,

-man

{It ,kava'ti:na)

cave, C- kev |caved kevd

caveat 'kevi^aet

cat's-cradle 'kaets^kredl

S+-j83(r

caveat emptor 'kevijaet'smptar;

cat's-eye 'kaets^ai

cave-in 'kevjin

Catskill 'kaets.kil

Cavell, Edith 'kaevl

|full

ES

cavalry 'kaevlri -man, -men

l-ally -h, -ikli

ful Itooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa';

ES

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'visan

[Eden

-taa(r

hau

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

— Cavendish Cavendish, 'kiendij

Candish

c-,

|-'s

-are

-ja:(r;

'kaevandi/,

Celia

loc.+

ES

'kaevan; |-ed -d |-ous -as

jkaevi'ar,

ES

'kaevijor;

in Shak.

'silia

celibate 'selabit, -jbet 1-bacy -basi

Celina saUaina

-'a:(r,

Hamlet caviary, probably pron.

ift

'silja,

celiac 'silijaek

-iz

cavern 'kaeva^n; caviar,

centenarian

74

cell sel Icelled

jkaevi'jen

cellar 'sela^;

cavie 'kevi

seld

ES

's£la(r; j-ed

cellarage 'selarids

cavil 'kaevl, -vil |-ed -d j-ing 'kaevlig,

-vhg

ES

cellarer 'selara^;

Cavite kaVite, ka-

's£lara(r

Cellini t/e'lini {It tjel'litni)

cavity 'kaevati |cavitied 'kaevatid

cellist, 'cellist 'tjElist

ES -Vaat; |-ed -id Cavour kaVur; ES -Vu3(r; {It kaVu:r)

cello, 'cello 'tjelo |-s -z

cavort kaVart;

|-li -i

cellophane, C- 'selajfen |-d -d

ES

cavy 'kevi

cellular 'seljala^;

caw ka cawed kad Cawdor 'kada^; ES

cellulate 'selja^let |-d -id

]

-'par.

-'pur;

ES

celluloid,

E+-'p33(r

Caxton 'kaekstan cay ke, ki, in West

C-

'seljajlaid, 'sela-

cellulose 'seljajlos

Celsius 'selsias celt selt

|

isls.

Cayuse,

-iz |-d -t |-lous -las

Celotex, c- 'sela^teks

Itidies usually ki

cayman 'keman caymans 'kemanz kai'man

Cayuga ke'uga,

j-s

Celoron 'selajran, -jjnm

cayenne, C- kai'en, ke'en ('cay^enne 'pepper)

Cayman

'seljala(r

cellule 'sel Jul

'kadaCr

Cawnpore, -pur kan'por, -'po3(r, -^pu3(r,

-d

-ii

\-s

Celt selt

-iz

j-'s

|-ist -ist

Celtic 'seltik |-ally -h, -ikli

-'juga, ki'uga, 'kjuga

Celticism 'seltajSizam

c- kai'jus, -'jius

|-cist -sist

Cazenovia jkaeza'novia

cement sa'mEnt

cease sis [ceases 'sisiz ceased sist

cementation jsiman'tejan, jseman-

]

Cebu se'bu Cecil

Md

|-ed -id

cemetery 'semajteri, 'semitn

co. 'sisl, -sil, pers.

name

Cenci 'tj£ntji

'sisl/sEsl,

{It 'tjEiitJi)

Cenis sa'ni

-sil

Cecilia si'silja, -'silia, -'silja

cenobite 'sena.bait, 'sin-

Cecily 'sesli,

cenotaph

'sisji

cedar

ES

'sida^;

'sena,taef

Cenozoic ^sina'zoak, jsena-

Cecropia si'kropia 'sida(r; j-ed

cense sens [censes 'sensiz [censed senst

-d

ES ES

cede sid ceded 'sidid

censer 'sensa^;

cedilla si'dila

censor 'sensa^;

Cedric 'ssdrik, 'sidrik

censorial stn'sorial, -'sar-; S -'sor-

|

cee

'sensaCr 'sensa(r; |-ed -d

censorious sen'sorias, -'sar-; S -'sor-

si

ES

ceil sil |ceiled sild |ceiling 'silig

censorship 'sensa'yj'ip;

celandine 'selan^dain

censurability jSEn/ara'bilati

'sensa-

Celebes 'sela^biz, sa'libiz

censurable 'senjarabl |-bly -bli

celebrant 'selabrant

censure 'senja^;

celebrate 'sela,bret j-brated -jbretid

ES

'senja(r;

celebration js^la^brefan

census 'sensas

celebrity sa'kbrati

cent s£nt [cental 'sentl

celerity sa'krati

centaur 'sentar;

celery 'selari

Centaurus, c- sen'taras

celesta sa'lesta celeste,

C-

celestial,

Key:

E

|-es -iz |-ed -t [-sus'

ES

[-ring

-sas

's£ntaa(r \ge7i

b" pi

-ri

-rai

-iz

centavo sen'tavo centenarian jS£nta'n£rian,

sa'lestfal ]-ly -i

See in full §§3^7.

Ibath baeO;

l-'s

sa'lest

C-

-d

j-d

'sEn/arig, 'sen/rig

bee bi jpity

ba6 (§10) [ah a

[far

^piti (§6)

-Wr-

1-ism -jizam

[rate ret jyet J£t [sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gri

far [watch watj, wnt/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

centenary centenary ^SEnta^nEn, SEnUenari, mainly Brit centennial sen^tenisl, -njal -tre

ES

'senta';

[-ly -i

'sentaCr;

-d

|-(e)d

|-(r)ing 'sentarig, 'sentrig

centerboard, -tre-

ES

cephalous 'sEfalas

'sEnta^^pis;

'sEfalas

-iz

|-'s

'senta'faiaCr;

Cephas 'sifas |-'s -iz Cepheus 'sifjus, 'sifias

ES

ceramic sa'raeinik

('center-jfire 'shell)

-tre-

cephalothorax jSEfala'Oorseks, -'6ar-; S -'6or-;

Cephalus

ES

center-fire, -tre- 'senta^'fair;

centerpiece,

'senta-;

-iz

j-'s

-s

|-s

cerate 'siret

|-s -iz

centesimal sen'tesaml

Cerberus 's^baras;

|-ly -i

centesimo sen'tEsajmo

ES

centiar 'sEntijor;

cere sir;

E -i£3(r, ES

-mme

'sEntajgraem

ES

cerebral 'sErabral

'ssb-, 'syb-;

ES

'sEntajinita';

ES

-'belaCr

|-s

-z j-la -la

|-ly -i

cerebrospinal jSErabro'spainl

-jmit3(r;

{Fr sati'mEtr)

cerebrum 'sErabram

-z |-bra -bra

1-s

ES

cerecloth 'sir^kbO, -jkloO;

centimeter-gram-second,

ES

'sEnta^mita^-

-tre-

cerement 'sirmant;

-jinita-

'sia-; j-ths -tJz,

-es

ES

'siamant

centimo 'sEntajino

ceremonial jSEra'monial, -njal

centipede 'sEntajpid

ceremonious jSEra'monias, -njas

ES

centistere 'sEntajStir;

ES

Ceres

'siriz, 'siriz |-res' -riz

Cereus, c- 'sirias,

-'hv3(r, -'liv-

ES

'sEntn3(r; {Ger 'tsEntnar)

cento 'sEnto

cerif, -iph 's£rif

-i

|-ism -jizam

|-ist -ist

j-es -iz

Cerimon 'sEri,man, -^mon

Centralia SEn'trelia, -Ija

cerise sa'riz, -'ris

centrality SEn'traelati

cerium 'siriam

centralize 'sEntral^aiz centric 'sEntrik

|-s

-iz |-d -d

j-al -j |ally -li,

centrifugal SEn'trifjugl |-ly

centripetal SEn'tripatl

certain 'sytn, -in, -an;

-ikh

certes 'sytiz;

j-s -iz

l-bly

j-ly -i

ES

's3t-, 'syt-

n

sa^'tifakit;

certificate v sa^'tifajket;

'sEntra^sfir;

ES

-jsfia(r,

S+

-jsfEa(r

-'gaado

'sst-, 'ss^t-; j-ty -ti

ES

'ssta-;

'ssta-,

-bh

certificate

'sEntrist

centrosphere

ES

ES

'syta/faiabl;

certifiable

-i

centrifuge 'sEntra^fjuds, -jfiuds

j-s -iz

Cerro Gordo 'sEro'gardo;

centralization jSEntrala'zeJan, -ai'z-

centuple

'si-

= serif

Cerigo 'tjEri/go {It 'tjE:rijgo)

central 'sEntral |-ly

C-

|-ly -i

ceremony 'sEra^moni

-jsti3(r

Centlivre SEnt'liv*, -Hiva^;

centner 'sEntna^;

-iz

[-'s

-d

cerebration iSEra'breJan

centime 'santlm, san'tim {Fr sa'tim)

'graem'sEkand ;

|-d

cerebrate 'sEra^bret j-brated -^bretid

-t3(r

centillion SEn'tiljan

-tre

ES

S+SEa(r;

cerebellum ^sEra'bElam

centiliter, -tre 'sEntljita^;

centimeter,

sia(r,

cerebellar jSEra'bEla^;

-^aeaCr

centigrade 'sEnta^gred

centigram,

ES

cereal 'sirial

-ja:(r

centiare 'sEntijEt, -jaer;

centrist,

-n

|-n

|-es -IZ

-^bord;

'senta^jbord,

E+-jb33d

'senta^boad,

Cephalonia jSEfa'lonia, -nja

cephalopod 'sEfala^pad; ES+-jpDd Cephalopoda ^SEfa'lapada; ES+-'1dp-

sen'tinsri

center,

certitude

75

certification

ES sa'tifES sa-; |-d

'certifying^

-id

jsytafa'ke/an;

ES

sa^^tifa'ke/an;

ES

jssta-, jsyta-

'sEntupj,

-'tju- |-d

-tju-,

SEn'tupl,

-d 1-ling -plig, -plig

-'tiu-,

certification

'certificating^

sa-

ES

centurial SEn'tjurial, -'tiunal, -'tor-

certify 'syta^fai;

centurion SEn'tjurian, -'tiurian, -'tur-

certiorari ,s3j"ia'rEri, -'reri;

een tury 'sEntJari

certitude 'syta^tjud, -^tiud; -^tud;

|-ried -d

cephalic sa'faelik, seIfuU ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa';

'sata-, 'syta-; |-fied -^faid

ES

^ss/i-, jsy/i-

ES

'sst-,

'syt-

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi5an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

cerulean

Champlin

76

cerulean saVulisn, -'riulian, -Ijan

chainwork 't/en^wyk;

cerumen sa'ruman, -'riuman

chair tjer, tjaer;

ceruse 'sirus, sa'rus

chairman

Cervantes

ES

sa^'vaentiz;

sa-; |-tes' -tiz {Sp

|-men

-jwak, -^wyk

ES 'ssv-, 'ss^vcervix 's^viks; ES 'ssv-, 'syv-; |-es |cervices sa^'vaisiz; ES saCesar 'sezar; ES 'seza:(r, E+-za:(r;

-man

Chalcedon 'kaelsidan, -jdan, -^don chalcedony kael'sedni, 'kselsajdoiu

[Fr

chalcid 'kaelsid

c-, -ian surg.

-Vbn

chalcographic jkaelka'graefik

si'zerian, -'zaer-,

-

zer-

Chaldaic kael'de-ik

cessation se'sejan

Chaldea

cession 'sE^an

chaldron 't/aldran

cesspit 'sesjpit

chalet /iene, '/ah (Fr /a'k)

Chalfont Bucks

cestode 'sestod

chalice 't/aelis

'tjaelfant, loc. 'tjafant

|-s -iz |-d -t

chalk tjak chalked tjakt

[-es -iz

|

cesura si'jura, si'zjura, -'ziura

challenge 't/aehnds, -ands

|-1 -1

Cetacea si'te/a |cetacean si'te/an

chaUis, -Hie Ifaeh

Cetus

Chalmers

'sitas \gen Ceti 'sitai

cevitamic jsivai'taemik

Ceylon si'Ian; ES+-'lDn;

l-'s

|-ese ^sila'niz

Ceyx 'silks |-'s -iz Cezanne si'zaMi {Fr se'zan) ^compare'

'si'ef,

kan'fy;

ES

-'f3(r, -'fy

chabouk, -buk 'tjabuk

ES

-'fard;

-'foad.

't/aelma^z, 't/am-, 't/om-;

cham dial. '/ am' t/aem cham 'khan'' kaem chamade /a 'mad chamber 'tJemW; ES

|

-az;

|-ed

-d |-ing

ES 'tJembaraCr ES 't/embaChamberlain, -lin 'tjemba^bn; ES 'tjembachambermaid 'tjemba^jmed; ES 't/emba-

ES

chamois,

'tXefa(r; |-y -i

'tjiefi, 't/efi

chaffer

'tjaefa^;

ES

'tJaefaCr;

-d

|-ed

-ing

'tjjefi, 'tjefi

'tjaef jfintj" |-es -iz

Chagres 'tjagres chagrin Ja 'grin |-ed -d Falls

'Jaemi

champ tfaemp champed |

"

tjaempt

champac, -pak 'tjaempak, 'tjAmpAk

'tjaefarig, 'tjaefrig

chaffinch 'tJae^fintX,

-mmy

chamomile 'kaema^mail Chamonix, -mouny '/aemani (Fr Jamu';

chaff t/aef ; E+t/af, t^af ; j-ed -t

Chaffee

|-ed -d |-ing

'tjaemfarig, 'tjaemfrig

'tjefi, 'tja^fi

/a'grin'falz,

/oc.

+ 'Jug rin-.

champagne Jaem'pen j-d -d Champagne Jaem'pen {Fr Ja'paji) champaign Jaem'pen, 'tjaempen Champaign III Jaem'pen champerty 'tjaempa'ti; ES 'tjampati champion, C- 'tjaempian

Ifaegrin|

chain-stitch 'tjen^stitj |-es -iz ]-ed

in full §§3—47.

-t

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

|-ed -d |-ship -Ji;)

Champlain Jaem'plen Champlin 'tjaemphn

chain tjen chained tjend

E

-ba(r;

chameleon ka'mUian, -Ijan chamfer 't/aemfa^; ES 'tJaemfaCr;

chafe tjef chafed tjeft

|bath baeO;

ES

-IZ

chambray 'Jaembre

Chadron '/aedran Chaeronea jktra'nia

Key: See

-d

chamberlain 'tjemb^lin;

E+-'faad

Chagrin

-iz |-d

chamberer 'tjembara^;

Chad tjied, t/ad Chadds Ford 'tjiedz'ford,

Chaffey

|-s

'tjembarig, 'tjembrig

Chaco 't/ako

chafer 'tjefa-;

]-al -1

kael'dia |-n -n |-dee kael'di, 'kaeldi

cesspool 'sesjpul

C- 'sEstas

|-al -1

chalcopyrite jkaelka'pairait, -'pir-

cesium 'siziam

Chafee

ES

't/ea-,

chalcography kael'kagrafi, -'kog-

Cesarea ^SEsaVb, jsez- l-rean

cf.

E

j-ship -^/ip

chaise longue '/ez'lagg, -'Ingg (/^r/eiz'log) -iz

se'za:r)

cestus,

tXaa(r; |-ed -d

'tJaer-;

chaise /ez |chaises '/eziz Ichaisedjezd

Ger'JJantes)

cervical 'syvikl;

Cesarean,

'tjErman,

't/aea-;

ES

E tjeacr, ES

'piti

(§6) |rate ret [yet jet Isang saeg jangrj' 'aeg-gri

far [watch watj,

wotj (§12)

]j'avv

dsa |gorge gards

|go

go

Champs

Elysees

Words below

Champs

a are

in which a before r (farm) is sounded

Elysees Fr /azeli'ze

chapfalien 'tJaep^Dlan,

-iz |-d -t

j-s

chancel 'tjaensl; E+'tJan-, 't/an't/aensalari,

E+'t/an-,

-slari;

chaplet

ES

chancellor, C- 't/aensala^, -sla';

E+

-laCr,

ES

-sl»z-;

-bz-, E+'tJan-, 't/an-

chandelier j/sendl'ir;

ES

chandler, C- 'tjaendla-;

-'i3(r,

ES

-dl3(r,

-d |-ed

E+'t/an-,

j-'s

|-ing

-iz

ES

tXa:(r; |-red -d

ES

|-al -1

-ally -li, -ikli

characterization jkaeriktra'zeXsn, -ak-, -tara-,

-d

-ai'z-

characterize

changeling 'tjendskg

Channing

-d

|-ed

I

changeable 'tjendsabl j-bly -bh

't/aenl

-t3(r;

-tang, -trig

characteristic jkaerikta'ristik, jkaerak-

changeabiHty jt/endsa'bibti

Chang Kai-shek

|-ing

charabanc 'Jaerajbaegk, -jbaeg (Fr /ara'ba) character 'kaerikta^, -ok-;

|-d

-d

Chapultepec tJa'pAltajpek (Sp t/ajpuIte'pEk) char tjor;

'tjan-

'kaerak-

'kaeriktajraiz,

|-s

-iz

l-d-d

charactery 'kaeriktari, -ak-,

't/ag'kai'/ek, 't/aeg-

charcoal 'tjor^kol;

'tjaenig

chantey, -ty

'Jsenti, 'tjaen-;

chanticleer

't/aentijkhr;

chard tjard;

ES

ES

'tjai^kol; j-ed -d

t/ard

Chardon '/ardn; ES 'Ja:dn

E+-an-, -an-

ES

-tri

charade /a 'red

[channeled 'tjaenld

chanson '/aensan, -san, -son (Fr Ja'so) chant tjaent; E+tJant, tjant; |-ed -id -jkli3(r,

chare t/er, t/aer;

S+

charge t/ards;

E

ES

tXEa(r,

tjards;

ES |-s

t/aeaCr; |-d -d

-iz \-d -d |-able

-abl l-bly -bh

-jkl£3(r

charge

Chantilly Va, France jxnhiXi (Fr/ati'ji) chantress 't/aentris; E+'t/ant-, 't/ant-;

|-es

d'affaires

Jar'sedae'fer,

ES

Ja:'3edae'f£a(r,

-'faea(r;

E

-'faer;

charges

\pl

-'sez- (Fr Jarseda'fEir)

-IZ

chantry, C- 't/aentri; E+'tJant-, 'tjant-

Chanute

tja'nut, jD'nut

chaos 'keas; ES+'kens;

charily 'tjerah, 'tjaer-, 'tjer-, -ih; S 't/aer-, 't/er-

chariness 't/Erinis,

|-es -iz

chaotic ke'atik; ES+-'Dtik;

]-al -1 |-ally -]i,

'fellow', 'crack' t/aep

chap

'jaiv'

t/aep

|chapped

tj"aept

cf chop 'jaw'

chaparajos jt/apa'rahos

't/aerig-;

S

't/aer-,

'tjaerig'kras, 'tJer-, -'kros;

S

('Charing jCross 'Road)

charioteer ^t/aeriat'ir;

ES

-'ia(r,

S+-'£a(r

charitable 't/aeratabl |-bly -bk

chaparreras, -pareras jtjapa'reras

Chariton 'Jeratn,

chapbook 't/aepjbuk

charity 't/aerati

chape tjep

'/aer-;

charivari /ajriva'ri, |-x, -s

'tJer-;

chariot 'tjaeriat |-ed -id

|-rejos -'rehos

chaparral jt/aepa'rael

chapeau /ae'po

'tJaer-,

'tjer-

Charing Cross

-ikh

chap

-z (Fr /a'po)

chapel, C- 't/aepl |-ed -d |-ing 't/aeplig, -plig

chaperajos jtjapa'rohos |full

-iz |-d -t3(r;

|-s

ES

'tjaepta^;

'tjaeptarig, -trig

'tj"an-

Chandos 'tjfendas, 'Jaen-; ES+-dDs; Chandragupta jtjAndra'gupta Changchun 'tjag'tjun

channel

't/aepl

chappie, -ppy 'tjaepi

chapter

S+-'E3(r

change t/ends [changes 't/endsiz

chopf alien

-man

'tjaepman |-men

c-

chaptalize 'Jaeptl/aiz

chancery 'tjaensari; E+'t/an-, HJanchancre 'Jaegka^; ES IfaegkaCr chancy, -cey 'tJaensi; E+'tJan-,

cf

'tjaeplin

Chapman,

Chappell, -pple

-Jip

'tJaensala^ZiVil,

-jfaln

'tjaeplit |-ed -id

Chaplin

Chancellorsville

a (fa:m)

chaplain 'tjaepbn |-cy -si |-ship -^/ip

't|an-

'tjan-, 't/an-; [-ship

E with

often pronounced in

chaperon, -one '/aepajron |-ed -d |-age -ids

chance tjaens; E+tJans, tjans; chancellery

charkha

77

fu! [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa';

j/iva'ri

tite

(§121).

Cf shivaree

first

'fstJa

'Jaer-

jXiva'ri,

r is lost

charkha, -ka 'tjArka;

ES

S

ES

jXari'vari

't/Aika

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan

[Eden

In

by dissimilation

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

charlatan

check

Words below in which a

ES

charlatan 'Jarlatn; |-ry

before

r

(farm)

-n ^Jaib-;

|-al

-j

ES 'tja:!ES lfa:b-;

Charlecote 't/arlkat, -kot;

Charlemagne

Ifarbjmen;

chassis (F/-

Jarla'maji)

Charleroi

j/arbVai, 'Xarb^rai; -roy

Ifa:!-; \Belg -roi,

ES

Charles tjarlz;

ES

iJa:!-,

Jarb'rwa

/^r

tj"a:lz;

|-'s

[-town -/taun

Charlotte/ew. name

ES

'Jaesi, 'Jaesis \pl

'/a:l-,

-jbyg

(Gc;-

ES /a 'latn jbsg,

Jar 'btaiijburk)

ES

ES

ES

lfa:bt-

S+-vl

Ifa:!-,

chastity 'tjaestati

tjaet

1

chatted

'kaeran,

ES

Chatham

|-ed

-d

|-ing

-tang, -trig

Chatillon Shak. Jae'tiljan {Fr /ati'jo)

Chattanooga

't/aetl |-ed

-jbnks;

ES

E+

'ka:ta-,

ES

ka-,

'tjaeta^tan;

ES

chartographic jkarta'graefik;

Chartres Ifartra, Jort;

ES

ES

;ka:t3-

'Ja:t-, Ja:t;

{Fr

't/asa^;

ES

'tXasa(r; |-ism

'tfafa^;

ES ES

-jizam

'tj"afa(r

'Xofa(r, Jo'f3(r, -'fy;

-d

l-ed

Chauncey

't/ansi, 'tjonsi, 'tjansi, 'tjaensi

tfant, tjont, tjant |-ed -id

Chautauqua, c-Ja'takwa |-n -n chauvinism '/ovinjizam |-ist -ist chauvinistic j/ovi'mstik

/artr)

chartreuse, C-Xar'trsz; ESja:-; (Fr/ar'treiz)

chartulary 'kartjujeri;

ES

'kaitju^leri

charwoman 'tjar^wuman, -jwu-; ES -men -jWimin, -an

'tja:-;

't/erri,

cheap

tj"ip

't/aeri,

speakers

distinguish

char\'

-ikh

|-ed -t

cheapen 'tjipan

'tjen; S

'tjaeri,

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

chaw t/a [chawed tjad Chazy '/ezi, /e'zi ('Chazy's 'Landing)

I

Some

't/aetatan

Chaucerian tja'sirian

chaunt

-fa(r; |-phy -fi

't/eri

't/aetajbaks,

chaulmoogra, -mugra t/al'mugra

chartographer kar'tagrafa', -'tog-;

'tX£ri,

ES

|-es -iz

chauffeur 'Jbfa^jjo'fy;

'tjaita-

-jgraf, -jgraf

chary

-d

't/aeta^jbaks;

^

ES

jtXaeta'hut/i

jt/aetn'uga, jtjaeta'nuga

chauffer stove'

'kartajgraef;

{Fr

^/ace^ + 'tjaet-haem,

US

'tjaetam,

Chattahoochee

Chaucer

't/aitaCr;

Charteihouse, c- 'tjarta'jhaus;

chartograph

-^and

Jae'tobriand,

Chattooga tja'tuga

'tja:-

tjart; j-ed -id

ES

-teaux -'toz {Fr Ja'to)

chatelaine '/^etljen (Fr Ja'tkn)

Chatterton

ES

't/aes-

'tjaetid

Chateau-Thierry /a'totb'ri {Fr /atotJE'rl)

chatterbox

'keran

't/arta^;

\pl

Chateaubriand

chattel

'karm-

-'p^"^;

-d

-am

'tja:l-

chamel 'tjarnj; ES 't/ainl Charon 'keran, 'kaeran, 'keran; S charpoy, -pai 'tjar'paij

-iz |-d

chatelain 'Jaetljcn (Fr /a'tlS)

charm tjarm; ES t/a:m; j-ed -d |-edly -idb charmeuse/arWsz; ES Ja:-; (Fr Jar'moiz) Charmian 't/armian, 'karm-; ES 't/a:m-,

chart tjart;

[-s

/atobri'a)

charlotte russe '/arbtVus, -'ruf;

Charlton 'tjarltan;

'/arbt,

/a-, -'lot

Charlottesville IfarbtSjVil;

chassis 'Jaesiz

]-ed -d j-ing 't/esnii), -snig

chastise tjaes'taiz

chateau /ae'to

US places

'Jarlat,

-'s3(r, -'sy; (Fr/a'soeir)

chaste tJest

chat

Charlottenburg Jar 'latn jbs'g ;

charter

a (fa:m)

'kaezm 1-ed -d

sashay

cf

ES

chasuble 'tjaezjubl,

ES 'tjaili ES 't/aibk

'tjarh;

charlock 't/orbk;

-'lot-,

less freq.

chastisement 'tjaestizmant, tjaes'taizmant

|-ton -tan

-iz

-d

|-d

chasten 't/esn

Pa

-ie

chasse /ae'se

chasseur Jae'sy,

-ally -li, -ikb I

Ja-'lat;

chasm 'kaezam, tnuch

chasmal 'kaezml |chasmic ^ksezmik

ES

charlatanic yjarla'taenik;

Charley,

E with

sounded a are often pronounced in

is

|-ism -^izam

'Jatla-;

Cheapside cheat, C-

|-ed -d |-ing 'tjipanig,

-pnig

't/ip^said, -'said

tjit

|

cheated

'tjitid

from cherry by a longer e. Charybdis ka'ribdis |-'s -iz |-dian -dian

Cheatham 'tjitam cf Cheetham, Chetham Cheboygan /I'baigan

chase, C- tjes |chases 't/esiz jchased tjest

check t/ek checked t/skt |-book -jbuk

Key:

See in full §§3—47.

jbath baeO;

E

bee bi |pity

ba6 (§10) |ah a

[far

'piti

|

(§6) |rate ret [yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg*gri

far |watch watj",

wotj (§12) |jaw dsa

|gorge gards |go go

—

—

checker

cheval-de-frise

79

checker

ES

'tfek*;

't/tkaCr;

-d

|-ed

|-ing

ES

chemurgic kem'a^dsik;

-hd^-, -^yds-;

l-al -1

'tjEkarig, 'tfekrig

ES

checkerboard 'tjeka^jbord, -^bord;

'tftka-

jboad, E+-jb33d; |-ed -id

chemurgy 'ktms^dsi; ES Chenango Ji'naeggo

-sdsi, -ydsi

/a 'nil

checkmate 't/ek^met |-mated -^metid

chenille

checkoff UJekpf, -jii

Cheops 'kiaps; ES+'kiops |-'s -iz Chepstow 'tjepsto cheque tjek |-r -y-; ES -a(r; j-red -a^d;

checkrein 'tjek^ren

checkroom 'tjek^rum, -jrum checkrow

I

't/eda-;

ES

cheek tjik cheeked

Cheraw

cheekily

'tfikli,

tjip

cheer

tjir;

cherish 'tJenX

-ih

Cherith

[cheeped tjipt

ES

tji3(r, S+tJ"E3(r; |-ed

cheerful 'tjirfal;

ES

cheerily 'tjirali,

-ili

'tjia-,

j-ly -i

ES

chert

S+'t/Eali

'tjiziz

't/eri |cherried 'tj"end

ES

tjs^t;

ES

'kssa-, 'ks'sa-

tjst, tjyt

cherub 'tjerab

jcheesed tfizd

\-s,

|-im

-z

-im,

I

cheesecloth HJizjkbe, -jkloG |-ths

ES

HJ'izjmAijga' ;

-t$z,

-Gs

-jmAggaCr

cheeseparing 'tjiz^perig, -jpaerig; S -jpaerig

cherubic tja'rubik, -'nubik

-1 |-ally -li,

|-al

-ikh

chervonets

tjtr'vanits

\pl

chervontsi tjer-

ES

'tja:-

'vantsi

'tjita

'tjitam

cf

Cherwell 'tjarwal, -wel;

Cheatham

Chesaning 'tjEsnig

chef /£f

Chesapeake

chef-d'oeuvre Je'dcevra (Fr J"e'doe:vr)

tjes'pik, jt/esa'pik ('Chesajpeake

'Bay)

'tji'fu

Chesham

Cheke tjik Chekov 't/ekof, -kof

is

chela 'claw' 'kila chelae ]

a

Cheshire

^kili

'tjEjam, less frcq. 't/Esam

'tjEjir,

'tMa^;

ES

'tXeXia(r, -/a(r

chess tjES chesses 'iJesiz

chela measure 'kela

chessboard 'tjESjbord, -^bard;

I

Chelmsford Mass Hfcmzi^d, 'tjElmz-, Engd 'tjelms-, 't/ems-;

ES

-jboad,

E-t-

chessman 'tjESjmaen, -man |-men

ES

Chester, c- 'tjesta^;

Chesterfield 'tjEsta^^fild;

'tjelsi

Chesterton 't/Esta'tan;

chemise /a 'miz

chestnut 'tjEsnat, -^nAt

|-s -iz |-sette

Chester

jJemi'zEt

chestnut-roan

j-ry -ri

'kimaj,

-mnj

'tjesnat'ron

('chestnut^roan

'mare)

-iz |-'s

'tX£sta(r

ES 'tJ"EstaES 'tjEstatan, -tn White 'tjEsta^'hwait; ES 't/ESta-

Cheltenham 'tjeltnam, 'tjeltnam chemic 'kenuk j-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikb

\-'s

-man

I

Chelsea

Chemnitz 'kemnits

-jiUEn,

chest tjESt chested 'tjEstid

-fad

Chelonia ka'loma |chelonian kaUonian

Chemosh

ES

-jbaad

Chelan /a 'laen

chemist 'kenust

— 'tjE/am

Cf Bentham

sp. pron.

chela 'disciple' 'tjela

chetah

-iz

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^;

'tjita

Chetham

chemotherapy jkemo'Oerapi Chemung /I'mAg |full

'tferjubim

-jubin

-in -in,

cheesecake 'tjiz^kek

Chefoo

'tjerajki, jtfera'ki

cheroot /a 'rut

cherry

'tjiali,

cheese tfiz |cheeses

cheesemonger

|-es -iz |-ed -t

Chersonese, c- 'k3"sa,niz;

cheerly 'tjirh;

Cheetham

{Fr

Ifeabuag;

'kiriO, 'tJiriO

Cherokee

-d

S+'tJea-;

cheerio 't/irijO

cheetah

ES

Iferburg;

Jer'burr)

tfik

cheep

'tjira, tji'ra

Cherbourg

cheekbone 'tXikjbon, -'bon

Cheeke

't/eka-

(boad, E+-jbaad; |-ed -id

'tJedaCr tjikt

|

ES

chequerboard 'tXtka^jbord, -^bard;

checkstrap 't/skjStraep

Cheddar

ES -ad;

-ring 't/ekarig, 'tjekrig

't/ek^ro |-ed -d

't/Etam

cf

Cheatham

cheval-de-frise /a 'vaelda 'friz

ES

'fstSa

\pl

-vaux- -'vo-

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi5an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

'em

tai

'kipip

cheval-glass cheval-glass /aVaeljglaes;

E+-jglas,

-iglas;

chide tjaid \past chid tjid or chided 'tjaidid

chidden 't/idn or chided

\pptc chid t/id or

|-es -iz

ES

chevalier jjeva'hr;

Cheviot

China

80

Hills,

mat.

S+-'lE3(t

'tjaidid

sheep 'tjeviat, 'tfiv-; jCh-,

Ifev-;

If

-'li3(r,

ch-

vil.

jEviat,

cloth

Chidley

'tj-idli

chief t/if |-tain -tin |-taincy -tinsi

chield tjild Ichiel tJU

't/Eviat

Chevrolet jjEvra'le

chevron 'Jevran

chiffon /i 'fan, -'fon, 'Jifan

|-ed

-d

chiffonier

chevy, C- 't/Evi chevied 'tjevid

chew, C- tju, t/iu

|-ed

ES

jjifa'nir;

chigger

-d

'tjiga^;

ES

chignon 'Jinjan, -jon

Cheyenne /ai'en Cheyne 't/eni, 't/en chi G^ letter kai Chian 'kaisn Chiang Kai-shek tji'ag'kaiyek,

chigoe 'tjigo

Chihuahua tji'wawa, -'wdwd J-s

-z

child, C-(e) tjaild |-ed -id \pl see children

childbearing 't/aild^bEng, -jbaerig; S -jbaer-

'tjjag -

ES

childbirth 't/aild^yO;

chiaroscuro ki^ara'skjuro, -'skiuro

{It ikja:-

->yO

-^bsB,

j-ths

-es

ES

Childermas 't/ilda^mas;

ro'sku:ro)

't/ilda-

childhood 'tjaild^hud

chibouk, -que tji'buk, -T)uk

childlike 't/aild,laik

chic Jik, /ik

Chicago Ja'kago, -'kngo, -'kago, /i-, -a

l-ed -d

-gawan Ji'ken

children -drin,

|

-'kend

-caned

|-

canery

't/ildran,

-drin,

ES

-da^n;

-dran.

-dan

Childress 't/aildris

j-'s

-iz

Chile 'tjih l-an -an j-lian -ban {Sp 'tJUe)

-'kenari

Chichen Itza Chichester

(/^r Ji'jio)

chilblain 't/iljblen |-ed -d

Chianti, c- ki'aenti {It 'kjanti)

chicane

S-t--'nE3(r,

'tJigaCr

chewink t/i'wigk

|-goan

-'ni3(r,

-'nJEaCr

|

Chili

tJi'tjEiiit'sa

't/itjista^;

ES

US\Sih, iVF

'tjailai

chih, -le 'tjib

HJitJistaCr

Chilkat 'tjilkat

chick tjik

chickadee 'tjikajdi, jtJikaMi

Chilkoot 't/ilkut

Chickahominy jtjika'hamam; ES-i--'hi9mChickamauga jtJika'mDga ('Chicka^ mauga

chill tjil

1

chilled tjild

chilli 'tjik

Chillicothe .t/ila'kaOi;

'Creek)

Chickasaw

ES+-'knOi;

Chillingworth

't/ikajso

Chickasawhay jtJika'sDwe |-wha -wa

'tXibgwa-O,

-jWyO;

Chickasha 't/ikayjc

Chillon/a'lan, -'Ion, '/ilan {FrfV jo) chilly 'tJib

-'ha:tid,

'tXikin'hartid,

E+-'ha:tid;

-an- ;

ES

-wa6.

-jwso, -jw^e

chicken 't/ikin, -an

chickenhearted

('ChiUi-

jcothe 'Road)

chickaree 't/ikajri

ES

('chickenjhearted

'hero)

chicken-pox 'tjikiii^paks, -an-; ES-t--iPoks

Chiltern

ES

't/ilta^n;

't/iltan

chimaera ka'nura, kai-

chimb t/aim Chimborazo jtjimba'rezo,

-'razo

{Am Sp

jt/imbo'raso) |+ J-

Chickering 'tjikang, 't/ikrig

chicle 'tjikl, 'tjikl {Sp 'tjikle)

chime t/aim |chimed t/aimd chimera ka'mira, kai'mira

Chico 'tjiko

cliimerical ka'mirikl, kai- |-ly

Chicopee

chicory 'tjikari, H/ikri

chimney 'tj"imni chimneyed 't/imnid chimpanzee jtXimpaen'zi, tjim'paenzi, ,/-, /-

Chicot 'tJiko(Fr/i'ko)

chin t/in jchinned tfind

Chicot Ifiko

China, c- 't/aina [-man, -men

chickweed 'tjikjwid

Key:

'tjika^pi, -pi

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeB;

E

-i,

-ikli

|

bee bi |pity

baS (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

(§6) |rate ret

|3^et

JEt |sang sasg

-man |

angry

'aeg-gri

far |watch watj, wntj" (§12) |jaw 650 |gorge gards |go go

— chlnaware

choke-full

81

Those words below in which the a sound

chinaware 't/amajwer, -jwaer;

E

-iWEa(r,

is spelt

ES

-jwaea(r

chit t/it [chitted 't/itid

chinch 't/mtj

chitchat

chinchilla,

C- t/m't/ila

chincough

'tjiiijkaf,

chiton

-tan, -ton

ES

chitter

Chinee

chitterling 't/ita^lig;

|

Chinese tjai'niz

|-'s

cabbage)

-iz ('Chi^nese

chink tjigk [chinked t/igkt

't/itaCr; j-ed

ES

-d

'tjita-

chivalric '/ivlrik, Ji Vaelrik [-rous 'Jivlras

The

Ifivlri

historical pron. 'tjivlri is

now rare.

Chino- Japanese 'tjamojdsaepa'niz c- tji'nuk,

'tjita^;

chivalry

chinkapin 'tjigkapin

Chinook,

chive t/aiv

-'nuk

Chivers

chinquapin 'tjigkapin

't/iva^z;

ES

't/ivaz

chlamys 'klemis, 'klaem-

chinse, chintze naut. tfints |-d -t

-iz

|-es

Chloe

Chios 'kaias, -ds

chloral 'kloral, 'kbr-; S 'kloral

chip tjip [chipped tjipt

chlorate 'klorit, 'kbr-, -ret; S 'klor-

Chipewayan ^tJipaVean Chipewyan jt/ipaVaian chipmunk 'tJipmAgk Chippawa 'tjipajwa, -jWd,

chloric 'klorik, 'kbr-; S 'klonk

-rid

-jwe. -wa

chlorin 'klorin, 'klar-; S 'klorin; [-rine -rin, -rin

Chippenham 'tjipanam

ES

chlorinate 'klori^net, 'kbr-; S 'klor-;

'tJipaCr;

[-ed

-d

|-ing

-wa [-way

't/ipajWa, -jWd, -^we.

ES

'klor a

yfaam, E+'klarachlorophyll, -yl 'kloraifil, 'kbra-; S 'klor a

-iwe

chippy

chloroplast 'klorajplaest, 'kbra-; S 'klora-

't/ipi

chirk tjyk;

chirm,

|-d -id

chlorite 'klorait, 'kbr-; S 'klorait

chloroform 'klor a jf arm, 'kbra-;

'tfiparig, 'tjiprig

Chippewa

'klo'i

chlorid 'klorid, 'kbr-; S 'klorid; [-ride -raid.

Chippendale 't/ipan^del 't/ipa^;

j-mydes

'klaemijdiz

chintz t/ints [chintzes 't/mtsiz

chipper

S

'tjitiidan

chine t/ain chined t/aind t/ai'ni

and

't/it^t/aet |-ty -i

'kaitii,

Chittenden

-^kof

E

o are often pronounced with n in

Chisholm 't/izam [Chisolm 't/izam Chiswick 't/izik

chincapin 'f/igkapin |-es -iz

-

-

ES

[ed

tjsk, t/yk;

chlorous 'kloras, 'kbr-; S 'kloras

-t

charm tfym, tjarm; ES t/sm, tfym.

tjaim chirograph ^aira^graef; E+-igraf, -igraf

ES

chirographer kai'ragrafa^, -'rug-; [-phy

Choate

t/ot

choate adj 'koet

-fa(r;

chock-full 'tj"ak'ful

-fi

chirographic jkaira'graefik

chocolate

|-al -1

Chiron 'kairan, -ron, -ran chiropody kaiVapadi

chock tjak [chocked tjakt chockablock 'tjaka'blak

|-dist -dist

chiropracter 'kaira^praekta';

'tjakht,

ES

-jpraekt3(r

chiropractic jkaira'praektik

Chocorua tja'karawa./a-, Choctaw 'tjakta

ES

choir kwair;

chirr tfy;

choirboy 'kwairjbai;

chirrup 't/irap, 'tjyap; ES+'tJsr-, 'tjAr-

ES -Vsds -'rydjES -'rads -VydsES -'rsds-, Vyds-

chirurgeon kaiVydsan;

-,

chirurgery kai'rydsari;

Chisago

-,

-

S

-'kar, -'knr-

kwaia(r; [-ed -d

ES

'kwaia-

choke tjok [choked tjokt; iNEngd+tpik (§46) chokebore 'tjokjbor, -ibar; ES -^boaCr, E+ -jbaaCr; |-d -d

chokecherry ^tJok^tXeri

chokedamp 't/ok^daemp

jtfisa'go

chisel 't/iz} [-ed -d [-ing 'tfizbg, [full ful

't/ok-;

choice t/ais [choices 't/aisiz

ES tjsp, tjyp; |-ed -t ES t/3(r, tjy; |-ed -d

chirp t/yp;

chirurgic kai'rydsik;

't/ak-,

-kalit,

'tJak-, 'tjuk-, 't/ak-

-

zJiO

[tooth tue [further 'fytJa^;

ES

choke-full 't/ok'ful 'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish d^f [vision 'visan [Eden

'idi^

hau

[toy tai

[cradle 'kred| [keep 'era 'kipip

Those words below in which the a sound dial. '/

chold

chronometric

82

chold

ES

choler 'kala^;

is spelt

name

Christ Jesus kraist, given

'kab(r

ES

choleric 'kalsrik

Christchurch 'kraist ^t/ytj";

cholesterol ka'kstajtol

christcross 'kris^kros, -jkros

Chomley

-mondeley,

-meley,

choose tfuz

-iz

|-s

tjap

'j'aw'

V

j-s

|

chose tjoz chosen 'tjozn ]

-s

= chap

krist, kris

-.t/stj, -.tjytj

|-es -iz

christen 'krisn |-ed -d j-ing 'knsnig, -snig

chopf alien 't/apjfDbn,

Christian 'kristjan

Christiana jkristi'aena Christiania jkristi'ania, kns'tjama

tfap [chopped tjapt

Christianity jkristji'aenati, kris't/aenati

-^foln

Chopin Ifopaen./o'paen (Fr/o'p*)

Christianize 'kristjan^aiz

chopin, -e measure 'tjapin

Christie 'kristi

chopine, -in ^patten' 'tJapin, tjo'pin

Christina

choppy

kns'tina

\-s

('Chrisjtina

-'tin

|-tine

-d

-iz |-d

'Day)

't/api

chopstick 'tjapjstik

Christlike 'kraist Jaik [Christly 'kraistli

chop suey, sooy

Christmas 'krismas

't/ap'sui, -'siui

choral adj 'koral, 'karal; S 'koral choral, -e

S

Christendom 'krisndam

'tjAmli

chop chop

and

Christabel 'kristajbel

cholera 'kabra

Cholmley,

E

o are often pronounced with n in

crisscross 'kris^kras, -jkrns |-es -iz

would' t/ud

n

ko'ral, ka-, 'koral, 'kor-; S koVal,

Christopher 'kristafa^; Christy

'koral

ES

kaad;

chore tjor, tjar;

ES

chromate 'kromet

|-ed -id

tJoaCr,

chorea ko'ria, k3-; S ko'ria;

choreography jkon'agrafi,

E+tX33(r;

'kristafa(r

j-l -1

j-reic

jka-, -'og-;

|-d -id

-d

chromatic kro'maetik

-Viik

chromatin 'kromatin

|-d

S ^ko-

chrome

krom

|

ES

chromium 'kromiam chromo 'kromo

choroid 'koroid, 'kor-; S 'kor-

chromolithograph

ES

't/aatl; j-d

kromd

chromed

chorography ko'ragrafi, ka-, -Vog-; S ko-

chorister 'korista', 'kar-, ^kor-;

|-al -1 1-ally -li, -ikli

[chromic

'kromik

choric 'korik, 'kor-, 'kar-, 'kor-

chortle 'tjDrtl;

ES

'kristi

chroma 'kroma

Chorazin koVezin chord kord;

|-es -iz 1-ed -t

Christmastide 'krismas,taid

|-ly -i

-t3(r

-d j-ling

-tlig,

E+

^kromo'liea^graef;

-jgraf, -,graf

chromosome 'kroma ^som

-thrj

chorus 'koras, 'karas; S 'koras;

|-es -iz j-ed -t

chose past of choose tJoz chose 'property' Joz choses 'Joziz

ES

chromosphere 'kroma^sfir;

S+

-jsfia(r,

-isfea(r

chronic 'kranik

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

chosen pptc of choose 'tjozri Chosen 'Korea' H/o'sen

chronicle 'kranikl j-d -d [ling -klig, -klig

chough t/Af

Chronicles 'kraniklz

chouse t/aus

chow tjau chowchow chowder

-kla(r

chronographic ^krana'graefik

't/auda^;

Chrestien,

ES

chronograph 'kranajgraef; E+-jgraf, -igraf

-iz

|-s

ES

H/audaCr; j-ed -d

|-ing

-dng

'tjau'inen -et-,

de Troyes Fr kretjada'trwa

chronologer

ES

kra'naladsa^;

chronologic

^krana'ladsik

|-al

chrismal 'krizml |chrismale knz'meli

chronometric ^krana'mEtrik

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeG;

E

|-gy

-1

|-ally

-li.

-ikli

chronometer

chrisom 'knzam

-dsaCr;

-dsi l-gist -dsist

chrestomathy kres'tamaOi chrism 'krizam |-ed -d

Key:

j-al -1 [-ally -li,

-ikh

'tjauitjau

'tjaudarig,

chow mein

chronicler 'kranikla^;

kra'namata';

ES

-'namata(r;

|-try -tri j-al -1

|-ally -li,

-ikh

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj", wot/ (§12)

jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gn |ja\v

dsa |gorge gards |go go

chronoscope

CIO

83

ES + 'kron-

chronoscope 'kranajskop;

chronoscopic jkrona^skapik

-d

j-s -iz |-d

cicatrize 'sika^traiz

-ikh

|-ally -h,

cicely 'sisli |-hes -liz

chronoscopy kro^naskspi; ES+-'nDS-

Cicely

chrysaUd

Cicero 'sisa^ro |-nian jSisa 'reman

'krislid

cicerone

chrysalis 'krislis |-es -iz [-Hdes kn^saelsidiz

chrysanthemum kris'aenOsmam Chryseis krai'siis

|-'s

Cid sid {Sp

ES

ES 'saidaES 'saida-;

cider-press 'saida^jprss;

chrysoprase 'krisa^prez

cigar SI 'gar;

Chrysostom ^knsastam, kris'astam,

ES

cilia pi 'silia \sg

chub t/Ab Ichubbed 'tJ"Abid chubby 'tjAbi Ichubbily 'tjAbli, -di chuck t/Ak chucked tjAkt

cihary

chuck-full 't/Ak'ful

cilium 'siliam

chuckle 'tjAkl

Cimabue

cihum

'siliam

'sili^eri

ciliate 'sihit, 'sih^et |-ated -iCtid

Cihcia sa'lija, -Jia

1

-d |-ling 'tjAkhg, -kjig

|-n

-n

jt/ima'bui (7/ jtjima'bure)

Cimarron

chucklehead 'tjAkl^hed dial. 'I

jSima'ron

'simajron,

ES

chuff t/Af chuffed t/Aft

Cimber

chug tfAg Ichugged t/Agd

cimex 'saimsks |cimices 'simajsiz

1

ES

|

cinchona, C- sin'kona

-i

Cincinnati jSinsa'naeti, -'naeta; E-|--'nat-;

Chungking 't/ug'kig chunk t/Aijk [chunked t/Agkt

ES

C-,

-ti b' -ta

and

t/stj, tjytj"; |-es -iz |-ed-t

'tj3^tXri, -3l;

churchman,

ES

-men

ES

'tjs^tjman;

see

'tJytJVordn,

-jwardn;

ES

't/st/'waadn, 't/yt/'waadn, -jwoadn

churchyard 'tjytjjard;

churn

ES

'tjstjjaid, 'tfa-tf-

E+-ja:d

Cincinnatus jSinsa'netas cinder

'sinda^;

|-ing

Cinderella jSinda'rela

ES tjsl, t/yl; |-ed -d 1-ish ES tjsn, t/yn; |-ed -d ES tjalr, tjy; |-ed -d

cinematography jSinama'tagrafi,

-ij

C- jSina'tEfia, -'rercinerarium jSina'tEriam, -'rer-

Chuzzlewit 'tjAzl^wit

Cinna

chyle kail [chylous ^kailss

cinnabar 'smajbor;

ES

-'tog-

\pl -ria -ria

Cingalese jsigga'liz

chyme kaim |chymous 'kaimas 'siba-;

E+-jgraf,

cineraria,

cinerary 'sinajteri

'sina

cinnamon 'sinaman

.

ES

-jba:(r,

[-ed

E+-jba:(r

-d

cinque sigk

'sibaCr

ciborium si'boriam, -^bar-; S -'bor-;

|-s

-z

cinquefoil 'sigk^fail

Cinque Ports

|-ia -13

cicada si^keda, -^kada

ES

-'poats,

hau

[toy tai

'sigk'ports, -'parts;

E+-'paats

cicatrix 'sikatriks |-es -iz -trices jSikaHraisiz |

[full

-iz

cinema 'smama cinematograph iSma'maetajgraef;

chute Jut Ichuted Ifutid chutney, -nee 't/Atni

Cibber

[-'s

ES 'sigktJaCr; |-d -d ES 'sinda(r; |-ed -d

-,graf

tfa^n;

churr tjy;

loc.

'sindrig, 'sindarig

churchwarden

churl tjyl;

seem about equally frequent

generally.

cincture 'sigkija^;

't/st/-, 'tjytj-

church

Ja:d,

'simba(r

cinch sint/ |cinches 'sintjiz [cinched sintjt

chum tfAm chummed tjAmd j-my chump t/Amp |chumped tjAmpt

Churchill

'simba^;

Cimmerian sa'nurian

'tjAkaCr

Chulmleigh 'tjAinh

church, C- tjs^tj;

{Am Sp

jsima'rran)

would' tfud

chukker, -kar 't/Aka^;

|-es -iz

E+-'ga:(r

si'ga:(r,

cigarette, -ret ^siga'ret, 'sigajtet

-'ds-

chthonian 'Oonian |-onic 'Oanik; ES+'Gon-

chud

itjit/e-

'saidaCr

cider-mill 'saida^jinil;

-il

chrysolite 'krisl^ait

|-d

{It

eit$)

cider 'saida^;

'kraisl3(r

chrysoberyl 'krisajberal,

jtjitja'roni

jSisa'roni,

Vo:ne)

-iz

ES

Chrysler 'kraisla^;

'sisli

ful [tooth tue [further 'fs^Sa^;

ES

CIO

'si^ai'o

'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

—

—

.

cion

84 cireumnavigate jSa'kamWvajget;

cion 'scton 'saian

Cipango si'paeggo cipher

jsyk-; |-d -id

ES

'saifa^;

^saif3(r;

-d

|-ed

|-ing

%aifng, ^aifsrig

'saka, 'ss'ka

ES sa-; |-n -n ES 'sss-, 'syscircinate 'sysn^et; ES 'sss-, 'syscircle 'sykl; ES 'sskl, 'sykl; [-d -d

circuit 'sykit;

|-d

circular 'sykjala^;

ES

ES

'sykjala^raiz;

ES jssk-, jss^kES 'ssk-, 'syk-;

ES

ES

'sskjala-

ES

;

jssk-,

ES

jssk-,

ES

^ssk-, ^ss^k-;

l-d -id

'sykam^saiz;

ES

circumference

ES

In

-IZ

the

2d pron.

^ssk-, ^syk-

sa'kAm-;

sa^'kAmfarans,

^

ES

has become a

by r -dissimilation {§121) circumferential

ES

sa^jkAmfa'renJal;

'sykam^fleks;

ES

sa-;

's3k-,

'syk-;

circumfuse |-s

^sykam'fjuz, -iz j-d

circumjacence iSyk-; |-cy

ES

'ssk-, 'syk-;

ES

jsykam'staen/al;

jSsk-,

|-ly -i

jsykamjstaenji'jebti;

ES

jSsk-, ,syk-

ES

jSsk-,

jsyk-; |-d -id

ES

jSsk-,

jss^k-

|-ed -id |-vention

ES

C- 'sykas;

tliese

^ssk-,

'sisita^, 'sizita^;

ES

ES

prons. {including the -») are

used in Cirencester and vicinity. The cirque syk;

jsyk-;

'ssk-, 'syk-; |-es -iz

Cirencester 'sairan^sEsta^,

All

ES

-Ven/an

BBC {in

'sisitar, 'saiaran^sEstar.

ssk, sa^k

cirrhosis siVosis

cirro-cumulus

jSiro'kjumjabs,

-'kium-

|-li

cirrose 'siros |-ti

-tai

cirrus 'siras cirri 'sirai cirrous 'siras ]

|

C- sis'aelpain, -pin C- ^sisko

cisalpine,

|-es -IZ 1-ed -t

circumfluent sa^'kAmfluant;

ES

cisco,

sa-

-'fiuz;

ES

jssk-,

jsykam'dsesns;

-i |-cent

cismontane, C- sis'manten; ES+-'niDncispadane 'sispa^den, sis'peden

-d

ES

jssk-,

cist sist, kist

= kist

Cistercian sis'ty/an;

-snt

circumlocution ^ss^kamlo'kjujan, -'kiu-;

ES

cistern 'sista^n;

ES

citadel,

jssk-, jsyk-

ES

ES

-'tsj-, -'tyj-

'sistan

citable 'saitabl

circumlocutory jsykam'lakjajtori,

-jtari;

circumnavigable jss^kam'naevagabl;

C-

'sitadl, -jdel

citation sai'te/3n

iSsk-, jsyk-, -'Ink-, E+-jt3ri

ES

jSsk-,

cite salt ]cited 'saitid |citeable 'saitabl

cithara 'siOara

jsyk-

Key; See

jsyk-;

cirro-stratus jSiro'stretas

circumflex

^ssk-,

-jlai

J-ly-i

jsyk-;

circumstantial

1936) recommended

-d

circumcision jSykam'sisan;

|-s

'syk-;

's3k-,

ES

-IZ |-d -t

-ta(r

-IZ |-d

sa-;

|-s

circus,

iSyk-; |-d -id

circumaviate jsykam'evijct;

|-s

circumstance 'sykam^staens;

circumvent jsyksmHxnt;

jsyk-

circumambulate jsykam'aembjajlet;

jSsk-,

'ssk-, 's^k-

circumvallation jS3'kamvae'leJ'3n;

'syk-, E+-jt3ri

circumambient jsykam'aembiant

circumcise

ES

jsykam'spEkJan;

circumstantiate jsykam'staen/ijct;

^ssk-, jsyk-

circulatory 'sykjalajtori, -jtori;

ES

iSyk-

circumstantiality 'ssk-, 'syk-; |-d -id

circulation jsykja'leXan;

jtori,

sa-; |-ty -ti

-d

ES

^ssk-, ^ss^k-;

;syk-; |-tive -tiv

's3kJ3l3(r, 'sykjalaCr

circularity jsykja'laerati;

ES

-d ('circum^scribed 'halo)

circumspection

'sskit, 'sa^kit; |-ed -id

circulate 'sykjajet;

ES

jS3kam'pola(r,

circumscription jsykam'sknpjan; 1-ling

'ssk-, 'syk-

circuitous sa^'kjuitas, -'kiu-;

-iz |-d

ES

circumspect 'ss^kam^spEkt;

ES ES

jsak-,

jsykanijnaeva'ge/an;

circumscribe ,s3^kam'skraib;

-kho, -khg circlet 'ss'klit;

ES

-a(r

iSykam'pol3(r

Circe 'sysi, -si;

|-s

circumnavigation

circumpolar jsykam'pola^;

ES

Circassia sa^'ksejia, -Ja;

circularize

ES

|-tor -9^;

jsak-, jsyk-

cipolin 'sipslin circa 'syka;

cithara

bee bi |pity 'p'ti (§6) [rate ret |yet jst |sang saeij |angrj' 'aeg^gri baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wDiJ" (§12) Ijaw dja |gorge gards |go go

in full §§3-47.

|bath baee;

E

cither

classification

85

cither 'siOa^;

ES

'si63(r; |-n

clan klaen [clanned klaend [-nish -ij

-n

citied 'sitid

clandestine klaen'dEStin

citify ^sitijfai |-fied -^faid

clang klag [clanged klaegd

citizen 'sitszn, -sn |-ry -ri j-ship -j/ip

clangor 'klaegga^, 'klaega^;

citrate 'sitret, -rit |-d -id |-ric -rik

ES

citriculture 'sitrijkAltXa^;

ES

clansman 'klaenzman [-men -man

Citroen 'sitrojcn

clap klaep [clapped klaept

citron 'sitran |-ade jSitran'ed

clapboard -3rd;

citronella jSitr3n'£l3

C-

'sitras

|

city

ES

Am

Sp

-li,

clarabella,

-ikli

C-

E

civilizable 'sivl,aiz3bl

'klaea-,

civilize 'sivl,aiz j-s -iz [-d

ES

'klaeba^;

-d

|-ed

-baCr;

|-ing

'kka-,

ES

'kkrmor,

-mar;

'klaer-,

E

Clarence 'klaerans

[-'s

-iz

Clarendon, c- 'klaerandan

clack klaek clacked klaekt

claret 'klaerat, -it

|

Clackamas 'klaekamas |-'s -iz Clackmannan klaek'maenan |-shire

Claribel 'klaera jbel -;Xir, -Ja^;

Clarice 'klaeris

|-'s

-iz

clarification ^klaerafa'kejan

-;Xi3(r, -/3(r

clad klaed

clarify 'klaera jfai |-fied -jfaid

ES

Claiborne 'kleba^n;

'kleban

Clarinda kla'rinda

Claibornian kle'bornian, -'bam-;

ES

-'boan-,

E+-'baan-

clarinet jklaera'net ('clarionet 'solo) clarion,

claim klem [claimed klemd |-ant -ant

kkr, klar;

E kka(r, ES

E

Clarissa kla'risa

kka-,

ES

kliea-; |-ant -ant

clarity 'klaerati

Clark, -e klark;

Clallam 'klaelam

Clarksburg

clam klaem [clammed klsemd clamant 'klemant clambake 'klaem^bek clamber 'klaemba^; ES

ES

kla:k, E-hkla:k

ES

'klarksbyg;

clary 'kkri, 'klaen; S 'klaeri clash klaej [clashes 'klaejiz [clashed klae/t

-ba(r;

'klaemi |-mily -mli,

]-ed

-d |-ing

clasp klaesp; E+klasp, klasp; [ed

-t

class klaes; E-i-klas, klas; |-es -iz [-ed -t

-mih

classic 'klaesik [-al -I [-ally -li, -ikli

'klaema(r; |-ed -d |-ing

'klfemrig, 'klaemarig

classicalism 'klaesikl,izam

|-ist -ist

classicaUty jklaesa'kaelati

clamorous 'klaemaras, 'kl^emras

classicism 'klaesa jSizam

clamp klaemp [clamped klaempt

classifiable 'klaesajfaiabl

clamshell 'klaemj/tl

classification jklaesafa'kejan

ful [tooth tu8 [further 'fy'Sa';

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz,

'kla-.ksbsg,

'kla:ksbyg, E-i-'kla:ks-

'klaembarig, 'klaembrig

ES

.

C- 'klaerian

clarionet ^klaeria'net

klaea(r

clairvoyance kkr'vaians, klaer-;

[full

E

'kkamoa(r, 'klaa-, -maa(r; S 'klaeamoa(r

-d

'klaebarig, 'klaebrig

clamor 'klaema-;

klaBa(r

'klaer-;

-mont

Claremore

civilization iSivla'ze/an, -ai'z-

ES

kka(r,

Claremont 'kkrmant,

clammy

'klaepa-; j-ed -d

jklaera'bela

civilian saViljan jcivility sa'vilati

Clair(e)

ES

Clara 'klera, 'klaera; S 'klaera

-s |-ally

Clare kkr, klaer;

ES

-d [-ing

|-ed

claque klaek

sju'tiatitru'hijo

civil 'sivl, less freq. 'sivil |-ly -i

clabber

'klaepa(r;

claptrap 'klaep jtraep

civet 'sivit j-ed -id |-s

ES

clapperclaw 'klaepa^jkla;

'siti [citied 'sitid

civic 'sivik

|-ed -id

'klaeparig, 'klaeprig

city-state 'siti'stet

Ciudad Trujillo

'klaep^bord,

'klaeboad, 'klaepjboad,

'klajbad,

clapper 'klaepa^;

'sitan

'klaebord,

'klaeba^d,

ES

E+-aad;

citrous 'sitras

Citta del Vaticano It tjit'ta-deljvati'kamo cittern 'sita^n;

-d

clank klsegk [clanked klaegkt

-jkAltJaCr

citrine 'sitnn

citrus,

|-ed

-a(r;

|-ous -as

huz

ES

'fstJa

[-cist -sist

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[dish dij [vision 'visan

[Eden

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

86

classify

clientele

classify 'klaes3,fai |-fied -jfaid

cleat klit (cleated 'klitid

classman 'klaesman; E+'klas-, 'klas-; |-men

cleavable 'kUvabl

-man

cleavage 'kUvids cleave

classmate 'klaes^met; E+'klas-, 'klas-

classroom 'klaes^rum, -,Tvm; E+'klas-, 'klas-

ES

clatter 'klaeta^;

Claude Lorrain

'klaet3(r; [-ed

'kbdlo'ren,

-b-,

(Fr

-Id-

-n

|-n

kbz

\past cleft kleft or cleaved

klivd or clove klov; arch, clave klev \pptc

kkft

or

cleaved

klivd

Cleaveland, Moses 'kbvbnd

kkf

claustral 'kbstral

clef

claustrophobia ^kbstra'fobia

cleft

clavate 'klevet |-d -id

cleistogamus klais'tagsmss, -'tog-

'klaevaras,

ES

|-'s -iz,

'klaev»-

'klaeva^z,

'klaevaras, 'klaevaz, 'klaeva^haus;

Bri4+^k\e\-^kaad

Clementine /e??7. name 'kkman^tin, -jtain

clavicle 'klaevakl

'keyboard'

kbVir,

'klaevia^,

ES 'klaevi'3(r, kb clawed kbd

ment' kbVir;

claw

'instru-

|

Clayhanger

'kle^haeria^;

ES

ES

E+

-mo3(r,

clepsydra 'kkpsidra

Clayton 'kletn

clerestory

clean klin cleaned klind |-ness 'klmnis

'kbr;Stori,

'kbajstori,

|

cleanly adv 'klinli

cleric

clear-eyed

kli3(r,

|-iac -i,aek

-jstori;

ES

E

S

'klia-;

'kbdsi, 'klydsi; |-man

|-s

'kha'kAt,

S-h'kkr-;

|-al -1 |-ally

loc.

-iz

S+'kka('clear-^eyed

-b, -ikb Brit. kla:k, klark;

-b

Clerkenwell 'klykan^wel;

S+kl£3(r; |-ed -d

ES

'khr'aid;

ES

'kbk-, 'kls-k-;

'kla:kanwal

Clermont 'kkrmant; ES 'kkamant, -mnnt Clevedon 'kUvdan Cleveland 'kbvland

'ox)

Clearfield 'kbr.fdd;

ES

'kha-, S+'klea-

ES

clearheaded 'klir'hedid; clearing 'kbrig;

clearstarch 'kbr^startj;

S 'kbajstaitj, 'kka-; clearstory

clever

'kba-, S-h'kka-

S+'kkrig; |-house -,haus

clear-sighted 'kbr'saitid;

'kbr,ston,

E

ES

'kbajstaitj, -^sta:!/;

E

-jston;

'kba-;

'kbr^wota',

S

See in full §§3-^7.

E

'kkva(r;

-jwnta^;

S+'kka-

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

ES

|far

'kkvara^,

[-er

-ra(r; |-est -ist, -vrist

|-'s

-iz

clew klu, kliu j-ed -d

click

kli'/e

kbk |chcked kbkt

clickety -clack 'kbkati'klaek -jwata^,

'kb3jW3t3(r, -jwat-, -jwnt-,

Ibath baeO;

ES

clevis 'kkvis |-es -iz

chche

|-es -iz |-ed -t

ES

'kkva^;

'kkvra^;

Cleves klivz

'kba-, S-i-'kka-

'kbajSton, 'kka-

Clearwater

Key:

-z j-drae -jdri

ES kbk, klyk;

|-ed -t |-ly

clearance 'klirans; S + 'kkr-; clear-cut 'klir'kAt;

'kkrik

clerk klyk;

[cleanses 'kkiiziz |-d -d

cleanup n 'klin^Ap

ES

-iz

-man |-men -man

cleanly adj 'kknli

kknz

-t

[-'s

'kka-

clergy 'kls^dsi;

clean-cut 'klin'kAt ('clean-^cut 'edges)

clear kbr;

\-s

cleptomania ^kkpta'mema

-m33(r

cleanse

Clement' 'kkmantin, -jtain

Cleopatra jklia'petra, -'patra, -'paetra

-jhaeoaCr

-mar;

'klemor,

'of

Cleomenes kU'amSjiiiz; ES-h-'om-; Cleon 'klian, -on

C- kle clayed kled

claymore

Clementine

clench kkntj [clenches 'klentjiz [-ed

kla'viaCr

I

clay,

|-es -iz

Clemenceau jkkman'so (Frklema'so) Clemens 'kkmanz |-'s -iz clement, C- 'kkmant clemency 'kkmsnsi Clementina jkkman'tina |

ES

clavichord 'klaevajkard;

clavier

kkft

clematis, C- 'kkmatis

clave arch, past of cleave klev

jhaus;

cloven

cleek klik |-ed -t

|clauses ^kbziz ]-d -d |-sal -1

Claverhouse

or

'klovan; arch, clove klov

]-ius -s 1-ius's -siz

Claudio 'kbdijO, 'kbdjo clause

kUv

'split'

cleft

klodlD^rje)

Claudia 'kbdia

clave klev or clove klov

\arch. past

cleave

-d

-iz

\-s

kliv \past b" pptc cleaved klivd

'clitig'

|

-click

-'kbk

client 'klaiant |-ed -id |-age -ids

cHentele ^klaian'tel 'piti

(§6) [rate ret |yet ]zt |sang saeg |angr>^ 'aeo'gri

far |watch watf,

wotj (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards

|go

go

clootie ^kluti,

cliff klif Icliffed klift

ES Mifad

Clifford 'khfa^d;

Clifton 'khftan

|-ia

khf'tonia

close adj klos;

climacterical jklaimaek^terikl

climactic klai'maektik

n close n close

|-ly -i

climax ^klaimaeks

C-

close-grained 'klos 'gr end

j-er -a^;

ES

-3(r

close-lipped 'klos'hpt ('close-clipped 'smile)

close-mouthed 'klos'mau'Sd, -'mauGt closet 'klazit, 'klnzit |-ed -id

klintj" |-es -iz j-ed -t

Clinedinst 'klaindmst

khg clung kUg

clinic 'klinik |-al -1

close-up 'klosjAp |

|

ES

closure 'klosa^;

-stone -jston

'klo33(r; |-d -d

clot klat; ES-i-klnt; |-ted -id

-ally -li, -ikli

Cloten 'klotn

clinician kli'ni/an

clink kligk |clinked kliijkt

ES

-»;

|-er

ES

clinker-built 'khgka-jbilt;

-3(r

clinometer klai'namata^, kli-;

cloth kbe, kloG

'pieces

|-ths

'kinds of cloth' -9s

'kligka-

|-'s

ES

-'namataCr,

Note

that the

3 sg pres

is

cHnometric ^klaina'metrik

|-al -1

oftener.

Clinton 'klintan

clothes

Clio 'klaio

n

kloz, klotSz

—kloz has been

vated colloq. pron. for

clip klip clipped 1

khpt

|-per -a^;

ES

says

-3(r

200

Walker {1791)

give only kloz.

Clitheroe 'klitJa^ro

calls it

clitoris 'klaitaris, 'klitaris |-es -iz

Eng. Usage) denies

Clitus 'klaitas

usual pron. [in Engd].

|-'s

-iz

Clive klaiv

rectly labeled

Cliveden 'klivdan cloaca klo'eka

klok

|-s

-z |-acae -'esi

|cloaked

[NEngd+kVSk

klokt;

cloakroom 'klok^rum, -/rum cloche klo/ jcloches 'klojiz (Fr

Makjwaiz;

ES

Fowler {Mod.

and says kloz Webster

is the

Jias

cor-

Tfie L.

A. shoivs an overwhelming majority

for kloz.

Tlie verb clothes klotiz keeps its

from clothe noun has no

klot$

b' clothed klotid.

?i

The

sg klotS. 'kloz^baeskit,

'klotJz-;

E+

-jbas-, -jbas-

clothesbrush 'kloz^biAj, 'kloSz-

ES-t-'klok-

clockwork 'kiak^wyk;

this

&r

{1780)

Oxf. Diet.

kloz 'Colloq.' for some 70 yrs.

clothesbasket

klbj")

clock klak; ES-i-klok; |-ed -t

'klakjwsk, -jwyk,

'klok-

|-es -iz

clotheshorse 'kloz^hars, 'klotiz-;

ES

-^haas;

|-S -IZ

clod klad;

ES+klod;

clodhopper

|-ded -id

'klad^hapa';

ES

clothesline 'klozjlam, 'klotJz-

'kladjhap3(r.

'klnd^hopaCr

clodpoll, -pole

clog klag, king,

clothespin 'klozjpin, 'kloSzclothespress 'klozjpres, 'kloSz-

clodpate %lad^pet; ES-^'klnd-;

Madjpol;

kbg [ged

'kbista^;

ES

ES+ Mod-

clothier 'klotSja-,

-d

Maistarig, ^kbistrig

-st3(r;

\-es -iz

clothes-wringer 'kloz^riga', 'kloSz-;

|-d -id

-tJia^;

ES

ES -jrig3(r

'kloSjaCr, -i-3(r

clothing 'klo^ig

cloisonne ^kbiza'ne {Fr klwaza'ne)

|full

"vulgar or careless."

the culti-

Dr. Johnson

yrs.

"always clo's," Sheridan

clique klik, klik

cloister

not kloz, the usual

pron. of the noun clothes, which occurs far

-'nom-

clockwise

-Sz,

of cloth'

-0s

clothe V kloiJ |clothes kloSz |clothed kloSd

clinkety-clink ^kligkati'kligk

cloak

|-s -iz

close-hauled 'klos 'hold

|-es -iz |-ed -t

clime klaim clinch,

'enclosed place' klos

close-fitting 'klos'fitig

-^tJuaCr

climb klaim jclimbed klaimd

{§46)

-iz

|-s

closefisted 'klos'fistid ('close-fisted 'miser]

|-tal -itl, -all

ES

NEngd+hY6s

'end' kloz

1

climatology jklaima'tabdsi; ES+-'tDlclimature 'klaimajt/ur;

'klyti

close V kloz closes 'kloziz [closed klozd

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

climate 'klaimit |-d -id

Sc

Cloquet klo'ke

climacteric klai'maektsrik, jklaimsek'terik

cling

cloths

87

cliff

|-ed

Clotho 'kloeo -d

|-ing

|-tral -tral

ful |tooth tue Ifurther 'fySa';

cloths 'pieces of cloth' klacJz, klntiz; 'kinds of cloth'

ES

'fstJa

kbes, kloes

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fauz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

cobra

cloture Those words below in which the a sound

ES

cloture 'klotja^, -tjur;

is spelt

-tJuaCr;

'klot/aCr,

ES

-^bsst, -jbyst

cloud-capped 'klaud^kaept

coach-and-four 'kotjan'for,

-'far;

Coachella jkoa't/ela

cloudlet 'klaudbt

coachman 'kotjman |-men -man

clough kUf, klau Irel

,

ES

klox

j-ive -iv

ES

clove 'spice' klov jcloved klovd

coagulation kojaegja'leXan, jkoaegja-

clove past of cleave klov

Coahoma jkoa'homa

Clovelly klo'vEli

Coahuila jkoa'wila

cloven 'klovan

coal kol coaled kold

coalesce jkoa'les

-iz 1-d -t

1-s

coalescence jkoa'lEsns 1-cy

'ox)

cloven-hoofed 'klovan'huft, -'huft

ES |-'s

ES

coalless 'kollis

coaming 'konug

-iz

1-ed -d |-age -ids 1-ery

-an

ES

coarse kors, kars;

koas,

coarsen 'korsn, 'karsn;

clubfoot 'kUb'fut, -,fut

ES

coast kost Icoasted 'kostid

clubland 'kUbjlaend

coastward 'kostwa^d; |-men

-jmaen

-man,

clubwoman

-,wum-

'kUb^wuman,

|-men

-jwinun, -an

kUk

1

kUkt

coastways 'kost^wez

coauthor ko'aOa^; |

1-wise -jwaiz

ES

coaxes

ES 'kUmbaCr clump kUmp clumped kUmpt

coaxal ko'aeksl

clumsy 'kUmzi

cob kab |-bed -d

-'a0a(r; [-ship -//ip

'koksiz

|

coaxed kokst;

INEngd+k'Sks (§46)

|

|-sily -zali, -zili

1-xial -ksial 1-xially -ksiali

cobalt, C- 'kobalt

clung klAo

Cluniac 'klunijaek, 'khuni-

Cobbett 'kabit

Cluny

cobble 'kabl

'kluni, 'kliuni {Fr kly'ni)

ES

'kksta-;

'klAstriQ,

j-ed

-ta(r;

-d

|-ing

kUtJ clutches 'kUtJiz 1

ES

ES

|-ling 'kablig, -blig

'kabla(r; |-y -i

Cobham 'kabam, 'kabm

Clutton-Brock 'kktn'brak

'klaima^;

-d

ES

Cobden 'kabdan Cobh kov

j-ed -t

'klAta(r; j-ed -d

Clyde klaid |-bank -^baegk

j-d

cobbler 'kabla^;

cobblestone 'kabljston

'kUstang

clutter 'klAta^;

Clymer

j-al -1 [-ally -li

ES 'kostwad

coati ko'ati

coax koks

clumber 'kUmba-;

clutch

E+'kaasn;

coattail 'kot,tel |-ed -d

clucked

clue klu, kliu j-d -d

cluster

'koasn,

coat kot Icoated 'kotid; \NEngd+\:6i (§46)

-jm£n

cluck

'koas-.

1-ed -d 1-ing -snirj, -snig

clubfooted 'kUb'futid ('clubifooted 'sophisms)

'kUbman,

ES

E-f-'kaas-

clubbable, clubable 'kUbabl

clubman

E+kaas

coarse-grained 'kors'grend, 'kars-;

kUbd

clubbed

1

-snt

coalition ikoa'lijan ('coajUtion 'party)

'klova-

cloy kbi 1-ed -d |-edness -idnis

kUb

-i j-cent

Coalinga jkoa'hrjga

'klov3(r; |-ed -d

clover-leaf adj 'klova^jlif ;

club

-ta(r

j-d -id |-lant -lant

1

Movan'futid ('cloven-jfooted

cloven-footed

clown klaun

-'foa(r,

coadjutor ko'aedsata^, ^koa'dsuta^; coagulate ko'aegja Jet

Clovis 'klovis

S

coact ko'aekt |-ed -id |-ction -kj"an

clout klaut Iclouted 'klautid

clover 'klova^;

and

E-^-'f3a(r

cloudland 'klaud jlsend

Clough kUf

E

-sas

|-sus'

Cnut ka'nut, -'niut, -'njut= Canute coach kotj |coaches 'kotjiz [coached kotjt

l-d-d cloud klaud |clouded ^klaudid

cloudburst 'klaud^byst;

o are often pronounced uith n in

Cnossus 'nasas

Coblenz 'koblents

|-sdale -Zjdel

l-'s

-iz

Cobleskill 'kobjz,kil, 'kobl.skil

'klaima(r

Clytemnestra, -taem- jklaitam'nestra

Cobourg Can 'kobyg; ES 'kobsg, -byg

Cnidus 'naidas

cobra 'kobra

Key: See

|-'s

-iz

in full §§3^7.

Ibath baeO;

E

bee bi jpity

baO (§10) lah a

Ifar

'piti

(§6) Irate ret lyet J£t jsang saeg |angr\- 'seg-gri

far |watch watj",

wntj (§12) jjaw dsa |gorge gards

jgo

go

Coburg

coexecutQr

89

Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

o are often pronounced with d in

ES

Coburg Germany 'kobyg; ES -bag, -byg; {Ger

cocksure

K- 'ko:burk) Coburn 'kobs'n; ES 'koban; c/Cockbum cobweb 'kabjweb |-webbery -iWebari, -bri

cockswain 'kaks^i, 'kak jS wen cocktail 'kak^tel j-ed -d

coca 'koka

coco 'koko

'kak'Jur;

E

-lfua(r;

'plan)

cocaine, -ain ko^ken, 'koken |-ism -'kenizam

cocoa 'koko, 'koka

coccus 'kakas cocci 'koksai

coconut, cocoa- 'kokanat, 'koka^nAt

coccygeal kak^sidsial

cocoon ka'kun, ku'kun

]

coccyx 'kaksiks

|coccyges kak'saidsiz

|-es -iz

Cocos 'kokas cocotte ko'kat, ka- {Fr ka'kat)

Cochin, c- 'kot/m, 'kat/in

Cochin China 'kotjin't/aina,

cocytus, C- ko'saitas

'katj-

cod, C-

cochlea 'kaklia cochleae 'kakhji

C.O.D. 'si.o'di coda 'koda

|

Cochran,

-e

ES

'kakli'3(r

-iz

j-'s

kad [codded 'kadid

cochineal jkatja'nil ('cochijneal 'dye)

cochlear 'kaklia-;

Coddington 'kadigtan

'kakran

cock kak cocked kakt

coddle 'kadi

cockade kak'ed |-aded -'edid

code kod [coded 'kodid

|

cock-a-doodle jkaka'dudl

|-d

-d |-ling 'kadbg, 'kadlig

|-d

codefendant jkodi'fendant

-d

cock-a-doodle-doo 'kakajdudl'du

codeine 'kodijin, 'kodin |-dein -dun

cock-a-hoop jkaka'hup, -'hup

codex

'kodsks

|-es

'kad

cockalorum jkaka'loram, -'bram; S -'loram

the singidar.

cock-and-bull story 'kakan'buljStori, 'kakg-,

short in English, as in orator,

The

solitude, nominal,

S -jStori

lo7ig

j-'s

-iz

cockatrice 'kakatris

codger 'kadsa^;

ES

'kadsaCr

Cockburn

codices 'koda,siz, 'kad-

ES

'koba^n;

cockchafer 'kak^tjefa^;

'koban; cf Coburn

codicil 'kadasi, -jsil

ES

codify 'kadajfai, 'kod-

-jt/efaCr

'kaka^;

see

•

codex

|-fied -jfaid

codling 'kadkg

cockcrow 'kakjkro cocker

by analogy with

etc.

codfish 'kadjfij

|-s -iz

is

o of Latin becomes prominent.

cockatoo jkaka'tu ('cockaitoo 'orchis)

cockboat 'kak^bot

'koda^siz.

|codices

-iz

Tlw o in codices

Cockaigne ka'ken

-jStari;

S

and

('cock-sure

ES

'kaka(r;

-d

j-ed

|-ing

codpiece 'kad^pis [-pieces -jpisiz

Cody

'kakarig, 'kakrig

'kodi

cockerel 'kakaral, 'kakral

coed, co-ed 'ko'ed, 'koitd ('co^ed 'college)

Cockermouth 'kaka^maG, -jinauG; ES 'kaka-

coeducation jkoedsa'ke/an

cockeye 'kak^ai

coefiicient jkoa'fijant, ^kci-

|-d

-d

cockfight 'kakjfait

coeliac 'sikjtek

cockhorse 'kak 'bars; 'cockjhorse

ES

-'baas;

|-s

-iz

(a

coempt ko'Empt

|-ed -id j-ption

coenobite 'sEnajbait,

'air)

cockle 'kakl |-d -d |-ling 'kakkg, 'kaklig

cocklebur 'kakl^by;

ES

coequal ko'ikwal j-ed -d

ES

coerce ko'ys;

cockloft 'kak^bft, -\nii

coercion ko'3j"an;

cockney, C- 'kakni |-ism -jizam

Ifull

-'as, -'ys; |-s -iz |-d -t

ES

coetemal jkci'ts^nl;

ful Itooth tue [further 'fytS*;

-'a/an, -'sj'an

|-cive

ES

-'tanl, -'tynl; j-ly -i

Coeur de Lion jkyda'lian, -'Uan; ES

j-es -iz

|-ed -d |-ry

|-ly -i

-SIV

cockpit 'kakjpit

cockscomb 'kaksjkom cockshot 'kakjat cockshut 'kakjAt

-p/an

'sin-

coequality jko-i'kwalati, 'kwnl-

-ib3(r, -jbs^

cockleshell 'kaklj/tl

cockroach 'kak^rotj"

-k

|-al -1 [-ally

-n

coeval ko'ivl

|-ly -i |-ity jko«i'vaebti

coexecutor ^ko-ig'zekjata';

ES

jks-,

ik3^-;(Frkoerda'ljo)

'fstSa

ES

-'z£kjata(r

[custom 'kAstam [while hwari [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish AiS [vision 'vigan [Eden 'id^ [cradle 'kred) [keep

'em

tai

'kipip

90

coexist Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

coexist jko-ig^zist |-ed -id j-ence -ans |-ent

-ant

C-

coffee,

|-ed -id |-tensive -nsiv

rmich less Jreq. 'kafi

'kofi,

'kafi,

-house -jhaus

|-pot

clearly prevails in all coffer 'kafa^, 'kofa^;

ES

In coffee regions of US. -ipat

3

C-

'kafin,

'kofm

Coffman 'kafman,

coistrel,

ES

-il

-Jfuacr; |-d -d

kaia(r

^kaistral

coition ko'i/an

coitus 'ko-itas |

Coke kuk, kok

Coffey ville %3fi,vd, 'kofi-; S+-vl cofi&n,

ES

coke kok coked kokt

|-dam -jdaem

-f3(r;

colander 'kAlanda^, 'kal-;

ES

name 'kolba^t, Fr name kal'berr

Colbert A7n

|-ed -d

-bat;

'kof-, 'kaf-

-da(r 'kal-,

cog kag, kog, lessfreq. kog |-ged -d

Colby

cogence 'kodsans

Colchester 'koljtjESta^ ; 'koltXista-;

-dsant

l-cy -i j-gent

'kolbi

cogitate 'kadsa^tet |-d -id |-tive -iv

Colchis 'kalkis

cogitation jkadsa'te/an

cold kold Icolded %oldid

cognac 'konjaek, 'kan- {Fr ka'jiak)

cold-blooded

|-'s

|

cognizance 'kagnazans, 'kan-

cognomen kag'noman -'namana

-jbkdid

'kold'hUdid,

\-s -iz |-nt

-nt

|-nomina

-z

j-s

cold-shoulder

ES

-'ha:tid,

'kold'/olda';

v

ES

Coldstream 'kold^strim

cohabitation jkohaeba'tejan

Coleman 'kolman

Cohasset ko'haesit

coleopterous jkoli'aptaras, jkak-

E -'£a(r, ES

-'aea(r; |-ess -is

Coleridge 'kolridg, not infreq. 'kolarids

|-'s

ES

ko'hia(r, S+-'hea(r

coherence ko'hirans; S + -'h£r-; |-ent -ant coherer ko'hira^;

ES

S+-'hera(r

-'hira(r,

Colet 'kaht coleus,

C- 'kohas

|-es -iz

Coleville 'kolvil

cohesion ko'hisan |-hesive -'hisiv

colewort 'koljwyt;

Cohoes ko'hoz

Colfax 'kolfieks

|-'s

cohort 'kohart;

ES

-iz

colic

'kohaat

cohortative ko'hartativ;

ES

ES

-^wst, -^wyt

-iz

'kahk [cohcky 'kaliki

Coliseum jkala'siam

1

kwafer; ES

|-'s

Colin 'kalin

-%aat-

coif kaif coifed kaift

{Fr kwa-

-'f3(r, -'fy;

colitis

koHaitis

collaborate ka'laebaifet j-d -id [-tor -»;

ifoe:r)

coiffure kwa'fjur, -'fiur;

ES

-'£jua(r, -'fiua(r;

(Fr kwa'fy:r)

collage ka'las, ko- 1-gist collapse ka'laeps

coil kail coiled kaild 1

kam

|-ed -d |-age -ids |-ages -idsiz

-ist.

ES

collar 'kala^;

-iz |-cy -i |-nt -nt

collarbone 'kala^'bon, -jbon;

jkcm-

collaret, -tte jkala'ret

coincidental kojinsa'dcntl,

coincidently ko'msadantli

coinsurance jko-in'/urans

See in full §§3-A7.

E

|-ly -i

-abl

collapsibility kajlaepsa'bilati

coincidence ko'msadans

\-s

{Fr ka'lars)

|-s -iz j-d -t |-sible

coincide jko-in'said |-cided -'saidid

|bath baeG;

ES

-a(r; j-tive -iv

collaboration ka^laeba 're/an

kam

coign, -e

-iz

coleslaw 'kolisla

-esses -isiz

Key:

-'/olda(r;

coldslaw 'kol/sla, 'kold-

cole kol

coheir ko'er, -'aer;

E+

|-ed -d 1-ing -Ifoldario. -Ifoldrig

cohabit ko'haebit |-ed -id

coin

('cold-

-'ha:tid

cogwheel 'kagjhwil, 'kng-, lessfreq. 'kag-

coiffeur

-ta(r

-iz

cold-hearted 'kold'hartid;

kag'mXan cognitive 'kagnativ

cognizable 'kagnazabl |-bly -bli

cohere ko'hir;

ES

-blooded 'mahce)

cognate 'kagnet

1

ES

'kol-;

colchicum, C- 'kalt/ikam

cogitable 'kadsitabl

cognition

E and S

o are often pronounced with n in

coinsure ^kcin'/ur; coir kair;

coextend ^ko'ik'stend

1

collateral

'kala(r; |-ed -d

ES

'kala-

collate ka'let, ka-, 'kalet |-d -id |-s

-iz

collateral ka'laetaral |-ly -i

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jst |sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gri baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

n

n

'kalekt

ka'kkt

collect

color 'kAla^;

'kAb(r; j-ed -d

Colorado ^kab'raedo, -'rado |-dan -dan -'rado prevails in the

ka'kkjan

doubt that in the

collective ka'Iektiv |-ism -jizam

|-ist -ist

US

prevails.

coloration jkAb 're/an

-'Isktacr; |-ship

-Jip

coloratura jkAbra'tjura, ikal-, -'tiura, -'tura colorature 'kAbraitJur, 'kal-;

college 'kalids

color-bearer

j-s -iz

college-bred 'kalids'bred ( 'college- jbred 'man)

ibera(r,

'kAla^jbera',

ES

colorful

Colleton 'kabtn

colorimeter jkAb'rimata^;

collide ka'laid |-lided -'laidid

colossal ka'lasl |-ly -i

ES

colossus ka'lasas

'kalJ3(r; j-y -i

collimiate 'kalajmet j-d -id j-tion

jkab'mejsn

CoUingwood 'kalig^wud

ES

-'rimata{r

ka'hsan

-sai j-sus' -sas

'kal^porta',

colt,

j-al -1

-iparta^;

ES

colter 'kolta^;

Colton 'koltn

\NEngd+\:i\t

'koltid;

-i

'kolta(r; |-ed -d

Colum 'kabm Columb 'kabm Columba ka'lAmba

'kabid |-al ka'bidl 'kabp IcoUoped 'kabpt j-ism -^izam

colloquiality kajlokwi'aebti

Columbia ka'Umbia, -bja

colloquy 'kabkwi

columbine, C- 'kabm^bain

coUude ks'lud,

columbium ka'lAmbiam Columbus ka'bmbas |-'s -iz column 'kabm, humorous 'kaljam

-'liud |-d -id

collusion ka'lusan, -'liusan |-sive -siv

Colman 'kolman Cologne, c- ka'lon {Ger Koln, C- koeln)

Colombia ka'bmbia {Sp ko'bmbja) Colombo ka'lAmbo, ks'lambo Colon ko'lan, -'Ion {Am Sp ko'lon) colon 'kobn colon coin ko'lon colonel 'kynl;

ES

|-s

j-n

-n

-n

|-ed -d

columnar ka'lAinna^; ES -'lAnma(r columniation 'columning' kajAmni'eJan Colusa ka'lusa, ka'husa Colvin 'kolvin, 'kal-

-z |-es -es

colonial ka'lonial |-ism -^izam

coma 'stupor' 'koma 1-s -z coma 'comet's head' 'koma [-ae -i Comanche kc'raaent/i |-chean -tjian comatose 'kamajtos, 'koma-

colonist 'kabnist

colonization jkabna'zeXan, -ai'z-

|full

|-n

columnist 'kabmist, 'kabmnist

'ksnl, 'kynl; 1-ed -d j-cy -si

colonize 'kab^naiz

ES

{§46)

collodion ka'lodisn

colloquial ka'lokwial |-ly

|-es -iz |-ssi

-ter

Colquhoun ka'hun C- kolt Icolted

-iz

|-'s

colporteur,

collocate 'kalojket |-d -id |-tion ^kalo'ke/an

collop

'kAb-

-ipoata(r, E+-jpaata(r; {Fr kalpar'toe:r)

Collin wood 'kalin^wud

colloid

E

Colosseum jkab'sbm Colossian ka 'la/an |-s -z

'kah

collied 'kalid

collision

-jtfua(r

'kAb^bbind; ES 'kAb'kAWal; ES 'kAb-; |-ly -i

color-blind

collet 'kaht |-ed -id

Collins 'kalinz

ES

-^baera^;

-jbaera(r

collegian ka'lidsan, -dsian |-giate -dsiit, -dsit

collier 'kalja^;

little

-ikh

colleen 'kalin, ka'lin

collie

Tliere is

state.

as a whole jkab'raedo

j-ally -li,

kaJektaVistik

ES

Ob-

servers disagree as to whether jkab'raedo or

collectible, -able ka'lektabl

collector ka'lekta^;

ES

colorable 'kAbrabl |-bly -bh

|-ed -id

collectibility, -ability kajektd'bilstl

collectivistic

and S

colophon 'kabjfan, -fan

collectanea jkalek 'tenia

collection

E

colony 'kabni

'kalig

colleague v ka'lig, ka- |-leagued -'ligd

collect V

o are often pronounced with d in

colonnade ^kab'ned |-naded -'nedid

collation ka'lejan, ka-

colleague

comb

91

collation

|-s -iz j-d

j-ist -ist

-d

ful Itooth tu6 Ifurther 'fytJa^;

comb kom

|

combed komd;

\NEngd+ii6v\

(§46)

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how

hau

|using 'juzig jfuse fjuz, fiuz ]dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kred} [keep

|toy tai

'em 'kipm

comb Those words below in which the a sound

comb

commit

92 is spelt

kum

'valley'

combat n 'kambaet, 'kAmcombat v 'kambaet, 'kAm-, kam'beet |-tec combatant 'kambatant, 'kAmcombative kam'baetiv, 'kambativ, 'kAmcombe kum comber 'koma^; ES 'komaCr combinative 'kamba^netiv, kam'bamativ

combine n 'kambain, kam'bam combine v kam'bain |-bined -'baind combings 'komigz

idh

combustibility kamjbAsta'bibti

combustion kam'bAstJan

-id

come n malting kom, kum come V kAm |came kem jcome kAm

i?t

nn-

kam (kam'in!)

commensuration kajmEnJa'reJan, -^mensacomment n 'kament comment v 'kament, lessfreq. ka'ment j-ed -id

commentary 'kaman^tEri commentator 'kaman^teta^; ES -,teta(r commerce n 'kama^s, -mys; ES 'kamas, -mss, -mys commerce v ka'mys; ES -'mss, -'mys; |-s -iz

come-and-go 'kAman'go comedian ka'midian

comedienne ka^midi'sn {Fr kame'dJEn) comedy 'kamadi comely 'kAmli comestible ka'mestabl

l-d-t

comet 'kamit

commercial ka'my/al;

comfit 'kAmfit, 'kam-

ES

-^men-

kajmEnJara'bdati,

sara-

commensurable ka'men/arabl, -'mensaraI-bly ^bh commensurate adj ka'mtnjarit, -'mensacommensurate v ka'mEnJajret, -'mensa- j-d

|-ed -id

stressed position often

commemorate ka'memajret |-rated -jretid commemoration kajmema'rejan commence ka'mens |-s -iz |-d -t |-ment -mant commend ka'mend |-ed -id commendable ka'mendabl |-bly -bli commendation jkaman'de/an, jkamencommendatory ka'mendajton, -jtari; S -jtori commensurability

[-dly

combustible kam'bAstabl j-bly -bh

comfort 'kAmfa^t;

E and S

E+-an-, -an-id

combination jkaraba'nejan

combust kam'bAst

o are often pronounced with n in

commandment ka'msendmant, -'maenmant;

|-ly -I |-ism

ES

ES

'kAmfatabI

comforter 'kAmfa^ta^, 'kAmfata^;

ES

-fata( r;

'kAmfata' shows r-dissimilation {§121).

comfry 'kAmfri comic 'kamik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli Cominius ka'mmias, -njas j-'s -iz Comintern jkamm'tyn, 'kamin^tyn; ES -yn

-'msj"-;

-ai'z-;

-jms/-, -jmsj-

commercialize -'my/-;

-3n,

-'ms/-,

kajmy/ala'zejan,

commercialization

-fat; |-ed -id

comfortable 'kAmfa^tabl;

ES

-jizam

ES

ka'myfal,aiz;

-'ms/-,

-d

1-s -iz |-d

comminate 'kamajuet [-nated -^netid commination ,kama'nejan commingle ka'miggl |-d -d comminute 'kama^njut, -^niut, -^nut |-d -id comminution jkama'njujan, -'niu-, -'nu-

comitatus jkami'tetas

commiserable ka'mizarabl

comity 'kamati

commiserate ka'mizajtet -rated -jetid

comma 'kama |-ed -d command ka'maend;

commiseration ka^miza 're/an

]

ES-i--'mand, -'mand;

conomandant jkaman'daent, -'dant

commandeer jkaman'dir; ES

commissariat /kama'sEriat,

-'dia(r.

s+

-da(r.

E+

jka'maenda^;

ES

in

chief ka'maendarin'tjif;

-'mand-, -'mand-

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

Ibath baed;

E

E+

-'saer-, -'ser-

|-ed -d

commissionaire kajmijan'sr,

ES

-'mand-, -'mand-

-'sa:(r, E-i--'sa:(r

commissarj^ 'kama, sen

commission ka'mijan

-'deaCr; |-ed -d

commander commander

commiserative ka'miza^retiv

commissar jkama'sar; ES

l-ed -id

-'aer;

E

-'sad.

-'aea(r

commissioner ka'mi/ana', -'mi/na^;

commit ka'mit

ES

-na(r

|-ted -id |-tal -\

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet sang saeg |angr}' 'asg-gn baO (§10) [ah a |far far |watch wat/, wo^f (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards |go go I

committee Those ivords below in whicli the a sound

committee ka'miti

is

spelt o are often

|-d -d [-man -man, -^maen

|-men -man, -^men

commix ka'miks, ka-

j-es -iz |-ed -t

commixture ka'nukstJV, ka-; ES -'nukstJaCr

commode ka'mod commodious kaWodiss commodity kaWadati commodore 'kamajdor,

pronounced with n in

E

S

and

companionate adj kam'paenjanit companionway kam'paenjanjwe company 'kAmpani, 'kAmpni |-nied -nid comparability ^kampara'bilati

comparable 'kamparabl, -prabl

|-bly

-bh

comparative kam'paerativ

compare -jdar;

ES

-jdoa(r,

E+

kam'per,

E

-'paer;

-'pEa(r,

ES

-'paea(r

Coniparetti ^kampa'reti {It jkompa'retti)

-jdaa(r

common 'kaman

|-ed -d |-ness

commonage 'kamanids

j-s

comparison kam'paerasn

'kamannis

compartment kam'partmant; ES

-iz

commonality ,kaman^aelati commonalty 'kamanalti commonplace 'kaman^ples j-s -iz common-sense adj 'kaman 'ssns ('common'sense jway)

commonweal 'kaman^wil commonwealth 'kaman^welO, 'kaman'wslO commotion ka 'mo/an

communal 'kamjunj, kaWjunl, -'mm-jizam

complexion

93

j-ism

|-d

-d

communicability kajmjunika'bilati, -^miun-

communicable ka'mjunikabi, -'nuun- |-bly -bh communicant ka'mjunikant, -'miuncommunicate ka'mjuna^ket, -'miun- j-d -id communication kajmjuna'ke/an, -^miuncommunicative ka'mjunajketiv, -'miun-

communion ka'mjunjan, -'miuncommunique kajmjuna'ke, -jmmncommunism 'kamju^nizam |-ist -nist communistic jkamju'nistik

E+

compass 'kAmpas

|-es -iz |-ed -t

compassion kam'p«J"an

j-ed -d |-ate -it

compatibility kam,paeta'bilati

compatible kam'paetabl

|-bly -bli

compatriot kam'petnat,

less freq. -'paet-

compeer kam'pir, 'kampir; ES compel kam'pel [-led -d

-ia(r, S4--ea(r

compellable kam'pelabl |-bly -bli

compend 'kampend |-ious kam'pendias compendium kam'pendiam \-s -z |-dia -dia

|-ist -ist |-ly -i

commune n 'kamjun, -miun commune v ka'mjun, -'miun

-'pa:t-,

-'pa:t-

|-al

-1

compensable kam'pensabj compensate 'kampan^set, -pen-, kam'penset l-d -id

compensation jkampan'sejan, -pencompensative 'kampanjsetiv, kam'pensativ

compensatory kam'pensajtori, compete kam'pit |-peted -'pitid competence 'kampatans

|-s

S

-jtari;

-jtori

-iz j-cy -i j-nt -nt

competition jkampa'tijan competitive kam'petativ

|-tor -ta^;

ES

-ta(r

compilation jkampl'e/an, -pi'le/an

|-ally

-li,

compile kam'pail -piled -'paild |

complacence kam'plesns

-ikh

community ka'mjunati, -'miuncommunize 'kamju^naiz |-s -iz |-d -d commutable ka'mjutabi, -'miutcommutate 'kamju^tet j-d -id |-ter -3^; ES -a(r commutation jkamju'te/an commute ka'mjut, -'miut |-d -id |-r -a^; ES -3(r

complain kam'plen

j-cy -i |-cent -snt

|-ed -d |-ant -ant

|-t -t

complaisance kam'plezns, 'kamplijzaens |-sant -znt, -jzaent

complement n 'kamplamant complement v 'kampla^ment |-ed -id complemental jkampla'mentl |-ly -i complementary jkampla'mEntari, -'mentri

Como 'komo

complete kam'plit

compact adj kam'paekt ('com^pact 'mass) compact n 'kampaekt compact V kam'paekt |-ed -id companion kam'paenjan |-ed -d |-ship -i/ip companionable kam'paenjanabl |bly -bli

complex n 'kampleks \-es -iz complex adj kam'pkks, 'kampleks ('comiplex

|full

ful |tooth tuG Ifurther 'fySa^;

ES

'fstia

|-d -id |-tion -'pli/an

'act)

complex

V

kam'pleks

|-es -iz j-ed -t

complexion, -plection kara'plek/an 1-ed -d

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

concessionaire

complexity Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

compliance kam'plaians

'kampla^ket j-cated -^ketid

v

-iz

j-s

complicity ksm'plissti

compliment n 'kamplamant compliment 'kamplajment |-ed -id complimentary jkamplaWentari, -'mentn complin 'kampbn j-pline -plin, -plain

comply kam'plai |-plied -'plaid component kam'ponant j-ed -id comport kam'port, -'part; ES

|

con amore jkana'mon, -'man; S -'mon;

Conan 'kanan, 'konan Conant 'konant conation ko'ttejan

E+

-'poat,

'kanativ

|-al -1 [-tive

concatenate kan'k£etn,et, kan-

|-d -id

concatenation jkankaetn'e/an, kan^kaetn|-s -iz |-d

composite kam'pazit

concave n 'kankev, 'kag-

-d j-dly -idli

|-d -id |-tor -a^;

ES

-3(r

compos mentis 'kampas'mentis

concave adj kan'kev, kan- ('coujcave 'surface) concave

v

kan'kev,

kan-

-d

|-d

compost 'kampost |-ed -id, -psstid composure kam'posa^; ES -'po33(r

concavo-concave kan'kevokan'kev

compote 'kampot [-poted -potid

concavo-convex kan'kevokan'vEks

compound n 'kampaund compound adj kam'paund

conceal kan'sil |-ed -d |-edly -idb

('comjpound

concede kan'sid |-ceded -'sidid conceit kan'sit |-ed -id

compound

kam'paund, kam-

v

comprehend ,kampri'hend

conceivability kanjsiva'bilati

|-ed -id

|-ed -id |-ible -abl

conceivable kan'sivabl |-bly -bli

comprehensibility jkampri ^hensa 'bilati

conceive kan'siv |-ceived -'sivd

comprehensible jkampri'hEnsabl j-bly

concentrate 'kansrijtret, -sen-

comprehension jkampri'henj'an compress n 'kampres

j-sive -siv

|-es

-iz

j-ed -t

|-edly

Concepcion

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

{Am Sp

kanjsepsi'on

compressibility kanijpresa'bilati

concept 'kansept

conceptual kan'sept/ual, -tjul

compression kara'prejan

concern kan'ss'n;

ES

|-sive -'presiv j-sor

C- kan'sepjan

|-ption,

ES

|-ly -i

-'san, -'syn;

ES

concert n 'kansyt,

-sa't;

compromise 'kampra,niaiz j-s -iz |-d -d comptometer, C-kamp'tamata*^; ES -'tamata(r

concert v kan'syt;

ES

Compton 'kamptan, 'kAmptan

concertmaster 'kansa^t^maesta^;

comprise, -ze kam'praiz

|-s

ES

compulsion kam'pAlJan

-iz |-d -d

]maesta(r,

|-sive -siv |-sory -sari

-sst, -ss't, -sat

E + -jmas-,

ES

^konsa-

ES

'kansat-

ES

'kansat-

-^mas-

concertmeister 'kansa^t^maista^;

^maista(r; {Ger Konzert- kan'tsertiinaistar) -p3-,

concerto kan't/Erto;

-py-, -pa-

ES

-'t/eato; {It

kon-

'tjerto)

computablHty kam;pjuta'bilati, -jpiutcomputable kam'pjutabl, -'piut-, 'kampjuta-

concession kan'sejan concessionaire kanjse/an'er, -'aer;

ES

l-bly -bli

in full §§3~47.

E

-d

-'sst, -'syt; |-ed -id

concertina jkansa^'tina;

-la(r; j-ship -yjip

compunction kain'pAokJ"an |-tious -/as compurgation ^kampy'ge/an, -pa^-; ES

ibath baeO;

|-ed

|-edly -idb

-a(r

comptroller kan'trola^;

kon-

sep'sjon)

compressible kam'presabl |-bly -bli

-'presa^;

|-d -id

concentration jkansn'trejan, -ssnconcentric kan'sentrik

|-es -iz

kam'pr£s

v

-bli

-idb, -'presth

Key: See

-cavity

|

-'kaevati

'word)

compress

{It

jkona'mo:re)

-'p33t; |-ed -id

compose kam'poz

S

and

Comte kant {Fr kot) Comus 'komas |-'s -iz con 'against^ kan con 'study kan conned kand

complication jkampb'kejan

compKce 'kamplis

E

compute kam'pjut, -'piut |-d -id comrade 'kamraed, 'kAm-, -nd Comstock 'kAmstak, -stok, -stak

|-cy -i 1-ant -ant

complicate adj 'kamplakit complicate

d in

o are often pronounced with

computation jkampja'te/an, -pjc-

complexity kara'pleksati

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti (§6)

E

-'£a(r,

-'aea(r

[rate ret |yet jet Isang saeg langrj^ 'aeg-gri

far |watch wat/, wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

— — confederation

95

concessionary Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

condensability kanjdensa'bilati

concessive kan'sesiv

condensable kan'densabl

and S

condensate kan'denset

conch kagk, kngk |-ed -t Concho 'kantjo |Conchos 'kant/os

|-s's

conchology kag'kabdsi, kng-

-dsist

ES

E

o are often pronounced with d in

concessionary kan'ss/aiijEn

|-gist

-siz

condensation ^kanden'se/an

condense kan'dens

|-s

-iz |-d -t |-dly -idli

concihable kan'siliabl

condescend jkandi'send |-ed -id condescendence jkandi'sendans |-dent -dant

conciliate kan'silijct j-ated -^etid

condescension jkandi'sen/an

concihation kanjsili'ejan

condign kan'dain ('con^dign 'censure)

conciliatory ksn'siliSjtori, -jtDri; S -jtori

condiment 'kandamant

concise kan'sais |-cision kan'sissn

condition kan'dijan |-ed -d |-ing -J"anig,

conclave 'kanklev, 'kag-

conditional kan'difanl, -/nal

concierge jkansi'ers;

-'e35; {Fr ko'sjers)

conclude kan'klud, -'khud

condole kan'dol

|-d -id

-d

|-d

conclusion kan'klusan, -'kliusan |-sive -siv

condolence kan'dolans, 'kandalans

concoct kan'kakt, kan- |-ed -id |-ction -k/an

condominium ^kanda'miniam

kan'kamatans, kan-

concomitance

j-cy

-i

condone kan'don condor 'kanda^;

-ant -ant

-J"nig

|-ly -i

[-d

ES

|-s

-iz

-d |-nation jkando'ne/an

'kanda(r

I

ES -kaad ES 'kagkad;

concord 'kankard, -'kag-;

NH

Concord Mass,

^kagka^d;

US, towns

elsewftere in

&" grape 'kankord;

ES 'kankaad -iz |-d -t |-dant

ES

-'kaad-;

conductible kan'dAktabl

conduction kan'dAk/an

concrete adj kan'krit, 'kankrit,

much lessfreq.

'kag-,

ES

-'dAkta(r

conduit 'kandit, 'kanduit

cone kon coned kond

kag-, 'kag- ('conjcrete 'act) concrete n 'kankrit, kan'krit,

j-tive -tiv

conductivity jkandAk'tivati

conductor kan'dAkta^;

-iz

|-s

\-s -iz

ES -'kaadtet ES -'kaadia 'kag-, -kars; ES

-koas,

|

much

less freq.

Conejos ka'neas, -'nehas, -'nehos

concrete v 'congeal' kan'krit; 'cement' 'kankrit, kan'krit |-d -id

see

-iz

Conemaugh 'kana^ma conenose 'kon^noz

n

|-s

-iz

concubinage kan'kjubanids, -'kiub-

Conestoga jkana'stoga coney 'koni, 'kAiu see cony

concubine 'kagkjujbain, 'kan-

Coney

concretion kan'krijan

see

n

kan'kjupasns,

concupiscence

—

-'kiu-

|-cent

'koni

confab 'kanfaeb confabulate kan'faebjajet |-lated -^letid

-snt

concur kan'ks^;

ES

-'ky-; |-cy

confabulation kanjfaebja'le/an

-'k3(r, -'ky; j-red -d

concurrence kan'kyans; -i |-ent

ES

-'ksr-,

-'kAr-,

confect n 'kanfekt confect V kan'fekt j-ed -id |-ction -k/an

-ant

concussion kan'kA/an |-sive -siv

confectionary kan'fek/anjen

condemn kan'dem

confectioner kan'fek/ana^, -k/na^;

condemnable

|-ed -d |-ing -ig

'subject to condemnation'

'fit

to be

kan-

condemned' kan'demnabj

condemnation jkandEm'ne/an, -damcondemnatory kan'dEinnajtori, -jtari; S ful |tooth tue Ifurther 'fytSa';

ES -n3(r

confectionery kan'fEkJanjEri confederacy, C- kan'fedarasi, -'fedrasi confederate, C- n, adj kan'fedarit, -'fedrit

l-bly -bii

[full

\-'s

(Am Sp ko'nehos)

kag-

'demabl,

|-cive -iv

|-ed -id

conductance kan'dAktans

conductibility kan^dAkta'bilati

Concordia kan'kardia; concourse 'kankors,

kan'dAkt

V

|-s -iz \-d -t

-dnt

concordat kan'kardaet;

E+-kDas;

conduce kan'djus, -'dius conduct n 'kandAkt conduct

concordance kan'kardns, kan-; |-s

condottiere It jkondot'tje:re

ES

confederate -jtori

v

kan'fEda^ret

|-d -id j-tive -iv

confederation kanjfEda'reJ"an

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan

hau

[toy tai

[Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

confer

conjugal

96

Those words below in which the a sound confer kan'fy;

ES

-'f3(r, -'fy; j-red

is spelt

conference 'kanfarans

atid

S

conge 'kanse {Fr ko'se)

-iz

|-s

congeal kan'dsil |-ed -d

|-es -iz |-ed -t |-edly -idli

Confessio Amantis kan^feXijO a'maentis

congee 'kand3i

confession kan'fE/an

congener 'kandsina^;

confessor kan'fesa^;

|-al -1 |-ary -jcri

ES

ES

congenial kan'dsinjal

-'fesaCr

congeniality

confide kan'f aid |-fided -'faidid

congenital kan'dsEnatl

confidence 'kanfadans

conger, C- 'kagga^;

confidential jkanfa'den/al

-jdsinji'aelati;

ES

|-ly -i

'kagga(r

congeries kan'dsiriz, -'dsiri^iz

|-ly -i

configuration kan/figja're/an

kan^dsini'selati,

-idsin'jailati

|-dent -dant

|-s -iz

-na(r

|-ly -i

confetti kan'feti (7/ kon'fetti) confidant, -nte ;kanf a 'daent, ^kanfa^daent

-h

|-al -j |-ally

confine n 'kanfain

congest kan'dsest |-ed -id

-iv

|-ive

[-stion

-st/an

conglobate kan'globet, 'kagglojbet

confine v kan^fain |-d -d j-dly -idli

ES

confirm kan'fa^m;

-'fsm, -'fym; |-ed -d

|-edly -idli |-atory -ajtori, -a^tari; S -a,tori

ES jkanfakan'fymativ; ES -'fsm-, -'fym-

confirmation jkanfa^'me/an; confirmative

E

-'fiut |-d -id

Congaree jkagga'ri

conferee jkanfaVi

confess kan'fes

o are often pronounced with d in

confute kan'fjut,

-d

conglomerate n, adj kan'glamarit; -'glamnt conglomerate

v

kan'glamajtet -rated -^retid |

conglomeration kan jglama 're/an

Congo 'kaggo

confiscate 'kanfis^ket, kan'fisket |-d -id

congratulate kan'graet/ajet |-lated -jletid

confiscation jkanfis'ke/an

congratulation kanjgraetJa'IeXan

confiscatory kan'fiska,tori, -jtari; S -jtori

congratulatory

confiture 'kanfijt/ur;

ES

conflagrate 'kanfla^gret

|

congregation jkaggri'gefan

conflate kan'flet |-d -id |-tion -'fle/an

n

-li,

conflux 'kanfUks

|-s

-kjan

-jizam

-iz |-ent -ant

ES

ES

-/nal |-ally

jkaggri'ge/anl,

-/nal

[-ism

|-ist -ist

congress 'kaggras, -is

|-es iz |-ed -t |-ly -i

congressman 'kaggrasman |-men -man

-'faam; |-ed -d

conformable kan'farmabl;

-'faam-;

|-bl}'

congresswoman 'kaggras^wuman, -jwu- |-men

-iz

Congreve 'kangriv, ^kagcongruence 'kaggruans, 'kan^gruans, -jgriu-

-jwimin, -an

-bli

ES -'faam-; conformation jkanfar'mejan; ES -faaconformist kan'farmist; ES -'faamconformity kan'farmati; ES -'faam-

conformance kan'farmans;

|-s

|-s

-IZ |-cy -I |-ent -ant

congruity kan'gruati, -'griu-

confound kan'faund, kan-; 'damn' 'kan'faund

congruous 'kaggruas conic 'kanik

|-ed -id

confrere 'kanfrer;

ES

ES

-ikh

-fa(r

coniferous ko'nifaras

Confucian kan'fjujan,

-'fiu- |-ism

Confucius kan'fju/as,

-'fiu-

confuse kan'fjuz, -'fiuz

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

conifer 'konafa^, 'kan-;

-fr£a(r

confront kan'frAnt |-ed -id

-idh.

|-al -1,

congressional kan'gre/anl, -Jnal

|-es -iz

conform kan'farm;

S

-/nail

Congregational

'kanflikt

conflict V kan'flikt |-ed -id |-ction

confluence 'kanfluans, -fliu-

-jtari;

congregate 'kaggri^get [-gated -igetid

-grated -jgretid

conflagration ,kanf la 'gre/an

conflict

kan'graetjalajton,

-jtori

-/tXua(r

|-s

-jizam

-iz

|-d

Coningsby 'kAnigzbi Coniston 'kanistan

-iz

|-'s

-d [-dly

-dh

conjectural kan'dsekt/aral

conjecture kan'dsekt/a';

confusion kan'fjusan, -^fiujan

[-ly -i

ES

-tja(r;

confutation jkanfju'te/an, -fiu-

conjoin kan'dsain [-ed -d |-edly -idli

confutative kan'fjutativ, -'fiu-

conjugal 'kandgugl

Key: See

in full

|bath baeO;

E

§§3^7.

bee bi |pity

bae (§10) |ah a

|-d

-d

|-ring -'dsekt/arig, -'dsskt/rig

|far far

'piti

|-t -t

|-ty -i

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gn

|watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

— conjugality

consociate

97

Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

consanguineous (kansaeg'gwinias

conjugate

n, adj

conscience 'kan/ans

conjugate

v

'hands ugit, -iget

'kandsa^get -gated -igetid

E

o are often pronounced with d in

conjugality ^kandsu'gaebti

|-s

and S

|-nity -nati

-iz

conscientious ikan/i 'En/as, /kansi-

|

conjugation jkand33'geXan

conscionable 'kan/anabl |-bly -bh

conjunct ksn'dsAgkt ('con^junct Verb)

conscious 'kan/as

conjunction kan'dsAgkJan

conscribe kan'skraib |-scribed -'skraibd

|-tive -tiv

conjunctiva jkandsAgk'taiva

conscript n, adj 'kanskript

conjunctivitis kanjdsAgktaVaitis

conjuncture kan'dsAgkt/a^ ;

ES

conscript v kan'skript |-ed -id |-ption -p/an

-tJaCr; |-ral -al

conjuration jkandsu'rejan

conjure

ES

'kAndsa^, 'kan-;

'jtiggle'

-d33(r;

consecutive kan'sEkjativ

consensus kan'sEnsas |-suses -sasiz

l-d-d

conjure 'implore' kan'dsur, -'dsiur;

ES

-3(r;

consent kan'sEnt |-ed -id

]-ient -'sEn/ant

consequence 'kansa^kwEns

l-d-d conjurer, -or 'juggler' 'kAndsara*, 'kan-;

ES

|-s

|-ly -i

consequentiality ^kansa ^kwEn/i 'aelati

ES -'s3v-, -'ss^vES -'s3v-, -'syvconservation jkansa^Vefan; ES ^kansaconservatism kan'ss^va/tizam; ES -'ssv-, conservable kan'syvabl;

-r3(r

conjuror 'coswearer' kan'dsura', -'dsiu-;

ES

-r3(r

Conkling 'kagklig

Connacht 'kanaxt, -nat Connaught 'kanot Conneaut 'kani pt connect ka'nekt

Connecticut

-'ss'v-

conservatoire

ka'netikat

Brit

Tlie

ES

pron.

Am currency.

Connelly 'kanli

conservator

'preserver'

bank

'syvata^,

kan-

ES

kan'ss^vata^;

conservatory kan'ss^va^tori, -jtan;

ES

kan-

's3vajtori, -'ss'v-, E+-jtari

conning 'kanig

conserve n 'kans3"v, kan's^v; conserve |-s -iz

[-cy -i |-ant -ant

connive ka'naiv |-nived -'naivd |-vent -ant connoisseur ^kana'sy;

ES

-'s3(r,

-'sy;

(Fr

connaisseur kane'soeir)

v

ES

kan'syv;

ES

-yv

Conshohocken jkanja'hakan consider kan'sida^;

ES

-'sida(r; [-ed -d |-ing

-'sidarig, -'sidrig

considerable kan'sidarabl, -'sidrabi |-bly -bii considerate kan'sidarit, -'sidrit

connotative 'kanajtetiv, ka'notativ

consideration kan^sidaVe/an

connote ka'not -noted -'notid

consign kan'sain |-ed -d

|

connubial ka'nubial, -'niub-, -'njub-

|-ly -i

conoid 'konaid

consignee jkansai'ni, -si'ni consigner kan'saina^;

ES -ka(r; -a^; ES -a(r

conquer 'kagka^, 'kogka^, 'kagka^; |-ed -d |-ing -karig, -krig |-or

conquest 'kankwEst, 'kagconquistador kan'kwistajdar;

-3V,

-'s3v, -'syv; |-d -d

connotation jkana'te/an

ES

-^daaCr

-'saina(r

consignor

kan'saina^;

&

ES

-'saina(r;

(^con-

jconsign'or)

consist kan'sist |-ed -id

consistence kan'sistans |-cy

'kanrsed

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa^;

ES

consignment kan'sainmant sign'ee

Conroe 'kanro consanguine kan'saeggwin |full

-jssva-

'kansa^jveta^,

officer

conniption ka'nipXan

-e

ES

'kansajveta(r, kan's3vata(r, kan'syvata(r

connection, -nexion ka'nEk/an |-ctive -ktiv

connivance ka'naivans

-'ssv-, -'syv-

kan^syva'twar;

'twa:(r, -jS3^va'twa:(r; (Fr kos£rva'twa:r)

|-ed -id [-ible, -able -abl

spelling, has fio

conservancy kan'syvansi;

conservative kan's^vativ;

ka'nEktikat, based on the current erroneous

Conrad,

|-quent

-iz

-jkwEnt consequential jkansa'kwEnJal

-r3(r

conjurer, -or 'petitioner' kan'dsura^, -'dsiu-;

ES

consecrate 'kansijkret [-crated -jkretid

consecration jkansi^kre/an

-i |-ent

-ant

consistory kan'sistari, -'sistri

consociate n, adj kan'so/iit, -JiiCt

ES

'f3'Sa

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

Visan [Eden

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

— contemporaneous

98

consociate Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

o are often pronounced with n in

E

and S

consociate v kan'so/i^et |-ated -jctid

construable kan'stniabl, -'stnu-

consociation kanjsosi'efan, -jSo/i-

construct adj kan'strAkt ('con^struct 'state)

consol 'kansal, kan'sal

construct n 'kanstrAkt

-z

|-s

construct v kan'strAkt |-ed -id

consolable kan'sobbl |-bly -bh

construction kan'stTAktJan

consolation jkansa'le/an

consolatory kan'salajton,

-jtari;

S -jton

-1

[-al

|-ally

in Shak.

construe kan'stni, -'stnu |-d -d

console n 'kansol

conster 'kansta^

console v kan'sol |-soled -'sold consolidate kan'sala^det |-dated -,detid

consubstantial (konsab'staenjal

consolidation kan^sala'de/an

consubstantiality jktmsabjstaenji'aelati

consomme jkansa'me

consubstantiate jkansab'staenjijet |-ed -id

consonance 'kansanans

consuetude 'kcmswi^tjud, -^tiud, -jtud

|-ly -i

consuetudinary

consonantly 'kansananth consort n 'kansart; consort v kan'sart;

ES ES

ES

-a(r

consulate 'kanslit, 'kansjalit consult n 'kansAlt, kan'sAlt

conspicuous kan'spikjuas

ES

consult V kan'sAlt |-ed -id |-ant -nt

-ta(r; |-acy -asi

consultation jkansl'te/an

conspiratorial kan^spira 'tonal, -'tar-; S -'tor-;

consultative kan'sAltativ

|-ly_-i

ES -'spaia(r; |-d kan'spaira^; ES -'spaira(r

-d

conspire kan'spanr;

conspirer

ES

consular 'konsla^, 'kansjala^;

-'saa/-; |-ia -la

|-es -iz

conspirator kan'spirata^ ;

-'tiud-,

consul 'kansl ]-ship -^/ip

-'saat; |-ed -id

conspectus kan'spektas

^ktmswi'tjudnjen,

-'tud-

-saat

consortium kan'sar/iam;

|-ly -i

consubstantiation jkansabjstaenji'ejan

|-cy -i |-ant -ant

consonantal jkansa'naentl

-li

|-tive -tiv

constable 'kanstabi, 'kAn

now more freq. than

consultatory kan'sAlta^tori,

-jtari;

S

-jtori

consultory kan'sAltan

consumable kan'sumabl, -'sium-, -'sjumconsume kan'sum, -'sium, '-sjum |-d -d

T}ie sp. pron. is

the traditional one; see

l-dly-idli

next.

consumer kan'suma^,

Constable 'kAnstabl constabulary kan'staebja Jen

Constance 'kanstans

|-'s

-jtin

Constantinople jkanstaenta'nopl, -staentn'opj

consumption kan'sAmpJan

constellation jkansta'lejan

contact 'kantaekt |-ed -id

consternate 'kansta^^net;

ES

consternation jkansta^'ne/an;

ES

consummate adj kan'sAmit consummate v 'kansajinet |-mated -^metid consummation jkansa 'me/an

-iz

constancy 'kanstansi |-tant -tant Constantine 'kanstan^tain,

-'siuma', -'sjuma';

-a(r

contagion kan'tedsan j-gious -dsas

'kansta-; |-d -id

ES

|-tive -tiv

jkonsta-

contain kan'ten |-ed -d

constipate 'kansta^pet |-pated -jpetid

contaminate kan'tasma^net |-nated -^netid

constipation /kansta 'pejan

contamination kanjtaema'ne/an

constituency kan'stit/uansi |-ent -ant

contemn kan'tem

constitute 'kansta,tjut, -jtiut, -jtut |-d -id

contemnible kan'temnabl

constitution jkansta'tju/an, -'tin-, -'tu-

contemner kan'tema^; ES -'temaCr contemnor kan'temna^; ES -'temnaCr

|-al -j

l-aUy -h

contemplate 'kantam^plet, kan'templet

-,tu-

constrain kan'stren |-ed -d |-edly -idb constrict kan'strikt |-ed -id |-or

-a^;

ES

|-t

contemplative 'kantanijpletiv, kan'templativ

-t

contemporaneity kan jtempara 'niati

-a(r

contemporaneous kan^tEmpa'tenias

constriction kan'strik/an |-tive -tiv

See in full §§3~47.

E

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

1-d -id

contemplation jkantam'ple/an

constitutive 'kansta^tjutiv, -jtiu-, -fu-

[bath baeO;

|-bly -bli

contemplable kan'templabl

constitutionality jkanstajtjujan'aelati, -jtiu-,

Key:

|-ed -d |-edly -nidli

far

'piti |

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeo |angr>^ 'aeg-gri

watch

watj", wotj" (§12) |jaw

dsa gorge gards |go go ]

contemporary Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

contemporary kan'tempajreri contempt kan'tempt

E and S

^kantradi'stigk/an

|-tive

-tiv

contraindication ^kantra jinda 'ke/an

-bli

contemptuous kan'temptjuas contend kan'tsnd |-ed -id content n 'satisfaction^ kan'tent, 'what

contralto kan'traelto

contraposition jkantrapa'zifan is con-

contraption kan'traepjan

contrapuntal /kantra'pAntI

tained' 'kontent, kan'tent

content adj, v kan'tEnt |-ed -id contention kan'tEn/an

o are often pronounced with D in

contradistinction

contemptible ksn^temptdbl |-bly

conterminous

contuse

99

]-ly -i

contrariety jkantra'raiati

|-al -1 ]-tious

contrarily

-Jas

ES

kan'tymanas;

-'tam-,

-'tym-

'kantiErah,

esp.

emph. kan-

if

'trerali, -'trer-

contrarious kan'ttErias, -'trer-

contest n 'kantEst

contrariwise 'kantrErijwaiz

contest V kan'test |-ed -id [-ant -ant

contrary

context 'kantEkst

'kantreri;

'opposite'

'perverse'

'kantren, kan'trEri, -'treri

contextual kan'tEkstJual, kan-

contrast

|-ly -i

ES

contexture kan'tEkst/a^, kan-;

-'tEkstXa(r

n

'kontraest

contrast v kan'traest [-ed -id

contiguity jkanti'gjuati, -'giu-

contravene jkantra'vin |-vened -'vind

contiguous kan'tigjuas

contravention ^kantra'vEn/an

continence 'kantanans |-cy continental jkanta'nEntl

|-nent -nant

-i

contingence kan'tindsans |-cy continual kan'tinjual

-i

|-gent -dsant

contribute kan'tribjut

[-d -bjatid

contribution jkantra'bjujan, -'biu/an

|-ly -i

continuance kan'tinjuans

contredanse Fr kotra'dars

contretemps Fr kotra'ta

j-ly -i

|-s

ES

contributor kan'tnbjata^;

-iz |-ant -ant

-ta(r

S

continuation kan^tinju'eXan

contributory kan'tribjajtori,

continue kan 'tin ju

contrite 'kontrait, kan'trait ('con^trite 'heart,

|-d

-d |-dly -judh

continuity ^kanta'nuati, -'niu-, -'nju-

contour 'kantur;

ES

ES

|

controllable kan'trolabl |-bly -bh

contra 'kantra

controller kan'trola^;

contraband 'kantra jbaend |-age -ids contrabandism 'kantrabaendjizam

|-ist -ist

ES

ES

-Jip -'v3-,

-jvasi, -^vysi

controvert 'kantra^vyt, jkontra'vyt;

|-tive -tiv

-s't; |-ed

contract n 'kantraekt tract' +\antTxiit |-ed -id

ES

-st,

-id

controvertible

contract v 'shrink' kan'traekt, 'make a con-

/kantra'vs'tabl;

ES

-'yyt-; acc/+'controjvertible |-bly

-'v3t-,

-bh

contumacious jkantju'inejas, ^kantu-

contumacy 'kantjumasi, 'kantucontumehous /kantju'milias, jkantucontumely 'kantjumah, 'kantu-,

contractible kan'traektabl |-bly -bb -til

contractility jkantraek'tilati

contraction kan'traekjan |-tive -tiv contractor 'kantraekta^, kan'traekta^ ; contractual kan'traektjual

-'trola(r; |-ship

-'va^-; |-ly -i

contraclockwise /kantra 'klakjwaiz

contractile kan'traektl,

ES

controversial ;kantra'v3j"al, -sial;

controversy 'kantra jvs^si;

|-es -iz

contraception jkantra'sEpJan

-iz [-cy -i

control kan'trol -trolled -'trold

-'taa/an

-tua(r; |-ed -d

contrabass 'kantra^bes

|-s

contrive kan'traiv |-d -d

-'taat; |-ed -id

contortion kan'tar/an;

kan'tjumab,

ES

-ta(r

|-ly -i

contradict jkantra'dikt |-ed -id

ful |tooth tu9 [further 'fytJa^;

-jinih,

Only a bookword. Formerly 'kantjujinili, as in Chapman and probably Shak. Hood has kan-'tiu-,

-'tu-

'tjumili {rime gloomily).

contradiction jkantra'dik/an |-tory -tan, |full

contrition kan'trijan

contrivance kan'traivans

-njua

kan 'tart; ES

-^tori

'hearts con'trite)

continuous kan'tinjuas |-nuum -njuam [-nua contort

-]tori;

ES

-tri

contuse kan'tjuz,

-'tiuz, -'tuz j-s -iz \-d -d

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how

hau

|toy tai

lusing 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

contusion

100

Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

contusion kan'tjujan, -'tius-, -'tu3-

convince kanVins

convalescence jkanva'ksns j-cy convection kanVekJan

-i

|-scent -snt

-iz {Fr

|-s

and

S

|-ly -i

conviviality kan^vivi'selati

convocation jkanva'ke/an

|-al -1

convenance 'kanva^nans

E

-iz |-d -t j-dly -idli

|-s

convivial kanVivial

-iz |-d -t

|-s

D in

o are often pronounced with

convict V kan'vikt |-ed -id |-ction -k/an

conundrum ka'nAndram convalesce jkanvs'les

copal

kov'na:s)

]-al -I |-ally -li

convoke kanVok |-voked -Vokt

convene kanVin |-vened -Vind

convolute 'kanva Jut,

convenience kanVinjans

convolution jkanva'lujan, -'hujan, -vl'jujan

|-s

-iz |-ient -jant

convolvulus, C- kanValvjalas

convent 'kanvent conventical kanVentikl

|-ly -i

conventicle kanVentikl |-d -d

convention kanVenJan

|-al -1,

-/nal |-ally

-li,

-/nail

kanVen/anljizam,

conventionalism

-/nal-

conventionalize kanVenJanljaiz, -Jnal-

j-s

j-ly -i

ES -Vads,

-Vs^ds;

|-s -iz

l-d-d

-Vyds-;

ES

kanVydsans;

convergence

|-cy -i |-gent

-Vys-;

-vas-,

ES

|-al

conycatcher 'koni^kaetJV, 'kAni-; coo ku cooed kud

ES

-jkaet/aCr

cook kuk Icooked kukt

-n

|-y, -ie -i

I

converse n 'kanvys;

ES

-V3S, -vys;

kanVys;

adj

ES

I

'kuli

cool-headed 'kul'hEdid ('cool-jheaded 'move) [-'s

-iz

coolie, -ly 'kuli

converse v kan'v^s;

coomb; coombe, coom 'valley' coon kun ]cooned kund

-Vys;

coop kup, kup; S kup, kup; cooper, C- 'kupa^, 'kupa^;

ES

-Vss, -Vys;

j-s

kum

co-op ko'ap, 'kojop

|-s -iz

-Vss,

('con^verse Hvind)

|-ed -t

E

S 'kupa(r,

-pa(r;

'kup-; |-ed -d |-ing -pang, -prig

-iz

co-operate adj ko'aparit, -'aprit

l-d-t

conversion kan'v3/an, -3an;

ES

-Vs-, -Vy-

ES -vst, -v^t convert v kan'vyt; ES -Vst, -Vyt; |-ed convertibility kanjvyta'bilati; ES

co-operate v ko'apajret |-rated -^retid co-operation ko,apa'reJan, jkoapa-

convert n 'kanvyt;

-id

co-operative ko'apajtetiv, -'aprativ

-iVst-,

Cooperstown 'kupa^z^taun, 'kup-;

convertible

E

-paz-; S

'kupaz-, 'kup-

-jvyt-

l-bly

|-ery -an,

cool kul cooled kuld

coolly 'kuli, 'kulli -/nal-;

jkanva^'sejanlist,

jkanva-

converse

—

When the word was popuwas pron. 'kAiu; since it became a

Coolidge 'kulids

^kanva-;

-h

conversationalist

ES

-idli

'koni, 'kAiu

Cooley

ES

|-cy -i |-sant -snt

conversation jkanva^'sejan; -ally

-Vsds-,

-dsant

conversance 'kanva^sns, kanVs^sns;

I

-jlai

book-word, sp. pron. has prevailed.

converge kanVyds;

-'v3s-,

[-li

'ktinwe

lar, it

-iz

-d

conventual kanVentJual

-1

Conway cony

conventionality kanjVEn/an'aslati

|-es -iz

convoy n 'kanvai convoy v kanVai |-ed -d convulse kanVAls |-s -iz j-d -t |-dly convulsion kanVAl/an j-sive -siv Conwell 'kanwel

|-ist -ist

l-d

-^liut |-d -id

kanV^tabl; ES -Vst-, -Vyt-;

-bk

co-opt ko'apt |-opted -'aptid co-ordinate, n, adj ko'ardnit, -^et;

convex adj kanVsks, kan- ('con/vex 'surface) convex n, v 'kanveks |-es -iz |-ed -t, v+

kanVeks

co-ordinate v ko'ardnjet;

ES

convey kanVe

|-ed

-d

Coos |-ance

-ans |-ances

-'aad-

ES -jDadn'e/an ES -'aadnjctiv

co-ordination koprdn'e/an; co-ordinative ko'ardn,etiv;

convexity kanVeksati

ES

-'aad-; |-d -id

NH ko'as,

'koas; Oreg

kus

coot kut Icooted 'kutid

cop kap copped kapt

-ansiz

I

convict n 'kanvikt

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

E

copal 'kopl, 'kopael

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) jah a

|far

'piti (§6)

|rate ret lyet jet jsang saeg [angr}- 'jeg-gn

far |watch watj,

wntj (§12) Ijaw dsa |gorge gards

|go

go

cormorant

101

coparcenary Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

ES

E

and

E+

coral 'karal, 'kar-, 'kor-, 'kor- [-ed -d

-Va:sn3(r,

E+

Coran ko'ran, -'raen CoraopoHs jkori'aplis,

-Va:scoparcener ko'pcrsna';

o are often pronounced with o in

-'pa:s-,

ES

coparcenary ko'parsnj£n;

S

jkora'-'ap-,

-plis,

jkar-; S ^kor-

-'pa:s-

copartner

ES

ko'partna';

E+

-'pa:tn3(r,

corbel 'karbl; corbie 'karbi;

-Va:t-

ES ES

'kaabl; |-ed -d

'kaabi

ES

cope kop [coped kept

Corcoran 'karkaran;

copeck, -pec 'kopek

cord kard;

Copeland 'koplsnd Copenhagen jkopan'hegan {Dan jkopn'haun)

ES kaa'dilja ES kaa'del ('Cor, dell 'Hull) cordial 'kardsal; ES 'kaads-; Brit -dial |-ly -i cordiality kar'dsaelati ES ka-; Brit -di'aelcordillera, C- kar'dilara, jkardil'jera; ES ka-, jkaa-; (Am Sp ^karSi'jera)

ES

Copernicus ko'ps^nikas; |-'s

-'pan-, -'pyn-;

-kan

-iz |-can

Cophetua ko'letjua Copiah ks'pais, ko-

ES

kaad;

Cordelia kar'dilja; Cordell kar 'del;

cordite 'kardait

Cordoba 'kardova; ES

%api'3(r

ES

'kaa-; {Sp 'kartJo^a)

coping 'kopio

cordoba 'kardaba;

copious 'kopias

cordon 'kardn;

Coplay

Cordova 'kardava; ES

'kapli [Copley 'kapli

copper

ES

'kapa^;

'kap3(r;

[-ed

-d

(-ing

Copperfield 'kapa^jfild;

ES

'kaadn; [-ed -d

'kapa-

copperplate 'engrave' 'kapa'jplet;

ES

jkaada-; ('cordu^roy

ES

'kaad-;

ES 'kapaES 'kapa-;

copper-plate 'plate with copper' 'kapa^'plet;

ES

'kapa-; [-d -id ('copper- jplated 'medal)

ES

-»;

[-er

'kapa-; [-ths -6s

-iz [-d -t

cordwood 'kard^wud; ES 'kaadcore kor, kar; ES koa(r, E+kaa(r; Corea ko'ria |-n -n

|-d -d

corelation ^koTi'le/an coreligionist ^koTi'lidsanist

corella ka'rela Corelli ka'reli

copra 'kapra

coreopsis jkori'apsis, jkari-; S ^kon-

copse kaps [copses 'kapsiz jcopsed kapst

corespondent jkcn'spandant

Copt kapt Coptic 'kaptik

Corfu

I

copula 'kapjala

'karf ju, -fiu, kar'fu;

Corgi 'kargi;

copulate adj 'kapjalit

ES

ES

'kaa-, kaa-

'kaagi

coriander jkori'aenda^, ,kari-;

copulate V 'kapjajlet [-lated

ES

,kori'aenda(r,

E+jkari-

- jetid

copulation jkapja'lejan |-tive 'kapjajletiv

Corin 'karin, 'kar-, 'kor-

copy 'kapi [copied 'kapid copybook 'kapi^buk

Corinna ka'rina

[-pyist -ist

Corinth 'karinG, 'kar-, 'kor-

[-ian

ka'rinGian

copyhold 'kapijhold

Coriolanus jkaria'lenas, ,kar-, jknr-

copyright 'kapi^rait [-ed -id

Corioles ka'raiajliz, -liz

coquet ko'ket [-quetted -'ketid

cork, C- kark;

coquetry 'kokitri, ko'kEtri

corival ko'raivl, ka-

coquette ko'ket [-quetted -'kstid

corkscrew 'kark,skru, -jskriu;

Coquille ko'kil

Corliss 'karlis;

'kora, 'kara; S 'kora

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytSa^;

ES kaak;

[-'s

-iz

[-li

|-'s

-iz

-,lai

[-ed -t

ES 'kaakES 'kaahs; |-'s -iz corm karm; ES kaam cormorant 'karmarant; ES 'kaam-

coracle 'karakl, 'kar-, 'kor[full

ES

-a(r

l-d -id

Cora

some

'kaa-; [-n -n

places Cor'dova

cordwain 'kardwen;

'kapa-

copperplate 'engraving' 'kapa^jplet;

coppersmith 'kapa^jsmiO;

'kaa-

'road)

ES

copperhead, C- 'kapa'jhed;

|-s

US

ES

corduroy ^karda'rai;

'kaparig, 'kaprig

copperas 'kaparas, 'kapras

coppice 'kapis

'kaakaran

[-ed -id [-age -ids

;

copestone 'kopjSton

copier 'kapia';

ES

ES

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy tai 'em 'kipm

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

— corrugate

102 corn korn; -jkab;

ES koan;

|-ed -d |-cake -^kek |-cob

ES+'ikob

corporeal kar'porial, -'par-;

ES 'kaania ES koa'ne {Fr kb'r'ne:j) cornel 'karnl, -nel; ES 'kaanCornelia kar'nilja, ka^-; ES kaa'nllja, kacornelian ^carnelian' kar'niljan, ka^-; ES kaa-, cornea 'karma;

Corneille kar'ne;

ES kaa-, ka-;

[-'s

-iz

ES kaa'nel; ('Cor^nell 'cap) corneous 'kariuas; ES 'kaanias corner 'karna^; ES 'kaana(r; ]-ed -d A disCornell kar'nel;

'kana^ is sometimes

heard

|-ly -i

corposant 'karpa^zaent;

cornerstone 'karna^^ston;

cornerways 'karna^^wez;

ES 'kaanaES 'kaana-;

ES koa(r, E+kaa(r; \pl -ps -z ES kaaps; |-s -iz 'karpjalans; ES 'kaap-; |-cy -i

corpse karps;

|-nt -nt

ES

corpus 'karpas;

Corpus Christi Church +-tai

'kaap-; j-es -iz |-pora -para

'karpas'knsti;

corpuscular kar'pAskjala^;

ES

ES

'kaa-, kaa-

ka'pAskjalaCr

ES 'kaap'karpasdi'hktai; ES 'kaap-

corral ka'rael [-led -d

correction ka'rek/an |-tive -tiv

correctitude ka'rekta^tjud, -jtiud, -^tud

cornettist, -netist kar'n£tist;

ES kaa-

corrector ka'rekta^;

ES 'kaanjflaua(r cornflower 'karn^flaua^; ES 'kaanjflau-a(r cornice 'karnis; ES 'kaanis; |-s -iz |-d -t Cornish 'karnij; ES 'kaanij; |-man, -men corn-flour 'karn^flaur;

-man

ES

-'rektaCr

Corregidor ka'r£gajdar;

ES

{Am Sp

-^daaCr;

ka^rrEhi'Sar) correlate 'kara,let, 'kar-, 'kor- |-d -id

correlation jkara'le/an, jkar-, jknrcorrelative ka'iElativ j-vity kajrsla'tivati

ES

cornstarch 'karn^startX, -'start/; ,sta:t/, -'start/,

karn'wahs,

|-'s

correspond ^kara'spand, jkar-, jknr-;

-'wnl-,

|-n

-'wal-;

-n

corridor

ES ES

'karada^,

'kar-,

'kor-,

geog. + -jdar;

-da(r, -jdaa(r; |-ed -d

corrie 'kari, 'kari, 'kori

Corrigan 'karagan, 'kar-, 'kor-

-iz

corrigendum ^kari'dsendam,

corody 'karadi, 'kar-, 'korcorolla ka'rala; ES+-'rDla

'kara,kri,

'kar-,

^kar-, ^kor- |-da

-da 'kor-,

Brit

ka-

corrigibility jkarad3a'bilati, ^kar-, jknr-

corrigible 'karadsabl, 'kar-, 'kor- |-bly -bli

'rolari

corona, C- ka'rona

|-s

corrival ka'raivl

-z |-nae -ni

n ka'rabari; ES-h-'rob-

coronach 'karanax, 'kar-, 'kor-

corrobboree,

coronal n 'karanl, 'kar-, 'kor-

corroborant ka'rabarant; ES+-'rDb-

ka'ronl,

adj

'karanl,

'kar-,

'kor-

-ri

corroborate adj ka'rabarit; ES+-'rDbcorroborate v ka'raba^ret; ES+-'rDb-; |-d -id

l-ly-i

coronary 'karajneri, 'kar-, 'kor-

|-tive -tiv

coronation ^kara'ne/an, jkar-, jkorcoroner 'karana^, 'kar-, 'kor-;

ES

-na(r

corroboration ka,raba're/an; ES+-jrDb-

corroboratory ka'rabarajtori, corroboree,

Corot ka'ro

corroboree v ka'rabajri

ES 'kaap-; |-ly-i corporality jkarpa'raelati; ES jkaapcorporate adj 'karpant, 'karprit; ES 'kaapcorporate v 'karpa^ret; ES 'kaap-; |-d -id

corrode ka'rod |-roded -'rodid

corporal 'karparal, 'karpral;

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeG;

E

-ri

-jtari;

S

-itori

n ka'rabari; ES+-'rDb-

coronet 'karamt, 'kar-, 'kor- |-ed -id, -^netid

Key;

ES+

-'spond; |-ed -id |-ence -ans |-ent -ant

ES jkaana-; ES 'kaan-

Cornwall 'karnwal, -wal; Cornwallis

'kaan-

E+-a:t/

cornucopia jkarna'kopia;

coronal

'kaap-;

correct ka'rekt j-ed -id

cornet 'karmt, kar'nst, musical instr. kar'ntt;

corollary

,kaap'kaap-

corps kor, kar;

corpus delicti |-\vise

-jwaiz

kaan-;

ES ES

corpuscle 'karpasl, 'karpxvsl;

(§121).

ES

-'panal;

corporeity jkarpa'riati;

corpulence

kaCornelius kar'niljas, ks'-;

similated pron.

ES jkaapES ka'ponal, E+

corporation jkarpa 're/an;

|-d

-d

corrosion ka'ro3an |-sive -siv

corrugate adj 'karagit, 'karja-, 'kar-, 'kor-, -iget

bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet J£t |sang saeg langrj- 'aeg-gri baO (§10) [ah a |far far |watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

— corrugate

cotemporary

103

Those words below in which the a sound corrugate v

'karajget,

is spe,//

'kor-

'kar-,

'korja-,

cosecant ko'sikant, -kaent

l-d -id

cosey 'cozy' 'kozi

corrupt ka'rApt j-ed -id 1-ption -pjan

Cosgrave 'kazgrev, 'knz-

corruptibility kajtApta'bilati

Coshocton ka'/oktan

corruptible ka'rAptabl |-bly -bh

cosie 'cozy' 'kozi

cosignatory ko'signajtori,

'kori, 'kari, 'kori

ES

corsage kor'sas;

kaa'sas;

E

corsair 'karser, -saer;

corse kars; corselet

^

ES

koas;

corset 'korsit;

ES

ES

ES

-sae3(r

'kaos-; 'under-

ES

S -jton

cosmic 'kozmik

'kos-, -as

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

cosmogony kaz'magani, -'mng-

jkaas-

cosmographic jkazma'graefik

'kaasit; |-ed -id

Corsica 'korsika;

Cos lettuce 'kasjktis, cosmetic kaz'mEtik

-iz

ES

-jtari;

cosine 'kosam

-iz

[-s

'kD3se3(r,

|-s

armor' 'k3rslit;

garment' jkarsl'et;

'koasika; |-n -n

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

-ikli

ES jkaasES 'kaaslit Corson 'korsn; ES 'koasn cortege kar'tes, -hzy, ES kaa-; {Fr karHsrs) Cortes Sp b' Pg legist, 'kortiz; ES 'koat-; {Sp 'kartes, Pg 'kartej) Cortes, -ez Sp soldier 'kartEz; ES 'koatez; Corsicana jkorsi'kaena;

cosmography kaz'magrafi, -'mng-

corslet 'karslit;

cosmology kaz'maladgi

{Sp kar'tes) cortex

|-'s

cosm.opolitan jkazma'palatn |-ism -,izam

cosmopolitanize jkozma'palatrijaiz

'kaa-;

-iz

|-es

|-tices

ES kaa; |-es -iz 'kortikl; ES 'kaa-; |-ly -i

-ti |-tal -tl |-tally -tli

ES

costard, C- 'kasta^d;

cortical

Costa Rica 'kasta'rika, 'kns-,

'kartikit,

ES

-jket;

'kaa-;

|-n

ES

'koat-,

E+

'kastad 'kos-

'kas-,

-n

costermonger

|-cated -jketid

Cortland 'kortland, ^kort-;

'kasta' jmAgga^,

'kos-;

ES

-tajmAog3(r costive 'kastiv, 'kos-

'kaat-

corundum ka'rAndam

costly 'kastli, 'kost-

costmary

coruscant ka'rAskant coruscate 'karasjket, 'kar-, 'kor-

[-d -id

Corvallis kar'vaehs;

corvee kar've;

ES

ES

kaa-;

|-'s

jkara'b^entiz

|-ic

Corydon 'karadn,

l-r-a';

-s |-es

|-s

jkara'baentik

cosy

'kar-, 'kor-, -jdan, -jdon

coryphaeus

'kar-, 'kor-,

^kara'fias,

^kar-,

ES

-a(r

costumier kas'tjumia'; -'tium-, -'turn-; -i-a(r;

-im

'cozy' 'kozi

see cote

cotangent ko'taendgant

jkor-

|-es

-iz

cotangential jkotaen'dsenjal cote kot

|-phaei -'fiai

coryphee jkara'fe, ^kara'fe, jknra'fe {Fr kari'fe)

|-s

-z

—cot

words in the

b' cote are distinct, hut related, oldest English, hut Imve

become

confused in spelling.

coryza ka'raiza

cotemporaneous kojtempa'reiuas, 'kotempacotemporary ko't£mpajreri

cose 'kos' kos ful [tooth tue [further 'fySa^;

ES

{Fr kasty'mjc)

cot kat Icotted 'katid

Coryell jkori'2l, ^kar-; S jkor-

corymb 'karimb,

S

-jmaeri;

costume n 'kastjum, 'kos-, -tium, -turn costume v kas'tjum, kos-, -'tium, -'turn ]-d -d

ES kaaVet

'karajb^ent, 'kar-, 'kar-

'kost-,

-jmen

costrel 'kastral, 'kos-

-iz

koa've; {Fr kiir've)

corvette, -vet kar'vet;

'kastjineri,

-jmaeri,

coruscation jkaras'ke/an, jkar-, ^kor-

|full

-d

cost kast, kost

cortez kar'tes;

Corybant

-iz j-d

cosmos 'kazmas, -mas |-es -iz Cossack 'kasaek, 'kos-, -ak

costa 'kasta |-tae

-tijsiz

adj

|-s

cosmopolite kaz'mapa,Iait

cosset 'kasit, 'kosit |-ed -id

-iz

ES

'karteks;

corticate

S

and

|

|

corrugation jkara'ge/an, jk3rJ3-, ikar-, jkor-

Corry

E

o are often pronounced with d in

cose 'coze' koz coses 'koziz cosed kozd

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[toy tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

;

cote n ant

countermine

104

Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

count kaunt [counted 'kauntid

coterie 'kotari

countenance 'kauntanans

ES -Hsm-, -HymES -'Bsn-, -'Os^n-;

E

o are often pronounced with o in

cotenant ko'tenant |-ancy -ansi

ES

and S

-iz |-d -t

|-s

coterminous ko'tymanas;

counter 'kaunta^;

cothumus

counteraccusation jka unta^ jaekj u 'zejan

|-ni

ko'Oynas;

counteract jkaunta^'aekt |-ed -id

-nai

counteraction

cotidal ko'taidj cotillion,

-Hon ko'tiljan

Cotopaxi jkota'paeksi cottage 'katid3

{Am Sp

cotter, -ar 'kata^;

jkoto'pa-hi)

|-s

ES

ES

|-S

1-s

Cottonian ka'tonian

-ta-;

-ta-,

E+

ES

-ta-;

|-s

-IZ |-d -d

n

countercharge

Cottrell 'katral

[couches

|couched

'kaut/iz

countercharge

v

ES

'kaunta^jt/ords;

'kauntajt/a:d3, E+-;tXa:d3;

cotyledon ^katridn j-ous -'idnas, -^tdnas

-iz

|-s

ES

^kaunt^'t/ards;

jkaunta'tjaids, E+-'tXa:d3;

-iz |-d -d

|-s

countercheck n 'kaunta-^tjEk; ES 'kaunta-

kautjt

Couch kautJ,

counterclaim v jkaunta^'klem;

Coudersport 'kauda^z^port;

ES

'kaudaz^poat.

E+-jpD3t

Coue ku'e Coues kauz

|-'s

ES

jkaunta^'klakjwaiz;

counterdemonstiation jkaunta^jdEman'strefan

-iz

ES

ES

^kug3(r

jkaunta-

counterespionage jkaunt3''£spianid3, -a'spai-

-t

amd3

Coughlin Raglan, 'kngcould stressed 'kud, jkud; unstr. kad

counterfeit

couldest 'kudist

'kaunta^fit;

ES

'kaunta-;

'kudnt, before

some

conss. + is

\vAn

substand-

counterfoil 'kaunta^jfail;

ES

'kaunta-

counterirritant jkaunta^'iratant

ES

counterjumper 'kaunta'jdsAmpa';

ard.

couldst stressed 'kudst, jkudst; unstr. kadst coulee 'kuli {Fr coulee kuUe)

coulomb, C- ku'lam, -'Inm 'kolta^;

ES

'kolta(r; j-ed -d

Coulton 'koltn council 'kaunsl

Council Bluffs 'kaunsVbUfs

councilman 'kaunslman |-men -man councilor, -llor 'kaunsja^, -sla^;

ES

-a(r

counsel 'kaunsj |-ed -d |-ing 'kaunshg, -shg counselor, -llor 'kaunsl*, -sla^;

ES

-a(r

'kaunta-

jd3Ampa(r

countermand n 'kaunta^^maend; ES 'kaunta-. E+-jmand, -^mond countermand v ^kaunta-'maend; ES ^kaunta-. E+-'mand, -'mand; |-ed -id ('counterjmand 'orders) countermarch n 'kaunta^^martj; ES 'kauntajma:tX, E-i--jma:tX; |-es -iz

countermarch

v

jkaunta-'martj;

ES

jkaunta-

'mart/, E+-'ma:tX; |-es -iz |-ed -t

coimtermine n 'kaunta^jniam;

ES

'kaunta-

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret Ij'et jet |sang saeg |angr}- 'aeg-gri baG (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gard3 [go go

See in full §§3-47.

E

[-ed

-jfitid

('kudn'se)— r/ze pron. 'kudant

|bath baeG;

jkaunta-;

jkaunta'klak-

kof |-ed

C-

'kaunta-

l-ed -d

counterclockwise

cougar 'kuga^; kaf,

ES ES

counterclaim n 'kaunta^jklem;

kutj" |-'s -iz

couchant 'kaut/ant

Key:

ES

'kaunta^^blaest;

counterchange v jkaunta^'tjendg;

Cottonwood 'katrijwud

coulter,

ES

-jblast, -jblast

cottontail 'katrijtel

couldn't

-ta-;

-IZ |-d -t

counterblast [-ths -tJz

cottonseed 'katn^sid

cough

ES

-IZ

counterbalance v ^kaunta'baelans;

'kati'3(r

cottonmouth 'katn^mauO

-t

counterbalance n 'kaunta^^baelans;

'kat3(r

cotton, C- 'katn |-ed -d

kautj

counterattack n 'kauntarajtaek counterattraction ,kauntara 'traekjan

Cotterell 'kataral, 'katral cottier 'katia^;

&

(^action

counterattack v jkauntara'taek |-ed

-z

-iz 1-d -d

1-s

jkaunta^'aek/an

'counter ^action)

Cotsvvold 'katswold, -wald

couch

'kaunta(r; |-ed -d

countermine countermine

ES

^kaunta^'main;

v

jkaunta-;

countermove ^kaunta^^muv; ES 'kaunta-

country-dance

counteroffensive (kauntara'fEnsiv (offensive

ES

'kaunta^jpen;

'kaunta-;

ES

counterpart 'kaunta^^part;

'kaunt3ipa:t,

E+-jpa:t jplat, -jplot; I

ES

'kaunta-

countryman 'kAntnman |-men -man

ES

counterpoise n, v 'kaunta^^poiz ;

-'sit

%AntrijSaid

('whole

'country-

'kaunta-;

-jwrnun, -an

county 'kaunti

-d

ES

counterproposal 'kaunta'prajpozl;

'kaunta-

coup

'upset', 'drink'

ES

coup

'stroke'

jkauntajrgfa'meXan counterrevolution jkaunta^jreva'lu/an, -'hu/an,

ES

-jrEvrjufan;

counterscarp

jkaunta-; j-ary -jsri

ES

'kaunta^jskarp;

'kaunto-

countershaft 'kaunta'jjaeft;

ES

'kaunta-,

ES

'kaunta-

E-i-

-t

coup de grace Fr kuda'gra:s coup de main Fr kuda'ma; coup d'etat 'kude'ta {Fr kude'ta) coupe 'carriage' ku'pe; 'auto' kup,

less frcq.

couple 'kApl |-d -d |-hng 'kAplig, 'kAplig coupler 'kApla^;

- Jaft

countersign n 'kaunta^jsain;

countersign v 'kaunta^^sain, jkaunta^'sain;

^kaunta^'signatja';

^kaunta'signatja(r; ('signature

&

ES

'kApla(r

couplet 'kAplit

ES

coupling n 'kAphg coupon 'kupan, 'kju-,

ES

courage 'kyids;

-ta-; |-ed -d

countersignature

kop, kup j-ed

ku

ku'pe

jska:p, E-t--jska:p

'counter-

ES

-pnn

'kiu-,

'karids, 'kAr-, 'ky-; |-d -d

courageous ka'redsas courante ku'rant {Fr ku'ra)

jsignature)

countersink n 'kaunta^^sigk;

ES

courier

'kaunta-

v 'kaunta^jsigk, jkaunta^'sigk;

ES

'kuna,

'k3 pptc of flee f j-'s

fledge

-iz

fkds

|-s

-iz

[-d

kd -d [-dgling, -dgeling

-lig

f 15)

-iz [-d

|-'s

fie

Flecknoe 'fkkno

flae-

Flaminius fb'minias, -njas Flanders

'fb-i

-,ben [-bite -,bait

flea-bitten 'fli^bitn

flange flaends

[-less -lis |-y

flay fie [flayed fled

ES

flake flek [flaked flekt [flaky 'fleki

flan pastry flasn {Fr

-iz

flaxseed 'flaeks^sid, 'flaek^sid

'flae-ati

fkaCr,

flamingo fb'miijgo,

[-'s

-va(r; |-ing 'flevrig, -varig

flax flaeks [flaxes 'flaeksiz [-ed -t |-en -n

field

E

-lant

flautist 'fbtist

E+-jStaf, -^staf;

'flieg^staef;

flail flel [flailed

-i [-lent

'flaendaz;

|-'s

-iz

-d

fkd

fleece flis [fleeces 'flisiz [fleeced flist

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fySa^;

using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish

flee fli [fled

ES

'fstfa

dij" [vision

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipm

168

fleer

ES

fli3(r,

who flees'

'flia^;

fleer 'gibe' flir;

fleer 'one

S+fkaCr;

ES

[-ed -d

floatation flo'tejan

floccose 'flakos, fla'kos; ES-i--Dk-

I

Fleming 'flemig Flemish 'fkmi/ fkns |-s -iz j-d -t

flocculence 'flakjsbns;

|

|

Flodden 'fladn;

fleshed fkjt

I

fleshly

'fkjh [fleshy 'fk/i

fleshpot 'fk/jpat;

fkt/

fletch

ES+-jpDt

ES

ES + 'flndn

fbg [ged -d

flog flag, flog,

flood

'fktj3(r

fbd

[flooded 'fbdid j-gate -jget

floodlight 'flAdjlait |-ed -id

ES

Fletcherism 'fktjajrizam

|-rite -;rait

floor flor, fbr;

Fletcherize 'fktj3,raiz

-iz \-d -d

floorcloth 'flor.kbe, 'fbr-, -.kbe;

|-s

fleur-de-lis .flyda'li, -'lis;

flew past of fly flu,

fkks

flex

ES

.fb-, ^fly-; \pl

f

|-s

-z [-ed -d

floorwalker

-t$z,

'flor jwoka^, 'fbr-

flexes 'fkksiz flexed |

I

fkkst

flop flap;

Flora

'fkksabl |-bly -bli

ES+flop;

'flora, 'fbra;

Florence

ES

brans,

'flar-, 'flor- |-'s -iz [-entine

florescence flo'resns, fb-; S flo-; |-nt -nt Floresville 'floriSjVil, 'fb-; S

'fhkaCr;

-d

|-ed

|-ing

floriculture

'florijkAltJV,

'flo-, S-t--vl

ES

'fb-;

florid 'fbrid, 'flarid, 'florid

'flai'a(r

flies flaiz

Florida 'fbrada,

flight flait l-y -i

Floridian flo'ridian, fb-, fla-, flo-

'flar-, 'flor- |-n

flimflam 'flim^flaem ]-med -d

Florimel 'fbrajmsl,

flimsy 'flimzi

florin 'fbrin, 'flar-, 'flor-, 'florin

flinch flint/ [flinches 'flmtjiz |-ed -t flinder 'flinda^; fling

ES

-n

'flar-, 'flor-

florist 'florist, 'fbr-, 'flar-, 'flor-

Florizel 'fbra^zsl, 'flar-, 'flnr-

'flindaCr

flung flAg

fill)

'flon-

^Alt/a(r,E + 'f la-

'fhkdrig, 'fhkrig flier 'flaia^;

'f

flores 'floriz, 'fbriz; S 'floriz

flikt

ES

'floajWakaCr,

-anjtin

I

'flika^;

ES

'floral

ES 'fkksn3(r ES 'fkks3(r flexure 'fkkja'; ES 'fkkj3(r; |-xuous -kjuas flibbertigibbet, F- 'fliba^ti.dsibit; ES 'flibaFlexner 'fkksna^;

flexor 'fkksa^;

flicker

;

'flora

S

floral 'floral, 'fbral;

Florala fb'raeb, fla-, fin-

fhk flicked

'floa-,

|-ped -t j-py -i

S

flexion 'fkkjan 1-al -1

flick

ES

-es

E + 'fba-

hu

flexibility jfkksa'bilati

flexible

E-i-'fba-; |-ths

floafr, E-i-fb3(r

flooring 'florig, 'fbrig; S 'florig

or -Uses -'lisiz

-lis -'liz

flew 'dog's lip' flu, fliu

|-nt -nt

floe flo

|-es -iz |-ed -t

fletcher 'fktJV;

ES + 'flok-;

flock flak; ES-i-flok; [-ed -t

flense, flence

flesh flej fleshes 'fkjiz

ES-Fflok

floe flak;

'fli'3(r

fleeted 'flitid

fleet flit

flow

floss

fbs, flos

|-es -iz [-ed -t

I

flint,

F-

flota 'flota

flint |flinted 'flintid

flintlock 'flintjlak;

FHntshire

ES + -jDk ES -/laCr,

'flintjir, -Jsr;

flotage 'flotids

flip flip [flipped flipt

flotilla flo'tila

flippancy 'flipansi |-ant -ant

flotsam

flirt

flyt;

ES

fbt, fbt; [ed -id

flirtatious fly'te/as; flit flit [flitted

ES

'flatsam;

flounder 'flaunda-;

ES

-id [-ting 'flaitig

flour flaur;

ES

flourish 'flyi/;

ES

-d

^fliv3(r;

|-ed

-d

|-ing

See in full §§3-47.

[bath baeG;

E

freq.

ES

-da(r;

j-ed

-t

-d j-ing

flaua(r; |-ed -d

ES

'fbrij, 'fLvnJ, 'flyij"; |-es

-IZ [-ed -t

flout flaut [flouted 'flautid

'flivarig, 'flivrig

flow flo [flowed flod

float flot [floated 'flotid |-age -ids

Key:

less

'flaundang, 'flaundrig

flite flait |-d

'flit3(r; |-ed

ES + 'flotsam;

flounce flauns [flounces 'flaunsiz [-d

fls-, fly-

'fhtid

flitter 'fhta-;

'fliva^;

-iz

'flotsam (19c floatsome)

flitch flit/ [flitches 'flit/iz |-ed -t

flivver

|-s

flotation flo'te/an

-JaCr

bee bi jpity

baO (§10) jah a

[far

'piti

(§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg |angr\- 'aeg-gri

far jwatch wat/,

wotj

(§12) [jaw dja [gorge gards [go go

flower

'flaua^,

ES

flaur;

flau3(r;

'flau'3(r,

flyspeck 'flai^spek [-ed

-t

flyte flait |-d -id [-ting -ig

l-ed -d

flower-de-luce 'flaurdi'lus, -'hus; |-s

foment

169

flower

ES

'flaua-;

flytrap 'flaijtraep

flyweight 'flai^wet

-IZ

flywheel 'flai^hwil

floweret 'flaunt

flowerpot 'flaur jpat;

ES

foal fol [foaled fold

'flauSjpat, -jpot

flowery 'flauri, 'flauari

foam fom [foamed fomd

flown f Ion

f.o.b. 'Efjo'bl

flu flu, fliu

fob fab;

fluctuate 'flAkt/ujCt |-ated -jCtid [-ant -ant

focal 'fokl |-ly

fluctuation ^flAkt/u'eJan

focalize 'fokl^aiz

Foch

fhu

flue flu,

ES+fnb;

fo/,

Fluellen flu'elin, -an

focus 'fokas

fodder 'fada^;

fluff

fUf

Flugel

'fligl

fa/,

Ger fak)

|-es -iz [-ed -t [foci 'fosai

ES

'fada(r, 'fod-; |-ed -d j-ing

-dang, -drig

fUft

Ifluffed

-d

-iz j-d

[-s

fak {Fr

fluent 'fluant, 'fliuant |-ency -ansi

|-bed -d

-i

foe fo

{Ger 'fly:gal)

fluid 'fluid, 'fliuid

foehn fen {Ger f0:n)

fluidity flu'idati, fliu-

foeman 'foman [-men -man

fluke fluk,

fhuk

foetal

|-d -t [-ky -i

'fitl

[-ism -jizam

flume, F- flunis flium

foetation fi'te/an

flummery 'fUmari flummox 'flAmaks

foeticide 'fita^said [-dal jfita'saidl

foetus

]-es -iz j-ed -t

'fitas |-es -iz

flung flAo

fog fag, fag, fog [-ged -d [-gy

flunk flAgk [flunked flAgkt

foghorn 'fag^harn,

fluor 'flua^, 'fhua-;

ES

fogy

-a(r

fluoresce jflua'res, jfliu-

-iz ]-d -t |-nce -ns

[-s

Fr fwa'gra

foil fail [foiled faild

fluorine 'flua^rin, 'fliu-, -rin |-rin -rin

foison 'faizn

fluorite 'flua^rait 'fliu-

foist faist [foisted 'faistid

fluoroscope 'flura,skop, 'fliu-

fold fold [folded 'foldid

ES

fluster

folderol 'faldajtal; ES-f-'fnldajtnl

'fbri, 'fUri, 'flyi

flush flAj [flushes

ES

'flAsta^;

[flushed

'flAj"iz

'flAsta(r;

-d

|-ed

ES

Folger 'foldsa-;

fUJt [-ing

foliage 'fobids

[-s

'foldsaCr

-iz [-d -d

foliate adj 'fohit, -^et

'flAstario, 'flAstrig

flustrate 'fUstret |-terate -tajtet, -tret |-d -id

foliate V 'folijet [-ated -^etid

flute flut, flmt l-d -id

folio 'foli|0, -Ijo j-ed -d

flutter 'flAta^;

ES

'flAta(r; |-ed

foHum

-d

fkks

[fluxes

[-S

-s;

[-s

-z j-lia -a

NEngd+i6\is (§46)

Folkestone 'fokjston, Brit 'fokstan

flu'vaena, fliu-

folklore 'fokjlor, -jlar;

fluvial 'fluvial, 'fliu-

flux

'foliam

folk fok

fluty 'fluti, 'fliuti

Fluvanna

ES

-jloa(r,

we

folkway

fly flai [flew flu, fliu [flown flon

Follansbee 'falanzbi; ES-i-'fol-

flycatcher 'flai^kaetJV;

ES

follow 'falo, -a;

-jkaetJaCr

fljT^roof 'flai'pruf ('fly^proof

f oily 'fall;

f juz,

j-ed-d [-ing -lawig

ES

ES + 'fol-

ES + 'fnli

foment n 'fomEnt

'ointment)

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fySa^;

[using 'juzig [fuse

ES + 'fnl-;

follow-up 'falojAp, 'falajWAp;

'flai-a(r

flyleaf 'flaijif [-leaves -jlivz

[full

'fok/

follicle'falikl;ES + 'fDl-

flyaway 'flaiajwe

ES

E-h-jbaCr

folkmoot 'fokjmut [folkmote, -mot 'fokjinot

'fkksiz [fluxed fUkst

fluxion 'fUk/an

flyer 'flaia-;

-^haan

foible 'faibl

fluoric flu'arik, fliu-, -'arik, -'nrik

flurry 'flyi;

ES

'fogi

foie gras

|-nt -nt

-i

'fag-, 'fog-;

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vi3an

tai

[Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

foment foment

fordo

170 fo'ment |-ed -id ('foment 'trouble)

v

foot-ton 'fut'tAn

fomentation jfoman'tejan, -men-

footway 'futjwe

fond fand, fnnd

footwear

fondant 'fondant, 'fnn-

Fond du Lac

'fut^wer,

'fandsajlaek,

-d3u-, 'fanda-.

fondle 'fundi, 'fon- |-d -d |-ling -dlig, -dbg

ES

ES

footwork 'futjwyk; footworn

'fon-

fondler 'fandla^, 'fon-;

E

-^waer;

-jwsk, -jwyk

fop fap; ES+fnp; |-pery -an,

ES+fnnt Fontaine, La laefan'ten,

for stressed 'for, ^far;

font font;

-fon- (Fr lafo'ten)

Fontainebleau 'fantin^blo, jfantin'blo, -nn-

ES

'fu't/au (Chin -'dso)

1

ES

fo'reman

foray

-^hardi,

E+-iha:di

foot fut |footed 'futid j-age -ids |-ing

ES

ES

fa'baed

ES

-jboad,

E+

far-, -'baer;

|-borne

E

'fDa^beaCr,

faa'beaCr, fa-.

-'born,

ES

fa^-,

-'bo3(r.

ES

-'barn;

and

-'bean, E4--'b33n; ('bear

forbearance for'berans,

-jboad

E

-'baea(r; |-bore -'bor, -'bar;

E-t--'b33(r;

footboy 'futjbai

'forebear)

-'baEr3ns;

E fa3-,

ES

'faabz-

fa-; S fas'baerans, fa-

footbridge 'fut^bnds

|-s

Forbes-Robertson 'farbz'raba'tsn;

-iz

'rab3tsn, -'rob-

foot-candle 'fut'kaendj

forbid fa^'bid;

footfall 'fut^fDl

ES

footgear 'fut^gir;

-jgi3(r,

S + -ig£3(r

1

ES

f3'bid; J-bad, -bade |

ES

-'bar;

fa^-,

faa'boaCr, fa-.

E-(--'b3a(r; |-rne -n

foothold 'futjhold footle 'futl l-d -d 1-ling 'futbg, 'futhg

forby, -bye far'bai;

footlights 'futjlaits

force fors, fars;

footling adv, adj 'futbg

l-dly

footman 'futman |-men -man footmark 'fut^mark; ES -jma:k, E+-jma:k |-d -id

ES

ES

faa'bai

foas,

E+f33s;

|-s

-iz |-d -t

-idh

forceable

foot-loose 'futjlus

'fors3bl,

'coerceable'

'fars-;

ES

E + 'faas-

'foas-,

forceful 'forsfal, 'fars-;

ES

'fo3S-,

E + 'fass-;

l-ly -I

forcemeat

footpad 'futjpaed footpath 'fut/paeO; E-i--jpae, -^paG;

|-ths

-Sz

forceps 'farsaps;

footprint 'futjpnnt |-ed -id

forcible

footrope 'fut^rop

ES

|-bly

-jsoo(r,

E+-jS33(r

footstep 'futjStEp

Fordham

ES

'foas-.

E+faad;

|-ed -id

'fars-;

'fordam,

ES

foad,

'far-;

ES

'fo3d3m,

E-i-

'faa-

footstock 'futjstak; ES^-^stDk

fordo far'du;

ES

faa-; ]-does -'dAz |-did -'did

[-done -'dAn

footstool 'futjstul

See in full §§3-47.

E+

-bb

ford, F- ford, fard;

ES

'foas-,

'faassps

'fors3bl,

'violent'

E + 'faas-;

footrest 'futjtest

ES

'fars-;

'forsjinit,

'faas-

foot-pound 'fut'paund

footsore 'futjsor, -jS3r;

-'bad

-bidden -'bidn -dance -ns

forbore for'bor,

foothill 'futjhil

footnote 'fut^not

fo-

-jbae3(r

forbear v far'ber,

-iij

football 'futjbol

footboard 'futjbord, -^bord;

-kaCr

|foramina

-d

'fore, 'fare, 'fnre |-ed

forbade fa^'baed;

ES

foolscap 'fulzjkaep, paper often 'ful^skiep

E

ES

-z

|-s

forbear 'ancestor^ 'fDr^ber, -jbaer;

'fub/

|bath baeG;

-iz |-d -d

forasmuch jfaraz'mAtJ

-an

foolproof 'ful'pruf ('fool-proof 'gadget)

Key:

|-s

'faraka^, 'for-, 'for-;

'raemana

food fud jfoodstuff 'fudjStAf fool ful fooled fuld j-ery

-ri

'f33(r, jfD3(r; unstr.

f3(r

foramen

ES+ifon-

^fanta'nel;

Foochow

fooHsh

i^;

ES

forage 'forids, 'for-, 'for-

Foraker

(Fr foten'blo) -lie

-^woan.

E-i--jWD3n foozle 'fuzl |-d -d |-ling 'fuzbg, 'fuzbg

-l3(r

fontanel,

ES

-jwom;

'fut^worn,

fondue 'fandu, fan'du, -on- (Fr fo'dy)

foolhardy 'ful^hardi;

ES

-jWE3(r,

-jwaeaCr

bee bi Ipity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

(§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri

far |watch wat/,

wot/

(§12) |jaw dga [gorge gards |go go

Fordyce Fordyce

ES

'fardais;

'faa-;

Scotl

-iz,

|-'s

For'dyce

ES

E+f33(r

foa(r,

fore-and-aft 'foran'aeft,

n

E + 'far-, forearm

ES

'far-;

'forja:m,

ES

for'a:m, E+far-,

'ancestor'

'for^bEr,

ES

forebode for 'bod, far-;

E

-jbaer;

'far-,

S 'foajbaeaCr

'foajbE3(r, 'faa-, -jbaea(r;

foa-,

E+faa-;

|-d

ES 'foa-, E-i-'faa'far-; ES 'foa-, E+'faa-,

forebrain 'for^bren, 'far-; forecast n 'for^kaest,

ES

forecast v for'kaest, far-; -'kast;

\past

E+faa-,

foa-,

-casted

-cast,

-id

+ 'f orejcast(ed)

ES

'foa-,

E + 'faa-,

-d j-sure -33^;

foredo for'du, far-;

ES

E+faa-;

foa-,

\-s

ES ES

'far-;

far-;

'for^faSa',

forelock

'forjak,

'far-;

ES

'foajak,

'far-;

ES

'foa-,

foreman 'forman, I

'for^maest,

E + 'faa-,

'far-;

ES

far-;

E+faa-;

'foa^figgaCr,

'foa-,

E + 'faa-;

ES

foa-,

E+faa-;

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

ifar-;

|-feet -fit

E+faa-;

ES

E + 'faa-;

'foa-,

—acc^+'fore'f-

for'gaeSa^,

E+far-;

foa'gaecSaCr,

ES

E+faa-; |-went

foa-,

-'went |-gone -'gan, -'gon, foregoing for'gO'ig, far-;

less freq.

ES

foa-,

-'gan

E+faa-;

('fore^going 'day)

foregone for 'gan,

adn-,

ES

for'aadn-,

ES

jfar-;

^for-

E + jf arES 'foa-, E + 'faaES 'foa-, E + 'faa'for^kwarta^, 'far-; ES 'foa-

'for^pa, 'far-;

forepaw, F-

'for, pa, 'far-;

jkwaata(r,

E + 'faa-

forerun for 'r An, far-;

ES

foa'rAn, E+faa-;

|-ran -'raen \pplc -run -'rAn [-ner -a^; -a(r;

ES

acd + 'fore-runner

ES 'foa-, E + 'faaES 'foa-, E + 'faaES foa-, E+faa-; |-saw

foresaid 'for^sed, 'far-; foresail 'for^sel, 'far-;

far-, -'gon;

ES foa-, E+faa-;

('fore^gone con'clusion)

foreground 'for^graund,

foresee for'si, far-; -'sa |-seen -'sin

'far-;

ES

'foa-,

E+

foreshadow n

'forjjaedo,

'far-,

-a;

ES

'foa-,

for'/aedo,

far-,

-a;

ES

foa-,

E + 'faa-

'faa-

forehand 'for^haend,

forehanded

-ikh

iforaa'den,

|-d -id

forequarter

ES

far-;

|-ed -d 1-ing -'gae'Sarirj, -'gaeSrig

forego for'go, far-;

ES

E+jfar-; |-ed -d

Forepaugh 'far-;

'foa-,

ES

'far-;

foreordination jforardn'e/an,

ES

'far-;

ES

l-d-d

forensic fa'rensik, fo-

foa-,

'foa^maest,

-mast;

'far-,

E+faa-;

'foajfatJaCr,

ES

E + 'faa-

foa-,

ES

'far-;

E + 'faa-;

-jmast, -^mast

foreordinate v for'ardn^et, far-;

'forjfirjga^,

foregather

-jink,

-men -man

('fore^noon 'task)

E + 'faa-

'far-;

'for'haendid,

ES

'foa-,

'far-;

E + 'faa-

ES

E + 'faa|full

'foa-,

forenoon for 'nun, far-;

|-ed -id

'forkful,

E + 'faa-;

ES

E + 'faa-

-jfatSa(r

forefend for 'fend,

forefoot

'foa^nal-,

'far-;

foreordain ^forar'den,

forefinger

ES

'far-;

acd+ 'fore 'limb

'foa-,

l-ed -d

E+'faa-,

E+faa-;

foa-,

acd + 'fore 'leg

forename 'for^nem,

|-does

-'dAz 1-did -'did |-done -'dAn

foredoom n 'for^dum, foredoom v for'dum, forefather

ES

E + 'faa-; acd+ fore 'knowledge forelady 'for^ledi, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faaforeland 'forland, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faaforeleg 'forjeg, 'far-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-;

foremost 'foremost,

-jkasl, -jkasl

ES foa-, E+faa-; ES -3a (r

foreclose for'kloz, far-; -IZ |-d

far-;

-jnnl-,

foremast

forecastle naut. 'foksl, as sp. pron. 'forjkaesl, 'far-;

for 'no,

E + 'faa-

-jkast, -jkast

\acct

E+faa-;

foa-,

|-knew -'nju, -'niu, -'nu |-known -'non

forelimb 'for Jim,

-id |-ding -10

-'kast,

ES

-d

-IZ |-d

foreknowledge 'for^nalids,

-fl'.m

-'arm; |-ed -d

forebear

|-s

foreknow

'forearm,

for'arm, far-;

v

'farid, 'far-, 'for-, -ad, 'far^hed

forejudge for'dsAds, far-;

-and-; E+-'aft,

'far-,

S 'foran(d)'aeft

forearm

forehead

foreign 'farm, 'far-, 'for-, -an |-ness -nis

fore for, far;

-'aft;

foreshank

171

ful |tooth tu6 Ifurther 'fy'Sa';

'foa-,

foreshadow

E+faa-;

v

|-ed -d |-ing -'/aedawiij

foreshank 'for,Jaegk,

ES

'far-;

ES

'foa-,

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how

hau

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij" [vision 'vijan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

E + 'faa|toy tai

'em 'kipm

—

foresheet 'for Jit, 'for-; 'forj/or,

ES

foreyard 'forjard,

E+'faa-

'foa-,

ES

'for^Xor;

'foaj/oaCr,

E + 'f33i/33(r foa'/aatn,

E+

foa-; |-ed -d |-ing -tnig, -tnig

ES

foreside 'foresaid, 'far-;

E+'faa-;

'foa-,

ace/ + 'fore 'side

foresight 'for^sait, 'for-;

ES

E + 'faa'foa-, E +

'foa-,

ES

foresighted 'for'saitid, 'far-;

ES 'foa-, E + 'faafar-; ES foa-, E+faa-;

foreskin 'foreskin, 'far-;

forespeak for'spik,

|-spoke -'spok |-spoken -'spokan

ES

far-;

for'stal,

E+faa-;

foa-,

l-ed -d

|-ing -'gaetiarig, -'gaESrig

n

ES ES

'for^test, 'far-;

foretaste v for 'test, far-;

ES fa'gev ES foads,

forge fards, fords;

The pron. with

-d

E+faa-;

foa-,

ES

foretell for'tel, far-;

foa-,

E+faa-;

[-told

ES

-thought

E+faa-;

foa-,

ES

forgetful fa^'gEtfal;

ES

—

ES

'for^Gat, 'far-;

foretime 'for^taim,

'far-;

ES

'foa-,

'foa-,

E + 'faa-

E + 'faa-

foretimed 'timed before' for'taimd, far-;

E+faaforetoken n 'for^tokan,

ES

'far-;

v for'tokan, far-;

ES 'foa-, E + 'faaES foa-, E+faa-;

|-ed -d I-ing -'tokanig, -'toknig 'for^tap,

ES

'far-;

for'tapjOiaest, far-;

-jtop,

fore-topsail

for'tapiSel,

foa'tap-, -'top-,

forever fa-'eva^;

ES

naut.

-sj,

far-;

ES

E+faa-

ES

-'£va(r

forevermore fa^jEva^'mor, -'mar; 'moa(r,

foa'tap-

E+faa-, -;mast, -^mast

jinaest, -'top-,

ES

fa^jsva-

E + -'maa(r

forewarn for 'warn, far-;

ES

foa'waan,

forewent past of forego for 'went, far-;

E+

ES foa-,

E+faaforewoman 'for^wuman, 'far-, -jwum-; ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-; |-women -jwimin, -man

Key:

woman 'far-;

ES

'foa^wsd, 'foa-

E + 'faa-

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeG;

E

'foads-, 'faads-

ES

fa'gEtmi^nat,

ES

fa-

fa-; |-gave -'gev [-given

-'givan |-ness -nis

forgo far'go;

ES

faa'go; |-went -'went |-gone

forgot fa^'gat;

ES

fa'gat, -'got; |-ten

ES

forjudge far'dsAds;

ES

faa-;

faak; |-ed

forked adj farkt, 'farkid;

ES

|-s

-^i

-iz |-d -d

-t

ES

faak-

fa'laan; |-ness -nis

form farm; ES faam; |-ed -d [-al -1 j-ally -li The pron. form /or the sense 'rank,' 'bench,' once current in Engd, comes from a variant furme, fourme 'fu:rma. Cf course, formaldehyde far'maelda^haid; ES fa'mael-

ME

ES 'faamES 'faam-; |-ist -ist formahty far'maelati; ES faformalize 'farml^aiz; ES 'faam-; |-s -iz |-d -d formant 'farraant; ES 'faamformalin, F- 'farmalin;

formalism 'farmjjizam;

faa-; |-ed -d

foreword 'for^wyd,

ES

forgive fa^'giv;

forlorn fy'larn;

f ore- topmast

jwyd,

ES

-jHOt

fork fark;

'foa^tap,

E + 'faa-

see

fa-; \-\y -i

-'gan, -'gnn, less freq. -'gan

foa-,

foretoken

'foad3a(r, 'faa-;

see forge

forgettable fa-'gEtabl;

-'Gat 11

double forms

fa-; \past -got -'gat \pptc

I

forethought

-iz |-d

say ford,

-gotten, -got -'gatn, -'gat; |ES + -'gDt(n)

forget-me-not fa^'gEtmijUat;

-'told

fo rethink for'Giijk, far-;

|-s

see forge

forgetive 'fardsativ, 'for-;

l-d -id

foretop

ES

forger 'fardsa^, 'fordsa^;

forget fa^'gEt;

E + 'faa-

'foa-,

ME

from

results

etc.,

faadj;

many who

a by

'fordsa &° 'fatrdsa.

|-y -I

forestation jfaris'te/an, jfar-, jforforetaste

ES 'faafa(r; [-shire ES -;Jia(r, -Ja(r forfeit 'farfit; ES 'faafit; j-ed -id forfeiture 'farfit/a^; ES 'faafitJa(r forfend far'fend; ES faa 'fend; |-ed -id forgather far'gaetia'; ES faa'gae?ia(r; j-ed -d 'f^rf^^; loc. 'fnrfar;

forG,

forest 'farist, 'far-, 'for-, -ast |-ed -id |-ry -ri

E+

'foaJa:d,

-Jir, -/»;

forgave fa^'gev;

'faa-; ('fore^sighted 'act)

ES

'far-;

'faa-, -ija:d

Forfar

ES

foreshorten for'Jortn, far-;

forestall

former

172

foresheet

foreshore

—

——

format 'farmaet {Fr

far 'ma)

formation far'me/an; formative 'farmativ;

ES faaES 'faam-

forme farm; ES faam former 'farma^; ES

'faama(r;

|-ly

-li

'farmali, by r-dissimilation, is often heard.

bee bi [pity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

(§6) [rate ret |yet jet [sang saeg |angr>' 'aeg-gri

far [watch watj, wntj" (§12) Ijaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

—

—

formic

Fourier

173 of fortnight here given

leading to easier confusion with formally

tions

(§121).

phonetic or analogical developments.

ES

formic 'farmik;

'foam-; |-ary -jEri

fortress

ES

-tras;

'fartris,

are regtdar

'faat-;

ES 'foamformicate V 'formijket; ES 'foam-; |-d -id formidable 'fornudabl; ES 'foam-; |-bly -bli

fortuitous far'tjuatas, -'tiu-, -'tu-;

Formosa far'mosa; ES

fortune 'fart/an;

formicate adj 'farmikit;

— Brit+io^mid-

ES

formula 'farmjala; |-lary

'faam-;

-z |-lae -}i

ES

ES

ES

fornicate 'farnijket;

ES

fornication jfarni'keXan;

Forres 'fans, 'fans,

forsake fa^'sek;

good speakers

jfaan-

'foris, -iz |-'s -isiz, -iziz

ES

fa-; |-sook -'suk 1-saken

ES

fa'suG

ES

forspend far 'spend;

faa-; [-spent -'spent

|-swore

faa'swaea(r;

E

ES

-'swarn;

faa'swea(r,

-'swor,

E + -'swaa(r;

-'swoa(r,

-'swar;

-'sworn,

|-sworn

fa^'saiO;

ES ES

The

Lydia

(Z,

ES

English Latin

Lydia); the 2d,

E+faat

foat,

music

'farti, -te;

ES

ES

ES

foae,

forthcoming 'forG'kAmig,

E+faat

foat,

'farO-;

faa-

-iz |-d -t

F-

'fasta^, 'fas-, ^fos-;

ES

-ta(r; |-ed -d

-tang, -trig

|-ing

Fostoria fas'tona, fos-, -'tar-; S -'tor-'Srig-;

ES + 'ft»?l-

fat

ES

foulard fu'lard, fa'lard;

-'la:d,

E+-'la:d

foul-breathed 'faul'breGt

foulmouthed 'faul'mau'Sd, -iz

|-'s

faund faund [founded 'faundid

found past V

-Gt |-thedly -'Sidli

|-es -iz

b" pptc of find

|-al -| |-ally -Ii

ES -da(r; |-dress -dris 'faunda^; ES -da(r; j-ed -d j-ing

founder v

ES

foaG-,

foundery 'faundari, 'faundn |-dry -dri

ES

foaG-,

'faundang, -drig fount faunt

E+faaG-

fountain 'fauntn, -tin, -tan four for, far;

fortification jfartafa'ke/an;

ES

ES

Fortinbras 'fartn^braes, 'fartin-;

ES

ES

foa(r,

E+faa(r

ES fua'drini'a(r ES 'foa-, E + 'faa-; -t [-er -a^; ES -a(r adv 'for 'fold, 'far-; ES 'foa-,

four-flush 'for'fkj, 'far-;

'faat-

fa'tis-;

ES

Fourdrinier fur'drini*;

/faata-

'faata-; |-fied -jfaid

fortissimo far'tisajino;

{It

|-es -IZ |-ed

for-

fourfold adj,

E + 'faa-

'tissijmo)

fortitude 'farta^tjud, -jtiud, -^tud;

[full

ES

'foaG-,

E+faaG-; ('forth^right 'mind)

'fartnait, 'foat-;

Some

-z

founder n 'faunda^;

ES

forthwith forG'wiG, farG-, -'wi(J;

'faat-,

far 'went;

foundation faun'de/an

'faat-

E+faaO

forthright adj, adv forO'rait, farG-;

fortnight

-z j-ra -ra

-^aizd foster,

found

E+'faaG-

fortify 'farta^fai;

|-s

Foulness jfaul'nes

ES

'faat-

Fortescue 'fartis^kju, -jkiu; forth, F- fore, farO;

|-s

'farad.

foulness 'faulnis

forte ^strong point' fort, fart; forte

ES

|-s

foul faul |-ed -d |-ly 'fauUi, 'fauli

ES

the analogy of Forsyth,

fort fort, fart;

jfaati'naina(r

use the historical pron.

Fotheringay 'faSarigjge,

fa'saiG

1st pron. follows

as in

tradition,

ES

forwhy far'hwai; ES faa'hwai

fought

'faasait

forsythia, F- fa^'siOia, far-, -'sai6-, -Oja; fa-, fa-;

ES ES

-'swoan, E+-'swaan

Forsyte 'farsait;

'faat/an^telaCr

fossil 'fasl, 'fosj; |-ize -^aiz |-izes -^aiziz |-ized

forswear far'swer, -'swaer;

Forsyth

'fara'd;

fosse fas, fos

-'sekan forsooth fa^'suO;

ES

'faawad;

still

forwent past of forgo

'fonst

'farist, 'farist,

ES

forward 'farwa^d;

'faan-; |-d -id

faa-

'faati; |-tieth -tiiG |-fold -'fold

forum 'foram, 'faram; S 'foram;

ifaam-

fa-;

'faa-; |-nate -it

forty-niner ^farti'naina^;

'faam-; |-d -id

formulation jfarmja'le/an;

ES

'farti;

ES

-'tiu-, -'tu-;

ES

fortuneteller 'fart/an^tela^;

forty

formulate 'farmjajet;

Forrest

|-s

-Jen

ES

|-tism -jtizam |-ty -ti

Fortuna far'tjuna, faa-

-iz

|-es

l-ed -t

|-ly

'fort-, -li

-nit,

ES

'faat-

-nat;

ES

All the pronuncia-

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fySa^;

ES

four-footed

'f or'f utid,

'far-

Fourier jfuri'e, 'funa^;

;

ES

ES

'foa-,

E+

'f

aa-

jfuri'e, 'furi-aCr;

{Fr fu'rje)

'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kiedl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

— Fourierism Fourierism 'furia'jizam four-legged 'for'kgid,

fragrance 'fregrans |-cy

|-ist -ist

four-in-hand 'foriiijhaend,

S

'for-;

ES

-'kgd;

'for-,

'foa-,

'for'maestid,

ES

'for-;

'foa-,

ES

four-o'clock 'fora^klak, 'fora-;

'fora^klak,

E + 'fara-

fourpence 'forpans,

ES

'for-;

E + 'foa-;

'foa-,

-penny -jpeni, -pom 'foo'postoCr,

E + 'foo('four, score

foursome 'forsom, foursquare

ES

'for-;

'for'skwer,

'foo'skwEoCr,

franc fraegk

E + 'fooS

ES

foa-,

'foo-

(,he's

fourth fore, forO;

ES

four-wheel adj, n

-d

-iz |-d

Franck fraok {Fr

Kuno

-sis

|-cis'

|-co

-ko

fra:k, Ger fragk)

'kuno'fragka

Franco-American

'f raeijkoa

'merakan

Franco-British 'fraegko'britij"

ES

E+foo-;

foo-,

acct + 'four 'teen th

-ths -8s I

{It fran'tjeska)

|-s

Francisca fraen'siska |-can -kan

Francke,

E+foa-;

-iz |-ces' -sis

Francis 'fraensis; E-h'fran-, 'fran-;

E

-'skwaer;

|-'s

Frances 'fraensis E-i-'fran-, 'fran-;

franchisement 'fraent/izmant

'foo-,

Engd

'fremig,haEm,

'ten)

-'skwaeoCr;

fourteenth for'tinO, for-;

'for-;

ES

Franco-German 'fraegko'dsyman; ES -Mssm-, -'ds^mFrancophile 'fraegka,fail

fooG, E-t-fooO; |-ths -Gs

'for,liwiI,

'foo-,

E + 'foo-

Francophobe 'fraegka,fob

j-bia jfraegka'fobia

Franco-Prussian 'fraegko'prAjan

four-wheeled 'for'hwild,

'for-;

ES

'foo-,

E+

f outer, -tre 'futa^;

ES

frangipani ^fraendsi'paeni, -'pani

'futoCr

frank, F- fraegk |-ed -t

fowl faul [fowled fauld |fowhng 'faulig

ES+fnks;

|-es

-iz

|-ed -t

|-glove

Frankfurt

-d

ES

'pilot' 'foijy;

foyer 'lobby'

'foi-e;

'foia^,

ES

'foi-3(r,

'foi-e;

frankfurter, F- 'fraegkfa^ta^;

franklin, F- 'fraegklin

{Ger

ES

'fraegkfata(r

frantic 'fraentik j-ly

|-al -} |-ally -li

Eraser

fractious 'fraek/as

fracture 'fraektJV;

ES

f rae

re ; unstr. fre,

'freza^, 'fresa^;

frater 'freta^;

-tJaCr; |-d -d

fraternal

f ri

'fraedsal, -dsil |-gilely -dsali, -djili,

ES

-iz

ES

-a(r; {Sc 'fre:3ar)

'freta(r

fra'tynl,

fre-;

ES

ES

-'tynl;

-Han-, -'tyn-

fraternize 'fraeta^^naiz, 'fret-;

fragment 'fraegmant

-'tsnl,

l-ly-i

fraternity fra'tynati;

-lUi

fragility frae'djilati, fra-

fragmental fraeg'mentj

|-s

-li |-ally -li

frappe frae'pe |-ed -d (Fr fra'pe)

fractionate 'fraekj"an,et |-d -id

'f re, ,f

|-ite -^ait

frankpledge 'fraegk^pleds

Brit 'fraeka, pi -kaz

|-es -iz;

fraction 'fraek/an |-ed -d

ES

-ta-;

|-s

-iz

1-d-d fratricide 'fraetrajsaid, 'fretra-

|-ly -i

fragmentary 'fraegman,t£ri

|-ly

-li,

esp.

if

See in full §§3-47.

fratricidal jfraetra'saidl, ^fretra-

fraud frod

efnph. ,fraegman'terali

E

ES 'fraegkfat ES 'fraegkfat;

'fraegkfa^t;

frankincense 'fraegkin,sens

F- fra

fracas 'frekas

jbath baeO;

'fraegkfa^t;

'fragkfurt)

'foi-3(r

{Fr fwa'je)

stressed

Frankenstein 'fraegkan,stain, -kinFrankfort

-,glAV |-hound -,haund |-tail -,tel foi |-ed

frangible 'fraendsabl |-bihty jfraendsa'bilati

frangipane 'fraendsa^pen

'fo3-; ('four-, wheeled 'truck)

Key:

Mass

and

'four'teen, 'four^teen 'men)

-alli,

Framingham -migam

franchise 'fraent/aiz

'for-,

'foo-,

fourteen for 'tin, for-;

fragile

frame-up 'frem,Ap

'foa'skooCr,

'skwaeo(r; ('four,square 'room)

fra,

-d

Francesca fran'tjeska

E + 'fo3'sko3(r;

foyer

-d

-iz |-d

|-d

ES

fourscore 'for'skor, 'for'skor;

foy V

|-s

France fraens; E-i-frans, frans;

ES

four-poster 'for 'posts', 'for-;

fox faks;

frez

framework 'frem/wyk; ES -,w3k, -,wyk

-'mast-

E-i-'faa-, -'mast-,

I

f raise

frame frem

four-masted

-ant

-i |-ant

frail frel |-ly 'frelb, 'freh |-ty -ti

'for-

E + 'f33-

-jklok,

fraud

174

bee bi [pity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

|-ful -fal

|

-fully -fall

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr},' 'aeg-gri

far |watch wat/,

wntj

(§12) |jaw dso [gorge gord3 |go go

—

— fraudulence

175

fraudulence 'fr3d33l3ns [-cy

-i |-lent

-lant

fritter

frequence 'frikwans

-iz [-cy -i [-nt -nt

|-s

frequent v fn'kwent [-ed -id

fraught f rat

Fraunhofer 'fraun/hofa^;

ES

Frere

-^hofaCr

ES

'freza', 'fresa^;

Frazier 'fresa';

frir;

ES

fna(r, S-i-fr£a(r

fresco 'fresko [-ed -d

fray fre |-ed -d

Frazer

—

ES

-3(r; {Sc 'fre-.sar)

'fre53(r; cf Fraser, Frazer

fresh fre/

freshen

'f

[-es -iz [-ed -t

re/an [-ed -d

[-ing 'fre/anig, -/nig

frazzle 'fraezl |-d"-d |-ling 'fraezhg, -zlig

freshet 'fre/it

freak f rik

freshman 'fre/man [-men -man

freckle 'frekl |-d -d |-ling 'freklirj, -klig

Fresno 'frezno

Frederic, -ick 'ftEdarik, 'fr£drik

fret fret [-ted -id [-ful -fal [-fully -fall

Frederica jfredaVika

-ibyg Fredonia

fretsome 'fretsam

NY, Kan fri'donia; {Am Sp fre'Sonja)

'donja

ES

'frednksjbyg;

Fredericksburg

ES

free fri |freer 'fria^;

-

ibsg.

Colombia fre-

ES

-jboad,

E+

-jbaad

friar,

F-

ES

'fraia', frair;

ES -jbutaCr ES -jbaan ES 'friban

[d -d

fribble 'fribl

freeborn 'fri^born;

fricassee ^frika'si [-d -d

Freeborn

'friba^n;

friction 'frik/an [-ed -d

Friday

freedom, F- 'fridam

freedwoman 'frid^wuman, -Vimin, -an see woman

-jwu-

|

-men

'fraidi

spelt

friedcake 'fraid jkek friend trend |-ly

freehand 'frijhaend

frier 'fryer' 'fraia^;

freehanded 'fri'haendid

Fries

Sw

[-'s

-IZ

freehold 'fri^hold

Freemason free-soil,

-man

fries

F-

ES

'fri'sail ('Free-jSoil

frieze friz

'party)

ES

ES

-bsg,

-byg;

(Ger

[-sic

[-s

frighten 'fraitn [-ed -d [-ing 'fraitnig, -tnig frightful 'fraitfal [-ly -i

frijol, -e 'frihol, -'bol

Fremont John C. 'frimant, -mont, fri'm Fremont 'frimant, -mont French frsntj [-'s -iz [-man, -men -man [-woman -^wuman [-women -jWimin, - an

frill fril

woman

Freneau

'f

rent/a ^fai

l-ed -d

fnnds

[-s

-iz [-d -d

frippery 'fripari Frisian 'frisan, 'fri3ian

frit frit

[-fied -^faid

frith frie [-ths -Os

frenetic fra'netik, fri- |-al -1 [-ally

[full

fringe

.

frisk frisk |-ed -t

fri'no, f re-

frenzy 'ftEnzi

-zik |-sish -zij

[-d-d

-iz

freight fret [freighted 'fretid

Frenchify

schol. friz

fraiz

frigid 'fridsid |-ity fri'd3idati

'fraiburk)

see

Am

fris;

fright frait |-ed -id

-'GigkaCr

friz |-s -iz [froze froz [frozen 'frozn

'fraibyg;

'frai'a(r

Ger philos.

Frigg frig [Frigga 'friga

freethinker 'fri'eigka^;

F-

ES

frigate 'frigit

freestone, F- 'frijston

Freiburg

from fry

[-ship -/ip, 'fren/ip

-li

Friesland 'frizland, -Jaend

'fri-aCr

free-spoken 'fri'spokan

freeze,

hot.,

Friesian 'frisan

'frijmesn, ;fri'mesn |-ry -ri

'fria^;

Fridy in 1642

fried past b' pptc of fry fraid

free-for-all 'frifa^bl ('free-for-.all 'fight)

freeman, F- 'friman |-men

[-ling 'friblig, -blig

fricative 'frikativ

freedman, F- 'fridman [-men -man

F-

'frai'a(r, fraia(r

friary 'fraiari

freebooter 'fri^buta^;

freer,

-jwsk, -jwa^k

Freud fraid {Ger frayt) Freudian 'fraidian Frey fre, Swiss statesm. frai Freya 'frea [Freyja 'freja friable 'fraiabi

'fri-aCr

freeboard 'fri^bord, -^bard;

ES

fretwork 'fret^wsk;

|-ied

fritillary 'fritljeri

-d

fritter 'frita-;

ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^;

[using 'juzig [fuse

-h

f juz,

ES

'fstJa

ES

'frita(r; [-ed

-d

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

176

frivol

frowzy 'frauzi

frivol 'frivi |-ed -d 1-ing 'frivlig, -vlig

frivolity fnValati;

ES + -'vd1-

froze froz [frozen 'frozn fructification jfrAktafa'keJan

frivolous 'frivabs, 'frivlas friz,

full

fructify 'frAkta^fai |-fied -^faid j-tose -tos

-zz friz [frizzes 'fnziz [frizzed frizd

frizzle 'frizl |-d -d |-ling 'frizlig, -zlig

fructuous 'frAktJuas

fro fro

frugal 'frugl, 'friugl |-ity fru'galati, fnufruit frut, friut |-ed -id |-ful--fal [-fully -fall

Frobel 'frebl {Ger 'frorbal) Frobisher 'frobija^; frock frak;

ES

ES+frnk;

fruitcake 'frut^kek, 'friut-

'frobij3(r

fruiterer 'frutara^, 'friut-;

|-ed -t

ES

froe fro

fruition fru'i/an, fnu-

Froebel ^frebl {Ger 'frotbal)

frumenty 'frumanti, 'fnufrump frAoip j-ed -t

frog frag, frag, frog; S frog, frag, frog; |-eye

frustrate 'frAstret [-d -id |-tion frAs'treJan

-jai

Frohman 'froman Froissart

frustrum erron. for frustum 'frAstram

ES

'froisart;

E+-sa:t; {Fr

-sa:t,

ES + 'frolik; 'from,

stressed

'frAm, jfrAm; tmstr.

Frome Eng from

|-some -sam

jfram,

^frnm,

fram frum

—A

rivs. b' places

'f ju/a,

-d j-ling 'fAdhg, 'fAdhg

l-d

fudge fAds [fudges

Fronde Fr fro:d

Fuegian fju'idsian,

-idsiz

%Antid

j-age -ids 1-ages

'frantajnaek,

'frnn-,

in

C+Fr

frota'nak

ES

-'ti3(r, -ti3(r,

S+-'te3(r, -t83(r;

|-sman -zman |-smen -zman frontispiece 'frAntis^pis, |-s

'fira',

ES

'fju-;

ES + 'fron-;

-IZ

fugleman 'fjuglman, fugue fjug, fiug

fro3(r,

E+fr33(r

'fju-;

pron. -fal,

frost frast, frost |-ed -id |-ing -ig

understood that -ful

a

formal

-jbitn 'frost-,

'frost ^f la ua^,

-jflaur;

ES

ES

-ra(r; {Ger 'fj-:rar)

Only

-fl, less freq. -ful.

Many

-f 1 is

the

being

a common variant, and

less freq. one, being

style

it

heard chiefly in

or consciously careful speech.

adjectives in -ful are omitted

from

the

vocabulary.

-yflau'3(r, -jflau3(r 'frost jwyk,

-man

pron. -fal is given in the vocabulary,

frostbite 'frast^bait, 'frost- |-bit -jbit [-bitten

frostflower

j-men

unstressed ending forming adjectives (plaj^-

ful),

ES

'fira^,

'fiu-

-d

|-d

Fuji 'fudsi [Fujiyama jfudsi'jama -i\i\

frore arch, fror, frar;

'frost-;

ES

-iWyk

-jwak.

-ful half-stressed

ending of compound nouns

(cupful 'kApjful).

froth froe, froO |-ths -Gs |-ed -t

-ful, -full stressed

second element of compound

Froude frud

adjectives (brimful,

frou-frou 'frufru

full 'h^f'ful, -,ful).

frounce frauns

j-s

fulcrum 'fAlkram

-iz |-d -t

frouzy 'frauzi

frown fraun

|-ed -d

frowsty 'frausti

E

ES

-ad,

-wad

'brim'ful, -jful, half-

-z [-ra -ra

-d

fulgent 'fAldsant [-gid -dsid fulgor 'fAlga';

ES

full ful [fulled

fuld [fully

-ga(r; |-ous -as 'full

bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret jyet jet [sang s£eg |angr\' 'aeg-gri baG (§10) |ah a [far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) jjaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

in full §§3-47.

[bath baeO;

[-s

-11

fulfill, -fil ful'fil |-(l)ed

fro ward 'froa^d, 'frowa'd;

Key: See

'fweds-ra(r; {Ger 'fy:rar)

fugacious fju'ge/as, fiu-

Fiihrer

'fran-;

frontlet 'frAntlit

frostwork

Adsiz [fudged fAdsd

fiu-,

fugitive 'fjudsativ, 'fiu-

frontier frAn'tir, fran-, frnn-, ^frAntir, ^fran-. 'fron-;

Fuehrer

'f

fuel 'fjual, 'final [-ed -d

|-al -1 |-ally -li

Frontenac

'fuksia

'fiu-, -Jia, generic

frond frond, frnnd front frAnt [fronted

-a(r

fuchsin 'fuksin [-sine -sin, -sin

fuddle 'fAdl

heard in Engd.

is also

ES

Fryeburg 'fraibyg; ES -bag, -byg fuchsia, F-

sp. pron.

-z

-z |-ta -ta

|-s

fry frai [fried fraid [fryer 'fraia^;

jfrom.

[-s

j-tra -tra

frustum 'frAstam

frwa'sa:r) frolic 'frahk;

from

-tara(r

fullback fullback ^fuljbaek fuller 'fula^;

ES

'f

Alma^net

fulsome 'fulsam, 'fultni

Fulvia

'f a1vi3,

fulvous

'f

fsl, fyl; |-ed

-nant

|-d -id |-nant

'IaI-

-vja

a1v3s

S

'fiu-, -jt3ri;

-jtori

furrier 'fyia^;

'fjumit, 'fiu- |fumette

juma^get,

fumiter 'fjumata',

f ju'met,

fiu-

ES

'fiu-;

-t3(r

'fiu-, -itari;

S -jton

'fjumi, 'fiumi

fun fAn funned fAnd I

function 'fAgk/an |-ed -d

|-al -1 [-ally -|i

fund fAnd [funded

'f

Andid

fundament 'f Andaman! fundamental ^f Anda'mentj

'fiu-;

ES

'fsnit/aCr, 'fs'nit/aCr

ES

'fsn-, 'fs^n-

-raa(r

ES 'fsri-aCr, 'fAr-, 'fyi'a(r ES 'fsrig, 'fs'ig furrow 'fyo, -a; ES 'fsr-, 'fAr-, 'fy-; |-ed -d furrowing 'fs^awig; ES 'fsrawig, 'fAr-, 'fyfurry 'fs^i; ES 'fsn, 'fyi further 'fytJa-; ES 'fsSaCr, 'fy3a(r; |-ed -d

|-ly -i |-ism

-jizam

2d pron.

^

-^mar;

ES

E+-jm3a(r;

In

'fySa-,

'fs^Sa^jinor,

has become a by dissimilation

{§121).

ES 'fstSa-, ES 'fs-, 'fyES 'fs-, 'fs'-

furthermost 'fytJa^jmost;

Andi

furtive

fury

'fs^tiv;

'fjuri, 'fiuri

ES

furze fyz;

j-ly -i

funest f ju'nest, fiu-

fsz, fyz; j-s -iz |-d -d

fuscous 'fAskas

fungicide 'fAndsa^said

fuse fjuz, fiuz

fungoid 'fAggaid

fusee gun

|-al

fAg'gaidl

fungous adj 'fAggas fungus n 'fAggas

'fAudsai

funicular fju'nikjala^, fiu-;

Fr

-d

fiu-

fy'ze

fusel 'fjuzl, 'fiu-, -si

fuselage

ES

j-s -IZ |-d

f ju'zi,

fusee mils.

|-es -iz |fungi

funicle 'fjunikl, 'fiu-la(r

'fjuzlids,

'fiu-,

-^05;

fusibility jfjuza'bilati, jfiu-

funnel 'fAnl |-ed -d

fusible 'fjuzabl, 'fiu- |-bly

-bh

Am

fusiform 'fjuza^farm, 'fiu-;

ES

ES

f3(r,

fy; |-red -d

{Fr

-'ia(r,

S+

-jfaam

fusil 'fjuzl, 'fiu-, -zil

ES 'fs-, 'fy-; j-ed -d ES 'fs-, 'fy-; |-es -iz |-ed -t furcate adj 'fyket, -kit; ES 'fs-, 'fyfurcate v 'fyket; ES 'fs-, 'fy-; \-d -id furfur 'fa^fa^; ES 'fsfaCr, 'fyfaCr; |-es -^iz j-al furbelow 'fybl^o;

furbish 'fs^biji

-eer

fusilier,

^fiu-;

ES

fusillade jfjuz|'ed, ^fiu- |-d -id

fusion 'fju3an, 'fiufuss fAs [fusses

furibund 'fjun^bAnd, 'fio-

fustic

Astik

furious 'fjurias, 'fiu-

fustigate

'f

'f

Asiz [fussed fAst

Ast/an

'f

ES

^fjuzl'ir,

-'eaCr

fustian

jfuU ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa^;

-iz

|-s

fyz'lazs)

funk fAgk [funked f Agkt

fur fy;

{Fr fy'z«)

'fiu-, f ju'zen, fiu-

fusain 'fjuzen,

Andsai

'f

^fs'tSa-

furthest 'fytJist;

|-es -iz

funereal fju'nirial, fiu-

funny

-Srans

|-ing -tiarig, -'Srig ]-ance -ans,

the

funeral 'fjunaral, 'fiu-

'f

ES

'fynavl;

-all

'f juror,

'fs-, 'fs^-; |-es -iz |-ed -t

'fstSa^moaCr, 'fySajmoaCr,

|-ist -ist

fungi

Furnival,

furthermore

functionary 'fAgkJaiijeri

fundus 'fAndas

|-'s

furring 'fs'ig;

'fiu- [-d -id

fumitory 'fjumajtori,

ES

furniture 'fs^nitja^;

fumet

'f

'fs-, 'fs*-

ES 'fs-, 'fyfurnace ^fs'nis, -as; ES 'fs-, 'fy-; |-s -iz Furnas 'fs^nis, -as; ES 'fs-, 'fs'-; |-'s -iz Furness, -niss 'fynis, -as; ES 'fs-, 'fy-;

furor

Fundy

S + -lag

'fslo, 'fylo

furmity 'fs'mati;

fumble 'fAmbl |-d -d |-ling ^fAmblig, -blig fume fjum, fium \-d -d

fumy

-d

'fs-, 'fy-,

furmenty 'fs^manti; ES

furnish 'fyni/;

'fiu-

fumatory 'fjumajtori,

'f

ES

-IZ

fumarole 'fjumajtol,

fumigate

ES

furlough 'fylo;

'fulm3(r

fulmination jfAlma'nefan |-nous ^fAlmanss

Fulton

ES

furl fyl;

furlong 'fs'bg, -log;

-d

'ful3(r; |-ed

ES

fulmar 'fulma^; fulminate

fustigate

177

'f

Astajget [-d -id [-tor

-»',

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij* [vision

Visan [Eden

'idiri

ES

hau

[cradle 'kred} [keep

-a(r

[toy tai

'em

'kipiii

fusty

178

fusty 'fAsti

futtock

]-tily -tli, -till

ES

futhorc, -rk 'fuOark;

future

'fuOaak

futuristic

futilitarian jfjutib'terian, jfiu-, -'ter-, -rjan,

Atak -tj3(r; |-rism -jizam

,f

jut/a 'ristik, jfiu|-ric

-rik

futility fju'tilati, fiu-

Futrall 'fjutral, 'fiu-

fuze fjuz, fiuz

Futrell

fuzee

'f jutral,

ES

futurity fju'turati, fiu-, -'tiur-, -'tjur-

tili ' tarian

J

'f

'fjutja^, 'fiu-;

|-ist -ist

futile 'fjutl, 'fiu-, -til |-ly -i

acct + f u

galleass

'fiu-

-iz |-d

j-s

-d

fiu-

f ju'zi,

fuzz fAZ fuzzes 'fAziz fuzzed fAzd

Futrelle f ju'trel, fiu-

I

I

|-y -i

G G, g

letter

Gainsborough

dgi \pl G's, Gs, poss G's dgiz

gab gaeb gabbed gaebd

'genz^byo,

ES

-a;

-^bar-;,

-jbAr-, -jby-; Brit -bara, -bra

|

gabardine, -ber- 'gteba'jdin, jgaeba^'din;

ES

gabble 'gaebl

gabby

Gairdner

'gardna^,

'g2rd-,

'gaerd-;

ES

'ga:dna(r, 'gaead-, E-i-'ga:d-, 'gead-

-ba|-d

-d

'gaebhg, 'gaeblig

|-ling

gable 'gebl

gait get Igaited 'getid gaiter 'geta^;

'gaebi

-d

|-d

ES

'geta(r

Gains 'geas, 'gaias

|-ling 'geblig, 'geblig

j-'s

-iz

Gabriel 'gebrial

gala 'gela

gad, G- gaed gadded 'gaedid

galactic ga'laektik

gadabout 'gaeda^baut

galactose ga'laektos

Gadarine jgaeda'rin, 'gaeda^rln

Galahad

Gades 'gediz

Galapagos ga'lapa/gos {Sp ga'lapagas)

|

|-es' -iz

gadfly 'gaedjflai

'gaelajhaed

Galashiels jgaela'Jilz

gadget 'gaedsit

Galatea

gadolinium jgaedaUinistn, -^linjam

Galatia ga'le/a, ga'lejia- |-tians -/anz, -Jianz

^gaela'tia

Gadsden 'gaedzdan

Galax, g- 'gelaeks

Gadshill 'gaedz^hil

galaxy 'gaelaksi |-xian ga'l^eksian

|-'s

gadzooks 'gaed'zuks, 'gaed'zuks

Galba

Gaea

gale gel |galed geld

'djia

Gaekvvar 'dsikwar;

ES

Galen

'dsikwarCr

'gaelba

'gelan, 'gelin

Gael gel Gaelic 'gelik jGaelicist 'gelasist

galena, G- ga'lina

gaff gaef gaffed gaeft

Galesburg 'gelzbyg;

|

|

ES

gaffer 'gaefa^;

-iz |-ias ga'l^eksias

ES

-bsg, -byg

Galicia ga'lijia, -'hja |-cian -Jian, -Jan

'gaef a (r

gaff-topsail 'gaef'tapsl, -jsel;

ES+-'tDp-

Galilee 'gaela^li [Galilean jgaela'lian

gag gaeg gagged gaegd

Galileo jgaela'lio {It igali'kro)

|

gage gads gages 'gedsiz gaged gedsd Gaia 'gea, 'gaia

galingale 'gaelin^gel, 'gaelig^gel

gaiety 'geati gaily 'geli

gall gal

1

|

Gallon 'gaelian

|

gaillardia

ES

gi-;

-^lardia,

E+

|-ful -fal

Gainesville 'genzvil;

|

-fully -fab

S+-vl

gainly 'genii

acd + 'gain jsay,

-jsaid

See in full §§3^7.

jbath baeG;

E

gallant adj 'amorous' ga'laent, 'gaelant

gallant n 'gaelant, ga'laent |-ry 'gaelantn gallant v ga'laent |gallanted ga'laentid

gainsay gen'se |-says -'sez, -'sez |-said -'sed,

Key:

Gall gal, gal, gael gallant adj 'brave' 'gaelant

-'la:d-

gain gen |-ed -d

-'sed,

galled gald I

ge'lardia,

Gallatin 'gaslatin galleass 'gaeli,aes, 'gaebas |-es -iz

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr}' 'seg-gri baG (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj", wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

— galleon

gaol

179

galleon 'gaehan, ^gaeljsn

Gambia

gallery 'gaelari, -ki |-ied -d

Gambler

galley 'gaeh

'gaembi«3 'gaem,bir;

ES

-jbi3(r; /oc-t-gaem-

'bir

gambler 'gaemjbir; ES -jbi3(r gambit 'gaembit gamble 'gaembl [-d -d |-ling

gallfly 'gDljflai

Gallia 'gaeha galliard 'gaelja^d;

ES

'gaeljad

ES

galHardise 'gaelja^djiz; gallic,

—

gambrel 'gaembral [gambreled 'gaembrald Gambrinus gaem'brainas |-'s -iz

G- 'gaehk

Gallicism 'gaelajSizam Galli-Curci

'gah'kurtji,

'gaeli'kytji;

ES

-'ku3-, -'k3-, -'ky-; {It 'galll'kurtji)

game gem |-d -d [-some -sam gamecock 'gem^kak; ES-i--/kDk

ES

gallimaufry jgaeb'mofri

gamester 'gemsta^;

gallinaceous jgaeb'nejas

gamete 'gaemit, ga'mit, gae'mit gamin 'gaemin {Fr ga'mse)

gallinule 'gaelajojul, -^niul, -^nul

gamma

Gallipoli gsUipali, ga'hpajli Gallipolis

jgaelapa'lis

gallipot 'gaebipat;

Gallitzin

Pa

|-lis's

ES

'gaema^;

gamut 'gaemat

gallivant 'gaebjvaent, jgaelaVaent |-ed -id

gamy

gall-less 'gallis

gan gaen

gallnut 'galjHAt

Gananoque

'gemi jgaena'nok, /oc.-i--'nakwi {Fr ga-

na'nak)

galloglass 'gaelojglaes |-glasses -jglaesiz

gander

gallon 'gaebn

'gaenda^;

Gandhi 'gandi,

gallop 'gaebp galloped 'gaebpt |

Galloway 'gaeb^we

ES

gallows 'gaebz, -az

]

-glasses -jglaesiz

gallowses rare 'gaebziz. |

gallus 'gaebs [galluses 'gaebsiz

gang gaeo [ganged gaegd [ganging 'gaegig gange gaends [-s -iz [-d -d Ganges 'gaendsiz [Ganges' 'gaendsiz

gallstone 'galjSton

gangling 'gaegglig

Gallup 'g«bp

gangHon j-li

'gaendaCr

'gandi, 'gaendi, 'gaendi

ganef 'ganaf-

gallowglass 'gasbjglaes

Gallus 'gaebs

'gaema(r

gammon 'gaeman Gamp gaemp

ES + -jpiot

ga'litsm

\dial.

'gemstaCr

'gaema

gammer

-Uisiz

gallium 'gaeliam

-bziz

'gaemblio.

'gaemblio

'gaeljad^iz

[-gly -gli

'gaegglian [ganglia 'gaegglia

gangplank 'gaeg^plaegk

-lai |-'s -iz

gangrene 'gaeggrin,

galop 'gaebp galoped 'gaebpt

gaeg'grin,

'gaen-,

gaen-

|

galore ga'br, -'br;

ES

-'b3(r, E-h-'baCr

galosh ga'laj; ES-h-'IdJ;

|-es -iz

Galsworthy

'gaelz-;

'galz^ws'tJi,

l-d-d gangster 'gaegsta^;

ES

-jWstSi,

ES

'gaegsta(r

gangue gaeg

-jwySi; Dev 'gaelzari galumph ga'lAmf [galumphed ga^Umft Galvani gaelVani {It galVami)

gangway

galvanic gael'vaenik [galvanism 'gaelv3iniz3m

ganoid 'gaenaid [ganoidal ga'naidl

galvanize 'gaslvajnaiz

Gans gaenz

|-s

ganof 'ganaf

-iz |-d -d

galvanometer jgaelva'namata';

ES

'gaeg^we

gannet, G- 'gaemt

-'namatCr,

-'nom-; |-metry -matri

[-'s

-iz {Ger

Gansevoort 'gaensvurt; gantlet 'gaentlit

gantline 'gaentjlain

Galveston

gantry 'gaentn

Ganymede

Galway 'galwe gam gaem [gammed gaemd

'gaena^mid

^'

Gambetta gaem 'beta

•with hot Irons, in

ful [tooth tu6 [further

-vuat

gaol djel [gaoled A^eXA, formerly gel, geld

Gamaliel ga'mehal, gaWeljal

[full

ES

see gauntlet

galvanoscope gaelVaenajskop, 'gaelvana^skop 'gaelvistn, 'gaelvastn

gans)

'fa^'Sa^;

ES

'fstJa

Some, .again are boring

their very

Noses

rage that they cannot corns

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

—

—

a Resolution, whether they

gaolbird 'dselibyd;

ES

garrulity ga'rulati, ga'riulati

American

garrulous 'gaeralas, 'gaerjalas

Garry 'gaen garth gare;

-iz |-d -d

[-s

in

general

not

is

by a longer

cultivated use.

ES

gas V gaes [gasses 'gaesiz [gassed gaest

ga:b; j-ed -d

ES

ES

Gascoigne gaes'kain, 'gaeskain, 'gaeskin

^gaibids

'ga:bl; |-d -d ]

Gascon 'gaeskan [Gascony 'gaeskani

ling -bho,

gasconade ^gaeskan'ed |-aded -'edid

-bill)

ES

garboard 'gar^bord, -^bard;

gash gaej [gashes

Garcia 'gar/ia,

{Am Sp

gaseous 'gaesias, 'gaesjas,

^garjboad.

E+-jb33d Col gar'sia;

-/a, -sia,

ES

-a:-:

ES

'ga:dn,

gardener, G- 'gardna^, 'gardna^;

ES

gardenia gar'dinia, -nja;

Gardiner 'gardna^,

gasiform 'gaesajfarm;

ES

-^faam

Gaskell 'gaeskl

'ga:d-

gasket 'gaeskit [gasketed 'gaeskitid

gasKght

ga'din-

'gardna^,

ES

'gardina^;

ES

-lene

;gaes)'m,

'gaesl^in,

gasometer gaes'amata^;

ES

gasp gaesp; E+gasp, gasp;

ES

ga'gaentfua;

-'amata(r, -'oma-

[-ed -t

Gaspe gaes'pe {Fr gas'pe) ('Gasjpe gaspergou ^gaespa^'gu, 'gaespa^jgu;

-n

ES

gargle 'gargi;

'ga:gl; |-d -d |-ling

?liO.

ES 'gaigail; [-d Gargrave 'gargrev; ES 'gargrev

US

'gaestan;

Fr name

gass'tan, -'tan,

gastric 'gaestnk [gastritis gaes'traitis

gastroenteritis 'gaestrojcnta'raitis

garish

gastronomic

ES

garlic 'garhk;

S 'gaerij

ES

'garland; |-ed -id

l-al -1

jgaestra'namik;

j-ed -id

ES 'ga:na(r; |-ed -d ES 'ga:nit; |-ed -id garnish 'garnij; ES 'ga:ni/; |-es -iz garnishee igarni'Ji; ES iga:-; |-d -d garniture 'garnit/a^; ES 'gamit/aCr Garrard 'gaera^d; ES 'gaerad

gastroscope 'gaestra^skop

garnet 'garnit;

gat gaet gate get [gated 'getid [-way -jwe gate-leg 'getjkg [gate-legged 'getjegd

Gath

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

E

'gaetJa^;

ES

'gae?ia(r;

j-ed

-d

[-ing

'gaeting, 'gaeSarig

Gatling

'gaerit |-sville -s,vil

[bath baeG;

gaee

gather

garret 'gaerit

Garrett

ES + -'trDnami

gastropod 'gaestrajpad; ES-F-jpod

garner 'gorna^;

1-ed -t

ES + -'nDinik;

l-aUy -h, -ikh

gastronomy gaes'tranami;

'ga:bk

garment 'garmant; ES 'ga:mant;

-pa-

-'ton {Fr gas'to)

-d

Garibaldi ^gaera'baldi (// jgari'baldi)

garland, G- 'garland;

'tourist)

ES

gastight 'gaes'tait ('gasjtight 'joint)

Gaston

-glio

gargoyle 'gargail;

'gerij", 'gaerij;

'gaez-,

ta(r

'ga:fild

gar'gaent/ua ;

'gaesjlait [-lighted -jlaitid

gasohne, jgaez-

Gardner 'gardna^; ES 'ga:dn3(r Gareth 'gaeriG, 'gaeraO Garfield 'garfild;

ES

-dm

'ga:dn3(r, -dn3(r, -din3(r

Gargantua

'gaez-

'gae/iz [gashed gaejt

gasify 'gaesa^fai |-fied -^faid

gar'sia)

garden 'gardn, 'gardin;

|-n

e.

gas n gaes [gases 'gaesiz [gassy 'gaesi

garbage 'garbids; garble 'garbl;

-d

Gary 'g£ri, 'g2:ri, 'gaen, 'gen; S 'gen, 'gaen Some speakers distinguish Gary /row Gerry

The fidly Anglicized 'gaeridj 'kaerids)

'gserand

garb garb;

ES 'ga:ta(r; |-ed ES gaiG; |-ths -Os

garter 'garta^;

ga:(r

garage ga'ras, ga'radj, 'gaeras

Garand

garrote, -tte ga'rot, ga'rat; ES+-'rDt; [-d -id

see

gapingstock 'gepig^stak, 'gaep-;

carriage

a (fa:m)

('ken, §94)

garrison 'gaerasn |-ed -d

gaup ES+-jStDk

gaept

|

{Fr ga'rais)

N with e

Garrick 'gaerik

shall say.

-^bsd, -^byd

gap gaep [gapped gaept gape gep, gaep gaped gept,

{of

pronounced in

that have ae before r (carry 'kaeri) are often

Jayl or Gaol."— i?. UEstrange {OED).

ES

E with

in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in

Words below Words below

gar gar;

Gatling

180

gaolbird

to

—

.

bee bi [pity

baO (§10) jah a

[far

'piti (§6)

'gaetlig

[rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gn

far [watch watj",

wutj

(§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

—

—

Genevieve

181

Gatun Gatun ga'tun

geld n geld

gauche goj

geld V geld [gelded 'geldid or gelt gelt

gaucherie jgoja'ri, 'gojajri {Fr goJVi)

Gelderland 'gelda'land;

Gaucho 'gaut/o gaud god gaudy

gelding 'geldig

ES

'gelda-

gelid 'dselid |-ity dsa'lidati, dse-

'gadi |-ed -id

I

ES

'gofa^, 'gnfa', 'gafa';

gauffer

-faCr; [-ed -d

gauge geds jgauges 'gedsiz Igauged gedsd Gaul gal gaunt, G- gant, gont, gant cf gantlet

gauntlet 'gantht, 'gnnt-, 'gant

gaup gap Igauped gapt see gape gauss gaus [gausses 'gausiz Gauss Christian, Karl gaus; Clarence gas l-'s

gelt past b' pptc of geld gelt

gem dsem jgemmed dsemd

-fang, -frig

|-ing

geminate

n, adj

geminate

v

gemination idsema'nejan

Gemini 'd5emainai, as gemot,

-e

-an,

-ri

(Fr sa'darm)

gender 'dsenda^;

Gautama 'gatama gauze gaz gauzes 'gaziz gauzy

'dsimani

intj

ga'mot

gemsbok 'gemzbak; ES+-bDk gendarme 'sandarm; ES -da:m, E+-da:m; [-ry

-iz

'dsemanit

'dsema/iiet [-d -id

ES -dad;

|-ed -d |-ing

-dang,

-drig

'gazi

|

|

gave gev

gene dsin

gavel 'gaevl |-ed -d |-ing 'gaevlig, 'gaevhg

genealogical

jdsenia'ladsikl,

-'lods-; |-ly

gavelkind 'gaevl^kaind

genealogy

Gawain 'gawin, 'gawin gawk gak gawky 'gaki

jdsini'aeladsi,

ES+-'d1-;

^dsini-;

ES+

-i

[-gist -st;

-'aladsi;

jdseni-,

The a

or

n sound

is

|

gay ge Igayety Gaza Palestine

'geati

Mozambique 'gaza

'geza,

genera pi of genus 'dsenara general M3enaral, 'dsenral |-cy -si

gaze gez gazes 'geziz gazed gezd |

|

gazelle ga'zel

generalissimo jd3enararisajmo, ^dsenral-

gazette ga'zet [gazetted ga'zetid gazetteer ^gaeza'tir;

ES

-'tia(r,

Gdynia ga'dinja, -ma {Pol

ES

gear gir;

gia(r,

S+-HEa(r [-ed

-d

|-sliift

jdsenarala'zejan,

'dsenaral^aiz,

|-'s

generally 'dsenaralti, 'dsenralti

-iz

gee dsi |geed dsid

generate 'dsenajret

geese gis [geese's 'gisiz

generation ^dgena're/an

geest gist

generic dsa'nerik

ES

'gea-;

[-'s

ES

'ger-;

'gy-,

^g3-,

[-al -1 [-ally -Ii, -ikli

ES

G- 'dsenasis

\pl

geneses 'dgena^slz

Genest, Genet dsa'net, sa'ne {Fr 3a 'ne)

'gaia-

genet, -tte M3enit, dsa'net

Geikie 'giki geisha 'ge/a

genetic dsa'netik

gel chem. dsel [gelled djeld

geneticism dsa'netajSizam

Mselatn

[-(e)d

Geneva dsa'niva

-d

[-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli [-s -s

[-cist -sist

[-van -van

gelatinate dsa'laetrijet j-d -id [-nous -as

Genevese jd3ena'viz

gelation dsEl'eXan, dsa'l-

Genevieve 'dsenajviv, jd3enaViv

[full

-a(r

Genesee jdsena'si ('Gene^see 'River) Genesee jdjena'sio genesis,

-iz

Geierstein 'gaia^^stain;

gelatin, -e

ES

generous 'dsenaras, 'dsenras

Gehenna gi'hena 'gykinz,

[-d -id [-tor -3^;

generosity jdsenaVasati; ES+-'rDS-

'giza(r

Geffrey 'dsefri

Gehrkens

-iz

|-s

generally Msenarali, 'dsenrali

'gediz, -is

'giza",

Msenral-

j-d-d

gecko 'geko

geezer

Msenral-,

-ai'z-

generalize

-Jrft

Geauga dsi'aga Geddes

generality jdsenaVaelati generalization

'gdijia)

S+ge3(r;

found in all parts of the US and in Canada. The -ology words have influenced it.

ful [tooth tu8 [further 'fytia';

ES

'fstJa

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy

Visan [Eden

'Idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

— Genevieve Genevieve,

-vicve

saint

{Fr

'dsena^viv

33nVJ£:v)

Genghis

genus 'd3in3s

\pl

genera 'dsEnara

Khan

'djEn-giz^kan, 'dseggiz-

geocentric jdsio'sEntnk

geode 'dsiod

chin' dsi'naial

lite

geodesic jdsia'dEsik, -'dis-

|-al -}

geniality jdsini'aelati, -n'jael-, -nji'aelati

geodesist dsi'adasist; ES-i--'Dd-

genie 'dsenik

geodesy dsi'adssi; ES+-'Dd-

geniculate adj dss^nikjalit

geodetic jdsia'dEtik

genie 'dsim

Geoffrey 'dsEfri

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

genii 'dsinijai

geographer dsi'agrafa^, -'og-;

genital 'dsEnatl

geographic ^dsia'graefik

genitival jdsena'taivl j-ly -i

geography dsi'agrafi, -'og-

genitive MsEnativ

geoid 'dsiaid

geni to-urinary jdsEnato'jura^nEri

geologic

geniture 'dssnitja'; 'dsinjas,

ES

+ -ni3s

Gennesaret ga'nEsarit, dsaGenoa Italy 'djenawa, dsa'noa 'd3£:nova)

;

US

|-'s

-iz

\pl

'spirits' genii 'dsinijai

{It

Geneva

ES-|--'lDd3-;

geologize

ES + -'d1-;

d3i'alajd3aiz;

ES

-S3(r; |-cy -si

-'amataCr, -'om-

|-al -j !-ally -li,

geometrician jd3i3m3'trij"3n, d3ijani3-;

l-d

ES + -'Dm-;

|-s

-iz

geophysics ^dsio'fiziks

|-ly -'tilk, -'till

ES + -'pd1-

geopolitics jdsio'palatiks;

gentian 'dsenjan, -/lan

geoponic jdsia'panik; ES-h-'ponik;

|-al -1

ES dsoads; |-'s -iz Georgette d33r'd3Et; ES dsaaGeorgia 'd33rd33, -d3i3; ES 'd333d3-; ]-n -n Georgiana d33r'd3aen3, -d3i'aen3; ES d333georgic, G- 'd33rd3ik; ES 'd333-; |-al -1 George d33rd3;

G- Msentail

ME

'dsenti^kssa

gentility dsen'tilati

gentle 'dsentl |-d -d j-ling -tlig, -tlig

|-r -tla^;

-tl3(r; 1-st -tlist, -thst

gentlefolk Msentljfok

j-s

geostatic jd3i3'st£etik

-s

gentleman 'dsentlman |-men -man

j-ly

-h

gentlewoman 'dsentljwuman, -jwu- [-men see

ES +

-d

gentes pi of gens 'dstntiz

-jWimin, -an

-ikh

geometry d3ram3tri; ES-h-'omgeomorphic jd3i3'in3rfik; ES -Waa-

Genseric 'djensarik, 'gen-

gent dsent

ES

-iz

geology d3i'al3d3i; ES-h-'dI-

geometrize d3i'ain3jtraiz; gentes ^dsentiz

gentilesse 'dsentj^es,

\-s

-jom-

genro 'gen'ro

gentile,

-I

[-al

geologist dsi'aladsist; ES-i--'d1-

geometric jd3i3'm£trik |-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikli

genre '3anr3 {Fr 5a:r)

genteel dsenHil

-ikb

-ikh

geometer dsi'amata^;

genotype 'dsenOjtaip

\pl

-faCr

dsibidl

geomancer 'd3ia,maens»; ES

dsa'noa

genotypic jdseno'tipik

ES

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

i-d-d

Genoese jdsena'wiz

gens dsenz

|-al

jdsia'ladsik;

l-ally -h,

-t/alr

'spirit'

geniuses 'dsinjasiz,

-ikh

|-al -1 |-ally -Ii,

geochemistry jdsio'kEnustri

|-ly -i

genial 'generative' 'dsinial

genius

\less freq.

-es -iz

genial 'cheerful' 'dsinjal

genial 'of

gerent

182

woman

[-s

-s

geosyncline jd3io'sinklain |-nal -sin'klainl

ES + -'tDnES + -'trDpik

geotectonic jdsiotEk'tanik;

geo tropic jdsb'trapik;

gently 'dsentli

geotropism d3i'atr3jpiz3m; ES-F-'nt-

gentrice

gerah

'dsentris

gentry 'dsentri

'gira, 'giro

Geraint d33Vent

genuflect 'djenjujfkkt |-ed -id

Gerald 'd3Er3ld

genuflection, -flexion jdsEniujflEkJan

geranium d33Veni3m, -njam Gerard d33'rard; ES -'ra:d, E-f--'ra:d; Brit +

genuflexuous ^dsEnju'tlekJuas

genuine MjEnjuin |-ineness 'dsEnjuinnis

Genung dsi'nAg

Key:

E

'd3Era:d, -rsd

gerent 'd3ir3nt

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret jyet JEt |sang saei) |angr\' 'aeo'g" baO (§10) |ah a |far far [watch wat/, wntj" (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gDrd3 [go go

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeG;

|-ine -jin, -in

gerfalcon

gigolo

183

gerfalcon

ES

-^fakan;

^d^j^tiolkan,

'd33-,

Gethsemane geG'sEmani

ES

Gergesenes 'gyga^sinz;

Gerhard 'gyhard; ES 'gshard, 'gy-, E+-ha:d

gewgaw geyser

germ dsym; ES dssm, ds^m german 'ds^man; ES 'dssm-, 'dsymGerman 'djyman; ES 'ds^m-, 'dsym-; -jizsm

'gjuga, 'giu- |-ed -d |-ry -ri 'spring'

Brit 'giza^;

-a(r j-ful -fal |-fully -fall

E + 'gast-,

ghastly 'gaesth;

water-heater

'gaisa^,

'gaiza^,

ES

ghast arch, gaest |-ism

'gast-

ghat, ghaut gat

1-y -I

germander dsa^'maenda^; ES dsa'mfendaCr germane ds^'men, dsa^-; ES dsa-, dsy-,

ghazi,

ghee

G-

'gazi

gi

Ghent Belg

dsa-; |-maneness -'mennis

Germanic d33''maenik,

ES

d^d^-;

dss-, dsy-,

gent,

gherkin 'gykin;

O

djent

ES

'gsk-, 'gyk-

ghetto 'geto

d33-

germanium dsa^'meniam, -njam; ES

dss-,

Ghibelline 'giblin, -jin

Ghoorka 'gurka; ES 'guaka

ds^-

Germantown

'dsyman^taun;

ES

'dssm-,

'dsymgermen 'dsymin, -an; ES 'dssm-, 'dsym-; |-s -z |-mina -mina

ES 'dssm-, 'dsymES Mssm-, Msym-;

ghost gost |-ed -id

ghoul gul

Ghurka ghyl

'gurka;

giant 'dsaiant

giaour d3aur; gib,

l-ly -I

germinant ^dss'manant; germinate 'dsyma^net;

ES ES

'dsam-, 'dsym'dssm-, ^dsym-;

jd5yma'nej'an;

ES

jdsam-,

ES

-iz

|-'s

|-ess -is

ES

|

-esses -isiz

dsauaCr

G- gib

gibber v 'jabber' 'dsiba', 'giba^; -d 1-ing -bang, -brig

ES

-ba(r; |-ed

|-ish -barij, -brij"

ES

'giba(r

gibbet 'dsibit |-ed -id gibbosity gi'basati; gib-cat 'Gilbert

'dserad

ES + -'bDS-;

|-bous 'gibas

cat' 'gib/kaet

gibe dsaib [gibed djaibd

Gerrold» 'dserald

Gerry 'gen

Gibeon 'gibian

gerrymander 'gerijinaenda', 'dseri-; ES -da(r Gertrude 'gytrud; ES 'gst-, 'gyt-

giblet 'dsibht

gerund 'dserand, -And

Gibson 'gibsn giddy 'gidi

'dsirian,

'guaka

gibbon, G- 'giban

jdsymGerontius dsaVantias; ES+-VDn-; 'dsera^^d;

ES

gibber n 'hump' 'giba^;

|-d -id |-tive -IV

germination

-h

'ravine' gil

germinal

'ds^manl;

|-ly

|-ish -i/

germicide 'ds^maiSaid;

Geryon

-ibsg, -jbyg

getup 'getjAp

'gs-, 'gy-

Gerizim ga'raizim, 'gerazim

Gerrard

ES

Gettysburg 'getiz^byg;

'dsy-

|-ive

'genan

|-es

dsa'rAndiv dsiVaiajniz, ga-

|-ites -^aits

Gibralter dsib'ralta';

gest, -e dsEst

Gideon 'gidian

Gestapo ga'stapo (Ger ga'/tapo)

Gielgud 'gilgud

gestate 'dsestet |-d -id |-tion dses'te/an

gier-eagle 'dsir^igl

ES

-ta(r

-z |-ite -^ait

j-s

gesticulate dsEs'tikjaJet |-d -id

gift gift

gesticulation jdsestikja'le/an, dsesjtik-

gig gig gigged gigd

gesticulatory dsEs'tikjabjton, -itari; S -^tori

gigantean jdsaigaen'tian |-tesque -^tesk

gestion 'dsestjan

gigantic

gesture 'dsEst/a^;

ES

djai'gaentik

j-ally

get get \past got gat, arch, gat gaet \pptc got

— in un-

stressed position often git (wi jk^ent git 'in)

('gi-

gigantomachy jdsaigaen'tamaki; ES-t--'tDmgiggle 'gigl 1-d -d -ling 'giglig, 'giglig I

giglet 'gight

getaway 'getajwe

gigolo 'djigajlo {Fr siga'lo)

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fytJ*;

-ikli

gigantism 'dsaigaenjtizam, dsai'gaentizam

get-at-able gHt'aetabl, git'aetabl

|full

-li,

jgantic 'hound)

-tXa(r; |-d -d

gat or gotten 'gatn; ES+gDt(n)

gifted 'giftid I

1

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow

hau

[toy tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz jdish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

— gigue

Glamis

184

gigue 3ig

girafife dsa'raef;

Gila 'hib

girandole 'dsiran^dol

gilbert,

Gilbert

G- 'gilba^t; ES -bat and EUice Islands

^ailsndz, -Isnz;

ES

ES

ES

Girard d33'rard; 'gilba^tn'ehs-

gyd

gird 'encircle'

E+-Va:d

-'ra:d,

\past b° pptc girt

gyt or

girded 'gydid; |ES -3-, -y-

-bat-

Gilbertian gil'bytian;

E+-'raf, -'raf

gird

-'bat-, -'byt-

Gilboa gil'boa

gyd; ES gsd, gyd;

'sill' 'sneer'

girdle 'gydl;

Gilchrist 'gilkrist

-dlig,

gild gild gilded 'gildid or gilt gilt

-djaCr

ES

-dlig

|-ler

|-ed -id

'gydl; |-d -d l-hng

'gsdl,

-dja^;

-dla^,

ES

-db(r,

I

Gilead 'giliad Giles dsailz

girl gyl,

|-ites -^aits

ES

gal, gyl, geal;

ES gst, gyt; |-ed -id ES gsO, gyB; |-ths -Gs |-ed -t gi'zarm; ES -'za:m, E-t--'za:m

girt gyt;

dgil

Jack 6= Gill dsil

girth gye;

gisarme

gill 'ravine' gil gill

gerl;

Girondist dsa'randist; ES-h-'ron-

Gilfillan gil'fibn gill 'quarter pint'

Gill

mu£h lessfreq.

|-hood -hud

-iz

|-'s

Gissing 'gisig

of a fish gil Igilled gild

Gillespie gi'lespi

gist d3ist

Gillett, -e dsa'let, 'dsilit

gittern 'gita^n;

Gillian 'dsiban, -Ijan

give giv Igave gev [given 'givan

gillie,

-y 'servant,'

Gilliss 'gilis

|-'s

'serve' 'gili |-d

'gitan

give-and-take 'givan'tek

-d

giveaway 'giva^we

-IZ

given 'givan

gill-less 'gilbs

gillyflower 'dsili^flaua^, -^flaur;

ES

-jflau-3(r,

Giza

'giza |Gizeh 'gize

gizzard 'giza^d;

-jflau3(r gilt

ES

past &= pptc of gild gilt

ES

'gizad

glabrous 'glebras

gilt-edged 'gilt'edsd ('gilt-hedged 'book)

glace glae'se {Fr gla'se)

gimbals 'dsimblz, 'gim-

glacial 'gle/al, -Jial |-ly -i

gimcrack 'dsinijkraek

glaciate 'gle/ijct |-d -id

gimlet 'gimlit |-ed -id

glacier

gimmal 'giml, 'dsiml |-ed -d gimmick 'ginuk gimp 'trimming' gimp |-ed -t gin 'begin' gin \past gan gsen

'gleJV;

ES

glacis 'glesis, 'glaesis {Fr gla'si) |-es -iz |

\pptc

gun gAn

gladden, G- 'glaedp j-ed -d |-ing 'glaednig, -dnig

gin liquor djin

glade gled

Ginevra dsi'nevra

gladiator 'glaedijeta^;

ES

-d33(r; |-ly -h [-bread

gingival d3in'd3aivl, 'd3ind39vl

Gladiolus

gb'daiab

tlie

gingko, ginko 'gigko, 'dsigko

gladsome 'glaedsam Gladstone

Ginn gin

stone

'glaed^ston,

pronounced

Giotto 'd3ato, 'd5Dto {It 'd33tto)

Gladys

gip d3ip |-ped -t

glair gler, glaer;

E

-lai

-Jai

W. E.

name

Glad-

'glad^ston

'glaedis

|-'s

E

-iz

gka(r,

ES

glaea(r; |-ed -d

ES+-Dn

glaive glev Iglaived glevd

Glamis Scotl glamz, in Shak. 'glamis

in full

|-li

|-eous -las |-y -i

-t

gipsy 'd3ipsi

Ibath baeG;

-stan his

\pl -li

{Wyld).

ginseng, -sing 'dsinsEi), -sig

Key: See

\pl -s -z

genus gb'daiabs

gink gigk

gipon d5i'pan, 'd3ipan;

-jeta(r

gladiolus plant jgl^edi'obs \pl -es -iz

|-ed -d

gip 'cut fish' gip |-ped

ES

gladiatorial ^glaedia 'tonal, -'tar-; S -'tor-

gladiola jglaedi'ob,

-jbred |-snap -jsnaep

gingham 'gigam

tmcally

glad glaed gladded 'glaedid

gin machine dsin [ginned dsind

ginger 'd3ind33^;

Brit

'gleJaCr;

'glasja

'glaesia,

§§3^7.

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

[far

'piti

|-'s

-iz

(§6) )rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg langr}' 'ag-gri

far |watch watj",

wot/

(§12) |jaw d3a [gorge gDrd3 [go go

— — Glamorganshire Glamorganshire

glaWargan^/ir,

ES

-/a^;

glamorous 'glaemaras, ^glaemrss glamour, -mor 'glaema';

glib glib

Ighbbed ghbd

glide glaid |gUded 'glaidid

-'mD3g3njXia(r, -JaCr

ES

glim

gland glaend

glimpse glimps

ES 'glaendaz 'glaendsala'; ES 'glaendsalaCr;

glanders 'glaenda^z;

ES

-a(r

ES

-a(r; |-ed -d [-ing 'glim-

arig, 'glimrig

-iz |-d -t

|-s

|-r -a^;

gbm

glimmer 'ghma';

'glaem3(r

glance glaens; E+glans, glans;

glandular

Gloucester

185

-iz |-d -t

|-s

glint glint glinted 'glintid I

|-lous

-bs

glissade gli'sad, -'sed |-d -id

glissando gli'sando

\pl -di -di {pseitdo-It)

glandule 'glaendsul

glisten 'glisn |-ed -d |-ing 'glisnig, -snig

glans glaenz \pl glandes ^glaendiz

glister 'glista^;

Glansdale 'glaenzjdel, -dl glare gkr, glaer;

E

gleaCr,

Glarus Swtz 'glaras 'glaeras

|-'s

ES

glaeaCr; ]-d -d

Glaris gla'ris),

{,Fr

ES -ta(r;

|-ed -d |-ing 'glistarig,

'ghstrio

Wis

ES

glitter 'glita^;

gloam glom

-ta(r; |-ed

-d

|-ed -d |-ing -ig

gloat glot gloated 'gbtid

-iz

I

Glasgow

5n7+'gla-

'glaesgo, 'glaez-, 'glaesko,

glass glaes;

E+glas, glas;

I

|-ly -i

globate 'globet

|-es -iz |-ed -t

E + 'glas-, 'glas-; |-s -z 'glaes^haus; E + 'glas-, 'glas-;

glassful 'glaesjful;

glasshouse

global 'globl

-houses -jhauziz

I

globeflower 'glob^flaua^, -jflaur;

ES

-jflau-a(r,

-jflaua(r

ES

glassmaker 'glaes^meka';

-^mekaCr,

E+

globoid 'globoid globose 'globes, glo'bos |-bous 'globas

'glas-, 'glas-

glassman 'glaesman;

E + 'glas-,

'glas-;

|-men

-man

ES 'glabjala(r, 'globES + 'glnbglobulin 'glabjalin; ES + 'globGlocester 'glasta', 'gins-; ES -ta(r glockenspiel 'glakan^spil; ES + 'glok-; globular 'glabjala^;

globule 'glabjul;

glassware

'glaes jWef,

E

-jwaer;

-^weaCr,

-jwae3(r, 'glas-, 'glas-; S 'glaes;waea(r 'glaes jwyk;

glasswork

E + 'glas-,

ES

-^wyk,

-jwsk,

'glaesn-,

glomerate adj 'glamant, -mrit; ES+'glom-

-ban

Glaswegian glaes'widsan, -dsian

Glauber 'glauba^;

ES

glomerate

gleam glim

'gloria,

-'patri, -'petrai

|-ed -d

glorification jglorafa'ke/an, jgbr-; S iglor-

glorify 'glorajfai, 'gbr-; S 'glor-; |-lied -^faid

glebe glib

-her -jfaia^; I

|-ful

-fal

|-y -i

S 'gloria; [G- Patri

Gloriana jglori'aena, ^gbr-, -'ena; S jglor-

'gle33(r

glean glin |-ed -d

glee gli

'gbr-;

|-d -id

ES + jglom-

I

Gloria |

ES

ES+'glom-;

gloom glum gloomed glumd

glaze glez glazes 'gleziz glazed glezd |

v 'glama^ret;

glomeration jglama'rejan;

'glaub3(r

glaucoma gb'koms glaucous, G- 'gbkas glazier 'glesa^;

{Ger

'gbkanjpi:!)

'glas-

Glastonbury 'glfestan^ben,

I

|-d -id

globe glob globed globd

[-fully

-fall

I

-man -man

-men -man

glee V 'squint^ gli Igleed glid

ES

-jfai>a(r

glorious 'glorias, 'gbr-; S 'glor-

glory 'glori, 'gbri; S 'glori; |-ried -rid see agley

Glos. ahhr. for Gloucestershire glas, gins,

gbs

gloss gbs, gins |-es -iz |-ed -t

gleet glit glee ted 'glltid I

glossary 'glasan, 'gins-, 'gbs-

glen glen

Glencairn glen'kern, -'kaern;

E

-'kean,

ES

Glencoe

US

'glenko, Scotl glen'ko -a(r

Glengarry gkn'gaeri gley V 'sq^dni' glai Igleyed glaid

'glasta^, 'glos-;

-ta(r

ES+'gbtl ES + 'glnt-; j-s 'glatis; ES + 'glot-; |-es -iz

glottal 'glatl;

Glendower 'glendaua^, gkn'daua'; ES

jfull

Gloster Ga, La, Minn, Miss

ES

-'kaean

glottalize 'glatl^aiz; glottis

see agley

ful |tooth tue [further 'fytSa-;

ES

'fatJa

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision

Gloucester

'glasta^, 'glos-,

'gbs-;

-iz |-d -d

ES

-ta(r; in

[custom 'k\stam [while hwail [how hau [toy

Visan [Eden

'idi^

[cradle 'kredj [keep

'em

tai

'kipip

Glouster Engd

godown

186 'gbs- -shire

loc.

-i/ir, -/a^;

|

ES

-i/i3(r.

freq.

gan

— in unstressed position

(jlets gu'in), or

-/3(r

Glouster

ES gUvd

1

go-ahead

'goa'hed

adj

('gq-a'head

1

ES

Gloversville 'glAva^z^vil;

'go-ajhead

-vaz-

1

ES

'glau'3(r;

[-ed

-d |-ing

goal gol |-ed -d, children''s game +gul

goalkeeper 'goljkipa';

'glaurig, 'glauarig

ES

glowfly 'glojflai

goalless 'goUis

glowworm 'glojwym; ES -jwam, -jwym gloxinia, G- glak^siiua, -nja; ES+glok-

goat got

gloze gloz Iglozes 'gloziz Iglozed glozd

goatherd 'got^hyd;

glucinum, -nium glu^samam, -'siniam, gliu-

goatsbeard 'gots^bird;

ES

Gluck gluk

goatsucker 'gotjSAka'; gob, G- gab; ES-f gob

glue glu, gliu |-d -d

gobbet 'gabit;

Glueck gluk

gobble 'gabl;

glum gUm glume glum, glium glut gUt Iglutted 'gUtid

-Jaad, -^ha-d

ES -jbiad, S+'^bead ES -^sAka(r

ES + 'gobit ES + 'gobl;

gobbler 'gabla^;

ES

Gobi

goblet 'gabht; ES-t-'gnb-

glycerol 'glisajtol, -^ral, -fv\

goblin 'gablin;

'gobi, 'gobi

ES + 'gnb-; In

Annie' Riley protioimced

glyceryl 'glisajril

glycine 'glaisin, glai^sin

goby

glycogen 'glaikadsan, -dsin

go-by 'gOjbai

glycol glaikol, -kal, -knl

gocart 'gOjkart;

glycoprotein jglaikaVrotiin

god gad, god

glyph ghf

God

'dsi^maen |-men -jinen loc.

'Little OrpJtant

'gabajlm.

'gobi

gad, god,

ES

-jka:t, E-i--jka:t

gad

less freq.

godchild 'gadjtjaild, 'god-

dsi'nednjhAtn

{Ger

na:l, E-i-na:l; |-ed -d ^nae/iz

goddaughter

'gadjdata', 'god-;

goddess 'gadis, 'god-

-hiitten 'gnazdan^hytan)

ES

it

Godalming 'gadlmig, 'god-

1-al -1

gnash naej gnashes

(^Fr

go-between 'gobajtwin

|-y -i

glycerin 'glisrin, -sarin |-ine -rm, -S3jrm

gnarl narl;

ES+'gob-;

ga'bl«)

glyceric gli'serik, 'ghsarik

Gnadenhutten 0,

[-ling -blig.

^gabla(r, 'gnb-

Gobbo 'gabo; ES+'gobo GobeHn 'gabalin, 'gob-;

glutinus ^glutinas, 'gliu-

G-man

-d

j-d

blio

gluten 'glutn, 'ghutn |-ous -as

glutton 'gUtn |-ous -as

-^kipaCr

goatee go'ti

glucose 'glukos, 'gku- ]-coside -ka^said

glyptic 'gliptik

jchap,

'spirit)

go-ahead n 'goa^hed

glow glo glowed glod glower 'glaua^;

gu

goad god goaded 'godid

'glaustaCr

'glausta^;

glove glAV gloved

often

ga (jkts ga'daun)

[gnashed

godfather

ES

-ta(r

|-es -iz

'gad.fa'Sa^,

'god-;

ES

-,fatJa(r,

E+-,fa(Ja(r

naej't

|

gnat naet

god-fearing

gnaw na [gnawed nad

]-er 'naa';

ES

^na'a(r

gnome nom

ES

-fa-;

Cgod-for^saken 'place)

gnomic 'nomik |-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli gnomon 'noman, ^nomon Gnossus ^nasas; ES + 'nos-; |-sus' -sas gnostic ^nastik; -ikli |-ism

ES + 'nos-;

Godfrey 'gadfri, 'godgodhead 'gadhed, 'god- |-hood -bed Godiva go'daiva

|-al -1 |-ally -li.

in fidl §§3-47.

E

godlike 'gadjaik, 'god-

godly 'gadli, 'godb

-ta,sizam

gnu nu, niu, nju go go [went went Igone gan, gnn, much

Key: See

S+-jferig,

'god-;

god-forsaken 'gadfa^'sekan, ^god-;

gneiss nais

Jbath baeO;

'gadjfing,

-,f jirig, -^f jerig

bee bi |pity

bae (§10) |ah a

|far

godmother 'gadjOiAS*, 'god-; ES less

'piti

godown

'a drink'

(§6) |rate ret

far |watch watj,

wo*/

[j'et

-jmA'Sa(r

'go^daun

jtt [sang saeg langrA' 'aeg-gri

(§12) |jaw d5a Igorge gards |go go

godown godown

gonfalonier jganfala'nir,

'warehouse' go'daun

godparent 'gadjperant, 'god-,

-jpaer-, -jper-

godson 'gadjSAn, 'godGodspeed 'gadjspid, 'god-,

Godward 'gadwa^d,

-'spid

ES -wad

'god-;

ES

Goethe

gonorrhea ^gana'ria, jgon-

'gO'3(r

Gonzaga gan'zaga

-iz

|-'s

goober 'guba^, 'guba^;

Goffe gaf, gof

|-ing

(It

ES

gon'dza:ga)

Gonzalo gan'zalo

'geti, 'g3t3 (Ger 'g0:ta)

goffer 'gafa^, 'gofa', 'gafa^;

Gog

-'nia(r,

lES + jgona'kokgonof 'ganaf, 'gon-

Goebbels Ger 'goebals Goethals 'goOslz

ES

jgon-;

S + -'n£a(r

gonfanon 'ganfanan, 'gongong gag, gog, gag |-ed -d gonococcus jgana'kakas \pl -cocci -'kaksai;

godsend 'gad^send, 'god-

goer 'goa^;

Gorgonzola

187

-d

-faCr; |-ed

ES

-ba(r

good gud goodly 'gudli I

good-by, -bye gud'bai

-fang, -frig

good deal

gag, gog, gag

go-getter 'golgEta^;

ES

goggle 'gagl, 'gog!

1-d

bargain'

'good

'gud'dil,

'much'

gu'dil

-'geta(r

goodhearted 'gud'hartid;

-d |-ling -glig, -glig

goggles 'gaglz, 'gog-

ES

-'ha:tid,

E+

-'lia:tid

Gogmagog 'gagmajgag, 'gogma^gog

good-humored 'gud'juma^d, -'hjuma'd; ES

Gogol 'gogal, 'gogol

-mad goodman 'gudman |-men -man

Goidelic gai'debk goiter, -tre 'gaita^;

ES

good-natured

'gaita(r; |-(e)d -d

Golconda gal'kanda ES -f gol'konda

goodness 'gudnis

gold gold, formerly guld

goldbeater 'gold^bita^;

ES

ES

'gud'netja^d;

|-es -iz

goods gudz

-jbita(r

golden 'goldn

good-tempered 'gud'tempa^d;

goldenrod 'goldn ^rad; ES+-jrDd

goodwife 'gudjwaif

goldfinch 'goldjfintj

Goodwin 'gudwin goody 'gudi Goodyear 'gudsir,

|-es -iz

goldfish 'goldjfij* |-es -iz goldilocks,

G-

-iz

j-'s

'goldijlaks;

ES-h-Joks;

|-'s

-iz

gold-plate V 'gold'plet -plated -'pletid

goldsmith, G- 'gold^smiG |-ths -6s

goof guf |-y

Goldwin, Gouldin 'goldwin, 'goldin

googly 'gugk

galf , golf, galf,

much

gof

less freq. gaf,

Golgotha 'galgaOa, goliard 'golja^d;

ES

'gudjir;

-ia(r,

S-i-

-I

goon gun

ES

goose gus

'gol-

Gollancz 'galants, -aents; ES-i-'gol-;

ES + -'loJ;

-IZ Igeese gis [geese's 'gisiz

'gusjberi,

'guz-,

-ban,

rarely

'guz-

ga'laiae

golosh ga'la/;

j-'s

gooseberry

'goljad

golliwog 'galijwag, -jwog;

|-'s

-iz

ES + 'gol-

gooseneck 'gusjnEk

\-es -iz

gopher

ES

-/hsd, -^hyd; for-

'gofa^;

ES

|-ed -t

-fa(r; j-ed

-d ]-ing ^gofarig,

ES 'gaadES goa(r, E-i-gaa(r; |-d -d gorge gards; ES gaads; j-s -iz |-d -d |-ous -as gorget 'gardsit; ES 'gaadsit; |-ed -id Gorgon 'gargan; ES 'gaagan Gorgonian gar'gonian, -njan; ES gaGorgonzola jgargan'zola; ES jgaaganGordian 'gardian, -djan;

-'lia(r,

S+

-'l£3(r

gone gan, gon, miich less freq. gan goneness 'gannis, 'gon-, much less freq. 'ganGoneril 'ganaral, 'gon-, -nl

gonfalon 'ganfalan, 'gonful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa-;

(using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish

ES

'gofrig

gondola 'gandala, 'gon- |-ed -d gondolier jganda'lir, ;gon-;

gooseherd 'guSihyd; merly 'gaza'd, 'goz-

Gomorrah, -rrha ga'mara, -'mar-, -'morgonad 'ganaed, 'gon-

|full

ES -Htmpad

see wife

Goop gup

|-ed -t

GoHath

—

-ea(r

|

goK

-'net/ad;

Cgood-jnatured 'dog)

;

ES

gore gor, gar;

'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

dij" [vision

hau

[toy tai

'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipip

— Gorham Gorham

'garam,

NH

governess 'gAva^nis;

ES

-ki 'garki;

government

'goaki

gormand 'garmand; ES ^gasmsnd

ES

gormandize 'garman^daiz;

'gDam-;

-S -IZ

gory

gaas;

'gori, 'gan;

|-s

S 'gori

goshawk 'gasjhak, Goshen 'gojan

governor

ES

^gasama(r, ^gos

ES + 'gos-; gossoon ga'sun; ES+gogot gat; ES+gDt Gotama 'gatama, ^got-

gossip 'gasap;

ES

'gaua^;

|-ed -t

gatn-

'jeta^baag, 'gatn>3g, -jbyg. 'gDt-;

ES

'gata^d;

loc.

'gAvana^

street

|-ed -d

'gatad,

'got-;

(Fr

-d |-ling 'graeblig, -blig

|-d

Gracchus 'graekas grace,

G- gres

|-'s

-iz \pl -chi 'graekai

-iz |-s -iz j-d -t

|-'s

gracile 'graesl, -il

gracious 'gre/as grackle 'graekl |-d -id

gradation gre'de/an |-ed -d

|-al -1 j-ally -li

grade gred [graded 'gredid

Gotland 'gatland, gotten 'gain;

Gradgrind, g- 'graedjgraind ]-ian -lan |-ism -jizam

'got-

ES + 'gotn

gradient 'grediant, -djant

Gotterdammerung Ger 'goetar^dEma/rur

gradual 'graedsual, -dsul

1

Gotthard

ES

'gata^d;

^gatad,

'got-

(Fr

graduate

—Brit +gud5

Gradus, g- 'gredas

|-es -iz

graham, G- 'gream grail grel

'gulaef, -laj |-es -iz

Gouldin = Goldwin 'goldin Gouldsboro 'guldz,byo, -a;

Me loc.

grain gren j-ed -d

ES

-jbar-, - jbAr-,

Gounod 'guno {Fr

grainery, -ary 'grenan, 'grenn

gu'no)

the 16c.

E

cf granarj'.

Both grainery, -ary and granary date from

'gulzbra

gourd gord, gard, gurd;

goad, gaad, guad;

In

US

'grenan, 'grenn appears

to

prevail.

gram graem

Sgoad 'gurmand;

ES ^guamand ;

(Fr

gramarye, -ry 'graeman

gourmet 'gurme; ES 'guame; (Fr gur^mE)

gramercy gra'mysi; ('Gramercy 'Park)

gout gaut

grammar

gur'ma)

NY

govern 'gAva^n;

jgAva^'nur;

ES

E

ES

jgAva^nua(r

'gAvan; |-ed -d

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeG;

[-d -id

graft graeft; E+graft, graft; j-ed -id

gaf , gnf, gaf

Gouverneur

-dsak

graduation jgraedju'e/an

gouge gauds Igouges 'gaudsiz Igouged gaudsd

gourmand

|-ly -i,

n, adj 'graedsuit, -jCt

graduate v 'graedsu^et

ga'ta:r)

Gottland ^gatland, ^gnt-

Key:

ES

'gAva^na^;

—a for & in

'go-a(r, 'gau-aCr

gradate 'gredet

'gotam

Gothic 'gaOik, 'gD0ik [-ism -GajSizam

-jbs'- ;

ES

grabble 'graebl

Gothenburg

or

ga'tarr)

Gough

^gAvna',

grab graeb [grabbed graebd

in Notts 'gatam, ^gotam,

goulash

'gAvana',

gown gaun

{Sw jflta'barj) Goth gaO, gne, gaO 1-ths -Os Gotham ^New York' ^gaOam, 'goeam, 'go8am. Gothard

in formal

gowan 'gauan Gowanda ga'wanda, go-, -'wonda Gower ME poet 'goa^, 'gaua'. Loud

Gosse gas, gos, gas

'jetajbarg

the leading

shows dissimilation {§121).

gosling ^gazlig, ^gnz-

jbyg;

'gAvamant among

US and England, even

'gAvana(r, 'gAvna(r;

gospel 'gaspl, 'gDS- |-ed -d

Goteborg

ES No

'gAvanmant; 'gAvmant;

public address.

'gns-

gossamer 'gasama^;

-iz

|-s

|-es -iz

competent observer can doubt the prevalence

statesmen of

-iz

'gAvanans;

'gAvanis;

'gAvanmant,

of 'gAvanmant,

ES

ES

'gAva^mant,

'gAvamant,

l-d-d gorse gars;

ES

governance ^gAva^nans;

'goram, ^garam

gorilla ga'rila

Gorky,

grammatical

188

'graema^;

ES

ES

-'mssi,

-'my si;

'graema(r

grammarian gra'mErian,

-'maer-, -'mer-

grammatical gra'maetikl

|-ly -i, -ikli

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr}- 'aeg-gn ba6 (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj, woij (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

— gramme

gratitude

189

ES

gramme graem gramophone, G- 'graemajfon

grandsire 'graen^sair, 'graend-;

Grampian 'graempian, -pjan 1-s -z grampus ^graempas \-es -iz Granada gra'nada (Sp gra'natJa)

grandstand 'graen^staend, 'graend-

granary

'graenari

grainery, -ary

Granary granarium;

Latin

from English

Granby 'graenbi; in Mass Gran Chaco 'gran'tjako grand graend,

Grand Teton

loc.

'graembi

granny 'graem

-iz

gra'nitik, grae-

E+ grant,

grant graent; {cf

j-tic

|-'s

grant; |-ed -id

Grant graent grantee graen'ti; E+gran-, gran-

ES

grantor 'graent*, graen'tar;

-i

grandam 'graendam grandame 'graendem, -dam

granular 'graenjala^;

grandaunt

'graend'aent, miich less freq. -'ant;

granulate adj 'graenjalit

-Wt,

granulate v 'graenjajlet |-d -id

E

-'ant,

-ta(r, -'taa(r.

E+gran-, gran-

-'aent

grandchild 'graen^tjaild, 'graend- [-ren

-it/il-

dran

ES

'graenjalaCr

granulation jgraenja'lejan

granule 'graenjul

Grand Coulee

Granville 'graenvil

'graend'kuli, -'kuli

granddad 'graen^daed granddaughter

grape grep

|-dy -i

ES

'graend-;

'graen^data',

grapefruit 'grep jf rut, -jfriut

grapeshot 'grep^/at; ES+-i/i)t

-jdata(r

grandee graen'di

grapevine 'grep^vain

grandeur 'graendsa', -dsur;

ES

'graendsafr.

-d3ua(r

graph

'graenjfa'Sa', 'graend-;

E + -jfa3a(r;

|-ly

ES -jfa?Sa(r,

-h

|-d

graphite 'graef ait |-d -id

graphophone, G-

'graef a jf on

grapnel 'graepnal |-ed -d

grandiloquence graen'dilakwans |-ent -ant

grapple 'graepl

grandiose 'graendi^os

Grasmere 'graesmir;

ES + -'Dsati

'graenma,

'graema,

grasp graesp;

'graemma,

'graema,

'grandma

grandmamma

'graen^mAcSa^,

ES

'graend-;

ES

-mia(r,

'graen'nef ju, 'graend-,

muck

less

freq. -'nevju

grass graes;

E+ grasp, grasp;

E+gras, gras;

|-ed -t

|-es -iz |-ed -t

grasshopper 'graes^hapa^;

E + 'gras-,

ES

-jhapa(r, -jhDpa(r,

'gras-

grate gret [grated 'gretid grateful 'thankful' 'gretfal |-ly

grandniece 'graen'nis, 'graend-

E + 'gras-,

Grassmann 'grasman

-jmAtSaCr; ]-ly -h

grandnephew

-d |-ling 'graeplig, -plig

Grasse, de da'gras

'graen/mama, 'graend-, -ma,ma

grandmother

|-d

'gras-

Grandison 'graendasn

grandma

|-ed -t

|-ly -li |-ally -li

Grandgent 'graendsant

grandiosity jgraendi'asati;

-d

E+graf, graf;

graef;

graphic 'graefik

grandfather

|-s

grateful

-iz

-i

'filled grate' 'grateful |-s

-z

grandpa 'graenpa, 'graempa, 'graempa, 'graend-

Gratiano jgrae/i'ano, jgra/-, Brit igre/-

pa grandpapa 'graen,papa, -pa 'pa, 'graendgrandparent 'graen operant, 'graend-, -jpaer-.

gratify 'graeta^fai |-fied -jfaid

-jper-;

S

Grand Pre

gratification jgraetafa'ke/an

gratin 'graet^ (Fr gra'tse)

-jpaer-, -/per-

grating

'graen'pre, 'graend- {Fr gra'pre)

Gratiot 'grae/iat, 'gre-

Grandpre Shak.

'graenpre, 'graendp-;

gra'pre |full

-tnn

-iz

\-s

Granicus gra'naikas granite 'graemt

'graend'lek with 'graen'vju)

grandad 'graen^daed [-dy

grange, G- grends

grain.

some conss.+^xa

before

'graen'titn, 'graend-, -tan,

granduncle 'graend'Aokl

grainery.

cf

comes from

'graenari

-^saiaCr

grandson 'graen^sAn, 'graend-

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^;

Fr

vil.

'gretirj

gratis 'gretis

gratitude 'graeta^tjud, -jtrad, -jtud

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail

jhow hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

G rattan Grattan

grey

190 Grecian 'gri/an

'graetn

gratuitous gra'tjuatas, -'tiu-, -'tu- |-ty

gree gri

-ti

gratulate 'graetjajlet, -t/u-

Greece gris

gravamen gra'vemen

-Vaemina grave grev \past graved grevd \pptc graven 'grevan or graved grevd

greed grid

gravel 'graevl |-ed -d |-ing 'grfevhg, -vhg

green grin greened grind ]-ness 'grinnis

gravel-blind 'graevljblamd

Greenaway 'grina^we

-z |-mina

|-s

-iz

]-'s

|-y -i |-ily 'gridli,

-dih

Greek grik Greeley

'grili |

graven 'grevan

greenback 'grin^baek

gravestone 'grevjSton

green-backed 'grin'baekt ('green-jbacked

ES

graveyard 'grevjard; gravid 'graevid

-jard,

E+-ja:d

greenbrier,

'grin^braia

;

ES

'bird)

-jbrai'a(r

greenery 'grinari, 'grinri

graVidati

|-ity

G-

gravitate 'graevajtet \-d -id

green-eyed 'grin'aid ('green-^eyed 'Becky)

gravitation jgraeva'tejan

greengrocer 'grin,gros3^;

gravure 'grevjar, -jur;

ES

-gravure -gra'vjur;

ES

'grevja(r, -jua(r

-VjuaCr

graybeard 'gre^bird;

ES

-i.

ES

greenhouse 'grin^haus

|-s

-jhaan -jhauziz

ES

Greenwich Engd 'grinidg, places usually 'grinwitj".

graze grez grazes 'greziz grazed grezd |

|

grazier 'gresa^;

ES

'grisi

and and

US

'gnnitj".

Eastern places, or recent imitations of Brit

|

'grizi

'grtn-, -itj;

How far

'gren- are traditional a^id prevalent for some

'gresaCr

grease n gris greases 'grisiz

grease v gris, griz; S griz;

-^swaad; |-ed -id

Greenville 'grinvil; S-i--vl

-jbiad, S+"-jbead

grayling 'grelio

normal;

greenhorn 'grin^harn;

greensward 'grin^sward;

gray, G- gre

—

-jgrosa(r; |-y

Greenland 'grinland

gravy 'grevi

grizd

ES

-sn

gravity 'graevati

|-s

-iz |-d -grist,

ta griz are phonetically

ta gris imitate the

noun

is doubtful.

'grEiutJ appears to prevail for

Greenwich Village,

NY.

greenwood, G- 'grin^wud greet grit greeted 'gritid

grease (gris).

|

greasewood 'grisjwud greasy

'grisi,

'grizi;

S

'grizi

— Some

Greet, William Cabell 'wiljam'kaebl'grit distin-

guish 'grisi 'covered -with grease' from ^grizi

great gret; S occas. gret, a historical ^orm, cj threat Gret; The pronunciation gret paralof bread, deaf, sweat, thread, tread.

gremial 'grimial

Gremio 'grimijO, 'grimjo Grenada Miss gri'nada, Brit colony gri'neda grenade gri'ned

etc.

great-aunt 'gret'aent,

much

less freq. -'ant;

E

Great Britain

'large

'important

amount'

-'dia(r, S-f-'d£a(r

Gresham 'grejam, 'gresam

bargain'

'gret'dil,

'gre'dil, 'gret'dil

greaten 'gretn |-ed -d |-ing 'gretnig, -tnig

Greatheart 'gret.hart;

ES

Grendel 'grendl

'gret'britn, -tan

greatcoat 'gret^kot |-ed -id deal

grenadier ^grena'dir;

grenadine ^grena'din, 'grena^din

-'ant, -'ant, -'aent

great

Gregorian gr£'gorian, -'gar-; S -'gorian

Gregory 'gregari

'slimy'.

lels that

gregarious gri'gerias, -'gaer-, -'ger-

ES

greathearted 'gret'hartid;

E + -iha:t ES -'ha:tid, E +

-jha:t,

—

-il

greave griv |greaved grivd grebe grib

grey,

See in full §§3-A7.

|bath baeO;

E

a

see Hansel and Gretel Gretna 'gretna Gretna Green 'gretna'grin

Gretel 'gretl

grew past of grow gru, grra grewsome 'grusam, 'gnu-

Key:

is

Gretchen 'gretjin

Greville 'gr£vl,

-'ha:tid

great-uncle 'gret'Agkl

— 'gre/am

sp. pron.

G- gre

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angn,- 'aeg-gn bad (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards Igo go

greyhound

gruel

191

grog grag, grng, grag |-ged -d [-gery -an

greyhound 'gre^haund grid grid |gridded 'gridid

l-gy -I

griddle 'gridl |-d -d j-ling ^gndlig, -djig

grogram 'gragram,

griddlecake 'gridl^kek

groin grain [groined graind

grommet

gride graid grided 'graidid

'grog-, 'grog-

ES + 'grnmit

'gramit;

|

gridiron 'gridjaia^n, -jairn;

ES

-^ai-an, -jaian

Groningen 'gronigan

groom grum, grum |-ed -d groomsman 'grumzman, 'grumz- j-men -man

grief grif

Grieg grig

ES

Grierson 'grirsn;

grievance 'grivans

groove gruv [grooved gruvd

'griasn

|-s

grope grop [groped gropt

-iz

grieve griv \-d -d 1-dly -idly ]-vous -as

grosbeak 'gros/bik

griff grif

grosgrain 'grojgren j-ed -d

griffin 'grif in

|

gross gros

griffon 'grif an

grifter 'grifta^;

ES

grot

'griftaCr

grill, -e gril [grilled

'grotto'

\pl

grote 'grota or groten 'grotan

grat;

ES+grnt

grotesque gro'tesk

grig grig Igrigged grigd

Grotius 'grojias

grild

grim grim

|-rie

\or

-an, -skri

De Groot

da'grot [Gro-

variously

pron.

tius's -IZ

grimace gri'mes

|-s

Groton

-iz |-d -t

grimalkin gri'maelkin, -Wolkin, -'mokin grime,

|-es -iz[-ed -t

grot coin grot

Griffith 'grifie

G- graim

|

grimed graimd

|

US

places

'grntn, 'gratn, 'grotn

grimy

— in NEngd

'graimi

grotto 'grato;

ES + 'grnto

grouch grautj

|-es -iz |-ed -t

grin grin grinned grind

ground graund |-ed -id j-ling -lig ground-hog 'graund jhag, -jhag,

grind graind ground graund |

grindstone 'grainjstoh, 'graind-

NY

usually 'gratn, 'grntn

Grimm grim |

'gratn,

£f

-jhag, -thag,

-ihng;

S

-^ng

groundnut 'graund^nAt, 'graun^nAt

gringo 'griggo Grinnell gri'nel

groundsel 'graunsl, 'graundsl

grip grip [gripped gript

gripe graip griped graipt

groundwork 'graund^wyk; ES -jwak, -^wyk group grup [grouped grupt

grippe grip

grouse bird graus

gripsack 'grip^saek

grousy 'having grouse' 'grauzi,

Griqualand 'grikwajaend, 'grikwa-

grout graut [grouted 'grautid

|

|i

^g -s -iz [-d -t -si

Griselda gri'zelda

grove grov [groved grovd

grisly 'ghastly' 'grizli

grovel 'gravl, 'grAvI; ES+'grovl; J-ed -d |-mg

grisly 'gristly' 'grisli, 'grisli

v

-vlig, -vlig

a

grist grist

— A shows

the original vowel,

being a sp. pron.

gristmill 'grist ^mil

Grover 'grova^; ES 'grova(r grow gro [grew gru, griu [grown gron

Griswold 'grizwald

growl graul [growled grauld

grit grit [gritted 'gritid Igritty ^griti

grown gron grown-up n 'gron^Ap grown-up adj 'gron'Ap ('grown-^up growth groO |-ths -Gs

gristle 'grisl |-tly 'gnsli, 'grisli

grith griO |-ths -Gs grits grits |-tten 'gritn

grizzle 'grizi |-d -d j-ling 'gnzlig,

-zhg

grub grAb [grubbed grAbd grubstake 'grAbjStek [-staked -jStekt

grizzly 'grizli

groan gron [groaned grond groat grot grocer 'grosa^;

grudge

ES

'gros3(r; |-y

-i, -sri

Groesbeck 'grosbek [full

'boys)

ful [tooth tue [further 'fySa^;

grAdj

[grudges

'grAdsiz

[grudged

grAdsd gruel 'grual, 'griual [-ed -d

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

gruesome

gun

192

gruesome 'grusam,

guffaw gA'fa, ga'fa

'griu-

Guiana

grufE grAf

grumble 'grAmbl

-d

|-d

'grAmblig,

|-ling

|-ed -d

gi'asna, gi'ana

guidance 'gaidns

{Sp 'gjana)

-iz

|-s

guide gaid guided 'gaidid

-blig

|

Grumio 'grumijO, 'grumjo grumpy 'grAmpi Grundy 'grAndi |-ism -/izam

Guiderius gwi'dirias, -rjas

ES

gri'jer;

-'je3(r;

{Fr

'grifan

{Sp

ES

jgwod-;

'gadl^up, jgadl'up, jgwadj'up,

igwod- {Sp jgwatSa'lupe)

Mex

Guadalupe Hidalgo

WI

ES

'gilfad

'gilfa-d;

ES

'gilfad

ES + -jmDt

guillemot 'gila^mat;

guillotine v jgila'tin, 'gilajtin |-d -d guilt gilt |-y

guimpe

jgadj'up, ^gwad-, jgwnd-

-I |-ily 'giltab,

'chemisette^

Guam gwam, gwnm

Guinea, g- 'gini Guinevere, -ver 'gwina^vir,

guano 'gwano, 'gwono guarantee jgaeran'ti

Guiney

-d

|-d

in contrast -'tar;

-tar,

ES

ES

ES

ES

guard

see

-n

gubernatorial

jgjub^na'torial,

|-ed

Gullah 'gAla gullet 'gAlit |-ed -id

Gulliver 'gAlava^; -'tar-;

igiu-,

-bh

ES

'gAlava(r

gully 'gAb gullied 'gAbd I

gulp gAlp gulped gAlpt I

gum gAm Igummed gAmd gum arable jgAm'aerabik, now

-d

Gudrun 'gudrun guelder-rose 'gelda^^roz;

ES

rare ^gAma-

'rebik

'gelda-

gumbo 'gAmbo

Guelph gwelf guerdon 'gydn;

ES

'gsdn,

'gydn

j-ed

-d

ES

|

ES

-^wsk, -jwyk

guest g£st Iguested 'gestid

See in full §§3-47.

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far

jnuch less frcq. gumz,

gumshoe 'gAm'/u, 'gAm^/u gumwood 'gAm^wud gun gAn Igunned gAnd

guess g£s guesses 'gesiz guessed gsst I

|-tious -Jas

gums 'alveoli' gAmz, gumz

'gsnzi, 'gynzi

guerrilla, gueri- ga'rila

guesswork 'ges^ws^k;

gumdrop 'gAm^drap; ES-h-jdrup gumption 'gAmpJan

-dnig

Guernsey, g- 'ga^nzi;

E

gull gAl Igulled gAld

gullible 'gAlabl |-bly

jgwaja'kil)

-bana-, S -'tor-

|-ing -dnig,

gulfweed 'gAlf^wid

gullibility ^gAla'bilati

gudgeon 'gAdsan

|bath baeO;

gulden 'guldan

I

guava 'gwava, 'gwova Guayaquil jgwaia'kil {Sp

Key:

'gita-

gulf gAlf gulfed gAlft

guardroom 'gard,rum, -,rum; ES see guard guardsman 'gardzman |-men -man; ES see guard Guatemala ^gwata mala, jgwnt-, older igata-

ES

E + -'ta:(r

gules gjulz, giulz

guardian 'gardian;

|-n

-'ta:(r,

I

guard

^mala

ES

gulch gAlt/ gulches 'gAltJiz |gulched gAlt/t

|-ed -id

guardhouse 'gard^haus |-houses -jhauziz; see

-jViaCr,

'gaini

Guiterman 'gita^man; ES

E+ga:d;

ga:d,

ES

guise gaiz [guises 'gaiziz [guised gaizd

guitar gi'tar;

'gaeranti |-tied -tid

guard gard;

-va^;

-va(r

-t3(r, -t33(r, -'t33(r

guaranty

-tib

gaemp, gimp {Fr g^:p)

guanine 'gwanin, 'gwon-

guarantor 'garanta',

'hall

|

guillotine n 'gila^tin

,gwadl'up'hi'daelgo,

jgwod- {Sp jgwaSaUupe-i'tJalgo)

Guadeloupe

'gilfa^d;

-^stsn, -^styn

'gilda(r

guile gail |-ful -fal -fully -fall [-less 'gailhs

Guilford

jgwatJalki'liir)

Guadalupe Tex

ES

G- 'gild'hal—c/ ylw 'town

guildhall,

jgwadrkwiv*,

Guadalquivir -V3(r;

guilder 'gilda^;

Guildford

gry'je:r)

gryphon

ES

Guildenstern 'gildn^styn;

|

gru'jer,

-iz

guild gild

|-dyist -ist

grunt gfAnt grunted 'grAntid

Gruyere

|-'s

guidon 'gaidn

'piti

(§6) |rate ret

far [watch watj,

wntj

Iji-et

jst |sang saeg ]angry 'aeg-gri

(§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go

guttural 'gAtaral

gunboat 'gAn^bot guncotton 'gAnjkatn; ES+-jkDtn

I

gunfire 'gAn^fair;

ES

-man |-men -jmen, -man Am pers. name 'gAna^; ES

-jfai3(r

'gAn^maen,

Gunnar 'gunar. gunnel 'gAnl

ES

'gAn3(r; |-y

-d [-ling 'gAzjig, 'gAzlig

guzzle 'gAzl

|-d

Gwendolen,

-ine,

-yn 'gwendjin

Gwinnett gwi'net gybe dsaib |-d -d gymnasium dsim'neziam, -zjam

-a:(r, -3(r

gunner 'gAna^;

|-ly -i

guy gai guyed gaid Guyandot 'gaian^dat; ES+'idnt

gunman

gunny

habitant

193

gunboat

-i

|-s

-z |-sia

-zia

'gAni

gunpowder, G- 'gAHjpauda'; gunrunning 'gAn^rAnig gunshot 'gAn/Jat; ES+'j/ot

ES

gymnast Msimnaest

-jpaud3(r

gymnastic dsim'naestik gynae-

see

gunwale 'gAnl

gynarchy 'dsainarki; ES

gurge gyds; ES gsds, gs^ds; \-s -iz 1-d -d gurgitation jgyd33'te/an; ES jgsds-, jgyds-

gynecologic

ES

gurgle 'gygl;

'gsgl, 'gygl;

-d

|-d

-'lDd5-;

j-ling

-ikh

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

gyne-

E + -a:ki

-a:ki,

jdsaimka'ladsik,

ES +

jgain-;

l-al -1

gynecologist jdsaini'kaladsist, ^gaim-;

ES +

-'knl-

-ghg, -glig

Gurkha 'gurka; ES 'guaka gurnard 'gyna'd;

ES

Gurney, -nee 'gym;

gynecology

'ganad, 'gynad

ES

'gsni,

'gym

other.

jdsaim'kaladji,

One form

-'kol-;

The first

is

is

as

'correct'

the

more Englished.

gush gAj gushes 'gAjiz gushed gA/t

gyp dsip gypped dsipt

gusset 'gAsit Igusseted 'gAsitid

g)T)sum 'dsipsam

gust gAst gusty 'gASti

gypsy

gustation gAs'te/an

gyral 'dsairal

I

ES +

^gaini-;

as

I

|

'dsipsi

I

gustatory 'gAstajtori,

Gustavus gAs'tevas

-jtari;

|-'s

|-ly -i

gyrate 'dsairet j-d -id j-tion dsai 're/an

S -jtori

gyratory 'dsairajtori, gyre dsair;

gut gAt gutted 'gAtid I

Gutenberg 'gutn^byg;

ES

ES

gyrator dsai'reta', 'dsaireta^;

-iz

gusto 'gAsto

-ibsg, -jbyg; {Ger

'gurtanjberk)

gyrfalcon

ES

-jtari;

dsaiaCr; |-d -d

'dsy^falkan,

ES

-jfakan;

'djs-,

'dsy-

Guthrie 'gAOri

gyro 'dsairo

Guthrun

gyrocompass 'dsairojkAmpas

'gutSrun

|-es -iz

gyroscope 'dsaira^skop

gutta 'gAta

gutta-percha 'gAta'pytJa;

Guttenberg

-ta(r

S -^tori

US

gutter 'gAta';

ES -'pstja, -'pytJa ES -ibag, -jbyg

gyroscopic jdsaira'skapik; ES+-'skDp-;

ES

gyrostatic jdsaira'staetik [-ally

'gAta(r; |-ed -d

guttersnipe 'gAta^^snaip;

ES

[-ally

-h, -ikli

'gAtn^byg;

-li,

-ikk

gyve dsaiv gyved dsaivd

'gAta-

|

H H, h letter etf \pl H's, Hs, poss H's 'et/iz ha intj, n ha \pl has, ha's haz ha V ha |haes haz |haed had |haing 'ha-ig Haarlem 'harlam; ES 'ha:lam, E-i-'ha:lam

Habakkuk ha'baskak, 'haeba^kAk Habana 'Havana' Sp a'(5ana habeas corpus 'hebias'karpas; ES |full

ful |tooth tuG Ifurther 'fytJa^;

haberdasher

'haeba'^dae/a';

ES

'haebajdaeja(r;

|-y -I, -Jri

habergeon 'haeba^dsan;

ES

'haebadsan

habiliment ha'bilamant habilitate ha'bila^tet |-tated -jtetid

habit 'haebit |-ed -id |-able -abl |-bly -bb -'kaapas

ES

habitant 'haebatant

'fsSa |custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how

hau

|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dif |vision 'vijan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kred} [keep

|toy tai

'em 'kipm

——

—

habitat

half-tone

194

habitat 'haebajtaet |-tation jhaeba'te/an

hail hel [hailed beld |hailstone 'bel/Ston

habitual ha'bit/ual, -t/ul

Haile Selassie 'baibsa'lasi,

|-ly -i

habitude 'haeba^tjud, -jtiud, -jtud habitue ha'bit/uje, ha.bit/u'e

(i^r

Habsburg 'haepsbyg; ES -bsg, 'harpsburk) see Hapsburg

;

abi'tqe) -ba^g;

{Ger

hacienda jhasi'enda {Sp a'sjenda)

hack bask hacked haekt hackamore 'haekajmor,

pi see cloth

ES

-jinar;

-^moaCr,

E+-jm33(r

hair-do 'berjdu, 'baer-; hairdresser

hackberry 'haek^beri, -ban see

-d

|-d

|-ling

ES

hairline 'berjlam, 'baer-;

E

'beaz-,

ES

hadj haeds |hadjes 'baedsiz |hadji 'baedsi

halberd 'baelba^d;

|

some

before

conss.

+ ^hxdn

see hair

'basaz-

halation be'le/an, bae'lejan

|

'haednt,

see

hair's-breadth 'berz'bredO, 'baerz-, -jbredG;

man, -jmen hackney 'haekni hackneyed 'haeknid had stressed 'haed, jbaed; Mwsi?". had, bed, ad. Ed, id I'd d Haddington ^haedigtan haddock 'haedak Hades 'hediz Hades' 'bediz hadn't

-a(r,

hair

hagbut ^sekhg, %aeklig hackman 'haekman, -jmaen [hackmen 'haekhackle 'haekl

ES see hair ES see hair 'ber^drEsa^, 'baer-; ES

haircut 'ber jkAt, 'baer- ;

|

hackbut 'haekbAt

-sa'laesi

ES 'beljstaam hair her, baer; E bea(r, ES baea(r |-ed -d |-y -i hairbreadth 'berjbrede, 'baer-; ES see hair hairbrush 'bEr,brAj, 'baer-; ES see hair haircloth 'berjkbe, 'baer-, -jklnB; ES see hair; hailstorm 'bel^starm;

habituate ha'bit/uict |-ated -jctid

ES

hairsplitter 'ber^spbta^, 'baer-;

-iSphta(r,

see hair

ES

hairspring 'ber^spng, 'baer-;

see hair

Haiti 'heti |Haitian 'hetian

hake bek Hakluyt 'baeklut,

'baeklait, 'baekkt

ES

'bselbad;

[-rt

-t—for-

merly 'balb-, 'bab-, spelt haubert, holberd

halcyon 'baelsian

('baedn 'sinim)

Hadrian 'hedrian

Haldane 'balden

hadst stressed 'baedst, jbaedst; unstr. hadst,

hale bel |haled beld half baef ;

adst, dst

E

baf, baef, haf ;

|-'s

E

-s |-lves -vz

haem- see hemhaemo- see hemo-

half-and-half 'baefn'baf ;

Haensel 'bensl = Hansel

half-baked 'baef 'bekt; E^ee half; ('half-^baked

E

halfback 'baef^baek;

haft haeft |hafted 'baeftid

hag baeg Hagar 'bega', 'begar; ES hagbut 'baegbAt

see half

see half

'scheme) half-blooded 'bafbUdid; 'bega(r, 'hega:(r

E

see half; ('haK-

iblooded 'Indian) half-breed 'baef^brid;

E

see half

Hagen 'bagan

half-caste 'baef^kaest; E+'baf^kast, 'baf^kast

Hagerstown 'bega^Zjlaun; ES 'hegazhaggada ba^gada, -da \pl haggadoth ha^gadoO Haggai 'haegijai, 'haegai

halfhearted

haggard,

H-

'baeg^d;

haggis 'baegis

haggle 'baegl

ES

-d

j-ling 'baeglig,

hagiolatry jbaegi'alatn, jbedsi-;

'baegbg

ES + -'d1-

hagiology jbaegi'aladsi, jbedsi-; ES+-'d1-

Hague beg

ES

half-mast

-'ba:tid,

E+

see half; ('half-hearted 'effort)

ES

'baef'maest;

E see half E sec half

-'aua(r,

E

-i-

'baf 'mast,

'baf-

'mast

half-moon 'baef'mun;

E

see half

halfpenny Brit 'bepm, 'bepani

\pl

halfpence

'bepans, halfpennies 'hepniz, 'bepaniz

Hahnemann ^banaman

(Ger 'ba:naiman)

Haidarabad ^baidara^baed, jbaidara^bad haikwan 'bai'kwan See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeG;

see half

half-length 'baef'kgke, -'kge;

hagiography jbaegi'agrah, jhedsi-, -'ng-

Key:

-'bartid

E

'baef'bartid;

half-hour 'baef'aur;

'baegad

|-es -iz

|-d

half -full 'baf'ful;

E

half-timbered 'baef 'timba^d ;

ES

-'timbad,

E

see half

half-tone 'baef^ton;

E

see half

bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gn baB (§10) |ah a |far far [watch wat/, -wniS (§12) jjaw dsa [gorge g3rd3 [go go

E

half-truth 'haefjtrue;

E

halfway 'haef'we;

Hamburg 'haembyg; ES

see half

see half; ('halfjway 'up)

E

half-witted 'haef'witid;

- jbytn

-ibstn,

ES

/haelikar'naesas ;

Hamilcar

ba'milkar,

Hamilton

Hamite 'baemait

Haligonian jhaela'gonian, jhaeh-

hamlet,

halitosis jhaela'tosis

hammer

'haebva', 'hae^liva';

ES

'haeh; Ger city 'hala

Halleck 'h«hk,

'hsbk

ES

ES

'hallmark;

'haema^jbed;

ES

'baemajbed;

E+

'hDl^ma k,

'baemptan

hamstring

[hallooed

hsUud

'hfem^strig

J-ed -d, worship

'

laebwid

jhab'in

('Hallowjcen

-mas

hallucinate ha'lusrijet, -'bu-

|-d -id

hallucinatory hs'lusna^tori, -'bu-.

jtari;

S

ES

'baenapa(r

handball 'baend^bal, 'baen/bal

handbarrow

-(ton

'baend^baero, 'baen,baero, -a

hallway 'hal^we

handbill 'basndjbil, 'baen,bil

halo 'helo haloed 'helod

handbook 'baendjbuk, 'baen^buk

halogen 'baebdsan, -d3in

handbreadth 'baend^brEde,

|

haloid 'haebid, 'hebid

handcar 'baend^kar, 'baen-;

Halpin, -ine 'haelpm l-'s

-IZ

halyard

E

ES

'haelja'd;

[full

-ika:(r,

E+

'baend jkart,

ES

'baen-;

-jkait.

Handcock 'baenkak; ES + -kDk

'haltaCr

ES

ES

E+-,ka:t

hav, haev, hav

|-d

handcuff 'baendjkAf, 'haen^kAf [-cuffed -jkAft

-d

Handel

'baendl {Ger Handel 'bEndal) HandeHan baen'dihan, -'diljan

'haeljad

ham, H- baem hamadryad jhaema'draiad, Haman 'heman

|-ths

-jka:(r

handcart

'halstid, 'bael-

halt halt [halted 'haltid

halve haev;

'baeiijbrEde

-es

Hals, Frans 'frans'hals, 'fraens'haels

halter 'halta-;

or

Hancock 'haenkak; ES + 'baenkok hand baend [handed 'haendid handbag 'baend^baeg, 'baen^baeg

|-es -iz

hallucination hajlusn'e/an, -jhu-

Halstead 'hoisted,

-jStrAg

Hamsun, Knut 'knut'baemsan, -'bamsun Hamtramck Mich baem'traemik Han ban hanaper 'baenapa^;

'joke) 'haelojinaes,

[-strung

-stringed -,strigd

'haebwig jbaelo'in,

-/laCr,

Hampstead 'baempsted, 'baempstid

Hampton

-t

'haelo, -a

-d |-ing

-Xa(r

hallo, -loa ha'lo

Hallowmas

'haema(r; j-ed -d |-ing

Hampshire 'baemp/ir, 'baempja^; ES

Halliday 'haebjde

Halloween

ES

'baemparig, ^baemprig

- jbytn

-ibstn,

Halliwell 'haeb^wel, 'haebwal

|-ing

'haema^;

hammock 'baemak Hammurabi jhama'rabi, jhamu'rabi Hampden 'baempdan, 'baemdan hamper 'haempa^; ES 'haempa(r; |-ed

Halley 'h«h Halliburton 'haebjbytn;

hallow

baem'itik, ha'mitik

|-ed -id

hallelujah, -iah jhsebluja, -'huja

haUu

|-tic

H- 'haembt

hammerhead

hal

-;ma:k; |-ed

jhaemj-

'haemariij, 'haemrii)

-va(r

Hallam 'hsebm Halle Am name

halloo

-ka:(r.

jHamiltonian

'haemltan

Halifax 'haelajfaeks [Halifax's 'haela^faeksiz

hallmark

ES

'haemj-;

'toman

halidom 'haehdam |halidome 'haelijdom

H-

'haeinb3ga(r,

E+-ka:(r

halide 'haelaid, ^belaid

hall,

ES

'haembyga^;

hame hem -ka:'n-;

-S3S

HaHver

-byg;

'haembag,

'hamburk)

-byga(r

hahbut 'haebbat, 'habbat; ES + 'hol Halicarnassus

{Ger

hamburger

see half

ES

Haliburton 'haelajbs^tn;

|-SUS'

handful

195

half-truth

handfast 'baend^fiest, 'baen-;

-'draiaed

ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fytSa^;

handful 'baend ,ful, 'baen^ful

ES

'fstJa

E-i--jfast, -jfast [-s

-z

[custom 'kAstam [while bwail [how bau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan

tai

jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

— handgrip

hardheaded

196

Words below in which a

before r (farm) is sounded

a

handicap 'haendijkaep |handicapped 'haendi-

E with

are often pronounced in

a (fa:m)

'haenova';

ES

'haenovaCr; {Ger

nover ha'no:var,

loc.

ha'norfar)

Hanover

handgrip 'hsend^grip, 'haen^grip

Han-

Hanoverian ,haeno'vinan

(kaept

handicraft 'haendi^kraeft; E+-;kraft, -^kraft

handicraftsman

E+

'haendijkraeftsman;

-man

-jkrafts-, -jkrafts-; |-men

ES

-itjif;

-ka-;

-d |-Hng 'haendhg, -dlig

handmade 'haend'med, %aen- ('handimade

Hanseatic ,haensi'aetik, ,haenzi'aetik

hansom 'haensam Hants short for Hampshire haents hap haep happed haept haply 'haepli ]

|

haphazard

'shoe) |-en

-^med^

ES

-'haezad

haep'laidik

'haepan,

-pm

-d

|-ed

-panig,

|-ing

-pnig

happy

'haend^sa, 'haen|-ed

'haepi |-pily -pli, -pili

happy-go-lucky 'haepi,go'lAki

-d

handset 'haend'set, 'haen- ('hand^set 'type)

handsome 'haensam

Hapsburg 'haepsbyg; ES -bag, -byg; {Ger 'ha:psburk)

handspike 'haenjspaik, 'haendhandspring

|-loidic

haplosis haep'losis

handrail 'haend^rel

handsel 'hiensl

/haep'haeza^d;

haploid 'haeplaid

happen

handout 'haend^aut

handsaw

'hansad,

Hansel and Gretel 'henslan'gretj

|-ted -id

handleless 'haend}hs.

handmaid 'haend^med, 'haenhand-me-down 'haenmi^daun

ES

'haensord;

hansel 'haensl hanseled 'haensld

hand-knit 'haend'nit, 'haen'nit |-d

'haensa'd,

hanse haens |hanses 'haensiz |-s

-t/ivz, -tfifs, -itjivz, -it/ifs

handle 'haend|

haens, -z {Ger hans)

Hansard -sa:d

handiwork 'haendi^wyk; ES -jwsk, -jW^k handkerchief 'haegka^t/if,

Hans

hara-kiri 'hara'kiri, 'haera-

harangue ha'raeg

'haen^sprii), 'haend-

hand-to-mouth 'haendta'mauG,

harass

'haentta-

|-d

-d |-guing -'ragig

ha'raes;

'haeras,

S + 'haens;

-iz

|-es

handwork 'haend^wyk; ES -jwsk, -,wyk

|-ed -t

handwriting 'haend^raitig

of the older 'haeras appears to be on the in-

handy 'haendi hang haeg |hung hAg

crease.

or

hanged haegd

|-ing

'haega', 'haeggar;

ES

'haegaCr, 'haeg-

l-ed

hangdog

ES

ES

|-age

Harcourt 'harkort,

'haeg, dag, 'haeg, dog

'haega^;

-kat,

'haeg3(r

'har'bin

hangers-on 'haega^z'an, -'on, -'an;

ES

'haegaz-

hangman 'haegman [hangmen 'haegman

'ha:ba(r;

-kart,

hard-bitted 'hard'bitid;

hard-boiled 'hard'baild; |-ed -d

|-ing

ES

-koat.

ES

'ha:d-;

('hard-

harden

'hardn;

ES

ES 'ha:dES 'ha:d-

'ha:dn;

|-ed

-d

|-ing

-dnig, -dnig

'haegkarig, 'haegkrig

'haen'kau, 'haeg'kau {Chinese 'xan-

ES 'haid'fitjad ES 'ha:dhardhack 'hard^hsk; ES 'ha:d,haek hardhanded 'hard'haendid; ES 'ha:dhardhead 'hardjhcd; ES 'ha:dhardheaded 'hard'hedid; ES 'hard-

hard-featured 'hard'fit/a^d; hard-fisted 'hard'fistid;

'ko)

hanky-panky 'haegki'paegki Hanley 'haenli

Hannah

'haena

Hannibal 'haenabl

Key:

-ka^t;

jbitted 'horse)

hard-bitten 'hard'bitn;

Hankow

|-ing

E+-kaat

hank haegk |hanked haegkt 'haegka(r;

-d

|-ed

-bands, -brids

hangnail 'haeg,nel

ES

'ha:bmd3a(r;

hard hard; ES ha:d

hanger-on 'haega^'an, -'on, -'an

hanker 'haegka^;

ES

-d

-bang, -bng

'hajg't/au (CJiin 'xag'dso)

ES

'harbindsa^;

harbor 'harba^;

ga:(r

Hangchow hanger

Harbin 'har'bin; harbinger

'haegig

hangar

The pronunciation ha'raes instead

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

E

bee bi |pity

ba6 (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri

far |watch wat/,

wotj

(§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go

— hardhearted

hasty

197

Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m) Words below that have ae before r (carry 'kaeri) are often pronounced in N with e ('ken, §94) hardhearted 'hard'hartid;

ES

hardihood 'hardi^hud;

ES

hardly 'hardh;

ES

'ha:d'ha:tid

ES

-9t;

%a:d-;

('hardimouthed 'horse)

hardpan 'hard;paen; ES 'hard|-ed -d

'hardi;

E

ES

'hard-

ES hae3(r; |-d -d ES see hare harebrained 'her'brend, 'haer-; ES see hare harelip 'hEr'hp, 'haer-, -jhp; ES see hare harelipped 'het'lipt, 'haer-; ES see hare; heaCr,

ES

S 'haeram, 'her-

'haer-, 'her-;

Harfleur 'harfly;

ES

'harfbcr, 'harfls^; (Fr

Shak Harflew

in

'harflu, -fhu;

ES -/bsg, -^byg H- 'haero, -a |-ed -d |-ing 'haerawig harry, H- 'haeri harried 'haerid harsh harj; ES bar/ hart hart; ES hart Harte hart; ES hart

haricot 'haeri^ko j-coed -,kod

hark; j-ed

harken 'harkan;

ES

Hartford 'hartfa-d;

ES

-d

[-ed

ES

|-ing

'harl-, har'l-

Harlem 'harlam; ES 'harlam harlequin, H- 'harlakwin, -km; ES harlequinade ^harlakwin'ed, -kin-;

harum-scarum S

'skaeram;

'heram'skeram,

'haeram-

'haeram'skaeram;

('harum-

-scarum 'manners) 'haerunael'raejid,

ES 'hark ES 'harbt; |-ry -ri harm harm; ES harm; |-ed -d |-ful

ES

jharl-

wit/;

ES

'harwitj;

has stressed -fal |-fully

har'manik, -'mon-;

-ikh

ES ha'mon-;

|-nium

-mam [-s

-iz

l-d-d harness 'harms;

ES

'harms;

Harold 'haerald harp harp; ES harp; harpoon har'pun;

ES

'har-

-iz

'haez, ^haez; unstr.

|-nied -nid

|-es -iz |-ed -t

haz, az

|'s z,

s

'haez, bin

Hasbrouck 'haezbruk Hasdrubal 'haezdrubl, 'haezdrujbael hash haej [hashes 'hae/iz [hashed haejt hashish, -eesh 'haejij bef.

some

com55.

+ 'haezn ('hazn

'gan)

hasp haesp; E-i-hasp, hasp; hassock 'haesak |-ed -t hast stressed

|-ed -t

'haest, jhaest; unstr. hast, ast, st

haste best hasted 'hestid |

|-ed -t

hasten 'hesn |-ed -d

har'pun; [-ed -d

Hastings 'hestigz

harpsichord 'harpsi/kard; |full

has-been

hasn't 'haeznt,

'harm-;

harmony 'harmani; ES 'harm-;

'harvist; |-ed -id

;

-fall

ES

ES

|-'s

Harz harts ES harts

harmonize 'harmajnaiz;

'harvad

Harvey 'harvi; ES 'harvi Harwich Engd 'haerids, 'haeritj; Mass

'harl-

ES

'harvard;

harvest 'harvist, -vast;

Harley 'harh;

|-a -a l-ally -li,

ha'run-

|haruspices ha'rAspi,siz

harlot 'harlat;

harmonious har'monias;

'harts jbaan

'hsram, 'haeram; S 'haeram

Harvard

ES

ES

hartshorn 'harts jharn;

haruspex ha'rAspeks, 'haeras- |-pexes -^peksiz

-t

-kanig, -knit)

harmonic har'manik;

'harta^bist

'hartfad

jarra'Jid

'hark-;

Harleian 'harlian, har'lian;

ES

hartebeest 'harta^bist;

Harun-al-Raschid

'harf-

ES

'haeri-a(r

'hasriat, 'haeriit

Harrisburg 'haeriSibyg;

Harum

('harejlipped 'boy)

hark hark;

jharkwibas-

|

'hardi; |-dily -dli, -dili

harebell 'her^bel, 'hter-;

ES

ES

harrow,

hardwood 'hardjwud; ES

ar'flcErr)

|-es

Harrison 'haerasn 'hard^weaCr,

-jwaeaCr

harem 'heram,

'harkwibas;

S+-'£a(r

harrier 'haena^;

Harriet

E

hardware 'hardjWEr, -jwaer;

hare her, haer;

ES

harridan 'haeradan

ES 'hard-; hardship 'hardjip; ES 'hardhardtack 'hardjtaek; ES 'hard-

H-

'harpi

harquebusier jharkwibas'ir; 'ia(r,

hard-shell 'hardjEl;

hardy,

ES

'harpi;

-IZ

'ha:dli

hardmouthed 'hard'mau'Sd,

ES

Harpy

harquebus 'harkwibas;

'ha:di-

ES

'harpsijkaad

ful [tooth tu9 [further 'fytJa^;

ES

'fstSa

|-ing 'hesnig,

|-'s

hasty 'hesti [hastily

'hesmg

-iz

'hestli, -tili

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

— headgear

198

hat

Havre de Grace

hat haet |hatted 'haetid

hatband 'haetjbaend hatbox 'haetjbaks; ES+-,bDks; hatch haetj hatches |

hatchet

Hawaii

[-fully

-fall

stressed 'haeG, jhaeG; tmstr. haO, 36

ES ^hoQoani—The BBC

recommends 'haeGorn/or

hawser

'baza^;

ES

'baza(r

hay be [hayed bed [haying

hauberk 'habyk; ES 'habsk, 'habyk

Haugen 'haugan 'hati j-tily -tli, -tih

haul hal [hauled bald [haulage 'halids

Hayes bez Hayes's

haunch bantj", hontj, bant/ [-es -iz |-ed -t haunt bant, hrnit, bant [-ed -id Hauptmann 'bauptman, 'baupm- {Ger 'baupt-

hayfork 'be.fark;

hauteur

ES

o'ty;

-'t3(r

{Fr

-'ty;

o'toe:r)

haymarket

[have to

hef. conss. 'baefta, bef.

'baefta

In "I could

of

vow. 'haeftu,

done

merely a misspelling for have. nunciation

is identical.

av [Ve v

it,"

of

is

Their pro-

The pron. %aefta.

'baeftu is universal in unafected familiar

speech in

Havelock,

US

('baevn 'sinim) 'baeva^fa^d;

ES

'hejinarkit;

ES

'be^markit

'be^raek [-rick -^rik

hayseed 'be^sid -stack -,stsk Hayti 'beti, US places + \eta.\

ES 'hewad

'bewa^d;

hayward 'be^ward, -wa^d; ES 'be^waad, - wad hazard

'baeza^d;

ES

'baezad; [-ed -id [-ous -as

haze bez [hazes 'heziz [hazed bezd hazel,

H-

'bezl [-nut -nat, -^nAt

Hazledean 'bezljdin Hazleton 'bezltan

hazy

ES+-lDk

haven 'bevan [havened 'bevand haven't 'baevnt, hef. some com^5. + 'baevn Haverford

'be^faak

Hazlitt 'baezbt

and England.

-lok, h- 'baevlak;

'beziz

ES

'bcjinau

Hayward

a '(Sana)

stressed 'baev, ,baev; unstr. bav,

'baevafad

Haverhill 'bevaril, 'bevril, -ral

he

'bezi [-zily -zji, -zili

stressed 'hi, ^bi; unstr.

i, i,

headcheese 'bedjijiz

havoc 'baevak

headfirst 'bed'fyst;

Havre US 'baeva^; ES 'bava(r Havre France 'bava^, 'bavra; ES

headforemost 'bed'torjinost,

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

[bath baeG;

E

'bava(r,

hi

head bed [headed 'btdid headache 'b^d^ek headband 'bed^baend headboard 'bEd^bord, -^bard;

ES 'baeva,saek Haverstraw 'baeva'jstra; ES 'baevajStra havior 'bevja'; ES 'hevja(r haversack 'baeva'jsaek;

'bavra; {Fr la'a:vr)

-jOaan

'be^laft, 'be.lnft

hayrack

'obai {Fr o'bwa)

bo'ty,

Havana haVaena {Sp Habana have

hayloft

haymow

man) hautboy 'bobai,

ES

'be-ig

Hayakawa jhaia'kawa haycock 'be^kak; ES + 'bejkok Hayden 'bedn Haydn 'haidn, 'bedn Haydon 'bedn

'haet3(r

Hatteras 'haetaras jHatteras's 'haetarasiz

haughty

hawk-eyed 'bak,aid Hawkins 'bakmz [Hawkins's 'bakmziz hawse baz [hawses 'baziz

hawthorn, Hawthorn (e) 'ba,eam;

name.

the British

hatred 'hetrid

ES

\\ 'ales

'ba-adn, 'ba:dn

hawsehole 'bazjbol, 'bas-

'haeOajWe

hatter 'haeta^;

ba-

hawk hak [hawked bakt

'haetX,we

Hathorn(e) 'hDOarn;

ES

'ba-a'dn, 'bardn;

|

Hathaway

ba'wnja.

ba'wa-i

Hawarden US 'bewardn; ES -wa:dn;

'haetjari, 'haetjri

hate het hated 'hetid [hateful 'hetfal

hath

ba'waja,

ha'waija,

'wai'i,

'haetJit |-ed -id

hatchway

ES

haw ba [hawed had

-z

|-es

'haetjiz [hatched haet/t

hatchel 'haetjal |hatcheled 'hsetjald

hatchery

-'gres;

'haeva'da'graBs,

'baeva-

ES

-jboad,

E-f-jbaad headdress 'bedjdres

[-s

-iz

[-es -iz

ES

-'fsst, -'fyst -'far-,

-mast

ES

-'foa-, E-i--'faa-

headgear 'bed^gir;

ES

-igia(r, S-i--jgea(r

bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angrj-- 'aeg-gri ba6 (§10) [ah a [far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

— heading Words below in which ea

before r (heart) is

hearthstone

headland implowed land 'hedjaend, 'promon'hedland

ES

'harO^ston;

headline 'hedjlain

headlock 'hed^lak;

-d

j-d

heartsick

ES + -jlDk

heartsore

ES 'hartES 'harts'hart;Sik, -'sik; ES 'hart'hart^sor, -jsar; ES -jSoa(r, E +

-(Saa(r; ace/ -i- 'heart 'sore

headman 'hEdmon -men -man

ES

'hed'tnaesta^;

E+-'mas-,

-t3(r,

head-on 'hed'an, -'on, -bn ('head-pn 'crash)

'hart 'hoi;

ES

heat

-iz

|-s

headquarters 'hed'kworta^z, -jkw-;

ES -'kw33-

'hartta'hart

'hart-;

'hart-

heath hie

|-ths -Os

|-ness

-Sannis

headrest 'hsd^rest

heathenesse arch. 'hiSanjes

headsman 'hedzman |-men -man

heather

headspring 'hed^sprig

heatstroke 'hitjstrok

headstock 'hedjStak; ES-h-iStnk

heaume horn heave hiv heaved hivd or hove hov heaven 'hsvan, 'hevm |-ward -wa^d;

headstone 'h£djSton

headwater 'hedjwata^,

-jwata^,

-jwota^;

ES

Heavener

'hivna^;

heavily 'hevli,

-t3(r

headway 'hedjwe headwork 'hediWyk; ES -jwsk, -^wyk health helO |-ths -Os

hia(r, S-t-hjeaCr, hjiaCr, h£a(r;

hsd,

ES

hyd

'hatkan; ]-ed -d |-ing

'hia-, S-h'hjea-,

'hjia-.

Hebraic hi'bre-ik

|-al -1

ES hss, hys; |-d -t ES hart heartache 'hart^ek; ES 'ha:theartbreak 'hart^brek; ES 'hart-

-ally -li

[-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

'hibru, 'hibriu

hearse hys;

Hebrides 'hebrajdiz

heart hart;

Hebron

heartbroken

Hecate 'hekati, in Shak. 'hekit hecatomb 'hekajtom, -jtum Hecht hekt

'hartjbrokan,

-'brokan;

ES

l-ed

ES

'hart^bsn, 'hart,byn;

-d

ES

'hartn; |-ed -d |-ing -tnig.

-tnig

heartfelt 'hart^felt, -'felt;

hsO jfull

|-d

hectare 'hekter, hectic 'hektik

hearten 'hartn;

hearth harO;

'hibran

heckle 'hekl

'hart-

ES

ES

harO; |-ths

'hart-

-&s—Poetic hyO,

-d |-ling 'hekhg, 'heklig -taer;

E

-tea(r,

ES

-taea(r

|-ly -li |-al -1 |-ally -li

hectograph 'hekta^graef; E-h-^graf, -igraf

Hector

'hekta^;

hector

'hekta^;

ES 'h£kta(r ES 'hekta(r;

|-ed

-d

|-ing

'hsktang, 'hektrig

Hecuba 'hekjuba

is still occas. heard.

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fytSa';

|-ly -i

|-ist -ist

Hebraistic jhibri'istik

Hebrew

'hea-

heartburn 'hartjbyn;

-'hartid

'hibi

Hebraism 'hlbriiizam

ES

ES

hebdomadal hefo'damadl; ES + -'dom-;

Hebe

-kmg

hearsay 'hir^se;

'hivi

hebdomad 'hebdajmaed

|

-kanig,

-ili

heavyweight 'hevijwet

heap hip heaped hipt

hearken 'harkan;

ES -wad

'hlvna(r

heavy-hearted 'hevi'hartid;

|-ful -fal |-fully -fall

|-thily -Gali, -Oik

ES

ES

heavy 'weighty' 'hevi heavy 'broken-winded'

|

heard hyd;

'hE'Sa(r; |-ed -d

Heaviside 'he vi, said

heal hil healed hild

1

ES

'hetJa^;

|

headstrong 'hEd^strag, -^strDg; S+-iStrag

ES

('heart-

hit [heated 'hitid

heathen 'hiSan |-ism -^izam

taz, -jkw-

ES

-whole 'maid)

heartwood 'hartiWud; ES

headphone 'hed^fon

'hart-

heart-to-heart 'hartta'hart;

heart-whole

headpiece 'hEd^pis

ES

heartstring 'hartjstrig;

-'mas-

hear hir;

see

hearth heartsease 'hartSjiz;

headlong 'hed'bg, -ibg, -og; S + -ag

healthy 'helGi

(ha:t)

'harO-;

heartily 'hartli, -ih;

headlight 'hedjait

headmaster

E with a

sounded a are often pronounced in

heading 'hedig

tory^

Hecuba

199

ES

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

— Helot

200

he'd he'd abbr. spelling ofhe had, he would, stressed

heddle 'hedj

helicoid 'heli/kaid

hehcoidal jheh'kaidl

hid

'hid, ,hid; imstr. id, id.

hedge hedj |hedges 'hedjiz |hedged hedsd hedgehog 'heds^hag, -thog, -ihng; S *h3g.

hedonism

jhiho'sentrik

hehocentric

Heliogabalus ;hiha'gaebalas heliograph 'hihajgraef;

|-al -1 |-ally -li

heUometer

|-ful -fal

|

-fully-

|-'s

-iz

E-i--jgraf,, -^grof

jhili'amata^^;

heUoscope 'hihajskop, i)

|-ed

ES

-'amatafr, -'nm-

heel hil heeled hild

|-less 'hilhs

heUotrope

-iz |-d -t

helium 'hiham

|-s

'hilja=

'hiljajtrop, 'hiha-

helix 'hihks [-es -iz

|-tapped -jtaept

Heep, Uriah ju'raia'hip

|

helices ^h£k,siz

hell hel

hett hsft Ihefted 'heftid [-y

he'll abbr. spellhig of

-i

Hegel 'hegl

unstr.

il, il,

he

will, stressed 'hil, jhil;

hil

ES

Hegelian he'gehan, hi'dsihan

hellbender 'hel^benda^;

hegemony hi'dsemam, 'hedsa^mom hegira, H- hi'dsaira, 'hsdsara

hellbroth 'hEl^braO, -jbroe |-ths -Gs

ES

Heidelberg 'haidl^byg;

hell-diver 'hEljdaiva';

hellebore

ES

Heifetz 'haifits

heigh

heigh-ho

ES

Hellenic hE'lEnik, -'lin- |-ally

Hellenism 'hEhnjizam, -Ian-

highth

cf

-jdaiva(r

heighten 'haitn |-ed -d

-li, -ikli

|-al -1 |-aliy -li.

-ikh

Heinic, -ne nickname 'haini

Hellenize

heinous 'henas

Hellespont 'hslajspant, -,spDnt

Heinz haints, hainz

E

|-'s

ES

£3(r,

hell-fire,

-iz |-

esses

ES

'aea-

ae3(r; |-ess -is

H-

'hel'fair, -,fair;

ES

-d

-aia(r

hellhound 'hEl,haund 'aer-,

-jlum;

E

'ea-,

hellion 'hEljan

Hejaz hs'dsaz

Hekate

'hfilinjaiz, -Ian- |-s -iz |-d

hellgrammite 'helgrajmait

-ISIZ

heirloom 'er'lum,

hejira,

E+

|-ist -ist

Hellenistic jhElm'istik, -Ian-

|-ing 'haitnig, -tnig

Heine 'haina

heir er, aer;

-jboaCr,

Hellene 'helin |Hellenes 'helinz 'he'hoj 'hai'ho |-ed -t

intj, n, v

height halt

ES

-jbar;

Hellen 'hslin, -an, -En

-iz

|-'s

'hElajbor,

-ibo3{r

'hefaCr

hai

intj he,

-jbEnda(r

hellcat 'hEljkaet

-ibsg, -jbyg; {Ger

'haid3l>£rk) heifer 'hEta-;

-iz

|-'e

heliotherapy jhiho'OErapi

-d

heelpiece 'hil^pis

|

-li.

Helios 'hihjQs; ES-f--jDS

-fah

heedless 'hidhs 'hijho, 'i^hS (nasal

|-ally

-i

Heliopolis jhih'apahs; ES-i--'Dp-;

|

'hil,taep

|-al

-ikh

'hidrijizani |-ist -ist

heed hid heeded 'hidid

heeltap

-'kaptad, -'kop-

Heligoland 'hehgojaend

Hedwig 'hedwig

heehaw

ES

helicopter jheh'kapta^;

-,hag, -,hDg

hedgerow 'heds^ro Hedjaz he'dsaz hedonic hi'danik; ES+-'dDn-;

|-ly -?

Hehcon, h- 'hEli,kan, -kan; ES-t--ikDn

-d |-ling -dlig, -dhg

|-d

H-

hellkite 'hEljkait

hello hE'lo, ha'lo, "helo, 'hAlo, emph. 'hEVlo,

hi'dsaira, 'hedsara

'hekatij

m

Shak. 'hekit

'hAl'lo

held held

helm hslm helmed helmd

Helen 'hebn, -an Helena 'hehna, he 'Una;

helmet 'hElmit |helmeted 'hElmitid

]

cf Saint

Helgoland 'hElgO/laend {Ger hehacal hi'laiakl -ly helical 'hehk}

-i,

H.

&=

Lena

Helmholtz

-akh

|-'s

-iz

in full §§3^7.

|bath baeO;

E

-iz

jclo'iz

\-'s

-xz

{Fr

ela'iiz

Helot, h- 'hslat, 'hilat |-ism -,izam |-ry -n

heUcline 'h£li,klain

Key: See

|-'s

Heloise wife of Abelard

-ly -i

Helicanus ^hEli'kenas

'hElnijholts

helmsman 'hElmzman j-men -man Heloise Eng name jhElo'iz -'s -iz

-jlant)

bee hi |pity

ba© (§19) |ah a

|far

*piti

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg iangrs' 'ag-gri

far |watch

wat.J',

wot/

(§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards |go go

— hereby

201

help help help |helped helpt |holp arch. past b" pptc holp |holpen arch, pptc 'holpan helpful 'helpfal

Henrietta jhenri'Eta

|-ly -i

helpmate 'help^met |helpmeet Helsingfors

henry,

'helpjinit

ES

-jfDrs;

'helsitj^farz,

-jfaaz,

H-

'hEnri

Helsinki 'helsigki

ES

'hElta^'skElta^;

'helta'sktl-

t3(r

|-al -1

hepatic hi'paetik -a -a

Hephaestus hi'fEstas Hephzibah 'hEfziba

-jfaas

helter-skelter

hennery 'hEnari henpeck 'hEn^pEk |-pecked -ipskt

-iz

|-'s

Hepplewhite 'hEpl^hwait heptagon 'hEptajgan; ES + -jgDn heptagonal hEp'taeganl

helve helv helved htlvd |

Helvetia hEi'viJa, -/la

|-n

heptameter hEp'taemata'; ES -'t£emata(r

-n

H-

ES

E + -ta:ki

Helvetii hel'vi/ijai

heptarchy,

hem liEm |hemmed h£md Hemans 'hemanz, 'himanz

Heptateuch 'hEpta^tjuk, -jtiuk, -;tuk Hepzibah Pyncheon 'hEpziba'prntJan

|-'s

-iz

'hEptarki;

her stressed 'hy,

hematic, hae- hi'maetik hematite, haem- 'hEmajtait

jhs';

ES

tmstr. ^, ba^;

ES

ha(r

|-'s

-iz

Hera

hemicyclic jhEma'saiklik, -'sik-

Heracles 'bErajkliz

hemidemisemiquaverjhemi;d£mi's£in3jkwev3^;

Heraclitus jbEra'klaitas

ES

|-'s

-iz

-iz

|-'s

hemin, hae- 'himin

herald 'bErald, bErld |-ed -id

Hemingway

heraldic bE'raeldik

'hEinig^we

|-al -1

|-gia ^liEini'plidsia

herb yb, hyb;

hemisphere 'hEinasjfir;

ES

herbaceous hy'bejas;

hemispheric jhema'sfErik

herbage 'ybids,

|-al -1 |-ally -li

|-ry -ri

-ally -li, -ikli

hyb ES bs-, by'byb-; ES 'sb-, 'bsb-, %b-.

ES

hemiplegy 'hEinijplidsi

-jfi3(r, S-i- -/fEa(r

^by;

'bira, 'bira

Herakles 'bEra^kHz

-jkwev3(r

'h3(r, ihsir, 'by,

a(r,

hemicycle 'hEinajSaikl

-ta:ki,

sb, bsb, yb,

'byb-

hemispheroid jhEma'sfiroid

herbal 'bybl, 'ybl;

hemistich 'hEma^stik

hemlock 'hemlak; ES-f-lok hemoglobin, haem- jhima'globm, jhEinahemophiha, haem- ^hima'filia, jhEmahemorrhage, haem- 'hEmarids, 'hEmrids

|-ism -jizam

ES

herbarium hy'bEriam, by-; |-s -z |-ia -la |-s

'bsbj, 'sbl, 'hs-bl, 'ybl;

|-ist -ist

Herbert 'byba^t;

ES

-'baer-, -'ber-;

ES

hs-.

'bsbat, 'bybat

ES bs-, byES bs-, byHerculaneum ihykja'leniam; ES ihs-, herbiferous hy'bifaras;

-IZ

hemorrhoid, haem- 'hEmajtaid,

hemp hEmp hempen 'hEmpan Hempl,

George,

Am

'hEiiijiraid

|-seed

-

jsid

scholar 'hEmpl

hemstitch 'hEmjStitJ

•herculean,

ES

-es -iz |-ed -t

hen hEn [henbane 'hEn^ben hence Hehs henceforth

jhEns'forO,

herd byd;

ES

-'farG;

-'foaO,

ES

-'faawad

henchman 'hEntJman |-men -man hencoop 'hEn^kup, -jkup hendiadys hEn'daiadis

-3-,

H- by'kjuban, -'kiul-,

see

ES

ES

'bs-, 'bs^-;

|-'s

-iz

bsd, hyd; -ed -id

Herder Ger poet 'hErda^; ES 'hEada(r herdsman 'bydzman; ES 'bsdz-, 'bydz-; |-nien

-man

here bir;

coop

jby-

jbykja'lian;

-y-

Hercules 'b^kjajiz;

E-F-'faaO

henceforward jhEns'farwa'd;

herbivorous by'bivaras;

ES

bia(r,

S+bjea(r, biia(r,

iEa(r,

bEa(r

Here 'biri=Hera

henequen, -quin %Enakin

hereabout jbira'baut, 'bira^baut; S+5ee here

Hengist 'hEggist, 'hEndsist

hereafter bir'aefta^;

Henley 'hEnli henna 'hEna |hennaed 'hEnad Hennepin 'hEnapin {Fr En'p^) |full

ful |tooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa^;

-'af-,

hereat hir'aet;

S-f-see

hereby bir'bai;

ES

ES

bir'aefta(r,

ES

here

bia'bai,

S+5ee here

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while bwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision

E-h-'af-,

S+see here

Visan [Eden

bau

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

— hereditable

202 hermetic

hereditable ha'redatabl |-bly -bli

hereditament jhera'ditamant

ES

hia'faaCr,

Am

Hereford 'herafa'd, by

ES

hy'metik;

hy-;

ha-,

-1

|-al

l-ally -h, -ikli

Hermia 'hymia, -mja; ES 'hsm-, 'hymHermione hy'maiani; ES ha-, by

hereditary ha'redajteri |-dity -dati herefor hir'far;

Hesperia

S+5ee here stockmen usually

ES 'herafad, 'hsf-, 'hyfad; |-shire -Jir, -JV; ES -Ji3(r, -/aCr herefrom hir'fram, -'from; ES hia-, S+5ee here

ES

hermit 'bymit;

'ham-, 'ham-; |-age -ids

-ages -idsiz

'hyfa^d;

I

Hermon 'hyman; ES

'ham-, 'ham-

ES

hernia 'bynia, -nja;

'han-, 'ban-;

-z

|-s

|-niae -ni,i

herein hir'in; S+^ee here hereinafter jhirin'aef ta^ ;

hereinto

E+-'af-,

ES

-'far;

-'fo3(r,

|-'s

S+^ee

-tu;

acct +

here

H- drug

heroine 'heroic woman' 'bero-m

hereon hir'an, -'on, -'an; S+see here

heroism 'berojizam

heretical ha'retikl |-ly

hereto hir'tu; heretofore

ES

heron 'beran

ES

ES

^hiata'foa(r,

ES

herpes 'hypiz;

'ha-, 'by-

ES

herpetology jbypa'taladsi; -'Anda(r,

S+^ee here

S+^ee here

hir'Antu, -tu;

-;Siu, -jSu

|-shaw -j/a

S+^ee here

hereunder hir'Anda^; hereunto

+ see here

-'far;

|-ry -ri

heronsew, -sewe arch, 'heran^sju,

-ikh

hia'tu, S

jhirta'for,

E + -'faa(r,

-i,

-iz

'hero-in

hereof hir'av, -'af, -'d-; S+i'ee here

heresy 'hsrasi jheretic 'heratik

|-'s

|-al -1 |-ally -li |-icly

-ikh heroin,

jherein'to

-iz

Herodotus ha'radatas; ES + -'rDd-; heroic bi'ro-ik, ha-, he-

?>+see here

hir'intu,

hero, H- 'hiro, 'biro Herod 'herad |-rodian he'rodian

Herodias ha'rodias, he-

jhirinbi'tor,

E + -'f33(r,

-'aeftaCr,

here

-'af-, 'Si+see

hereinbefore

ES

acct+

jbap-, jhyp-,

-'tol-

Herr Ger

title

her;

ES

bea(r

Herrick 'herik

/hereun'to

hereupon ;hira'pan, -'pon, -'pan; S+5ee here

herring 'berig |-bone -jbon

Hereward 'herawa^d; ES 'herawad

Herriot Ain pers. name 'heriat, Fr statesman

herewith hir'wiG, cf

-'wi?i;

ES

hia-,

S+^ee here;

ES

Herford 'hyfa^d;

Hergesheimer

'hygas,haim3';

ES

'hsgas-

jhaima(r, 'hygas;haima(r

H-

3^'self;

Engd

'heriat

heritable 'heratabl |-bly -bli

heritor 'hsrata^;

ES

//"

ha-, a-

US

ES

'bytfa^d;

'batfad, 'ba-tfad;

'bartfa^d;

E + 'ha:-;

|-shire

ES -iJir,

'ha:fad,

-JV;

hsl,

hyl

Herman 'hyman; ES

harts, hats, byts,

'hsm-, 'hym-

he's abhr. spelling

jhs-, jhy-; |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikk

Hermes 'hymiz; ES 'hsmiz, 'hymiz;

o/he has, he

jhiz; unstr. iz, iz, biz,

Hesiod

See in full §§3-47.

is,

stressed 'hiz,

hiz

'bisiad, 'bes-

hesitance 'hezatans |-cy

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far

-i

|-tant -tant

hesitate 'bezajtet |-d -id |-tion jbeza'te/an l-mes'

Hesper

'bespa^;

ES

Hesperia bes'piria

E

|-'s

Hesione hi'saiani, he-

-h, -ikli

hermeneutic jhyman'jutik, -ma'niutik, -'nu-;

|bath bicG;

ES

E+ha:ts

-IZ |-ian -lan

ES hs-, hyhermaphroditic hy/mafra'ditik; ES h3-,hy-; l-al -1 l-ally

ES

-Ja(r

Hertz berts, byts; ES heats, hats, hyts;

ES

hermaphrodite hy'maefrajdait;

Key:

'ha/-, 'by/-

"oi initial or after a pause

Herts short for Hertfordshire harts, byts;

'herata(r

ma(r

ES

byz

ES

'harfa^d,

- Ji3(r,

-iz

Herkimer 'hykama^; ES 'h3kama(r, 'hykaherl hyl;

ES

'ha:tfad, [-s

haz,

herself h3''self, +

Hertford

heritage 'hcratids |-tance -tans

ES

Herschel 'by/al;

'hsfad, 'hyfad

Herington 'herigtan heriot,

er'jo

hers hyz;

wherewith

'piti

'hespa(r |-n

-n

(§6) |rate ret [yet jet |sang saeg |angr\- 'aeg-gn

far [watch watj,

wot/

(§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards |go go

— high -test

203

Hesperides Hesperides hes'perajdiz

hiccup 'hikAp, 'hikap

Hesperus 'hesparas |-'s -iz Hesse Ger region hes, 'hesi {Ger Hessen The Ger word Hesse 'hesa means 'hesan)

hickory,

H-

hickory-nut ^hikrmat, 'hikari-,

H-

hi'daelgo (Sp i'tJalgo)

hidalgo,

hest best

hidden 'hidn

|-ness 'hidnnis

hide 'conceal' haid |hid hid |hidden 'hidn

'hestatf

haid hided 'haidid

Hestia 'hsstia

hide

hetaera hi'tira |hetaira hi'taira

hide-and-seek 'haidn'sik

Hetch Hetchy Valley

dial.

hid hid

'resident of Hesse' (Ger Hessen).

ES

-^iiAt,

'hika^nat

Hessian 'he/an Hester 'hesta^;

|-ed -t

'hikri, 'hikari

hidebound 'haid^baund

'het/'hEtXi'vaeli

heterodox 'hetarajdaks, 'hetra-;

'skin'

ES + ^dnks;

hideous 'hidias hie hai |hied haid

l-y-i

heterodyne 'hetarajdam

Hiems, h- 'haiamz

heterogeneity jhetaradsa'niati, jhctaro-

hierarch

-iz

|-'s

ES

'haia^rark;

heteronym 'hetarajnim

hieratic jhaia'rjetik

heterosyllabic jhetajro-si'laebik

hieroglyph 'haiara^ghf, 'haira-

hetman 'hetman \pl hetmans 'hetmanz hew hju, hiu \past -ed -d \pptc -ed -d or

hieroglyphic -n -n

ES

jhaiara'ghfik,

ES + -jrDn

high hai

hexagonal heks'aeganl

Higham ^haiam

ES

|-er 'haia^;

highball 'haijbal

highbinder 'haijbainda'; -z |-dra -dra

hexahemeron jheksa'hEmajran; ES+-jrDn hexameter heks'aemata^; ES -'aemata(r; |-ed -d hexane 'heksen hexangular hEks'aeggjala^;

ES

-'aeggjalaCr

-'rnn-

highborn 'hai'barn;

ES

ES

-jbainda(r

-'baan; ('high-born

Hass)

highboy

'hai^bai

highbred

'hai 'bred

high-brow 'hai^brau

hexapla 'heksapla

highfalutin, -ting, -ten ,haifa'lutn, -'hutn

hexapod 'heksajpad; ES + -jpnd hexarchy 'heksarki; ES 'heksaiki, E+-a:ki Hexateuch 'heksajtjuk, -jtiuk, -^tuk hey he [heyday 'he^de

highflier 'haijflaia-;

Heyne

highjacker 'haijdsaeka^;

'haina

He)rwood 'hewud Hezekiah jheza'kaia hiatus hai'etas

ES

hibernate 'haiba^^net;

|full

'hai^get,

Engd

H-

'hailand

'haigit

ES

-idgaekaCr

ES

|-er -a^;

high-pressure 'hai'preja^;

-'bsnl, -'bynl

ES

ES

-basnet;

ES

|-d

-id

jhaiba-

-a(r

sp. for

-'prs/aCr

high-strung 'hai'strAij ('high-jstrung 'nervesj

hight arch, v

'call' 'called' bait

hight var. sp. of height hait

|-es -iz

hiccup

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^;

ES

highroad 'haijtod, -'rod high-spirited 'hai'spiritid

-'bsn-, -'byn-; |-n -n

hai'biskas, hi-

hiccough erroneous

US

highhanded 'hai'haendid

high-pitched 'hai'pit/t ('high-,pitched 'note)

l-nicism -najSizam

H-

Highgate

highminded 'hai'maindid

hibernation jhaiba^'ne/an;

hibiscus,

-jflai'3(r

highlight V 'haijlait |-ed -id

|-es -iz

Hibernia hai'bynia;

ES

high-flown 'hai'flon ('high-jflown 'speech)

highland,

Hiawatha jhaia'waOa, -VnOa hibernal hai'bynl;

-1

'hai-a(r; |-est -ist

hexahedral jheksa'hidral |-s

|-al

-ling 'highrj, ^higlig

hexagram 'h8ksajgraem hexahedron ^heksa'hidran

jhaira-

higgledy-piggledy 'higldi'pigldi

hexagon 'heksajgan, -gan; ES + -jgDn |-ly -i

-ikh

-ikh

higgle 'higl |-d -d

-jkaad

hexa-emeron jheksa'cmajran,

l-ally -h,

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

Hieronymus jhaia'ranamas,

hex heks |hexes 'heksiz |hexed hekst

hexachord 'heksajkard;

E+-jra:k;

-jaik,

|-y-i

heterogeneous jhetara'dsinias, -njas

high-test 'hai'test

ES

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

—

—

—

highth doublet of height haitO, Bril+haiQ Highth is not an error for height, hut a pho-

normal

netically e.g.

history

204

highth

found

variant,

historical

-'far-;

ES

-'foa-, E-f--'faa-

hindsight 'haind^sait, 'ham-

in Milton.

Hindu 'hindu, 'hin'du ('Hin^du Hinduism 'hmdujizam Hindu Kush 'hmdu'kuj, -du-

high-toned 'hai'tond highty-tighty 'haiti'taiti

highway 'haijwe

highwayman highwayman

hindside 'hamd/Said, 'hainhind-side-foremost 'hamdjsaid'forjmostj'hain-,

Hindustan jhmdu'stsen, -'stan

'hai^weman, hai'we-

'robber'

'road

'haiwe^maen

overseer'

'races)

-i

|-i

hinge hinds |hinges 'hindsiz |hinged hindsd

Hingham 'higam

|-men -jm£n

hinny

hike haik hiked haikt |

E

Hilaire hi'ler, -'laer;

ES

-'kaCr,

'hini

Hinsdale 'hmzdel

-laeaCr

hilarious ha'krias, hi-, hai-, -'laer-, -'ler-

hint hint [hinted 'hmtid

hilarity ha'laerati, hi-, hai-

hinterland

Hilda 'Hilda

ES

'hmta^jlaend;

'hinta-;

Hildebrand 'hildsjbrasnd {Ger 'hildajbrant) Hildegarde 'hildajgard; ES -;ga:d, E + -jga:d

hip hip |hipped hipt |-bone -'bon, -^bon

hilding 'hildig

hippocras 'hipajkraes

hippocampus jhipa'kaempas

I

hillbilly 'hil^bih

Hippocratic ,hipa'kraetik

HilUs

Hippocrene 'hipa/krin, jhipa'krini hippodrome 'hipa,drom

'hilis |-'s -iz

hill-less 'hillis

hillock 'hibk |hillocked 'hilakt

hippogriff, -gryff 'hipa,grif

hillside 'hil^said

Hippolyta hi'palita; ES-h-'pnl-;

|-s

hippopotamus

-z |-la -la

him stressed 'him, jhim; unstr. im, him Himalaya hi'malja, -'malaja, jhima'lea |-n -n In Engd the traditional Anglicized i-s -z pron.

still

rare), as

more

it

a

ES

Hirsch hy/;

ES

his stressed

|-'s

ES 'haindafr 'hindaf; ES 'hindaCr;

|-ed -d

When

no h, just

like he,

'hainda-

|-nic

his'paenik

his |hisses 'hisiz |hissed hist

hist hist |histed 'histid

histology his'taladji; ES-h-'toI-

'hindi, 'hin'di

hindmost 'haind^most, 'ham-

Hindoo 'hindu, 'hin'du

|-ism

historian his'torian, -'tor-; S -'tor-

^hindujzam

Hindostan ,hindu'staen, -'stan 'haind'kwarta',

-'kw33t3(r

historic his'tarik, -'tank, -'tnrik ]-al -1 |-alty

-h, -ikh

|-stani jhindu'staeni, -'stani |-i

historicity ^hista'risati

-i

'ham-;

ES

historiographer jhistori'agrafa', hiSjton-, -an, -'og-; S -on-,

hindrance 'hindrans

it.

hispid 'hispid |hispidity his'pidati Iiiss

ES

'hs-, 'hy-

Hispaniola ^hispan'jola

|-ing 'hindrig, 'hindarig

hindermost 'hainda^jmost;

-iz

ES

jhiz; unstr. iz, hiz

Hispania his'penia, -nja

hinder 'hack' 'hainda^;

I-s

-iz

See in full §§3~47.

E

'hs-, 'hy-

hsj, hsj";

'hiz,

her, him, 'em,

hindbrain 'liaind^bren, 'ham-

hindquarter

ES

haia(r; |-d -d [-ling -lig

entirely unstressed, his has

hind haind

Ibath baeO;

hircine 'hysain, -sin;

hirsute 'hysut, -siut, -sjut;

pause im'self

Key:

Hiram 'hairam

Hirohito jhiro'hito

one has recently become

himself him's£lf,+?/ not initial or after

Hindi

-tas

ES + -'pDt-;

^hipa'patamas;

once did in America, but the pron.

'obstruct'

|-tus

-iz

|-mi -^mai

hire hair;

frequent here.

hinder

|-es -IZ

prevails (Jones says hi'malaja is

like the native

j-'s

|-tus's -tasiz

hilt hilt ihilted 'hiltid

hilum 'hailam

-pai

|-es -iz |-pi

ES + -'pDk-;

Hippocrates hi'pakrajtiz;

hilled hild

hill hil

{Ger

-jlant)

ES

-fa(r

history 'histri, 'histari |-ried -rid

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet [sang saeg |angry 'asg-gri baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wot/, wntj (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards Igo go

—

— 205

histrionic

ES + -'Dn-;

hole

hit-and-miss ^hitn'mis

Hoboken 'hobokan Hobson 'habsn; ES-f-'hobsn hock hak; ES+hnk; |-ed -t hockey 'haki; ES + 'hoki

hit-and-run 'hitn'rAn ('hit-and-^run 'driver)

hocus

^histri^anik;

histrionic |-ally -Ii,

-1

|-al

-ikh

hit hit

|

H-

hither

'hitJa^;

ES

'hitJa(r;

^hitSa^'tu;

hitherward 'hitJa'wa'd

('hither.to

^hitJa-;

ES

ES

;

'hitiawad;

[-s

-z

|-ism -jizam [-ite

'hitlaCr;

-jait

Hitlerian hit'lirian hit-or-miss 'hita^'mis;

ES

'hita^mis

hit-skip 'hit'skip |-ped -t ('hit-^skip 'driver)

|

hm hm

the

h

ES ho3(r, E-i-hosCr hoard herd, hard; ES hoad, E-t-haad; |-ed -id hoarfrost 'hor^frast, 'har-, -^frDst; ES 'hoa-, hor, har;

E-f-'haa-

hoarhound

'horjhaund,

'har-;

ES

'hoa-.

ES

hoas, E-i-haas

'hori, 'hari; S 'hori hoaryheaded 'hori'h£did,

'hari-;

S

'hori-;

hob hab; ES+hob; |-bed -d hob-and-nob 'haban'nab; ES + 'hoban'nnb Hobart Tasni 'hoba^t, -bart, US pers. name -bat, -ba:t

Hobbes habz; ES-t-hnbz;

ES + 'hnbl;

|-'s

]-d

-iz

-d |-Ung -blig,

Hogarthian

'habi; ES-i-'hobi; |-horse -^hars;

ES

-jhaas

-'ga:0-,

'hag-, 'hog- |-ed -t

hog hogwash 'hagjwaj", —cf hog

—c/hog

jhog-

'hag-, 'hog-, -iWa/, -jWdJ

ES

-jzalan, -jZdI-:

{Ger jho:an'tsalarn)

hoiden 'haidn

|-ed -d j-ing -dniij,

-dnig

hoi polloi 'haipa'lai hoise arch, haiz jhoised haizd or hoist haist hoist V pres haist |-ed -id

hokeypokey 'hoki'poki Hokkaido ha'kaido, hohokum 'hokam Holbein 'holbam,

'hal-, 'hol-

hold hold [held held

\arch.

pptc hoiden 'holdan

holdall 'holdpl

holdback 'hold^baek

hobman-blind

Hoiden 'holdan, -dm

'habman'blaind; ES-f'hnb-;

hodman-blind

holder 'holda^;

ES

'holda(r

hobnail 'hab^nel; ES-h'hob-; |-ed -d

holdfast 'hold.faest; E-t--,fasf, -,fast

hobnob 'hab^nab; ES+'hob^nnb; |-bed -d hobo 'hobo

holdup 'holdjAp

[full

E-f-

hognose 'hag^noz, 'hag-, 'hog- j-d -A—cf hog hognut 'hagjnAt, 'hag-, 'hng-, -nat cf hog hogshead 'hagz^hed, 'hagz-, 'hogz-, -zid cf

hobgobHn 'hab^gabbn; ES-t-'hob^gobbn see

ES

ho'garOian;

Holborn Loud 'hoba^n, 'hoi-; ES -ban; Scotl hol'bom, -'bam; ES -'boan, E + -'baan

-bhg hobbledehoy 'habldi.hai; ES-f 'hob-

hobby

see hoodman-blind hoe ho jhoed hod [-cake -jkek hog hag, hag, hog; S hag, hag, hng; [ged -d Hogarth 'hogarO; ES -ga:0, E-|--ga:0

hoicks haiks

('hoary jheaded 'joke)

hoax hoks |hoaxes 'hoksiz [hoaxed hokst; \NEngd+}x6ks {§46)

hobble 'habl;

hodman-bhnd 'hadman'blaind; ES+'hod-;

Hohenzollern 'hoan^zala^n;

hoary

ES

ES-f'hndsjpods;

Hohenlinden 'hoan^hndan Hohenstaufen Ger jho:an'/taiifan

E-i-'haa-

hoarse hors, hars;

'hoba^t;

'hads^pads; -d

hogmanay jhagma'ne,

nasal, w-ith closed lips

ho ho

H-

-iz |-d

hogback 'hag^baek,

hive haiv hived harvd

hoar,

hodgepodge

-'ga:0-

Hittite 'hitait

h'm,

[-ed -t

Hodgenville 'hadsan^vil; ES-f-'hodj-, S+-vl

[-most -jmost

ES

|-s

'hitla^;

[hocused

hod had; ES-f-hod

halts

'came)

Hitler

'hokasiz

|hocuses

hocus-pocus 'hokas'pokas

hitchhike 'hit/^haik -hiked -^haikt hithe,

'hokas

'hokast

hitch hit/ Ihitches 'hitjiz |hitched hit/t

hitherto

—

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^;

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz,

fmz

ES

'fs'Sa

hole hoi jholed hold

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[dish dij [vision 'visan

tai

[Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

—

.

H-

'holinis

Holinshed

home hom |homed homd;

ES + 'hnl-

holiday 'habjde; holiness,

|-'s

-iz

ES +

'halnij/ed;

'hahnzjhEd,

part=

homely 'homh; A^Eng^+'hb'mli homemade 'hom'med

ha 'la see hollo Holland 'habnd; ES+'hnlhollandaise ^halan'dez; ES+^hul-; jdaise 'sauce)

hollo 'halo, ha'lo

— This

ES

word

living

'hal3(r, 'hoi-,

holler

is

shunned by many.

ES + 'hnl-; |-ed -d |-ing ES -W3(r; |-est -lawist

hollow 'halo, 'hab; |-er

('hollan-

'wordb'\io\\diare hardly

The

in current use.

-lawa^;

holly 'hah;

ES + 'hoh

hollyhock

'hah,hak,

Holmes homz; NEtigd+h'6mz

(§46)

|-'s

'holmiam

|holmium

'holmia

-iz

1-mic

-mik holocaust 'halajkast; ES + 'holHolof ernes, -pher- jhab'fyniz;

ES

jhab-

'faniz, jhnl-, -'fyniz; |-nes' -niz

holograph 'hab^graef;

ES + 'hol-,

-/graf

holophote 'habjfot;

ES + 'hnl-

holp arch, past &' pptc of help help

holpen arch, pptc of help 'holpan Holstein 'holstain, with US farmers usually

ES

-st3(r; |-ed

H-

holt;

NEngd+Kolt

holy 'hoh |holily

'holali,

-ikh

-ei

homer

Homer

'homa^; 'homa^;

ES 'homaCr ES 'homaCr |-al -1 |-ally

-h, -ikli

homesick 'hom^sik

homespun 'honijSpAn homestead, H- 'homjSted, 'homstid homestretch 'hom'stret/

|-es -iz

homeward 'homwa-d; ES 'homwad homework 'hom^wyk; ES -^wsk, -^wyk homey 'homi homicidal jhama'saidl; ES+-ihDm-; |-ly -i homicide 'hamajsaid; ES + 'homhomiletic jhama'ktik; ES + ihnm-; |-al -1 -ikh

homily 'hamli; ES+'hom-

hominy 'hamani; ES + 'homhomo, H- 'homo \pl homines 'hamayiiiz; ES + 'homhomogamic jhoma'gasmik, ^ham-; ES + zhomhomogamy ho'magami, -'mngjham-;

ES +

^ham-;

ES +

homogenesis jhoma'dsEnasis, jham-;

ES +

jhiom-

-d |-ing 'hol-

starig, 'holstrig holt,

|-ally -li,

homogeneity jhomadsa'niati,

'holstin {Ger 'halXtain)

Holstein-Friesian 'holstain'frisan, -stinholster 'holsta^;

homeopathic jhomia'pseOik

homeopathist jhomi'apaGist; ES+-'dp-; |-thy

l-ally -li,

E+-^graf,

{§46)

homemaker 'honijmeka^; ES -^mekaCr homeopath 'homi3jpae6 |-ths -6s

Homeric ho'inerik

ES + 'hoh^faDk;

-jhok;

The pronunciation 'hah^hok is evidenced from all parts of US and from Canada. Hollywood 'hahjwud; ES + 'holiholm horn holmia

homebred 'hom'bred ('home-bred 'mink) homeland 'homeland homelike 'hom,laik

'head.'

holla 'hala,

-bwiij

\A^Engd+K6m

{§46)

'hoi-; -]Jed is a sp. pron.; the second

'hala^;

homoDhonous

206

holiday

{§46)

homogeneous jhom-

jhoma'dsLmas,

/hnm-

-hh

ES+

holyday 'holi,de

homogenize ho'mad33,naiz;

Holyhead Wales 'hah.hed, -'hed; ES + 'tnliHolyoke 'holijok. Mass city cf college 'holjok Holyrood Scotl 'halijrud; ES + 'hnli-

homologous ho'malagas; ES+-'mDlhomologue 'hamajbg, -jlag, -jlog; ES + 'hom-

holystone 'holi/Ston

|-d

-d

holy tide 'holi^taid

ES + 'hnlihomage 'hamids, 'am-; ES + 'hom-, 'nm-; Holywell 'halijW£l, -wal;

|-s

-IZ |-d -d

hombre Sp 'man' bmbre \pl -bres -bres hombre 'omber' 'amba^; ES 'ambaCr, 'nm-

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeG;

E

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) [ah a

|far

'piti

-'mods-

homology ho'maladsi; ES + -'mDlhomonym 'hama^nim; ES + 'liDmhomonymous ho'manamas; ES+-'mmi-; |-my -mi

homophone 'ham3;fon; ES + 'hnmhomophonic jhama'fanik; ES + ihoma'tomk homophonous ho'mafanas; ES+-'mDf-; |-ny

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang S£eg langry 'asg-gri

far |watch watj,

wotj

(§12) |jaw dga |gorge gards [go go

— homorganic homorganic jhomar'gaenik, jham-; ES jhomaa'gaenik, jham-, jhora-

Homo

-li

hooky 'huki

-Jai

hooligan 'huhgan [-ism -jizam

'ho'naen, -'nan(C/ww 'xA'nan)

Honduran han'duran, hnn-;

-'diur-, -'djur-;

ES +

honey 'hAni jhoneyed

[-ed -t

hoopoe 'hupu hooray hu're, huHoosac 'husak, -saek

hone hon [honed hond

ES + 'nn-;

hoop hup, hup

hooping-cough 'hupigjkof, 'hupig-, -jknf

|-ras -ras |-ras's -rasiz

honest Wist;

Hooker 'huka^; ES 'hukaCr hookup 'hukjAp

hookworm 'huk^ws^m; ES -^wsm, -jwa^m

sapiens 'homo'sepiiCnz

homunculus ho'mAgkjabs

Honan

hornpipe

207

|-y -i

'liAnid |-bee -jbi

honeycomb 'hAni,kom |-ed -d honeydew 'hAnijdju, -jdni, -^du honeymoon 'hAnijinun |-ed -d

hoosegow, hoosg- 'husgau

honeysuckle 'hAiu^sAkl

hoot hut [hooted 'hutid

|-d

Hoosic, -sick 'husik

honey-tongued 'hAni'tAijd ('honey-jtongued 'hag'kag, 'hon'kng

Honiton 'hanitn,

loc.

'hAnitn;

ES + 'hnn-

honk 'hogk, 'haok, 'hogk |-ed -t Honolulu jhana^la, -lu; ES + ^hon-; 'ho'noUuUu {even

honor

'ana';

ES

-nang, -nrig jon-;

native

[-able -abl, -nrsbl |-bly -bli -'raer-, -'rer-;

ES +

'buva(r

-pei 'ho'pe

hoplite 'haplait;

ES + 'hnp-

hop-o'-my-thumb 'hapamai'OAm; ES4- 'bnphopper 'hapaf; ES 'hapa(r, 'hephopscotch 'hapjskatj";

-na

ES + 'on^anaVifik; ES + ^Dn-;

Horace 'bans,

honorary 'an3,rEri; honoritic

ES

(§46)

Hopeh,

'an3(r, 'Dn3(r; |-ed -d |-ing

-z |-ria

|-s

'huva^;

Hopatcong ho'paetkqg, ha-, -kog hope, H- hop [hoped hopt; \NEngd+h'6p

stress)

honorarium jana'rEriam,

Hoover

'husaCr

hooves pi of hoof huvz, huvz hop hap; ES+hnp; |-ped -t

'Ann)

Hong Kong

ES

Hoosier 'husa-;

-d

[-al

-1

[-ally

-J"io

Honshu 'hanju, 'hon-

Horatius ba'rejas, bo-, -Jias

hooch hutj

horde hord, hard;

hood,

H- hud |hooded 'hudid

-hood

efiding, pron.

number jhud.

from

-hud, -^hud according

of syllables; as 'maenbud,

The pron. of lite

all

to

'laikh-

|-s

horehound E-i- 'baa-

hooves -vz

-s \rarely

The pronunciation huf the

N, E, and

S,

'borba'lija,

'bor^baund,

^bara'zantj,

-'zon-; |-ly

'har-;

ES

'boa-.

ES

'bar-;

'boa-.

jbar-,

^bor-;

ES +

-i

hormone 'barmon; ES 'baamon

Hormuz 'barniAz; ES 'baamAz; |-'s H- barn; ES haan; |-ed -d hornblende 'barnjbknd; ES 'haanhornbook 'barn^buk; ES 'baanHornell bar'nel; ES baa'nel Horner 'barna'; ES 'baana(r hornet 'barnit; ES 'baanit Hornie 'bami; ES 'baam horn-mad 'barn'maed; ES 'baanhornpipe 'bam,paip; ES 'baan-

-iz

horn,

|-ed -t

clearly prevails in

and probably in Canada.

hook huk [hooked hukt |-ness 'hukidnis

ful [tooth tuO [further 'fy'Sa';

1-d -id

'bar-, -eb; S 'bor-

,

horizontal

hookah, -ka 'huka

[full

-iz

|-'s

boad, E+baad;

horizon ba'raizn |-ed -d |-ing -'raizmg -znig

Hooghly, -gly 'hugh

hooked adj 'hukid, hukt

ES

E-i--'baa-

adding -hud

or -jhud directly to the main ward. hoodlum 'hudbm hoodman 'hudman |-men -man hoodman-blind 'hudman'blamd hoodoo 'hudu [hoodooed 'hudud hoodwink 'hud^wigk |-ed -t

hooey 'hui hoof huf , huf

Horeb 'borab, Hore-BeUsha

such words omitted

vocab. can be found by

[-ed -t

-iz

[-'s

Horatian ha'rejan, bo-, -/lan Horatio ba're/o, bo-,

-h, -ikli

ES + 'hop^skntj";

'bar-, 'bor-, -as

ES

'fa'Sa

[custom 'kAstam [while bwail jhow bau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse f juz, fiuz [dish dif [vision 'vijan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

—

—

horologe

Hottentot

208

horologe 'harajods,

ES+'Jods;

-]lad5;

'hor-,

'har-,

ES

horologer ho'raladsa^, ho-;

-'raladsaCr,

'haast-

'haasi

ES

hortative 'hartativ;

'haata-

ES

-jtari;

'haata,ton,

E + -;tari

horoscope harajskop, 'har9-, 'hnra-

ES + -'rDS-

horoscopy ho'raskapi, ha-;

ES

'harst'vssl;

ES

hortatory 'hartajton,

-'rol-; |-gist -dgist |-gy -dsi

ES

Hortense har 'tens;

horrendous ha'tEndas, ha-, ho-

haa-;

|-'s

-iz

ha-

|-ius

ES

Hortensia har'tensia, -Jia;

horrent 'harant, 'har-, 'hor-

ES

Hortensio har'tensi^o, -'tEnJjo;

ho-

horticulture 'hartiikAhJa-

H-

ES

;

hosanna,

horrify 'hara^fai, 'har-, 'hor-

hose hoz |hoses 'hoziz |hosed hozd

|-fied -jfaid

'har-, 'hnr-

hosier 'hosa^;

ES

'arda'kamha;

'aada-,

ES

aa-; {Fr

ES

haas;

ES

'ho3a(r; |-y

-i,

|-s

ES

'haas-

ES 'haasES 'ha3Sjka:(r, E + -jka:(r

horseback 'hars^baek; horsecar 'harsjkar;

horsecloth 'hars^kbG, -^kloO |-ths -6s,

see

-tSz

-iz

hospitable 'haspitabl, 'hns-,

much

less freq.

hospitality ;haspi'taelati, ^hos-

hospitahzation jhaspitla'ze/an, jhns-, -ai'z-

hospitahze 'haspitj^aiz, 'hos-

|-s

-iz |-d -d

host host [hosted 'hostid

ES + 'hns-; |-s -iz ES + 'hos-; |-ry -ri 'hastla^; ES 'hastla(r, 'hns-

hostage 'hastids;

cloth

ES 'haasES 'haas-

horsefly 'hars,flai;

horsehair 'harsjhcr, -^haer;

E

hosteler

'haasjh£a(r,

ES

'haaSjhaeaCr

ES

horsehide 'hars,haid;

'haas-

ES 'haas-, -jdsoki ES 'haas-, E + -jlaf,

horse jockey 'harsjdsaki;

horselaugh

'harsjaef;

horseman

'haas-; |-men

'haas-;

manager

rider,

horseman racing

ES

hostile 'hastl, -til:

ES + 'hos-

hostility has'tilati;

ES+hos-

hostler

ES

'harsman;

sport, expert 'harsjinaen;

ES

'haas-; |-men -jin£n

ES

'hasla^,

'asla^;

ES

'hasla(r,

'haas-

ES 'ha3s,pau-a(r ES 'haas-; |-es -iz 'harsjju, -jjiu; ES 'haa/-,

horsepower 'harsjpaua^;

ES+hnt

ES + 'hntES + 'hothotbox 'hatjbaks; ES + 'hot^boks; |-es -iz hot-breathed 'hat'breet; ES + 'hnthotchpot 'hat/jpat; ES + 'hot/jpot hotchpotch 'hat/ipatj; ES + 'hot/jpotJ"; |-es hot-blooded 'hafbUdid;

-IZ |-ed -t

horse-radish 'hars'rajdi/;

hotel ho't£l ('Hojtel 'Cleveland)

horseshoe 'harjjju,

hotfoot 'hat.fut;

ES

horsewhip 'harsjhwip;

hothouse 'hat,haus;

See in full §§3^7.

ES

-jwum-; see

Horsham 'harjam; ES 'haa/am;

E

ES + 'hntES + 'hnt-; |-ses -ziz H- 'hatjspy; ES 'hatjsp3(r, -/spy,

hotheaded 'hat'hedid;

ES

'haas-; |-ped -t

woman

'hot-

sp. pron.

bee hi [pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

hotspur,

i-ed -id

ES-i- 'hot-

'haas-

horsewoman 'harsjwiiman, 'haas-; |-women -jWimin

|bath baeG;

ES + 'hnt-;

hothead 'hatched;

'haas-; |-d -d horsetail 'hars,tel;

'asla(r

'hos-, 'ds-

hotbed 'hat^btd;

j-es -iz

-man

horseplay 'hars^ple;

-d

hostess 'hostis [hostesses 'hostisiz

hot hat;

|-ed -t

horseleech 'hars,litX;

|-d

hostel 'hastl;

horseflesh 'harsjfkj;

Key:

-sri

'hoz-

hospital 'haspitl, 'has^pitl, 'hns-

-iz |-d -t

|-s

horse-and-buggy adj 'harsn'bAgi;

;

ho'zia, 'hozia

has'pitabl, hos- |-bly -hh

ar'doe:vr)

-^laf

name

Hosmer 'hazma^; ES 'hazma(r, hospice 'haspis, 'hns-

-'kom-; {Fr ardako'ba) hors d'oeuvre ar'doevra, -'dAv;

horse hars;

ho'zia, pers.

('Hojsea 'Biglow)

-ra(r

Horsa 'harsa; ES 'haasa hors de combat

ho'zaena

Hosea prophet

-iz

|-'s

ES

'hara', 'har-, 'hor-;

ha-

'haatijk Alt/a (r

horrification ^harafa'kejan, jhar-, ^hor-

horror

-s

|-ius's -siz

horrid 'hand, 'har-, 'hor-

Horrocks 'haraks,

(F,-

b'r'ta:s)

horrible 'harabj, 'har-, 'hur- |-bly -bli

horrific ha'rifik, ha-,

Horst Wessel horsy 'harsi;

-iz

|-s

'piti

Hottentot 'hatn,tat;

ES + 'hotn^tot

(§6) |rate ret |yet jst [sang saeg |angn,- 'aeg-gn

far |watch wat/,

wotj

(§12) |jaw dja |gorge gards |go go

Howard

Houdini hu^dini

hough hak; ES+hok;

Hough

[-ed -t (Sc

howdah 'hauda how-do-you-do

'hotn, 'hautn, 'hotri

Houlton 'holtn hound haund |hounded 'haundid Hounslow 'haunzlo hour aur; ES aua(r hourglass

ES

'aur^glaes;

ES %au«ad

'haua^d;

howbeit hau'biit

hox)

hAf, hoi, hai, hni

Houghton

hullabaloo

209

Houdini

^haudaJaMu,

di'du, 'haud'du

how-dy-do 'haudi'du E+-]glas,

^aua-,

howe'er hau'er;

ES

Howells 'haualz

|-'s

hau'ea(r -iz

ES hau'£va(r 'hauitsa^; ES 'hauitsa(r

however hau'eva^;

-iglas; |-es -iz

houri 'huri, 'hauri

howitzer

Housatonic jhusa'tanik; ES+-'tDn-; loc.+

howl haul [howled hauld

house n haus [house's 'hausiz [houses 'hauziz V

[-er -a^;

hauz [houses 'hauziz [housed hauzd

houseboat 'hausjbot

[-ed -id

housebreaking 'haus,brekig housecarl 'hausjkarl;

ES

-^ka:l,

houseful 'hausjful

ES

-'8va(r

hoy hai [hoyed hoid hoyden 'haidn [-ed -d [-ing -dnig, -dnig hub hAb [hubbed hAbd

huckaback 'hAka^baek

[fuls -jfulz

huckle 'hAkl [-back -jbaek (-backed -jbaekt

household ^aus^hold, -jold housekeeper ^hauSikipa*;

howsoever jhauso'eva';

hubbub 'hAbAb Hubert 'hjuba^t, %iu-; ES -bat

E+'^ka:!

housefly 'haus^flai

ES

huckleberry,

-jkipaCr

H-

'hAkl^beri,

housel 'hauzl [houseled 'hauzld

hucklebone 'hAkjjbon

ES

-ban

houseless 'hauslis

huckster 'hAkst*;

housemaid 'haus^med

hucksterer 'hAkstara^;

house-raising 'haus^rezio

huddle 'hAdl

housetop 'hausjtap; ES+-jtDp

Hudibras

housewarming 'hauSjWDrmig; ES -jWDamig

Hudibrastic jhjudi'braestik, jhiu-

housewife ^wommi' 'hausjwaif

Hudson 'hAdsn

|-ves -vz

housewife 'sewing-kit' 'hAzif, 'haus^waif

|-fes

housewife v 'haus^waif

|-s

ES

soldier b" city 'hjustan, 'hius-; street,

Ga

co.

'haustan, Scotl 'hustan

Houyhnhnm

hu'inam,

^winam,

^hwin-

ES + 'hDvl;

-iz

'hiub-,

'hjubna^,

'hib-;

less freq. 'hava^;

ES

-V3(r,

'hov-; j-ed -d [-ing -varig, -vrig

Hugh

-na(r;

h)u, hiu

hjuz, hiuz

Hugh 'hugk Hugo %jugo,

|-'s

-iz

'hiugo

Huguenot 'hjugajnat, 'hiu-; ES-h-^nrat huh hA {nasal a) &" various other grunts hula or hula-hula 'hula, 'hula 'hula

hulk hAlk [hulked hAlkt

how hau

hull hAl [hulled hAld

How(e) hau

hullabaloo 'hAlabajlu, 'hAlaba'lu

[full

ES

Huidekoper 'haidi^kopa^; ES -;kopa(r

[-ed -d [-ing -vlig, -vlig

hover 'hAva^, imich

[-'s

hug hAg [hugged hAgd huge hjudg, hiuds, judj huggermugger 'hAga^^mAga^; ES 'hAga^mAgaCr

Hughes

''m^m^m hove n &° past of heave hov hovel %Avl, much less freq. 'havl;

'hjudi^braes, 'hiu-

huff hAf [huffed hAft

Housman 'hausman

NYC

'hAkstara(r

Huerta 'werta {Sp Verta)

-jwsk, -jwyk

housing 'hauzig

botanist 'hustan,

ES

-d [ling ^hAdhg, 'hAdhg

{Ger 'hy:bnar)

-s [-d -t

housewifery 'hausjwaifn, -fan, 'hAzifri

housework 'hausjwyk;

|-d

'hAksta(r

hue hju, hiu jhued hjud, hiud

Huebner

-fs [-ves -vz

Eng

-a(r

Hubbell 'hAbl

housebroken 'haus^brokan

Houston Tex

ES

howlet 'haukt

jhuza-

house

'haudaju'du.

'haudaji'du, 'haudja'du, 'haudju'du, 'hau-

ful [tooth tue [further 'fytSa^;

ES

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan

[Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em

tai

'kipni

— — husband

210

hulio hullo ha'lo Ihulloed ha'lod

humph

Hulme hjum, hium, hAlm

pufs

Humphrey,

Hultzen hul'tsen

hum hAm jhummed hAmd

l-s'

human

'hjuman, 'hiuman, 'juman -mannis humane hju'men, hiu'men, ju'men

-ry

'hAmfn, 'Am-,

humus 'hjumas, Hun hAn

|-ness

hunch

'hjumaiiiizam, 'hiu-

|-ist -ist

-'ter-,

^hjumaena-, jhiu-

[hunches

hAntJ"

[th -e

-dad;

-drid,

Humber 'hAmba^; ES 'hAmb3(r Humbert ^Amba^t; ES 'hAmbat humble 'hAmbl, Umbl |-d -d The Umbl is well preserved in the S.

been current

bumblebee 'hAmbl^bi humbler 'hAmbla^, Um-; ES -bhst |-bly -bk

Humboldt 'hAmboIt

historical

-blaCr;

|-blest

{per 'humbalt)

jdrAmd

Hume

hjum, hium humerus 'hjumaras, 'hiuhumid 'hjumid, 'hiumid

hunh hA (nasal hunk hAgk hunky 'hAgki

'hiu-;

ES

jhjumili-.

biu-,

S

-^tari;

H-

'hiu-, 'ju-;

ES

The

-inrig

ES

[-Ung

'hsdijgsdi.

hsl, bs^l; |-ed -d

hurly-burly 'hylijbs'li;

hurrah ha'ra, ha'ra, hu-

'juma'.

in 'sense of

'hsli^bsli,

hurray ha 're, hu-

hurry 'hyi;

ES

ES

'hsn-, 'hAn-, 'hyi-

'hsn, 'hAn, 'hyi;

hurry-scurry, -sk- 'hs'i'skyi;

'hiu-, 'ju|-al -1

humorous 'hjumaras, 'hiu-, 'juhump hAmp [humped hAmpt

humpback 'hAmpjbaek [-backed -jbaekt Humperdinck 'humpa^jdigk; ES 'humpa-

'hyli-

'hjuran, 'hiu-

hurricane 'hyijken;

jhiu-

ES

>yh Huron

humoristic jhjumaVistik, jhiu-, jju-

'hAn'skAn, 'hyi'skyi hurt hyt;

ES

hurtle 'hytl;

hst, hyt;

ES

'hstl,

[-ried

ES

[-ried

-d

'hsn'sksn.

-d

|-ful -fal [-fully -fall

'hs^tl;

|-d

-d

[-Ung

-thg, -thg

husband 'hAzband [husbanded 'hAzbandid

§§3^7. bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angn*^ 'aeg-gri ba6 (§10) [ah a [far far [watch watj, wutj" (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

in full

E

ES

'hydijgydi;

pron.

to occzir

humoresque jhjumaVesk,

[bath bae6;

ES

-dhg, -dhg

-ma(r; |-ed -d

humor,' 'mood,'' and in the verb.

humorist 'hjumarist,

[-shire -i/ir, -Ja';

-Ja(r

huntsman 'hAntsman -men -man hurdle 'hydl; ES 'hsdl, 'hydl; [d -d

hurl hyl;

'hAin3(r

most likely

'hAnta(r

'hydijgydi

hummingbird 'hAmiQjbyd; ES -^bsd, -^byd hummock 'hAmak |hummocked 'hAmakt

is

ES

'hAnta^;

hurdy-gurdy

-jtori

humility hju'milati, hiu-

-mariij,

-d |-ing

Huntington 'hAntigtan Hunts short for Huntingdonshire hAnts

-jd3a(r

hiu-,

hju'mihajtori,

humor 'hjumy,

-'ger-

hunky-dory jhAgki'dori, -'dan; S -'don Hunnish 'hAmJ

- Jia(r,

hjujimli'ejan,

ES

[-ed

a) a' other similar sounds

Huntingdon 'hAntigdan

|-fied -jfaid

;hiu-

'hAma^;

hAg'gEnan,

'hAgga(r;

Hunterian hAii'tinan

humiliate hju'imlijCt, hiu- |-ated -/Ctid

humiliatory

|-rian

Jias

Tennyson and

the 14c to

ES

-,fold

-dad

'hAggarig, 'hAggrig |-gry -gri

hunter,

humidity hju'midati, hiu-

humiliation

King George V. hung hAQ Hungary 'hAugari

-'fold,

[-fold

— 'hAnd»d,

hunt hAnt hunted 'hAntid |-es -iz |-ri -{tai

humidify hju'midajfai, hiu-

humidor 'hjumijdar,

from

hunger 'hAgga^;

humbug 'hAitiybAg [humbugged 'hAm,bAgd humdrum 'hAm^drAm |humdrunimed 'hAm-

Key: See

[hunched

'hAntJiz

hunchback 'hAntJjbaek [-backed -jbtekt hundred 'hAndrad, -drid, -da'd; ES -drad. j-weight -'wet, -jwet

'juma(r

-z

|-s

'hiu-

humanity hju'maenati, hiu-

|-ing

-pfri

nasal

hAnt/t

humanitarian hju^maena'tErian, hiu-,

hummer

C7°

-z

|-ness

-'mennis

humanism

hmmm b° various other grimts

husbandman

Hyksos

211

husbandman 'hAzbandman, -banman j-men -man

hydrodynamics jbaidrodai'nsemiks

husbandry 'hAzbandri hush HaJ hushed hAjt

hydrogen 'haidradsan, -d3in

hydroelectric jhaidro-i'lektrik |-ate -fit |-ated

-jCtid

|-edly -idli

I

hushaby 'hAjajbai Hushai 'hju/ijai, 'hiu-, -Jai husk hAsk husked hAskt husky 'hAski Husky 'hAski Huss Has |Huss's 'Hasiz |-ite

hydrogenize ^aidradsanjaiz

|-s

-iz |-d -d

hydrogenous hai'dradsanas; ES^-'drndshydrographer hai'dragrafa^, -'drog-; ES

I

-fa(r; |-phy -fi

|

hussar hu'zar;

ES

hydroid 'haidraid

-ait

hydrolysis hai'drabsis; ES+-'drDl-;

hu'za:(r, E+-'za:(r

hussy 'Hasi, 'Hazi

|-yses

-jsiz

hustle 'hAsl |-d -d |-ling ^hAshg, 'hAs]ig

hydromechanics jhaidromi'kaeniks hydromel 'haidrajmel

huswife 'hAzif

hydrometer hai'dramata^; ES -'dramata(r,

hustings 'hAstigz

-'drom-

hut hAt Ihutted 'hAtid

hutch hAt/ [hutches 'hAtJiz [hutched hAtJt

hydropathic jhaidra'paeOik

Hutten, von fan'hutn

hydropathy hai'drapaOi; ES + -'drDphydrophobia /haidra'fobia hydroplane 'haidra^plen

Huxley 'hAksli Huygens ^haiganz

hydroponics jhaidra'paniks; ES+-'pDn-

huzza ha^za, hu'za

Hwang-ho hyacinth,

Hyads

hydropsy 'baidrapsi; ES + -drDphydroquinone jhaidrokwi'non

^hais^sinO |-ths -Os

'haiadz |Hyades 'haia^diz

hyaena hai'ina

hydrosphere

hyaline 'haislin

-'sfeaCr

hyalogen hai^£el3d33n,

Hyannis hai'aenis Hybla 'haibb hybrid ^haibrid

-dsm

hai^bridati

\-s

-iz [-d

|-s

-'draendsia, -dsa

-id

hygienic jhaid3i'£nik

|-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli

hydrocarbon jhaidro'karban, -ban;

ES

|-s

-s |-al -1 ]-ally -li,

-ikh hygienist 'haid3ianist

'ka:b-,

E + 'ka:b-

hydrocephaly jhaidro'sefab

hyena hai'ina Hygeia hai'dgia hygiene 'haidsin, 'haidgi^m

hydride ^haidraid, -dnd |drid -drid

hygrometer hai'gramata';

ES

-'gramata(r,

-'grom|-lic

-sa'faelik

hydrochloric jhaidra'klorik, -'kbr-; S -'klor-

hydrochloride jhaidra'kloraid, -'kbr-, -id; S

hydrocyanic jhaidrosai'aenik ful [tooth tue [further 'fytJa^;

hygrometric jhaigraWetrik

'fstJa

-1

|-ally -li,

hygroscope 'haigrajskop

Hyksos

ES

|-al

-ikh

hying ptc of hie

-'klor-; |-rid -id

|full

hydroxide hai'draksaid, -id; ES+-'drDks-; l-id

hydrant 'haidrant hydrate n 'haidret, -drit hydrate v 'haidret |hydrated 'haidretid

-bon,

hydrous 'haidras

hydrozoan, H- ^haidra'zoan

H- hai'drendsa,

hydraulic hai'drolik

-fid

hydroxyl hai'draksil; ES+-'drDk-

-z |-drae -dri

hydracid hai'draesid hydrangea,

^haidro'sAlfaid,

-fide,

hydrotherapeutics jhaidrOjOera'pjutiks, -'piu-

'bad, 'haidra-, ^haidra-

'haidra

-s |-al -1 |-ally

hydrosulphite jhaidro'sAlfait

-d

Hydaspes hai^dsespiz |-pes' -piz Hyderabad, Hydra- 'haidsrs^b^d, jhaidara-

Hydra

S+

|-phid, -fid -fid

hybridization jhaibrida'zefan, -ai'z-

hybridize 'haibrid^aiz

[-s

-jsfia(r,

-h, -ikh

hydrosulphide,

|-ity

ES

'haidra^sfir;

hydrostatic ^haidra'staetik

-iz

|-'s

ES + - 'drop-

hydroponist hai'drapanist;

'hwag-

'hwseij'ho,

H-

|-al -1

'haiirj

'hiksos, -sas;

ES + -sds

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

(using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

— Hymen

212

Hymen, h- 'haiman hymeneal ^haima'nial |-ly -i |-nean -'nian hymenopterous jhaima'naptaras, -tras; ES + -'nnp-

hypnotic hip'natik;

|-tist -tist

hypnotize 'hipna^taiz

-iz [-d

hypodermic -'dym-;

-'ps-, -V^^-;

-li;

ES

-z

I-s

hyperbolize hai^s^bajlaiz; -IZ |-d

jhaipa'balik,

ES

jhaipa'bor-,

|-ally -ji, -ikli |-ticism

ES

-'bar-;

ES

^haipa-;

|-al

ES

-|

ES

jhaipa-;

ES

jhaipa-

ES

-'p3-,

-V^'-;

hyphen 'harfan

j-ed -d |-ate -jCt |-ated -jctid

'haifaiijaiz

[-s

hypothesis

hyrax,

'ai, ^ai;

hythe,

poss I's aiz

as in possible 'pasabl, divide daVaid.

bee bi jpity

bae (§10) |ah a

[far

-iz

|-al -1 [-ally -li, -il:!i

'hairaeks [-es -iz [-races -ra^siz |-n

-n

-li, -ikli

H-

-s |-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikli

|-s

haitS

rule only one pronunciation (a or

in the vocab.

The

permissible if

it

it

i) is

shown

alternative pron. with

does not sound

woidd in possible) or with a ,

sound slovenly (as

it

artifi-cial

if

it

i is

(as

does not

would in sluggish).

a

But such judgments depend somewhat on habit, and as regional practice varies con-

'piti (§6)

[rate ret \ytt jet [sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gri

obscured in the direction of the sound a,

E

H-

|-s

hysteria his'tiria, less freq. his'teria

unstr. ai, 3i, familiar a

See in full §§3-47.

|-ses

hysteresis ,hista'risis

a

[bath baeO;

ES-i--'pdG-;

Hyrcania hy'kenia; ES hs-, hy-; hyson 'haisn hyssop ^hisap

The nonfinal unaccented vowel spelt i and originally pron. i shoivs a tendency in innumerable words of normal conversation

Key:

hai'paOasis;

hysteric bis'tsrik

-iz |-d -d

hypnosis hipWsis [-noses -'noslz

letter ai \pl I's, Is,

-jius, -jus,

-iz

hysteretic ^histaVrtik [-ally

|-phied -fid

to he

[-s

hypothesize hai'paOajsaiz; ES+-'pDe-;

jhaipa-

jhaip^'Oairaidjizam;

hj^ertrophy hai'pytrafi;

I,

ES+-VDt-;

-jsiz

|-vity -jS2nsa'tivati

hyperthyroidism

-z;

l-d-d hypothetic jhaipa'OEtik

hypersensitive jhaipa^'sensativ;

-SAl'fju-,

hypothecate hai'paGajket; ES-f-'pnG-; |-d -id hypothecation haijpaea'ke/an; ES-h-iPoG-

jhaipa-

hyperopia jhaipa^'opia

I pro stressed

^haipa'sAlfaras,

-'fiu-

ES

Hyperion haiVinan

hyphenize

hyposulphite ^haipa'sAlfait

-tajSizam

hyperfunction jhaipa^'fAijkXan;

.

ES+-'fDs-;

jhaipa'fasfet;

hypotenuse, -poth- hai'patrijus,

H- jbaipa^'borian, E + -'bar-

hypercritic ^haipa^'kritik;

-i-

-Mam-,

|-phite -fait

-'p3-> -'py-;

hypercivilized jhaipa^'sivljaizd;

i-,

ES

[-ally -li, -ikli

hyposulphurous

-d

hyperborean,

i

[-ly -i, -ikli

hypophosphorous jhaipa'fasfaras; ES+-'fDS-

ES

jhaipy'balik;

-'bol-; [-ally -li |-icly -ikli

I,

ES + -'pDk-

jhaipa'dymik;

hypophosphate

-'py-;

-'ps-,

-z

hyperbolic

|-s

ES-i-

hypogene 'hipajdjin, 'haipa-

hyperacidity jhaipara'sidati, -ae'sidati

hyperbole haiipyba^li,

^hip-;

hypocrite 'hipa^krit hypocritical jhipa'kritikl

ES

-d

^haipa'kandna,

hypocrisy hi'pokrasi;

hyperacid jhaipa^'aesid

|-s

[-s

-'knn-; [-driac -drijaek

-/a

hyperbola hai'pa^bala;

-li,

'haipo

hypochondria

hyoid 'haiaid

Hypatia hai'pe/ia,

[-ally

hypnotism 'hipna^tizam

hypo

Hymettus hai'metas |-'s -iz hymn him [hymned himd [hymning 'himii) hymnal 'himnal |-nist -nist |-nody -nadi hymnbook 'him^buk hymnology him'naladsi; ES+-'nDl-

ES-i--'nDt-;

-ikh

As

far [watch wat/,

wntj

(§12) jjaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

ideography

213

an enlightened judgment and

siderably, only

ending (mania)

-ia

ruffian),

sanio),

-ia-

,

plus consonant (trivial,

plus cons, (alien), -io (Bas-

-ie-

plus

-io-

combinations

(scorpion),

cons,

(tedious), -ius (radius).

-ious

These and similar

unstressed

of

ichneumon ik'njuman, ichor 'aikor, -ka^;

observation can decide.

i

plus

vowel

In

regularly have double prons. la &" ja.

ES

-'niu-, -'nu-

'aik33(r, 'aik3(r

ichthyologic ^ikGis'ladsik;

ES

ichthyosaur 'ikGiajSar;

icily 'aisli, 'aisili

is

given, with

more or

is also

common.

less

-jS33(r

ichthyosaurus, I- jikOia'saras

common

in ordinary speech

|-gy

-d5i

icicle 'aijsikl, 'aisikl |-d

understanding that the other pron.

|-al -1

ichthyologist jikOi'aladsist; ES-t--'Dl-;

the vocab. usually the one believed to be most

the

ES + -'lDd5-;

|-ally -li, -ikli

|-es -iz |-ri -rai

-d

icing 'aisig

Ickes

'ikis, -as, -iz [-'s -iz

lachimo 'jakijmo; so Shak.; mod.+3a}sek^ imo

icon 'aikan, -knn

lago I'ago

iconoclasm

|-s

-z |-es 'aika,niz

ai^kana^klaezam;

ES-h-'knn-;

1-clast -iklaest

-ial see -ia

iamb 'aiaemb |-ic ai'aembik iambus ai'aembas |-es -iz |-bi ai'aembai

iconoclastic ai,kana'klaestik, ^aikana-; ES-i-

-ian see -ia

iconography ^aikan'ografi, -'ng-

iarovize 'jara^vaiz

|-s

-on-; |-ally

icosahedron jaikosa'hidran |-dra -dra

-d

-iz |-d

-ikh

-li,

Iberia ai'biria |-ian -lan

ictus 'iktas

ibex, I- 'aibeks |-es -iz |ibices 'ibi^siz, 'ai-

icy 'aisi

ibidem abbr.

I'd abbr. spelling of I had, I would, stressed

ibid,

i^baidem,

'ibid, 'aibid

'aid, jaid; unstr. aid, aid, occas.

ibis 'aibis |-es -iz

Idaho 'aida^ho,

-ibie see -able

ending of advs

to

words in

-ic

(comic) or

in -ical (radical), pron. -ik-l-i ('raedik-l-i)

The pron. ivith -ik-li very common colloquially, and in a good

or -ik'h ('raedik-b). is

many

ad

'aidi^ho |-an -an

idea ai'dia, ai'dia, occas. by sentence rhythm

Ibsen 'ibsn -ically

|-es -iz

ivords is recognized by the spelling,

'aidia

ideal ai'dial, ai'dil, ai'dial |-ism -jizam

idealistic 1

jaidial'istik,

ai^d-

-dial-,

|-al

ideality jaidi'aelati

as in authentically, -thenticly, cubically.

idealization ai,diala'zeXan, -jdial-, -ai'z-

heroically,

specifically,

-icly,

-icly,

rannically, -icly,

rustically,

symbolically,

-icly,

-icly,

ty-

idealize ai'dialjaiz, ai'dial-

ideation ^aidi'ejan

Icarus 'ikaras,

ideatum jaidi'etam |-ta -ta idem 'aidem idempotent ai'dtmpatant Iden 'aidn

'ai- |-'s -iz

ice ais |ices 'aisiz |iced aist

-ibsg, -jbyg

iceboat 'aisjbot

icebound 'aiSjbaund icebox 'aiSjbaks; ice

identic ai'dentik

ES + -jbDks;

cream 'ais'krim

identity ai'dentati

ideogram 'idia^graem, ideograph

|-ses -ziz

|-ic

ais'laendik

iceman 'aiSjmaen, -man |-men Ichabod 'ika^bad, -jbod |full

|-al -1 [-ally -|i, -ikli

identify ai'denta^fai j-fied -jfaid 'ice-

jcream 'soda)

Iceland 'aisland

-d

identification aijdentafa'kejan

[-es -iz

ice-cream 'ais%rim ('ice-'cream jcone,

icehouse 'aiSjhaus

-iz |-d

ideate v ai'diet, -'diet |-d -id

etc.

ES

|-s

ideate n ai'diit, -et

Icarian I'kerian, I'ker-

iceberg 'aiS/byg;

-1

ally -li, -ikh

which usually lags behind pronunciation;

-icly,

|-ist

-ISt

'aidia-;

E-t--jgraf,

-iirai

-jinEn,

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa^;

'aidia-

'idia^graef,

-man

ideographic jdia'graefik, ^aidia-

ideography

ES

'fstJa

,idi'agrafi, ^aidi-, -'og-

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzio [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan

[Eden

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

— illume

214

ideology ideology ^aidi'abdsi, jid-;

ES + -'d1-

ileum 'iliam

[ileac, iliac 'ilijaek

'aikks

ides aidz

ilex, I-

id est 'that is' ^id'est

Ilfracombe 'ilfra/kum, jilfra'kum

idiocy 'idiosi

iliac 'ihjaek

idiom 'idiam

Iliac 'of Ilium' 'ili^aek

idiomatic /idia'maetik

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

idiosyncrasy jidia'smkrasi,

|-al -I |-ally

-h.

|-al -1 |-ally

-h.

j-ling ^aidliij, -dlig \-r -dla^;

-d

idle 'aidj |-d

ES

ai'dabta^;

-MdI-;

idolize 'aidljaiz

|-s

ES + -'dDm-;

|-'s

Idumaea, -mea

illegal I'Hgl, il'lJgl l-ly -i

illegibility

illegible

-iz |-d -d

Idomeneus ai'daman jus, -m3inius, -majnus;

jikdsa'bibti, ^ilkds-, ijrds-

I'kdsabl, il'kds- |-bly -bb

illegitimacy jib'djitamasi, jilb- [-mate -mit ill-fated 'il'fetid ('ill-^fated 'project)

-iz

jidju'inia, ^aid-,

-du-

|-n

-n

Idun 'idun = Ithunn

ES

ill-favored 'il'feva^d;

-'fevad

ill-gotten 'il'gatn; ES-f-'gntn

ill-humor 'il'juma', -'bjuma^, -'hiu-;

'aidl

ai'dikk

|-al -1 |-ally

-h, -ikh

l-ed

ending see

ES

-ma(r;

-d

illiberal I'bbaral, I'bbral, il'l- |-ly -i

ending see -y

iUiberality jibba'raebti, jillib-

-ia

-ien ending see -ia

illicit I'bsit, il'bs-

if if, f

illimitable I'bmitabl, il'bm- ]-bly

igloo ^iglu

illinium I'lmiam

Ignatius Loyola ig'ne/as bi'ob, b'job

Illinoian ,ib'naian

igneous 'ignias

Illinois

—

ignescent ig'nEsnt ignis fatuus. 'ignis 'f setJuas [ignes fatui 'igniz-

-bb

jib'nai, -'n3iz |-nois's -'naiz, -'naiziz

jib'naiz, not infrequent generally, is esp.

common

in the S.

Illinoisan jib'naian, -'naizan

'faet/ujai

ignite ig'nait |-d -id |-nition ig'ni/an

illiteracy I'btarasi, il'lit- |-rate -nt, -trit

ignoble ig'nobl |-bly -bli

ill-looking 'il'lukiij

ignominious jigna'minias

ill-mannered 'il'maena^d;

ignominy 'ignajmnii ignoramus jigna'remas

ill-natured 'il'netja^d;

ignore ig'nor, -'nor;

ES

ig'no3(r,

{Sp

ill-starred 'il'stard;

^iga'rrote)

-'sta:d,

ES

E + -'sta:d

iguana I'gwana

ill-timed 'il'taimd ('ill-jtimed 'start)

Duce

Key:

ill-treat il'trit |-ed -id

see in- prefix

illume I'lum, I'lium

il'dutji {It il'du:t/e)

See in

|bath baeG;

fnil §§3-47.

E

.

-'tempad

ill-tempered 'il'tempa-d;

11

-i.

-mand

ES

Igraine I'gren

'not''

[-ly

-ikb ill-omened 'il'omind,

^I-

-'maenad

-'net/ad

ES + -'lod3-;

illogical i'lad3ikl, il'l-;

E + -'n33(r;

l-d-d Igorot jiga'rot,

ES

ES

illness 'ilnis |-es -iz

|-es -iz

ignorance 'ignarans |-rant -rant

il-

it

ill-advised 'ibd'vaizd |-sedly -zidb

illegality jili'ga;bti

idolization jaidja'zejan, -ai'z-

-ie

but often suhstittited for

ill-bred 'il'bred

ai'dabtaCr,

|-tress -tris |-try -tri

-11

(= 'aijl)

ill-boding 'il'bodig

idol 'aidl |-ed -d ]-ing 'aidlig

idolater

not a contraction

ahhr. spelling o/ 1 will ail

illation I'le/an [illative 'ibtrv

-dl9(r; |-st -dhst

idly 'aidli

-iel

I'll

of I shall

-ikh

idyl,

'ibam

ilium 'ibam

iUiI

ES + 'Wik;

idiotic ;idi'atik;

idyllic

Iliad 'ibad

ilk ilk

-ikh idiot 'idiat |-ism -jizam

ES

= ileac

Ilion 'iban |Ilium

-'siij-

idiosyncratic ^idiosm'kraetik

|-es -iz

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

[far

'piti

|-d

-d

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang

far [watch watj,

wotj

saerj

|angr}- 'aeij-gri

(§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go

iliuminant

immorality

215

imbroglio im'broljo (It im'braXXo)

iliuminant i^lumsnant, I'humilluminate I'lumajnet, I'lium-

imbrue im'bru, -'briu

|-d -id

imbrute im'brut, -'briut

illumination ijluma'ne/an, ijium-

imbue im'bju,

illuminative I'lumajnetiv,

i

'hum-

illuminator I'luma^neta^, I'lium-;

-'biu |-d -d

ES

-t3(r

imidogen I'midadsan, I'mida-, -dsm imine I'min

ill-usage 'il'jusidj, -'juz-

imi table 'imitabl

n

[-s

|-d -id

imid 'imid |imide 'imaid, 'imid

illumine I'lumin, I'liunun |-d -d

ill-use

-d

|-d

illuminati, I- i/luma'netai, ijlumi'nati, ijliuin-

-iz

imitate 'ima^tet [-tated -jtetid ]-tive -iv

'il'jus |-s -iz

imitation jima'te/an

-d

ill-use V il'juz |-s -IZ |-d

ES

illusion i'lu53n, I'liugan |-ed -d

imitator 'ima^teta^;

illusive I'lusiv, I'liusiv |-sory -sari

immaculate I'maekjaht

illustrate 'ibstret, I'Ustret |-d -id

immane I'men

illustration jibs'trejan, ijlAs'trefan

immanence 'imanans Immanuel I'maenjual

|-nent -nant

immaterial ^ima'tinal

|-ly -i |-ism

illustrative I'lAstrativ, 'ibs^tretiv, I'Usjtretiv illustrator 'ibsjtreta', I'lASjtreta';

ES

-t3(r

illustrious I'lAstnas illy

subsiattdard for adv

ill

immature

'ih

Penseroso jilpensaVoso (It il^pense'roiso)

im-

am,

abbr. spelling of I

unstr.

aim,

occas.

stressed 'aim, ^aim;

am

'not' see in- prefix

image 'imids |-s -iz ]-d -d imagery 'iimdsri, -dsari

-'tiur,

|-bly

imaginary I'maedsa^nEri imagination i^maedsa'neXan

|-tive

I'maedga-

jnetiv

|-ly -i

immense I'mens |-sity -ati immerse I'mTs; ES I'mss, I'mys;

imago I'mego

immix im'miks

|imagines I'maedsi^niz

imam I'mam |imaum I'mam, I'mom imbalm im'bam; E + -'bam; |-ed -d imbark im'bark; ES -'ba:k, E+-'ba:k; -jsil |-lity

|-ed -t

|-died -did

-d |-ing -'boldnig.

-'boldmo

-ai'z[-s

-iz [-d -d

immoderate I'madarit, im'mad-, -drit; ES-t- 'modimmodest I'madist, im'mad-; ES-f-'mod-; immolate 'ima^let |-d -id |-tion jima'le/an immolator 'ima^leta^; ES -,leta(r immoral I'maral, im'm-, -'mar-, -'mor- |-ly

imbricate adj 'imbrikit, -^ket \-

d

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^;

-i

immorality jima'raebti, -ma-, -ma-, -mo-.

-id

-mo-

imbrication jimbri'kejan |full

jmmo-

immobilization i^mobla'ze/an, im^mo-, jimob-.

l-y-i

imbosom im'buzam, -'buzam [-ed -d imbower im'baua^; ES -'bau»3(r imbricate v 'imbn^ket

-'mikstja(r

-bil, -bil

immobilize i'mobl,aiz, im'mo-

-'bit3(r; |-ed -d

|-ed

immobility jimo'bibti,

jimmob-,

|

imbibe im'baib |-bibed -'baibd

imbolden im'boldn

ES

immobile I'mobl, im'm-,

/imba'sibti

imbody im'badi; ES+-'bDdi;

|-bly -bli

|-es -iz j-ed -t

immixture im'mikst/a^;

imbed im'bed -bedded -'bedid

ES

-iz |-d -t

immigrate 'ima,gret |-d -id |-tion jima'gre/an imminence 'imanans |-nent -nant immitigable I'mitagabl

\pl -s -z

[-s

immiscible I'misabl |-bly -bli

-d

|-d

immediacy I'midiasi immediate I'midiit, esp. C I'midjat immemorial ^ima'morial, jiimna-, -'mar-; S

imagist 'im3d3ist |-gism -jdsizam

imbitter im'bita^;

-a(r;

immersion I'my/an; ES I'ms/-, I'msJ"immigrant 'imagrant, -/graent

-bh

imbecile 'imbasl,

ES

-'tjur;

immeasurable I'mesrabl, im'm-, -'mesaral-bly -bk

-'mor-;

imaginable i'maed3in3bl, i'ma2d3n3bl

imagine I'maedgin

,ima'tur,

|-rity -ati

Ilokano jilo'kano

I'm

-^izam

immateriality jimajtin'aebti

Illyria I'liria |-n -n

11

-jteta(r

ES

'fstfa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vijan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

immortal

impersonality

216

ES

immortal I'martl;

impeach im'pit/

I'maatl

immortality jimDr'taebti; immortalize I'martljaiz;

ES jimD'taebti ES I'maatl-; |-s

|-es -iz [-ed -t

impeachability jimpit/a'bilati, im^plt/a -iz

impeachable im'pitjabl

ES

impearl im'pyl;

l-d-d

ES

immortelle jimar'tel;

im'psl, -'pyl; |-ed -d

impeccabihty ^impEka'bilati, im^pek-

jimaa'tel

immovability i^muva^bibti, inijmuv-, jimuv-.

impeccable im'pEkabl -bly -bh

jimmuvaimmovable I'muvabl, im'muv-

impecuniosity

immune

-jkiuni-;

impecunious jimpi'kjunias, -'kiun-

I'mjun, I'nuun |-nity -ati

immunization jimjuna'zejan,

^impijkjuni'asati,

ES-i--'ds-

|-bly -bli

-ai'z-

immunize 'imjainaiz, -ju- |-s -iz |-d -d immunology jimjs'naladsi, -ju-; ES + -'nDlimmure I'mjur, I'miur; ES -3(r; |-d -d immutability ijmjuta'bilati, -^miut-, jimjut-.

impede im'pid |-d -id |-dance -'pidns impediment ira'pedamant impedimenta jimpeda'mEnta, im,p£dimpedimentary imjpEda'mEntari, -tn impel im'pEl |-pelled -'peld

impend im'pend

jimiut-, jimra-

|-ed -id

immutable I'mjutabl, I'mnit- |-bly -bli Imogen 'im3d3m, -an [-gene -jdsln

impenetrability jimpenatra'bilati, im^pen-

imp imp limped impt impact n 'impaekt

impenitence im'p£natans

impact

impenetrable imVenatrabl -bly -bh

imperator jimpa'reta^;

V im'paekt |-pacted -'paektid

E

impair im'pEr, -'paer;

-'p£3(r,

ES

-'paEa(r;

|-d

l-bly

impanel im'paenl -ed -d

ES

E+-'pa:k;

im'pa:k,

E+-'pa:t; [-ed -id

-'pa:t,

ES

impartation jimpar He/an; impartial im'parfal;

ES

E 4- -parE + -'pa:j3l"»

-pa:-,

-'pa:j3l»

ES

n

adj,

-Ji'ael-;

ES

-pa-.

E + -paim^paes-; E-t-

imVaesabl;

^impa-

ES -W-.

imperforated im'pyfajretid; imperial im'pirial

ES

-'paf-. -'pyf-

|-ly -i |-ist -ist

imperialistic imipinal'istik [-ally -h, -il |-ed

-i

kh

-d

imperious im'pirias imperishability ,impEriJa'bilati, imjpEi'-

-pas-, -jpas-, -pas-, -jpas-

impassable

ES

-'ps^f-

imperil im'pEral, jimpaesa'bilati,

jimpa-

im'ps^farit;

imperialism im'pirial^izam

l-ly -I

impartiality jimparlfaelati,

impassability

ES

-'psf-, -'ps^f-

imperfection jimpa^'fEkJan;

imperforate

ES

j

-bh

imperfect im'pyfikt;

-iz |-d -t

|-s

l-ed -t

impart imVart;

ES jimpaES impa-;

jimpa^'septabj;

imperceptive jimpa^'sEptiv;

imparadise im'paerajdais

l-bly

-'tor-

imperceptible

impalpable imVaelpabl |-bly -bli

im'park;

-Veta(r

imperceptibility jmpa'jsepta'bilati;

-d

impalpability jmpaelpa'bilati, im^pael-

impark

ES

imperatorial jimpera 'tonal, im^pEra-, -'tar-;

S

-d

l-ed

impale im'pe!

|-tent -tant

imperative im'perativ

E-i--'pas-,

-'pas-;

-bh

impasse im'paes, 'impaes; E-i--a-, -a-

|-s

{Fr x\a:%) impassible im'paesabl |-bly -bh

-iz

imperishable im'psnjab}, |-bly -bh

imperium im'piriam |-ria -na impermanent ira'pymanant; -'pym-

ES

- 'p3m-.

impassionate adj im'paeXanit

impermeability ES -3-, -y-

impassionate

impermeable im'pymiabl; ES -'psm-, -'pym-;

v

im'paeXanjet |-d -id

impassioned im'pae/and

l-bly

impassive im'pajsiv |-sivity jimpas'sivati

impaste im'pest

|-d -id

impatience im'pefans

Key:

See in full §§3^7.

|bath baeO;

E

ES

-'p3S-,

-I

impersonality

|-tient -/ant

inijpym-;

-bh

impersonal im'pysnl, -'pysnal; -'pys-; |-ly

impavid im'paevid

jimpymia'bilati,

^imps'sn'aelati,

nn^pys -;

ES

-3-, -3^-

bee bi

baG (§10) |ah a

jpity 'piti (§6) |rate ret jyet JEt |sang saeij Iangr>^ 'aerj-gri

jfar far

jwatch watj",

^votj" (§12)

jjaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

impersonate impersonate irnVs'sn^et;

ES

-'p3s-, -'pys-;

mportance im'partns; ES -'paatns;

|-tant

-tnt

l-d -id

jimpysn'e/an,

impersonation -3-, -y-

ini/pys-;

ES

ES

-'pat-, -'pyt-;

-iz |-tinent -tnant

ES

imperturbability jimpa^jtyba'bilati;

-pa-

mportunate adj im'part/anit; ES mportunate v ira'part/a^net; ES

-poa-,

ES

jimpa^'tybabl;

-pa'tsb-,

adj,

im'part/an;

jimpa^'tjun,

v

ES

ES

jimpyta^'be/an;

-pata-,

ES

-'tun,

-'tiun,

-'tiun-, -'tun-;

-iz |-d -d |-sing -ig

|-s

mposition jimpa'zi/an

-'psv-, -'p^'v-

ES +

mpossibility jimpasa'bilati, im^pas-;

impetigo jimpi'taigo jimpet/u'asati,

ES +

im^pEt-;

-DS-

ES + -'pDS-;

mpossible im'pasabl;

-'ds-

|-bly

impetuous ira'pet/uas

mpost 'impost

impetus ^mpatas

mpostor im'pasta^; ES -'pasta(r, -'pnsmpostume im'past/um; ES + -'pDS-

Impey

|-es -iz

'impi |-an -an |

impish

|-s -iz [-d

-d

mpound im'paund

'impij"

implacability jimpleka'bilati, im^plek-, -laek-

implacable im'plekabl, -'plaek- |-bly -bh

implant im'pl«nt;

E + -'plant, -'plant;

ES

-'pastXa(r, -'pos-

|-tent -tant

|-ed -id |-age -ids

mpoverish im'pavarij",

-vrij";

ES + -'pDV-;

|-es -IZ |-ed -t

|-ed -id

mpracticability jimpraektika'bilati, im^praek-

implausible im'pbzabl |-bly -bh

mpracticable im'praektikabi |-bly -bh

implead im'plid

mpractical im'praektikl

implement

7t

-bb

|-ed -id

mposture im'past/a^; mpotence 'impatans

impiety imVaiati impious 'impias

impinge im'pmds

|-ed -id

mpracticality jimpraekti'kaelati, im^praek-

'implamant

implement v 'impla^mEnt |-ed -id implemental ^impla'mentl implementation jimplamen'te/an

mprecate 'impri^ket

implicate adj 'imphkit

mpregnability jimpregna'bilati, im^preg-

implicate v 'imph;ket

mpregnable im'pregnabl

im'plor,

|-d -id

imply im'plai

-'pbr;

ES

-'ploa(r,

E+

|-plied -'plaid |-pliedly -'plai-

ES + -'pd1-

im'pandarabl;

import

V im'port, -'part;

'import, -part;

export,

V.

|-es -iz |-es -iz |-ed -t [-edly

-idh

mpressible im'prEsabl |-bly -bh |-al -1 [-ally

-h

mpressionability imjpre/ana'bilati, -Jna-

mpressionable im'preXanabl, -/na- |-bly -bh

ti

|full

ES + -'pDn-;

-bk

import

—

im'pres

mpression im'prs/an

-Dn-

|-ed -id

v

mpressibility jimptEsa'bilati, im^prES-

imponderability jimpandara'bilati, im^pan-;

l-bly

mprescriptible jimpri'skriptabi |-bly -bh

mpress

impolite jimpa'lait

imponderable

S -jtori

-;tari;

|-bly -bh mpregnate adj im'prEgnit mpregnate v im'pregnet |-d -id mpregnation jimprEg'neJan

mpress w 'imprES

idli

ES+

-id

mpresario jimpri'sarijO

-d

impolitic ira'pala^tik;

d

mprecatory 'imprika^tori,

implicit im'pbsit

-'plaa(r; |-d

|-

mprecation ^impri'ke/an

implication jimpb'ke/an |-tive 'implijketiv

implore

ES

jimpa-

mpose im'poz

-pyta-

impervious im'pyvias;

-'paa-; \-d

jimpa-, im'paat/-; |-d -d

mportunity jimpa^'tjunati,

-pa'tyb-; |-bly -bli

imperturbation

-'paa-

-id

mportune

jtsb-, -p3jtyb-

imperturbable

impetuosity

ES

mportation jimpor'tejan, -par-;

E+-paa-

impertinence ira'pytnans; |-s

impressive

217

ES -poat, E + -paat ES -'poat, E + -'paat;

acc^ + 'import, esp. in contrast to

ful [tooth tue [further 'fytJa^;

mpressionism im'prejanjizam mpressionistic

|-ist -ist

inijprE/an'istik

|-ally

-li,

-ikli

mpressive im'presiv

ES

'faSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan

[Eden

hau

'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

— imprest

218

inartistic

imprest adj, n 'imprest

means

imprest

its

v

im'prest j-prested -'prestid

'not,'

and

imprimatur jimpri'meta^; ES -'met3(r imprimis im'praimis

main

imprint n 'imprint

even 'in'aektiv.

under emphasis

jin'aektiv, or

But

if the second part does

not show a clear meaning, being fused with

-d

|-ed

accent has a slight stress that could be

marked thus:

imprint v im'print |-ed -id

imprison im'prizn

the second part clearly has

separate meaning, the in- just before the

-'pnznig,

|-ing

the in- into

a sim-ple word, as insipid in-

'sipid, then the in- is quite stressless.

-znig

ES +

improbability jimpraba'bilati, im^pr-;

no

there are all grades between

-rob-

improbable im'prababi; ES+-'pn)b-;

|-bly

-bh

impromptu im'pramptu,

ES +

-tju;

-tiu,

it

stress

and full

m^rk

this accent,

often exists in speech.

The same

stress, it is

though

improbity im'probati, -'prabati; ES+-'pnjb-

not feasible to

statements apply to the variants

il-

and im-.

nabiHty jina'bdati

n absentia ^inab'sEnJia

-'promp-

improper im'prapa^;

ES

naccessibility jinak,s8sa'bilati, ^maek-

-'prap3(r, -'prnp-

In

impropriety jimpra'praiati, jimpa'praiati jimpa'praiati

r

is

by

lost

dissimilation

naccessible ^inak'sEsabl, jinaek- |-bly -bh

naccuracy in'jekjarasi

[-rate

-nt

naction in'aek/an |-active -'jektrv

{§121).

improvability iiiijpruva'bilati

nactivity ^inaek'tivati

improvable im'pruvabl

nadequacy in'aedakwasi |-quate -kwit

improve im'pruv improvidence

|-bly

-bb

nadmissibility jinadjnusa'bilati

-d

|-d

im'pravadans;

ES+-'prDV-;

nadmissible jinad'nusabi |-bly -bh

nadvertence jinad'vytns;

|-nt -nt

improvisation

jimpravai'zefan,

-prava'ze-;

ES 4- -prov-

ES

-'vat-, -'vyt-;

|-cy -I |-ent -tnt

nadvisability jinad^vaiza'bdati

improvise 'imprajvaiz, jimpra'vaiz

|-s

-iz j-d

imprudence im'prudns, -'priud- |-dent -dnt impudence 'impjadans, -pju- |-dent -dant

impugn im'pjun, -'piun -3(r; |-able -abj |-bly

nadvisable jinad'vaizabl [-bly -bh nalienability jineljana'bilati, injcljan-, -han-

-d |-visedly -'vaizidb

|-ed

-d

|-er -3';

ES

-bh

nalienable in'eljanabi, -'ehan- |-bly -bh nalterable in'aharabi |-bly -bh

namorata injaema'rata, jinaemnane in'en

impugnable 'unconqueyable' im'pAgnabl

nanimate in'aBnamit

impuissance im'pjuisns, -'piu- j-sant -snt

nanity in'aenati [inanition jina'ni/an

impulse n 'impAls

nappeasable yina'pizabl

impulse v im'pAls

]-s

-iz

napplicability jinaephka'bilati, in^aep-

[-s -iz |-d -t

impulsion im'pAlJan j-sive -siv

napplicable in'aephkabl |-bly -bh

impunity im'pjunati, -'piun-

napposite in'aepazit

impure im'pjur, -'piur;

ES

nappreciable ;ina'pri/iabl |-bly -bh

-a(r; |-rity -ati

imputability inijpjuta'bilati, -^piut-, jimp-

nappreciative ^ina'pri/ijCtiv

imputable im'pjutabl, -'piut-

napproachabiHty ^ina/prot/a'bilati

|-bly -bli

imputation ^impju'te/an

napproachable ^ina'prot/abl

impute im'pjut,

nappropriate jina'propnit

-'piut |-d -id

napt

in adj, adv in in prep stressed 'in, ^in; unstr. in, 'kAtn'tu), article

occas.

nonsyllahic

n n

(cut in

two

before the

a a (I'm in a hurry jaimna'hs'i,

minute bil'gona'minit) In words like inactive, ivhere

He'll go in a in- prefix.

Key:

Since

with different speakers and styles of speech

See in fidl §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

E

-bh

in'aept

naptitude in'aeptajtjud, -;tiud, -^tud

narm m'arm; ES

-'a:m,

narticulate /inar'tikjaht; nartistic ^inar'tistik;

in-

|-bly

l-al -! l-ally -li,

ES

E + -'a:m; |-ed -d ES -a-, E + -a-a:'tis-, E-)--a:'tis-;

-ikh

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret [j'et jet [sang saerj |angr}- 'aeo'g" baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wot/ (§12) |jaw dja Igorge gard5 |go go

inasmuch

incompact

219

inasmuch jinaz'mAt/ inattention ^ma 'ten/an

inch intj [inches 'int/iz [inched int/t

Inchbald 'mt/bald

|-tive -tiv

inaudibility jinoda'bibti, inpd-

inchoate adj in'kcit

inaudible in'odabl |-bly -bli

inchoate v 'inko^et

inaugural in'agjaral, inbgaral

inchworm

inaugurate inbgja^ret, -'aga-

[-d -id

ES -^wam,

'intJ'jWS'ni;

-^ws^m

incidence 'insadans [-dent -dant

|-d -id

inauguration inpgja're/an, -pga-

incidental jinsa'dentl

inauspicious jina'spi/ss

incinerate in'smajret [-d -id |-tor -a^;

inboard

ES

-^bard;

'in^bord,

E+

-^boad,

|-Iy -i

incipience in'sipians [-cy

-i |-ent

ES

-a(r

-ant

incipit 'here begins' 'insipit

-^baad

ES

inborn m'barn;

-'baan; ('in^born

inbound 'in'baund ('in^bound inbreathe in'bri'S

|-d

^ace)

incise in'saiz

[-s

-d

-iz |-d

incision in'sisan

'ship)

-d

incisive in'saisiv, -ziv

ES

inbred adj in'bred ('injbred 'tact)

incisor in'saiza^;

inbreed in'brid |-bred -'bred

incite m'sait |-d -id [-tation jinsai'te/an

-'saiza(r

Inca 'igka

incivility ^insa'vilati

incalculability jinkaelkjala'bilatr, in^kael-

inclemency in'kkmansi [-clement -'kkmant

incalculable in'ktelkjalabl |-bly -bh

incHnable in'klainabl

incandesce ^inkan'des, -kaen-

inclination ^inkla'nejan

|-s

incandescence ^inkan'desns )-cy

-iz |-d -t

-nt

-i |-nt

incline

n

'inklain, in'klain

incantation jinkaen'te/an

incline v in'klain |-d -d

incapabiHty /inkepa'bilati, in^kep-

incUnometer jnkli'namata';

incapacitate jinka'paesajtet ]-d -id |-ity

ES

m'karsa^ret;

incarcerate

inclose in'kloz

-ti

E+

-'ka:s-,

injkarsa're/an;

ES

-jka:s-.

incarnate

-'ka:-.

-net;

ES

-'ka:-.

E + -'ka:-

[-d-d

ES

-3a(r [-d -id

inclusion in'klusan, -'kliu-

incog in'kag, -'kng

incoherence jinko'hirans |-cy

-i |-ent

-ant

incombustibility jinkanijbAsta'bilati

incarnate v in'kamet;

ES

E + -'ka:-;

-'ka:-,

l-d -id

incarnation,

-iz

incognito in'kagnijto, -'kng-

in'karnit,

adj

ES

-d

|-d

-'namataCr,

inclusive m'klusiv, -'khu-, -ziv

E+-ika:s-; ^inkincarnadine m'karnajdam, -dm;

E+-'ka:-;

|-s

inclosure in'klosa';.

include m'klud, -'kbud

-'ka:s-; |-d -id

incarceration

ES

-'nnm-

incapable in'kepabl |-bly -bli

I-

jinkar'ne/an;

ES

-ka:-.

E+-ka:-

incombustible jinkam'bAstabl [-bly -bh

income 'in^kAm, 'ig^kAm incoming 'in^kAmig incommensurability

incase in'kes [-cases -'kesiz |-cased -'kest

jinka^mEnJara'bilati,

-sara-

incendiary in'sendi^Eri |-arism -a^rizam

incommensurable [-bly -bh

incense n 'insens \adj

incommensurate jinka'men/arit,

incaution in'kajan |-tious -/as

incense v in'sens

|-s

-

d

-t

incommode jinka'mod

-iz [-d -t

-sara-

(inka'ttienjarabl,

-sarit

[-d -id [-dious -las

incentive in'sentiv

incommodity jinka'madati; ES+-'niDd-

incept in'sept |-ed -id

incommunicability jinkajmjunika'bilati.

inception in'sEp/an |-tive -tiv

-jiniun-

inceration jinsa'Tc/an incertitude

in'ss'tajtjud,

-jtiud,

-jtud;

ES

incommunicable [-bly -bh

jinka'mjunikabl,

-'miun-

incessancy in'sEsnsi |-sant -snt

incommunicado ^inkajmjuni'kado, -^miunincommunicative /inka'injunajketiv, -'miun-

incest 'insest |-uous in'sEst/uas

incompact jnkam'paekt

-'s3t-, -'syt-

[full

ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^;

ES

'fstia

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

'em

ti.

'kipitt.

220

incomparability Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

incomparability jinkampara'bilati, -pr3-, in-

jkamincomparable m'kamparab), -praincompatible jinkam'paetabl |-bly

|-bly -bli

inconvertible ^inkanVytabl; I-bly

|-tent

-i

-nt

-i |-nt

inconvincible jinkanVinsabI |-bly -bli

in-co-ordination jinkoprdn'ejan;

incompressible jinkam'prEsabl |-bly -bh

ES

ES -padn-

-'kaap-

incorporate adj in'karparit, -prit;

ES

ES

-'kaap-

-'koap-; |-d -id

|-rative -jtetiv

incorporation

incomputable jinkam'pjutabi, -'pmt-

ES

in^karpa 're/an;

-jkaap-;

jink-

inconceivability ^inkaiijsiva'bilati

incorporeal jinkar'porial, -'par-;

inconceivable jinkan'sivabl |-bly -bli inconclusive ^inkan'klusiv, -'kliu-

'porial,

-kag-,

ES

jinka-

E + -'parial

incorporeity jinkarpa'riati;

-^faamati

ES

-kap-; in^k-

incorrect jinka'tekt ('incorrect 'answer)

incongruence in'kaggruans |-ent -ant ^inkag'gruati,

-badnit;

'e/an

incorporate v in'karpajtet;

|-bly -bli |-sive -siv

incongruity

ES

jinko'Drdnit;

incorporable in'karparabl;

in/kamincomprehensible jinkampri'hensabl, in^kam-

ES

ES -Vst-, -Vyt-;

|-nated -dn^etid

jinkamprijhensa'bilati,

inconformity jinkan'farmati;

-jVst-,

-bU

in-co-ordinate

incomplete ;inkam'plit I-pletion -^plijan

incompliance jinkam'plaians |-cy

and S

ES

inconvincibility ,inkan;\insa'bilati

-bli

|-cy

tant

incomprehensibility

E

o are often pronounced with d in

inconvertibility ^inkanjVS'-ta'bilati; -jvyt-

incompatibility jinkaniipaeta'bilati

incompetence in'kampatans

inculcation

-n'gru-,

-'gnu-

incorrigibility ^inkandsa'bilati, m^kar-, -ar-,

-nr-

incongruous in'kaogruas

incorrigible in'karidsabl, -'kar-, -'kor- |-bly

-bh

inconsecutive jinkan'sskjativ

inconsequence in^kansa^kwEns |-quent -^kwent

incorrupt jinka'rApt |-ed -id

inconsequential /inkansa'kwEn/al

incorruptibility jinka^rApta'bilati

|-ly -i

inconsequentiality jinkansajkwEn/i'aelati, in-

incorruptible jinka'rAptabl |-bly -bli

incorruption jinka'rAp/an

jkaninconsiderable jinkan'sidarabl, -'sidra- |-bly

increase n 'inkris, 'igkincrease v in'kris

-bli

|-s

-iz

-iz |-d -t |-dly -idli

increasingly in'krisir)li

inconsiderate ^inkan'sidarit, -'sidrit

inconsideration jinkan,sida'reXan inconsistence ^inkan'sistans |-cy

|-s

incredibility jinkreda'bilati, in^kreda-

-i |-nt

-nt

incredible in'kredabl |-bly -bh

inconsolability jinkanjsola'bilati

incredulity jinkra'dulati, -'diul-, -'djul-

inconsolable jinkan'solabl |-bly -bli

incredulous in'kredsalas

inconsonance in'kansanans |-nant -nant

increment 'inkramant, 'igk-

inconspicuous ^inkan'spikjuas

incriminate in'krimajnet

inconstancy in'kanstansi |-tant -tant

incrimination injkrima'ne/an, jinkrima-

incriminator in'krimajneta';

incontestable jinkan'testabl |-bly -bli

incontinence in'kantanans |-cy

-i |-nt

incontrollable jinkan'trolabl |-bly -bh

incontrovertability jinkantrajvyta'bilati,

jkan-;

ES

ES

m-

in^kan-;

-Vst-, -Vs't-; occi+in'contro avertible

-iz [-d -t [-nt

|-d -id

incubator 'inkjajbeta^, 'igk-;

ES

-ta(r

|-es -iz |-bi -jbai

inculcate in'kAlket, 'inkAl^ket |-d -id

inculcation jinkAl'ke/an

-nt

Key:

|-s

-jtori

incubation jinkja'bejan, jigk-

incubus 'inkjabas, 'igk-

I-bly -bli

inconvenience jinkanVinjans

S

incrustation jinkrAs'te/an

incubate 'inkjajbet, 'igk-

jinkantra'vytabl,

-jneta(r

-jtari;

incrust in'krAst |-ed -id

-jvat-, -jvyt-

incontrovertible

ES

incriminatory in'krimanajtori,

-nt

jinkra'm£ntl

|-al

|-d -id

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret Ij^et J2t [sang saeg Iangr>- 'aeg-gri baO (§10) |ah a |far far Jwatch wat/, wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeG;

E

—

—

indignity

221

inculpate inculpate in'kAlpet, 'inkAljpet |-d -id

indemnify in'dEmna/fai

inculpation jinkAl'peJan

indemonstrable in'dEmanstrabj, ^indi'man-

inculpatory in'kAlp9jtori,

S

-ttsri;

strabl;

-^tori

ES+-'mDn-;

|-fied -jfaid |-ity -ti

|-bly

incult in'kAlt ('in^cult 'beard)

indene 'indin

incumbency in'kAmbansi |-bent -bant incumber in'kAmba'; ES -'kAmbaCr; |-ed -d |-ing -'kAmbrig, -bang incumbrance in'kAmbrans |-s -iz incunabula jnkju'naBbjala \sg -lum -lam

indent n in'dent, 'indent

incur in'ky;

ES

-'ksCr, -'ky; |-red

ES+-'ds-

|-s

ES

-'karans, -'kArans,

incursive in'kysiv;

ES

incurvate in'kyvet;

ES

-'ks-, -'k?-

indestructibility jindijStrAkta'bilati

indeterminate

ES

^indi'ts-manit;

-'tsm-,

-'tsm-,

ES

ES

-'ksv-, -'ka^v-

-'ksv-, -'kyv-; |-d -id

ES -ks'v-, -ks^VES -jksv, -jkyv ES -'ksv, -'kyv; |-d -d

-'tym-;

|-cudes in'kjudiz, -'kiu-

The

historical pron. is

|-es -iz [indices 'indajsiz |-ed -t

|-n

-man |-men

-n |-man

-man Indiana ;indi'aena

BBC indi'a:na is not Am.

Indianapolis jindian'asphs, -'aephs, -as

|-'s

-iz

Indianian jindi'aenian, -njan

aind, as in Chauc. and Shak.

indamin 'indamin |-mine

-'t3m-,

|-ist -ist

India 'india, 'indja

|-es -iz

ES

indeterminism jindi'tymanjizam; index 'indeks

Ind 'India' ind, aind

ES -^tam-,

inde termination ^indijtyma'ne/an;

incurve n 'in^ks^v;

incus 'igkas

ES

indeterminable iindi'tyminabl;

incurvation jinks^Ve/an;

in'kyv;

|-cy -i |-nt -nt

-itym-

-'kss-, -'kys-

incurvate adj in'kyvit, -vet;

v

-'dent/a(r; |-d -d

independence ;indi'p£ndans

-'tym-

-iz

incursion in'kysan, -'ky/-;

incurve

ES

indenture in'dentja"-;

-'tym-; |-bly-bh

incurious in'kjurias, -'kiur-

-'kyans;

in'dent |-ed -id |-ation jinden'te/an

indestructible jindi'sttAktabl |-bly -bh

incurable in'kjurabl, -'kiur- |-bly -bh

incurrence in'kyans;

v

indention in'den/an

indescribable jindi'skraibabl |-bly -bh

-d

incurability ^inkjura'bilati, -kiur-, irijk-

incuriosity jinkjuri'asati, -kiur-;

indent

-bh

-mm

-jinin,

Indie 'indik indie 'indik |indican 'indikan

indebt in'det |-ed -id |-edness -idnis

indecency in'disnsi |-cent -snt

indicant 'indikant

indecipherability .indijsaifra'bilati, -fara-

indicate 'inda^ket [-d -id |-tion ^inda'kejan

indecipherable jindi'saifrabl, -fara- [-bly -bli

indicative in'dikativ, -'dikitiv

indecision jindi'sisan |-cisive -'saisiv

indicator 'inda^keta^;

indeclinable jindi'klainabl |-bly -bh

indices pi of index 'inda^siz

indecorous

in'dekaras,

jindi'koras;

EN+

-jketa(r

|-er,

-or -a^;

ES

-a(r

indictable in'daitabl |-bly -bh

-'kar-

indecorum jindi'koram,

indict in'dait |-ed -id

ES

-'kar-;

S -'koram

indeed in'did, n'did, ew^//. + 'in'did ('jEsn-

indictee jindait'i indiction in'dik/an

indictment in'daitmant

'did)

indefatigability jindi^faetiga'bilati

Indies 'indiz, 'indiz

indefatigable jindi'faetigabl |-bly -bh

indifference in'difrans, -'difarans ]-nt -nt

indefeasible ^indi'fizabl |-bly -bh

indigence 'indadsans |-gent -dsant

indefensible jindi'fensabi |-bly -bh

indigene 'inda^dsin

indefinable jindi'fainabl |-bly -bh

indigenous in'didsanas

indefinite in'dEfanit

indigestibility jindajdsesta'bilati

indehiscence jindi'hisns -scent -snt

indigestible jinda'dsestabl |-bly

indelibility iindela^bilati, inydel-

indigestion jinda'dsestjan

|

indelible ni'delab! |-bly

-bh

-bh

indign in'dain

indelicate in'dElakat, -kit |-cacy -kasi

indignant in'dignant |-gnation jindig'nejan

indemnification nijdemnafa'ke/an

indignity in'dignati

|full

ful [tooth tuO [further 'fy'Sa^;

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

— indigo

222

inebriacy Indo-Germanic (indodsa^^'maemk, -ds^-; ES -dsa-, -dss-, -dsy-

indigo 'indijgo |-digoid -di^gaid indigotin in'digatin, ^indi'gotin

Indio 'indijO

indol 'indol, -dal, -dol |-dole -dol

indirect jinda'rekt |-rection

-Vek/an

indolence 'indalans |-lent -bnt

ES

indiscernible yindi'zynabl, -'syn-;

-an-.

-yn-; |-bly -bh

indomitable in'damatsbl; ES-h-'dnm-; |-bly

-bh

indiscriminate ^indi'skrimanit

Indonesian ^indo'niXan, -33n indoor 'in^dor, -/dar; ES -jdo3(r,

indiscrimination jindijskrima'ne/an

indoors n in'dorz, -'darz;

indiscreet jindi'skrit |-scretion -'skreXan

indispensability jindiyspensa'bibti

indispensable jindi'sp8ns3bl indispose jindi'spoz

|-s

|-ljly

-iz |-d

indoors

-bli

indoors

^indijSpjuta'bibti,

-^spiut-.

-bh

Usage appears

to

he

'bibti;

jindijsalja'bilati,

in^dislju-

ES + -jSd1-

-jdarz;

ES

-^doazj

adv

'in'dorz,

-'darz;

ES

-'doaz.

E + -'d33Z indorse in'dars;

ES

-'daas;

-iz |-d -t

|-s

indoxyl in'daksil; ES-f-'dokindraft, -draught 'm^draeft; E+-jdraft, -^draft

indrawn 'in'dran ('in;drawn 'breath)

ES +

indissoluble jindi'saljabl, in'disljubl; -'sdI-; |-bly

'in^dorz,

Indra 'indra

sensibly foUoidng the analogy 0/ dispute. indissolubility

adj

indophenol jindo'finol, -nal, -nol

m^dispjuta'bilati

|-bly

indubitable in'djubitabl, -'diu-, -'du- |-bly

-bh

-bb

induce in'djus, -'dius, -'dus

indistinct jindi'stiijkt

indistinguishability jindijstiijgwija'bilati

|-cible

-iz

|-s

induct in'dAkt |-ed -id |-ance -ans

indite in'dait |-d -id

inductile in'dAktl,

indium 'indiam

inductihty jindAk'tibti

individual jinda'vidsual, -dgul

1-ism

|-ly -i

|-ally -Ii,

-til

induction in'dAk/an |-tive -trv

jinda^vidsual'istik,

-d3ul-

inductor in'dAkta^;

ES

-'dAktaCr

indue in'dju, -'dm, -'du

-ikh

individuality jindajvidsu'aelati

indulge in'dAlds

individualization jmdajvidsuala'zejan, -d5ul-,

indulgence in'dAldgans

|-s

|-d

-d

-iz |-d -d |-s

-iz |-d -t |-nt -nt

indulin 'indjuhn |-line -Jin, -hn

-ai'z-

individualize jindaVidsual^aiz, -dsul-

|-s

-iz

indurate adj 'indjurit, -durit indurate v 'indjujret, -du^ret

l-d-d indivisibility jindajViza'bibti

induration ^indju're/an, -du-

-bh Indo-Aryan 'indo'Erian, -W-, -W-, -rjan;

industrial in'dAstrial |-ly

indivisible jinda'vizabl |-bly

S

Indus 'indas

|-'s

|-d -id

-iz -i

j-ism

-jzam

j-ist

-ISt

-'aer-, -'er-, -'ar-

Indo-British 'indo'briti/

industrialization injdAstriala'ze/an, -ai'z-

Indo-Chinese

industrialize in'dAstrialjaiz

'indotJ"ai'niz

indocile in'dasl, -sil;

ES+-'dDS-

industry 'indastri, 'in^dAstri

ES-h-Mok-;

|-d

ES +

E

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

[far

"~

ES

-jdwelaCr

indwelling n 'in,dwEhg

inearth in'yO;

-D-

Indo-European ^inda jura'pisn* jindoin full §§3-47.

-d

indwell in'dwel [-dwelt -'dwelt indweller 'in^dwela^;

-id

indoctrination in^daktri'iiejan, jindak-;

|bath baeG;

-iz |-d

|-s

industrious in'dAstnas

indocility jindo'sibti

indoctrinate in'daktrinjet;

Key: See

-t

inductivity jindAk'trvati

|-ist -ist

individualistic

|-d

-abl |-dly -idh

indistinguishable jindi'stiggwijabl 1-bly -bh

-jizam

E-i-

E + -jdD3Z

-d

indisputable jindi'spjutabl, -'spiut-, in'dis-

pjutabl

E + -jd33(r -'doaz,

-'dD3Z

indisposition ^indispa'zi/an indisputability

ES

ES

-'36, -'yO; |-ed -t

inebriacy in'ibrissi |-briant -briant 'piti

(§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr}- 'asg-gri

far |watch wat/, wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge g3rd5 |go go

— 223

inebriate

infinitive

inebriate adj in'ibnit

inexpiable in'Ekspiabl |-bly -bli

inebriate n in'ibriit, -ifii

inexplainable jinik'splenabj

inebriate v in'ibriiet |-d -id

inexplicability injEkspIika'bilati, jinsks-

inebriation mjibri'e/an

inexplicable

in'sksplikobj

|-bly

-bli

Brii

occasional ^inik'splikabj seems to he gaining

inebriety ^ini'braiati

groiond here.

inedibility jineda'bilati, injcda-

inedible lo'edabl

inexpressible ^inik'sprEsabl |-bly -bli

inedited in'editid

inexpressive jinik'sprESiv

ineducability jinedsaka'bilati, -dsu-

inexpugnable jnik'spAgnabl [-bly

ineducable in'edsakabl, -A^v-

in extenso ^inik'stEnso

ineffability jiiiEfa'bibti, in^efa-

inextinguishable ^imk'stiggwijabl |-bly -bli

-bli

ineffable in'efabl |-bly -bli

in extremis ^imk'striniis

ineffaceable jina'fesabj |-bly -bli

inextricable in'Ekstrikabl |-bly -bh

ineffective jina'fsktiv

infallibility jinfaela'bilati, in^faela-

ineffectual jina'fekt/ual, -t/ul |-ly -i

infallible in'faelabl |-bly -bli

ineffectuality jinajfEkt/u'aebti

infamous 'infamas infamy

inefficacious jinEfa'ke/as |-cacy in'efakasi

infancy 'infansi |-fant -fant

inefficience jina'fi/ons |-cy -i |-nt -nt

infanta in'faenta infante in'faente

inelastic jini'laestik

infanticide in'faenta^said infantile 'infan^tail, -tal, -til

inelasticity jinilaes'tisati

inelegance in'sbgans

|-s

'iiifami

|

infantine 'infan^tain, -tm

-iz |-cy -i |-nt -nt

-man ]-men -man

ineligibility jinekdsa'bibti, in^Elidsa-

infantry 'infantri |-man

ineMgible in'shdjabl |-bly -bli

infatuate in'faet/ujet |-d -id

ineluctable jini'lAktabl |-bly -bli

infatuation in^fastju'e/an

inept in'Ept

infeasible in'fizabi

ineptitude in'Eptajtjud, -jtiud, -^tud

infect in'fEkt |-ed -id

infection in'fEkJan |-tious -/as |-tive -tiv

inequality jini'kwabti, -'kwolinequitable in'skwitabl |-bly -bli |-ty

infelicitous jinfa'lisatas |-ty -ti

-ti

ineradicable jim'raedikabl |-bly -bli

infelt 'in^fElt

inerrancy in'sransi |-rant -rant

infer

inert in'yt;

ES

inertia in'^/a;

mfe; ES

-'f3(r, -'fy; |-red

-d

in'at, -'yt

inferable in'fyabl, 'infarabi; ES+-'f3rabl

ES

inference 'infarans

-'a/a, -'y/a

|-s

-iz

inescapable iina'skepabl |-bly -bli

inferential jinfa'rEn/al |-ly

in esse ih'esi

inferior in'firia';

inessential jina's£nj"al

inferiority injfin'arati, -'ar-, -'nr-, jnfir-

inestimable in'sstamabl |-bly -bli

ES

-i

-'firi'a(r

ES -'fsnl, -'fynl; [-ly -i ES -'fane, -'fyno inferrible m'fyabl; ES + -'f3rabl infertile in'fytl, -til; ES -'fs-, -'fy-; l-ly -i infertility jnfa^'tilati; ES jinfainfernal in'fynl;

inferno, I- in'fyno;

inevitability ^inEvata'bilati, idjEv-

inevi table in'svatabl |-bly -bli

inexact jinig'zaekt inexactitude jinig^zaekta^tjud, -^tiud, -^tud

-

inexcusable jinik'skjuzabl, -'skiuz- |-bly -bli

infest in'fEst |-ed -id |-ation jinfEs'te/an

inexhaustibility ^inigjzasta'bilati

infidel 'infadi |-delity ^infa'dElati

inexhaustible jinig'zastabj |-bly -bli

infield 'in^fild

inexorable m'Eksarabl |-bly -bh

infiltrate in'filtret |-d -id

inexpedience jinik'spidians |-cy

-i |-nt

-nt

inexpensive jimk'spEnsiv inexperience jnik'spirians [-d inexpert jnik'spyt;

ES

infinite, I- 'infanit,

-'spst, -'spyt; ('inex-

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^;

worship occas. -^nait

infinitesimal jinfina'tEsaml |-ly -i

-t

jpert 'help) |full

infiltration jinfil'tre/an

infinitival jnfina'taivl, in^fina- |-ly -i

infinitive in'finativ

ES

'fstJa

[using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision

|custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy

Vi5an |Eden

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

infinitude in'finajtjud, -jtiud, -^tud

infusoria, -'soria;

infinity in'finati

infirm in'fym;

ES

-'fsm, -'fym; |-ary -an,

-n

n

inflame in'flem

|-d

-d |-dly -idli

inflammable in'flaemabl |-bly

-bli

inflammation jinfb'mejon

inflammatory in'flaemajtori,

-jtori;

S

-^tori

'draegig.

The pronunciation

or

-with -in,

ivith

'getn) is occasionally heard in

tJie

parts of the

US

b" C.

It is

more frequent in

is not infreqii-ently

and

all

In

informal

the S, "where

heard also on formal

this vocabulary only -ig is

this is usually omitted if the pro-

nunciation can be inferred by adding the

in'fkkt |-ed -id

sounds -ig directly

|-al -j |-ally -li

head pronunciation.

to the

Ingaevones ^indsiVoniz

inflexibility injfkksa'bibti, jinfkksa-

ingather m'gieSa';

in'fkksabl |-bly -bh

inflexion in'fkkjan

ES

-'gaeSaCr; |-ed -d ]-ing

-'gaeSrig, -'gaeSarig

ingathering n 'in^gaetJrig, -jgaeSang

in'fhkt |-ed -id |-ction -kjan

inflorescence jinflo'resns, -fb-; S -flo-;

J-s

-iz

|-cent -snt

Inge Dean of St. FauFs ig Ingelow 'indsajo

ingeminate in'dsEmajnet

'iiijflo

influence 'influans, -fliuans

|-s

-iz |-d -t

|-d -id

ingenerate adj in'dsenarit

influential jinflu'En/al, -fliu- j-ly -i

ingenerate v in'dsEnajret

influenza jinflu'enza, -fliu-

ingenious in'dsinjas

influx 'in^fUks |-es -iz

ingenue Fr ieje'ny

infold in'fold |-ed -id

ingenuity ^indsa'nuati, -'nni-, -'nju-

inform in^form;

ES

informal m'farmj;

-'foam; |-ed -d |-edly -idh

ES

-'faamj;

informality jinfor'tnaelati;

informant in'fDrmant;

ES

ES

information jinfa-'mejan; informative in'farmativ;

[-d -id

ingenuous in'dsenjuas Ingersoll 'igga-sal, -jsal, -jSdI, -^sal;

|-!y -i

-fD^maslati

ES

'igga-

ingest in'dsEst \-ed -id j-gestion -'dsEstJon

Ingham 'igam

-'faamant

ES jinfaES -'foamativ

ingle 'iggl |-nook -^nuk

inglobe in'glob |-d -d inglorious in 'glorias, -'gbr-; S -'glor-

infra 'infra

ingoing 'in^goig

infract in'fraekt |-ed -id infra dig short for infra dignitatem

'infra-

'dig(ni'tet£m)

Ingold 'ingold, 'iggold

Ingoldsby 'iggjzbi, 'iggaldzbi

infrangible in'fraendsabl |-bly -bli

ingot 'iggat -ed -id

infrared jinfra'red

ingraft in'grasft;

infrequence in'frikwans |-cy infringe in'f rinds

|-s

-i |-nt

-nt

E + -'graft, -'graft; Ingraham 'iggriam, 'iggraham

|-la -la

infuriate c^f/m'fj unit, -'fiur-

ingrain adj, v in'gren ]-ed -d ('in^grain 'rug)

ingrained adj in'grend |-nedly -nidli, -ndli

infuriate v in'fjurijet, -'fiur- |-d -id

Ingram 'iggram

infuse in'fjuz, -'fiuz

ingrate n 'ingret

|-s

-iz |-d

|-ed -id

ingrain n 'in^gren

-iz |-d -d

infundibulum jinfAn'dibjabm

-d |-dly -idli

infusible in^fjuzabj, -'fiuz-

ingratiate in'gre/ijct [-d -id

infusion in'fjusan, -'fiujan

ingratiatory in'grefiajtori, -jtari; S -jtori

infusive in'fjusiv, -'fius-

ingratitude in'graBta,tjud, -jtiud, -jtud

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

-an

-n (getting

speech of the cultivated in

given,

inflow n

making

dragging

'draegg.

occasions.

inflict

or g sound, as

'mekg,

inflation in'fle/an |-ary -jgri |-ism -^izam ]-ist

inflexible

Syllabic -g frequeiitly

k

'mekig,

it

in'fkk/an

S

-ing ending of pres ptc b' verbal n, pronounced

inflate in'flet |-d -id

-ISt

-'soria;

-fiu-,

-n

(running 'rAnin, 'rAnan) or

inflammability in/flaema'bilati, jinflaems-

inflection

-1 |-n

replaces -ig after a

'in^fiks |-es -iz

infix V in'fiks |-es -iz |-ed -t

inflect

jinfju'soria,

I|-1

-ig, -g, -in, -an, n.

|-ity -3ti

infix

ingratitude

224

infinitude

E

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr}' 'seg-gri baO (§10) |ah a |far far [watch watj", wotj (§12) |jaw dsa Igorge gards |go go

ingredient ingredient in'gridiant

n

ingress

Innsbruck

225 inion 'inian

iniquitous I'nikwatas |-ty

'ingrts |-es -iz

I'm/al

ingress v in'grES |-es -iz |-ed -t

initial

ingression in'greXan |-sive -'gr£siv

initiate n, adj I'ni/iit, -^et

ingrow 'in^gro |-grew -igru, -jgriu |-grown -igron

-ti

|-ly -i

initiate v I'm/iiCt |-d -id

initiation ijiu/i'efan

ingrown adj 'm'gron ('in^grown 'habit)

initiative i'ni/i,etiv, I'ni/iativ

ingrowth

initiatory I'ni/iajtori, -jtori; S -jtori

'iiijgroB |-ths -0s

inject in'dsekt |-ed -id j-ction -kjan

inguinal 'iggwinl ingulf in'gAlf |-ed -t

ES

injector in'dsekta^;

ES -'gsds-, -'gyds-

ingurgitate m'gs'dsajtet;

-'dsektaCr

injudicious ^indsu'diXas, -dsiu-

injunction in'dsAgkJan [tive -tiv

Id -id

inhabit in'haebit |-ed -id inhabitability inhabitability

'

injure 'indsa^; injhaebita'bilati

habitabiliiy'

'nonhabitability'

^inliaebita-

inhabitable 'habitable' in'hiebitabl

-d53(r; |-d -d |-ry

injustice in'dsAstis

ink

'bibti

ES

-iz

|-s

iflk |-ed -t |-horn -jhorn;

ES

inkstand 'iflkjstaend

inhabitancy in'haebatansi |-tant -tant

inkwell 'igk^wel

inhabitation in^haeba'tejan

inland adj 'inland

inhalant in'hebnt

inland n, adv 'injaend, 'inland

inhale in'hel |-d -d |-lation jinha'Ie/an

-'mon-,

ES

jinhar'manik;

inlander 'inlanda^;

-ha:'manik.

E+ -barES

-ha'mon-.

E + -haES

S + -'he3(r;

-'hi3(r,

inherence in'hirans |-cy

-i |-nt

|-d

-d

-nt

inheritable in'heratabl |-bly -bb

inheritance m'heratans

1

ES

-da(r

v in'la |-ed in'lad

inlet

n

'in^kt, v in'let

inly 'ink

inhere in'hir;

-tris

inlaw n 'inja,

inlay n \n\e, v in'le |-laid in'led

inharmonious jnharWonias;

inheritor

-jhaan

inkling 'igklig

inhabitable 'not habitable' 'in'haEbitabl

inharmonic

in'berata';

|-s

ES

inmate 'inmet in

medias res in

in

memoriam jinma'morijaem, -'man-,

'inidi,aes 'riz

-'h£r3t3(r;

|-tress

inmost 'in^most, -mast inn in |inned ind

-tress's -trisiz

innate I'net, in'net ('in^nate 'poise)

inhibit in'hibit [-ed -id

inner

inhibition jini'bijan, jinhi-

innervate I'nyvet, 'ina^jvet;

inhibitive in'hibitiv

'ina^;

ES

'ina(r; |-most -^most,

-mast

ES I'nsv-, I'nyv-,

'ina-; |-d -id

inhibitory in'hibajtori, -jtari; S -^tori

inhospitable m'haspitabl;

-bh

innerve

I'ns'v,

in'nyv;

inhospitality ^inhaspa'taelati; ES-i- -bos-

Innes, Inness 'inis

innholder 'in^holda^;

inhumanity jinhjuWaenati, -hiu-, -ju'maen-

innkeeper 'in^kipa';

inhumation jinbju'mejan, -hiu-

innocence 'inasns |-cy

|-d

[-tionist -ist

inning

-iz

|-'s

ES

-jholda(r

'inii)

ES

innocuous I'nakjuas;

-d

-jkipa(r -i

|-cent -snt

ES + -'nnk-

innominate adj I'namanit, in'n-;

Inigo 'inijgo -i,

innovate 'inajvet

-ikb

ES + -'nDm-

|-d -id |-tion jina'vejan

ES + -'nDk-

inimitability jinimitD'bilati

innoxious I'nakjas, in'n-;

inimitable in'imatabl |-bly -bh

Innsbruck 'inzbruk (Ger 'insbruk)

ful |tooth tuG Ifurther 'fySa^;

-'nyv;

1-d-d

inhuman inTijuman, -'hiuman, -'juman inhumane jinbju'men, -biuWen, -juWen

inhume m'bjum, -'hium

ES jinaES -'nav,

innervation jina^'vejan;

ES + -'hDS-; much

less freq. jinhos'pitable |-bly

inimical in'imikl |-ly

-jon.

S -'mori-

-iz

inheritrix in'heratriks [-es -iz

|full

-i

injurious in'dsurias, -'dsiu-

ES

'fstJa

|custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy

|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision 'visan |Eden 'idn |cradle 'kredl |keep

tai

'em 'kipm

innuendo

insincerity

226 insanity in'saenati

innuendo ^inju'Endo innumerable

m'n-,

I'njumarabl,

-'mum-,

-'num- |-bly -bh innumerous m'njumaras, -'mum-, -'numinnutrition jinju'tri/an, ^mnju-, -mu-, -nu-

insatiability injse/ia'bilati, -^seja-, /insej-

insatiable in'sefiabl, -'seja- |-bly -bli insatiate in'sejiit |-ated -^etid

inscribe in'skraib |-d -d

inscription in'sknpjan

|-tious -/as

inobservance jinab'zyvans;

ES -'z3V-, -'zyv-;

inscroll

m'skrol

|-ed -d

inscrutability iiijskruta'b^ati, -^sknut-, ^in-

|-nt -nt

ES + -'iokES + -'Dk-; |-d

skr-

inoculable in'akjalabl; inoculate in'akjajlet;

inscru table in'sknitabl, -'skmit- |-bly -bb

-id

ES

inoculation injakja'leXan; ES+-jt)k-

insculp in'skAlp |-ed

inodorous in'odaras

insect 'insekt

inoffensive jina'fEnsiv

insectarium ^insEk'tEnam, -'ter-

inofEcious jina'fi/as

insectary 'insEk^tEn

inoperable in'aparabl; ES+-'Dp-

insecticide in'sektajsaid |-dal -jsekta'saidl

inoperative in'apajretiv, -'aparativ, -'aprativ;

insectival jinsEk'taivl, in'sektavl

ES+-'Dp-

insectivore in'sEktajVor,

inopportune ^inapa^'tjun, in^ap-, -'tiun, -'tun;

ES+-DP-,

I

ES

-^var;

-^voaCr,

E+-jV33(r

ES -'aadnit jinar'gaenik; ES -aa'gaen-;

insecure jinsi'kjur, -'kiur; j-al

-j

inseminate in'sE magnet

-ally -h, -ikh

ES

-a(r

insecurity jinsi'kjurati, -'kiurati |-d -id

inosculate in'askjajlet; ES+-'ds-; \-d -id

insemination nijSEma'neJan, jinsEma-

inositol I'nosijtol

insensate m'senset, -sit

inpatient 'injpejant

insensibility jinssnsa'bilati, in^SEnsa-

inphase adj

insensible in'sEusabj |-bly -bli

'in^fez

-ipur;

ES

-,po3{t,

inpour v in'por, -'por-, -'pur;

ES

-'po3(r,

inpour n -;pu3(r,

-'pu3(r,

'iii/por,

-tja(r

insectivorous jinsEk'tivaras, -'trvras

-jop-

inordinate in'ordnit; inorganic

-t |-ture -t/a--;

-jpar,

E + -;pD3(r E + -'p33(r;

insensitive in'sensativ insensitivity jinsEusa'tivati, nijSEnsa-

|-ed -d

insentient in'sEnJiant, -Jant inseparability

input 'in^put

jinsEpara'bilati,

in^SEpara-,

-pra-

inquest 'inkwEst

inseparable in'sEparabj, -pra- |-bly -bli

inquiet in'kwaiat

insert n 'insyt;

inquietude in'kwaiajtjud, -jtiud, -jtud

insert v in'syt;

|-ed -id

insertion

-'syjan

inquire in'kwair;

ES

-'kwai3(r; |-d -d

inquiry m'kwairi, 'inkwari

inset n 'in^sEt, v in'set

inquisition jnkwa'zi/on

insheathe

inquisitive in'kwizativ |-tor -t^;

ES

-t3(r

inquisitorial iiijkwiza 'tonal, jinkwiza-, -'tor-;

S

ES -sst, -syt ES -'sst, -'s^t; in'saj'an; ES -'ss/an, in'/itS \-d

-d

inshore adj \nJot, -/Jar;

inside adv 'in'said ('in^side

inroad 'in^rod

inside prep in'said

inrush n 'in^rAX inrush v in'rAj

insider in'saida^;

1-es -iz

E+

insalubrious

jinsa'lubrias,

-brati

ES

&

'out^side)

-'saida(r

insidious in'sidias

|-es -iz |-ed -t

insalivate in'saelajvet |-d -id

insight 'lUjsait

-'hub-

]-brity

insignia in'signia insignificance jinsig'mfakans j-cant -kant

ES

insane in'sen ('iujsane 'root)

insincere jinsin'sir;

insanitary in'saenajteri

insincerity ,insin's£rati

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

-j/oa(r,

inside n, adj 'in'said ('in^side 'door)

-'tor-

in re in'ri

Key:

ES

-yJaaCr; adv 'in'shore

E

-'si3(r, S-i--'sEa(r

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saerj langrj- 'aeg-gri baO (§10) |ah a |far far |\vatch watj, wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

— insurgence

227

insinuate

The

instead in'sted

insinuate in'sinjujct |-d -id

insinuation injSinju'e/an

is

historical doublet in^stid

frequently heard.

insipid in'sipid |-ity ^insiVdati

instep 'injstep

insipience m'sipians |-ent -ant

instigate ^instajget |-d -id |-tor -a^;

insist in'sist |-ed -id

instigation /insta'gejan

insistence m'sistans |-cy

-i |-ent

instill, -il in'stil |-ed, -led

-ant

in'sner,

-a(r

-d

instillation jinsti'Ie/an

in situ in'saitju, -tiu-, -tu

insnare

ES

E

-'snaer;

-'sn£3(r,

ES

instinct

n

'instigkt

instinct adj in'stigkt |-ive -iv

-'snaE3(r; |-d -d

insobriety jinsa'braiati, ^inso-

institute 'insta/tjut, -jtiut-, -^tut |-d -id

insociability jinso/a'bilati, in^so/a-

institution

insociable in'so/abj |-bly -bh

institutionalize

insolate 'insojiet |-d -id

-^tiu-,

-'tu-

jmsta'tju/anj^aiz,

-Jnal-

-iz j-cy -i |-nt -nt

|-s

insolubility jinsalja^bibti;

ES+-sdI-

ES + -'sd1-;

insoluble in'saljabj;

instruct in'strAkt |-ed -id 1-ction -k/an |-ive -IV |-or -3^;

]-bly -bli

ES

-a(r

instrument 'instramant

insolvable in'salvabl, -'solv- |-bly -bli

instrumental /instra'mentl

insolvency in'salvansi, -'sdIv- |-vent -vant

instrumentality /instramen'taelati

ES + -'si3m-

insomnia in'samms;

|-ist -ist 1-ly -i

instrumentation /instramen'tejan

ES -^baadES -^baad-

insomuch jinsa'mAt/, -so-

insubordinate jinsa'bardnit; -dnit;

insouciance in'susians {Fr ^esu'sja-.s)

insubordination jinsa/bardn'e/an;

insouciant in'susiant {Fr ^su'sja)

insubstantial jinsab'stjenjal

inspan in'spsen j-ned -d

insubstantiality /insabjstaenXi'aelati insufferable m'sAfrabl, -fara- j-bly -bh

inspect in'spekt |-ed -id J-ction -kjan

ES

inspector m'spekta^;

ES

-'spektaCr; ]-ate -it

-'sfi3(r,

S+-'sfE3(r

-i

|-ent -ant

insufflation jinsa'fle/an

inspiration jinspa'rejan

-'spai3(r;

|-d

ES

insular 'insala^, 'insju-;

|-al -1 |-ally -li

inspiratory in'spaira^tori, -jtari; S -/ton

ES

insufficience /insa'fi/ans |-cy

insufflate in'sAflet, 'insa/flet |-d -id

inspirable in'spairabi

inspire in'spair;

|-s

institutive 'msta^tjutiv, -/tiu-, -^tu-

insole 'injsol |-d -d

insphere lu'sfir;

|-ary

-IZ |-d -d

insolation jinso'le/an

insolence 'msalans

jinsta'tju/an,

-fin

-d j-dly

-idh

-Ia(r

insularity jnsa'lasrati, /insju-

insulate 'insajlet, 'insju- |-tor

-9-',

ES

-a(r

insulation jinsa'lejan, -sju-

inspirit in'spint j-ed -id

insulin 'insalin, -sju-

inspissate in'spiset j-d -id

insulize 'msa^laiz, -sju-

instability jinsta'bilati

insult

install in'stal |-ed -d

insuperability in^supara^bilati, -^siu-, -iSJu-,

installation imsta'lejan

|-s -iz |-d -t

ES

instar instar

n

^instar;

ES

in'star;

v

j-stant -stant

-'poat-,

E+-sta:(r

-'sta:(r,

l-red -d

quo in'stetju'kwo,

]-bly

-'part-;

ES

-bh

insurable in'/urabl |-ability inj/ura'bilati

insurance m'/urans

|-s

-iz

ES -'j"ua(r; |-d -d insurer in'/ura^; ES -ra(r insurgence in'sydsans; ES -'ssds-, insure in'/ur;

-^staetju-

instaurate in'staret |-d -id instauratlon /instaVe/an |full

jinsa'portabi,

E+-V33t-;

insuppressible jinsa'prEsabl |-bly -bh

E+-'sta:(r;

instate in'stet |-d -id in statu

-bh insupportable

-'staenta(r

-sta:(r,

ES

-iz |-d -d

insuperable in'suparabl, -'siu-, -^sju- |-bly

instantaneous jinstan^enias instanter m'stasnta^;

|-s

'insAlt, v in'sAlt |-ed in'sAltid

^ins-

installment, -stalm- in'stolmant

instance 'instans

n

ful Itooth tue Ifurther 'fytJa^;

-'s3'd3-;

|-cy -I |-ent -ant

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail [how

[using 'juzirj |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish di/ [vision

Visan |Eden

hau

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

|toy tai

'em 'kipm

228

insurmountabie insurmountable l-bly

jinsa^'mauntabl;

ES

-sa-;

interest

ES -'tsk-, -'ts'kES -'tsk-, -'tyk-;

intercalary in'tyka^lEri; intercalate in'tyka^let;

-bh

insurrection jinsaVek/an |-ary -^en insusceptibility jins3jS£pt3'bibti

intercalation in^tyka^lejan;

insusceptible jinsa'septabl l-bly -bli

intercede ^mta^'sid;

inswathe m'swetJ

|-d

-d

ES

intact in'taekt

intercept v

j-ption -p/an

intaglio m'taeljo, -'taljo {It inHaXito)

ES ^intaES ^rntan 'inta^yt/ends; ES 'inta-; j-s -iz v jinta^'t/ends; ES ^mta-; |-s -iz

intake 'in^tek

intercession jinta^'se/an;

intangible in'tiendsabl l-bly -bk

intercessory ^inta^'sEsan;

ES

interchange

-d33(r -i 1-grable

interchange

-gr9bl

I-d-d

integrality ^inta'graelati

interchangeability

integrant 'intagrant -grand -^graend |

integrate 'intajgret 1-grated -^gretid

-jgreta(r

l-bly

v in'tEgjajiriEnt |-ed -id

ES

;

'mta-, E-i--'klas,

intercollegiate jintyka'lidsiit, -dsit;

intercolonial ^inta^ka'lonial;

intellect 'mtl.ekt

^intrekt/ual, -tjul 1-ly

|-ism

-i

ES

-jiniun-;

intellectuality jintl/ektXu'aelati intellectualize jintl'ektjualjaiz, -tjul-

|-s

-iz

ES

jnta'kajinjuna^ej'an.

^inta-

jinta-

interconnect jint3- 'aeg-gri

far [watch wat/,

wot/

(§12) |jaw dsa Igorge g3rd5 |go go

logbook Those words below in which the a sound

logbook 'bgibuk,

is spelt

'lag-, 'Ing-

loge I03 {Fr \6:z)

loggerhead 'bg--

Mayo surname

Am

'meo.

Indian 'majo

mayonnaise ^mea'nez ('mayonjnaise

'dress-

ing)

mayor,

M-

met; ES 'me'3(r, mE3(r;

'mea',

Maypole, m- 'meipol maypop 'mepap; ES+'mepop mayst mest

Mechhn

|

mazer 'meza^; ES 'mez3(r mazurka ma'zyka, -'zurka;

ES

-'zaka.

'maeza^d;

ES

'maezad

Mazzini maet'sini, mat'sini

mat'tsimi,

Macmi mid

alphabetized under

stressed 'mi, jini; unstr.

|-ed -d |-less 'milhs

mealie, -y 'corn' 'mill

j-lies

'meklin^byg.

'mek-)

medal 'medl

[-ed -d [-ist -ist

medallic ma'daehk, mi- [ally

medallion ma'daeljan, mi-

-li,

-ikU

|-ist -ist

meddle 'medl [d -d [-Ung 'medbg, 'medlig meddlesome 'medlsam

Mede mid Medea mi'dia

M- 'midia \pl mediae 'midiji media pi of medium 'midia mediacy 'midiasi mediaeval jmidi'ivl, ^med- [-ly -i |-ism -jizam medial 'midial

median,

M-

|-ly -i

'midian

mediate adj 'midiit

mediate

[-s

ES

mediatory 'midia/tori,

-ftt

|-thedly

-etli

mi'aenda-;

imidi'e/an

v 'midi^et [-d -id |-tion

mediatize 'midia^taiz

medical 'medikl

|

M-

Germany

US,

-/bsg, -/bs^g; {Ger 'meiklan^burk.

-d

-iz [-d

-,eta(r

-^tari;

S

-jtori

medic 'medik [Medic 'midik

'mili'mautJd,

mean min meant ment meander,

ES

mediator 'midi^eta^;

-z

mealtime 'mil^taim

-Sdh,

-d

|-ist -ist

mead mid |Mead, -e meadow 'medo, 'meda |-ed -d |-ing 'medawig Meadville 'midvil; S + -vl meager, -gre 'miga^; ES 'miga(r; |-(e)d -d Meagher mar; ES ma:(r, E+ma:(r

-tJidh,

-ai'z-

-iz [-d

media, {It

mad'dz-)

mealy adj 'mill mealymouthed

-Ian-;

[-s

Medford 'medfsrd; ES 'medfad

-'zyka, -'zuaka

meal mil

[-ally -li, -ikli

'meklin

Mecklenburg

-idli

me

mechanistic ^meka'nistik

mechanize 'meka^naiz

Maytide 'mejtaid mazard 'maez»d; ES Waezad Mazatlan ^mazaUlan {Am Sp jmasa'tlan) mazda, M- 'maezda Mazdaism, Mazde- 'maezdajizam maze mez mazes 'meziz [mazed mezd [-dly

Mc-

'mit^maen [-men -/men meatus mi'etas [-es -iz \L pi -tus -tas Mecca 'meka mechanic ma'kaenik [-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli mechanician jmeka'niXan mechanism 'mekajnizam |-nist -nist

mechanization jmekana'ze/an,

|-alty -alti

mazzard

'mitid

|-ness

ES

'minms

-'aenda(r; |-ed -d

|-ly -i,

-ikb -cable -kabi |

medicament n ma'dikamant, 'medikamedicament v ma'dika^ment [-ed -id medicamental jmedika'mentl [-ly -i medicate 'm£di,ket

|-d -id [-tion

jmedi'keXan

Medicean ^meda'sian

|-ing -'aendrii), -'aendarig

meant ment meantime 'min^taim [meanwhile 'min^hwail

medicinable ma'disnabl, in Shak. 'medsinabi

measles 'mizlz [measly 'mizli

medicinal ma'disnl

measurabiHty jmegara'bilati

medicine 'medasn [-cined -snd

[full

ful [tooth tuO [further 'fytSa^;

ES

Medici 'meda^tji

{It 'merdijt/i)

j-ly -i

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow

hau

|using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

medico

Meigs megz [-'s Meikle 'miki

medico 'medijko medicodental jinediko'dentl medicolegal jmsdiko'ligl

|-ly -i

[-ism -jizam

mein men meiosis mai'osis

|-ist -ist

Medina NY, CO.,

-iz

Meiklejohn 'mikl^dsan, -jdsnn

|-ly -i

medieval jmidi'ivl, jined-

Tex

Melrose

274

0, Spenser's F.Q. ma'daina, mi-;

Arab

city,

ma'dina, me-, mi-;

IW

Belg painter,

Sp

b'

SAm

river

persons b'

Meistersinger

ES

'maista'jSiga^;

melanchoUa jmelan'koba

-'kalik; ES-i-

|-lic

-'kolik

places me'tiina

ES -kaCr ES + -'Dk-

mediocre 'midi^oka^, jmidi'oka*;

melancholy 'melan^kab; ES-i--jkDli

mediocrity jmidi'akrati;

Melanchthon 'Goman

meditate 'meda^tet

|-d -id |-tive -iv

Melanesia

meditation jmeda'te/an

Mediterranean,

'maista-

jSiga(r

m- jmedataVeman

|-neous

-mas

ma'la^gkOan

^melaegk-

|-ian

imEla'tiiJa, -/la, -'1113- ]-n -n

melange me'las

|-s

-d {Fr me'lais)

-iz j-d

melanic ma'laenik |-niferous (mEla'mfaras

medium 'midiam |-s -z |-dia -dia medlar 'media'; ES 'medb(r

melanin 'mElamn |melanism 'mEla/iuzam

medley 'medli |-ed, -lied -d Medoc, Me- 'medak, mi'dak; ES-f-ok; {Fr

Melba 'mslba

melanotic jmEla'natik;

me'dijk)

medulla mi'dAla

|-s

Melchers 'mEltJVz;

-11

-z [-lae

Melbourne 'melb^n; Melcher 'mEltJa^; ES

ES + -'nDt-

ES

'melban

'mElt/aCr

ES

'mElt/az;

|-'s

medullary 'medljEn, mi 'd Alan

Melchizedek mEl'kizadik, -jdsk

Medusa ma'djusa, -'dm-,

Medway 'medjwe

meld meld melded 'mEldid Meleager ^rmWeA^'sr; ES -'ed3a(r

meed mid

melee

-'du-, -za

|

M- mik

meek,

'fray'

me'le, 'mele, 'mEle {Fr me'le)

melee 'diamond' 'm£li

meerschaum 'mir/am, -Jam; ES 'miameet mit |met met

Melibeus, -boeus jmEla'bias

meetinghouse 'mitig^haus |-houses -^hauziz

melinite 'meb^nait

Meg meg

meliorate 'miljairet |-d -id 1-tive -iv

megacephalic jmegasa'faelik

megafarad jmega'faerad, megalith 'mega^he

|-lous -'sefalas

|-ths -Os |-ic jmega'liGik

melioration ymilja'rejan

ES

mE'gaemata^;

Mellen 'mebn, -an melHfiuence ma'bfluans |-nt -nt 1-uous -cas

Mellon 'melan mellow 'mElo, -a 'mElawa^;

-'gaemata(r

megameter

'million meters' 'mEgaimita';

ES

-ta(r

ES

|-er

|-al

-1

|-ally

-1

|-ally

-ikb

melodion ma'lodian j-dious -diss -'gaer-,

melodist 'mEladist

melodrama 'mEla^drama, -,draema

-'ger-

megatherium jmega'Oinam Megiddo ma'gido

melodramatic jmEladra'maetik

megohm

melody 'meladi melon 'melan

'rnggjom

See in full §§3~47.

bath bae6;

E

|-al

-li, -ikli

megrim 'migrim Mehetabel ma'hetabl |Mehitable ma'hitabl Meier 'maia^; ES 'mai-aCr Meighen 'mian

I

'mslawig

j-ed -d |-ing

-wa(r; [est 'mElawist

melodic ma'ladik; ES-i--'lDd-; -li,

megaphone 'megajfon |-d -d |-ist -ist Megara 'megara |-rian me'genan,

Key:

-iz

Melissa ma'lisa

-'faeraed

instrument

|-'s

Melicent 'mElasnt

megalomania ^mEgala'mema |-iac -i,aek megalophonous jmega'lafanas; ES + -'lDf-

megameter

-iz

bee bi |pity

ba6 (§10) |ah a

|far

far

'piti |

j-ied

-d

m- 'milas, -Ids Melpomene mel'pamani, Melos,

Melrose 'melroz (§6) [rate ret

[j^et

|-'s

-,ni;

ES+-'pDm-

-iz

jet |sang saeg |angrA' 'asg^gri

watch wat/, wotJ (§12) |jaw dsa gorge gards |

|go

go

melt

mercantile

275

melt melt |-ed -id melton,

M-

\arch.

mene,

mene,

pptc molten ^moltn

tekel,

Melton Mowbray 'mEltn'mobri

menfolk 'men^fok

Melun maUAn {Fr

menhaden mEn'hedn

ma'loe)

menhir 'menhir;

Melville 'melvil; S + 'melvl

member 'memba'; ES 'memb3(r; -ship I

-

|-ed

-d

membrane Wembren |-d -d membranous 'membranas,

mem'brenas

('mem^branous 'croup) |-neousmEm'breni3s

memento mi'iiiEnto memento mori nu'mEnto'inorai, -Wo-; S -'rao-

Memnon 'memnan,

-non

memoir 'mEmwar, -war; ES

M-

-iz |-d -d

memorize 'mema^raiz

|-ly -i j-ism

-ai'z-

meningitis

-jizam

jmEnin'dsaitis

\L

pi

-gi tides

-'dsitijdiz

meninx 'mimgks [meninges ma'nindsiz Mennonite 'menan^ait Menominee, -nie ma'namajnl; ES-h-'nnmmenopause 'mena^paz |-s -iz

ES

-/S3V-, -jsyv-

menses 'mensiz |mensal 'mensl menstruate 'menstru^et |-d -id

j-al

-strual

menstruation jmenstru'ejan

memorial ma'morial, -'mar-; S -'mor-; |-ly -i memorialize ma'monal^aiz, -'mar-; S -'mor-; memorization jmemara'ze/an,

E + -'fats-

-hia(r

menservants 'men^syvants;

-wa:(r, -W33(r

/memara'briia

memorable 'memarabl, Wemra- |-bly -bk memorandum jmemaVaendam |-s -z |-da -da

|-s

ES

'mini'miiu-

-'fa:s-,

-s

|-s

menial 'minial, -njal

ES

Menifee 'menajfi meninges ma'nindsiz |-ningeal -'nindsial

Jip

memorabilia,

upharsin

'tiklju'farsm, -'tekl-;

'meltn

mensuration jmenja'rej'an, -sa're/an, -sju-

-ment unstressed ending of nouns -mant, older b' lessfreq. -mint. Tlie pronunciation -ment for unstressed -ment {as in judgment) is

memory 'mEmari, -mri |-ied -d Memphis 'memfis |-'s -iz Memphremagog jmemfri'megag, -gng

Words in -ment are usually from the vocab. if the pron. can he found by adding -mant to the head pron. Verbs in -ment {with secondary accent) are

mem-sahib 'm£m,sa'ib, -jsahib

usually given,

men men men's menz

'augment, 'comment, 'ferment, 'torment,

menace 'mems,

in which

|-s

-iz |-d

-d

artificial.

omitted

|

menad

-as

|-s -iz |-d -t

'minaed |menades 'mena^diz

as

also

a few nouns like

-ment has an {unmarked) subordi-

nate accent.

menage, me- ma'naj, me- |-s -iz {Fr me'na:5) menagerie ma'naedsari, -'naes- {Fr menas'ri)

Menander mi'naenda'; ES -'naenda(r Menands ma'naendz, -'naenz |-'s -iz Menard ma'nard; ES -'na:d, E+-'na:d Menas 'minas |-'s -iz Menasha ma'naeja Mencken 'megkin, -an

mental 'mentl |-ly Menteith men'tiO

menthol 'mendol,

-i |-ity

men'taelati

-6al, -GdI, -6al

mentholated 'menOajletid

mention 'men/an mentor,

menu

M-

|-ed -d j-ing -/ami), -Jnig

'menta^;

'menju,

ES

'm£nta(r

'menju, 'menu,

mend mend [mended 'mendid

Menuhin 'menjuin

mendacious men'dejas j-dacity -'daesati Mendel 'mendl |-ian men'dihan Mendelssohn 'mendlsn, -json

Menzies 'menziz {Sc 'migiz, Mephibosheth mi'fibayJeO

orig. 'mijiiz)

Mephistophelean jmefista'filian, jmefa^stafa-

Mendelyeev /menda'leef, jmendJE'ljeEf mendicancy 'mendikansi |-cant -kant

Mephistopheles jmefa'stafa/liz,

mendicity men'disati

Mephistophelian ^mefista'tihan

Mendota men'dota Mendoza men'doza {Am Sp men'tJosa)

Meramec 'mera^mek

Menecrates ma'nekrajtiz Menelaus jmena'leas I-'s |full

|-'s

|-ly-li|

ES

'fstSa

-'stnf-

j-'s

-iz

|-al -1 |-tis -'faitis

mercantile 'mykantil, -jtad;

-iz

ful [tooth tue [further 'fy3»;

'lian, -jStof-

mephitic me'fitik

-iz

'menu {Fr

ma'ny)

ES

'ma-, 'my-;

+ -,til

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kred} [keep 'em 'kipm

— mercaptan

Messala

276 myl; ES msl, vasX

mercaptan ma^'kaeptaen; ES maMercator my'keta^; ES ms'ketaCr, my'ketaCr

merl, -e

Merced ma^'sEd; ES ma-

merlon 'ms-lan;

Mercedes my'sidiz; ES ms-, my-; |-des' mercenary 'mysn^En; ES 'mss-, 'mys-

M-

mercer,

'mysa^;

ES

-diz

ES

'mss-, 'm^s-;

]-s

n

'myt/an^daiz,

ES

-jdais;

ES

merchandise |-s

'myt/an^daiz;

v

ES

^mstj-,

mermaid 'ms-jmed; ES 'ms-, 'my'my-; j-men

'ms-,

Merope 'merapi,

-jpi

-man |-men -man Mercia 'my/ia,

-Ja |-cian -/lan, -/an, -sian

Mercier 'm^sia^;

Merriam 'menam

ES

Merrilies 'merajliz

|-'s

-IZ

Merrill 'meral

-iz |-d -d

merchant 'mytfant; ES 'mstj-, 'myt/-; [-man

'm3Si-a(r, 'mysi-aCr; {Fr

Merrimack, -mac 'mera^maek merriment 'ms-rimant

merry 'men |-rily 'merali, -nil merry-andrew 'men'aendru, -dnu merry-go-round 'merigajraund, -go-

mer'sje) merciful 'mysifal;

ES

'mss-, 'mys-;

ES

mercurate 'mykjajret;

]-ly -i

'msk-, 'm^k-;

|-d

Mersey 'myzi; ES 'mszi, 'myzi Merton 'mytn; ES 'mstn, 'mytn mesa,

-id

mercurial my'kjunal, -'kiu-;

ES ms-, my-;

M-

'mesa

Mesaba ma'saba

{Am Sp |-bi

ES ms-, mymercurous my'kjuras, ^mykja-, -'kiu-; ES -y-

'mesa)

-bi

mesalUance me'zaelians

l-ly -I

mercuric my'kjurik, -'kiu-;

|-s

-iz {Fr meza'lja:s)

Mesa Verde ^mesa'vyd; ES {Am Sp imcsa'liertJe)

-'vsd,

-'vyd;

mescal mes'kfel |-ism -izam

Mercury 'mykjari, 'mykari, -kn; ES 'msk-, 'm3"k-

Mercutio my'kjuJijO,

ES

-^kiu-, -/jo;

ms-,

mesdames me'dam {Fr me'dam) meseems mi'simz mesencephalon jmesen'sefajan, -jlon mesentery 'mEsn^teri

ms'-

M-

ES 'mssi, Wysi ES mia(r, S+ mEa(r |-'s

-iz

Mesmer 'mesma^,

ma'gaensa(r

'mesmar, Fr mez'merr) mesmeric mes'merik, mez-

meretricious ^mera'tri/as

merganser ma^'gaensa^;

ES

merge myds; ES msds, myds; |-s -iz |-d -d merger 'mydja^; ES 'msdsaCr, 'myd3a(r mergence 'mydjans; ES 'msdj-, 'mydsMergenthaler 'mergan^tala^, 'mygan-; ES

Meriden 'meradn, -dm ma'ridian

meringue maVasg Merino, m-

-ikli

see

mesmerism

'mez-;

ES

-ma(r;

|-al -1

j-ally -li,

mesmerism 'mesma^rizam,

'mez-

mesmerize 'mesmajtaiz, 'mez-

|-s

-iz ]-d

Mesopotamia jmesapa'temia j-n -n mesothorium jmesa'0onam, ^mez-,

M -d {Fr ma'r«:g)

ma Vino -/a*;

ES

-'aniO-

-'Gar-;

Mesozoic jmesa'zo-ik

meritorious jmera'torias, -Har-; S -'tor-

mess mes messes 'mesiz messed mest message 'mesidj |-s -iz |-d -d

Merivale 'mErajVel

Messala me'sela

See in full §§3-47.

S

mesquite 'meskit, mes'kit

merit 'merit j-ed -id

E

-d

-'Gor-

j/ia(r, -^on-, -/a(r

[bath baeG;

{Ger

jmesma'rismus, Fr mezme'rism)

Meso-Gothic, Mesog- jmiso'gaeik, -'goOik |-al -1 |-ally -|i

Merionethshire jm£n'aniGj/ir,

Key:

{Ger

mesne min

'meaganjtala(r, 'msg-, 'myg-

M-

jmesn'tErik

|-ric

mesh me/ jmeshes 'me/iz |meshed me/t Meshach 'mi/aek Meshek 'mi/ek

'ms^si;

mere mir; Meredith 'meradiO Meres mirz; ES miaz;

meridian,

'msl-, 'msl-

'msl-, 'msl-

Merrick 'merik

'mst/-, 'mytj-

mercy,

ES

Merovingian ^mEra'vindsian, -dsan

merchandise

-3-,

'mylin;

-^men

-iz |-d -d

'myt/-;

M-

merman 'my^mjen; ES

'mssaCr, 'mys3(r

mercerize 'mysa^raiz;

merlin,

|

j

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

l-lian -lian

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet [sang

far |watch wat/,

wot/

sa?r)

|angr>' 'aeg-gn

(§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards jgo go

Messeigneurs Messeigneurs,

m- jmEsen'jyz; ES

-'jsz, -'jyz;

messenger 'mesndsa^;

ES

Metchnikoff 'mEtJnijkaf, -jkof, -jka!

'mesridsaCr

Messiah ma'saia |Messias ma'saias

M-

Metazoa jmeta'zoa Metcalf, -e 'mEtkaef; E+-kaf, -kaf

{Fr mese'jifKtr)

messianic,

metropolitan

277

jmesi'aenik

j-al

-1

|-s's

-siz

|-ally

-li,

mete mit meted

'mitid

Metellus mi'tElas

-'s -iz

metempsychosis jmEtamsai'kosis, majtEmp-

-ikh

m-

Messieurs,

'mesa^z;

ES 'm£S9z (Fr me'sjo)

si'kosis -ses -siz

ES

Messina ma'sina, m£-

meteor

messmate 'mesjmet

meteoric ^miti'arik, -'or-, -'nr-

ES 'mesaz messuage W8swid5 |-s -iz Messrs. 'mesa'z;

(JFr

me'sje)

-li,

^mitiara^ladsik,

-jora-; ES-i--'lnd3ik;

meteorologist |-s

'miti-a(r; |-ite -^ait -1

-pra-,

- lOra-,

|-al -1 |-ally -li.

metabolize ma'taebljaiz, me-

methane

|-s

ES -'ka:pl ES -'ka:pos;

ES

'mita(r; |-(e)d -d

'iriEOen |-nol

'mEGa^nol

methegiin ma'GEgbn

-d

-iz |-d

metacarpus ^meta'karpas;

methinks mi'eigks |methought mi'eat |-es

method 'inEGad methodic ma'eadik; ES-h-'God-;

-IZ 1-pi -pai

metacenter, -tre 'metajSEnta^;

ES

-jS8nt3(r

-ji,

|-al -1 l-ally

-ikh

metacentral jmeta'sEntral

|-tric -trik

Methodism 'niEGad^izam

metagalaxy ^niEta'gaelaksi

j-lactic -ga^laektik

methodology ^meGad'aladsi; ES + -'d1methought mi 'Gat

metal 'metl

-iz

|-s

Methow

|-ed -d

metallic ma'taelik

l-al -1 l-ally

-li",

-bds-, -'s'ds-;

-ikli

'mEtjjydsi,

ES

mE'taela^dsi ;

ES -Waa-;

|

-la ted -jletid

methylene 'msGa jin metier Fr me'tje metis, metisse

ES

metamorphosis jmEta'marfasis;

-'maa-;

Fr me'ti:s

metonymy ma'tanami; ES

-'ton-

metope 'mEta^pi

|-ses -jsiz

'mEtafa^;

ES WEtafa(r

metaphoric jmEta'farik, |-ally -li,

-'far-,

metric 'metrik -'for-

|-al

-1

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

^mEtasai'kosis,

-b, -ikh

ma-

|-trist -trist

metrology mi'traladsi;

ES + -'trDl-

metronome 'mEtrainom

metaphysician jmEtafa'ziJan metapsychosis

|-al -1 |-ally

metrician mE'triJan, metrics 'mEtriks

-ikh

metaphysic jinEta'fizik

less

sensibly

nu/taepsi'kosis

metronomic imEtra'nainik; ES-f-Wm- ;l-al -1 l-ally

-h, -ikh

metastasis ma'taestasis

[-ses -jsiz

metronymic jmitra'nimik

metatarsal jmeta'tarsl;

ES

metropolis md'traphs, -phs;

|-si

-zla

meticulous ma'tikjalas -fos;

-IZ |-d -d, -t

metaphor

Methuselah ma'Gjuzla, -'Gmz-, methyl 'mEGal, -il methylate 'mEGaJet

j-s

-d -d

metamorphose jmEta'm3rfoz, |-s

-'Gm-, -an; surname

'mEGjuin, -an

methylamene jmEGala'min

-jsdsi, -jydsi, -'taeladsi

metamorphic ^mEta'marfik; ES -'masfik metamorphize jmEta'morfaiz; ES -'moa-; -IZ

'mEt-hau, mEt'hau ('Metjhow 'Riv-

Methuen Mass mi'Gjum,

metalliferous jmetl'ifaras

ES

|-ist -ist

er)

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

metallurgic jinEd'ydsik;

metallurgy

-ikh

ES + - Vol-;

jmitia'raladsist;

meter, -tre 'mita^;

|-al -1

metabolism ma'taebljizam, me-

metage Witidg

l-ally

l-gy -d3i

-z |-tae -ti

metabolic jineta'balik; ES+-'bDl-;

metacarpal jinEta'karpl;

j-al

-ikh

meteorologic

mestizo mes'tizo

met niEt meta 'mita

'mitia^;

-'ta:sl; [-sus -sas

-sai

metathesis ma'taeOasis

ES + -'trDp -;

1-es

-iz

metropohtan ^metra'palatn; ES + -'pd1-

[-ses -jsiz

IfuU ful Itooth tuG Ifurther 'fytJa^;

ES

'fsSa Icustom 'kAstam |while hwail jhow

lusing 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz jdish di/ Ivision

hau

]toy tai

Visan Eden 4dn cradle 'kredj jkeep 'em 'kipm I

|

Metternich 'msta^nik; mettle

'iriEtl 1-d

ES

-d |-some

'metanik

microanalysis jmaikroa'naelasis

-sam

microbe 'maikrob

Mexlcali jineksi'kali,

Mexico 'm£ksijko Meyerbeer

microcephalic jmaikrosa'faelik |-lous -'sefalas

microchemistry jmaikro'kemistn

microcosm 'maikra,kazam; ES-f--,kDZmicrofarad jmaikro'faerad,

microgram 'maikrojgraem micrography mai'kragrafi, -'kmgmicrometer tool mai^kramata^; ES -'krama-

-kan

'mai-aCr;

'maia^^bir;

ES

j-s

ta(r,

-z

'mai-a bia(r; {Ger

-'krom-

micrometer 'millionth of a jmita^;

'maiar^beir)

ES

(//

Micronesia ^maikra'nisa, -fa \-n -n microorganism jmaikrobrganjzam;

'meddzo) 'mezo-.

'm£tsosa'pr«no,

j-ed

microscopic

mi mi

ES

-ba-

-d

|-d

microphysics jmaikro'fiziks

microscope 'maikra,skop

-id

mho mo

l-al -! I-ally

|-d -t

^maikra'skapik;

ES-h-'skop-;

-h, -ikb

ES

microscopy mai'kraskapi, ^maikrajskopi;

-'aemi

miaow, -ou mi'au, mjau miasma mai'sezma, mi-

'maikro-

gan-

microphone 'maikra^fon

'medzo-, -'prano

mezzotint 'metsa^tint, 'meza-, ^medza-

Miami mai'aema,

ineter'

-jmita(r

micrometry mai'kramatn; ES-h-'krnmmicron 'maikran; ES + -krDn; |-s -z |-cra -kra

Meynell 'men), Wenl Meyrick 'merik, 'memezzanine 'mezajnin, -nin mezzo 'm£tso, 'mezo, 'm£dzo mezzo-soprano

-'faeraed

microfilm 'maikra/film -ed -d

-'kaeli

|-can

ES

'maia^;

|-ses -jsiz

microbiology jmaikrobai'aladsi; ES-i--'d1-

Metuchen ma'tAtJin, -an Metz mets |-'s -iz Meung Fr moe Meuse mjuz, miuz |-'s -iz {Fr m0:z) mew mju, miu j-ed -d mewl mjul, miu! j-ed -d Mexia Tex ma'hia, /oc.+-'hea

Meyer

middling

278

Metternich

|-ed -d |-s

-i--'krDS-; |-pist -pist

-z |-mata

-mata

microtomy mai'kratami; ES + 'knotmicrovolt 'maikra^volt

-ml miasmatic 1-1

^maiaz'maetik

-1

j-al

-h.

I-ally

microwatt 'maikra^wat

-jWiot

micturate 'miktjajret |-rated -^retid

-ikh

miaul mi'aul, mjaul

micturition ^mikt/aViJan

|-ed -d

mid mid ]-most -jmost Midas Waidas |-'s -iz

mib mib mica 'maika |-caceous, -cacious mai'kejas Micah 'maika |Micaiah mai'kea

I'mid

mid

midbrain 'mid^bren

Micawber ma'kaba^; ES -'kabaCr mice mais mice's ^maisiz

midday 'mid^de, midden 'midn

-'de

Michael 'maikl

middle 'midj

-d |-ling 'mid jig, 'imdbg

Michaelmas 'imkjmas [-es -iz Michaud, -chault, -chaut mi'/o

middle-aged 'midl^edsd ('middle-jaged 'man)

|

Michelangelo

Middleboro 'midljbs'O, -a;

{B r milfo)

jmaikl'aendsajlo.

jinikl-

(//

jmiikel'andsejo)

Michelson 'maiklsn

Michigan 'mi/agan -da(r;

Brit

|-der

'mit/igan

jmi/a'g aenda^; is

current

not

ES in

America.

M-

See in full §§3-47.

E

E-i-

-jmart/

ES

'midla(r j-'s

-iz

Middleton 'midltan |-town -^taun middleweight 'midljwet

^mikl

microampere /maikro'aempir;

|bath baeO;

-jbsr-, -jbAr-,

Middlebury 'mid},b£ri, -ban middleman 'midl^maen |-men -,men Middlemarch 'midl^martj; ES -jnaitj,

Middlesex 'midl^seks

Micmac 'mikmaek

Key:

ES

-,b^-

middler 'imdla^;

Michiganite 'miXagaiijait mickle,

|-d

ES

-'aempiaCr

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

middling adj, adv, n 'midbg (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang sasg |angr>' 'aeg-gri

far |watch watj,

wotj (§12) |jaw dsa

Igorge gards |go go

Midgard

279

Midgard 'mid^gard; ES -iga:d, midge mids midges 'midsiz midget 'midsit Midi Fr mi'di Midian Vidian |-ite -^ait

E + -,ga:d

milady mi'ledi

M-

midland,

ES

not current in

Milan US 'mailan; Milano mi'lamo)

|

midiron 'midjaia^n, -jairn;

millennial

Milanese jmilan'Iz

Milburn 'milba^n; ES 'milban milch miltj

-^ai-on, -^aian

mild maild

'midland

-n |-ened -nd |-ening -dnig.

|-en

-dmg

Midlothian mid'lo'Sian

midmost Wd^most

mildew

midnight 'mid^nait

Mildred 'mildnd

midnoon 'mid'nun ('mid^noon

M-

midrash,

mid'rajim

'nudraej

\Heb pi -im

milepost 'mailjpost

Miles mailz |Miles's 'mailziz

midrib 'inidjrib ]-bed -d

Milesian ma'lisan, -/an milestone 'mail^ston

midriff 'midrif

midship

'nul^dju, -^diu, -^du |-ed -d

mile mail |-age -ids |-ages -idsiz

'heat)

-iz

|-es

-VaJoG

|-oth

'midjj"ip

|-man -man |-men -man

Miletus mai'litas

-iz

|-'s

midst midst, mitst

milfoil 'miljfail

midsummer, M- 'mid'sAma'; ES -'sAmaCr midway, M- n 'midjwe

miliary 'milij£ri, 'miljari

midway

'midVe ('midjway

adj

adv,

'midjway

Milford 'nulf^d;

'out,

Midwestern nud'westa^n; ES -tan;

ES

|-er

ES

Fr

mi'lje

militant 'milatant |-tancy -tansi

militarism 'milata;rizam -dr-;

'mid waif ^

|

|

-wife's

ES

militia ma'li/a

-'winta(r

-i)ia(r,

|-man -man |-men -man

-ixmn

|-y -i |-ily 'maitli, -ih

ES + -jSDp

mightest 'maitist

milksop 'milkjsap;

might-have-been n 'maitavjbin, 'maita^bin

milkweed 'milkjwid

mightn't 'maitnt, before some

cora5^.

+ 'maitn

(mightn't go 'maitn'go)

M- mil |-ed -d The n sound was lost from mill {OE myln ^gristmill') in the same way as from ell, kiln, Milne.

mill,

mignon 'minion' 'minjan mignon 'small' 'minjan, -jon (Fr mi'jio) Mignon Ala 'minjan; in Goethe Fr ml'jio

Millais mi'le

mignonette jimnjan'Et

Millay mi'le

ES

Millburn 'milba^n;

Millais mi'lez

'milad

ES 'milban ES 'milban

Millbury 'mil^beri, -ban

migrant 'maigrant |-d -id |-tion

migratory 'maigrajton,

|-lais's -'lez \pl

Millard 'nula^d;

Millbourne 'milba^n;

mi'jib'n)

migraine 'maigren, mi'gren

migrate 'maigret

-iz |-d -d

milkman retailer 'milk^masn |-men -^msn milkman producer 'milkman |-men -man.

|

mignonne 'minjan (Fr

|-s

|-tate -f.et |-tated -jtetid

milk milk |milked imlkt |-maid -^med

S+-iJea(r

mifE mif miffed mift

might mait

militarize 'milata,raiz

miUtary 'milajteri

-ri

ES

midyear 'midjir; mien min

-^waivz

-wives

midwinter 'mid'winta^;

-itari;

mai'gre/an

milldam 'mil,daem

S -iton

Milledgeville 'mihdsjVil; S+-vl

M- ma'kado M- maik

mikado,

millenarian

jimla'nErian,

millenary 'milaineri

mil Scand measure mil

millennial ma'knial

ful |tooth tu6 jfurther 'fytJa^;

-'ner-

|-anism

-;izam

mil mil

|full

|-rist -rist

militaristic jmilata'ristik |-ally -ji, -ikli

militarization jmilatara'ze/an, -tra-, -ai'z-

-a(r

-waifs |-ry -an,

mike,

'milfad

Milicent 'milasnt milieu

'air)

midweek 'mid'wik ('mid-week 'meeting) Midwest 'mid'west ('Mid/west 'custom)

midwife

America

Italy mi'lsen, 'milan {It

ES

'fstJa

|-ly -i |-ali=m

-jizam

|custom 'kAStam while hwail [how hau |toy |

tai

|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij |vision 'vijan |Eden 'idn |cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

—

—

millennium ma'kniam

|-s

Mina 'mama

-z |-nia -nia

minaret ^mina'tet, 'mina,r£t

millepede 'mib^pid

M-

miller,

ES

'mila';

Am

painter 'milit,

miHe {Fr mi'k,

Fr

sculp., painter

mince mins |minces 'minsiz

ES -pi3(r ES -jad, -ja:d

mind maind

|

minded 'maindid

Milligan 'milagan

mine n, v mam [mined maind Mineola jimrn'ob

milligram 'mila/graem

miner,

Millikan 'milakan

mineral,

milliliter, -tre 'milajita';

ES

millimicron jinila'maikran;

'inil3n3(r;

|-y

E

ES

-'e3(r,

mingle 'miggl

j-d -d ]-ling 'miijglii), -g]ii)

Mingo 'miggo miniature 'minitja', 'mima-;

millpond 'mil,pand, -jpnnd, -^pand

Minie

millrace 'miljres

minify 'minajfai

-iz

|-s

millstream 'miljStrim

minim 'minim minimal 'minimi

When

Miln, -e mil, nuln it

is

n sound

minimize 'mina^maiz

a spelling prommciation ; see

mmimum 'minamam minion, M- 'minjan

mill.

ES

Milner 'milna^;

Milnes milz, milnz

US name

minister

-iz

|-'s

V

minish 'mini/

'miln3(r

and places Wailo; 'Mclos'

ES

-'bad;

not current in

-z

I

same

|-es -iz |-ed -t

'minista^;

ES

-ta(r;

|-ed

-d

|-ing

'ministarig, 'ministng -i

ministrant 'mmistrant j-stry -stri

miniver,

Miltiades inil'tai3,diz

M-

'mmava^;

ES

|-'s

Minneapolis jmmi'aeplis,

-iz

Milton 'miltn |-tonian mil'tonian

Minnehaha jmmi'halia

Miltonic mil'tanik; ES + -HDn-; j-ally -ji Milwaukee mil'waki ('Miljwaukee 'Road)

minnesinger,

mime maim mimed maimd |

mimeograph,

M-

'mimi3jgraef;

E + -,graf,

M-

'minijSiga^;

-a

mimic 'mimik |-ked -t |-ally mimosa, M- mi'mosa, -za mina 'mama l-s -z l-nae -ni

Minola 'minab

|-'s

-iz

Minoan mi'noan minor,

M-

'maina^;

ES

'maina(r

Minorca ma'narka; ES -'naaka;

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

-jSiga(r

Iminny 'mini

minny-bass 'mmi^baes

See in full §§3~47.

ES

Minnie 'mini

mimeographic jmimia'graefik |-ally -li, -ikli mimetic mi'metik, mai- |-al -1 |-ally -ji, -ikli -li |-ry -ri

-^aeplis, -as |-'s -iz

Minnesota jmini'sota j-tan -tn Minnewit 'minjuit, 'mmawit=]Minuit

minnow 'mino,

-igraf; |-ed -t

E

'minava(r

mink migk

milt |-ed -id

|bath baeG;

-d

-ma -ma

ministration ^mma'stre/an

America milreis coin 'miljres \pl

Key:

1-d

5

|-s

ministerial jmmas'tirial |-]y

'milo

milord mi'brd;

M-

]-ly

is

the

-tJaCr; |-d -d

j-fied -jfaid

minikin 'mmikin

millwright 'mil^rait

ES

ball 'mmijbal {Fr mi'nje)

millstone 'mil^ston

milt,

ES + -'d1-;

l-gy -d3i

millipede 'milajpid

Milo

al

Minerva ma'ns'va; ES -'nsva, -'nyva Ming mig

-'ae3(r

heard,

mam

-h, -ikh

mineralogist ^mina^'aeladsist, -'al-;

-jneri,

-nan -'aer;

\pro

M- 'maina^; ES 'maina(r M- 'minaral, 'minral

-1 l-ally

million ^miljan |-th -8 j-ths -6s ^nuljan'er,

fal

|-ful

mineralogic jirunara'ladsik; ES-h-'lods-;

-JitaCr

ES -,mit3(r ES + -krDn

millimeter, -tre 'mibjinita^;

millionaire

j-meat

-t

1-fuUy -fall

Millicent 'mibsnt

Wlana^; ES

|-d

-jmit

milliampere ,inili'aempir;

milliner

l-ly

minatory 'minajtori, -jtan; S -^ton

mi'je)

milliard 'milja'd, -jard;

|-ed -id

minatorial jnuna 'tonal, -'tar-; S -'tor

'niib(r; |-ite -iait

millet 'grass' 'milit; relig. grotip + mi^l£t

Millet

Minorca

280

millenium

|-n

-n

(§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angn,' 'aeg-gri

far |watch watj",

wnt/ (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards

]go

go

Minorite Minorite,

misericord

281

m-

misappropriation /miS3jpropri'e/an

'maina^rait

misbecoming jinisbi'kAmio misbegotten ^misbi'gatiji; ES+-'gDtn

minority ms^norsti, mai-, -'nar-, -'nor-

Minos 'mamas, -nas; ES+-nDs; Minot 'mainst Minotaur 'mmajtar; ES -|t33(r

ES

minster 'nunsta^;

|-'s

-iz

misbehave ^misbi'hev

miscalculation jmiskaelkja'le/an

minuet ^minju'Et |-ed -id Minuit 'minjuit, 'min3wit=Minnewit

miscall mis'kal |-ed -d

miscarriage mis'kaerids

|-es -iz

tire'

\-r -9-;

|-s -iz;

in sense

'fail-

|-ied -d

miscegenation jmisidsa'nejan

minute

w, v

minute

'small' ma'njut, mai-, -'nnit, -^nut

|-d -id

miscellaneous jinisl'enias, -njas

minuteman 'minit^maen |-men -tmen

miscellany 'misl^eni

minutia mi'nju/ia, -'niu-, -'nu-

mischance mis't/aens; E-i--'t/ans, -'tjans;

|-tiae -/iji

minx migks minxes 'mioksiz Miocene 'maiajsin |-cenic jmaia'senik Miquelon jinika'lan, -'Ion {Fr mi'klo) Mirabeau 'mirajbo {Fr mira'bo) miracle 'mirakl, 'miri- |-d -d j-ling

mischief 'mistjif j-chievous -tjivas

miscolor mis'kAla^;

-kliij,

[-'s

-iz |-d

ES

ES

mai3(r;

|-d

misconstruction jmiskan'strAkJan

-d

ES 'miraCr; |-ed -d ES msO, myG; |-ful

misconstrue ^miskan'stru, -i

mirror 'mira^;

-fal j-fuUy

ES

'myza;

'msza,

{Pers

mis'kan-

-i

]-ant -ant

|-d -id [-tion |-d

-'e/an

-d

misdate mis'det |-dated -'detid misdeal mis'dil ]-dealt -'delt

misadventure ^misad Vent/a' misalliance jmisa'laians

|-s

;

ES

-t/aCr; [-d -d

misdeed mis 'did

misdemean ^misdi'min |-ed -d j-ant -ant misdemeanor jinisdi'mina^; ES -'mina(r

-iz

misanthrope 'misanjGrop, 'mizmisanthropic jmisan'drapik; ES+-^6rDp-; -1

miscreance 'miskrians j-cy

miscue mis'kju, -'kiu

'mirza)

-'striu,

ES+-'kDn-; \-d -d miscount mis'kaunt |-ed -id stru, -striu,

miscreate jmiskri'et

-fall

miry 'main Mirza 'myza;

-'kansta(r, -'kon- |-ed -d

misconstruct jmiskan'sttAkt j-ed -id

Miriam 'mirism, 'menam cf Syracuse mirk myk; ES msk, myk; |-some -sam \-y mirth myO;

-d

|-d

misconception jmiskan'ssp/an

misconster 'misconstrue' Shak. mis'kansta';

-iz

-d

Miranda ma'raenda mire mair;

-'kAla(r; |-ed -d

misconduct n mis'kandAkt; ES-i--'konmisconduct v ^miskan'dAkt |-ed -id

-klir,

\-s

ES

misconceive ^miskan'siv

miraculous ma'raekjobs

mirage ma'ras

[-al

-ally -li, -ikli I

misanthropism mis'aenGrajpizam misanthropy mis'aenGrapi

|-pist -pist

misdirect jmisda'rekt |-ed -id |-ction -kjan

misdo mis'du |-did -'did |-done -'dAn misdoubt mis'daut |-ed -id mise miz, maiz

misapplication jmisaepla'ke/an

misease mis'iz

misapply ^misa'plai

miser,

|-ied

-d

misapprehend jmisaepri'hend

M-

|-s

|-d

'maiza^;

-iz

-d

ES

'maiza(r;

]-ly -li

miserable 'mizrabl, -zara- j-bly -bli

[-ed -id

misapprehension jmisaepri'hen/an

Miserere jimza'tEn,

misappropriate adj jmisa'propriit

misericord, -e ^mizari'kard, mi'zErijkard;

misappropriate v jmisa'proprijet [full

|-s

-IZ l-d -t

|

Miraflores jmira'f lores

ES

+-\xnid5

miscarry mis'kari

minuscule mi'nAskjul, -kiul

'mimt

ES

miscalculate mis'kaelkjajet |-d -id

|-age -ids

minuend 'imnjujend

minus 'mamas

-ja^;

-a(r

|-sy -si

mint mint [minted 'mintid

-d |-vior

misbelieve iinisba'llv, -b|'iv |-d -d

'minstaCr

minstrel 'minstral |-ed -d

|-d

-ja(r

ES

ES

-aad

|-d -id

ful jtooth tuG [further 'fytJa^;

-'riri

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipip

misery

mistrust

282 misread mis'rid |-read -'red

misery 'mizri, 'mizsri misestimate mis'estajmet -mated -jmetitl

misreport

jmisri'port,

ES

-'port;

-'poat,

|

E + -'pD3t;

misestimation jinisEsta'meJan, nusjcstamisfeasance mis'fizns misfire mis'fair;

ES

misrepresent jirusrepn'zent |-ed -id

-iz

|-s

misrepresentation jmisreprizEn'te/an

-'fai3(r; |-d -d

misrule mis'rul, -'nul |-d -d ('rule or 'mis-

misfit nus'fit |-ted -id ('mis^fit 'suit)

misfortune mis'fDrtJan;

ES

-'fDatJ-; |-d -d

jrule)

M- mis

misgive mis'giv |-gave -'gev 1-given -'givan

miss,

misgiving mis'givii)

missal 'misl

ES

misgovern iius'gAva^n; misguide mis'gaid

|-d -id

mishandle mis'haendj

|-d

-'gAvan; |-ed -d |

-dance -ns

-d

|-ed -id

[-ling -dlig, -d|ig

|misses 'misiz jmissed mist

Missaukee mi'soki missay mis'se |-said -'sed misseem mis'sim j-ed -d

mishap 'mis^haep, mis'hfep Misliawaka jim/a'wDka

misshape mis'Jep, mi/'Jep

Mishnah, -na 'mi/na \Heh

mission 'mijan |-ed -d j-ary -fixi

pi -nayoth jim/na-

-an

Missisquoi mi'siskwai

'joe

ES

misinform jmisin'farm, jmisn-;

-'foam;

-d

l-ed

Mississippi

^misa'sipi,

jsippi 'River) [-an

misinformation jinismfa^'mefan;

ES -fa'meES -'tsp-,

misinterpret ^nusin'typrit, jmisn-;

misinterpretation

jixiisinjts'pri'tej'an, jinisn-;

missive 'misiv

Missoula mi'zula

misspeak mis'spik |-spoke -'spok j-spoken -'spokan

-jtsp-, -jtyp-

misjudge mis'dsAds

j-s

-iz |-d

misspell mis'spel |-ed -d or -spelt -'spelt

-d

mislabel inis'Iebj j-ed -d |-ing -blig, -blig

misspend mis'spend |-spent -'spent

mislay mis'le

misstate mis'stet j-d -id

|-laid -'led

mislead mis'lid

misstep mis'step |-ped

j-led -'led

mismanage mis'maenids |-s -iz |-d -d mismatch mis'maetj |-es -iz |-ed -t mismate mis 'met -mated -'metid misname mis'nem -named -'nemd misnomer mis'ttom*; ES -'nomaCr;

|

mistakable ma'stekabl |-bly -bli

mistake

ma'stek

'stekan

|

j-ed -d

-'nomarig, -'nomrig

misogamist im'sagamist;

ES + -'sDg-;

|-my

ES + -'sDd3-;

|-ny

-ni

the

in syllable division.

|-es -iz

|-taught

-'tat

mistell mis'tel |-told -'told

m-

ES

'mista';

'mista(r; |-ed -d

misthink mis'Oigk -thought

-iz |-d -t

ra3-

than

mistaught mis'tat

Mister, |-s

j-n

familiar

less

is

mistake c^ was (were) mistaken; hence

misteach mis'titj

misplace mis'ples

mis'tuk

[-took

—mistook

dijferejice

-mi misogynist mi'sadsanist;

-t

mist mist misted 'mistld

|

|-ing

('Missis-

jinisi'sipi

-an

Missouri ma'zuri, -'zura |-rian -nan

-'typ-; |-ed -id

ES

|-d -t ]-n

missile 'misl, -il

|

-'Gat

misplay mis'ple |-ed -d

mistime mis'taim

misprint n mis'print, 'misjpnnt

mistletoe 'misl,to

misprint v mis'print |-ed -id

mistook mis'tuk

misprision mis'prisan

mistral wind 'mistral, mis'tral {Fr mis'tral)

misprize inis'praiz

mispronounce

j-s

-pa'-

|-s

-iz

j-d-t

see

mistake

mistranslate jinistraens'let, -traenz-

|-d -id

mistreat mis'trit |-ed -id

mispronunciation

jimsprajiiAnsi'eJ'an,

-pa'-,

mistress 'mistris |-es -iz

|-'s

-iz

mistrial mis'traial

-Si-

misquotation jiniskwo'te/an

misquote mis'kwot

Key:

—

-d

Mistral poet, Fr mis'tral

-iz |-d -d

jinispra'nauns,

|-d

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeG;

E

mistrust inis'trAst |-ed -id; dial,

|-d -id

'expect,' 'thitik'

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

in

saise

mi'strAst

(§6) |rate ret ]yet jet |sang saeg |angr}' 'aeg-gri

far |watch watj, wotj" (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

misunderstand Those words below in which the a sound

misunderstand ^misAnda^'staend; I

Mohave

283

ES

is s

-Anda-;

-stood -'stud

'M o are often

is

misusage nus'jusids, -zid5

misword mis'ws'd; ES -'wsd, -'wyd;

|-ed -id

miswrite mis'rait |-wrote -'rot [-written -'ritn

-1

ES

mo'daelati

|-ly -i |-ity

model 'madj |-ed -d |-ing 'madliQ, 'madkij moderate n, adj 'madarit, 'madrit

'maitaCr; |-(e)d -d

-iz

moderate

|-tes' -tiz

v 'mada^ret |-d -id |-tor -&;

ES

-a(r

moderation jmada're/an

mitigable 'mitagabl |-d -id |-tion

^mita'gejan

mitosis mi'tosis |-toses -'tosiz mitrailleur

|-al

-jbsd, -jbyd

modal 'modi

mitigate 'mitajget

in-

mockingbird 'makiQibyd, 'mok-, 'mak-;

mode mod

Mithridates jiniGra'detiz

and not

arid C,

and S.

-ikh

-ally -Ii,

Mitchell 'mitjal

ES

N

S

—mak

I

mite mait

|-'s

E

and

-an

mock-heroic 'makhi'ro-ik, 'mnk-, 'mak-

misuse n mis'jus [-uses -'jusiz

Mithras 'miGraes

|-ed -t |-ery

widespread in the

frequent in the

misuse v mis'juz j-uses -'juziz j-used -'juzd

miter, -tre 'maita^;

E

pronotmced with d in

mock mak, mnk, mak

ES

jinitre'jy;

-'jy;

-'J3(r,

{Fr

mi'tra'joeir)

mitrailleuse jinitre'jsz

j-s

-iz {Fr mitra'joiz)

modern 'mada^n; ES 'madan, esp. attrib. 'madn modernism 'mada^njizam; ES 'madan-, -dnmodernity ma'dynati, mo-; ES -'dsn-, -'dynmodernization

^mada^na'zejan,

ES

-ai'z-;

jmadan-, -dn-

mitral 'maitrsl

modernize 'mada^n^aiz;

mitt nut -en 'mitn |-ened 'mitnd

ES 'madan-, -dn-;

|-s

I

mittimus 'mitamas

|-es -iz |-ed -t

-IZ |-d

mitzvah, mits- 'mitsva \Heh pi -voth -vo6 mix,

M-

iniks

|-es -iz |-ed -t j-edly -idli,

mixture 'imkstja"

ES

-tk

'mizn

-mast,

|-mast

|-d

ES

'madannis,

-jinaest;

E-i-

Modesto mo'desto modicum 'madikam

|-s

-z

modifiable 'mada^faiabl |-bly -bk

modification jmadafa'kejan

-d |-ling 'mizlii;, -zlig

mnemonic ni'manik

-'manikl

|-al

|-ally -li,

modify 'mada^fai

|-fied -^faid

modish 'modij*

-ikk

Mnemosyne

Moab

^mada'imis;

'madnnis |

-jHiast, -jHiast

mizzle 'mizl

modernness

modest 'madist modesty 'madasti

'mikstJaCr

Mizpah, -peh 'mizpa mizzen

-d

ni'masn^i, -'maz-, -'mn-

'moaeb

|-ite

modiste mo'dist {Fr ma'dist)

'moabjait

moan men moaned mond |

|-ful

-fal

|

-fully

Modjeska ma'dseska Modoc 'modak

Modred 'modrid

-fah

moat mot moated 'motid |

modulate 'madsajet

mob mab

|-bed -d

modulation jmadsa'lejan

mobble 'muffle' 'mabl |-d -d Moberly 'moba^li; ES 'mobali Mobile mo'bil ('Mo^bile 'Bay) mobile 'mobl, 'mobil,

[-d -id j-tor -a^;

module 'madsul, -dsiul modulus 'madsalas |-es

-bil |-bility mo'bilati

-iz

|-]i

-Jai

ES

-a(r

•

modus operandi 'modasjopa'raendai modus vivendi 'modasvi'vendai

mobilization jmobla'zejan, -ai'z-

Moeso-Gothic, Moesog- ^miso'gaGik, -'goOik

mobilize 'mobl^aiz

Moffat,

-iz |-d

|-s

moble

'muffle'

moble

'movable' 'mobl

'mabl

|-d

-d

-et, -tt 'malit, -at

Mogador

-d

^maga'dor,

E-i--'daa(r;

-'dar;

ES

-'doa(r,

Ohio 'Moga^dore

Mobridge 'mobrids |-'s Moby Dick 'mobi'dik

-iz

Mogul

moccasin 'mokasn, -zn

|-ed

mohair 'mother, -^kaer; E -jk£a(r, ES -jhaea(r Mohammed mo'baemid |-an -'haemadan Mohave, -jave mo'havi {Am Sp mo'ha^e)

-d

Mocha 'moka |full

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fytJa^;

ES

'mogAl, mo'gAl ('Great Mo'gul)

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[toy tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

— Mohawk

Mongolia

284

Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

o are often pronounced with d in

Mohawk 'mohok

molybdic ms'libdik

Mohican mo'hikan

Molyneux 'mAhinuks,

Mohock 'mohak, -hak Mohonk mo'hagk, -'hogk moidore 'maidor, -dar; ES moiety

-do3(r,

-inju, -jmu,

momentaneous jmoman'tenias

Moira 'maira moire mwar, mwar, mor, mar; ES mwa:(r,

momentarily

|

'moman^terali,

esp.

emph.

if

jmoman'terali

-tamz |-ed -d |-ing 'moisnig,

|-ta -ta

Mommsen 'mamsn, Momus 'momas |-'s

-smg

'moistJaCr

-zn {Ger 'mamzan) -iz

Monaca 'manaka

Mojave mo'havi (Am Sp mo'ha^e)

ES

|-x's

momentous mo'mentas j-tum -tam |-tums

mwa3(r, mo3(r, E+mD3(r moist maist

ES

-jm

Mombasa mam'bassa, -'basa Momence mo 'mens |-'s -iz moment 'momant |-mentary -man^ten

E+-d33(r

'niDiati, 'majati

moisture 'maistja^;

and S

-jnuksiz, -jiijuz, -jmuz, -jnuz

moil mail moiled maild

moisten 'maisn

E

|-dite -dait

molasses ma'laesiz

monachal 'manakl |-chism -^kizam monacid man'aesid

mold mold |-ed -id |-y -i Moldavia mal'devia, -vja |-n -n moldboard 'mold^bord, 'mol-, -jbard, 'mAl-; ES -jboad, E + '^baad

Monaco 'manajko monad 'manaed, 'monaed Monadnoc poem ma'naednak \mt. -nock -nak Monaghan 'managan, 'manahan, -xan

molar 'mola';

molder 'molda^;

'molaCr

ES

dial.

'mold3(r; j-ed -d |-ing

Woldrig, 'moldarig

ES

monarch 'mana^k; ES 'manak; |-ed -t monarchal ma'narki; ES -'na:kl, E+-'na:kl;

-'kk33l3(r

molecule 'mala^kjul, -^kiul

|-ly -I |-chial -kial

monarchic

molest ma'lest |-ed -id

ES

-£3(r; {Fr mb*-

E+

-'na:k-,

-jkizam

|-chist -kist

monastery 'manas^teri |-rial ^mana'stirial monastic ma'naestik |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

'lje:r)

monasticism ma'naestajSizam

|-y -i

molhfication ^malafa^kejan mollify 'mabjfai

ES

-1 |-ally -li, -ikli

monarchy 'mana^ki; ES 'manaki; |-chism

molestation jmolas'te/an, ^mal-

Moline mo'lin Moll mal, mol, mal

ma'narkik;

-'na:k-; |-al

-I'jer;

[-dry

-dri

molehill 'moljhil |moleskin -^skin

jraoli'er,

'mana-

monandric ma'naendrik |-drous -dras

|

Moliere

Lisa 'mona'liza, 'mana- {It

'll:za)

moldwarp 'moldjwarp; ES -jwaap mole mol moled mold Mole 'mole molecular maHekjala';

Mona

|-fied -^faid

mollusk, -sc 'malask |-ed

mollycoddle 'malijkadl

-t [-scan

j-d

ma'lAskan

-d |-ling -jkadlig,

Monboddo man'bado Monckton 'mAgktan Monday 'mAiidi spelt Mundy

in 1647, cf

Friday

Monel, m- mo'nel

-jkadlig

Moloch 'molak

Monet mo'ne

Moloney, -ny ms'loni molt molt Imolted 'moltid;

monetary 'mAna^teri, 'manamonetize 'mAna^taiz, 'mana- |-s -iz |-d -d money 'mAni |-s, -nies -z j-ed, -nied -d

\NEngd+mi\i

{§46)

molten 'moltn

Moltke 'moltka {Ger 'moltka) Molucca ma'lAka |-n -n |-s -z moly 'moll molybdenum ma'libdanam, jmalib'dinam

Key: See

in full §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

E

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

{Fr ma'ne)

moneybag 'mAnijbaeg monger 'mAgga^; ES 'mAgga(r;

|-ing

-grig,

-gang

Mongol 'maggal,

-gal, -gol

Mongolia mag'golia, man-,

-Ija |-n

-n

(§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saeg |angr)^ '«g'grr

far |watch watj", wntj" (§12) |ja\v dja Igorge gards |go go

mongoose Those words below in which the a sound

mongoose,

'maggus,

-goos

is spelt

'man-

'mAg-,

-gril

|

ES

'manikaCr

monish 'manij |-es -iz |-ed -t monism 'manizam, 'men- |-ist monistic mo'mstik |-al -1 j-ally

-Gagjgaiz, -Gog-

-ist -li,

'manataCr; |-ed -d |-ing

mAgk

-jtori;

|-craft

S

|-ist -ist

monopolization ma^napla^ze/an,

-ai'z-

-iz |-d -d

|-s

E+-ikraft,

monorail 'manajtel

monorailroad 'manajrelrod |-railway -jrelwe

monlcey 'mAgki

monosyllabic ^manasi'laebik

|-ed -d |-shine -jjain

Monkwearmouth 'mAgkVirmaG; ES -^wiamsO Monmouth 'mamnsG |-shire -y/ir, -JV; ES

monosyllabism jmana'sila^bizam monosyllable 'mana^silabl

ES

|-al

monotone 'manajton monotonous ma'natnas [-tony monotype 'mana^taip -'karpas,

monochord 'mana^kard; ES -jkaad monochrome 'mana^krom monocle 'manakl |-d -d |-ly -i

Monroe manVo

|-rovia -'rovia

Monsieur, m- ma'sjy;

Monsignor,

|-nous -nas

ES

-'J3(r, -'jy;

m-

ES

{Fr ma'sje)

-'sJ3(r;

man'sinja^;

ES

-ja(r;

(//

monsiji'jio:re)

Monson 'mAnsn

monoclinic jmana'klinik

monocotyledon jmanajkatl'idn

|-ous -'idnas,

monsoon man'sun

|-al -1

monster 'mansta",

ES

'mansta(r; j-ed -d

monstrance 'manstrans

-'ednas

monocracy mo'nakrasi monody 'manadi monogamist ma'nagamist |-mous -mas |-my -mi

monogram 'manajgraem ]-med

-d

monograph 'manaigraef; E+-jgraf,

-]graf;

monstrous 'manstras

monolith 'manljiG

|-ths -Gs |-ic

monologue,

'manlpg,

-^ng

-iz

man'strasati

-jgiu

Montana man'tasna |-n -n Montano man'taeno Montauk man'tak ('Mon^tauk

'Point)

mant'blaegk, mnnt- {Fr mo'bla)

Montcalm mant'kam

^manl'iGik

-^ag,

|-s

|-strosity

Montagu, -e 'manta^gju, Montaigne man 'ten

Mont Blanc

l-ed -t

|-d,

-ged -d

monomania jmana'menia,

-h,

{Fr mos£'jioe:r)

monocline 'mana,klain

-log

|-ally

-tni

Monseigneur, m- jmansen'js^;

E+-'ka:p-

monoclinal jmana'klainl

-1

-ikb

Monocacy ma'nakasi jmana'karpas;

|-ist -jGiist

monotheistic ^manaGi'istik

monobasic /mana'besik

monocarpous

j-al -1 |-ally -li,

-ikb

monotheism 'manaGi^izam

-S^ir

Lisa 'mona'liza {It 'mana'lhza)

monniker 'mamka^; ES 'mamk3(r monoacid jmano'sesid

|full

-d

monopoly ma'napli, -'naph

-jtori

-jkraeft;

-^kraft

- Ji3(r,

-iz j-d

monopolize ma'napljaiz

-tang, -trig

Monna

|-s

monoplane 'manajplen monopolism ma'napjjizam

-ikk

monition mo'm/an

monitory 'mana^tori,

|-ist -ist

Monongahela ma^nagga'hila, -jnanMonongalia ;monan'gelia monophthong 'manaf^Gag, 'mana^G-, -jOog monophthongal ^manafGaggj, -a'O-, -ng-, -g) monophthongize 'manafOagjaiz, 'jnanaG-,

monied 'mAmd monies 'mAmz moniker, -icker 'manika^;

ES

and S

Monona ma'nona

'mongst mAgst, mAgkst Monhegan man'higan Monica, m- 'mamka

monitor 'manata^;

E

o are often pronounced with n in

monometallic jmanama'taelik

monometallism jmana'metljizam monomial mo'nomial

|-(e)s -iz

mongrel 'mAggral, 'mag-, 'man-,

monk

Montebello

285

Montclair mant'kler,

-'klaer;

E

-'kkaCr,

ES

-'klaea(r

-nja

|-iac -ijaek

ful |tooth tuG [further 'fySa^;

ES

'fstJa

Montebello jmanta'bElo |custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy

|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij" |vision 'vijan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl |keep

tai

'em 'kipm

Monte Carlo Those words below in which the a sound

Monte Carlo

jmanti'karlo;

ES

-'ka:-,

is

E

less

and S

Moore mor, mar, mur; ES mo3(r, mu3(r, E-t-mD3(r

Moorehead

Cristo, Montecristo jmanti'kristo

Montenegro jmanta'nigro j-grin -'nlgrin Monterey, -rrey jmanta're {Am Sp jmonte-

'mur^hed,

Montesquieu jmanta'skju, -'skiu {Fr mot£s-

'mor-,

ES

'mor-;

'mua-, 'mo3-, E-t-'maa-

Moorgate 'mur^get, 'mor-, 'mar-; ES 'mua-, 'moa-, E-i-'maa-;

Vrei)

loc. -git

Moorhead 'mor^hEd,

ES

'mar-, 'mur-;

'moa-,

'mua-, E-h'maa-

'kj0)

Montessori /manta'sori,

-'s3ri;

S -'son

{It

jmontes'so:ri)

Moorish 'munj moose mus moose's 'musiz Moosehead 'mus,h£d |

US

Montevideo

jmanta'vidijo;

Uru + ,man-

tavi'deo {Am Sp jmonte^i'tieo) Montezuma jmanta'zuma

Montferrat ^mantfoVaet

Moosilauke 'musjpk, jmusl'aki

moot mut [mooted 'mutid

{It jinonfer'rarto,

Fr

mofe'ra)

mop map |-ped -t mope mop moped mopt |

Montgomery mant'gAmri, -'gAmari -iJir,

pronounced with d z«

spelt o are often

E+

-'ka:-

Monte

more or

286

ES

-JV;

|-shire

Mopsa 'mapsa

-Ji3(r, -J3(r

month mAn6 months

niAnOs,

|

moppet 'mapit moraine mo'ren

mAnts

|-nal -1 j-nic -ik

Monticello jmanta'selo, -a {It jmonti'tjEllo)

moral 'maral, 'mar-, 'mor-

Montmorency US, Can, France ^mantma-

morale ma'rael, mo-, ma-,

morahty

'rensi {Fr moniDra'si)

Montour man'tur; ES

ES

{Fr ma'ral)

ma-, mo-, ma-, mo-

moralize 'maral^aiz, 'mar-, 'mor-

-'tu3(r

Montpelier mant'pilja^;

ma'raelati,

|-ly -i |-ist -ist

-'rol

|-s

-iz j-d -d

moralless 'marallis, 'mar-, 'mor-

-'pilJ3(r

Montpellier France mant^pelije {Fr mopa'lje,

Moran

mo'raen, ma-, ma-, 'moran, 'mar-; S

mo-, ma-, 'mor-

-PE-)

Montreal jinantnbl, jinAntMontrose mant'roz |-'s -iz Mont-Saint-Michel Fr mostemi'/El

morass mo'raes, ma-, ma-; S mo-, ma-;

|-es -iz

moratorium

^mnr-,

Montserrat ^mantsa'raet {Sp jinantseVrat)

Moravia mo'revia, ma-

monument n 'manjamant monument v 'manjajment j-mented -jmentid

Moray

monumental jinanja'mentl j-ly -i moo mu mooed mud mooch mutj mooches 'mutjiz

'man moray 'more, mo're,

-'tar-;

1

|

|

mooched

mut/t

M- mun mooned mund |

mooncaK 'mun^k^f;

E

-jkaf,

|-beam -jbim -jkaf,

-jkaef;

-Ives -vz

moonrise 'mun^raiz

Am Jem.

-iz

moonset 'mun^set moonshine 'mun^Xain |-shined -jjaind moonstone 'mun^ston moon-struck 'mun^strAk moor, M- mur; ES mu3(r; |-ed -d |-age -ids See in full §§3~47.

E

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far

;

name

ES

'msri,

often

'mori,

'ma-, ma-; S 'mo-, momorbid 'marbid; ES 'maabid

ES ma'bidati ES maaES 'maadnsi;

|-dant

-dnt

Mordecai ^mardi'keai, 'mardijkai; ES -aadimordent 'mardnt; ES 'maadnt morel,

|-ed -id or -lit -jlit |-s

-n

'mAre)

more,

|

moonlight 'munjait

Ibath baeG;

'mAri, 'myi;

j-n

{Sc

M- mor, mar; ES moa(r, E-i-maa(r M- ma'rEl, ma-, ma-, moMoreland 'morland, 'mar-; ES 'moa-, E-i-

mooneye 'mun^ai moon-eyed 'mun^aid

Key:

'ms'i

mordancy 'mardnsi;

moolly, mooly 'muli, 'muli

I

Scotl

mordacious mar'dejas;

]

jmar-,

S -'toriam

morbidity mar'bidati;

mood mud moody, M- 'mudi moon,

^mara'toriam,

'piti

'maa-

Moreno ma'rino more or

less 'mora^'lES,

.'mora'ks,

E + 'mara

'mora'ks, 'mar-;

In

the

ES

2d pron.

a^

becomes a by dissimilation {§121). (§6) |rate ret |yet JEt jsang sasg langr\'

far |watch wat/,

wot/

'ag-gn

(§12) |ja\v dsa |gorge gards |go go

motorcycle

287

moreover

ES

mar-;

moreover mor'ov», E+ mar-

mor'ov3(r,

ES ^maataES 'maata-; |-fied -^faid Mortimer 'martama^; ES 'maatama(r mortise 'martis; ES 'maa-; |-s -iz |-d -t mortmain 'martmen; ES 'maat-; |-ed -d Morton 'mortn, 'martn; ES 'moatn, E + mortification jmartafa'ke/an;

mortify 'marta,fai;

mores 'moriz, 'mar-; S 'mor-

Morgan 'margan; ES 'maagan

ES

morganatic jmarga'naetik;

^maag-;

|-al -1

-ally -li, -ikli I

Morgan ton 'margantan; ES 'maag-;

|-town

'maatn

mortuary 'mart/u^eri; ES 'maat/u-

-jtaun

Morgenthau 'margan^ea; ES 'maag-; (Ger morgue marg; ES maag Moriah maVaia, moMoriarty

Mosaic, m- mo'ze-ik

Moschus 'maskas, 'mns-;

Moscow Id 'masko,

ES

jmari'arti, ^mar-, ^mnr-;

-'a:ti

Moselle mo'zel

moribundity jmara'bAndati, jmar-, ^mor-

Moses 'moziz,

m- ma'risko

-az, -as, -is

— 'mozaz &° 'mozas

are less freq. in the S.

Morison 'marasn, 'mar-, 'mor-

Moslem 'mazlam,

Morland 'marland; ES 'maaland Morley 'marli; ES 'maali Mormon 'marman; ES 'maaman; |-ism -jizam morn marn; ES maan; |-ing -ig Morocco, m- ma'rako; ES-F-'mko; |-can -kan moron 'moran, 'mar-; S 'mor-, ES + -Dn moronic mo'ramk, ma-; S mo-, ES-h-'ron-

mosque mask, mosk, mask

morose mo'ros, mamorpheme 'marfim; ES 'maa-;

Morpheus

'marfias, -fjus;

ES

'maaf-;

|-'s

m-

'maris, 'mar-, 'mor-

|-'s

-iz

M- mas, mos

moth mae, moG

ES

'mASarinjla,

'mA'Sa'jlaend;

moths maSz, mnSz,

ES

-iz

'maata(r; |-ed -d

ES

'mart'darOa^

'maat'da:ea(r; {Fr martdar'tyrr)

mortgagor, -er 'margidsa^; (jmortga'gee

&

mortice 'martis;

ES

-iz |-d -d

'maagid3a(r;

jmortga'gor -'dsar)

ES

mot

juste

motley,

mortgage 'margids; ES 'maa-; |-s mortgagee ^margi'dsi; ES ^maa-

|full

'maata-

E+-jbaad

Morte d'Arthur, Mort Darthur

ES

ES

-6s

'ma6i, 'moGi

motion 'mojan |-ed -d motivate 'motajvet |-d -id motive 'motiv |-d -d

|-ly -i

ES ma-

mortarboard 'marta^^bord, -jbard; jboad,

ES 'mA^a-

motile 'motl, 'motil

'maatj;

ES

ES

motif mo'tif

'maasi; |-ed -d

mortality mar'taelati;

mortar 'mart*;

'mASa^n^la;

'mAcJazinjla, 'mAtiazn^la

mort mart; ES maat mortal 'mart!;

-d |-ing

mothers-in-law 'mA'Sa' zinnia, 'mAtJa^zn^la;

mothy

ES

|-ed

'mAtiarin'la, 'mA'San^la

Morse mars; ES maas; morsel 'marsl;

'mASa(r;

'mAtJrig, 'mASariij

Morristown 'maris^taun, 'mar-, 'mormorrow, M- 'maro, 'mar-, 'mor-, -a |-'s

j-back -^baek

|-ths -Sz, -Os |-th's -Os

'mA'Sa';

motherland

-iz

Morrison 'marasn, 'mar-, 'mor-

|-es -iz j-ed -t

most most; NEngd+niost (§46) mot Fr mo mote arch, v mot \past moste most, mod. must mote n mot |moted 'motid motet mo'tet

mother-in-law -'fol-

ES + 'mn-

'mas-;

mosquito ma'skito, -a moss,

mother

morphine 'marfln; ES 'maaf in morphology mar'falad3i; ES ma'fal-, Morris,

mar-

|-mic

ES maa-

'fimik;

-iz

|-'s

'mos-; Russia -kau, -ko

Moseley 'mozli

moribund 'mara,bAnd, 'mar-, 'mor-, -band Morisco,

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

Mosby 'mozbi

'marganjtau)

'maa-;

|-s

ES

'fstJa

jmota've/an

Fr mo'syst

M-

'math; ES-i- 'mot-

'mota^;

ES

'mota(r; |-ed -d |-y

-i

motorboat 'mota'jbot; ES 'motamotorbus 'mota'jbAs; ES 'mota-; l-(s)es motorcar 'mota^jkar; ES 'mota^kaUr,

-iz E-t-

-jka:(r

motorcycle 'mota'jsaikj;

-iz |-d -t

ful Itooth tuG [further 'fySa^;

motor

]-tion

ES

'mota-;

|-d

-d

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

|-ling

-jsaikhg, -jsaiklig

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

'em 'kipm

motorman

Muir

288

motorman 'mota'man; ES 'motaman; 1-men -man Motteux ma'tju, mo-, -'tiu, -'tu {Fr mo'to) mottle 'matl; ES + 'motl; |-d -d |-ling -tlig.

mouthful 'mauGjful

|-fuls -^fulz

mouthpiece 'mauO^pis

-iz

[-s

movability, movea- ^muva'bilati

movable, movea- 'muvabl

|-bly -bli

move muv [moved muvd [movie 'muvi

-tho -a; ES + 'mot-; |-ed -d mouch 'mutj |mouches 'mutjiz Imouched

motto 'mate, mutjt

moue Fr mu Moukden muk'd£n, 'mukdan mould mold |-ed -id |-y -i mouldboard 'moldjbord, 'mol-, 'mAl-; ES -jboad, E+-jb33d

ES

moulder 'molda^;

-ibard, dial.

mow 'haymow' mau [mowed maud mow 'reap' mo [mowed mod [mowed mod w mown mon mow 'grimace' mau, mo |-ed -d Mowbray 'mobn mower 'mowing machiiie' 'moa^; ES Mower 'maua^; ES 'mau'a(r

'm0'a(r

Mowgli 'ma ugh

'mold3(r; |-ed -d |-mg

mown mon Mozambique ^mozam'bik

'moldrio, 'moldarig

mouldwarp 'mold^warp; ES -jwoap Moulmein maul'men, mal-, mol-

Mozart 'mozart; ES -za:t; (Ger 'mo:tsart) Mr. 'mista^; ES 'mista(r

moult molt Imoulted 'moltid; \NEngd+Ta6\t

Mrs. 'misiz,

Moulton 'moltn Moultrie

US

|

ES

ES

-'d£za^t;

('Mount ^Desert

'Island)

muck mAk [mucked mAkt muckle 'mAkl muckrake 'mAk^rek [-raked 'mjukas,

mouse n maus |-'s -iz |mice mais |mice's -iz mouse V mauz [mouses 'mauziz [moused

mauzd 'mausjhol

mu

[Mousehole

Cornw

'mauzl

-^rekt

[mucus

'miu-

'mjukas.

'miu-

mud mAd [mudded 'mAdid [-dy -i [-died -id muddle 'mAdl [-d -d -ling 'mAdlig, -dlig muddleheaded 'mAdl'hedid ('muddle-headed 'Joe)

mudguard 'mAd^gard; ES

l-ed -d

-,ga:d, E-f--jga:d

mudsill 'mAdjSil

muezzin mju'ezin, miumuff mAf [muffed mAft muffin 'mAfin muffle 'mAfl -d -d [-ling 'mAflig, 'mAflig

mouser 'mauza^; ES 'mauza(r;

|-y

'mausari.

muffler 'mAfla^;

ES

'mAfla(r

mufti 'mAfti

-sri

mousse mus [mousses 'musiz moustache 'mAstaeJ, ma'staej

mug mAg [-s

mugged mAgd

'mautJi,

E baO

|-wump

bee bi [pity

-jbsg.

-ibyg

Muir mjur, miur See in full §§3-47.

-i

Muhammad mu'haemad |-an -an Muhlenberg 'mjulan^byg, 'mm-; ES

-Gi

[bath baeO;

j-gy

-jWAmp

-iz |-d -t

mousy 'mausi, 'mauzi mouth n mau9 |-th's -6s [-ths -Sz mouth V mautS [mouthed mautid j-y

Key:

mju, miu, mu; Chin meas.

mucid 'mjusid, 'nuusid

ES

mountebank 'mauntajbaegk Mountjoy 'mauntdsai mourn morn, marn; ES moan, E+maan;

mousehole

('misis

voiced

much mAtJ

mucous

-tin-, -tan-

jmauntdi'zyt,

-'z3t, -'zyt, -zat;

letter

before

'braun).

mucilaginous jmjusl'aedsanas, ^miusl-

S + -'£a(r

mountainside 'mauntn^said,

Mount Desert

'misiz

S 'miziz, miz:

'misis before voiceless

mucilage 'mjuslids, 'mm-, -sbds

-'si3(r

mount, M- maunt [mounted 'mauntid mountain Wauntn, -tin, -tan |-ous -as mountaineer ^mauntri'ir, -tin-, -tan-; -'ia(r,

'praet,

mu Gk

'mutri, 'multri (formerly spelt Moutrie)

maun'sir;

and 'misiz

sounds,

places 'moltn. Fort 6" general

mound, M- maund mounded 'maundid Mounseer 'Monsieur' arch, b' humorous

-az, 'misis, -as;

—Some speakers say

(§46)

'piti (§6)

[-head -jhed

[rate ret [yet jet [sang

(§10) |ah a [far far [watch wafj,

wotj

s«g [angry

'jeg-gri

(§12) |jaw dga [gorge gards [go go

Mukden

Mut

289

Mukden muk'dEn, 'mukdan

multitudinous jinAlta'tjudnaS, -'tiud-, -'tud-

mulatto md^seto, mju-, miu-, -a

multivalence ^mAka'velans, mAl'tiva- |-cy

M-

mulberry,

-ban

'mAl^beri,

Mulcaster 'mAlkaesta^ ;

ES

mulch mAltf |mulches

Multnomah mAlt'noma

-kaestaCr

|mulched

'mAltJiz

HlAlt/t

mulct mAlkt [mulcted 'mAlktid

mule mjul, nuul muleteer

j-lish -if

ES

jinjula'tir;

-i

-lent -lant I

S+-'tE3(r

-'ti9(r,

muley 'mjub, 'iniu-, Wuli, 'mub mull mAl mulled mAld mullah, M-, -la 'mAb, Wula

mumm mAm |mummed lUAmd mumble 'mAmbl |-d -d |-ling 'mAmbbg, Mumbo Jumbo 'mAmbo'dsAmbo mummer 'mAma^; ES 'mAmad; |-y -i mummify 'mAmijfai |-iied -jfaid mummy 'mAini mummied 'mAmid mum,

-blio

[

mumps mAmps

I

munch

Mullens, -ins 'mAbnz, -anz

Muller 'mAla^; Miiller,

Max

mAntJ" [munches ^mAntJiz [munched

mAnt/t

mullein, -len 'mAbn, -an -iz

|-'s

ES 'mAb(r ES

'maeks'mila';

-'nul3(r; {Ger

Munchausen mAn'tJazn ('Mun^chausen Muncie 'mAnsi jMuncy 'mAnsi mundane 'mAnden

Munday 'mAndi Munhall 'mAnhal

'maks 'mylar) mullet 'mAbt

mulley 'mub, 'muli mulligatawny jmAbga'toni

Munich

mulligrubs 'mAb^grAbz

municipal mju'nisapl, miu-

mullion 'mAljan |-ed -d

municipality

Mulock 'mjubk,

'miu-, -lak;

multifarious jmulta'ferias,

ES+'lok

ES

munition mju'DiJan, miu-

-jfaam

'mAlt3;graef; E+-igraf, -jgraf

Munro,

-roe

-W; E

jinAltajiniljan'er,

ES

-zi

ES

'minsta^;

'minsta(r;

mural 'mjural, 'micral

Murat

multiple 'mAltapl j-plex -/pkks

multiplication jmAltapIa'ke/an, ^mAltapais lost

—

by l-dissimila-

tion (§121).

multiplicity jmAka'pbsati

multipHer

'niAltajplaia^;

ES

|-ly -i

Fr general my'ra (Fr my'ra) mju'raet, miu-,

[-ing

|-ed -d

-dang, -drig

murderer 'mydar»;

ES

'msdarafr, 'mydara(r

murderous 'ms^daras, -dras; ES 'msd-, 'mydmurex, M- 'mjureks, 'miu- [-es -iz [-rices -rajsiz

multiply adv 'mAltapb, -pb

muriate 'mjurijct, 'miu-,

-it |-d -^etid

muriatic jmjuri'aetik, ^miu- ('murijatic 'acid)

-'polaCr

multitude 'mAlta^tjud, -jtiud-, -jtud ful jtooth tu6 [further 'fs^Sa^;

ES 'mafnz-

ibsr-, 'myf-, -jbAr-, -jby-

|

ES

name

Murfreesboro 'myfriz^byo, -a;

-jplai-3(r

multiply V 'mAkaiplai -plied -jplaid

multipolar jmAha'pola';

'minsta^bsg,

murder 'myda^; ES 'msdaCr, 'myda(r;

multiplicate 'mAltapli^ket

1

Am

mju'raet, miu-,

multiplicand jinAltapb'kaend

2d

ES

'minstajbyg; (Ger 'mynstar jberk)

multiphase 'niAltajfez

the

(Ger

'mynstar)

multiped 'mAltajped |-pede -jpid

[full

[-ed -d

Miinsterberg 'minsta^jbyg;

-b-3(r

2d pron.

|-nt

-i

Munster 'mAnsta^; ES ^mAnsta(r Miinster

-'ae3(r

multiparous niArtiparas

the

mju-

man'ro

Munsey 'mAnsi, Munson 'mAnsn

|-ly -i

multinuclear jinAlti'njukba^, -'niu-, -'nu-;

In

-pb

^miu-,

muniment 'mjunamant, 'miu-

multilateral jmAUi'laetaral

ES

[-ly -pli,

jmjuiusa'paelati,

-snt

multiHngual jmAlti'bggwal

-'£3(r,

Miinchen

(Ger

munificence mju'nifasns, miu- [-cy

-'stljalaCr

-'faer-, -'fer-

ES

multiform 'mAltajfarm;

multimillionaire

^miu-

jmsa-, miu-

multifold 'mAlta^foId

M-

'mjunik,

'mynxan)

multicellular jmAlti'sEljala^;

multigraph,

'tales)

ES

Muriel 'mjurial, 'miu'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

— myope

290

Murillo Murillo mjuVilo, miu- (Sp mu'ri^o)

Musset ma'se {Fr my'se)

murk myk; ES mak, myk; |-some -sam \-y -i murmur 'ms'ma'; ES 'msmaCr, 'mym3(r; |-ed

Mussolini jmusl'mi, ^mus-

-d 1-ing -mrii), -marig

Murphy

'm^fi;

ES Wsfi,

'myfi

Murphysboro 'myfiz^byo,

ES

-a;

^mafiz-

jbsr-, 'myf-, -ibAr-, -jby-

ES

murrain 'myin;

'marin,

WAnn, 'myrm;

(It jmusso'li:m)

Mussulman 'lUAslman \-s -z or -men -man must stressed 'mAst, ^mAst; unstr. mast, befare conss. +m3s (iwi mas 'go) mustache 'mAstaJ, ma'staef mustachio ma'staXo |-ed -d

j-s

-iz |-d -t

Mustafa Kemal, -pha 'mAstafaka'mol,

Murray 'myi; ES 'msri, 'mAri, 'myi murrey 'myi; ES 'man, 'mAri, 'myi murther 'raySa^; ES 'matJaCr, 'mySaCr;

mustang 'mAstaeg mustard 'mAsta^d; ES 'mAstad j-ed -d

ES

'mAsta(r; |-ed -d [-ing

mustn't 'mAsnt, before soine cow^^. + 'mAsn

muscadine 'mAskadin, -jdain

muscat 'mAskat,

muster 'mAsta^;

'mAstarig, 'musing

1-ing -tJariij, -Srio

('mAsn 'du

-kaet

it)

muscatel jmAsk3't£l ('muscajtel 'wine)

mutability jmjuta'bilati, jiniuta-

Muscatine jinAska'tin

mu table

muscle,

M-

'mAsl

-d

|-d

1-ling

Muscoda jHiAska'de Muscogee mAs'kogi Muscovy 'mAskavi |-vite muscular 'mAskjala^;

ES

'mAslig, -slig

-jvait

'mAskjala(r

ES

musculature 'mAskjalatJa^;

M-

mjuz, miuz

museum mju'ziam,

|-s

'miu-

-run

less freq.

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

-ikh

musicale jmjuzi'kael, ^miu- {Fr myzi'kal)

musician mju'zi/an, miumusicologist

ES +

^miu-;

musket 'mAskit

'mAska^Ands

|-s

|-s

-iz

mutinous 'mjutnas, 'miut- |-ny -ni Mutius 'mjujas, 'mm-, -/las |-'s -iz mutt mAt mutter 'mAta^; ES 'mAta(r; |-ed -d

ES

Muskingum mAs'kiggam,

-iz

|-ing

M-

'mAtn

The pron. 'mAtan

is

not

in general use. |-ly -i

muzhik,

-zjik

my

mu'gik, 'musik j-d

-d |-hng 'mAzlig, 'mAzlig

stressed 'mai, jmai; unstr.

before vowels

mai, before conss. ma, Brit stage sometimes -Hia(r, S+-'t£a(r

recently +mAS^kn^-

am

mi Mycenae

mai'sini [-naean ^maisi'nian

mycologist mai'kaladsist; ES-h-'kol-; |-gy

muskmelon 'mAskjmelan Muskogee mAs'kogi

Myer

muskrat 'mAsk^raet, 'mASjkraet

Mynheer, m- main'hEr,

-dsi

muslin 'mAzlin

'maia^;

-'hia(r;

ES

'mai'a(r;

{Du mijnheer

|-s

-z |-s's -ziz

-'hir;

ES

-'hEa(r,

ma'ne:r)

musquash 'mAskwaJ, -kwoj 1-es -iz muss mAs musses 'mAsiz mussed mAst

myocardiograph ^maio'kardiajgraef ; ES

mussel 'mAsl |-ed -d

myope 'maiop |myopia mai'opia

|

Key:

S-i-

'mAtarig, 'mAtrig

muzzle 'mAzl

j-ry -ri

musketeer ^mAska'tir;

-'ia(r,

mutuality jmjutju'aelati, ^miu-

muskallonge 'inAska^lands, -Jonds Muskegon mAs'kigan -kail-

ES

-d

mutual 'mjutjual, 'miu-

-'kol-; |-gy -dji

musk mAsk jmusked mAskt

muskellunge,

-'£a(r, -'jea(r; |-ed

mutton,

jmjuzi'kaladsist,

mju'tsendis,

|-d -id

mutineer jmjutn'ir, iUuut-;

-iz |-d -d

mush mAj |-es -iz |-ed -t mushroom 'mAjrum, -rum,

tetid

mutilation jmjutl'e/an, ^miu-

-t/aCr

miu-, -'ziam, 'mjuziam.

music 'mjuzik, 'miu-

'mjutabl, 'miut- j-bly -bli

mutate 'mjutet, 'miu- |-tated mutation mju'te/an, miumutatis mutandis mju'tetis miu'tetis miumute mjut, miut |-d -id mutilate 'mjutj^et, 'miu-

muscularity jmAskja'laerati

muse,

-'ke-

mal

l-ed -d

]

See in full §§3^7.

Ibath baee;

E

-'ka:-

dia-, E+-/graf, -igraf, -'ka:d-

bee bi |pity 'piti ( §6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'jeg-gri bae (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, WDtJ (§12) Ijaw dsa Igorge gords |go go

myopic myopic mai^apik; ES + -'Dp-;

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

mysterious mis^tirias, mi'stinas

mystery mystery

-ikh

myosis mai'osis myosotis ^maia'sotis

Myra

nape

291

mystic,

|-es -iz

'trade' 'mistari 'secret' 'mistri,

M-

'mistik

'mistari

-ikh

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

mysticism ^mistajSizam

'maira

myriad 'nuriad myriapod 'miri3ipad; ES+-jpDd Myrick 'mairik, 'merik Myrmidon, m- 'mymajdon, -dan;

Wama-, 'ms'ma-, Myron 'mairan

mystification jmistafa'ke/an

mystify 'mista^fai

myth mi6

ES

|-fied -jfaid

|-ths -6s

mythic 'miOik

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

-ikh

mythological jituGaladsikl; ES+-'lDd3-;

-jdon

|-ly

-I, -ikli

myrrh my; ES m3(r, my;

|-ed -d

|-ic

-ik,

mythologist mi'Oaladsist;

^mirik

ES+-^Gd1-;

|-gy

-dgi

Myrrha

'mira

Myrtle,

m-

mythologize mi^Gala^dsaiz; ES+-'6d1-;

'mytl;

ES

'mstl, 'mytl

myself ma'self, mai'self

Mysia 'mijia [-n -n Mysore mai'sor, -'sar; ES

-'soa(r,

|-s

-iz

l-d-d Mytilene ^mitrim E+-'saa(r

myxedema, -oedema jmiksiMIma myxoid 'miksaid

N N, n

letter

Naaman

en

\pl

namable, nameable 'nemabl

N's, Ns, pass N's enz

namby-pamby

'neaman, 'neman

-pamby

|-bly

-bh ('namby-

'naerabi'paembi

Naamathite 'neamajGait nab naeb nabbed naebd Nabal 'nebl nabob 'nebab; ES + 'nebob

name nem |named nemd [namely Nameoki jnaemi'oki

Naboth 'nebaO; ES+'nebne

Namur

nacelle na's2l

Nanchang Wn't/aeg (Chin 'nan'tjag) Nancy pers. name 'naensi; France 'naensi

|

Nacogdoches jnaeka'dotjiz nacre 'neka^; nadir

'neda-^;

ES ES

|-es' -t/iz

|-s

^

{Fr

Nanking naen'kig [Nankin naen'kin Nannette hasn'et Nannie 'naem [nanny-goat 'naeni^got

Nansen 'naensn {Noriv 'nansan)

-z |-es -ajdiz

Nantasket

nasn'taeskit

Nantes naents |-'s -iz {Fr na:t) Nanticoke 'naenti^kok Nanti-Glo 'naenti'glo Nantucket naen'tAkit ('Nan^tucket

nail nel [nailed neld

Nain 'ncm, nen nainsook 'nensuk, 'naensuk

ES naean, -JV; ES -/laCr,

Nairn nern, naern, nern;

neao.

Naomi

-/a(r

nap naep [napped naept

'neajmai, ne'omai, -mi,

Naismith 'nesmiO

Napa

naive na'iv jnaivete no/iv'te, na'ivte

Napanee

naked 'nekid,

nape nep, naep

[full

'nemua(r; (Fr na'my:r)

Nansemond 'naensimand

= naive

-shire -fir,

ES

nankeen, -kin naen'km

'neda(r

naiad 'neaed, 'naiaed, -ad

|

'nemur;

na'si)

nag naeg [nagged naegd Nagasaki ^naega'saki, ^naga^saki Nahant na'haent; E+na'hant, na'hant Nahuatl 'nawatl |Nahuatlan 'nawatlan Nahum 'neam, 'nehAm

E+nean;

'nemli

namesake 'nem^sek

'neka(r

naif na'if |naifs na'ifs

'air)

old fash, 'nekid

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytfa^;

ES

'fstJa

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision

'coast)

-ma

'naepa 'naepajni

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

Visan [Eden

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

'em

tai

'kipin

Naperviile

Nauvod

292

ES

Naperviile 'nepa^^vil;

Naseby

'nepa-

'nezbi

napery 'nepari, 'nepri

Nash(e) nae/

Naphtali

Nashua

naphtha

'naeftajlai

naphthene naphthol

Napier

Nassau US Nast naest

'n«p-, -GdI, -6d1, -6al

'nepia', 'nepja^, na'pir;

ES

'naeso,

nasturtium

'nepi'3(r,

'nepJ3(r, na'piaCr

Napierville

+ 'naej"3jwe

Nasmyth 'nesnuO

'naefOajlin, 'naep-

'naefOin, 'naep-

'naefflol,

'nae/iz

Nashville 'nae/vil; S-i-'naeJvI

'naepOa, 'naefOa

naphthalene

|-'s

'naejua, ^oc.

Germany 'nasac

nae'styjam,

ES

na-;

-'sts/-,

-'styf-

ES

-pja^-;

'nepia'jVil,

nasty

'nepi-a-,

'naesti; E-i-'nasti, 'nasti

natal 'netl

-PJ3-

S Afr

napkin 'naepkin |napkined 'naepkind

Natal

Naples 'neplz

Natalie

napoleon,

N-

-iz

|-'s

nD^poljan, na'poban

Napoleonic najpoli'anik;

Braz na'tal

na'tael,

'naetli,

'netb {Fr nata'li)

natant 'netnt |natation ne'te/an

ES + -'Dnik

natatorial ^neta'torial, -'tar-; S -'tor-

Nappanee 'naepa^ni, ^naepa'ni Narbonne nar'ban; ES na:'ban, -'bon; {Fr

natatorium (neta'toriam,

-'tar-;

S -'tor-;

ES

narcism 'nar^sizam;

ES

Natches

'na:s-

'naetjiz |Natches' 'naet/iz

'nar^sizam

Natchitoches 'naekijtaj

ES

Nathan

narcissism nar'siSjizam;

na'siS/izam

ES na:'s-; |-sus' -sas ES na:'kosis narcotic nar'katik; ES na:'katik, -'kotik narcoticism nar'katdjsizam; ES na'kat-,

'neflan

|-iel

j-'s

-iz

na'Oaenjal

Narcissus nar'sisas;

natheless, -thless arch. 'neObs, 'naeObs

narcosis nar'kosis;

Natick 'netik nation 'nejan |-hood -jhud national 'naejanl, 'naejnal |-ism -jizam

-'kot-

ES

nard nard;

ES

'na:k-

nationalistic jnae/anl'istik, -Jnal- |-al -1 |-ally

na:d

-b, -ikb

ES 'na:gES nszaz; |-'s

nationality jnae/an'aelati

narghile, -gile 'nargab, -Je;

E

Nares nerz, naerz;

neaz,

nationalize 'naejanljaiz, -Jnal-

-iz

Narragansett jnaera'gaensit

nativity ne'tivati, na-

narrate nae'ret, 'naeret

Natrona na'trona

|-d -id

narration nae're/an [narrative 'naerativ

natty

narrow

natural 'naetjaral, 'naetjral

'naero, 'naera |-ed -d |-ing 'naerawig

'naerawa^;

narrow-gauge

ES

-W3(r;

|-est

'naeti

naiuraHze 'naetjaraljaiz,

ES

narrowish 'naerawi/

nature

narrow-minded

Naugatuck 'naga^tAk

'naero 'maindid, 'naera- ('nar-

-e,

nasal 'nezl

[-s

|-ist -ist

-iz |-d -d

'netja(r

'nati

'na3ia

-wal 'narhwal, -wal;

ES

nauseous 'nasas, 'nazias, 'nasias, 'na/as

'na:-

Nausicaii na'sikia

nautch nat/ |nautches

nasaUzation jnezla'ze/an, -ai'z|-s

-iz [-d

-d

nautical 'natikl

'nat/iz

|-ly -i

nautilus 'natlas |nautiluses 'natlasiz

'naezbi

Nauvoo na'vu

nascency 'naesnsi nascent 'naesnt |

See in full §§3-47.

E

'naet/ral-

nauseate 'nasijct, 'nazi-, 'nasi-, 'na/i-

|-ly -i

nasalize 'nezljaiz

[bath baeO;

[-ly -i

nausea 'nasa, 'nazia, Wsia, 'najia, 'na/a,

'na:8-; |-es -iz

Narvaez Sp nar'Jia-eO Narvik 'narvik; ES 'na:vik narwhal,

'netja^;

naught nat |naughty

row-^minded 'hate)

ES

-iz ]-d -d

naturalism 'naetjaraljizam, 'naet/ral-

'naerawist

'naero 'geds, 'naera-

narthex 'narOeks;

|-s

native 'netiv

naris 'neris \pl nares 'neriz

Key:

|-ist

-ist |-ly -I

narcotism 'narkajtizsm;

Nasby

-z

natatory 'netajtori, -jtan; S -^ton

nar'bb'n)

narceine, -in 'narsi,in, -in;

|-er

]-s

|-ria -ria

bee bi [pity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far

far

'prti |

(

\6)

Irate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri

watch wat/, wot/ (§12) Ijaw dsa

Igorge gards |go go

— Navaho

Nemean

293

Navaho,

necrology ne'kraladsi; ES+-'krDl-

-jo 'naevajho

naval 'nevl

necromancer 'nEkra^maansa^; ES

|-ly -i

Navarino jnaeva'rmo

ES

Navarre na'var; nave nev

naVaiCr,

E + -'va:(r

necrosis nE'krosis |-croses -'krosiz

ES

nectar 'nekta^;

Navesink 'naevajSigk, 'neva-,

Wva-

navigability ^nievaga'bilati

nee ne

need nid

navigate 'naevajget

-t^;

|-d -id |-tor

'nekta(r; |-ed -d |-ous -as

nectarine 'nektajrin, jnekta'tin

navigable 'naevagabj |-bly -bli

ES

-taCr

|-ed -id |-ful -fal

needle 'nidi |-d -d

|

-fully -fab

j-ful -^ful |-fuls -^fulz

navigation jnaeva'gefan

needle-point 'nidl^paint |-ed -id

navvy 'naevi navy 'nevi nawab na'wab, naVab nay ne

needlewoman

Nazareth

'naezaraO, -ri6, 'naezr-

'nidnt,

Nazi

ne'er nEr;

'natsi, 'naetsi |-ism -jizam {Ger 'na:tsi:)

Nazimova na'zimo^va

ES

-'aenda-; {Ger

ES

nEa(r

ne'er-do-well 'nErdujwel;

|

ES + -'piol-

negative 'negativ

ni3(r, S+nJE3(r, nji3(r, neaCr

S + 'njea-,

'njia-,

nearsighted 'nir'saitid;

ES

'ma-, S + 'njea-,

'njia-, 'n£3-

neat nit |neated 'nitid

|-d -id |-tion

neglect ni'glekt |-ed -id

{Fr

/nEgli'5e

|-ful -fal [-fully -fall

negli'se)

('negli^gee

'wear) |-gent -d3ant

negligence 'nEgladjans [-cy

-i

negligible 'nsgladsabl |-bly

-bb

ES

negotiable ni'go/iabl, -'gc/a-

-ihad, -^hs^d

negotiate ni'gojijet

neb neb nebbed nebd

negotiation nijgcji'ejan

Nebo

negress 'nigris

|

'nibo

Nebraska na'braeska |-n -n Nebuchadnezzar jnebjakad'neza', ^neba-; ES -'n£za(r; |-drezzar -'reza^; |-s

-z |-lae

ES

-jli

-'rEza(r

|-lous -las

negro,

N-

|-d -id |-tor -a^;

Negroid 'nigraid

Negros

PI

'negros

Negus, n- 'nigas

-iz

neigh ne [neighed ned

^nia'tnaia

neighbor 'neba^;

'neba(r;

|-ed

-d [-ing

Neilson 'nilsn neither

-ti

neck nek [necked nekt

|-s

ES

'nebrig, 'nebarig [-hood -^hud

necessitate na'sesa^tet j-d -id ]-tous -tas ]-ty

neckerchief 'neka^t/if;

-iz

|-'s

|-'s

Nehemiah

'ssrali

-a(r

|-es -iz

necessarily 'nesajserab, esp. if emph. ^nesa-

necessary 'nEsajseri

ES

'nigro, esp. S 'nigro, 'nigra

nebulosity jnebja'lasati; ES+-'1ds-

'ni'Sa^,

much

less freq. 'naiSa^;

ES

-(5a(r

Nell nEl [Nellie 'neb [Nelly 'neb

ES

Nelson 'nelsn

'nekatjif

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytfa-;

|-ville -iVil;

S+-vl

nematode 'nemajtod

-iz |-d -t

Nemean

necktie 'nskjtai [full

ni'gejan

-d |-vism -jizam

|-d

neat's-foot 'nits^fut

necklace 'nekbs

'nEadu^wEl

negotiabihty nijgo/ia'bilati, -igcja-

nitS

neatherd 'nitjhyd;

nebula 'nebjala

'neadujwil

Negaunee ni'gani negligee

'nea-; ('near-^by 'town)

ES ES

-'faer-, -'fer-

negate 'niget, ni'get

neap nip neaped nipt

'nia-,

+ ^nidn

is not in

'nina

nefarious ni'lsnas,

ne'andatjta:!)

Neapolitan jnia'podstn;

conns.

The pron. 'nidant

ne'er-do-weel 'nErdu^wil;

Neanderthal m'aenda^jtol;

-^wsk, -^wyk

general use.

Neenah

ES

|-men

-^wu-

some

before

('nidn 'ba'Sa')

Nazarite 'naeza^rait

near-by 'nir'bai;

ES

needlework 'nidl^wyk; needn't

jnaeza'rin ('Naza^rene 'Gospel)

'neath niO,

'nidl^wuman,

-jWimin, -an

Nazarene

ES

|-es -iz

ES + -krDp-

necropsy 'nskrapsi;

navel 'nevl

near nir;

-sa(r; j-cy -si

ES + -'krDp-;

necropohs nE'krapalis;

{It ^nava'ri:no)

ES

'fstJa

ni'mian, 'nimian

[custom 'kAStam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan

[Eden

tai

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

Nemesis Nemesis, n- 'nemasis

Neocene

Newbury

294

Neufchatel ^nju/a'tEl, ^niu-, ^nu- {Fr noeja-

|-eses -a^siz

hz\) ('Neufcha-jtel 'cheese)

'nis/sin

ynio-im'prEjanjizam

neoimpressionism

|-ist

neural 'njural, 'mural, 'nural neuralgia nju'raeld3a,

-ISt

neolith 'niaJiO j-ths -Os

neologism nrala^dsizam;

ES + -'d1-;

|-ist -ist

neologistic nijola'dsistik; ES+-jd1-;

[-al -1

neurasthenic jnjuras'Oenik, /luu-, ^nu- l-al-I |-ally -li,

ES + -'d1-

neology ni'ttladgi;

mu-, nu-

neurasthenia ^njuras'sima, ;mu-, ^nu-

jnis'lidik

|-ic

-ikh

neuritis nju'raitis,

mu-, numu-, nu-; ES +

neon 'nian, 'nion neophyte 'm3,fait Neoplatonism ^nio'pletrijizam

neuron 'njuran, 'mu-, 'nu-, -ron

Neozoic jnia'zo-ik

neuropathic ^njura'paBGik, /mu-, ^nu-

neurologist nju'raladsist, -'rnl-; |-gy -A^i

Nepal, -paul ni'pal

neuropathist nju'rapaGist, mu-, nu-;

'nefju, -ju, -lu,

nephritic ne^fritik

much

less freq.

'ncv-

neurosis nju'rosis,

nepotism 'nepajtizam

neurotic

|

-h, -ikli

|-ally

-tjiun, -tjun

mu-, nu- -roses -'roslz mu-, nu-; ES-f- -'rot-;

nju'ratik,

Nereid, n- 'mriid

Neustria 'njustria, 'nm-, 'nu-

Nerissa na'risa, ne-

neuter

Nero

neutral 'njutral, 'mu-, 'nu-

'niro, 'luro

ES

nerve nyv;

nsv, n^v; |-d -d |-vous -as

-nes

only -nis is given in the vocab.,

many

understood that

E b' S)

is to be

speakers (fewer in the

also pron. -nas,

When

sinus.

it

is

When

occasional in reeding style or rime.

riming slyness with

in -n or -n, two

(thinness 'Oinnis, fineness

ness 'sAdnnis)

'f

neutralize 'njutral^aiz, 'mu-, 'nu-

Nevada

Mo

state na'vaeda,

cities,

co. loc.

ES

'n2va(r

never 'neva^;

Nevis 'n£vis,

new nju, mu, nu Newark 'njua^k, 'mu-,

'nestaCr -'tar-;

S

-ark;

-'tor-

New

net net netted 'netid 1

nether

'netia^;

Netherlander

ES

ES

-bnda^;

'ne'Sa^Jaenda',

Netherlands 'netfa-landz, -nz;

ES 'neSaES 'ne'Sa-

nethermost 'netSa^jmost, -mast;

|-n - n; la,

ES

ES

/neva'moaCr,

jueva-

Bern

'nivis

|-'s

-iz

ES

'nu-;

-ak;

Del+

-a:k

ES -ban ES -ban

'njuba^n, 'mu-, 'nu-;

'njuba^n, 'mu-, 'nu-;

Newberry, -bery 'nju,beri, 'mu-, 'nu-. -ban newborn 'nju'bam, 'mu-, 'nu-; ES - baan; ('new /born 'lamb)

Newburgh 'njubyg, 'mu-,

ES

-bsg.

-ban

|-port

'nu-;

-byg

Nettie 'neti

Newbury

netting 'netig nettle 'netl |-d -d |-hng 'netlig, 'netlig

network 'netjwyk; in full

Ibath baeG;

ES

Newbern

'ng'SaCr

'nE33,laend3(r, -l3nd3(r

Key: See

l-d-d

Neville 'nevl, -vil

nestling n 'nestlig, 'nesliij

ES

-iz

-'veda

nevertheless ;n8va'tJa'les;

Nevin 'nevin

'nesta^;

|-s

m-, -'vada

Ark

nest nest nested 'nestid

Nestorian nts'tonan,

/HU-,

neutron 'njutran, 'mu-, 'nu-, -tron

nestle 'n£sl j-d -d |-hng 'neslig, ^neslig

Nestor

^mu-.

jnjutrala'ze/an,

-ai'z-

amnis, sudden-

cf -less.

;

|-ly -i

are pronounced

n sounds

-ta(r

mu-, nu-

nevermore /Ueva^'mor, -'mar; E+-'maa(r

-ness is added to words ending

-n

|-n

ES

'mu-, 'nu-;

neutralization

The pron.

not normal to conversation hut

is

'njuta^,

neutrality nju'traelati,

ness nes |nesses 'nesis -ness unstressed ending -nis, -nas.

ES +

-'rop-; |-thy -Gi

ne plus ultra 'nipUsUltra

Neptune 'nept/un,

-I

neuropsychosis jnjurosai'kosis, /mu-, nu-

-^raitis

|-al -1 |-tis

-ron l-al

-h, -ikh

l-ally

nepenthe ni'pEnOi

nephew

|-ronc

E

ES

§§3^7.

bee bi |pity |far

-bri-;

ES

-/poat, E-i- -/paat

('Newbury& jNewbury'port)

-jwsk, -^w^k

baG (§10) |ah a

'nju/beri, 'nm-, 'nu-,

-/Port, -jpart,

'piti

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'asg-gn

far |watch watj,

wotj

(§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go

+

-jkasl;

E+'^kasl,

'njujkaesl, 'niu-, 'nu-;

Newcastle

Engd

England nju'iggland, niu-, nu('new-

^nu-

^niu-,

^njufand'laend, jniu-, ^nu-.

'de, 'neks 'flor)

nexus 'neksas

|-es -iz

Ney ne

ES

'nez'pys;

-'pss, -'pys;

j-s

Niagara nai'aegra, -gara ('Ni^agara

'Falls)

nibble 'nibl |-d -d |-ling 'mblig, 'nib jig

Nibelung 'nibl^ug

|-enlied -an^lid {Ger

niu-, nu-;

Nicaea nai'sia

|-n

ES

-'kena(r

Nicaragua ,nika'ragwa, -'ragwa niu-, nu-, -/ir;

mu-, nu-,

loc.+

-'hevm

|-n

-n

nice nais |-ty 'naisati

Nice nis

-J3(r, -JiaCr

nju'hevan,

-jlit)

-n

Nicanor ni'kena', nai-;

Newgate 'njugit, -get New Hampshire nju'haempXa^,

j-'s

-iz

Nicene nai'sin ('NijCene 'Creed) niche nitj [niches 'nitjiz niched mtft |

New Jersey

nju'dja^zi, niu-, nu-;

ES

-'dsszi.

Nicholas 'niklas, 'niklas Nichols 'mklz

-'dsyzi

N-

mk

l-'s

j-'s

-iz

-iz j-lson 'niklsn

mkt

new-laid 'nju'led, 'niu-, 'nu- ('new-jlaid 'egg)

nick,

Newman

nickel 'nikl |-ed -d |-ing 'nikjig, 'mklig

'njuman,

Newmarket -jma:kit,

New

'niu-, 'nu-

'njujuiarkit,

Orleans molasses.

Newport -jpoat,

'nju^port,

is

^njua^'linz

regular

is

New

in

Cf Orleans. 'niu-,

'nu-,

ES

nicotine 'nikajtin, -tin

newsprint 'njuz^print, 'muz-, 'nuz-

nifty 'nifti

|-tin -tin

Niemeyer 'nimaia^; ES -mai-a(r NiemoUer Ger 'nimoelar Nietzsche 'nit/a Nigel 'naidsal

'muz-, 'nuz-

Niger 'naidsa^,

newsstand 'njuz,staend, 'muz-, 'nuz-

Nigeria nai'dsiria

newt

niggard 'mga^d;

njut, niut, nut

'njutn, 'mu-, 'nu- |-town -jtaun

Newtonian nju'toman, mu-, nuful [tooth tue [further 'fySa^;

-iz

Niemen 'niman {Pol 'njeman)

newssheet 'njuzjit, 'nju3-, 'mu-, 'nu-

[full

|-'s

Nicolay 'mkljC niece nis [nieces 'nisiz

Newton

('Nickel-

nickname 'nik^nem [-named -^nemd Nicodemus jmka'dimas |-'s -iz Nicolas 'mklas, 'niklas

-jpart;

E + -jp33t

'njuzjril,

-id

nicknack 'mk^naek

news njuz, muz, nuz |-boy -jb3i New Salem nju'sebm, niu-, nu-; Mass loc. 'New jSalem (cf Salem, Mass) newspaper 'njuzjpepa^, 'njus-, 'niu-, 'nu-; ES -jpep3(r; |-man -^maen |-men -jm£n newsreel

|-d

Nickleby 'niklbi

ES

nu-;

niu-,

-'aalianz;— TAe older pron.

uncommon, and

'nikl'plet

v

jplate 'Railjroad)

'njunan, 'niu-, 'nunju'Drlianz,

|nicked

nickelodeon ^mkl'odian nickel-plate

nju'meksajko, niu-, nu-

Orleans

not

ES

'nu-;

'niu-,

E+-/ma:kit

New Mexico Newnan

-iz

niblick, -ic 'mblik |-cked -t

-d3(r

ES

('New jYork 'City) Zealand nju'ziland, mu-, nunext nskst, before some conss.+n^s ('neks

|

bnd, niu-, nuNewfoundlander nju'faundlanda^,

New Haven

-jiaz,

nib nib nibbed nibd

'njufandbnd, 'niu-, 'nu-; dog nju'faund-

ES

ES

-'iv

{Fr neper 'se |-ces -'se)

-fangled 'whims) isl.

'njuj'irz, 'niu-, 'nu-;

New

Nez Perce

newel, Newell 'njual, 'niual, 'nual

Newfoundland

Year's

New York nju'jark, mu-, nu-, nu-; ES -'joak;

'niu-, 'nu-

newcomer 'njujkAma', 'niu-, 'nu-; ES -m3(r; acct new 'comer Newcomerstown 'njukAma'Zjtaun, 'niu-, 'nu-; ES -kAmazNewdigate 'njudigit, 'nni-, 'nu-, -jget

newfangled jnju'faeogld,

New

S+-/iE3z; |Day -jde jEve

nju'kasl

loc.

Newcomb, -mbe, -me 'njuksm, newcome 'nju^kAm, 'niu-, 'nu-

New

nigger

295

Newcastle

nigger 'niga^;

'naiga^;

ES

|-n

ES

ES

-dsaCr, -ga(r

-n

'nigad; [-ly

-li

'mga(r; [-ed -d [-ing 'nigarig.

'nigrig

ES

'fstSa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipxp

noblesse oblige

296

niggle Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

o are often pronounced with d in

E

nigh nai |nighed naid

Ninus 'nainas |-'s -iz Niobe 'naiabi, -jbi niobium nai'obiam Niobrara ^naia'brera,

night nait |-ed -id |-cap -^kaep [-capped -jkaept

nip nip nipped

nightdress 'nait^dres

nip-and-tuck 'mpan'tAk, 'mpm'tAk

'nigliij, 'niglig

niggle 'nigl |-d -d |-ling

ES

niggler 'mgla^;

'nigbCr

niggling n 'niglig

[-es -iz

nightgown 'nait^gaun

nipper 'mpa^;

|-ed -d

'naitn^gel, ^naitm-, 'naitig-

nightjar 'naitjdsar;

ES

-jd3a:(r,

E + -jd3a:(r

-jraaer;

E

-jiR£3(r,

ES

'mpa(r; |-ed -d

-'pon, 'mpan, -pnn

Nipponese ^nipan'Iz ny-,

Nma-

ny'vaena, mr-, -'vana;

ES

ns-.

nisi 'naisai [nisi prius -'praias

-jmae3(r; |-d -d

Nismes nim

nightshade 'nait^/ed

ES

nightshirt 'nait^Jyt;

-iJst, -iJs't; [-ed -id

nighttime 'nait^taim

nightward 'naitwa^d;

nit nit niter, -tre 'naita^;

ES

nightwalker 'nait^waka^;

ES

ES

'naita(r; |-(e)d -d

niton 'naitan, -ton

-jwakaCr

'naitwad

night-watch 'nait^wat/, -jwotj, -iWatJ

n

nitrate |-es -iz

night-watchman 'naitVatJman, -'wot/-. |-men -man ('night- ^watchman -'wDtJ-

'naitret, -trit

nitrate v 'naitret j-d -id |-tion nai'tre/an nitric 'naitnk j-trid -trid j-tride -traid, -trid

nitrify 'naitra^fai [-iied -^faid nitrite 'naitrait

'Jones)

nitrobacteria jnaitrobaek'tina

nihil 'naihil

nihilism 'naialjizam

nil

Nippon m'pan, nirvana,

nightlong 'naitjbg, -ilng; S + -/lag

nightmare 'nait^mer,

Nike

ES

nipple 'nipl |-d -d |-ling 'niplig, 'niplig

nighthawk 'nait^hak

N-

-'braera, -'brera

mpt

Nipissing 'mpa,sig

nightfall 'nait^fal

nightingale,

and S

nitrocellulose jnaitro'seljajos

|-ist -ist

nitrogen 'naitradsan, -dsin |-ate -jet |-ated

'naiki

ml

-jetid

Nile nail |Niles nailz |Niles's 'nailziz

nitrogenous nai'tradsanas

Nilotic nai'latik

nitroglycerin jnaitra'glisrin, -sarin j-ine -rin,

Nilus 'naibs

|-'s

nimble 'nimbi

|-d

nimbus 'nimbas

-sa^rin

-iz

-d |-ling 'nimblig, 'nimblig

j-es -iz |-bi

-bai |-ed

nine

nitwit 'nitjWit

-t

Nimes nim Nimrod 'mmrad Nina /em. name 'naina; goddess 'nina nincompoop 'ninkam^pup, jninkam'pup, kam-

nitrous 'naitras

nix niks nixes 'mksiz |

Nizam

no no |noes noz |noed nod -ig-

Noah

'noa

nob nab [nobbed nabd [nobby 'nabi Nobel no'bel ('No^bel 'prize)

nam

ninefold cdj, adv 'nain'fold ('nine^fold 'gain)

nobility no'bilati

ninepence 'nainpans

noble 'nobl

|-s

|-ie -i

nai'zaem, ni-, -'zam

-iz

ninepenny 'nain^pem, -pom ninepins 'nain^pinz

'nobla^;

ES

Nobleboro 'nobl^byo,

-a;

[-r

-bla(r; |-st 'noblist

ES

-ibsr-, -jbAr-,

-,b3^-

nineteen nain'tin, 'nain'tin ('ninc/teen 'years)

nobleman 'noblman [-men -man

ninety 'nainti

noble-minded 'nobl'maindid ('noble-jminded

|-tieth

'naintiiO

Nineveh 'ninava ninny 'mm

|-vite -^vait

ninth nainO [-ths -Gs See in full §§3^7.

[bath basG;

E

-i6s

'man)

i-fold -'fold

Key:

|-tieths

noblesse no'bks noblesse

oblige

no'bkso'blis

{Fr

nablesa-

'bU:5)

bee bi jpity 'piti (§6) [rate ret jyet jet [sang saeg [angr>- 'aeg-gri baO (§10) [ah a [far far jwatch watj, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards jgo go

noblewoman Those words below in which the a sound

noblewoman

'nobl^wuman,

is spelt

|-men

-^wu-

-jWimin, -an

-'pjer-;

|-s

^nana'pirans;

nociassociation jnosiajsosi'ejan, -iSofi-

nonassessable ^nana'sesabl

nonattendance ^nana'tendans

noctambulation jnaktaembja'lefan, nakjtaem-

nonbeliever ^nanbaliva^;

noctambulism nak'taembjajlizam

nonbelligerent ^nanba'lidsarant

|

nocturnal nak'tynl;

ES

|-list -list

-'tsn-, -'tyn- |-ly -i

nocturne 'nakts'n, nak'tyn;

ES

-sn, -s^n

nocuous 'nakjuas

-d j-ling

Wdlig,

'nadlig

ES

-va(r

nonce nans nonchalance

'nan/alans,

jnanja'lans

ES

nodular 'nadgala^;

noncom nan'kam nomcombatant nan'kambatant, -'kAmnoncommissioned jnanka'mijand noncommittal jnanka'mitl |-ly -i

'nadsalaCr

nodule 'nadsul

name 'noal; 'Christmas' nag jnogged nagd

no'el

noncompliance jnankam'plaians |-s -iz non compos mentis 'nanikampas'm£ntis

noggin 'nagrn

nonconditioned jnankan'dijand

nohow 'nojhau

nonconductive ^nankan'dAktiv

|-tor -ta^;

nonconformance jnankan'farmans; ES -'faamnonconformist jnankan'farmist; ES -'faam-

noise naiz [noises 'naiziz [noised naizd

noisome 'naisam Noll nal

noncontemporary ^nankan 'tempa ^reri noncontraband ntm'kantrajbaend

nolle prosequi 'nali'prasi;kwai

non-co-operation ^nankojOpaVe/an

nolo contendere 'nolokan'tendajri

non-co-operative jnanko'apa,retiv

nol-pros jnal'prcs

noncorroding jnanka'rodig

Nokomis no'komis

|-'s

-iz

|-ses -iz |-sed -t

nondelivery jnandi'livari,

'nomasd, 'namaed |-ism -^izam

nomadic no'maedik |-al -1 |-ally nombles 'nAmbIz=numbles

nom

de plume

-li, -ikli

nondescript 'nandi^skript

nondramatic ^nandr a 'maetik

none 'ninth hour' non nones nonz none 'not any' nAn |

Nome nom nomenclature 'noman^kletja^;

ES

-^kletj'a(r

nonesuch 'nAn^sAtJ

|-ly -i

nominate adj 'namanit nominate v 'namajnet |-d -id

nonentity nan'entati nonessential jnana's£nj'al

nc'raenklafJaCr is chiefly Brit.

|-es -iz

nonexistence ^nanig'zistans |-tent -tant |-tion

^nama-

nonexplosive ^nanik'splosiv nonfactual nan'faekt/ual

'ne/an

nominative 'nama^netiv, gram. + 'namanativ.

nonfeasance nan'fizns

-mnanominee inama'ni nomology no'tnaladji

nonfiction nan'fik/an

nonflammable nan'flaemabl nonfulfillment jnanful'filmant

|-gist -dsist

nonacceptance ,nanak's£ptans, -ik-

nonhuman nan'hjuman,

nonage 'nanids, 'nomds nonagenarian jnanadja'nerian, ;nona-, -'ner-

nonillion

|full

|-rosive -'rosiv

-'livri

nondivisible jnanda'vizabl

'namdajplum, -jplium {Fr

noda'plym)

nominal 'namanl

ES

-ta(r

noil nail |-age -idg

nomad

{Fr

noncombustible ^nankam'bAstabl

node nod |noded 'nodid

pers.

-iz

noncollapsible ^nanka'la^psabl

|

nodal 'nodi |-dality no'daelati

Noel

|-s

-bl'iva';

nqfa'la:s) |-nt -nt (Fr -'15)

nod nad nodded 'nadid

nog, nogg

S+-'p£r-,

-iz

nock nak nocked nakt

|-d

and S

nonalcoholic ^nanaelka'halik, -'hnl-, -'hal-

'nojbadi, ^no\}\Ai, 'nobadi

noddle 'nadl

E

o are often pronounced with n in

nonaggression jnana'gre/an

nonappearance

nobly 'nobb

nobody

nonimmune

297

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fytfa';

ES

-'hiu-

no 'nil j an

nonimmune jnani'mjun, -'miun

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

;

normal

298

nonindustrial Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

o are often pronounced with n in

E

and S

nonindustrial jnanin'dAstrial

nonresidential jncmrEza'dEnfal

noninflammable jnanin'flaemabl

nonresistance jncmn'zistans |-tant -tant

noninjurious jnanm'dsurias

nonintercourse

nonrestricted jnann'striktid

nan'mta^^kors,

ES

-jkDrs;

nonreturnable

E+-jk33s

-'intajkoas,

ES

inonn'tynabl;

noninterference jnanmta^'firans;

ES

-mta-,

nonrigid nan'ndsid

ES

-inta-

nonsectarian jnansek'terian, -'tenan

-eating

nonsense 'nansens

S+-'f£r-

nonrustable ncin'rAstabl

nonintervention jnaninta^Ven/an;

nonin toxicant

^nanm'taksakant

|

nonsensical non'sensikl [-ally

-iketig

nonjoinder nan'dsamda^;

ES

-li,

-ikh

non sequitur nan'stkwita^; ES -'s£kwita(r

-'dsamdaCr

nonjuror nan'dgura^, -'d3iur3^; ES -r3(r nonmember nan'memba^; ES -'memba(r

nonsharing nan'Jerig,

nonmetal nan'metl |-talic ^nanma'taelik nonmoral nan'maral, -'mar-, -'mnr-

nonsmoker nan'smoka^; ES -'smoka(r

nonnegotiable ^nanni'gojiabl, -'goja-

nonstarter

nonobservance

jnanab'zs^vans;

ES

-'zsv-.

ES

non'starta^;

ES

nonstriker nan'straika';

nonpareil ^nanpa'tel ('nonpajreil 'type)

ES

nonparticipation jnanpa^jtisa'pejan;

-zan non'partazn;

ES

nonsupport ^nansa'port,

'flight)

-'straika(r

-'part;

ES

nonsustaining jnansa'stenig

-'pa:t-.

nonsyllabic jnansi'laebik

nonpaying nan'pe-io [-payment -'pemant nonperformance ^nanpa^'farmans; ES -pa-

nontaxable nan'taeksabl nontheatrical jnanei'aetrikl

nonthinking nan'Gigkig

'faamnonperiodical jnanpiri'adikl

•

nonpermanent nan'pymanant; -'pym-

ES

-'psm-.

nonunion nan'junjan ('non-union 'shop) nonvoter nan'vota'; noodle 'nudl

nonperpendicular ^nanpypan'dikjala^, -pypm-p3pan'dikjala(r, -pspm-, -py-

nonphysical nan'fizikl

|-d

ES

-'vota(r

-d |-ling 'nudlig, 'nudlig

nook nuk |nooked nukt |-ery -an, -ri noon nun |nooned nund |-day -jde [-tide no-one 'no/WAn, 'nowan

|-es -iz |-ed -t

nonpoetic ^nanpo'etik

noose nus nooses 'nusiz [noosed nust

nonpoisonous nan'paiznas, -znas

Nootka 'nutka

|

nonpolitical jnanpa'htikl

no-par 'no'par;

nonproducer jnanpra'djusa',

-'diu-, -'du-;

ES

ES

-'pa:(r,

E + -'pa:(r;

ES

ES na(r; stressed

nonprofessional ,nanpra'fe/anl, -/nal

Nora, -h 'nora, 'nara; S 'nora

Nordic 'nardik;

non-Protestant nan'pratastant

Nordica 'nardika;

nonreality jnanri'aelati

Norfolk

ES

'narfak;

'naadik; |-icism -da^sizam

ES 'naadika ES 'naafak; Mass

norm narm; ES naam

nonreligious jnanri'lidsas

Norma

nonresidence nan'rezadans |-dent -dant

normal, N- 'narmj;

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) jah a

[far

'piti

loc.

'narfak, 'naafak

nonrefillable jnanri'filabj

E

'nar, juar;

'naa(r, jnaa(r

nonprofit nan'prafit

nonrecoverable jnann'kAvrabl, -'kAvarabl

('no-

npar 'stock)

nor usual form na^;

-sa(r

nonproductive ^nanpra'dAktiv

See in full §§3-47.

-jtaid

l-time -;taim

nonplus nan'plAs, 'nanplAs

[bath baeO;

-'poat,

Eh-'paat

-pa-

E+-'pa:t-

Key:

E+

-'sta:ta(r,

nonsuit nan'sut, -'siut, -'sjut, 'naii/S- |-ed -id

-pa'tis-

ES

-'/aer-

-'start-

nonstop 'nan'stap ('non-stop

nonparticipant ^nanpa^'tisapant;

S

nonstainable nan'stenabl

-'zyv-; |-ant -ant

nonpartisan,

-'/aer-;

nonskid 'nan'skid ('non-skid 'tread)

nonofficial /nana'fijal |-ly -i

ES

-'tsn-.

-'ts^n-

'narma;

ES 'naama ES 'naaml;

[-ly -i

|-cj'-

-si

(§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gri

far jwatch watj,

wot/

(§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gardg [go go

——

—

—

normality nar'maebti;

ES

ES

-ai'z-;

ES

'noam-;

Norman 'narman; ES 'noaman; Norn nam; ES naan Norridgewock -jwok

'narid3iWak,

|-s

-iz |-d -d

'nnr-,

Norse nars; ES naas; |-man -man |-men -man

N-

ES

narO;

naaO; |-ed

naG'aelatan

Northampton narO'haemptan, nar'Oaem-; ES naa-; ]-shire

-jjir, -/a^;

ES

ES

-aa-,

Northants short for Northamptonshire narO'haents, nar'Oaents;

ES

ES

-la:na,

In

-ka^'laina,

-ka-;

jnaaOkaera-,

-kaea'la:na

loc.+

jnarOkaUaina ka^

becomes ka by dissimilation {§121). Northcliffe 'narOklif;

ES

ES

'nartn;

northeast,

N-

ES

^naaG-

;naa0-; ('north-

naut.+nor^ist

-a(r; |-ern -a^n;

ES

-di-;

ES

jnarG'ist;

'wind)

|-er

-a^;

ES

|-er -a^;

ES

-a(r j-ern

'naatn

Norwalk 'narwak; ES 'naawak

ES

'narwe;

'naa we

Norwegian nar'widsan; ES naaNorwich US 'narwitj; ES 'naa-;

Engd

-iz

|-'s

nose noz noses 'noziz nosed nozd |-sy ]

|

-i

|-ed -id

nosebleed 'noz,blid

nosegay 'noZ;ge nosepiece 'noz^pis

|-s

-iz

nosology no'saladgi; ES+-'sol-;

|-gist -dsist |-gic

-dsik

nostril 'nastral, 'nos-, 'nas-, -tril

'nos-, 'nas-

not stressed 'nat, ^nat; ES-h-ot; unstressed, rarely -nat -t,

-n

m

cannot

|-n't enclitic -nt, -nt,

see aren't, doesn't, can't, etc.

nota bene 'nota'bini

-an

northeastward ^narO'istwa^d;

ES

^naaG'istwad;

notabihty jnota'bilati notable 'no tab! |-bly -bli

-z

ES

norther 'narSa^;

'naa'Sa(r;

-n

|-n

|-ly

-li

N-

northerner,

'naatJanaCr;

'narSa^na^,

In

'narUana';

'nar'Sana' a results

by dissimilation {§121)

;

ES

from

a^

this is less freq. in

northern 'narSan.

northernmost

notarial no'tErial, -'taer-, -'ter- |-ly

notary 'notan

-most -^most

|-ied

notation no'te/an

notch natj; ES+nntJ";

|-es -iz |-ed -t

note not |noted 'notid |-book -jbuk; \NEngd +

-mast;

ES

noteworthy 'notjWytSi;

ES

-jWstJi, -^ws^di

nothing 'nAGig

Northfield 'narG^fild;

northing 'narGig,

ES 'naaGES 'naa-

notice 'notis

|-s

-iz |-d -t

noticeable 'notisabl |-bly -bli

-'8ig;

N- 'narGland, -Jaend Northman 'narGman; ES 'naaG-; |-men -man

notification jnotafa'kejan

Northop

notion 'no/an |-ed -d

northland,

see

Northport

-i

-d

nat {§46)

'narSa^n^most,

'naafjan-

Northrup

'narG^port, -jpart;

E+-jpaat Northrup, -rop 'narGrap, -Gap; pron. 'narGap

is

due

to

ES

'naaGjpoat,

notify 'nota;fai |-fied -jfaid

notochord 'nota,kard;

j-al -1 |-ally -li

ES

-jkaad

notoriety jnota'raiati

ES

'naaG-; Tlie

r-dissimilation {§121).

Northumberland narGVmba'land; ES naG'Ambaland |full

-z

jnaram'biga, jnar-, ^nor-

nostrum 'nastram,

-kot

I

naa'w-;

|-s

^naaG-; naut.+

nostalgia na'staeldgia, nn-, -dsa

'naaG-; |-cote -kat,

North Dakota jnarGda'kota,

ES

nose-dive 'noz^daiv |-dived -^daivd

naa-

North CaroHna jnarOkaera'lama, -kalaina;

'naaGwad;

-an

noseband 'nozjbaend

-3(r

|-s

ES

jnarG'wEst;

'narids, 'nar-, 'nor-

-,fi3{T, -/a(r

Northanger 'nar6and33', nar'Saegga^;

jeast

ES

-a^n;

Norway

-t

ES

Northallerton narO'aela^tan;

N-

Norumbega

-iz

|-'s

Northrup

ES

nar'w-;

'nar-,

Norton

Norris 'nans, 'nar-, 'nor-

see

northward 'narGwa^d; northwest,

|-dy -di

naG'Am-;

-n

|-n

Northup

jn33mnormalize 'nDtmljaiz;

ES

narGUmbria;

Northumbria

no'maelati

jnarmla'ze/an,

normalization

north,

Nottaway

299

normality

ful |tooth tuG [further 'fySa^;

ES

'fatJa

notorious no'torias, -'tar-; S -'tor-

Notre

Dame US

^nota^'dem;

ES

^nota'dem;

Paris ,notra'dam {Fr natra'dam)

Nottaway 'nata;we; ES + 'not|custom 'kAStam |while hwail |how hau |toy

|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij |vision 'visan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl |keep

tai

'em 'kipm

Nottingham

US 'natig,haBm, Engd

Nottingham

ES + 'not-;

|

numerology

300

-shire

'natigam;

ES

-JV;

-i/ir,

-jji3(r,

nub nAb |nubbed UAbd |nubbin 'nAbm nubble 'uAbl

Nubia

-/3(r

Notts short for Nottinghamshire nats nnts notwithstanding

ES +

;

jnatwiO'staendig,

[-d

-d |-bly -bli

'njubia, 'niu-, 'nu- |-n -n

nubile 'njubl, 'niu-, 'nu-, -bil

nuclear 'njukha^, 'niu-, 'nu-; -witJ-

ES + ,nDt-

nuclei 'njukb^ai, 'niu-, 'nu-

noun naun

nuclein 'njukbin, 'niu-, 'nu-

nucleic nju'kluk, niu-, nu-

|-al -j |-ally -li

ES

nourish 'nyi/;

'nsrij, 'hat-, 'ny-; |-es -iz

nous nus, naus

-la(r

-Jetid

nouveau riche Fr nuvc'rij" nova 'nova novas 'novaz novae |

|

Nova Scotia 'nova'skoja |-n Nova Zambia 'nova'zembla

nucleolus nju'klialas, niu-, nu'novi

-iz

|-es

|-li

-jlai

nucleus

-n

'njukbas,

'niu-,

'nu-

-iz

|-es

|-lei

-hjai

novel 'navl jnovelly 'navji, 'navli;

ES + 'nnv-;

nude njud, mud, nud

|-d -id [-ism

-izam

|-ist

-ist

|-ist -ist

ES + ,nDVES + 'nov-; ]-s -iz |-d novelty 'navlti; ES + 'novNovember no'vamba^; ES noVEmbaCr

nudge UAds nudges 'uAdsiz nudged nAdsd

novelette jnavl'Et; novelize 'navljaiz;

novena no Vina

|-s

]

-d

|

nudity 'njudati, 'niu-, 'nu-

nugatory 'njugajtori,

-jtari;

S

number 'more niimV 'uAina^; ES 'nAma(r number 'count' 'nAmbs'; ES 'nAmba(r; j-ed

-d

'niu-,

'nu-,

-jtori

nugget 'uAgit

-z |-nae -ni

Novgorod 'navgajrad; ES + 'nnvgajrud

nuisance 'njusns, 'niu-, 'nu-

No vial

null nAl nulled nAld

'no vial, jnovi'al

j-s

-iz

I

ES + 'nov-;

novice 'navis;

null

-iz

|-s

and void 'nAlan'vaid

novitiate, novici- no'vijiit, -^et

nullification jUAlafa'keJan

Novocain,

nullify 'nAla^fai j-fied -jfaid

'novajken

-e

now nau |-adays 'naua^dez, noway 'nojwe |-ways -jwez

'nau^dez

-ihw«a(r nowhither 'no^hwi^a^;

ES

nullity 'uAlati

numb nAm numbed nAmd |

E

nowhere 'no^hwEr, -jhwaer;

-jhw£a(r,

ES

-jhwitJa(r

|-ing

noxious 'nakjas;

Noyes naiz

|-'s

nozzle 'nazl;

ES + 'nok-

-iz

ES + 'nozl;

'nAmbrig, 'nAmbarig

numbest 'nAmist numbles 'nAmblz numbly 'uAmh

nowise 'no^waiz

|-d

-d |-ling

-zliij,

-zlig

numbskull 'nAiu^skAl |-ery -sxi |-ism

abbrev.

spelling

auxiliaries

-nt,

of unstressed not after

-nt,

-n,

doesn't, can't; see these

-t,

as in don't,

and similar com-

nth enG n-tuple 'entupl, -tjupl, en'tupl, -'tiu-, -'tju1-d -d |-Hng -phg, -phg nu Gk letter nu, nju, niu nuance nju'ans, niu-, nu-, 'njuans, |-s

-IZ |-d -t

{Fr nq5:s)

See in full §§3-47.

Ibath baeO;

E

numerable

|-ed -d |-edness -idnis

-skAl,izam

'njumarabl,

-bb numeral 'njumral,

'niu-,

'niu-, 'nu-,

-mra-

|-tor -3^;

ES

-maral

'niu-,

'nu-

|-d

-id

-a(r

jUiu-, ^nu-

numerical nju'iuErikl, niu-, nu-

numerology

|-ly -i

'niu-, 'nu-, -^ret

numeration jnjuma'reXan, 'niu-,

'nu-,

l-bly

numerate adj 'njumarit, numerate v 'njumaifet,

binations in the vocab.

Key:

ES

nucleolar nju'kliala^, niu-, nu-;

nucleolate adj nju'klialit, niu-, nu-, -Jet |-d

l-ed -t

'nu-

-kli'a(r

nucleate v 'njukh;et, 'niu-, 'nu- ]-d -id

nougat 'nugat, 'nuga nought not

-n't

ES

nucleate adj 'njukhit, 'niu-, 'nu-, -^et

jujuma'raladsi,

|-ly -i, -ikli

iniu-,

juu-;

ES+-'d1-

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gn bae (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge g3rd3 |go go

numerous Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

-maras

numerous Numidia nju^midia, mu-, nu- |-n -n numismatic jnjumiz'maetik, iniu-, ^nu-, -mis'njumras, 'niu-, 'nu-,

l-al -1 1-ally -li,

-an

o are often pronounced with d in

'nstJaCr, 'nytJaCr; j-d -d

'niu-, 'nu-

nutcracker 'nAtjkraeka^;

ES

Nuthall, Nuttall 'nAtal,

Engd

nuthatch

Nutley

|-es -iz

-jkraeka(r

'uAtli

nutmeg 'nAtm2g

nuncio 'nAnJi^o

nutrient 'njutriant, 'niu-, 'nu-

|-ged -d |-gy -i

nutriment 'njutramant,

nuncle 'nAgkl

'nAtl

'nAtjhaetJ' |-es -iz

nuncheon 'nAnt/an

'niu-, 'nu-

nutrition nju'trijan, niu-, nu- |-tious -Jas

nAn'kjupativ,

'nAnkjujpetiv,

and S

nutation nju'tejan, niu-, nu-

|-ism -skAljizam

nuncupative

E

'nas-, 'nys-

nut nAt [nutted 'nAtid nutant 'njutnt,

nun nAn |nunned nAnd Nun Bible hah Nunc Dimittis ^nAgkdi'mitis

ES

nurture 'nytja^;

|-edness -idnis

|-ed -d

ES

nursling, nursel- 'nyslig;

-ikh

numskull 'nAm^skAl |-ery

obese

301

nutritive 'njutritiv, 'niu-, 'nu-

-'kiu-

Nuneaton nAn'itri nunnery 'nAnari nuptial Wp/al, 'nAptJal |-s -z |-ed -d Nuremberg 'njuram^byg, 'niu-, 'nu-; ES -ibsg, -ibyg; {Ger Nurnberg 'nymberk)

ES

nurse nys;

nss, nys;

|-s

nutshell 'uAt^Jel |-ed -d

Nuttall 'uAtal,

'uAtl

nux vomica 'uAks'vamika nuzzle 'nAzI |-d -d j-hng 'nAzkij, 'nAzIig

Nyack 'naiaek Nyanza nai'aenza, niNyasa nai'aesa, ni- |-land

-iz |-d -t

ES 'nss^gsl, 'nys^gyl nursemaid 'nys^med; ES 'nss-, 'nysnursery 'nysri, 'nysari; ES 'nas-, 'nys-; nursegirl 'nys^gyl;

|-ied -d -maid -;med nurseryman 'nysriman, 'nysari-; ES 'nys-; -men -man

Engd

nutty 'uAti

Nye

-jlaend

nai

nylon 'nailan, -on

I

Nymnim

'nas-,

nymph

nimf, nimpf

|-al -1 [-ic

-ik j-ical -ikl

O 0,

letter

o'

o

\pl O's,

oath o6 [oath's o6s [oaths

Os, pass O's oz

o

intj

prep unstressed form of on a

fo'

nights

Oban 'oban

a'naits) or of of (o'clock a'klak)

oaf of

j-'s

-s loafs ofs or

oaves ovz

obbligato jobb'gato

Oahu o'ahu

obduracy 'abdjarasi, -djuobdurate 'abdjarit, -dju-, -daobeah, 0- 'obia [obeahed 'obiad

oak ok [oaken 'okan Oakes oks |-'s -iz Oakland 'okland oakum 'okam oar or, ar;

ES

oa(r,

Obed E+aa(r;

|-ed -d [-lock

ES

'oaz-,

E + 'aaz-;

[-house

obelus 'ablas

j-es -iz

Oberammergau

oasis o'esis, 'oasis [oases -siz

-jhaus

[-houses

-^hauziz

oat ot oaten 'otn j-cake -jkek [-meal -jmil 1

[full

-i |-ent

-ant

obeisance o'besns, -'bisns [-sant -snt obelisk 'abj^isk

'arz-;

|-men -man est

'obid, 'obtd

obedience a'bidians [-cy

-M oarsman 'orzman,

oast

otSz

Oaxaca wa'haka i^Am Sp wa'haka) Obadiah joba'daia

ful jtooth tue [further 'fySa^;

ES

'fs'Sa

[-li

'abl^ai

^oba^'aema^/gau, -'am»-;

ES

-majgau Oberon 'obajran, 'obaran obese o'bis

[-sity o'bisati,

o'bss-

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vi5an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

obey Those words below in which the a sound

obey

Oceana

302 is s

it

E

o are often pronounced with d in

and S

obsequious ab'sikwias

a'be, o'be |-ed -d

obfuscate ab'fAsket, ab-, 'abfasjket

obsequy 'absikwi

j-d -id

observable

obfuscation jabfAs'keJan, ^abfasobiter dictum 'abita^'diktam, 'ob-;

ES

-ta-

l-bly

obituary a'bit/ujeri, o-

observance cb'zyvans}

object n 'abdsikt

ES

ab'zyvabi;

-'zsv-,

-Wv-;

-bh

ES

-Wv-; [-s ES -zaES ab'zava-

-'z3V-,

-IZ ]-ant -ant |-vation ^abza^'vejan;

observatory ab'zyva,ton, -jtan;

object V ab'dsEkt |-jected -'dsektid objectify ab'dsekta^fai |-fied -jfaid

jtori,

objection 3b'd38kX3n |-able -abl, -/nabl |-bly

-'zyv-, E+-/tari

ES

observe ab'z^v;

-'z3v, -'zs^v; |-d -d |-dly

-idb

-bh ab'dsektiv

objective

&

('subjective

'ob-

obsess ab'ses

|-es -iz ]-ed -t |-ion

obsolescence jobsa'lEsns |-scent -snt

objectivity jobdjek'tivati

objector ab'dsekta^;

ES

obsolete 'absajlit

-'dsektaCr

objurgate 'abdsa^^get, ab'dsyget;

ES

'abdsa-,

obstacle 'abstakl, 'abstikl obstetric ab'stetrik

ab'dssg-, -'ds^g-; |-d -id

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

oblate n, adj 'ablet, ab'let

obstetrician jabsts'trijan

oblate V ab'let |-lated -'letid

obstinacy 'abstanasi |-nate -nit

oblation ab'le/an, ab-

oblatory 'abla/tori,

-,t3ri;

obstreperous ab'strtparas, abS

obstruct ab'strAkt |-ed -id |-ion -'strAkJan

-jtori

obligate 'abb^get |-d -id j-tion jobb'gefan

obtain ab'ten j-ed -d |-able -abl

obtrude ab'trud, -'triud

obligate jobk'gato

obligatory

-'sE/an

obsidian ab'sidian

ijective)

a'bhgajtori,

'abbga-,

S

-jtari;

obtuse ab'tus,

-,tori

oblige a'blaids

|-s

obligee ^abh'dsi (jobli'gee obligor 'oblijgDr;

ES

&

ES

'abvss, -vys

ES -3S, -ys ES abVst, -Vyt; |-ed -id

obverse adj abVys, 'abvys;

jobli'gor)

obvert abVs^t;

-jg33(r; see above

oblique a'blik |obliqued a'bllkt

-'tius, -'tjus

obverse n 'abvys;

-iz |-d -d j-dly -idli

|-d -id

obtrusion ab'trusan, -'triusan |-sive -siv

—a'blaikz^

o.f.

obviate 'abvi/ct |-d -id j-tion jabvi'e/an

obvious 'abvias

or military.

obliquity a'bbkwati

ocarina ^akaVina

obliterate a'blitajret |-rated -^retid

Occam 'akam

obliteration a^bhtaVeJan

occasion a'ke3an |-ed -d

oblivion a'blivian |-ous -as

occasional a'kejanl, -'kesnal

oblong 'abbg, -log; S+-lag

Occident 'aksadant

obloquy 'ablakwi

occidental joksa'dEntl

obnoxious ab'nakjas, ab-

occidentalize ,aksa'd£ntjjaiz

oboe 'obo, 'obai

occipital ak'sipatl |-ly -i

obol 'abl

occiput 'aksijpAt, 'aksapat |-pita ak'sipita

obolus 'abjas

|-ly -i

|-ly -i

|-ism -,izam |-s

-iz |-d -d

occlude a'klud, -'khud |-d -id -elusion -3an

|-es -iz |-li 'abj^ai

|

Obrdlik C^ecli scholar bba'djlik;

ES bbad-

occult a'kAlt |-ed -id ('ocjcult 'science)

obscene ab'sin, ab- ('objscene 'mind)

occupation jakAl'teJan, -kal-

obsceneness ab'sinnis

occupancy 'akjapansi |-pant -pant

obscenity ab'senati, -'sinati

occupation jokja'pejan

obscurant ab'skjurant, -'skiur- ]-ism -jizam

occupy 'akjajpai

obscuration jabskjuVeJan, -skiu-

occur a'ky;

obscure

ab'skjur,

-'skiur;

ES

-'skjua(r,

Oceana

obscurity ab'skjurati, -'skiurati

Key:

See in full §§3~47.

Ibath basG;

E

bee bi |pity

ba6 (§10) |ah a

[far

'piti

|-pied -^paid

a'k3(r, a'ky; |-red -d

occurrence a'kyans;

ocean 'ojan

-'skiua(r; j-d -d |-dly -idh

ES

ES

wot/

|}"et

a'ksr-, a'kAr-, a'ky-

jo/i'aenik |Oceanica -'aenika

o'siana, jo/i'ena,

(§6) |rate ret

far |watch watj,

|-ic

Mich

jo/i'aena

jet |sang saeg |angr\- 'aeg-gri

(§12) |ja\v dsa |gorge gards |go go

Oceania Those words below in which the a sound

Oceania

offprint

303 is spelt

odor

Oceanid o'sianid lOceano jo/i'ano oceanography ^o/ian'agrafi, jojan-, -'og-

Oceanus o'sianas

ES

'oda^;

ES

'oda(r; |-ous -as

'Od's bodikins, odsb- 'adz'badikinz

Odysseus o'disjus, o'disias

ocelot 'osajat, 'asa-, -lat

ocher, ochre 'oka^;

'okaCr; |-(e)d -d |-ing

'okarig, 'okrig

Odyssey 'adasi oecumenic /Ekju'mgnik

ochroid 'okraid

oedema Tdima

Ockham 'aksm

Oedipus 'edapas

Oeneus 'in jus Oenone I'noni

o'clock a'klak

Ocmulgee ok'mAlgi

traditional cr loc. pron.

ES

octachord 'akta^kord;

-jkaad

o'er or, ar;

octad 'aktaed

ES

E+aa(r

oa(r,

ES

'ssted, 'ys-

octagon 'akt3jgan, -gan

oesophagus i'safagas oestrous 'estras,

ES

oestrus 'estras,

-'taemataCr

octane 'akten

'is-

'is- |-es

-iz

of stressed 'av, ^av, 'dv, jDV, 'av, jAv; unstr.

octangle 'aktaeggl |-gular ak'taeggjala^;

ES

av, before conss.+9 (' 'sg-gri

far [watch wat/,

wot/

(§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

— oxygenate

313

overtake

ES

overtake fiY»hek;

-'tuk

|-took

jova-;

Ovoca aVoka ovoid 'ovaid

-taken -'tekan I

ES

overtax 'ova^'taeks;

'ova-; |-es -iz |-ed -t

over-the-counter 'ova^'Sa'kaunta';

ES

'ovatSa-

overthrow

ES 'ovaES /Ova-;

'ova^jGro;

V ^ova^'Oro;

ovum 'ovam

\pl

ova 'ova

-ow sitffix -o, -b, -a. The ending -ow is seldom pronounced {except with artificial care) with

'kaunt3(r

overthrow n

ovule 'ovjul

|-threw -'Gru,

-'Gnu -thrown -'Gron

The commonest prons.

afidl o as in elbow. are with

an advanced

with a.

b

b, nearly like u,

and

I

overtime n 'ova^jtaim; overtime V jova^'taim;

ES 'ovaES iOva-;

|-d

overturn n 'ova^jtyn; overturn v jova^'tyn;

ES 'ovajtsn, 'ova^tyn ES jOva'tsn, jova'tyn;

overwatch

ES

-'wot/,

'ova^'watj",

When a

vowel follows the -a {as in -ing, -er)

aworr intervenes; as follow 'falawig or is

Ano

'falarii).

'fala,

following

sound, nearly u,

heard in medial syllables of such

also

owe o |-d -d lowing Owego a'wigo, o-

-'watj";

E

'ova'w8a(r,

-'waea(r; ]-wore -'wor, -'war;

E-i--'waa(r;

ES

|-worn

ES

-'woa(r,

-'warn;

-'worn,

ES ES

'ova^'wiri,

-'wiri;

ES Wa-,

S+

ES 'ova-; [-ed -d |-ing -ig ES 'ova-; |-ed -d n 'ova^^wet; ES 'ovaadj 'ova^'wet; ES 'ova-; ('over-

'ova^'win;

overweigh 'ova^'we; overweight

jweight 'parcel)

-'waund Hoo

hard

w.'

'ova^'wyk;

ES

'ova'wsk, 'ova'wyk; 'extra w.' 'over^work v

'ova^'wyk;

|-ed -t or

overwrought"

ES

-wrought

'ova^ 'rat;

ES

'ova'wsk,

I

'ona'^J'ip;

ES

'onay/ip

Owosso a'waso, a'wnso ox aks;

ES+nks;

oxalate 'aksajlet;

oxalis 'aksalis;

l-'s

-iz |-en -n

ES + 'nks-;

\-d -id

ES+nksES + 'oks-

oxbow

'aksjbo;

ES + 'oks-

oxen 'aksn; ES-i-'oksn oxeye 'aks^ai; ES + 'oks-; Oxford 'aksfa^d;

ES

ES

|-d

-d

'aksfad, 'nks-; ]-shire

-Jia(r, -Xa(r

ES + 'oksES + 'oks-; |-d -id oxide 'aksaid, 'aksid; ES + 'nksoxidize 'aksa^daiz; ES + 'oks-; |-s -iz |-d oxime 'akslm, 'aksim; ES + 'oksoxidase 'aksa^des, -jdez;

oxidate 'aksa^det;

-d

ES+'oks-; The earlier form The present syl. division may confusion with the word Mp; cf

oxlip 'aksjhp;

was ox-sUp. be

'ova'rat; ('over-

due

to

cowslip.

Oxonian aks'onian; ES+oks-

ES + 'ovid

ES + 'oks-; j-d -d ES + joksoxycalcium jaksi'kaelsiam; ES + joksoxygen 'aksad^an, 'aksi-, -dsin; ES + 'oksoxygenate 'aksadsanjCt; ES + 'oks-; |-d -id oxtongue 'aksjtAg;

Ovidian o'vidian

oxyacetylene jaksia's€tl,in;

oviduct 'ovijdAkt oviparous o'viparas oviposit jovi'pazit;

'ova-

-'rat

jwrought 'nerves) 'avid;

own on owned ond

-Jir. -f^l

ES 'ova-; j-ed -id overwhelm jova^'hwelm; ES jova-; |-ed -d overwind 'ova^'waind; ES 'ova-; |-wound

overweight v 'ova^'wet;

overwork n

-an

|-et -it

oxazine 'aksa^zin, -zin; ES-i-'oks-

-'weri; |-ied -d

overv/eight

'o«ig

oxalic aks'aelik;

-'woan, E-(--'w3an

overweary

'o-in,

ownership

overwear 'ova^'wer, -'waer;

|full

stood to include the pron. with fronted o.

owl aul

'ova-; \-d -d

'ova-; |-es -iz |-ed -t

Ovid

is not

used in the vocab., the symbol o being under-

Owen

1-ed -d

overvalue 'ova^'vaelju;

'wyk;

chiefly in its lip-

words as whatsoever.

-jt/ua(r

overwork

from a

rounding. In these words the symbol b

-d

ES 'ovaovertop jova^'tap; ES jova'tap, -'top; |-ped -t overtrade 'ova^'tred; ES 'ova-; |-d -id overtrick 'ova^jtnk; ES 'ovaovertrump jOva^'trAmp; ES iOva-; |-ed -t overture 'ova't/a^, -^tjur; ES 'ovatJ"a(r, overtone 'ova^jton;

overween

differs

ES + -'pDz-;

|-ed -id

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa';

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'vijan [Eden

'idigi

hau

[cradle 'kredj [keep

[toy tai

'em

'kipip

— oxygen ize

paiadin

314

ES + 'oks-;

oxygenize 'aksadsan^aiz;

\-s

-iz

ES + joksi'tosik,

oxytocic joksi'tosik, -Hasik; joksi'tDSik

l-d-d

oxyhydrogen ^aksi^haidradsan, -dsin; ES +

oxymoron /oksi'moran, -'mar-; ES 'moran, joksi'moron, E + -'m3roxysalt 'aksiiSalt; ES + 'oks-

^aksi-

ES + 'oks-

oxytone 'aksijton; oyer 'ojV,

jDks-

'aia^;

ES

'oJ3(r, bi-3(r

oyez, -yes 'ojes, 'ojez

|-es -iz

ES bist3(r Ozark 'ozark; ES 'oza:k, E + 'oza:k oyster bista^;

oxysulphide, -fide ^aksi'sAlfaid, -fid;

ES +

ozone 'ozon, o'zon ozonize 'ozajuaiz

ioks-; 1-phid, -fid -fid

-iz |-d -d |-nous

\-s

-nas

P, p letter pi \pl P's, Ps, pass P's piz

Padriac Colum 'padnk'kalam, -'knlam

pabulum 'paebjabm

padrone pa'droiu

pace pes paces 'pesiz [paced pest

[-s

-z {It pa'dro:ne \pl -ni

-ni)

|

pacemaker 'pes^raeka^; ES 'pes^mekaCr Pachaug pa't/ag, cf Patchogue pachisi pa'tjizi, pa see parcheesi pachyderm 'p^k^idym; ES -jdsm, -jdym P- pa'sifik

|-ally -li,

ES

'pian

paediatric ,pidi'aetrik, iptd-

|-s

-s

pagan 'pegan paganism 'peganjzam

-ikh

pacification jpaesafa'kejan pacificator 'paesafajketa^;

paean

'pa:dova)

paediatrician jpidia'trijan, iped-

pacifiable 'paesajfaiabl |-bly -bli pacific,

Padua 'paedsua, 'paedjua |-n -n {It Paducah pa'djuka, -'diu-, -'du-

-jket3(r

Paganini jpaega'nini

{It jpaga'nirni)

paganize 'pegan^aiz

|-s

-iz |-d

-d

pacificatory pa'sifaka^tori, -jtari; S -jtori

page peds |pages 'pedsiz |paged pedsd

pacificism pa'sifajSizam

Page peds Page's 'pedsiz pageant 'p^dsant |-ry -n

pacifism 'paesajfizam pacify

|

|-fist -fist

Paget 'paedsit

'pfles3jfai |pacified 'paesa^faid

pack paek

packed paekt

|

|-age

1-ages

-ids

pagination jpaedsa'nejan

-id3iz

Packard 'p^ka^d; ES 'p^ekad packet

paginate 'p^dsa^net |-nated -jnetid

'paekit

|packeted 'p^kitid

ES

packhorse 'paekjhars;

'p^^k^haas;

\-s

-iz

packsack 'p«kjsaek

pagoda pa'goda Pago Pago 'pai)o'paoo = Pangopango pah int, v pa, pa, pae, etc. |-ed -d Pahlavi, p- 'palajvi=Pehlevi

packthread 'p^k^OrEd

paid past cf pptc of pay ped pail pel |-ed -d j-ful -jful |-fuls -jfulz

pact paekt

pain pen pained pend

packsaddle 'p^ek^saedl

-d

|-d

j-ful -fal [-fully -fall

]

pad paed padded

Paine pen

^psedid

|

paddle 'paedl

|-d

-d |-ling 'pasdiig, 'paedlig

painstaking 'penz^tekii)

paddock 'p^edak |paddocked 'paedakt

paint pent jpainted 'pentid

paddy, padi

paintbrush 'pent^brAj

Paddy

'rice' ^psedi

pair per, paer;

'Irishman'' 'paedi

Padelford pa'delfa^d;

Paderewski

ES

-'rev-,

padishah 'padij/a

padlock 'paedjlak; padre 'padri

paEa(r; |-ed -d

-'ruski.

Paiute pai'jut ('Pai^ute 'language)

ES + -jlDk;

{It 'pa:dre,

E

|-s

-z

pal pael [palled paeld

Sp

See in full §§3^7.

[bath baeO;

ES

pajama pa'djama, pa'dsama

-Viuski

Key:

|-es -iz

p£a(r,

Paisley 'pezli

-fad

jpaedaVefski,

E

[-ed -t

'patire)

palace

'paelis,

-as

|-s -iz

paladin 'paeladin

bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang sasg [angry 'aeg-gri baO (§10) [ah a [far far [watch watj", wot/ (§12) [Jaw d33 [gorge gards [go go

Palamon

Panama

315

Palamon 'paelaman,

-jmnn

-jinan,

palladic psUaedik, ps'ledik

palanquin, -keen jp^elsn'kin, -ag'k- [-ed -d

palladium, P- psUediam

palatability ^paelata'bilati

palladous pa'ledas, 'p^eladas

|-s

-z |-dia -dia

palatable 'p^l^tabl |-bly -bh

Pallas 'paelas |Pallas's 'paelasiz

palatal 'p^el^tl

pallbearer 'paljbera', -^baera^;

palatalization jpaelatla'zejan, -ai'zpalatalize 'paelatjiaiz

-d

|-s -iz j-d

E

-jberaCr,

pallet 'paelit

palate 'paeht

palliate 'paeb^et |-d -id |-ative -^etiv

palatial paUeJal j-ly -i

palliation jpaeb'eXan

palatinate, P- paUaetrijet, -it

pallid 'psebd

palatine, P- 'paebjtain, -tin

pallium 'paebam

Palatka paUaetka

pall-mall

palaver pa'laeva^;

ES

pa'laevaCr; |-ed -d |-ing

pa'laevarig, pa'laevrig

Pall

|-s

-z [pallia 'pseba

game 'pel'mel Mall London street

pallor 'paela';

ES

'pel'mel, 'psel'mael

'paelaCr

palm pam [palmed pamd

pale pel paled peld |

pale-, paleo- 'peb-, 'pebo-, Brit usually 'p^el-

|-ist

-ist

[-istry

-istri

paleethnology ^pebEG'naladsi; ES-i--'nDl-

palmate 'paelmet, 'paelmit -mated -metid

paleface 'peljfes j-faces -jfesiz

palmer, P- 'pama';

paleobotany jpeho'batni;

|

ES + -'bDtES -f3(r

paleographic jpeba'graefik

ES 'pamastan

palmitate 'paelma^tet -mi tic pael'mitik |

palmitin 'p^lniatin

j-phist -fist

j-tine -tin, -jtin

palmy 'pami

paleo lith 'pebajbO |-ths -6s

Palmyra, p- pasl'maira

paleolithic jpeba'bOik

paleontologic jpebjanta'ladsik; |-al -1 |-ally -ji,

paleontology

'pamaCr

palmetto pael'meto

|-al -1 [-ally -li

paleography jpeb'agrafi, -'og-

ES

Palmerston 'pama^stan;

paleographer jpeb'agrafa^, -'og-;

'lodsik;

ES

-jbaEr3(r

ES + -jDnt3-

-ikb

jpeban'taladji;

Palo Alto

Pa

Cal,

'paelo'aelto;

la,

Tex+

'palo'alto

ES + -Dn'tDl-;

palpable 'p^lp^b} |-bly -bb palpitant 'paelpatant

-gist -dsist I

Paleozoic jpeba'zo-ik

palpitate 'p^elpaitet |-tated -jtetid

paleozoology 'pebjO'Zo'aladsi;

ES

Palermo paUs^mo; pa'krmo)

ES + -'d1-

-'Ismo,

-Uymo;

palpitation jpaelpa'tejan (//

palsy 'palzi [palsied 'palzid palter

'palta^;

ES

Palestinian jpaelas'tinian, -'tinjan

paly 'peb

paletot 'paelajto, 'paelto

pam paem

palette 'p^ebt

Pamela 'paemala

Paley 'p^b

Pamlico 'paembjko 'pael-

Pali 'pali

palikar 'paebjkar;

ES

-d

|-ing

pamphlet 'paemfbt, 'paempfbt ]-ed -id pamphleteer ^paemfb'tir; ES -'tia(r,

paKndrome 'paebnjdrom paling ^pebg

paHngenesis jpaebn^dsenasis

|-ing

'paemparig, 'paemprig

^paebika:(r

palimpsest 'psebrnp^sEst

S+

-'teaCr; |-ed -d

Pamunkey pa'mAgki

|-sist -sist

palinode 'paeb^nod |-d -id

pan, P- paen [panned paend

palisade jpaela'sed j-d -id |Palisades -'sedz

panacea

pall pal palled paid

Panama, p-

I

ful [tooth tuO [further 'fytSa^;

jptena'sia, -'sia

'paenajina, -^ma,

jpaenaWa, -'ma

{Sp jpana'ma)

Palladian pa'ledian [full

|-ed

pampas 'paempaz, attrih. -pas Pampas 5 Amer plains 'paempaz pamper 'paempa^; ES 'paBmpa(r; |-ed -d

palfrey, P- 'palfri

Palgrave ^pTAgtey,

'p^ltaCr;

'paltang, 'paltrig |-try -tn

Palestine 'paelasjtain

ES

'fstfa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz jdish dij [vision 'vi3an

tai

[Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipm

— Panamanian Words below

Paracelsus

316 pronounced in

that have se before t (carry 'kaeri) are often

N with e

('keri, §94)

Panamanian ^paena'menian, -Wenjan, -'man-

pantheism 'paenOijizam

|-ist -ist

Pan-American 'paens'merskan

pantheistic ^paenOi'istik

|-al -} |-ally -li, -ikli

Panay

pantheon,

pa'nai {Sp pa'nai)

pancake 'paen^kek,

P-

'paenOian,

-^an,

paen'eian;

ES+-iDn

'paeg-

ES

panchromatic jpgenkro'maetik

panther

Pancras 'paegkras

Panthino paen'Oino

Pancras

see St.

'paenOa^;

'paenGaCr

pancreas 'p^nkrias, 'ps^O-

pantofle 'paentafl, paen'tafl, -'tufl; ES-K-'lnf-

pancreatic jptenkri'aetik,

pantomime 'paentajmaim |-d -d j-mimist pantomimic jpaenta'mimik

ipaerj-

pancreatin 'paenkriatin, 'paeg-

panda 'p^enda Pandar 'paenda^; ES 'paenda(r; c/ pander Pandarus 'paendaras |Pandarus's 'paendarasiz pandect, P- 'paendekt

'paentri

pants paents

ES -bds,

Panurge paen'yds;

-'yds;

|-'s

-iz

{Fr pa'nyrs)

pandemic paen'demik Pandemonium, p- jpaendi'moniam, -'monjam

ES

pander, -ar 'paenda^;

pantry

-ist

'paEnda(r;

|-ed

-d

'paenza', 'pantsa^;

ES

-a(r; {Ger 'pan-

tsar)

Paola

pi'ola, pe-, Italy 'parola

Paoli pi'olai, pe- {It 'pa:oli)

|-ing 'paendarig, 'paendrig

Pandora paen'dora, -'dara; S -Mora

pap paep Ipapped paept papa 'papa, noiv rare pa 'pa papacy 'pepasi

pandowdy paen'daudi Pandulph 'paendAlf pane pen |paned pend panegyric jpaena'dsirik

panzer

papain pa'pe-in j-al -1 |-ally -|i,

-ikh

papal 'pepl papally 'pepli |

panegyrize 'p^n^dsa^raiz

j-s

papaverine pa'paevajrin, -nn, -'pev-

-iz |-d -d

panel 'p*"} l-^d -d panful 'p£enjful |-s -z

papaw

pang paeg

Papeete jpapi'ete

pangenesis paen'dsenasis

paper

Pangopango 'pago'pago=Pago Pago P-

panhandle,

'papa

papaya pa'paia, pa'paja

'paenjhaendl

-d

|-d

'pepa^;

ES

'pepa(r; |-ed -d 1-ing 'pe-

parig, 'peprig j-dling

-dhg, -dlig

paperer

ES

'pepra^;

'pepara^,

'pepara(r,

'pepra(r

Panhellenic 'paenha'lenik, -hE'knik

panic 'paenik |-icked

papeterie 'papatri {Fr pap'tri)

papier-mache 'pepa^ma'/e, jpsepjemae'/e;

panicky 'pseniki

-t ]

panicle 'p*nikl jpanicled 'p^nikld

Pan jab pAn'dsab

|-i

'pepama'Je,

'paenja^, 'paenia';

ES

papist 'pepist papistic pe'pistik, pa-

'paen]a(r, -ni-a(r

pannikin 'paenakin

papoose pae'pus

j-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikli

-iz

j-s

paprika, -ca pae'prika, pa-

panoply 'paenapli -plied -plid

Papua

panorama

papyrus pa'pairas

|

jpaena'raema, less freq. -Vania-

panoramic ^paenaVaennk

pansy

ES

{Fr papjema-

Te)

-i

panjandrum, P- paen'dsaendram panne paen pannier

jpaepjemaE'/e;

|-ally -li,

'paepjua

par par;

-ikk

ES

[Papuan 'paepjuan

pa:(r,

j-es -iz

jpapyri pa'pairai

E+pa:(r;

|-red -d

Para pa'ra ('Para 'rubber)

'paenzi

pant psent panted 'paentid

parable 'paerabl

|-d

-d |-ling -blig, -blig

|

Pantagruel paen'taegrujel {Fr patagry'tl)

parabola pa'raebala

pantalets, -ttes jpaentj'ets

parabolic jpaera'balik;

pantaloon jpaentl'un

pantechnicon

paen'tEknijkan,

-kan;

ES +

E

j-ally -li,

paraboloidal pajraeba'bidl

Paracelsus jpaera'selsas

See in full §§3-47.

Ibath baee;

ES + -'bDl-;

-ikh

|-ed -d

-jkon

Key:

|-loid -jlaid

bee bi |pity

bae (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

j-sus'

-sas

(§6) |rate ret jyet jet |sang saeg langry 'aeg-gri wntj (§12) Ijaw dsa |gorge gords |go go

far jwatch watj",

— parishioner

317

parachute

Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m) Words below that have ae before r (carry 'kaeri) are ofteti pronounced in N with £ ('ken, §94) parachute V^raj/ut [-chuted -Jutid

parasyn thesis jpaera'sinOasis

paraclete 'p^ersjklit

parasynthetic jpaerasin'Oetik

parade pa'red |paraded pa'redid paradigm 'paer3,dim, -jdaim paradigmatic jpaeradig'maetik

paratactic ^paera'taektik -ally -h,

|-al -1

|-al -1 |-ally -Ii,

-h, -ikh

|-al -1 |-ally

ES

parboil 'pofibail;

paradox 'paera^daks; ES-i--,dDks; |-es -iz paradoxical jpaera'daksikl; ES+-'dDks-; j-ally

parbuckle 'par^bAkl;

ES

'pa:jbAk!;

-d

|-d

'pa:sl; |-ed -d |-ing -s?ig,

paragenesis jpaera'dsenasis

parcener 'parsna^;

paragon ^^sut^^gan, -gan; ES+-jgon paragraph 'paera^graef |-ed -t; ES+-af, -af

parch part/;

|-al

ES

-slig

paraffin 'paerafin |-fine -fin, -jfin

paragraphic ^paera'graefik

'potibail; j-ed -d

-^bAklig

|-ling -jbAklig,

parcel 'porsi;

-h, -ikh

-OaiVaidl

|-al

paratyphoid ^paera'taifaid

paradise, P- 'paera^dais -discs -^daisiz |

-ikh

parataxis jpaera'taeksis

parathyroid jpaera'Oairaid

-ikli

paradisaic jpaeradi'se-ik

|-al -1 [-ally -li,

-ikli

|-ally

-1

ES

ES

'pa:sna(r; |-nary -jgri |-ed -t |-edly

|-es -iz

pa-.tj";

-idli -li,

parcheesi, -chesi, -chisi pa'tjizi, pa:-; N-t-pa^-,

par-

-ikk

Paraguay 'paerajgwe, -igwai {Sp ^para'gwai) Paraguayan jpaera'gwean, -'gwaian

parchment 'part/mant; ES jsard pard;

ES

ES

parakeet 'paer3,kit

Pardee par'di;

paraldehyde paVaeldajhaid

pardie intj par'di;

parahpsis,

-lep-,

-leip-

-'kp-,

jpaera'lipsis,

'pordn;

-dnig, -diug

-'laip- |-ses -siz

parallax 'p^era/laeks

pardon

'pa^'J-; I'^d -id

pa:d par'di

ES ES

pa:'di

'pa:dn;

|-ed

-d

[-ing

-dnabl, -dnabl |-bly

|-able

-bii

|-es -iz [-ed -t

E

ES

parallel 'paerajkl |-ed -d |-ism -kljizam

pare per, paer;

parallelepiped 'p^er^ilEla'paipid, -'pipid

paregoric jpaera'gank, -'garik, -'gorik

parallelogram jpaera'klajgraem

parent Operant, 'paerant, 'perant |-age -ids

paralysis pa'raelasis |-ses -jsiz

parental paVentl parentally paVentli

paralytic jpaera'litik

parenthesis paVenOasis |-theses -ea,siz

p£a(r,

paea(r; |-d -d

|

paralyze 'paerajaiz |-lyzes -Jaiziz

paramount, P- 'paerajmaunt

[-d

parenthesize pa'renOajSaiz

-d

-iz |-d -d

j-s

|-cy -si

parenthetic jpaeran'Getik

paramour 'paer3;mur; ES -^muaCr Parana jpaera'na, -'no (5^ jpara'na)

paresis pa'risis, 'paerasis

parang pa'rag

par excellence par'eksa^lans {Fr parekse-

paretic paVetik, pa'ritik

paranoia jpaera'naia |-noiac -'naiaek

parapet -fa- ;

'la:s)

'p^erspit, -ipet |-peted -pitid, -jpetid

paraphernaUa

In

jpaerafa'nelia,

the first pron.

-Ija;

-fa^-,

a' is lost

ES

by dissimi-

lation {§121).

paraphrase 'paera^frez

|-s

-iz |-d -d

paraphrastic ^paera'fraestik

|-al

-1

|

-ally -li,

ES

pa:-; {Fr par'fe)

parhelion par'hilian, -Ijan;

pariah pa'raia,

'paeria, 'par-

Parian 'perian,

'paer-, 'per-;

ES S

pa:-;

|-ia

-la

'paer-, 'per-

pari mutuel 'paeri'mjut/ual, -'miu- {Fr parimy'tq£l)

parapsychology ^paerasai'kaladsi; ES-h-'kolparasang 'pserajsaeg parasite 'paerajsait |-sitism -saitjzam

ful Itooth tue [further 'fySa^;

Paris ^psens, jocularly pae'ri Paris,

Gaston

gaes'tanpae'ris

|-'s |-'s

-iz {Fr gas-

parish 'paenj |parished 'paeri/t parishioner pa'rifana', -'ri/na^;

ES

-iz {Fr pa'ri)

topa'ri:s)

[-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

parasol 'p^r^jsal, -(SdI, -jsal Ifull

parfait par'fe, par'fe;

parietal pa'raiatl

-ikli

parasitic jpaera'sitik

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan

-na(r

hau

[toy tai

[Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

—

—

—

parure

318

Parisian

Words below in which a before r (farm) is sounded a are often pronounced in E with a (fa:m) Words below that have ae before r (carry 'kaeri) are often pronounced in N with £ ('ken, §94)

ES

Parisian paVisan, paVizian

parsley 'parsli;

parity 'paerati

parsnip 'parsnap, -nip;

park park; ES park;

parson 'parsn;

j-way -^we

|-ed -t

parka 'parka; ES 'pazka Parker 'parka^; ES 'pa:k3(r Parkman 'parkman; ES 'parkman

ES

parlance 'paribus;

parlay 'parh;

ES

'pailans;

ES

-'tuk -taken -'tekan

ES

par-; |-d -d {Fr par'terr)

ES jparOES 'parG-, -^nnn Parthenope par'Oenajpi, -pi; ES pa'GenParthia 'parOia, -6ja; ES 'parG-; |-n -n partial 'par/al; ES 'parjal; |-ly -i partiality par'Jaelati, ^parji'ael-; ES pa'/ael-.

|-ed -d

ES

'parlamant -'tei -;

ES

iPa:l-tri; ES jparlES 'pa:la(r; j-maid -j med parlous 'parlas; ES 'parlas Parmesan ,parma'zaen; ES jparm-; ('Parme-

parliamentary jparlaWentan, parlor, P- 'parla^;

jpar/i'aelati

partible 'partabl;

ES

'partabl

Parnassian par'naesian, -sjan;

Parnassus par'naesas;

ES

ES

pa'n -

participate

culj pa^'tisapit,

']

parnl;

parochial pa'rokial, -kjal

|-ly -i

|parodied

'paeradi

'paeradid

l-dist

participle

ES

(parta'sipial,

-pjal;

'partasapl,

ES

Parolles pa'ralis, -'ml-

particular

-iz

paronomasia jpaerano'mesa, -31a

pa-,

pa:-; J-ed -'ked.

ES

-iz

'paeri |parried 'paerid

pars; |-d

ES

-t

{Brit parz)

'par^sek

ES 'parsi, par si ES 'pars-; {Ger parzi-

Parsi, -see 'parsi, par 'si;

Parsifal 'parsafl, -jfal;

'

see Parzival

parsimonious jparsa'monias, -njas;

parsimony 'parsa,inoni;

ES

See in full §§3~-f7.

E

the

'parti jkAlad

par-;

2d pron.

^

far |watch watj,

wntj (§12) |jaw dsa

'ag-gn

|gorge gards |go go

phantasmagoria phantasmagoria jfaentaezma'gona, -'gor-;

1-1 -1

-'g3r-;

S

|-ally -li, -ikli

Pharisaism 'faerascjizam

E + jfarma-;

ES

-'siu-, -'su-;

ES

fai-

ES

philharmonic, P- jfila^'manik, ^filhar-;

-ikh

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

'farmasist;

philatelist fa'laetlist |-ly -tli

Philemon fa'liman,

|-ist -jse-ist

-si^izam

'faera^si |-ism

pharmaceutic jfarma'sjutik,

E+

'fa:ma-,

E + -ha:-

-'mnn-,

ifila-, tiiUia:-,

Philip 'filap [Philippa fa'bpa |-pan fa'hpan

Philippi fa'lipai, 'fila,pai;

WVa

-'lipi, 'filapi

Philippians fa'lipianz |-pic fa'lipik

'fa:ma-

pharmacology jfarma'kaladsi; ES jfa:ma'kal-, -'knl-,

E + /fa:ina-

pharmacopoea

Philippine 'fila^pin

Philippsburg 'filaps^byg;

ES

jfarmaka'pia;

jfaim-,

E + ifa:mES

'farm-,

Philipsburg 'filaps^byg;

ES

Phihstia fa'bstia

'fa:pa:(r.

E + -a:-

-jbsg, -jbyg;

-iz

|-'s

E + 'fa:m-

Pharpar, -phar 'farpar, -far;

ES

{Ger 'fi:lipSjburk) Philips, -pps 'filaps

pharma,cy 'farmasi;

-fa:(r,

|-al

Philario fi'larijO, -rjo |-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

Pharisaic, p- jfaera'scik

jfarma-,

ES + -'OrDp-;

-h, -ikli

philanthropist fa'laenOrapist |-py -pi

'fero, 'fe-, -ri^o

pharmacist

-'Iaenda(r; |-ed -d

-'laendang

philanthropic ^filan'Orapik; -1 l-ally

phantom 'faentam

Pharisee

ES

philander, P- fa'laenda'; |-ing -'laendrit),

l-lly -li

phantasmic faen'taezmik |-al -1 phantasy 'faentasi, -zi |-ied -d

Pharaoh

Phlegethon

327

ES

-^bsg, -;byg

Phihstine, p- fa'listin, 'filas^tin, 'filas^tain

ES 'farsa-, E + 'fa:safar'seha; ES fa-, E + fa-; |-n -n

Pharsala 'farsala;

Philistinism, P- fa'kstinjizam, 'filastinjizam

Pharsalia

Phillips, -pps 'filaps

pharyngeal fa'rindsial,

Philhs 'fibs

jfaerin'dsial

l-'s

ES

-jbsg, -jbs^g

-IZ

Phillpot 'filpat

pharynges faVindgiz pharyngitis jfaenn'dsaitis

Philo 'failo

pharyngoscope fa'rioga^skop pharynx 'faerigks i-es -iz |-rynges fa'rmdsiz

philogynist

phase fez [phases

-iz

|-'s

PhiUipsburg 'filaps^byg;

pharyngal fa'riggl

I

|

philologic

phasis 'fcsis phases 'fesiz

ES + -'lDd3-; |-ny-ni ES -'lalad3a(r, -'Inl-;

'ladsanist;

|-gist -d3ist i-gy

phased fezd

'feziz

f

philologer fi'loladsa^;

-dsi

jfila'ladsik;

ES + -'lDd3-;

|-al

-j

|

pheasant 'feznt Phebe, p-

|-ally -li, -ikli

philomel, P- 'fila^mel |Philomela yfila'mila

'fibi

Phelps felps

|-'s

philopena ^fila'pina

-iz

philosopher fa'lasafa^;

phenacetin, -e fa'naesatin

phenazin 'fenazin

l-phy

|-zine -^zin, -zin

Phenician fa'ni/an, fa'nijan phenix, 'finiks

|-es -iz

phenol

-nol,

|-s

philosophize fa'lasajfaiz; ES+-'1ds-;

-nal,

-nol

|-phth£elein

|-mena -mana phew f ju, fiu, pf ju phi Gk letter f ai

-iz

Philostratus fi'lastratas; ES-i--'1ds-;

Philotus

fi 'iotas |-'s

|-'s

-iz

-iz

Philpot, -pott, -putt 'filpat b' various other pitjfs

fail, 'faial |-ed

philter, -tre

'filta^;

ES

'filta(r; |-(e)d

-d I-(r)ing

-tang, -tnij

Phineas 'finias

-d

Phi Beta Kappa 'faijbeta'kaepa, -'s -iz

|-n

|-'s

-iz

phlebitis fb'baitis, fk-

-^bita-

phlebotomy fb'batami. He-; ES-h-'bot-

|-an -an

Philadelphia jfila'delfja, -fia |full

|-s

l-d-d Philostrate 'fila^stret

-'eaelin

Phidias 'fidias

|-ly -i.

-ikli

-z

phenomenal fa'namanl; ES-h-'nom-; |-ly -i phenomenon fa'namajnan; ES-h-'nomajnon;

phial

-'lasafa(r, -'Ids-;

philosophical jfila'safikl; ES-i--'sDf-;

Phenicia fa'm/ia, -/a

'final,

ES

-fi

Phlegethon 'fkga^Gan, -^eon

-n

ful |tooth tu0 [further 'fytSa^;

ES

'fstJa

jcustom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipni

phlegm Those words below in which the a sound

phlegm

phylloxera

328 is spelt

fkm

phlegmatic fkg'maetik

[-al -1 |-ally -li |-icly

photogenic jfota'dsEnik

photograph

-ikk

phloem 'floem

and

-ikh

|-ally -li,

E + -jgraf,

'fotajgraef;

photographer

-igraf;

-izam

-ik |-ism

|-ic

fa'tagrafa^,

-Ung-;

fo-,

Phocian 'fo/an |Phocis

|-ist -ist

'fosis |Phocis' -sis

Phoebe, p- 4ibi Phoebus |

'fibas

|

-bus's -basiz

Phoenicia fa'ni/ia, -/a

photographic ^fota'graefik

|-s

photogravure

jfotagra'vjur,

photolithograph

-z

phonation fo'ne/an

-^grevja^;

ES

-'tamata^r; |-try

-tri

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

photometric ^fota'metrik

|-ally

-1

|-al

photon 'fotan photoplay 'fota,ple

|-tist -tist

phonic 'fanik, 'fon-

photosensitive jfota'sEnsativ

phonodeik 'fona^daik

photospectroscope jfota'spektrajskop

phonogram 'fonajgraem phonograph 'fonajgrasf; E + -jgraf, phonographic jfona'graefik

photosphere

|-ally -ji,

'fota^sfir;

ES

-jsfia(r,

-ikh

photostatic jfota'staetik

|-ally

photosynthesis jfota'sinOasis

phonological jfona'ladsikl

phototropism fo'tatrajpizam

|-ly -i, -ikli

phonologist fo'naladgist |-gy -dsi

phototype

phosgene 'fasdjin

phrasal 'frezl -ly -d -id

|-tic

S + -isfea(r

photostat, P- 'fota^staet |-ed -id

-jgraf

phonography fo'nagrafi, -'nng-

-h, -ikh

'fota^taip -i

phrase frez |phrases 'freziz Iphrased frezd

fas'faetik

phosphid 'fasfid

|-fide -faid, -fid

phraseological ^frezia'ladjikl

phosphin 'fasfin

|-fine -fin, -fin

phraseologist ^frezi'aladsist |-gy -dsi

phrenetic fri'netik

phosphite 'fasfait

phosphore

ES

ES

-foa(r,

E + -faa(r

Phrygia

'fridsia |-n -n

Phrynia

'frinia

phosphoric fas'farik,

phthisic 'tizik

-s -iz |-d -t |

-'far-, -'for-, -'for-

phosphorous 'fasfaras, fas'foras, EN+-'farphosphorus, P- 'fasfaras |Phosphori 'fasfajiai

phot

'foto |-ed -d |-ing 'fotawig

photochemist jfotaMiEinist -ry

|-al -1

spelling of

—Phthisic

ME

is

a 16c pedan-

tisik that little aj'ected

the pronunciation. Phthisis is learned Latin.

photoelectric jfoto-i'kktrik

|-al

-1

ft, f At, fat, etc.

Phyfefaif

-ri

photodrama jfota'drama, -'draema photodynamics ,fotadai'naemiks

phylactery fa'laektari, -tn

Phyle |-ally -li.

-ikh

'faili

Phyllis 'fihs

l-'s

-IZ

phylloxera fi'laksara, jfilak'srra

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

tic

phut intj Phut f At

photic 'fotik |-tism -tizam

Key:

-d3i

phthisis 'Gaisis

fat, fot

photo

-h, -ikh

fri- |-gy

phrensy 'frEnzi -led -d

phosphorescence ,fasfa'resns -scent -snt

phosphoresce jfasfaVes

-ikh

|-ly -i,

|-al -1 |-ally

phrenologist frE'naladsist,

'fasfa(r

'fasfor, -far;

-li.

-ikh

phoneticist fo'nEtasist, fa-

phonetism 'fona^tizam

ES

jfotali'eagrafa--, -'Gog-;

photometer fo'tamata^; |-ly -li

phonetician jfona'ti/an

'fasfa';

ES

-f3(r

phoneme 'fonim

phosphor

-li.

E+-jgraf,

jfotaUiOaigraef;

photolithographer

phone fon [phoned fond

phonetic fo'netik, fa-

|-ally

-igraf; |-ed -t

|-es -iz

phonemic fo'nimik

-1

|-al

-ikh

-VjuaCr, -'grevjaCr

Phoenician fa'niXan, fa'ni/an phoenix, P- 'finiks

'fasfet

ES

-fa(r; |-phy -fi

phlox flaks -es -iz

phosphate

S

-d

|-d

l-ed -t

phlogistic flo'dsistik |-al -1 |-ton -tan

phobia 'fobia

E

o are often pronounced with d in

photoengrave jfoto-in'grev

E

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

(§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri

far |watch watj,

wot/

(§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

329

phylon Those words below in which the a sound

phylon

phylum 'faibm phyla

'failan

is spelt

'faila

-t |-al -1 |-ally

-h,

-

ikh

pick pik [picked pikt |-edly -idli

pickaninny 'pika^nini

physician fa'zi/an |-ed -d

Pickaway 'pika^we

physicist 'fizasist

physiocrat 'fizi3jkraet

pickax, -e 'pik^aeks |-(e)s -iz |-(e)d

jfizia'kraetik

|-ic

physiogenetic jfizi^odsa'netik

Pickens 'pikinz

physiogeny jfizi'adsani -genie -o'dstnik

pickerel 'pikaral, 'pikral

|

physiognomy jfizi'agnami, -'anami physiographer

-faCr;

picket 'pikit |-ed -id Pickett 'pikit |

pickle,

-fi |-al

-I

-iz

|-'s

Pickering 'pikariQ, 'pikrig

ES

^fizi'agrafa^, -'og-;

physiographic jfizia'graefik

-t

picked adj 'pointed' 'pikid, pikt

physiogenesis ^fizio'dgenasis

|-ally -!^

P-

'pikl |-d -d |-ling 'pikbg, -kliii

picklock 'pikjlak

pickpocket 'pik^pakit |-ed -id

-ikli

physiologic ^fizioladsik

|-al -j |-ally -li, - ikb

physiologist jfizi^abdsist |-gy

pickthank 'pik^Gaegk pickup 'pikjAp

-A'51

physiotherapist jfizio'Oerapist |-py -pi

Pickwick 'pikwik

physique

picnic,

fi'zik |-d -t

|-ian

pik'wikian

P- 'piknik |-icked

-t

Pico isL, vole, It count 'piko; Vt

phytogenesis jfaito'dsenasis

phytogenetic jfaitodsa'netik

j-al -1 |-ally -ii,

nit.

'paiko

picot 'piko picric 'pikrik

-ikli

phytogenic jfaito'dsemk

phytology fai'tabdsi

picrite 'pikrait

Pict pikt

|-gist -dsist

pictograph 'pikta^graef; E+-jgraf, -jgraf

pi pai

pia mater 'paia'meta-;

ES

pictorial pik'torial, -'tor-; S -'tor-; |-ly -i

-'met3(r

picture 'pikt/a-;

pianissimo jpia'nisajino {It pja'nissijmo)

'pbmst

pianist pi'aenist,

piano n pi'aeno,

piano

and S

pi '/an, -'/on

pickaback 'pika^baek

-s

|-phy

E

o are often pronounced with d in

Pichon

|

|

physic 'fizik |-icked |-s

Pierre

-a, lessfreq.

'soft,' 'softly'

pianoforte -,io3-,

-t/3(r; |-d -d |-ring 'pik-

picturesque jpiktja'resk

pi'ano

pi'ano {It 'pia:no)

pi'aenajfort,

ES

tjarig, 'pikt/rig

-jforti,

picul 'pikAl

-jfar-;

ES

E + -,h3-

piddle 'pidl |-d -d |-ling 'pidhg, 'pidlig

piddling adj 'pidhg

pianola jpia'nob

pidgin English, pigeon 'pid3in'igglij'

piaster, -tre pi'aesta^;

ES

pie pai Ipied paid;

-'aestaCr

Sp

meas. pje,

Piatt 'paiat

pie It meas. pje. It pi 'pje:-!

piazza pi'aeza {It 'pjattsa)

piebald 'pai^bald

pibroch 'pibrak {Sc -brox)

piece pis |pieces 'pisiz |-d

pica, P- 'paika

piece de resistance

-t

Sp

pi pjes

|-meal -^mil

picador 'pika^dar;

Fr pjesdarezis'tSis piecework 'pis^wyk; ES -^wsk, -jwyk

Picardy 'pika-di;

pied paid

ES -^dD3(r ES 'pikadi

picaresque jpika'resk

piedmont, P- 'pidmant

picaroon jpika'run

piedmontese, P- jpidman'tiz

picayune jpiki'jun, ^piki'un, jpika'jun

pieplant 'paijplaent

ES

Piccadilly jpika'dili ('Piccajdilly 'Circus)

pier pir;

piccalilli jpika'lili

pierce,

piccaninny

Pierian pai'irian

'pikajiiini

S+pE3(r;

pi3(r,

P- pirs;

ES

Pierpont 'pirpant;

Piccolomini jpika'lomani {It jpikko'b:mini)

Pierre

pice pais |full

fu! |tooth tue [further 'fytSa';

pir;

pi'er, pjer;

ES

ES

[Eden

'Peter'

-E3(r

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan

|-s -iz |-d -t

ES 'piapant ES pi3(r, S+p£3(r;

piccolo 'pika^lo

SD

|-ed -d

pias, S + p£3s;

hau

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

—

Pierrot ipia'ro {Fr pje'ro)

Plowman

Piers

Pinkerton

330

Pierrot

-ban

Pillsbury 'pilzjberi,

ES

'pirz'plauman;

'piaz-,

S + 'p£3z-

pilose 'pailos pilot 'pailat j-ed -id

ES

Pierson 'pirsn;

'p^^sn, S

pietism, P- 'p^iajtizam

+ 'p^^sn

pilothouse 'pailatjhaus [-houses -jhauziz Pilsen 'pilzn

|-tist -tist |-ty -ti

|-er -zna^, -sna^, -na^;

pietistic ^paia'tistik |-al -1 |-ally -jr, -ikli

Pilsudski pil'sutski, -'sAdski

piezoelectricity paijizo-ijlek'trisati

Piltdown 'piltjdaun

piffle 'pifl |-d

I

piffling adj 'piflig

pig pig Ipigged pigd |-pen -iP£n |-skin -^skin

-A^m-;

ES

|-ery -an,

-n

-d [-ply -ph, -pji

P-

pinafore,

'pinajfor,

ES

-jfar;

-jfoa(r,

E + -/f3a(r

pigeonhole 'pidjan^hol, 'pidsin- [-holed -^hold pigeon-livered

|-d

pin pin [pinned prnd

cf pidgin

'pidsan'hartid,

E + -iha:t-

-'ha:t-,

pimp pimp [pimped pimpt pimple 'pimpl

|-sty -^stai |-tail -^tel

pigeonhearted

-3(r

pimento pi'mento [pimiento pim'jento pimola pi'mola

-d -ling 'pi^^O> 'pifj^O

pigeon 'pidsan, 'pi^sin

ES

'pidsanUiva^d,

-dsin-;

ES

pince-nez 'paens^ne, 'pins-

pincers

-'livad

\pl

-nez -^nez {Fr

pies'ne) 'pinsa'z;

ES

'pinsaz;

cf

pinchers.

ME

pynsours and is rare in from Am use. The usual word 'pint/a^z is from pinch, and is not a jjtistake for pincers.

pigeon-toed 'pidsan^tod, 'pidsin-

'pinsa- z is

piggery 'pigari piggin 'pigin, -an

pinch

piggy Vi^i -back -^baek

pintj" [pinches 'pintjiz

[pinched pint/t

I

pigheaded 'p^^'h^did ('pig-headed 'lout) pigment 'pigmant |-ed -id |-ary 'pigman^tEn

pinchbeck 'pintjbek

pigmentation jpigman'tejan

pinch-hit

fi

Pigmy, p- 'pigmi

pinch-hit

v 'pintj'hit, -Jiit

pignut pike,

-d

|-ied

Pinckney 'pigkni

P- paik piked paikt |

Pikes Peak 'paiks'pik

Pindar 'pmda^;

ES + -jStaf, ES -'laest3(r;

pikestaff 'paik^staef;

|-ed -d |-ing

'pinda(r

Pindarus 'pindaras

[-al -1 j-ally -li, -ikli

[-'s

-iz

pindling 'pindlig

Pindus 'pindas

Pilate 'pailat

ES

pilchard 'piltja-d;

pine,

'pilt/ad

ES

[-'s

-iz

P- pain [pined paind [-ny

-i [-ville -vil;

S + -vl

piled paild

pilfer 'pilfa-;

ES

pindaric, P- pm'dierik

-jStaf

-tarii), -trig

I

[-ville -jVil; S-i--vI

pincushion 'pin^ku/an, -in

piked adj ^^aiVxA, paikt

pile pail

'pint/az; see pincers

'pint/jhit

Pinchot 'pinjo, 'pintjo

'pigiiiAt, 'pignst

pilaster pa'laesta';

ES

pinchers 'pintja-z;

-f3(r;

|-ed -d

|-ing

-fang,

pineal 'pinial [-ism -jizam

pineapple 'pain^apl

-frig

pilgrim 'pilgrim,

-am

Pinero pa'niro, -'niro, -'nero

|-ed -d

pilgrimage 'pilgramids

|-s

pinetum pai'nitam

-iz

pinfeather

pilled pild

pill pil I

pillage 'pilid3 pillar 'pila';

|-s

ES

-z |-ta -ta

ES

-jfetJacr; [-ed

-d

pinfold 'pin^fold [-folded -^foldid

-iz |-d -d

'pila(r; |-ed

pillbox 'pil;baks;

[-s

'pin^fe'Sa^;

ping pig [pinged pigd

-d

ES + -jbDks;

|-es -iz

pinge pinds [pinges 'pindsiz [pinged pindsd

pilledness 'pilidnis, 'pildms

ping-pong, P- 'pig^pag, -^pog, -;pag [-ed -d

piUion 'piljan |-ed -d

pinhead 'pinched

pillory 'pilari |-ied -d

pinhole 'pin^hol -holed -^hold

[-ed -id

|

pillow 'pilo, -a |-ed -d |-ing 'pilawig

pinion 'pinjan [-ed -d

pillowcase 'pilojkes, 'pila-

pink pigk [pinked pigkt

pillowy 'pilawi

Key; See

E

-iz

Pinkerton 'pigka^tn;

ES

'pigkatn

bee bi [pit}' 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet J£t [sang s«g jangiy 'aeg-gn baO (§10) [ah a [far far [watch watj", wot/ (§12) jjaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

in full §§3-47.

[bath baeO;

|-s

Pinkney Pinkney 'p^okni pinnace

placebo

331

|-d

-d |-ling -kjiQ,

-klirj

pistachio pis'ta/ijO, -'tae/-

pistareen jpista'rin

'pinit

pinochle, -cle 'pi^nAkl piiion 'pinjan, 'pinjon

pistil 'pistl, -til [-late -it, -jCt

{Am Sp

pistol,

pi'jion)

P-

pistole pis'tol

pintail 'pin^tel [-tailed -/teld

piston 'pistn, -tan

pintle 'pinti

pit pit [pitted 'pitid

pinto, P- 'pinto

pitapat 'pita;piEt,

ES

ipaia'niaCr,

S + -'n£3(r;

-d

'pistl |-ed

pint paint

pioneer jpaia'nir;

-jmai3(r; |-ism -mai-

jrizam

-iz

|-s

pinnacle 'pinakl, -ikl

pinnate 'pinet,

ES

pismire 'pis^mair;

'p*nis, -as

'piti-

E

Pitcairn 'pitkern, -k£ern;

-kean,

ES

-kaean

pitch pitj [pitches 'pitjiz [pitched pitjt

l-ed -d

pious 'paias

pitchblende 'pit/^blEod

pip pip pipped pipt

pitch-dark 'pitj'dark;

pipage 'paipids

pitcher

ES

I

pipe paip Ipiped paipt

ES

'pit/a^;

ES

pitchfork 'pitj^fark;

|-ful -^ful

-'da:k,

E + -'da:k

'pitXa(r; [-ful -j.vl

-^faak

pipestem 'p^'PiStem pipestone, P- 'paip^ston

piteous 'pitias

pipette, -pet pi'pet |-(te)d -id

pith pi9 [piths piGs pithed pi6t

pipit 'pipit

Pithecanthropus ^piGikaen'Oropas, -'kaenGra-

-d

pitfall 'pitjfal l-ed

j

pas

Pippa 'pipa

[-'s

-iz

pippin 'pipin

pitiable 'pitiabl [-bly -bli

pipsissewa pip'sisawa

pitiful 'pitifal [-ly -i

Piqua 'pikwa

Pitkin 'pitkin

piquancy 'pikansi [-quant -kant

pitman, P- 'pitman [pitmen 'pitman

|-s

-z [-s's -ziz

pique 'anger' pik [piqued pikt

pittance 'pitns

pique insect pik, 'pike

pitter-patter 'pita^^paeta^;

pique pi'ke

Pittsboro 'pitsjbyo,

piquet pi'kEt

[-s

-iz

-a;

ES 'pitajpaetaCr ES -jbsr-, -jbAr-,

-iby-

Piraeus pai'rias

ES

Pittsburg, -gh 'pitsbyg;

piracy 'pairasi |-'s

-bag, -byg

Pittsylvania jpitsl'venja, -ma, -sil-

-iz

Pirandello jpiran'delo {It jpiran'dello)

pituitary pi'tjuajteri, -'tiu-, -'tu-

pirate 'pairat, -rit [-d -id

pity

piratic pai'raetik [-al -1 [-ally

Pirithous pai'riGuss, Shak.

+ ^paiii,Qus

\-'&

-iz

-iz

|-al -I

[-ally -li

(pevet 1763)

pirouette ;piru'8t [-d -id

pix piks [pixes 'piksiz jpixed pikst

Pisa 'piz3 {It 'pi:sa)

pixilate 'piksl^et |-ed -id

Pisanio pi'zanijO, -njo pis'kaetakwa,

[-'s

Piute pai'jut ('Pi^ute 'language) pivot 'pivat, 'pivit |-ed -id

pirogue pa'rog, pi-

Piscataqua

'piti [pitied 'pitid

Pius 'paias

-li, -ikli

loc

+ ^kwe

|-quis

-kwis [-quog -jkwag, -jkwog

pixy, -ie 'piksi

Pizarro pi'zaro {Sp pi'Oarra)

piscatology jpiska'taladsi; ES+-'tDl-

placable 'plekabl, 'plaek- |-bly -bli

piscatorial jpiska'torial, -'tar-; S -'tor-

placard n 'plsekard;

Pisces 'pisiz \gen Pisciura 'pi/iam

placard

v

E + -a:d;

piscina pi'saina [piscinal 'pisinl

ES

'plaekard,

-a:d,

E+-a:d

pl«'kard;

ES

-a:d,

|-ed -id

Pisgah 'pizga

placate 'pleket, 'plaek- j-d -id

pish n, V pij [pishes 'pi/iz [pished pi/t

placatory 'pleka^tori, 'plaek-, -/tan; S -,ton

pish intj pX, pif Pisistratus pi'sistratas, pai-

place pies [places 'plesiz [placed plest

[full

|-'s

placebo pla'sibo

-iz

ful jtooth tuG [further 'fySa^;

ES

'fstSa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

Pleiad

332

placenta placenta pla'senta

|-s

plasticity plaes'tisati

-z |-tae -ti

placer ^disposer' 'plesa^;

plat plaet Iplatted 'plastid

placer mining 'plaesa^;

ES 'ples3(r ES 'plaes3(r

Plata 'plata {Sp 'plata)

Vl3es9(r; |-ville -jvil

plate plet |plated 'pletid

ES

Placer 'pl^sa^J

placid, P- 'plaesid |-ity pb'sidati, plae-

plateau plae'to

placket 'plaekit

platen 'plaetn plater 'pleta^;

plagiarism 'pledsajtizam plagiarize 'pledsa^raiz

pkg

plague pleg,

[-d

|-s

-iz |-d

-d |-guy

ES

|-ful -jful

'plct3(r

ES

platform 'p^aet/fDrm;

-d

see plait, pleat

-^foam; |-ed -d

platinum 'plaetnam |-tinous -tnas

-i

plagued adj 'plegid, 'pkg-

platitude 'plaetajtjud, -jtiud, -jtud

plaice pies [plaices 'p'esiz

platitudinous jplaeta'tjudnas, -'tiud-, -'tud-

plaid plaed |plaided 'p'aedid

Plato 'pleto -nism 'pletn^izam

plain plen plained plend |-ness 'plerinis

Platonic ple'tanik, pla-;

plainsman 'plenzman |-men -man

-1

platoon plae'tun, pb'tun

'plen'spokan

('plain-jspoken

'man)

Platte plaet

ES

platter 'plaeta^;

'plaetaCr

Plattsburg 'plaetsbyg;

plaint plent

ES

-bsg, -byg

Plattsmouth 'plaetsmaO

plaintive 'plentiv

plaintiff 'plentif

|-al

|-ally -li, -ikli

plainsong 'pl^O/Sag, -ysog

plain-spoken

|-nist -tnist

ES + -'tDn-;

|

platypus 'plaetapas

Plaisance pla'zans {Fr pk'za:s) plaister 'plesta^;

ES

plait plet |-ed -id

and

plaet,

piit,

see plat, pleat.

are

plet

The words

sometimes spelt

a proper spelling for each.

plait, but there is

plan plaen [planned plaend planchet

j-es -iz j-pi -jpai

plaudit 'pbdit

'plest3(r

plausibihty jpbza'bibti plausible 'pbzabl |-bly -bli

Plautus 'pbtas

-iz |-tine -tain, -tin

|-'s

play pie |played pled |-boy -jboi |-day -jde

'p'aentjit

1

-fellow 'ple^fslo, -a [-ground -jgraund

planchette plaen'tX£t {Fr pla'Jet)

playful 'plefal

Planck plagk

playhouse 'plcihaus

plane plen planed plend

plaything 'pkiOig |-time 'pleitaim

|

playwright

planet 'plasnit |-ary 'plaen3it£ri

planetarium jplaena'tEriam

-'taer-,

-'ter-

|-s

|-s

-ziz |-mate 'ple^met

'ple^rait

plaza 'plaeza, 'plaza {Sp 'plaGa) plea

-z |-ria -ri3

|-ly -i

pli

planetesimal jplaeno't2S3mj

pleach

plangency 'plaendsansi |-gent -dsant plank plaegk |planked plaegkt

plead plid [pleaded 'p^idid or plead, pled

pleasance 'pkzns |-sant -znt [-santry -zntri

plankton 'plaegktan

please pliz [pleases 'pliziz pleased plizd

Piano 'pleno plant plaent;

plitj"

[pleaches 'plitjiz [-ed

plant; ]-ed -id

pleasure 'pkja^;

ES

pleat plit [-ed -id

pkb

'ple3a(r; j-d -d

see plat, plait

plantain 'plaentin

pleb

plantation plaen'te/an; S+plasnt'eJan

plebeian ph'bian [-ism -;izam

plantigrade 'pl^nta^gred

plebiscite 'pkba^sait, 'pkbasit

plaque plaek

plebs

plash plaej plashes 'p'ae/iz plashed plae/t |

V'^sta^;

ES

'pl*st3(r,

-ed -d |-ing -trig, -tang

plastic 'plasstik |-ally -li, -ikli

Key:

P-

'plaesta^sin

[plebes 'plibiz

E

pkd pledge pkds

j-s

-z j-tra -tra

E + 'plas-,

[pledges 'pkdsiz [pledged

pkdsd

pledget 'pkdjit

pledgee pkds'i Pleiad 'pliad, 'plaiad

|-s

-z |-ades -a^diz

bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang sag [angry 'aeg-gri baO (§10) [ah a [far far [watch watj", wotj (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards |go go

See in full §§3~47.

[bath bieS;

pkbz

plectrum 'pkktram pled

|

plasticine,

[plebe plib

|

plasm Vlaezam plasma 'plaezma 'plus-;

pkd

pleasurable 'pksrabl, -sarabi j-bly -bli

E + plant,

Plantagenet plaen'taedsanit

plaster

-t

Pocono

333

pleiosyllabic

Plumptre 'pUmptri

pleiosyllabic /plaiasi'laebik

plumule 'plun'JuU 'pbum'plumi, 'pbumi

pleiosyllable plurisyllable' 'plaiajSilabl '

Pleistocene 'pl^istajsin

plumy

plenary

plunder

'plinari, 'pl^n-

'pl^nda-;

ES

-d3(r;

pknds [plunges 'pl^ndsiz pUgk [plunked pkgkt

plenitude 'plena^tjud, -jtiud, -^tud

plunge

plenteous V^ntias

plunk

plentiful 'plentifal |-ly -i

Plunkett 'pkgkit

plenty 'pknti

pluperfect plu'ps^fikt, pbu-;

plenum 'plinam

|-s

pleonasm ^plhitisezam

-'paf-, -V^'f-;

plural 'plural, 'pliu- j-ly -i

-ikh

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

plethora 'pk^^rs

pbu-

plurality plu'raekti,

plurisyllabic jplurasi'laebik, ^pbu-

plethoric 'pkOarik, pk'earik, -'Gar-, -'Gorplethorical pk'GonkI, -'Gar-, -'Gor-

pleura 'plura, 'pliura plexus 'pleksas

ES

-d

|-d

Cplujperfect 'tense)

-z |-na -na

pleonastic jplia'naestik

-d |-ing

|-ed

'pkndrig, 'p'^ndarig

plenipotentiary jplenapa'tenfan, -/ij£n

|-1 -1

|-es -iz

plurisyllable 'plurajSikbl, 'phu-

pks [plusses 'pksiz [plussed pkst pk/ [plushes 'pkjiz [plushed pk/t Plutarch 'plutark, 'pbu-; ES -ta:k, E + -ta:k plus

|-ly -i

plush

|-risy -rasi

\L pi -xus -ksas

pliability jplaia'bibti

Pluto 'pluto, 'pbu-

phable 'plaiabj |-bly

plutocracy plu'takrasi, pbu-; ES+-'tDk-

phancy

-bli

plutocrat 'plut3jkraet, 'phu-

'plaiansi |phant 'p'^iant

plutocratic jpluta'kraetik, ^pbu-

plicate 'p'aiket |-d -id

pUed plaid pHers 'pkia'z; plies

ES

Plutonian plu'tonian, pbu-

^plsa-sz

pkiz

plutonic plu'tamk; ES+-'tDn-

plight plait Iphghted 'plaitid

Plutus 'plutas, 'pbu-

Plinlimmon plin'liman pHnth phnG |-ths -Gs

pluvial 'pluvial, 'pliu-

Pliny

'plini |Plinian

[-'s

t3(r,

ply pki [phed plaid

Plymouth 'pbmaG PlynUmon pbn'bman plywood 'pkijwud

-t

plosion 'plo33n |-sive -siv

ES+plot;

plover 'plAva';

ES

- Je9(r,

ES

- Jae3(r

ploy pbi ployed pbid

pkk [plucked pkkt pkg Iplugged pkgd

pneumococcus ES+-'kDk-;

^njuma'kakas, j-cci

[-ally

-b.

^niu-,

^nu-;

-ksai

pneumonia nju'monja, Po po

plugugly ipkgjAgh

^niu-, juu-

niu-, nu-,

-ma

poach potj [poaches 'pot/iz [poached pot/t Pocahontas jpoka'hantas, -'hon- |-'s -iz

plum, P- pkin

plumage ^lumidg, 'pbum- |-s -iz |-d -d Plumas 'plumas, 'pliumas |-'s -iz plumb pkm [plumbed pkmd j-er -3^; ES plumbago plAm'bego plume plum, plium |-d -d |-d adj -d, -id plumelet 'plumbt, 'phum-

plummet 'pkniit |-ed -id plump pkmp [plumped pkmpt ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytfa^;

-az

[-ers -a^z;

pneumogastric jnjuma'gaestrik,

1

[full

ES

-'ama-

-ikb

pluck plug

ES

pneumatic nju'maetik, niu-, nu-

|-ted -id

'pUv3(r

plow, -ough plau |-ed -d |-share -Jer, -jjaer;

E

^pliu-;

-'om-

Pliocene V^i^i^in

plop plap; ES+plnp; |-ped

-iz

pluviometer jpluvi'amata^,

'pbnian

plod plad; ES+plod; |-ded -id

plot plat;

[-al -1 [-ally

-b, -ikb

ES

Pocatello jpoka'telo

pock pak; ES+pok; -3(r

pocket 'pakit;

[-ed -t

ES + 'pok-;

-jbuk [-knife -^naif

-id

|-ed

j-book

[-ful -jful

pockmark 'pak^mark; ES 'pak^mark, E + -jma:k Pocomoke 'poka^mok Pocono 'poka,no

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while bwail [how

bau

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

'pok-.

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

polygamy

334

pod Those words below in which the a soufid

pod pad |-ded podgy 'pad3i

is spell

o are often pronounced with

polemic po'lemik

-id

d in

polestar 'pol^star;

podium 'podiam Poe po

police pa'lis

|-dia -dia

|-s

ES

E + -jSta:(r

-jsta:(r,

-iz |-d -t |-man,

poem

'pO'"n> -^i"

poliomyelitis ^pabo^maia'laitis

'po'isi, -asi, -zi

polish 'pabj

'po-it, -at |-ry -ri

Polish 'pohj"

ES

'po-it^aesta', -at-;

poetic po'etik

|-s

Pogram 'po^r^ni pogrom 'pogram,

politic 'pala^tik |-s -s |-ian ^pala'tijan

political pa'htikl |-ly -i, -ikli

-iz |-d -d

politico pa'litijko

'pag-,

po'gram.

'po^-j

polity 'palati

Polixenes pa'bksa^niz

-'grom

poh po

Polk pok;

poi p3i, 'po'i

polka

Poincare Fr pw«ka're

NEngd+^p'6-

'poka;

(§46);

Poll, p- 'Folly' pa!

in

-iz;

(f/(5)

polkadot 'poka^dat

poilu 'pwalu, poi'lu {Fr pwa'ly)

|-'s

'polka,

-iz

|-'s

NEngd+p6k

l-ed -d

poignancy 'pamansi, -njansi j-ant -ant

{spelt

|-es -iz |-ed -t

polite pa'lait

-jaest3(r

|-al -j |-ally -|i, -ikli

poetize 'po-it^aiz

Poins painz

-men -man

policy 'palasi |-cied -sid

poesy

poetaster

and S

polenta po'knta

podiatry po'daiatn

poet

E

-h, -ikli

|-al -1 |-ally

Shak prob.

j

)aints

poll adj 'polled' pol poll 'head,' 'cut,' 'vote' pol ]-ed -d

Pointz)

poinsettia, P- pain'sstia

pollack 'palak

point paint [pointed 'p^mtid

pollard,

point-blank 'paint'blaegk ('point-^blank 'aim)

pollen 'palan |-ed -d

Point Pelee

pollinate 'pala^net |-d -id |-tion jpala'nejan

P-

'pala^d;

ES

'palad; |-ed -id

'

'paint'pili

polliwog 'palijWQg, -jWDg

poise paiz poises 'paiziz poised paizd |

poison 'paizn |-ed -d |-ing

pollock, P- 'palak

-znig

'p^i^nit),

pollute pa'lut, -'but |-d -id

poisonous 'p^iznas, 'p^iznas Poitiers

ES

pai'tirz;

-'tiaz;

-iz

|-'s

{Fr

pollution pa'lujan, -'Iiu/an

Pollux 'palaks

pwa'tje)

|-'s

-iz

Poitou pai'tu (Fr pwa'tu)

Polly 'pab |-anna jpab'aena

poke pok Ipoked pokt Ipoky, -key poki; \NEngd + p6k (§46) pokeberry 'pokjbEri, -ban; NEngd-\ 'pak-

poll3rvvog

'pabjwag, -jwog

polo, P- 'polo

polonaise ^pola'nez, jpala-

poker 'poka^;

ES

-ka(r; |-ing 'pokariij. -krig;

Polonius pa'lonias, -njas

|-'s

NEngd+^p6]i-{§46) Polack 'polaek, -lak

poltroon pal'trun |-ery -an,

polack, -lak 'balsa' po'lak

Polybius pa'bbias

Poland 'poland polar

-iz |-d -d

|-s

polonium pa'loniam

(§46)

'pola^;

ES

Polaris po'kris,

-iz

-ri

polyandrous jpab'aendras |-dry

|-er -landa-, -laen-;

ES

-

a(r

|-'s

Polycarp 'pab^korp;

ES

-jka:p, E-t--/ka:p

'pola(r; |-ity po'laerati

potychromatic ,palikro'mietik

-'laer-, -'ler-

polychrome 'pab^krom Polycrates pa'bkra^tiz

polariscope po'laera^skop

polarize 'pobjraiz

|-s

-iz |-d

-d

|-d |-'s

-iz

Polydore 'pak^dor, -;dar;

polarization ;polara'zeJan, -ai'z-

-dri, 'pab^jen-

-iz

ES

-jdoa(r,

Pole surname pol, pul; 'Polander' pol

Polydorus ;pali'doras, -'dar-; S -'dor-;

pole pol

polygamy

|-d

-d |-ax(e) -^aeks |-axes -^aek SIZ

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

E

pa'bgami

|-mous

-mas

|-'s

-iz

|-mist

-mist

polecat 'pol;kaet

Key;

E-t-

-jdaa(r

-d

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

(§6) |rate ret

far [watch wat/,

wot/

Ij-et jet

|sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri

(§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gardj [go go

poplin

335

polyglot Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

polygon 'paliigan

E

o are often pronounced with d in

and S

pompous 'pampas pomposity pam'pasati

polyglot 'palijglat |-al

Ponce 'ponse Ponce de Leon 'pansda'lian(5^ 'paneeSele'an) poncho 'pant/o pond pand, pnnd, pand

pa'hganl

polygyny pa'hdsam polyhedron jpali'hidran i-dral -dral Polyhymnia jpah'himnia

ES

polymer 'palima^;

-m3(r;

|-e

-j

mir;

ES

ponder

ES

'pamla^;

-da(r;

-d

|-ed

|-ing

'pandrig, 'pandarig

-jmi3(r

ponderable 'pandarabl, 'pandra- |-rous -ras

polymeric jpali'm8rik polymerize 'palimajraiz, pa 'limaPolynesia jpab'ni/a, -33

|-s

iz|-d-d

-n

|-n

pone ^corn bread' pen pone L V 'poni pongee pan'dsi ('pon^gee

polyp 'polip

polyped 'pahjped

Polyphemus

jpali'fimas

polyphonic jpali'fanik |-ny pa'hfani

polypus 'palapas polysyllabic

-'nor-

Pons, Lily 'hk'panz {S Fr

-pi -jpai |-'s -iz

jpabsiUasbik

|-al

'silk)

'panjad; j-ed -id

pons asinorum 'panzjaesi'noram, -'nar-; S

-iz

|-'s

ES

poniard 'panja^d;

-sal jpali'fezl

'pflij^ez

Pondichery

{Fr

jpandi'tjEri

podije'ri)

polynomial jpali'nomial

polyphase

Pondicherry

-1

|-ally

-li.

-ikh

lili'po:ns) |-'s -iz

Pontchar train 'pantja^^tren;

ES

'pantja-

Pontefract 'pAmfrit, 'pam-, 'panti^fraekt

polysyllabism jpab^silajbizam

Pontiac 'panti^aek

polysyllable 'pol^iSilabj

pontifex, P- 'pantajfeks [-fices pan'tifajsiz

polytechnic, P- jpala'teknik

|-al -1

pontiff 'pantif

polytheism ^pabGijizam polytheistic ^pabOi'istik

pontifical pan'tifikl |-ly -1 |-cate -kit, -jket |-al -1 [-ally

-h, -ikb

pontifices pan'tifa^siz

Polyxena ps'liksina

Pontius 'pant/as, -njas, -ntias

pomace 'pAmis, -as |-ous po'mejas pomade po'med, -'mad

pontoon pan'tun

Pontus 'pantas 'pAniigraenit, 'pam-, pAm'graen-,

pam-

Pomeroy

|-n

pooh pu, pu

-n

|-'s

-iz

pony 'pom [ponied 'pomd poodle 'pudl

Pomerania jpamaVema Pomerene ^i^aai^^rm

-iz

Pontotoc jpanta'tak

pome pom pomegranite

|-'s

|-ed -d ('pon^toon 'bridge)

|-d

-d |-hng 'pudlig, 'pudlig

b' various other breath

pufs

Pooh-Bah ^pu'ba pooh-pooh 'pu'pu, 'pujpu

'pamajtai, 'p^ma-, -mrai

|-ed -d

Pomfret 'pAmfrit, 'pompommel n 'pAml, 'paml |-ed -d

pool pul |-ed -d |-room 'pul^rum, -^rum

pommel

poor pur;

poop pup pooped pupt 1

v

'pAml -ed -d

|-ing 'pAmlig, 'pArahij

pomology po'maladsi Pomona pa'mona pomp pamp |pomped pampt pompadour, P- 'pampa,dor, -jdar-, -jdoa(r, -jdua(r,

ES

pua(r, poa(r, paa(r

/fa:m, 'poa-, 'paa-,

dur;

ES

E + -jdaa(r

ES

poorhouse 'pur^haus;

'pua-, 'poa-, 'paa-

|-ses -ziz

pop pap popped papt

Pompey 'pampi pompon 'pampan

poplar 'papla';

pope, P- pop

|-ry

ES

|-corn -^karn;

-an,

-jkaan

-ri |-pish -ij

popgun 'papjgAn |-gunned -jgAnd Popilius po'pihas, -Ijas

|-'s

-iz

popinjay 'papiiijdse

ES

'papla(r

poplin 'paplin |-ette jpapho'et

{Fr po'po)

ful Itooth tuG [further

'pua-

E + -jfa:m

poor farm 'bad farm' acct 'poor 'farm -

pompano, P- 'pampa^no Pompei It province pam'pe-i {It pom'peri) Pompeian pam'pean, -'pian Pompeii anc. city pam'pc'i, -'pe, 'pampi^ai Pompeius pam'pias |-'s -iz

|full

ES

poor-farm 'poorhouse' 'pur jf arm;

'fa'tJa^;

ES

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

Those words below in which the a sound

is spelt

Popocatepetl jpopa'kaeta/petl, pOjpoka'tepatl

— Whatever

the Aztec, the first pron. is well

A

established.

— 'What

learned colleague once rimed:

home without a

is

Popocat- without a

'pc'P^';

poppet 'pcpit

ES

o are often pronounced with

portcullis

port'kAlis,

paat-; |-es -iz |-ed

Porte port, part;

ES

E

n in

ES

part-;

S

and

poat-,

E+

-t

E+paat

poat,

ES

portend por'tEnd, par-;

kettle?

E+paa-;

poa-,

|-ed -id

-petl.'

popover 'papjova'; ES -jOV3(r popper

Portugal

336

Popocatepetl

ES

portent 'portent, 'par-;

portentous por'tentas, par-;

'pcip9(r

porter,

|-ed -id

P-

'par-;

'porta^,

E + 'paaE + paa-

'poa-,

ES ES

poa-,

'poata(r,

E-t-

'paata(r; |-ed -d

popple, P- 'p"p!

porterhouse

poppy 'papi poppied 'papid poppycock 'papijkak

ES

'porta' jhaus, 'par-;

'poata-,

E+

I

populace-'papjalis, -las

popular

^papjala^;

'steak'

-iz

|-'s

ES

'paata-; \pl -houses 'liquor-house' -yhauziz,

-l3(r;

ipapja-

|-ity

popularize 'papjala^raiz

population jpapja'lefan

poat-,

'poat-,

E + 'paatES

E+paat-

ES

portico 'portijko, 'par-;

|-es -iz

portiere jporti'er, ipar-;

ES 'poa-, E + 'paaES 'poa-, E + 'paa-;

l-ed -d

-'p03-, 'p33-

porch portj,

ES

Portia 'por/a, 'par-, -Jia;

Populist 'papjahst

partj";

ES poatj", E+paatJ;

jpoa-,

E + ,paa-;

'poa-,

E + 'paa-;

ES

{Fr par'tJ£:r)

|-ed -t

porcine 'parsain, -sin;

ES

portion 'por/an, 'par-;

'paa-

porcupine, P- 'p^rkjajpam;

ES

'poak-; |-d -d

ES poa(r, E+paa(r; |-d -d ES 'p^s^si pork pork, park; ES poak, E+paak pornographic jparna'gr^efik; ES jpaanapornography par'nagrafi, -'nog-; ES pa'nporgy 'p3rd3i;

porpoise 'p^rpas;

ES

port port, part;

portmanteau port'masnto,

'p^apas;

poat-,

ES

^poata-,

ES

'poata-,

Porto Bello ^porta'belo, ^parta-;

-iz

|-s

|-s

-iz |-d

ES ES 'paaES poat, E+paat;

E + jpaata-;

-d

-dsaCr

{A}n

Sp

jparto'fJejo)

Porto Rico /porta'riko, ^parta-;

ES

jpoata-,

E+jpaata-; |-can -kan |-ed -id

portrait 'portret, 'par-, -trit;

ES

'poa-,

E+

'paa-

^porta'bilati,

^par-;

ES

jpoata-,

portraiture 'portritJV, 'par-;

ES

'poatrit/aCr,

E + 'paa-

portage, P- 'portids, 'par-;

ES

'poa-,

E+

-iz |-d -d

'portj,

'parti;

portray por'tre, par-; -d

ES

E + 'paa-;

'poatl,

1-ed -d

ES

poa-,

E+paa-;

|-ed

|-al -al

Port Said port'sed, part-, -'said, -sa'id;

E+paatPortsmouth 'portsmaG,

ES

poat-,

Port Angeles port'aendsalas, part-,

-^liz;

ES

E + pat-

E + jpaat-;

ES

jpoat-,

(Fr parto'pr«:s)

See in full §§3~47.

E

'parts-;

ES

'poats-,

E + 'paats-

Port-au-Prince ,porto'prins, jpart-;

|bath baeO;

E+

E + jpaata-

E+ipaata|-s

ES

part-;

Portobello yporta'belo, ,parta-;

|-able -abl |-bly -bli

portability

'poat-,

E + paat-

porringer 'parmdja^, 'per-' 'por-;

Porsena 'parsina;

ES

'part-;

poat-

-iz

|-'s

'paat-

'p^s-

porridge V^rids, 'par-, 'por-

ES

part-;

E + paat-;

Portland 'portland,

porous 'porss, 'p^r^s; S 'por^s

ES

port'ds^vis,

'dssvis, -'ds^v-,

porosity po'rasati, pa-; S po-

porphyry, P- 'parfari;

ES

1-ed -d |-ing -Janig, -Jnig

Port Jervis

pore por, par;

Key:

ES

-Ijo;

Port Huron port'hjuran, part-, -'hiu-; poat-,

porcelain 'porskn, 'p^r-, -slin, -an, -sljcn;

poat,

part-,

porthole 'portjhol, 'part-;

-iz |-d -d

|-s

populate 'p'^pjajet |-lated -Jetid |-lous -las

portal

port'folijO,

E+ pat-

'laerati

'paa-;

-jhausiz

portfolio

ES

'poa-,

E + 'paa-;

|-guese -jgiz

bee bi

baG (§10) |ah a

Portugal 'portjagl, 'par-;

|far

Ipitj^ 'piti

(§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang s^eg |angry 'a2rcgri

far |watch watj,

wot/

(§12) |ja\v dsa |gorge gards |go go

Those words below in which the a sound portulaca

Pottstown

337

portulaca

jport/a'laeka,

E + ip33-;

|P-

ES

ipar-;

is spelt

/poa-,

E and S

o are often pronounced ivith d in

postscript 'pos-skript, 'post- |-ed -id

postulant 'pastjalant

-Ueka

postulate n 'pastjalit,

pose poz poses 'poziz posed pozd

-jlet

|

I

postulate V 'pastXa^let |-lated -jletid

Poseidon po'saidn, pa-

postulation jpast/a'le/an

Posey ipozi

ES

poseur po'zy;

{Fr po'zoerr)

-'z3(r, -'zy;

position pa'zi/an |-ed -d

j-al -1,

^placing' po-

positive 'pazativ, -ztiv |-d -d |-vism -jizam -ztiv-,

'p«z3tivli,

positively

posture 'pastJV;

posy

posit 'pczit |-ed -id

emph.

cocas.

ES

-t/aCr; |-d -d

'pozi

pot pat potted 'patid I

potable 'potabi

potash 'pat^aej

|-es -iz [-ed -t

potassium pa'taesiam

ipaza'tivli

posse 'pasi |-man

potation po'tefan

-man |-men -man

potato pa'teto, -a

posse comitatus 'pcsiikami'tetas possess pa'zES

|-es -iz |-ed -t |-edly -idli |-al -1

possession pa'zejan |-ed -d |-ive -siv

ES

possessor p3'z2S3^;

Potawatomi, -ami jpata'watami, -'wotpotbelly 'patjbeli |-ied -d

posset 'posit |-ed -id

potboy

possibility jpasa'bibti

Poteat

possible 'pasabl |-bly -bli

poteen po'tin, pa-

possum 'pasam

I-al -\

-jbaila(r

'patjbai po'tit

potence 'potns

|-ed -d

post post posted 'postid |-age -ids

ES

potboiler 'pat^boila^;

-'zes3(r; |-y -i

|-cy -i |-tent -tnt

potentate 'potn^tet

I

potential pa'tenjal

post-chaise n 'postj/ez

|-s

-iz

post-chaise v jpost'/ez

|-s

-iz |-d

potheen

postdate jpost'det -dated -'detid |

posterior pas'tiria^;

ES

ES

ES

-jsb, -i^b, -jlisb,

-jhyb

-tan

postgraduate post'graedsuit, pos'g-,

-jCt

potholder 'pat^holda^;

ES

-jholda(r

posthaste 'post'hest ('post-haste 'journey)

pothole 'patjhol |-hook -^huk

posthumous 'past/umas Posthumus post'hjumas,

pothouse 'patjhaus

postilion,

-11-

po'stiljan,

-'hiu-

j-'s

|-ses -ziz

ES

Potiphar

postman 'postman |-men -man postmark 'post^mark; ES -jma:k, E+-jma:k;

potlatch, P- 'patjlaetj

'patafa^;

ES

-^maes-

ES

-Jika(r

potluck 'patjUk, 'pat'Uk

postmistress 'post^mistris, 'pos^m-

post'martam;

US

Potosi Bol jpoto'si;

postmeridian jpostma'ndian [-es -iz

ES -'maatam;

pa'tosi

potpie 'patjpai

potpourri pat'puri {Fr popu'ri)

Potsdam 'pats^daem

|-ed -d

postnatal post'net|

potsherd 'pat^/yd;

post-obit post'obit, -'ab-

pottage 'patids

ES

ES

'pata(r; |-ed -d |-y -i

potter 'patas

postpone post'pon, pos'p- |-poned -'pond

pottle 'patl |-d -d

postprandial post'praendial

Pottstown 'patSjtaun

|-ly -i

ful |tooth tuG Ifurther 'fytJa^;

ES

-i/sd, -jjyd

Pottawattamie, -wato- ^pata'watami, -'wnt-

-iiai- |-s -iz

postpaid 'post'ped, 'pos'p- ('post;paid 'parcel)

|ful]

ES

-jlika(r

Potomac pa'tomak

E-h-jmas-, -^mas-

post-office 'postpfis, -iDf-,

'patafa(r |-es -iz ]-ed -t

potlicker, -likk- 'patjhka^;

pot-liquor 'pat^hka';

|-ed -t

post-mortem

-jhAnta(r

potion 'pojan |-ed -d

pa- 1-ed -d

postmaster 'post^maesta^, 'pos^m-;

ES

pothunter 'pat^hAnta*;

-iz

postlude 'postjlud, -^Iiud

ta(r,

-'amata(r

'paSaCr; |-ed -d

potherb 'pat^yb, -^hyb;

ES

ES

po'tin, pa-

pother 'paSa^;

-'tiri'3(r

posterity pas'terati

postern 'posta^n, 'pas-;

|-ly -i |-ity -^tenji'aelati

potentiometer pajtenji'amata*;

-d

j-ville -vil;

'fsSa [custom 'kAStam [while hwail [how

S + -vl

hau

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep

|toy toi

'em

'kipip

— pouch pouch

precentor

338 pautj

[pouches

|pouched

'pautjiz

pautjt

pouf puf

Prague preg, prag {Czech 'praba, Ger prak) The hybrid pronunciation prag is now accepted beside preg.

Poughkeepsie pa'kipsi

prairie 'pren, 'preri

poult polt

Prairie

poulterer 'poltara'; poultice 'poltis

ES

du Chien

jprErida'/in, jpren-

praise prez [praises 'preziz praised prezd

^poltaraCr

|

|-s -iz |-

d

Poultney 'poltm

Prakrit 'prakrit

poultry 'poltri

praline 'pralin; S + 'pra-

pounce pauns

-^wySi

-;W3'5i,

pram praem, 'praam' pram

|-s -iz |-d -t

pound paund [pounded 'paundid pound-foolish

ES

praiseworthy 'prez^wytii ;

-t

'p^und'fuhj"

|-cake

- ,kek

('pound-^foolish

prance prasns; E+prans, prans; prandial 'praendial

|-s

-iz j-d -t

|-ly -i

prank pr£egk pranked, prankt praegkt

'act)

|

Pounds paundz, paunz

prate pret prated 'pretid

-iz

|-'s

|

pour por, par, pur;

ES

E+poaCr;

po3(r, pu9(r,

pratique prae'tik, 'praetik {Fr pra'tik)

Pratt praet

l-ed -d

pourboire

'pur^bwar;

ES

'pu3jbwa:(r;

{Fr

prattle 'praetl |-d -d l-Hng 'praetbg, -tlig

prawn pran

pur'bwa:r) pourparler, -ley pur'parli;

ES

pv9^pa:h; l-ed

Praxiteles praeks'it}Jz

[-'s

-iz

pray pre prayed pred prayer 'petition' prer, praer;

-d {Fr purpar'le)

]

pou sto 'pu'sto pout paut Ipouted 'pautid poverty

'pava^ti;

ES

prayer 'supplicant'

'pavati, 'pov-

Pow pau

'pre-a^;

ES

prayer-rug 'prer^rAg, 'praer-;

powder 'pauda^; ES 'paudrig, 'paudang

-d3(r;

-d

[-ed

-ing

ES

ES

pr£a(r,

'pre-a(r

E

ES

'prsa^rAg,

'praea-

pre- prefix, stressed 'pri-, /pri-, 'pr£-, jprt-;

Powell 'paual \Bade7t-F-, F. York P- 'poal power, P- 'paua^;

E

praeafr

'pau'3(r; |-ed -d l-ful

iinstr. pri-, pra-, pri-.

only pri-

is

understood that

-fal l-fully -fall, -fh

For

the unstr.,

given in the vocab.,

many

is

it

when to

be

speakers, both British

Poweshiek jpaua'/ik

and American, use pra- as in propose

Powhatan

pra'poz, or pri- as in precede pri'sid.

Pownal,

jpaua'taen

-11

powwow 'paujwau Powys

'po'is

speakers of unquestioned cidtivation.

[-ed -d

preach pritj

|-'s -IZ

\-es -iz |-ed -t |-er -3-;

pox paks; ES+poks

preachify 'prit/a,fai

praam pram

preamble 'priaembl, pri'aembl

practicable Vaektikabi |-bly -bli

prearrange jpria'rend5

|-ly -i, 'virtually'

-ikb

|-s

ES

-n3(r

Praed pred

|-s

prebend 'preband [-ary

precaution pri'kajan

pri'bendl

|-al -1 |-ary

-fin |-tious

-/as

precede pri'sid, pn-

praefect 'prifekt

precedence pri'sidns, 'presadans

'prita^

;

ES

]-d -id

precedent adj pri'sidnt

pragmatic praeg'maetik

precedent

-al -1 |-ally -li, - ikh

pragmatism 'praegmajtizam See in ftdl §§3~47.

E

|-s

-iz |-cy -i

precedent n 'presadant

'pritaCr

praetorian pri'torian, -'tar-; S -'tor-

|bath baeO;

-d |-ling

-iz |-d -d

-^eri |-al

praedial 'pridial |-ity jpridi'aelati

Key:

|-d

precarious pri'kerias, -'kaer-, -'ker-

-iz |-d -t

practitioner praek'tifana^, -Jna^;

praetor

-a(r

Preble 'prebl

practicality jpraekti'kaebti practice, i)+-tise 'praektis

ES

j-fied -jfaid

-bhg, -blig

practicabihty jpraektika'bibti

practical 'praektikl

The

pron. p»- is also not infrequently heard from

'paunl

bee bi |pity

bae (§10) |ah a

[far

v 'prEsajdent |-ed -id

precentor pri'senta^;

[-tist -tist

'piti

ES

-'s£nta(r

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri

far |watch wat/,

wntj

(§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gardj |go go

pre-judicial

339

precept

predetermine jpridi'tymin;

precept 'prisept 1-ed -id preceptive pri'ssptiv

ES

|-tor -ta^;

preceptress pri'septris

preceptual pri'sept/ual

-'tsm-, -'ts-m-;

predial 'pridial |-ity jpridi'aelati

|-es -iz

predicable 'predikabl |-bly -bk

|-ly -i

predicament

|-al -1

precession pri'se/an, pri-

ES

l-d-d

-t3(r

pri'dikamant

ES+-'ds-

preciosity jpreji'ttsati, ^presi-;

predicate n, adj 'predikit, -at

predicate v 'predi^ket |-d -id

precious 'prejas precipice 'p'^sapis

predication jpredi'kejan |-tive 'pr£di,ketiv

|-s -iz |-d -t

precipitance pri'sipatans |-cy

|-tant -tant

-i

precipitate n, adj pri'sipajtet,

predict pri'dikt |-ed -id |-ction -kjan

predigestjprida'dsEst, -dai- |-ed -id

-tit

precipitate v pri'sipajtet |-tated -jtetid

predilection ^pridl'ek/an, ^pred-

precipitation prijSipa'teJan

predispose ipridis'poz

precipitous pri'sipatas

predisposition jpridispa'ai/an

precis

precis

n

pre'si, 'presi {Fr pre'si) \pl precis -z

v

pre'sid

pre'si

—

[precised

pre'siz

|precises

ace/ + 'precis

precise pri'sais

pri^dika-

|-al

'ment}

precinct 'prisigkt

|-s

-iz |-d -d

|-s

dly

1-cy -I |-nant -nant

ES + -'dDm-;

predomination prijdama'nej'an; ES-h-jdom-

|-ist -ist

precision pri'sisan

pre-eminence pri'smanans |-cy

preclinical pri'klinikj

pre-empt pri'empt

-i

|-nent -nant

|-ed -id |-ption

-pjan

preen prin preened prind

|-d -id

|

preclusion pri'klusan, -'kliu- [-sive -siv

pre-exist ^priig'zist |-ed -id |-ence -ans

precocious pn'ko/as

preface 'prefis, -as

precocity pri'kasati; ES+-'kDS-

prefatorial jprefa 'tonal, -'tar-; S -'tor-

preconceive jprikan'siv

prefatory 'prefajtori, -^tan; S -jtori

-d

preconception jprikan'sep/an preconcert n pri'kansyt,

ES

-'kansst,

ES

-'s3t, -'syt; |-ed

ES

prefecture 'prifskt/a'; prefer pri'fy;

v ^prikan'syt;

|-s -iz |-d -t

prefect 'prlfekt

-sa^t;

-'kon-, -syt, -sat

preconcert

ES

-fekt/aCr

-'f3(r, -'fy; |-red

-d

preferability ^prefara'bilati

preferable 'prefrabj, 'pr£fara- |-bly -bli

-id

precontract n pri'kantraekt; ES+-'kDn-

preference 'prefrans, 'prefarans

precontract

preferential jprefa'tEnJal |-ly

jprikan'traekt,

v

ES+-'kDn-;

pri'kantrjekt

preferment pri'fymant;

|-ed -id

precook pri'kuk

ES

precool pri'kul |-ed -d

preligure pri'figja', -'figs' ;

ES

precursory pri'kysari;

-'k3sa(r, -'ks'saCr

ES

-'kss-, -'kys-

prefix

n

-iz

-'fs-, -'fy-

pregnable 'pregnabl

pregnance 'pregnans S -^ton;

|-rily

em^A+jpreda'torily

ES

-sa(r

predestinarian prijdesta'nErian, -'ner- |-ism

|-cy -i ]-nant -nant

preheat pri'hit |-heated -'hitid prehensile pri'hensl,

predecessor jpredi'sesa^, 'predi^sesa';

-a(r; |-d -d

prefix V pri'fiks |-es -iz |-ed -t

predate pri'det [-dated -'detid -jtari;

ES

'pri^fiks |-es -iz

predaceous, -cious pri'dejas |-city -'daesati

predatory 'predajtori,

|-s

-i

prefiguration ,prifigja'rej"an, -figa-, pri^fig-

|-ed -t

precursor pri'kysa^;

-rail, -rih,

|-d

-id

precisian pri'sisan j-ism -jizam

|-d

-idli

ES + -'dDm-;

predominance pri'damanans; predominate pri'dama^net;

-iz |-d -t

preclude pri'klud, -'kliud

|-

-sil

prehistoric jpriis'tarik, jprihis-, -'tar-, -'tnr|-al -1

-ally

-li, -ikli

I

-jizam

preignition jpriig'nijan

predestinate adj pri'destanit

prejudge pri'dsAds

predestinate v pri'dEsta^net |-nated -^netid

prejudice 'predsadis

predestination pri^dEsta'ne/an, jpridesta-

prejudicial ^predsa'di/al

predestine pri'destin

pre-judicial jpridsu'difal, -dsiu-

[full

|-d

-d

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa^;

ES

'fstSa

|-s

-iz |-d -d

|-s

-iz |-d -t |-ly -i

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish Jif [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

pressmark

340

prelacy prelacy 'prclasi

preposterous pri'pastras, -taras;

prelate 'prcl^t |-tism -iizam

prepotence pri'potns |-cy

preprint pri'print, 'pri^print

preliminary pri'lim3/nEri 'pri-» 'prilud, 'prilrud |-d -id

prelude 'preljud,

preprofessional /pripra'fe/anl, ^pripa-, -'fejnal

premarital pri'maeratl

—In

premature

(§121).

jprima'tjur, -'tiur, -'tur, 'prima^t-,

ES

-jt/ur;

ES

premier n 'primia^, pri'mir;

premise

v

ES

Brit +

'primi-3(r;

-'mi3(r; (Fr pra'mjeir)

presage

pri'seds

v

|-s

|-d

-d

in Shak. pri'seds

|-s -iz,

-iz |-d -d

r -a^;

|-

ES

priWaiz, 'premis

|-s -iz |-d

-d, -t

ES

presbyter 'prEzbita^;

ES

-ta(r; |-y -bi^tEri

preschool pri'sku! ('pre^school 'training) prescience 'prejians,

-ant

'pri- [-ent

pre-science pri'saians

-'molaCr

prescind pri'sind |-ed -id

premonition jprima'ni/an

premonitory pri'manajtori,

S

-^tDri;

-jtori,

ES+-'mDn-

prescission pri'sisan, -'sijan

Prescot, -tt 'prEskat

prenatal pri'netl

prescribe pri'skraib |-d -d

|-ly -i

ES

Prendergast 'prenda^jgaest;

prescript adj pn'sknpt ('pre^script 'rule)

'prenda-

prentice, 'p-, P- 'pr^ntis |-s -iz |-d -t preoccupation priiokj 3 'pe/an, jpriakja-;

prescript n 'priskript

ES +

prescription pri'skrip/an, pa^'skripjan prescriptive pri'skriptiv

-jDk-, -ok-

ES + -'Dk-;

pri'akjajpai;

|-pied

presence 'prEzns

|-s

present n 'prEznt;

-jpaid

preordain jprior'den;

ES

ES

-iz |-d -t

7}iil.

pri'zEnt

present v pri'zsnt |-ed -id

-aa'den; |-ed -d

preordination jprJDrdn'e/an;

presentable pri'zEntabl |-bly -bli

-adn'e/on

prepaid pri'ped ('prejpaid 'charges)

presentation jptEzn'te/an, ,priz£n'te/an

preparation jprEpa'reJan

presentative pri'zEntativ

present-day 'prEznt'de ('present-jday 'laws)

preparative pri'paerativ

preparatory pri'paerSiton, prepare pn'per, |-d

-'paer;

E

-jtari;

-'pe3(r,

S -/ton

presentiment pri'zEntamant

ES

presentment pri'zEntmant

-'pieaCr;

prepay pri'pe |-paid -'ped ('pre-pay prepense pri'pens

|-s

preservative pri'zyvativ;

'rent)

preserve pri'zyv;

-iz |-d -t

preponderance pri'pandrans, -darans; -i

ES ^prEzaES -'zsv-, -'zyv-

preservation jprEza^'ve/an;

-d |-dness -idnis, -dnis

-'pon-; |-cy

ES +

preshow

ES

-'z3v, -'zyv; |-d -d

pri'/o |-ed -'/od ]-n -'/on or -ed -'/od

preside pri'zaid |-d -id

|-ant -ant

preponderate pri 'panda ^ret;

ES + -'pDn-;

\-d

presidency

'prEzadansi,

'prEzdan-

|-dent

-dant

-id

preposition gram, jprepa'zi/an

|-al -1 [-ally

-h

presidential ^prEza'dEn/al |-ly -i

preposition 'position before' jpripa'zi/an

presidio pri'sidi^o (Sp pre'siSjo)

prepossess jpripa'zES

Presque

prepossessing

|-es -iz |-ed -t

jpripa'zEsiij

('prepos,sessing

See in full §§3-47.

Ibath baeG;

Isle

E

Me, Pa

'ptES/mark;

-,ma:k; |-ed

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

,pr£sk'ail,

Mich

-'II

press prEs [presses 'prESiz [pressed ptEst

pressmark

'eye)

prepossession jpripa'zE/an

Key:

-a(r

Presbyterian jprEzba'tirian |-ism -yizam

-iz

|-s

premium 'primiam

preoccupy

-'raef ja-,

presbyopia jprEzbi'opia

n 'prEwws

premolar pri'mola^;

|-s -iz

prerogative pri'ragativ, -'rng-

presage n 'presids

'pr8nu-3(r, -mJ3(r

ES

'pripjus, -pius

by dissimilation

prerequisite pri'rekwazit

'primi-afr,

pri'mi3(r; 5rz7 + 'premi'3(r, -mJ3(r

-iss

r is lost

-'raefa-

-;tetid

premeditation jprimeda'te/an, pri^meda-

premise,

2d pron.

Pre-Raphaelite, pre-R- pri'raefiajait,

premeditate pri'meda^tet |-tated

premiere prt'mir;

the

prepuce

-3(r; ('prema^ture 'death)

premedical pri'medikl

premier adj 'prinwa";

ES + -'pDS-

|-tent -tnt

-i

(§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang

far |watch watj,

ES

-;ma:k,

E-i-

-t

wntj (§12) |jaw dsa

saei)

|angry 'aeg-gri

|gorge gards |go go

pressroom

primogeniture

341

pressroom Vrssjrum, -jrum

ES

pressure 'pr^X^";

prevarication prijvaera'ke/an

prevent pri'vent

^ptEfait

ES

presswork 'pfESjwyk;

-jwsk, -^wyk

ES

Prester John 'pr£st3^'d3an, -'dson;

|-ed -id |-able, -ible -abj

preventability prijventa'bilati -ta-

preventative pri'vEntativ

prestidigitation jpresti^didsi'tejan

prevention pri'ven/an

prestidigitate jpresti'didsijtet |-d -id

preview n

prestidigitator jprEsti'didsi^teta^;

ES

preview

-t3(r

|-tive -'ventiv

'prijvju, -^viu

-d

v pri'vju, -'viu |-ed

previous 'privias, 'privjas

prestige 'pr^stids, pres'tis (Fr pres'ti:3)

prestissimo prEs'tisa^mo {li pres'tissi^mo)

previse pri'vaiz

presto 'presto

prevision pri'vi3an |-ed -d |-ing -saniQ, -snig

prevocal pri'vokl

Preston 'prestan Prestwich 'prEstwit/,

loc.

+ -tid5

|-'s

-d

|-ly -i

prevocational jprivo'kejanl

-iz

prewar pri'war;

Prestwick 'p^^stwik, 'prestik

presumable pri'zumab), -'zium-, -zjum-

-bh presume pn'zum, -'zium, -'zjum

-iz |-d

|-s

|-bly

ES

-'waa(r; ('pre-war 'price)

prey pre preyed pred |

Priam 'praiam -d |-dly

|-d

Pribilof 'priba,laf, -jnf, -,bf ('Pribijof |

|

presumption pri'zAmp/an

|-tuous

|-tive -tiv

Prichard

'pritja^d;

ES

'pritjad

prick prik pricked prikt

-t/uas

|

presuppose jprisa'poz

|-s

prickle 'prikl |-d -d |-ling 'priklig, -klig

-iz |-d -d

presupposition jprisApa'zi/an

prickly 'prikli

pretence pri'tens

pride praid prided 'praidid

|-s

-iz

|

pried praid

pretend pri'tend |-ed -id |-ant -ant pretender, P- pri'tenda^;

pretense pri'tens

|-s

ES

prie-dieu

-'tendaCr

Fr

pries praiz

preterit, -ite 'pr^tarit |-ive pri'terativ

priest,

pretermission jprita^'mi/an;

ES

pretermit jprita^'mit; preternatural

ES

ES

-t/ral;

P- prist |-ed -id

E + -jkraft,

-ed -id

v pri't£kst

ES

'prit3(r

prima facie 'praima'fejiji, primage 'praimids |-s -iz

prettify 'pritijfai |-fied -^faid 'priti, unstr. p3^ti['gud], priti-.

ES+pati-, puti-;

the

primarily 'prai^merali,

An-

primary 'prai^mEri, -man primate 'praimit, -met

I

represents

tmstr.

an

i

form

['prajpa^ti. is p|ti-,

in which

with simultaneous retro-

|

'first

hook' type 'prima^;

primeval prai'mivl

prevail pri'vel |-ed -d -i [-lent

-a^;

ES

|-ism -jizam

primogenitor jpraima'dsenata^;

ES -ta(r ES -tj"a(r

primogeniture jpraima'dsenat/y;

-a(r

ful |tooth tuG [further 'fySa^;

|-ly -i

ES -ma(r ES 'prima(r

primitive 'primativ |-vism -^izam

-lant

prevaricate pri'vaera;ket |-d -id |-tor

if

prime praim primed praimd primer

pretzel 'ptEtsl

|full

'praimar-, csp.

primer 'what primes' 'praima';

flexion of the tongue.

prevalence 'prevalans |-cy

{It

-'£e/i

-ili,

eniph. prai'mer-, -'mer-

common

ES + -'dDna;

primal 'praiml

unstressed form pa'ti can he heard as the last

two syllables of property

|-gish -i/

jprima'danna)

pretorian pri'torian, -'tar-; S -'tor-

prati-, pruti-, purti-;

-jkraft

Priestley 'pristli

-an prim prim primmed primd primacy 'praimasi prima donna ^prima'dana;

Pretoria pri'toria, -'tar-; S -'tor-

otlter

'prai'a(r

prig prig |-ged -d !-gery

pretext n 'pritekst \adj -ed Vit^kstid

pretty stressed

ES

priesthood 'prist-hud

jprita-; |-ted -id

jprita^'naetjaral,

'praia^;

priestcraft 'prist^kraeft;

jprita-

jprita-; |-ly -i

pretor ^prit^;

pri'djo

prier/rom pry

-iz

pretension pri'tenjan -tentious -'tEii/as

pretext

'Isls.)

price prais prices 'praisiz priced praist

-idh

ES

'fstia

|custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision 'vi5an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

prodigality

342

primordial Those words below in which the a sound

ES

primordial prai'mordial;

-'mDad-;

is spelt

|-ly -i

E

o are often pronounced with d in

and S

probability jpraba'bilati

primp primp primped primpt

probable 'prababl |-bly

primrose 'prim,roz

probate 'probet -bated -betid

-bli

|

-iz |-d

1-s

-d

|

primula, P- 'primjub

probation pro'be/an

primus 'p^aimas

probative 'probativ, \xa)a-

prince prins

probatory 'p^obajtori,

-iz |-d -t

|-s

princess 'pnnsis

j-ary -fin

|-al -1

S -^ton

-;tari;

probe prob Iprobed probd |-able -abl

|-es -iz |-cess' -sis

princesse prin'ses, 'prinsis |-(e)s -iz

probity 'probati, 'prab-

Princeton 'prinstan

problem 'problam, -hm, -lem

principal 'prmsapl |-]y -pli, -pli

problematic jprabla'maetik

]-al

-1

|-ally -li,

-ikb

principality jprinsa'p^elati principle 'pnnsapj |-d -d |-ling -plio» -pJiO

pro bono publico 'pro'bono'pAblijko

pringle, P- 'poog! !-d "d |-ling -glig, -gliQ

proboscis

prink prigk prinked pngkt

pro'basis

\L pi

-iz

|-es

-scides

-'basa,diz

|

procedural pro'sidsaral

print print |printed 'printid |-able -abl

P-

prior,

'praia^;

prioress 'praiaris

ES

procedure pra'sid33^;

'pr^i-aCr; |-y -i

|-'s

proceed pra'sid

-iz

|-s

ES

-'sidsaCr

-'sidz |-ed -id

priority praibrati, -'ar-, -'or-

proceeds n 'prosidz

Priscian 'pn/^^n, 'prifan

process 'pras£s, mainly Brit 'prosES

Priscilla pri'sila

prise praiz |prises 'praiziz |prised praizd

prism 'prizam

|-ed

process 'anarch in procession' pro'sES, -'se/

'p^z^nid

prismatic priz'maetik

|-es -IZ |-ed -t

|-al -1 |-ally -ji,

-ikh

procession pra'ssjan, pro-

prison 'p"zn |-ed -d |-ing 'prizmO' -zniQ prisoner 'pn^na-, 'prizna^;

ES

|

proclamation ;prakla'mefan

-3(r

proclitic pro'kbtik

proclivity pro'khvati |-tous -tas

pristine 'pristin, -tin, -tain

ES

Pritchard 'pntja^d;

|-al -1 |-ally -Ii

proclaim pro'klem -claimed -'klemd

prissy 'pnsi |prissily 'prisji. -sili

'pntjad; |-chett

-t/it

proconsul pro'kansl

|-ar -shr, -sjala^;

ES

-la(r

proconsulate pro'kaiislit, -'kansjalit

prithee 'pn'^i

privacy 'praivasi |-vate privateer

|-es -iz

1-ed -t

jpraivaUir,

procrastinate pro^kraesta^net |-nated -^netid

-vit

-vi-;

ES

S+

-'ti3(r,

procrastination projkraesta'ne/an

procreant 'prokriant

-'teacr

privation prai'vejan

procreate 'prokri^et

privative 'pnvativ

procreation jprokri'ejan

|-d -id |-tive -tiv

Procrustes pro'krAStiz

privet 'privit privilege 'privlidj, 'privjids

privity 'privati

privy n, adj 'privi

|-tes' -tiz

ES

Procter, proctor, P- 'prakt»;

-iz |-d -d

|-s

|-vily 'privji, -vili

Proctorknott 'prakta^'nat;

ES

Proculeius ^prokju'lias

-iz

|-'s

|-tean -tian

'prakta(r

'prakta-

procumbent pro'kAmbant

prize praiz prizes 'praiziz [prized praizd |

pro pro

procurable pro'kjurabl, -'kiur-

pro- unstressed prefix pra-, pro-.

When

wholly

unstressed infa^niliar words, the usual pron.

from

through pru-

is

pra-.

to

pro- {with brief o) in less familiar words

or

more deliberate

It varies

is also often

style.

this

The pron.

pa^-,

pa-

heard from cultivated speakers.

procuracy 'prakjarasi procurance pro'kjurans, -'kiuprocurator 'prakja^reta^;

procure pro'kjur, -'kiur

Procyon 'prosi^an, -sian |

prodigal 'pradigl

pro-Ally pro'aelai, ^proa'lai

prodigality ^pradi'ga^lati

See in full §§3-47.

|bath

baefl;

E

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

'p'ti

-jtetaCr

-d

prod prad prodded 'pradid

proa 'pro3

Key:

ES |-d

|-ly -i,

-igh

(§6) |rate ret |yet jst |sang saso langr^- 'jeg^gri

far [watch watj",

wotj

(§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

prodigy

propaganda

343

Those words below in which the a sound

is spell

projectile pra'dsektj,

produce n 'pradjus,

projective pra'dsektiv |-tor

produce

'pro-, -dius,

-dus

v pra'djus, -'dius, -'dus |-s -iz |-d -t

Prokosch 'prokaj

and

-ta^;

ES

-t3(r

-iz

|-'s

prolate 'prolet, pro'let

product 'pradakt, -dAkt

proletarian jprola'terian,

-'ter-

-'taer-,

proliferate pro'lifa^ret |-d -id |-rous -ras

proem 'proem, -im

proliferation projlifa're/an

profanation jprafa'ne/an

prolific pra'lifik |-al -1 |-ally -li |-ly -Ii

profane pra'fen |-faned -'fend |-nity -'faenati

prolix pro'liks |-ity -ati ('projix 'style)

profaneness prs'fennis

prologue, -log 'probg, -lag, -log

profess pra'fes |-es -iz |-ed -t |-edly -idli

prolong pra'bg,

profession pra'fejan

prolongate pra'lagget, -'log-; S + -'lag-;

professorial

|-al -1,

ES

-/nal |-ly

-i

^prafa-,

-'sor-;

S

-'sor-; |-Iy -i

ES

professorship pra'fEsa'j/ip; proffer

'prafa^;

ES

-'fesa-

'prafaCr;

-d

|-ed

-'Idij;

|-d,

-ged -d

S + -'iag; |-ed -d

|-ing

'prafrig, 'prafarig

S+ -lag-

prolongation jprobg'ge/an, -log-;

promenade jprama'ned, -'nad |-d -id Promethean pra'miOian, -6jan Prometheus pra'miOjas, -jus, -las |-'s prominence 'pramanans |-s -iz |-cy -i

-iz

|-nt -nt

profile 'prof ail -filed -faild

promiscuity jpramis'kjuati, ipro-, -'kiupromiscuous pra'miskjuas

profit 'profit |-ed -id

promise 'pramis

profitable 'prafitabj, 'prafta- |-bly -bli

promisee jpramis'i

proficiency pra'fi/ansi |-cient -/ant |

profiteer

ES

^prafa'tir;

-'tia(r,

S + -'t8a(r;

|-s

-iz |-d -t

promisor 'praniispr;

ES

-pa(r; (jpromis'ee

promissory 'prama^sori,

profligacy 'praflagasi |-gate -git, -^get

pro forma pro'farma;

profound pra'faund

ES

-'faama

|-ness -nis, -'faunnis

profundity pra'fAndati profuse pra'f jus,, -'fius |-sive -iv

progenitor pro'dsenata^ ;

-jsari;

ES -'d3£nata(r ES -'dsenat/aCr

progeniture pro'dsenatJV;

progeny 'pradsani

—

prone pron |proned prond |proneness 'pronnis

prognathous 'pragnaGas, prag'neGas

prong prag, prog; S-i-prag;

prognosis prag'nosis |-noses -'nosiz

pronominal pra'namanl, propronoun 'pronaun

prognostic prag'nastik

|-al -j |-ally -li, -ikli

prognosticate prag'nasti^ket |-cated -jketid prognostication pragjuasti'kefan, jpragnasti-

-mme

'prograem, -gram |-(me)d -d

progress n 'pragrts, 'pro-, -gris j;

pra'gres

-jsori

mainly Brit.

prognathic prag'naeOik

program,

S

promontory 'praman^tori, -^tan; S -^tori promote pra'mot |-d -id |-tion pra'mo/an prompt prompt [prompted 'pramptid promptitude 'prampta^tjud, -^tiud, -^tud promulgate pra'mAlget |-d -id 'prnmal^get is mainly Brit. promulgation jpromAl'ge/an ^promal- is

—

profusion pra'f jugan, -'fiu-

pronounce pra'nauns,

|-ed -d |-ly -i

pa^- |-s -iz |-d -t j-dly

-idh

pronto 'pronto {Sp 'pranto)

pronunciamento pra^nAnsia'mento, -jnAnJ-

|-es -iz

pronunciation pra^nAnsi'e/an,

|-es -iz |-ed -t

progression pra'gre/an |-sive -'gresiv

proof pruf |-ed

prohibit pro'hibit |-ed -id |-ive -iv

-t

—pruf

is

pa^-,

compounds. proofread v 'pruf^rid |-read -^red

project n 'pradsekt, -dsikt

prop prop [propped prapt

project V pra'dsekt |-ed -id |-ction -k/an

propaganda

ful |tooth tue [further

'fs^tSa^;

-^uAn/i-

often heard, esp. in

prohibition jproa'bi/an

|full

&

jpromis'or)

l-ed -d

progress

|-d

-id

-'fesaCr; |-ate -it

^profa'sorial,

|-iat

-lat

|-tive -trv

productivity jprodAk'tivati

professor pra'fesa^;

S

-til

producible pra'djusabl, -'dius-, -'dus-

production pra'dAk/an

E

o are often pronounced with d in

prodigy 'pradadsi |-digious pra'didsas

ES

'fstJa

sg jpropa'gaenda |-ed -d

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

—

—

propagandism Those words below in which the a sound

propagandism ^prapa'gaendizam

propagandum /a/5e

is spelt

-id

|-d

|

and

S

|

prosecute 'prasi^kjut, -,kiut

|-d -id

prosecution ^prasi'kju/an, -'kiu-

'ge/an

Red

propel pra'psl

ES

property ^rop^'ti;

|-tist -^aitist

ES -'ssp-, ES -sa-

Proserpina pro'sypma;

'prap^C""

ES

-ta(r

proselyte 'prasl^ait |-d -id |-tism -aitjizam

-d |-lant, -lent -ant

propensity pra'pensati 'pi^apa^;

ES

prosecutor 'prasi^kjuta^, -^kiu-;

pro patria pro'petria

|-ne -jni, 'prasa-jpain;

'prapati; |-ied -d

-'sa-p-;

prosit 'prosit {Ger 'pro:zit)

prophecy 'prafasi prophesy 'praf^/sai prophet

E

prose proz proses 'proziz prosed prozd /prapa-

|-tion

o are often pronounced with d in

proscription pro'skripjan |-tive -tiv

|-ist -ist

sg jprapa'gaendam

propagate 'prapa^get

proper

prototype

344

proslavery pro'slevri, -van |-ryism -jizam

|-sied -^said

'profit |-ess -is

prophetic pra'f£tik

|

prosodist 'prasadist |-dy -di

-esses -isiz

prophylactic jprofa'Iaektik, ^prafa-

prospect 'praspEkt |-ed -id

-ikh

|-al -1 |-ally -Ii,

|-al -1 |-ally

prospectus pra'spektas, pra-

-li, -ikli |-laxis -'laeksis

prosper

propinquity pro'pmkwati, -'piO"

pra'spektiv

|-ive

prospector 'praspekt?, pra'spsk-;

ES

'praspa^;

ES

-ta(r

|-es -iz

-pa(r;

|-ed

-d

]-ing

'prasparig, 'prasprig |-ous -pras, -paras

propitiate adj pra'pi/nt, -ifii propitiate v pra'piJiiCt |-ated -;etid

prosperity pras'perati

propitiatory pra'pijiaitori, -^tari; S -jtori

Prospero 'praspa^ro

propitious pra'pi/as

Prospice 'praspi^si

proponent pra'ponant

prostate 'prastet

Propontic pro'pantik

prostitute 'prasta^tjut, -jtiut, -^tut |-d -id

proportion

praVorJan,

E+-'paa-; -bli 1-al

-/nit

-1,

A

ES

-'par-;

-'poa-,

|-ed -d |-able -abl, -/nab) |-bly

-Jnal |-ally

-Jnah

-li,

|-ate -it,

form pa'por/an

dissimilated

is

|-s

-iz |-d

proposition jprapa'zi/an

propound pra'paund

-d

protector pra'tekta^;

-'prita(r

|-'s

-iz

ES

-ta(r; |-ate -it, -trit

protege, -ee 'protayse, jprota'se {Fr prate'se)

The 2d pron.

is

ES

due

-ta(r;

to r -dis-

proteid 'protiid |-ide -^aid, -id protein 'protiin

pro tern pro'tem [pro tempore pro't8mpa,ri

similation {§121).

propriety pra'praiati— ^

dissimilated pron.

pa'praiati is probably less freq. than ^impa-

and

protagonist pro'taeganist [-nism -;izam

protect pra't£kt |-ed -id |-ion -k/an |-ive -iv

ES

proprietor pra'praiata^, pa'prai-;

'praiati

prosy 'prozi

protean n chem. 'protian

|-al -I |-ally -li

proprietary pra'praia^teri

-tress -tris

prostitution jprasta'tju/an, -'tiu-, -'tu-

prostrate 'prastret |-d -id |-tion pra'stre/an

protean adj 'protian, pro'tian

|-sal -zl

|-ed -id

propraetor, -pret- pro'prita';

I

pro'staetik

Protagoras pro'taegaras

sometimes heard {§121).

propose pra'poz

|-tic

Proterozoic jpratara'zo-ik protest n 'protest protest V pra'tEst |-ed -id

pa'praiata' {§121).

propulsion pra'p^I/an |-sive -siv

protestant, P- 'pratistant |-ism

propylaeum ,prapa'liam

protestation jpratas'te/an

|-laea -'Ha

-jzam

pro rata pro'reta

Proteus 'protjus, 'protias

prorate n 'proret, v pro 'ret |-rated -'retid

prothalamion, P- jproOa'Iemijan, -an

prorogue pro'rog

|-d

Prothero 'pratSa^ro

prosaic pro'ze-ik

|-al -1 |-ally -Ii,

prosateur

-d |-gation ^prora'ge/an

jproza'ty;

ES

-'ts^;

{Fr

protocol 'protajkal, -^kol

proton 'protan

proza'toe:r)

proscenium pro'siniam

protoplasm 'protajplaezam

proscribe pro'skraib |-d -d

prototype 'prota^taip

Key:

See in full §§3~47.

|bath baeO;

E

-iz

prothonotary pro'6anajt£ri, jproea'notari

-ikh

-'t3(r,

|-'s

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

|-ic

,prota'plaezmik

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'sg-gri

far |watch watj,

wotj (§12) |jaw dsa

|gorge gards |go go

Those words below in which the a sound prototypic jprotaUipik

is spelt

|-al -j |-ally -ji, -ikli

Protozoa, p- ^prota'zoa

|-n

protract pro'traekt |-ed -id

protrude pro'trud, -'triud

|-n

prussic 'prAsik pry, P- prai pried praid

and

S

|

-ta^;

ES

Prynne prin

-t3(r

Pryor

|-d -id

protuberance pro'tjubarans,

'praia^;

ES

'prai-aCr

prythee 'priSi

-'tiu-, -'tu-

|-s

-ant -ant I

proud praud

Przemysl 'pjemifl, -si psalm sam |psalmed samd

|-ist -ist

psalmody 'samadi, 'sa^lmadi

Proust prust

Psalter, p- 'salta^;

|-d

-d |-d -d or -n -an

psaltery

ES

'salta(r

'saltan

'saltri,

provenance 'pravanans

pseudo 'sjudo,

Provengal jprovan'sal, jprav- {Fr prb'va'sal)

pseudonymous sju'danamas, pshaw/a pshawed Jad

Provence

E

-n

|-ile -1, -il

protrusion pro'trusan, -'triu- |-sive -siv

prove pruv

o are often pronounced with d in

Prussia 'pr^/a

-n |-zoic -'zo-ik

protraction pro'traek/an |-tor

-iz

puberty

345

prototypic

pro'vans

'prav£ns,

{Fr

-iz

|-'s

|-nym -drijim

'siu-, 'su-

siu-, su-

|

praVa:s)

psi sai {Gk psi)

provender 'pravanda^;

ES

'pravanda(r; |-ed -d

provenience proVinians, -njans |-ent -ant

ES -sb, -yb, -ab |-ed -d pra'vybial; ES -'vsb-, -'vyb-;

proverb 'pravs^b, proverbial

-a^b;

psoriasis sa'raiasis

Psyche

'saiki

psychiatry sai'kaiatri psychic 'saikik

l-Iy -I

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

psychiatric jsaiki'aetnk

|-trist -trist

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

provide praVaid |-vided -Vaidid

psychoanalysis ^saikoa'naelasis

providence, P- 'pravadans

|-'s

psychoanalyst jsaiko'aenhst

providential jprava'den/al

|-ly -i

province 'pravins

|-s

-iz |-nt -nt

psychoanalytic jsaikojaenl'itik

Provincetown 'pravms^taun provincial pra'vinjal

psychoanalyze jsaiko'ajnljaiz

|-Iy -i |-ism

-jizam

|-r

provoke praVok

ES

-za(r

|p-

\-s

-iz |-d -d

pra'vakativ

|-tive

psychologize sai'kala^dsaiz

|-s

-iz j-d

-d |-gy

-dsi

psychometry sai'kamatn psychoneurosis jsaiko-nju'rosis, -niu-, -nu-

|-d -t

provost 'pravast

|-ally

psychologism sai'kalajdsizam

|-al -1 |-ally -Ii

praVaiza^;

provocation jprava'ke/an

-1

|-ly -i, ikli

psychological jsaika'ladsikl

provinciality prajvm/i'aelati

provision pra'vi3an |-ed -d proviso pra'vaizo

j-al

-h, -ikh

-iz

marshal 'prove 'marjal;

-roses -'rosiz I

ES

-'ma;/-,

E + -'raa:X-

psychopath 'saika^paeO

prow prau pro wed praud

|-ths -Os

psychopathic ;saika'pae6ik

|

Prowers

'proa^z;

prowess 'pr^uis

ES

'pro-az;

proximal 'praksami v

-iz |-ite -^ait

|-ly -i

'praksajmet

|-er -a^;

ES

-a(r

|-mate adj -mit

-an

|-'s

prudential, P- pru'denjal, priu|-d

pterodactyl ^tera'daektil,

Ptolemaic ^tala'me-ik

|-dish -i/

prudence, P- 'prudns, 'priudns

prune prun, priun

psychotherapy jsaiko'Gerapi

-iz |-nt -nt

-tl

|-al -1

Ptolemy 'talami ptomaine, -ain 'tomen, to'men

|-ly -i

-d

ptosis 'tosis

prunella, P- pru'nela, priu-

ptyalin 'taialin

prunes and prism 'prunzn'prizam, 'priunz-

pub pAb

prurience 'prurians, 'priu- |-cy

puberty

|full

E + 'ta:m-

pteridophyte 't£rado,fait

proxy 'praksi |proxied 'praksid |-ry

psychosis sai'kosis |-choses -'kosiz

ptarmigan 'tarmagan; ES 'ta:m-,

|-d -id

proximity prak'simati

prude prud, priud

psychopathology jSaikopa'Galadsi

psychopathy sai'kapaOi

prowl praul |prowled prauld proximate

|-'s

|-ed -t

-i |-ent

ful |tooth tuO Ifurther 'fytS*;

ES

-ant

'pjuba^ti, 'piu-;

ES

-bati

'btJa [custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how

hau

|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij" [vision 'vijan |Eden 'id^ [cradle 'kred} [keep

|toy tai

'em

'kipipi

— pubescence

punctuation

346

pubescence pju'besns, piu-

|-cy -i

|-iit

pule pjul, piul

-nt

pubis VJubis, 'piu-

|-d

-d

|-t>es

-S3(r

-biz

public 'pAblik

pull pul Ipulled puld

publican 'pAbhkan

pullet 'puht

publication jpAbli'ke/an

pulley 'puh

Pullman 'pulman |-s -z n 'puljova^; ES

publicist 'p^blisist

pull-over

publicity pAb'lisati, pa'blispublicize 'p'^bh^saiz

publish 'paMiJ

Puccini

|-s

|-'s

pulmonary 'pAlmajneri Pulmotor, p-

-iz

pulpit 'pulpit |-ed -id pulpiteer ^pulpit'ir;

La

|-er -a^;

ES

-'i3(r,

ES

-3(r

S + -'£3(r

pulpwood 'pAlpjWud

laepju's2l, -piu- {Fr lapy'sel)

pulque 'pulki, 'pulke

|-ish -ij

pucka 'pAka pucker 'pAka-; ES

-^motaCr

1

puce pjus, plus puck, P- pAk

ES

'pAljinota^, 'pul-;

pulp pAlp pulped pAlpt

pii'tjini {It put'tyirni)

Puccinia pAk'smia

Pucelle,

-iOV3(r

pullulate 'pAlJ3jlet |-d -id j-tion jpAlja'le/an

-d

-iz |-d

|-es -iz |-ed -t

Publius 'p-^bhas

pulsate 'pAlset 'pAkaCr;

-d

|-ed

|-ing

pAl'se/an

|-d -id j-tion

pulsatile 'pAlsat],

-til

pulse paIs pulses 'paIsiz pulsed pAlst

'pAkrio, 'pAkarig

]

1

pudding 'pudig, humorous 'pudn

Pulteney

puddle 'pAdl

pulverization jpAlvara'ze/an, -ai'z-

puddly

|-d

'pA-dli,

-d

-'ing

'p^dhg, 'pAdlig

'pAltni, 'polt-

pulverize 'pAlva^raiz

'pAdji

pudd'nhead, P- 'pudn,hed

puma

pudency 'pjudnsi, 'piu- |-dent -dnt pudendum pju'dendam, piu- |-da -da pudgy 'pAdsi

pumice 'pAmis

-iz |-d -d

|-s

-iz |-d -t

pummel 'pAinl |-ed -d pummice 'pAinis |-s -iz pump pAmp pumped pAmpt

puerile 'pjuojril, V^J-. -ral

pumpernickel 'pAmpa^jiiikl;

puerility ^pjuaVibti, jpiua-

ES

puerperal pju'yparol, piu-;

-'sp-, -'yp-

Puerto Rico jpwErta'riko |-can -kan P- pa! l-ed

|-s

'pjuma, 'piu-

pumice-stone 'pAmis^ston, 'pAim^ston

Pueblo, p- 'pweblo, he. pju'eblo, piu-

puff,

ES

Pulitzer 'pjuhtsa^, 'pra-, formerly 'pul-;

pubic 'pjubik, 'piu-

pumpkin 'pAmpkin, formant

-t |-ball -jbal

to

said,

"We

ES 'pAmpa-

A

'pAijkin

L.A.

in-

were drilled in school not

say 'pAokin," eloquent testitnony

to

its

The two prons. are ahnost

puffin 'p^fiii

prevalence.

pug pAg pugged pAgd Puget 'pjudsit, 'piu-

equally

common.

Both are phonetically

normal.

'pAgkin

is historically parallel to

1

Pugh(e) pju, piu

'pAmpkin, both being normal phonetic de-

pugilism VJudsaJizom, 'pm-

velopments from earlier 'pAmkin (pumkin).

|-list -list

pugilistic /pjudsa'hstik, ^piu- ]-al -1 |-ally

pugnacious pAg'ne/as |-nacity -'naesati

Cf §124.11. pumpkin-headed 'pAgkin'hedid pun pAn punned pAnd

pug-nosed 'pAg'nozd ('pug-jnosed

punch, P- pAiitJ

-ji.

-ikh

1

'lassie)

puisne 'pjuni, 'piuni puissance

'pjuisns,

'piu-,

pju'isns,

piu-.

'pwisns |-sant -snt

puke pjuk, piuk pukka 'pAka

|-es -iz |-ed -t

Punch-and-Judy 'pAntJan'dsudi, -'dsiupuncheon 'pAnt/an Punchinello jpAnt/a'nelo punctilio pAgk'tilijO |-tilious -'tibas, -Ijas

|-d -t

punctual

Pulaski Count pu'laeskai, -ki;

US

pa'laeskai

'pAgktJual,

-t/ul

pulchritude 'pAlkri^tjud, -;tiud, -^tud

punctuate 'pAgkt/ujet

pulchritudinous jpAlkri'tjudnas, -'tiud-, -'tud-

punctuation jpAgkt/u'e/an

Key;

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

E

bee bi |pity

bae (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

|-ly

-i

j-ity

/PAgkt/u'aslati |-d -id

(§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg jangry 'asg-gn

far |watch wat/,

wot/

(§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

puncture

pustular

347

ES

puncture 'pAgktJV;

'pAgktfaCr;

-d

|-d

pundit 'pAndit

punish 'pAnif

|-cy -i |-gent

purl pyl;

ES

psl, p?l; |-ed -d

ES 'ps-, 'pyES pa-, py-,

purlieu 'pylu, -bu;

-abl

py'bm,

punitive 'pjunativ, 'piu-

purloin

Punjab pAn'dsab |-i punk pAgk punkah, -ka 'p^gka punkin 'pAgkin

purple 'pypl;

-i

pa--;

ES

E + -pD3t

ES

purport V

'pAnst3(r

pa- 'port, 'pyport, -art;

'pspoat, 'pypoat,

1

puny VJunij 'pmpup pAp pupped pApt |-py pupa 'pjupa, 'piu- |-1 -p! 1

purpose 'pypas;

Pupin pju'pin, piupuppet 'pApit pur py; ES p3(r, py; Purbeck 'pybek; ES

|-s -IZ

Vs'-

'p3sl, Vs^sl 'p3-» 'p3'-;

purchasability jpytjasa'bibti;

|-'s

ES

ES 'pa-, 'pyES 'ps-, 'ps'-;

|-s

-iz

purdah 'pyda; ES 'ps-, 'ps'Purdue p»'dju, -'diu, -'du; ES papurebred

ES

pju3(r, piu3(r; |-d -d

'pjur'bred,

ES

'piur-;

'pju3-.

'piu3-; ('pure,bred 'horse)

puree pju're, piu-, 'pjure, 'piure {Fr py're) purfle 'pyfj;

-fbg

\n

ES

'p3-> 'ps'-; |-d

-d |-hng -flig.

purgation py'gefan;

ES

p3-,

purgatory, P- 'pygajtori,

purge pyds; purgery 'pydsari;

ES

ES

'psga-

purulence 'pjuralans, 'piura-, -rjalans

purview 'pyvju, -viu; ES pus PAS \pl puses 'pASIZ

-i

'p3-, 'py-

Pusey 'pjuzi, 'piu- |-ism -^izam push n, V puj Ipushes 'pujiz [pushed puft push intj puf, pj &" various other pufs pushball 'pufjbal

ES

-jka:t,

E + -ika:t

pusillanimity jpjusla'nimati, ^piu-

-d

-iz |-d

puss pus

purify 'pjurajfai, 'piura-

pussy 'pursy' 'pAsi

|full

1-cy

Purvey 'pyvi; ES 'p3vi, 'pyvi purvey pa-'ve; ES pa've; |-ed -d |-ance -ans purveyor pa-'vea-; ES pa've-a(r

pussy 'caf 'pusi pussy ^like pus' 'pASi

purism 'pjurizam, 'piur-

-d

pusillanimous jpjusl'aenamas, ^piu|-s

'psds-, 'pyds-

|-fied -^faid

'piu-, 'pu-

pa-; |-d

pursuivant 'pyswrvant; ES 'p3s-, 'pyspursy 'pysi; ES 'pssi, 'pysi; substandard

purification jpjurafa'kefan, jpiura-

Purim 'pjunm,

ES

Pushkin 'pufkin

py-

-jtari;

E + -jt3ri ES psds, pyds;

-'sju;

|-suit -t

pushcart 'pu/^kart;

-fbg

jton, 'py-,

|-ant -ant

pa-'su, -'siu,

|-lent -lant

l-d -t

pure pjur, piur;

pursue

'pASI

-iz

^ps-, ipy-

purchasable 'p^'t/asabj; 'p3"t/3s, -is;

'p3-, 'py-; |-s -iz |-d -t

ES p3(r, py; |-ed -d ES p3s, pys; |-s -iz |-d -t purse-proud 'pys^praud; ES 'pss-, 'pyspurser 'pysa-; ES 'p3sa(r, 'pys3(r purslane 'pysbn, -len; ES 'pss-, 'pyspursuance pa-'suans, -'siu-, -'sju-; ES pa-;

ES 'ps-, 'pyPurcell composer 'p3"sl; ES 'p3-» 'p^"Purcell Okla pa^'sel; ES pa'sel; Can 'pa^sl; ES

purchase

pa'poat.

purse pys;

purblind 'p^/blaind;

ES

ES

ES

|-ed -id

purr py;

-i

|-red -d 'p3-.

E + -aat;

|-dly -tb |-sive -iv

pupil 'pjupj, 'piu- |-ed -d |-age -ids

'p3't/3s;

pa-; |-ed -d

'psp-. 'ps'P-; |-d -d |-ling

-pbo. -pbg |-lish -pb/, -plif purport n 'pyport, -part; ES 'pspoat, 'pypoat,

punt pAnt punted 'pAntid Punxsutawney jpAgksa'tani

Purchas

|-ally

purity 'pjurati, 'piurati

-dsant

|-es -iz |-ed -t |-able

punster 'pAnsta^;

-jzam

|-al -1

-h, -ikh

pung pAg Ipunged pAgd pungence 'pAndsans Punic VJunik, 'piu-

|-al -j |-al]y -li, -ikli

puritanic jpjura'taenik, ^piura-

pAn'ditikl

|-ical

puristic pju'ristik, piu-

Puritan, p- 'pjurotn, 'piura- |-ism

|-ring 'pAoktfariij, 'pAoktfrig

{Heb pu'rim)

ful |tooth tuG [further 'fytJa-;

pussyfoot 'pusijfut |-ed -id pustular 'pAstJala-;

|-ist -ist

ES

ES

-Ia(r

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while bwail [how

(using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vijan

[Eden

hau

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

—

Pym pim

pustulation jpAst/a'le/an pustule 'pAst/ul

|-d

'throw,' V 'place'

put n

'rustic'

'putt'

Pynchon, -cheon 'pintjan

-d

put « put

quadrisyllable

348

pustulation

pyorrhea, -rhoea jpaia'ria, pai'ria

put

pyramid, P- 'piramid |-mided -^nudid

pAt

pyramidal pi'raemadl

pAt Iputted 'pAtid

|-ly -i

Put pAt

Pyramus 'pir^m^s

putative 'pjutativ, 'piu-

pyre pair;

in Bay ^putin'be Putman 'p'^tman Putnam 'p^tnam |-ney

Pyrenees 'pira^niz |-nean jpira'nian

Put

putrescence pju'tresns, piu- |-cy

Pyrex, p- 'pairsks

-i |-nt

pyridin 'piradin |-dine -^din,

-snt

Puttenham

pyromancy see Putnam ES 'pAta(r ES 'puta(r

'p'^tnam, 'pAtnam

putter 'who puts' 'puta^;

putty

ES

pyrotechnic ^paira'teknik

Pyrrha

[-ally

[-'s

-iz

Pythagoras pi'Gaegaras

[-'s

-iz

Pythian 'piBian

-d |-ling 'pAzlig, 'pAzjirj

Pythias ^lOias

|-'s

-iz

Pygmalion pig'meljan,

Pythius 'piOi3S

[-'s

-iz

-lian

Python, p- 'paiBan, -6an; pythoness 'paiOanis

-z

[-'s

ES + -6Dn

-iz

pyloric pa'brik, pai-, -'lar-, -Uor-

pyx piks [pyxes 'piksiz [pyxed pikst pyxidium piks'idiam |-dia -dia

pylorus pa'loras, pai-,

pyxie 'piksi

Q, q letter kju, kiu kiuz Qirghiz kir'giz;

ES

-'lar-;

\pl Q's,

S

-'lor-

Qs, poss Q's kjuz,

quadrature 'kwadrat/a*^, 'kwod-, -/t/ur;

kia-;

[-'s

quadrennial kwad'rsnial, kwod-, -njal

-iz

quadragesimal Jkwadr^'d3^saml, jkwnd-

quadrangle 'kwadraeggj, 'kwod-

|-d

-ri

[-ly -i

-d

quadricentennial JkwadrISEn't^nI^l,

jk>vTjd-,

-njal [-ly -i

quadrilateral ^kwadra'Iastaral, -tral, jkwnadl-iy;i

quadripartite

quadratic kwad'raetik, kwod-

quadrisyllabic ^kwadrasiUaebik, jkwTjd-

quadrille kwa'dril, ka'dril |-d -d

-'pa:t-,

jkwadri'partait,

jk^vod-;

ES

E + -'pa:t-

bee bi [pity 'p'ti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg |angr>' 'asg-gri baO (§10) [ah a [far far [watch wat/, wot/ (§12) [jaw djD [gorge gards |go go

See in full §§3-47.

E

\-\y -i

quadrennium kwad'reniam, kwod-

quadrant 'kwadrant, 'kwod- [-al kwad'raentl quadrate adj, n 'kwadrit, 'kwod-, -ret quadrate v 'kwadret, 'kwod- [-d -id

[bath baeO:

ES

-tja(r, -jt/uaCr

quack kwaek [-ed -t [quackery 'kwaekari, quad kwad, kwod |-rat -rat Quadragesima jkwadra'dgEsama, jkwod-

Key:

-li,

'pira

pyemia, -aemia pai'imia

[-s

-1

Pythagorean pijGaega'rian

{Fr pyvi:sda/a'van, pyvid/a'van)

Pygmy, p- 'pii^n" |-ied -d pyjama pa'dsaema, pa'dsama pylon 'psilan; ES + -lDn

|-al

-ikli |-s -s

Pyrrhus 'piras

'pAti [puttied 'p^tid

'p'^zl |-d

'p3ir3,niaensi

pyrrhic, P- 'pn'ik

'pAta(r; |-ed -d

Puvis de Chavannes pjuVisda/a'vaen, piupuzzle

-dm

-jfaam

pyromania ^paira'menia

-d

putter 'who putts' 'p^ta^;

putter V 'pAta*;

ES

pyrography pai'ragrafi, -'rng-

putt pAt Iputted 'pAtid |-d

pyriform 'pira/farm;

pyrites pa'raitiz, pai-, 'pairaits

^pi\x-

Putsch Ger put/ puttee 'pAti

-'ri6-

pyretic pai'retik

-ri- ^]}}utr3 iiai, 'piu- |-fied -jfaid

putrid 'pjutrid,

-iz

paia(r

pyrethrum, P- paiVeOram, 'pAtni

putrefaction jpjutra'faek/an, jpiuputrefy,

ES

|-'s

—

quadrisyllable 'kwadrajSibbl, 'kwod-

ES

quarter 'kwart*;

quadrivalent jkwadraVebnt, ^kwod-, kwad'rivabnt,

question

349

quadrisyllable

kwod-

{§121).

ES ES

kwod- |-vium -viam quadroon kwad'run, kwod-

quarterback 'kwarta^^hask;

quadruped 'kwadra^ped, 'kwod-

quartermaster 'kwarta^jinaesta^;

quadrivial kwad'nvial,

quadruple

adj,

n,

'kwadrupl,

v

kwad'rupl, kwod-, -'riu-

|-d

jHiaestaCr,

-d |-ling -phi).

quarterstaff

E + -jmas-,

kwad-

kwod-, -'nuadj

quadruplicate

'kwoata-

ES

'kwaata-

-^mas-

ES

'kwarta^jStaef;

'kwoata-.

ES

-jStevz,

kwaa'tet

ES 'kwaatES 'kwaato quartz kw3rts; ES kwaats; |-ite -ait quash kwaj, kwoj |-es -iz |-ed -t quartile 'kwartail,

-tj, -til;

quarto 'kworto; v

kwad'ruplijket, kwnd-, -'nu-

l-d -id

quaestor 'kwesta^;

ES

quasi 'kwesai, 'kwezai, 'kwasi

'kw8st3(r

quaff kwaef, kwaf, kwof, kwaf;

E+kwaf;

Quassia, q- 'kwa/ia, 'kwo/-, -/a

quaggy 'kwaegi, 'kwagi, 'kwogi quagmire 'kwaeg^mair, 'kwag-, 'kwng-; ES

-'tsn-, -'tyn-

ES

quaternion kwa'tynian, -njan;

-'tsn-.

-'tyn-

ES

quatorze kae'torz, ka-;

-jmai3(r

quahog, -haug 'kwohog, 'ko-, -hog, kwa'hog.

-'taaz

quatrain 'kwatren, 'kwnt-

Quatre Bras Fr katra'bra

-'hog quail kwel [quailed kweld

quatrefoil

quaint kwent

'kaetra-;

'kaeta^jfail,

ES

'kaeta-.

'kaetra-; |-ed -d

quait kwet |quaits kwets = quoit

—Quaits

is

not a corruption of quoits, but is probably the earlier spoken

form,

used by players.

still

Quaitso 'kwetso

quake kwek |quaked kwekt Quaker 'kweka^; ES %wek3(r; qualify 'kwabjfai, 'kwolqualitative 'kwab^tetiv,

ES

'kwev3(r; |-ed -d [-ing

'kwevarig, 'kwevrig

quay ki |-ed kid quean kwin

'kudj

|-age

Quebec kwi'bek quebracho ke'brat/o queen kwin [queened kwind

|-fied -jfaid

Queens kwinz

'kwob-

quality 'kwabti, 'kwol- |-ied -d

|-'s

-iz

ES kwia(r, S+kw£a(r; |-ed -d kwel jquelled kweld quench kwentj [quenches 'kwent/iz |-ed quell

1-able -abl |-bly

|-fied -^faid

ES

quercetin 'kwysitin;

quercine 'kwysin, -am;

'kwss-, 'kwys-

-d

kwaalz, kwa:lz;

querulous 'kweralas, 'kwerjalas, -rulas

quarantine 'kwaran^tin, 'kwar-, 'kwnr-

ES

'kwss-, 'kwys-

ES

Quercus 'kwykas; ES 'kwskas, 'kwykquern kwyn; ES kwsn, kws^n

|-ta -to

|-d

-t

-bh

quantity 'kwantati, 'kwon-

Quarles kwarlz, kwarlz;

-land

queer kwir;

quantitative 'kwantajtetiv, 'kwon-

quantum 'kwantam, 'kwon-

|-land -^laend,

|-town -jtaun |-ton -tan

qualm kwam, kwom, kwam Quanah 'kwona, 'kwona quandary 'kvvandri, 'kwon-, -dan quantify 'kwanta^fai, 'kwon-

quaver 'kweva^;

queasy 'kwizi ]-ism -jizain

qualification jkwabfa'ke/an, ;kwnl-

query 'kwin [queried 'kwirid

-IZ

quarrel 'kworal, 'kwar-, 'kwor-,

quarry 'kw3ri, 'kwari, 'kwnri quart kwart; ES kwoat quartan 'kwortn;

ES

quaternary kwa'ts^nan;

|-ed -t

[full

'kwaata-

E + -jStaf, -jstaf \pl -s -s or -staves -jstaevz; E + -jStavz, -^stavz quartet, -tte kwar'tet;

kwnd-.

kwad'ruplikit,

-'nu-, -jket

l-'s

;

;

quadruplets 'kwadruiplits, 'kwod-, 'ruphts,

quarter-deck 'kwarta^^dEk

'kwnd-,

-plio

quadruplicate

A

'kwoataCr; |-ed -d

dissimilated form 'kwota^ is sometimes heard

-rl |-ed

|-ied

-d

-d

question 'kwest/an [-ed -d [-able -abl [-bly

ES 'kwaatn

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytSa^;

Quesnay ke'ne {Fr ke'ne) quest kwest [quested 'kwestid -bh |-ary -/en

ES

'fsjJa

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

Visan jEden

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

— questionnaire questionnaire ^WEstJan'er,

ES

quo warranto

350

E

-'aer;

-'£3(r.

quintessence kwin'tesns

-iz

j-s

quintessential jkwinta'sEn/al

-'aE3(r

questor 'kwEsta^;

ES

queue kju, kiu [queued kjud,

Quezon 'kezan,

-zrni

{Am Sp

quibble 'kwibj -d -d

quick kwik -ed

quintet, -tte

'kwestaCr

kmd

Quintilian kwm'tiljan, -lian

'keson)

quintillion kwm'tiljan

Quints, q- kwints

|-ling 'kwiblig, -blii)

-t |-en

[-ly -i

kwm'tet

-an |-ened -and j-ening

'kwikanig, 'kwiknig

quintuple

'kwintupl, -tjupl, kwin-

n, adj, v

'tupl, -'tiu-, -'tju- |-d

-d

(-ling -plig, -plig

quintuplets 'kwintaplits, -tu-, kwm'tuplits,

quicklime 'kwik^laim

Quickly 'kwikli

-'tiu-, -'tju-, -'tAp-

quicksand 'kwik^saend

quip kwip [-ped

quickstep 'kwik^step -stepped -jStept

quire kwair;

]

ES

-ster

-t

quick-witted 'kwik'witid ('quick-twitted ^man)

Quirinal 'kwiranl

quid kwid

quirk

quiddity 'kwidati

quirt kwyt;

ES

-sta'-;

kwaia(r;

|-d

kwyk; ES kwsk, kwyk;

ES

-sta(r

-d

[-ed -t

kw3t, kwyt; |-ed -id

quidnunc 'kwid^nAgk

Quisling 'kwizlig

quiescence kwai'Esns |-scent -snt

quit kwit [-ted -id or quit kwit

quiet 'kwaiat [quieted 'kwaiatid

quitclaim 'kwit^klem [-claimed -^klemd

quietude 'kwaia^tjud, -,tiud, -^tud

quite kwait

quietus kwai'itas [quietuses kwaiHtasiz

Quito

quill

'kito

quitrent 'kwit^rent

kwil quilled kwild 1

quittance 'kwitns

quillet 'kwilit

ES

Quiller-Couch 'kwila^'kutj;

'kwila-;

|-'s

j-s

ES

quiver 'kwiva^;

-iz

'kwiva(r;

|-ed

-d [-ing

'kwivrig, 'kwivarig

-IZ

Quixote,

quilt kwilt [quilted 'kwiltid

quinary 'kwainan

jdanki'hoti, -'kwiksat;

quixotic kwiks'atik; ES-h-'ot-;

quinazoline kvvin'aezajin, -lin

quince kwins [quinces 'kwinsiz

quincunx

Don

ES-i-

^don-; {Sp -ki'xote)

'kwinkAgks,

'kwig-

[-ally

|-cunxes

quiz kwiz [quizzes 'kwiziz [quizzed kwizd

'kwinzi

quohog, -haug 'kwahag,

-kAgksiz

quizzical 'kwizikj [-ly

Quincy 'kwinsi; Mass

|-al -1

-h, -ikh

city b' family

quindecennial ^kwindi'senial, -njal

|-ly -i

-ikli

-i,

'ko-, -hog,

kwa'hag.

-'hDg = quahog

quinine 'kwainain

quoin kain, kwain

quinnat 'kwinaet

quoit kwait [quoits kwaits, less freq. kait(s)

quinoidine kwi'naidin, quinoline 'kwinl^in, -in

-dm [-lin

|-din

-dm

-in

quinone kwi'non ('quinpne 'compound)

|-ed -d

see quait

quondam 'kwandam, 'kwondam quorum 'kworam, 'kwaram; S 'kworam

Quiriquagesima ^kwinkwa'dsEsama, jkwig-

quota 'kwota quotaed 'kwotad

quinquennial kwm'kwenial, kvvig-, -njal [ly

quotation kwo'te/an,

-I

[-nium

-mam, -njam

quinsy 'kwmzi quint cards kwint,

kmt

quote kwot,

less freq.

less freq

ko'te/an

kot [-d -id [-table -abl

[-bly -bh quoth kwo6 [quotha 'kwoOa

quintain 'kwmtin

quotidian kwo'tidian, -'tidjan

quintal 'kwintj

quotient 'kwofant

quintan 'kwmtan

quo warranto 'kwo wa'riento, wa-, wd-, wa-

Key;

See in full §§3-^7.

[bath baeG;

E

bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret jyet J£t [sang saeg [angry 'ieg-gn baO (§10) jah a [far far [watch watj, wutj (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

rainbow

351

R R,

r letter ax;

ES

arz;

ES

a:(r; \pl R's,

Rs, poss R's

radiolarian jredio'lerian, -'la-

radiology jradi'aladsi; ES-f-'dI-

E+a:(r, a:z

a:z,

rabbet Vaebit [rabbeted 'raebitid

radiometer jredi'amata';

rabbi 'raebai

radiophone 'redia^fon

rabbinical rae'bmikl, ra-

ES

-'amata(r, -'om-

radioscope 'rediajskop

|-ly -i

ES + -'ds-

rabbit 'raebit [rabbited 'raebitid

radioscopy ^radi'askapi;

rabble 'raebj

radiotelegram 'radio 'tela jgraem

Rabelais

jraebl'e, 'raebj^e

radiotelegraphy 'redi/Ota'legrafi

{Fr ra'bk)

Rabelaisian jraebl'ezian, -3311

radiotelephony 'redijota'lefani

rabid 'raebid

radiotherapy 'radio'eErapi

rabies 'rebiz, 'rebi^iz, 'raeb-

radiothorium ^radio'eoriam, -'Gar-; S -'6or-

Rabindranath

radish 'raedi/ [radishes 'raedifiz

ES

-'gar;

Tagore

-'go3(r,

ra'bindrajnatta'gor.

E + -'g33(r

radium 'rediam radium therapy 'rediam'Oerapi

raccoon rae'kun

radius 'redias

race res [races 'resiz [raced rest

racecourse 'res^kors, -^kars; -jkaas;

ES

-^koas,

E+

ES

-iz

j-s

Radnor

[-es -iz [radii 'radical

ES

'raedna';

- Jia(r,

-na(r; [-shire -iJir, -JV;

-JaCr

radon 'radan; ES-h-dnn

raceme re'sim, ra'sim |-d -d Rachel name 'retjal, powder Fr rachitis ra'kaitis [-chitic -'kitik

Raeburn 'reba^n; ES 'raban Raemaekers 'ramaka'z; ES 'ramakaz;

Rachmaninov,

Rafael

rak'manijnaf, raek-, -itmi

-off

racial 'rejal, 're/ial

Racine

ra'/el

[

raffia 'raefia, -f ja

rack raek [racked ra^kt

raffle 'raefl

racket

raft raeft;

[racketed 'riekitid

ES

racketeer ^raekit'ir;

-'i3(r;

ES

raconteur ^raekan'ta^;

S+-'£3(r [-ed -d

-kan'tsCr,

-kon-.

[d -d

j-ling 'raefjig, 'raeflig

E+raft, raft;

rafter 'raefta';

ES

[-ed -id

'raefta(r,

E + 'raf-,

'raf-

rag raeg [ragged raegd

ragamuffin 'raega^mAfin, 'raeg^mAfm

-'tS'

racquet racy

rage rads rages 'redsiz [raged redsd

'rjekit

ragged adj 'raegid

'resi [racily 'resli, -sili

raglan 'raeglan

Radcliff(e), -clyffe 'n^dklif

raddleman 'raedlman [-men -man

ragman 'raegjinaen, -man [-men -man ragman document 'raegman

radial 'radial [-ly -i

ragout rae'gu

raddle 'raedl

|-d

-d [ling

'raedjirj,

radiance 'radians, 'redjans

[-s

'rtedbg

-iz |-ant -ant

radiator 'radi^ata^; radical 'raedikl [-ly

ES

|-s

ragweed

'redi,ata(r

rail rel [railed

railhead 'raljhed

E+-jkast,

-/kast

radiogram 'rediajgrsm 'radia^graef;

said to be

raid

— rallery still

'raelari,

aw

old variant,

heard.

railroad 'relirod [railroaded 'ral^rodid

ES+-igraf, -jgraf;

railway 'ral^we

raiment 'ramant

j-ed -t

radiographer jredi'agrafa', -'og-;

[full

raillery 'ralari is

radiograph

-jpika(r

'raegjwid

radioactivity 'redijO«k'tivati 'redio'brad^kaest;

ES

raid rad [raided 'radid

-i, -ikli

radio 'radi^o |-ed -d [-active jredio'aektiv

radiobroadcast

-z [-ed -d j-ing -ig

ragpicker 'rasgjpika^;

ragtime 'raegjtaim

radiate 'radi,et [-d -id -tion jredi'ejan

[-phy

-iz

raff raef [raffish 'riefij

-ly -i

ra'sin, {Fr ra'sin)

'raekit

[-'s

'raefial, 'refial

ES

[-ed -id

rain ran [rained rand

rainbow 'ren,bo [-bowed -jbod

-fi

ful [tooth tue [further 'fytJa-;

-fa(r;

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

raincoat

352 rancor 'raegka';

raincoat 'ren^kot -ed -id |

ES + -jdrDp

raindrop 'ren^drap; rainfall hen^i^l

Rainier,

Mount

re'nir;

rainier 'wetter' 'renia^;

ES re'ni3(r ES 'reni'a(r

v

Rangely 'rendsli

Rangoon rasg'gun

|

ES

-dolf

range rends [ranges 'rendsiz [ranged rendsd

'ren^pruf -proofed -^pruft

rainstorm 'renjStDrm;

'raBgk3(r; [-ous -as, -kras

rang raeg

rainproof adj 'ren'pruf ('rain^proof 'hat) rainproof

ES

Randolph 'raendalf, random 'raendam

'ren^staam

rangy, -gey 'rendsi

Ranier re'nir;

raintight 'ren'tait ('rain^tight 'roof)

ES rainworm 'ren^wym; ES -jwsm, -jwym rainwater 'ren^wota', -jwata^, -jwnta^;

ES

-'nia(r

rank r^egk [ranked raegkt

-t3(r

rankle 'raegkl

-d [-ling 'raegkbg, -klig

[-d

raise rez raises 'reziz [raised rezd

ransack 'raensaek [ransacked 'rasnsaekt

|

raisin 'rezn

ransom 'raensam [ransomed 'raensamd

raison d'etre 'rezDii'det {Fr rszo'deitr)

rant raent [ranted 'raentid

rads |raja, -jah 'radsa Rajput 'radsput

rapacious ra'pejas |-pacity -'paesati

rake rek [raked rekt

rape rep [raped rept

Raleigh 'roh

rapeseed 'rep^sid

rally 'raeb [rallied 'raehd

Raphael painter

rap raep [rapped raept

raj

—

Ralph raelf ref is chiefly British ram raem [rammed raemd

rapid 'raepid

Ramadan

Rapidan

jraema'dan

ramble 'raembl

[-d

-d [-ling 'raemblig, -blig

'raemajsiz

[-'s

-iz

ES

-'faia(r; ('rapid-jfire

ES

'repi-aCr, -pja(r

rapidity ra'pidati

[+r3'misiz

rapier 'repia^, 'repja^;

ramification jraemafa'ke/an

rapine 'raepin

ramiform 'raemajfarm; ES 'raemajfoam

Rappahannock ^raepa'hanak

ramify 'raemajfai [ramified 'raemajfaid

rapparee

ramp raemp [ramped raempt

rapport ras'port, -'part;

rampage n 'raempeds [-geous raem'pedsas rampage v raem'peds j-s -iz [-d -d rampant 'raempant [-pancy -pansi rampart 'raempart, 'raempa't; ES -pa:t, -pat,

E + -pa:t

|-d

ES

-'poat, E-h-'paat;

rapprochement Fr raprof' ma rapscallion raep'skaeljan

rapt raept 'raeptJa^;

ES

'raeptJaCr; j-rous

rare rer, r«r;

ES

erroti.

'r£er-;

ES

apart from

ramtil 'raemtil

rarefaction

ran raen

E

r£a(r,

ES

raea(r; [rarer -ra^;

-ra(r

rarebit

-d

ramson 'raemzn, -sn

(Welsh)

for see

rare;

Welsh

rabbit

rarebit is

'r2rjbit,

nnknoicn

rarebit,

jrera'faekjan,

^raer-;

S

^raer-;

[-tive -tiv

raent/

[ranches

[ranched

'raentjiz

rarefy 'rerajfai, 'raer-; S 'raer-; |-fied -jfaid

Raritan 'raeratn

raentjt

ranchero raen'tjero {Sp ran-)

rarity 'rerati, 'raer-; S 'raer-

ranchman 'raent/man [-men -man

rascal 'raeskl [rascally 'raeskli

rancho

rascality raes'kaelati

'raent/o, 'ran-

rancid 'raensid [rancidity rasn'sidati

See in full §§3-47.

[bath baeO;

-as

rara avis 'rera'evis [rarae aves 'reri'eviz

Ramses 'raemsiz |-ses' -siz Ramsgate 'raemzjget, Brit 'raemzgit ramshackle 'raemjaekl

^raepa'ri

{Fr ra'pair)

rapture

ramrod 'raem^rad; ES-f-^rod Ramsay, -sey 'raemzi

Key:

'raef-,

'gun)

ramie 'raemi

ranch

name

^raepa'daen

rapid-fire 'raspid'fair;

ramekin 'raemakin

Rameses

pers.

'raefial,

'ref-

E

bee bi [pity

baO (§10) [ah a

[far

rase rez [rases 'reziz [rased rezd 'piti (§6)

[rate ret [3^et J£t [sang saeg [angry 'feg-gri

far [watch watj,

wntj

(§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

rash

353

rash rae/ rashes

ES

'rae/a^;

Raton

'rae/iz

|

rasher

Rask task Rasmussen 'rasmAsn

ratsbane 'raets^ben rattan rae'taen |-ned -d

-t

E + 'raz-,

raspberry 'raez^beri, -ban;

'raz -

rattle 'rtetl |-d -d |-ling 'raetlio, Vtetlig

rattlebrain 'rsetljbren |-ed -d

raes'pjutin, -'piu-, ras'putin

Rasselas 'raesajaes, -las

ES

rasure 'rega^;

•

rattail 'raet^tel

rasp raesp; E+rasp, rasp; |-ed

Rasputin

rae'tun ('Rajton ^Pass)

ratoon rae'tun |-ed -d

'r«f3(r

rattlehead 'raetl^hEd |-headed -'hedid ('rattle-

-iz

|-'s

-headed 'notion)

're33(r

ES

rat raet ratted 'raetid

rattler 'raetla^, 'raetla^;

ratable, ratea- 'retabl |-bly -bli

rattlesnake 'raetj^snek

ratafia jraeta'fia

rattletrap 'raetl^traep

ratan rae'ta;n |-ned -d

rattly

rataplan ^raeta'plaen |-ned -d

rattrap 'raet^trajp

ratch raetj |ratches ratchet

|ratched raetjt

'rtetjiz

racheted

'raet/it

raucous 'rakas

ravel 'raevl |-ed -d |-ing 'raevbg, 'raevlig

-ban

'raeejbon,

raven bird 'revan raven

rathe retJ

NEngd

VistJaCr, Va?$-, 'ratJ-;--In

Atlas

Linguistic

the

'raeSaCr, 'retS-,

VaS-,

shows

among

'ra' 'aeg-gri

far |watch watj,

wot/

(§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gardj [go go

Torrey

435

trachea

Torrey 'tan, 'tan, 'tnn

Toulouse tu'luz

Torricelli ^tan'tjeli, .tor- {It jtom'tXelli)

toupee tu'pe, tu'pi {Fr toupet tu'ps)

ES

|-'s

{Fr tu'lurz)

-iz

torrid 'tand, 'tar-, 'tor-

tour tur;

torridity to'ndati, ta-, to-

Touraine tu'ren {Fr tu'rtn)

Torrington 'tangtan,

tour de force jturda'fors, -'fars;

torsion 'tar/an;

ES

'tar-, 'tor-

E + 'faas;

'toa/an; |-al -1 |-ally -li

ES 'taaso ES taat tortilla Am Sp tar'tija tortious 'tar/as; ES 'taa/as tortoise 'tartas, -tis; ES 'taat-;

Tourneur

tortuous 'tartjuas; torture 'tartja^;

ES

ES

Tours tur;

'tsnaCr, 'tynaCr

ES

ES

to

towed tod

1

|-age -ids

toward adj tord, tard; ES toad, E+taad toward prep tord, tard, ta'ward; ES toad. ta'waad, E+taad;

|-s

-z

tossel 'tasl, 'tosl |-ed -d j-ing -slig, -sliij

Tosti

towel taul, 'taual |-ed -d

'tasti, 'tDS-, 'tas- (// 'tasti)

j-ted -id

total 'totl |-ed -d \-\y -i |-ity to'taelati ;totaela't£rian,

to^taela-,

-'ter-.

ES

-iz |-d

-jzeta(r

-d

totetot Itoted'totid

totem 'totam tother, t'other {better 'tother)

—In was

this

final

and in tone, t

Totten

'tatl;

one'

-t5a(r

initial

t

of the old definite article that,

not the initial of

Tottel

\\8^; ES

'the

modern

the.

ES + 'totl ES + 'totn

'toa^;

tower

'taua^,

building

'to-9(r

taur;

toucan 'tukaen, tu'kan

townsfolk 'taunZ;fok

townspeople 'taunz^pipl

towpath

'tOjpaeG;

towrope

'tOjfop

E + -,pa6,

-jpaG; |-ths -Sz

toxic

'taksik; ES-t-'toks-;

-t

|-down

|-ic

|-al

-1

|-ally

-Ii,

toxicology jtaksi'kaladsi; ES-f-jtoksi'knltoxin 'taksin; ES-i-'toks-; |-ine -in, -in

touch-and-go 'tAtJan'go

toy

touchstone, T- 'tAtJ^ston, 'tAt/Jton

Toynbee

tough tAf toughed

trace tres [traces 'tresiz |-ed

1

toughen 'tAfn

[full

'tau'a(r.

toxicity taks'isati; ES-i-toks|-ed

'tAtJiz

-idaun

Toulon

ES

taua(r; |-ed -d |-ing 'taurig, 'tauarig

-ikh

'tata(r, 'tnt-

touch tAtJ [touches

ES

tower 'who tows'

-ta(r

-ik

Tottenham 'tatnam, 'tatnam; ES + 'tnt-

ES

+ 'taust3'; ES

toxemia, -aemia taks'imia; ES-i-toks-;

'tatn;

totter 'tata';

/oc.

towhead 'to^hed towhee 'tauhi, 'tohi towline 'to, lam town taun |-ed -d |-ship -/ip town hall 'taun'hal |townhouse 'taun,haus Townsend, -shend 'taunznd

less freq. jtotja't-

totalization jtotla'zejan, -ai'z-

|-s

'tuan-.

tua(r; {Fr tu:r)

towboat 'tojbot Towcester 'tosta',

totalize 'totljaiz

ES

Towanda to'wanda, -'won-

|-es -iz |-ed -t

totalizator 'totlajzeta^;

'tani, 'tyni, 'tuani

tout taut [touted 'tautid

tow

-rai

j-ri

toss tas, tos |-es -iz |-ed -t |-up -jAp

totahtarian

'tan-, 'tyn-

Toussaint L'Ouverture Fr tusie-luver'tyir

'taatjuas

'taatja(r; |-d -d |-rous -as

'ni:iu)

ES+tnt;

ES

tousle 'tauzl |-d -d |-Iing 'tauzliij, -zlig

^taat/u-, -'ds-

Toscanini jtaska'nini, jtos-, jtAS- {It jtoska-

tot tat;

-'foas.

'tsn-, 'tyn-

'ton, 'tan; S 'ton

tosh ta/; ES+tnJ;

'tur-;

tourniquet 'turni^ket, -^ke, 'tyn-;

-iz

]-s

torus 'toras, 'tar-; S 'tor-; |-es -iz

Tory

ES

'tyna^;

tourney 'tyni, 'turni;

taa-

ES

ES

'tuan-

tortoise-shell 'tartas^/el, -tis-, -fiSd.

tortuosity jtartju'asati;

|-ist -ist

(Fr turda'fars)

tournament 'tynamant,

torso 'tarso;

tort tart;

Tortuga tar'tuga; ES

tua(r; |-ed -d

tAft

j-ed -d |-ing 'tAfmg, -fnig

tu'lan, -'Ion {Fr tu'lo)

ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fy'Sa^;

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz,

fmz

tai

1

toyed taid 'tainbi

trachea 'trekia, tra'kia

ES

-t |-ry

-an, -n

traceable 'tresabl |-bly -bli |-s

-z |-cheae -'ki-i

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[dish dif [vision 'visan

jEden

hau

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em

'kipni

trachoma

transmissible

436

trachoma tra'koms,

transalpine trans'aelpm, trasnz-, -pain

tre-

track traek [tracked traekt |-age -idj

transatlantic jtraensat'laentik,

tract traekt

^traenz-

transcend traen'send [-ed -id

tractability jtraekta'bibti

tractable 'traektabl |-bly -bh

transcendence traen'sendans [-cy

tractarian traek'terian, -'ter- [-ism -^izam

transcendental jtraensen'dEntl

-jizam

tractate 'traektet

tractor 'traekta^; 'tresi

trade

tred

ES

|-sman

'tredid

-zman

ES

-jaaik,

E+

transfer v traens'fy;

ES -f3(r, -fy ES -'f3(r, -fe;

tradition tra'dijan

acc^ -ftransjfera'bility

-h

|-al -1 |-ally

traduce tra'djus, -'dius, -'dus

London

Spain,

j-s

transferable traens'fs'abl; ES-F-'fsra-; |-bly -iz \-d -t

ES

tra'faelga';

transfigure traens 'figja^;

trafi&c 'traehk |-ked -t

ES

'triefa-d;

-bh

|-tlis

ES

transform traens'farm;

-Gs

transformation

tragedian tra'dsidian

ES

transfuse traens'fjuz, -'fiuz

tragedy 'traedsadi -Ii,

transience 'traenjans [-cy

trainman 'trenman [-men -man, -jmen

transigent 'traensadsant

trait tret

transit 'traensit, -zit 'treta(r; |-ess -is, -tris |-ous

-iz |-d -d

|-es -iz |-ed -t

-i [-ent

-ant

transition traen'zijan, traens 'ifan transitive 'traensativ

-as, -tras

transitory

traitress 'tretris |-es -iz

Trajan 'tredsan traject n 'traedsekt

Trans-Jordan

trajectory tra'dssktari,

trance traens;

[-d

-d

E + trans,

Transjordania

-tri

-nja;

tranquil 'traenkwil, 'traeo- [ly

-kjan

ES

traenz-;

^traensdsar'denia,

-dsa'den-;

traensUet,

[-n

,traenz-.

-n

tr«nz-

[-d

-id

|-tion

transliterate traens'Lta^ret, trsenz- [-d -id

-iz [-d -t

|-s

transliteration jtraenshtaVe/an, jtraenz-

translucence traens'lusns, traenz-, -'hu- [-cy -i>

-kwah

-I

|-ed

[-cent -snt

transmigrate traens'maigret, traenz-

tranquillity traen'kwilati, traegtraenz-

traens^sardn,

-'le/an

[-ling -plig, -plig

trans;

ES

translate

'trenijO, 'tran-, -njo

trasns'aekt,

S

-jtan;

'traenza-,

-'dsaadn

tram traem [trammed tr^emd trammel 'traeml |-ed -d tramp traemp [tramped traempt trample 'traempj

'traensa^ton,

-jtori

traject v tra'dsekt |-ed -id |-ction -k/an

-id

|-ion

[-d -id

transmigration jtraensmai'grejan, ^traenztransmissible traens 'misabj, traenz-

See in full §§3-47.

[bath baeO;

|-s

transgress traens'grts, traenz-

train tren |-ed -d |-band -^baend

Key:

-fa-

transgression traens 'gr£Xan, traenz-

T-, Traill trel [trailed treld

transact

ES

transfusion traens 'fjusan, -'fiu-

-ikh

tragicomedy jtraedsi'kamadi; ES-h-'kom-

ES

-'faam; [-ed -d

^traensfa^ 'me/an;

'mejan

tragedienne tra^dsidi'tn {Fr traje'djen)

tragic 'triedsik |-al -I |-ally

-'figja(r; [-d -d

transfix traens'fiks [-es -iz [-ed -t [-ion -k/an

'traefad

tragacanth 'traega^kaenG

ES + -'f3rans

transference traens'fyans;

transfiguration jtraensfigja'rejan, traensjfigja-

{Sp trafal'gar)

traitor 'treta^;

[-red -d

transferability jtraensfs^a'bilati; ES-h-fsra-;

-t

trade-union 'tred'junjan |-ism -jizam

Tranio

ES-i-

transept 'traensept [al traen'septl transfer n 'tr^ensfy;

'tred^mark;

-jma:k; |-ed

trail,

jtraenskonta'nEntl;

transcript 'traen^skript [-ption traen'sknpjan

[traded

trade-mark

Trafford

-ant [-ism

transcribe traen'skraib [-scribed -'skraibd

'traekt3(r

1-smen -zman

-'faelg3(r;

-i

-kon-

traction 'traek/an j-tive -trv

Tracy

-i |-ent

[-ly

[-ist -ist

transcontinental

tractile 'traektl, -til

Trafalgar

[-ally

-li, -ikli

E

bee bi [pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet \zt [sang saeg [angr>^ 'aeg-gri ba6 (§10) [ah a [far far [watch watj, wot/ (§12) [jaw dgD [gorge gards [go go

transmission

Tremont

4^7

ES

transmission traens'mifan, traenz-

Tra vers

Trans-Mississippi jtraensmisa'sipi, ;traenz-

traverse 'traeva^s,

|-tal -1

transmit traens'mit, traenz- |-ted -id

transmutation

^traenz-,

jtraensmju'te/an,

-nuu-

-vys;

'traeva'z;

-IZ |-d -t

|-s

Traverse

'traeva^s;

'traevaz;

—

-iz

|-'s

ES

'traeva^s;

-vas,

-vss,

flcc/+ tra' verse

ES 'traevas; |-'s -iz ES 'traeva-; |-tine

travertin 'traev^tm;

transmute traens'mjut,

traenz-, -'miut |-d -id

transoceanic jtraensqfi'aenik, jtraenz-

travesty

transom 'traensgm

Travis

|-ed -d

'traevisti, -vasti |-tied

-d

'traevis |-'s -iz

transpacific jtraenspa'sifik

trawl tral [trawled trald

transparence traens'psrans, -'paer-; S -'paer-;

tray tre |trayed tred

treacherous 'tret/aras, 'tret/ras |-ry

-rent -rant

|-cy -I

-tin,

-jtin

-ri

I

ES

transpire traen'spair;

transplant traens'plaent;

-'spai3(r; |-d -d

treacle 'trikl |-d -d |-Hng 'triklig,

E + -'plant,

tread tred

-'plant;

n

transport

-part;

ES

-poat,

-'part;

ES

-'poat,

'traensport,

E + -p33t

treaded adj 'trtdid treadle 'tredl j-d -d |-ling 'tredlig, -dlig

v

traens'port,

E+-'paat; |-ed -id

treadmill 'tred^mil |-ed -d

treason 'trizn |-ed -d |-ing -znig, -znig

transportation jtraenspa^'te/an;

ES

treasonable 'triznabl, 'trizna- |-bly -bb

-pa-

transposal traens'pozl

transpose traens'poz

treasonous 'triznas, 'triznas -iz

]-s

[-d

-d ('trans-

jposed 'accent)

treasure

-3a (r;

treasurer 'tresra^, -sara^;

transship traens'Jip, tr^nj'jip |-ped

treat,

transubstantiate ^traensab'staenjijet

treatise 'tritis

|-d -id

transubstantiation jtraensabjstaenji'efan

Transvaal traens'val, traenz-

T-

-'vssj,

ES -ra(r ES 'tr£3a-

-iz [treaty 'triti

|-s

Trebizond 'trebi^zand; ES-h-jZond

-bh

Trebonius tn'bonias, -njas

ES

traenz-;

traens'vs^s,

-'v3S,

-'vys; ('transjverse 'section)

-iz

|-n

-n

tree-run 'tri'iAn ('tree^run 'apples)

trap traep [trapped traept

trapeze trae'piz, tra-

|-s

treeman 'tri^maen [-men -^men treenail, tren- 'tri^nel, 'trenl, 'trAnl

Transylvania jtraensl'venja, -ma

tree-toad 'trijtod

-iz

trefoil 'trifail

trapezium tra'piziam

|-s

trapezoid 'traepa^zaid

|-al ^traepa'zaidl

Treitschke

-z |-zia -zia

'traitJTia

trek trek trekked trekt |

Trelawny

t- 'traepist

tri'lani

traprock 'traep^rak; ES-h-irnk

trellis 'trebs |-es -iz |-ed -t

trapshooting 'traepjjutig

tremble 'trembl

trash traej trashes

trembly 'trembli

'traejiz j-ed -t |-y -i

trauma 'trama, 'trauma traumatic tra'maetik

|-s

-z j-mata

-mata

-d [-ling -blig, -blig

tremendous tri'mendas

—tri'mendsuas, -dsas

is

travail 'traevel, -vl |-ed -d

Thoughts), 1796.

tremolo 'tremljO, 'tremajlo |-ed -d

travail Hrave' tra'vel {Fr traVarj)

travel 'traevl |-ed -d |-ing 'traevhg, -vlio traveler, -Her 'traevla^, 'traevla';

|-d

an old variant frequently heard, spelt tremenduous in 1632, 1742 {Young's Night

j-ally -Ii, -ikli

traumatism 'trama jtizam

ES

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^;

ES

Tremont

US

'trimnnt;

-a(r

places

tri'mant, in

ES+-'mDnt; Boston

Me

street

loc.

'tre-

mant, 'trsmant, 'trimant; ES+-mDnt

travelogue, -log 'traevlpg, -^ag, -^ng [full

|-'s

tree tri [treed trid

-'vs'sl; |-ly -I

|

|-ring

[treated 'tritid

trit

treble 'trebl [-d -d |-bly

ES

transversal traens'vysl, traenz-;

-d

|-d

-sn

treasure-trove 'tre3»'trov;

-t

Trans-Siberian ^traenssai'birian, ,traensai-

transverse

ES

'tre5»;

'tresarig, -3rig |-ry -3ari,

transposition jtraenspa'zi/an

Trappist,

ES+trod; [trodden

|trod trad;

'tradn or trod trad; ES-f-D-

i-ed -id

transport

-khg

'fs'Sa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

tremor

trimonthly

438

tremor 'trema',

ES

'trima';

-m3(r

Trichinopoly,

tremulous 'tremjabs

-li

jtnt/i'napah; ES-h-'nop-

trichinosis jtrika'nosis trick trik [tricked trikt ]-ery -an, -ri

trenail 'tri^nel, 'trenl, 'trAnl

trench trentj trenches 'trentjiz |-ed |

trickle 'trikl [-d -d [-ling -klig, -klig

-t

trenchancy 'trent/ansi -chant -tjant

trickster 'triksta^;

|

ES

trencherman 'trentjaman;

-tja-;

[-men

-man

ES

-sta(r; [-cksy -ksi [-cky

-ki

ES

tricolor 'trai^kAla^;

-jkAla(r; [-ed -d

trend trend [trended 'trendid

tricot 'triko {Fr tri'ko)

Trent trent

tricotine jtrika'tin (Fr trlka'tin)

Trenton 'trentan

tricuspid trai'kAspid

trepan tri'paen |-panned -'paend

tricycle 'traisikl |-d -d [-hng -klig, -klig

trephine tri'fam,

trident 'traidnt

-'fin |-d

-d

tridental trai'denti [-tate -tet

trepid 'trepid |-ity tra'pidati

trepidation ^trepa'dejan

tried traid

trespass 'trespas, -jpaes; E+-;pas, -jpas;

|-es

tress tres

|

triennial trai'emal [-ly -i

ES 'trai-a(r ES tria(r; {Ger

trier 'traia^;

-iz |-ed -t

Trier trir;

tresses 'tresiz [tressed trest

tri:r)

Tressel 'tresj

tries traiz

trestle 'tresj |-d -d |-ling -slig, -slig

Trieste tri'est {li tri'este)

Trevelyan triVeljan, -VilTreves

trivz

|-'s

-iz

-d

trifle 'traif j [-d

{Fr trezv, Ger Trier

tri:r)

Trevisa tra'visa

[hng

'traiflig, -flig

ES

-iW;

trifling adj 'traiflig |-fler

-fla(r

trifohate trai'foliit, -lijet

trews truz, triuz |-man

-man |-men -man

trey tre trey-ace 'tre'es

triforium trai'foriam, -'far-; S -'for-;

triable 'traiabl

trig trig [trigged trigd

triad 'traiaed, -ad

trigger 'triga^;

trial 'traial, trail

triglyph 'traiglif |-ed

triangle 'traijjeijgl ]-d -d |-ling -glig, -giro

triangular trai'aeggjala^;

|-s

ES

ES

'triga(r; [-ed

triglyphic trai'glifik

trigonometric

-'aeggjala(r

-d

-t |-al -1 |-al -1

jtrigana'metrik

[-al

-1

[-afly

-h, -ikh

triangularity jtraiaeggja'Iaerati, trai^aeg-

triangulate adj trai'aeggjalit, -Jet

trigonometry jtnga'namatri; ES-t--'nDm-

triangulate v trai'seggja^let |-lated -Jetid

trigraph 'traigraef; E-i--graf, -graf

triangulation itraiaeggja'lejan, trai^aeg-

trihedron trai'hidran

Trias 'traias

trilateral trai'laetaral [-ly -i

|-sic

trai'aesik

Trilby

tribal 'traibl ]-ly -i

tribase 'trai^bes

|-sic

tribe traib |-sman

trai'besik

-z |-dra -dra

'trilbi

ES

trilinear trai'linia';

-zman |-smen -zman

|-s

-'lini-aCr

trilingual trai'liggvval

tribrach 'traibraek, 'trib-

triUteral trai'htaral [-ly -i

tribulation Jribja'le/an

trill tril [trilled

tribunal tri'bjunl, trai-, -'biun-

trillion 'triljan |-th -6 [-ths -Gs

tribunate 'tribjanit, -^net

trillium 'triliam

tribune 'tribjun, newspapers often tri'bjun.

trilobate trai'lobet [-d -id |-bal -bl

-'biun

trild

-z

|-s

trilobite 'traila^bait

tributary 'tribjajteri

trilogic tri'ladsik, trai-; ES-t--'liod5-

tribute 'tribjut |-buted -bjutid

trilogy 'triladsi

trice trais

trim trim -med -d |-mer

|

trices 'traisiz [triced traist

ES

trimeter 'trimata-;

triceps 'traiseps |-es -iz |-cipites trai'sipajtiz

trimetric trai'metrik

trichina tri'kaina |-nae -ni -nous 'trikanas

trimonthly trai'mAnGli

See in full §§3^7.

jbath baeO;

E

bee bi [pity

baG (§10) [ah a

[far

'piti

-3^;

ES

-a(r

'trimata(r

tricentennial jtraisen'temal, -njal

Key:

-z

[-ria -la

|

|-al -}

(§6) [rate ret |yet jet [sang saeg [angry 'asg-gri

far [watch watj,

wntj

(§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

— Trinculo Those words below in which

a sound

the

is spelt

T- tram

trivia 'trivia

trinitrotoluene traijnaitro'taljujin

triviahty ^trivi'aelati

T-

trio

music

Trio

'trio

'trio,

'tnvjal, -vial

]-l

triviahze 'trivial^aiz, -vjal-

'trinati

trivium 'triviam

trinket 'trigkit |-ed -id |-ry -ri

trinomial trai'nomial

-i |-Ient

trivet 'trivit

|-ian jtrina'daedian

Trinitarian ^trma'terian, -'ter- |-ism -jizam

trinity,

and S

-lant

[-nal -1

Trinidad 'trinajdaed

E

are often pronounced with n in

trivalence trai'velans, 'trivalans |-cy

Trinculo 'trigkjajo trine,

troublesome

439

|-ly -i

|-ism -^izam

'group of three'

'trio, 'traio

|-s

-iz |-d -d

|-via -via

triweekly trai'wikli ('tri^weekly 'news)

Trix triks

-iz ]-y, -ie -i

|-'s

Troad 'tro«d

triolet 'traiaht

Troas

trip trip [tripped tript

Trocadero ^traka'diro {Fr trakade'ro)

tripartite trai'partait, 'tripa^^tait;

ES

-'pa:t-,

'troas, 'troaes

-iz

|-'s

trochaic tro'ke-ik

troche 'troki

-pa-, E+-'pa:t-

trochee 'troki

tripe traip

triphthong 'trifOag,

'trip-,

trod trad trodden 'tradn

-Gng |-ed -d

triphthongal trif'Gaggl, trip-,

-'fiagl,

|

-'Gog-

troglodyte 'tragla^dait, 'trogTroilus 'trailas, 'tro-ilas

j-ly -I

triple 'tripl |-d -d |-ling -plig, -plig

Trojan 'trodsan

triplet 'triplit

troll trol

|-s

|-'s

in Chaucer

-iz

usually trisyllabic; in Shak. only twice so

triplane 'trai^plen

-s

triplex 'tripleks, 'trai-

1

trolled trold

trolley, -lly 'trail |-ed, -ied -d

tripHcate n, adj 'tripbkit, -jket

trollop 'tralap |-ed -t

triplicate v 'tripla^ket |-cated -^ketid^

Trollope 'tralap |-pian tra'lopian

triplication jtripla'ke/an

trombone 'trambon, tram'bon ('trom^bone

triply 'tripli

'solo)

Trondheim, -hjem 'tranhem, 'tranjem

tripod 'traipad Tripoli 'tripali |-tan tri'palatn

trone tron troned trond

Tripolis 'tripalis

troop trup |trooped trupt

|-'s

|

-iz

tripos 'traipas |-es -iz

trope trop

triptych 'triptik

trophic 'trafik

trireme 'trairim

trophy

trisect trai'sekt |-ed -id |-ction

-k/an

triste

Fr

troposphere

trist

Tristram 'tristram -ikh

'tropa^sfir;

ES

tro'pistik

-jsfia(r,

S+

troppo 'trapo (It "'lappo)

Trossachs 'trasaeks, -saks,

trisyllable tri'silabi, trai-, 'trisil-, 'trai-

trot trat

trite trait

troth traG, troG, trnG

Triton 'traitn

|

'trns-

trotted 'tratid |-'s

-Gs |-ths -Gs, -tJz

|-ed -t

triturate 'tritjajret [-d -id |-tion jtrit/a 're/an

Trotsky

triumph 'traiamf, -mpf

trotter 'trata^;

|-ed -t

triumphal trai'Ainfl, -'Ampfl

triumphance trai'Amfans, -'Ampf-

'tratski

troubadour |-cy -i |-nt

ES

'trata(r

'truba^dur,

-jdor,

-jdar;

ES

-jdua(r, -jdoa(r, E+-jdaa(r

Troubetskoy tru/b8t'skai, -'betskai

-nt

ES

-'Amva(r; |-ate

-it

triune 'traijun, trai'jun ('tribune 'God) |full

-ikb

|-ist -ist |-pistic

-jsfea(r

trisyllabic ^trisi'laebik, jtrai- |-al -1 |-ally -li,

triumvir trai'Amva';

-a(r

-d

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

tropism 'tropizam

Tristan 'tristsn

ES

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

'trofi |-ied

tropic 'trapik

|-er -9-;

ful Itooth tuG Ifurther 'fytia^;

ES

trouble 'trAbl \-d -d j-hng 'trAbhg, -blig

troublesome 'trAblsam 'fstSa

|-ly -li

Jcustom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy

|using 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij (vision 'vi3an |Eden 'idn |cradle 'kredl |keep

tai

'em 'kipm

— troublous

440

tuft

troublous 'trAbbs

Tryon

Troubridge 'trubrids, cf Trowbridge trough traf, trof, -6 |-s -fs, -vz, -Os, -Sz

tryout 'trai^aut

is esp.freq.

8

N Engd.

in

try-square 'traijskwer, -jskwaer;

|-d -t

ES

troupe trup |trouped trupt

ES

trypanosome 'tnpana^som trysail 'trai^sel, naut. 'traisl

trounce trauns [trounces 'traunsiz trousered 'trauz»d;

'traisn

-zad; |-sers -z

ES

E+tsa:(r

tsar tsar;

trout traut |trouted 'trautid

tsarevitch 'tsara^vitj;

ES

ES

'trov3(r

trow tro trowed trod |-'s -iz,

cf

Troubridge

-an |-ans -anz

t- trDi |-an

truce trus, trms

'triu- |-ant

E+tsa-wsky

truculence 'trAkjalans, 'truk- |-cy

trudge trAds [trudges 'trAdsiz

|-d

-i |-nt

-nt

Tuba

truepenny 'tru^peni,

Tubal

'triu-

-d

tuber

'trmh

truncheon

'tuba 'tjubj, 'tiubl, 'tubl 'tiu-, 'tu-

[-bal -1 [-bar -3^;

'tjuba^, 'tiu-, 'tu-;

tubercle 'tjuba-kl,

|-d -id |-tion

'tr Ant/an

ES

ES

'tiu-, 'tu-;

|-ery -an, -ri

tuberculosis

ES trAg'ke/an

|-ed -d

tjujbs^kja'losis,

tiu-,

tuberose 'tuberous' 'tjuba^ros, tuberose

_^o?iief

tubule 'tjubjul, 'tiubjul, 'tubjul

Truro

tuck,

'truro, 'triuro

trustworthy 'trAstiWytSi;

ES

-jwaSi, -jWySi

'tiu-, 'tu-;

T-

'tAka^;

ES

ES

'tAka(r;

-iz

-la(r

|-ed -d

j-ing

tucket 'tAkit

—

Tucson tu'san, -'son, -'san Tudor 'tjuda^, 'tiu-, 'tu-; ES Tuesday 'tjuzdi, 'tiuz-, 'tuz

trusty 'trAsti -Gs |-ths

-tJz,

-Gs

[-ly -i

arc/ -i-

'Tucson

-da(r see

IMonday

tufa 'tjufa, 'tiufa, 'tufa

try trai [tried traid

ES + -lDn

tuff tAf

-pn

See in full §§3-47.

E

[-s

'tiu-, 'tu-

'tAkarig, 'tAkrig

trustful 'trAstfal [-ly -i

[bath baeG;

ta-;

T- tAk [tucked tAkt

tucker,

trust ttAst [trusted 'trAstid |-ee trAs'ti

Key;

tu-,

tuckahoe, T- 'tAka^ho

trusses 'trAsiz [trussed trAst

try-on 'trai^an, -jon,

-'bs-

'tiu-, 'tu-

tubular 'tjubjala^,

trylon 'trailan;

ES

'tjub^roz, 'tiub-, 'tub-

trunnion, T- 'trAnjan |-ed -d

truthful HruGfal, 'triuG-

-bakl

-jbsk-, -^bs'k-

trunk trAgk [trunked trAgkt

|-'s

-a(r

kjala(r, -'bykjala(r; [-lin -lin |-lous -las

tuberous 'tjubaras,

truth true, triuO

ES

-ba(r

trundle 'trAndl |-d -d |-ling 'trAndhg, -dlig

truss trAs

-z |-bae -bi

tubercular tju'bykjala^, tiu-, tu-, ta-;

'triu-

Trumbull 'trAinbl trump trAmp [trumped trAmpt trumpet 'trAmpit |-ed -id truncate 'trAgket

[-s

tree 'tuba

tube tjub, tiub, tub

'triu-

'truman,

ES

'tsu/ijina

Tubal-cain 'tjublyken,

trull trAl 'truli,

-jskweaCr,

tuba nut, liquor 'tuba

'trAdsan |-ed -d

truffle 'trAfl, 'trufl |-d

E

tuba 'horn' 'tjuba, 'tiuba, 'tuba tuba mythical

-d

true tru, triu |-d -d ]-love -jIav

truly

-'knf-.

tub tAb [tubbed tAbd

truckle 'trAkl |-d -d |-ling 'trAklig, -klig

Truman

t/ai'kafski,

tsetse 'tsetsi

Tsushima tsalfima, Tuareg 'twareg

j-s -iz |-d -t

truism 'truizam,

-iz

-jskwaeaCr

|

t-

tsarina tsaVina;

Tschaikovsky,

T-square 'ti^skwer, -jskwaer;

-ant

truck trAk trucked trAkt

Trudgen,

|-'s

Tsingtao 'tsig'tau

trowel 'traual, traul |-ed -d

truancy 'truansi,

E + 'tsara-;

-vski, -'kauski

Trowbridge 'trobrids Troy,

tsa:(r,

tsarevna tsa'rsvna; E+tsa-

-V£3(r

trove trov trover 'trova^;

-jskweaCr,

tryst trist, traist [-ed -id

trousseau tru'so, 'truso

trouvere tru'ver;

E

-jskwaea(r

tuft tAft [tufted 'tAftid

bee bi [pity

baG (§10) [ah a

[far

'piti

(§6) [rate ret [yet jet jsang sajg [angry 'aeg-gri

far [watch watj, wotj" (§12) jjaw dsa [gorge gard3 [go go

tug

441

turpitude

tug tAg Itugged tAgd |-boat -jbot

turbinate v 'tyba^net;

Tuileries 'twilariz {Fr

turbine 'tybain,

tqil'ri)

tuition tju'i/an, tiu-, tu- |-al -1 |-ary

Tulane

tju'len, tiu-, tu-

Tulare

tu'leri, -'laeri;

ES

turbot 'tybat;

iCri

ES

ES

Turco

tulip 'tjubp, 'tiu-, 'tu-, -ip

Turcoman 'tykaman; ES

jtAb'mor,

ES

-'mor;

-

'moa(r.

Tulsa

'tAlsa

'ta^ko;

n

ts^f ;

;

- 'xjuan)

'genjif)

ES 'tAmbbCr

1

Turin

tumefaction jtjuma'faekj'an,

Turk

^tiu-, ^tu-

ES

ta-k;

Turkestan

tumidity tju'midati,

Turkmen

ES

'tjuma', 'tiu-, 'tu-;

-m3(r; 1-ed -d

tumult 'tjumAlt,

'tu- |-es -iz

-li

-Jai

'tads-, 'ta^ds-

ES

ta-, ty-

tak, ta^k; |-ish -ij

^tyki'staen,

-'stan;

ES

^taki-.

.ta-ki-

Turkey,

t- 'ta^ki;

ES 'taki, 'tyki ES 'tak-, 'tyk-

'tankmen;

Turkmenistan

tuna 'tuna

turn ta^n;

Tunb ridge 'tAnbnds

|-'s

jtykmeni'staen,

-'stan;

ES

|-d

|-'s

-iz

-n

|-n

tAijk'baenak

tunnel 'tAnl [-ed -d 'tAiu

Tunstall 'tAnstl

tup tAp tupped tApt 1

t- 'tjupajlo, 'tiu-, 'tu-

turban 'ta^ban;

tiu-, tu- |-n -n

ES

'tsb-, 'tyb-; ]-ed -d

Turberville, -vile 'ts'ba^jVil;

turbid 'tybid;

ES

ES

'tsba-, 'ta^ba-

ES

t3-,

-d

[-about

ful |tooth tu6 [further

ES

l-d-d 'tapin, 'typin

turpitude 'typajtiud, -jtiud, -jtud;

ty-

turbinate adj 'tybanit, -^net;

'ta-p-;

Turpin 'typin; ES

'tabid, 'ts^bid

turbidity ty'bidati;

|-ed

ES 'tan-, 'tynES 'tan-, 'tynturncoat 'tyn^kot; ES 'tan-, 'tyn-; |-ed -id turndown 'tyn^daun; ES 'tan-, 'tynturner, T- 'tyna^; ES 'tanaCr, 'tynaCr turnip 'tynap, -ip; ES 'tan-, 'tyn-; j-ed -t turnkey 'tyn^ki; ES 'tan-, 'tynturnout 'tyn^aut; ES 'tan-, 'tynturnover 'ta^UjOva-; ES 'tanjOva(r, 'tynjOvaCr turnpike 'tyn^paik; ES 'tan-, 'tyn-; [-d -t turnspit 'tyn^spit; ES 'tan-, 'tynturnstile 'tyn^stail; ES 'tan-, 'tynturntable 'tyn^tebl; ES 'tan-, 'tynturpentine 'ta^pan^tain, 'typm-; ES 'tap-,

'tiu-, 'tu- |-ked -t |-le -j

Turania tju'renia,

ta^n;

-Ink

turnbuckle 'tyn^bAkl;

Tunisia tju'ni/ia, tiu-, tu-, -/a

Tunkhannock

tan,

-z

Turnbull 'tyn^bul;

-d

tungsten 'tAgstan

'tjunis, 'tiu-, 'tu-

ES

ES 'ta-, 'ty-, ES 'ta-, 'ty-

|-s

-a^baut

-iz

tundra 'tAndra, 'tundra tune tjun, tiun, tun tunic 'tjunik,

Turlock 'tylak; turmoil 'tymail;

1

ffull

ES

Turkoman 'ta^kaman; ES 'tak-, 'tyk-; Turkomen 'tyka^men; ES 'tak-, 'tyk-

'tiu-, 'tu- |-ed -id

tju'iriAkJ'uas, tiu-, tu-

tumulus 'tjumjabs, 'tiu-, tun tAn tunned tAnd

Tupelo,

j-cy -i

^tak-, ;tyk-

|-OUS -3S

tunny

ta-, ty-;

'tjurin, 'tiu-, 'tu-

tumefy 'tjumajfai, 'tiu-, 'tu- |-fied -jfaid tumescence tju'mesns, tiu-, tu- |-scent -snt tumid 'tjumid, 'tiu-, 'tutiu-, tu-

ES

-scent -snt

turgidity ty'dsidati;

tumbrel, -bril 'tAmbral

'tads-, 'tyds-

turgescence ty'dsesns;

turgid 'ta'dsid;

'shed)

Tunis

ES

turgent 'ta^dsant;

tumbler 'tAmbla^;

tumultuous

'tak-, 'tyk-; j-s -z

turf V tyf ;

tumble 'tAmbl |-d -d |-ling 'tAmbkg, - bjiO tumble-down 'tAmbl'daun ('tumble -jdown

tumor

'tako, 'tyko

tureen tu'rin, tiu'rin, tju'rin turf

Tullichewan jtAli'kjuan, -'kiuan {Sc 'tAli

'tab-, 'tyb-; |-cy -i

ES taf, tyf |-'s -s |-s -s or -rves -vz ES taf, tyf; |-s -s |-ed -t Turgenev tur'genjif; ES tua-; {Rus tur-

E+-'m33(r; ('Tulla^more 'Road) tulle tjul, tiul, tul {Fr tyl)

Tully

'ts-, 'ty-

|-lent -lant

-'laeri

tularemia, -raem- jtulaVimia

Tullamore

'tab-, 'tyb-; |-d -id

'ta-, 'ty-

turbulence 'tybjalans;

S

ES

-bm; ES

'tab- , 'tyb-

'fa^'Sa^;

ES

'fatJa

ES

'tap-.

'typ-

|custom 'kAstam [while hwail |how hau |toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, liuz |dish dij" [vision 'vigan [Eden 'Id^ [cradle 'kredj [keep 'em 'kipip

—

—

'tykwoiz,

turquoise

ES

-koiz;

'ts-,

tweedledee, T- ^twidj'di

'ty-;

ES

turret 'tyit, 'turit;

ma6,

'tsr-, 'tAr-, 'ty-, 'tur-;

ES

turtle 'tytl;

'tstl, 'tytl; \-d

turves tyvz;

ES

Tweddell

ES

-^miur;

'tween twin tweezers 'twiza-z;

Tuscaloosa ^tAska'lusa

Tuscarora jtAska'rora,

'twidz^mjur,

tweet- tweet 'twit'twit |-ed -id

tsvz, ts'vz

Tuscan 'tAskan |-y -i Tuscarawas jtAskaVawas

-jmaufl, loc. 'twsd-

-;mjua(r, -jmiua(r

-d 1-ling -tlio.

|-dove -'dAV, -jdAV

-tlio

cf

Tweedsmuir

|-ed -id

-d |-dum -'dAm

|-d

Tweedmouth 'twidmaO,

-IZ

|-S

twofold

442

turquoise

ES

-zaz; |-zered -zad;

ES

-zad twelfth twelfe |-ths -Gs

-iz

|-'s

Twelfth-night 'twelfO^nait

S -'rora

-'rDra;

Tusculum 'tAskjabm

twelve twelv |-mo -mo |-month -jmAn6

tush tAj tushes 'IaJiz |tushed tAjt

twelvepenny 'twElv^peni, -pani

1

tusk tAsk tusked tAskt

Twemlow

Tuskegee tAs'kigi Tussaud ta'so, tu-

twenty 'twenti

tussle 'tAsj |-d -d |-ling 'tAslig, HasIiq

'twere

1

inlj

ES

twice-told 'twais'told ('Twice-^Told 'Tales)

alveolar click)

Twickenham 'twikanam, 'twiknam, /orwzer/y

tut n, V tAt tutted 'tAtid 1

Tutankhamen jtutagk'anun, -an

{17c

-l-'twit-

Twittenham) -d |-hng 'twidlig, -djig

tutelage 'tutlid5, 'tm-, 'tju-

twiddle 'twidl

tutelary 'tutljEri, 'tiu-, 'tju-

twig twig twigged twigd

tutor

'tuta-, 'tiu-, 'tju-;

ES

|-d

1

twilight 'twaijlait

-t3(r; [-ed -d

twill twil

tutorial tu'torial, tiu-, tju-, -'tar-; S -'tor-;

'twill

l-ly -I

'it

1

twilled twild

will' stressed 'twil, ^twil; imstr. tl

Unstr. twal, twl are rarely used.

tutti-frutti 'tuti'fruti (It 'tuttl'frutti)

Tuttle

twin twin twins twinz twinned twind

'tAtl

|

|

tu-whit tu'hwit tu-whoo tu'hwu

twine twain twined twaind

Tuxedo,

twinge twinds twinges 'twindsiz

1

t-

-3(r,

twa(r

twice twais

tongue-blade

suction

'loss)

ES

were' stressed 'twy, jtwy;

'it

-y; unstr. twa^;

-t

(voiceless

?

|-tieth -tiiG |-tieths -tiiGs

twentyfold 'twenti'fold ('twenty jfold

tussock ^Asak |-ed tut

'twemlo

tAk'sido, -da

Twaddell musician,

|-d

-d

|-d

|

twinkle 'twigkl

linguist twa'del, physicist

-d |-ling 'twigklig, -klig

twinkling n 'twigklig

'twadl, 'twodi

twaddle 'twadl, 'twodl

ES

twirl tws^l;

-d |-ling -dlig.

|-d

twsl, tw3^1; |-ed -d

twist twist twisted 'twistid

-dlio

1

twain, T- twen |-ed -d

twit twit [twitted 'twitid

twang twaso twanged twaeod

twitch

twit/

[twitches

[twitched

'twitjiz

I

'twas

'it

twit/t

was' stressed 'twaz, 'twoz, 'tWAz,

jtwaz, jtwDz, (twAz; unstr. twaz

twitter

'twasn't Ht was not' 'twaznt, 'twoznt, 'twAznt,

Tweed-dale; 'twidjdel, 'twidl, twa'dtl, are due to other influences.

tweedle 'twidl

Key:

|-d

-d

E

|-ed

-d

|-ing

two tu of

etc.,

Cf Tweedmouth

two-by-four adj 'tuba'for,

-'far;

ES

-'foaCr,

ES

-ifoa(r.

E + -'fa3(r two-by-four n

'tuba jf or,

-jfar;

E4--jfaa(r

two-faced

'twidl

'tu'fest ('two-^faced 'Janus)

two-fisted 'tu'fistid |-ling 'twidlig, -dlii)

See in full §§3^7.

|bath baeG;

'twita(r;

'twixt twikst

jtwaznt, jtwnznt, ^twAznt

tweak twik tweaked twikt Tweddell 'twtdl the purely phonetic form

Tweed, t- twid Tweeddale 'twid^del, Tweedle 'twidj

ES

'twit*;

'twitarig, -trig

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

twofold adj, adv 'tu'fold ('twojfold 'gain) (§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr},' 'aeg-gri

far [watch wat/,

wnt/

(§12) jjaw dsa [gorge gard3 [go go

two-handed

ulceration

443

two-handed 'tu'haendid ('two-^handed

typhoon tai'fun typhous 'taifas [typhus

'en-

gine)

'taifss

two-legged 'tu'kgid, -'kgd

typic 'tipik

twopence 'tApans

typify 'tip3jfai |-fied -^faid

'twould

'it

-iz

|-s

twopenny 'tu^pem, twosome 'tusam

-pani, 'tApam

typist 'taipist

typographer tai'pagrafa^, -'pug-;

would''

'twud,

stressed

jtwud;

j-phy

unstr. twad two-way 'tu'we ('two-jway 'bridge) Twyford 'twaifa'd; ES 'twaifad Tybalt 'tiblt

Tyburn

ES

'taiba'n;

Tychicus 'tikikss

Tycho

typothetae tai'pa63jti, tyrannic ti'raenik, tai-

[-ally

-li,

jtaipa'Oiti; ES-i--'pd6|-al -1 [-ally -li [-icly

[-s

-iz |-d -d

tyrannous 'tiranas j-ny -ni

'taiga^t;

ES

tyrant 'tairant [-ed -id

'taigat

tying 'tang

Tyre

tyke talk

tyre tair; 'taila^;

tympan 'timpan

ES

|-ic

|-s

tair;

ES tai3(r; |-rian ES taia(r; j-d -d

Tyrol

-z |-na -na ]-ny -ni

Tyndale 'tmdl |Tyndall 'tmdl Tyne tain -mouth 'tinmaG, 'tain|

'tiral, -al, -dI, ti'rol

Tyrolean

ti'rolian, jtira'lian

Tyrolese

jtira'llz

Irel ti'ron,

'tiral, 'teral,

type taip |t3^ed taipt [-script -jskript

Tyrrhenian

Tyrtaeus ty'tias;

'tai'pi |-s -z

ES

typewrite

[-wrote

'taip^rait

ES

Tyrwhitt

-jS£t3(r -^rot

[-written

-3(r

tai'ron, ti-

cf Terrell

ti'rinian

ES

t3-, ty-; j-'s -iz

'tint, 'tent, cf Tyrrell

Tyson

'taisn

Tytler

'taitla^;

tzar tsar;

'taifaid, tai'faid ('ty^phoid 'fever)

US

Tyrone Tyrrell

Typee

tjrpesetter 'taipjseta';

'tirian

tyro 'tairo

'tailaCr

tim'paenik

tympanum 'timpsnam Tynan 'tainan

typhoid

-1

tyrannicide ti'raenajsaid, tai-

-iz

tyrannize 'tirs^naiz

-jritn |-r -3^;

[-al

-ikh

tycoon tai'kun

Tyler, -lor

-f3(r;

-ikh

'taiban

|-'s

ES

-fi

typographic ^taipa'graefik

'taiko

Tygart

|-al -1 [-ally -li, -ikli

ES

ES

'taitb(r

tsa:(r, E-t-tsa:(r

typhoidal tai'foidl

tzarina tsa'rina; E-t-tsa-

typhonic tai'fanik; ES-h-'fon-

tzetze 'tsetsi

U U, u

letter ju,

jiu \pl U*s, Us, pass U's juz, jiuz

ubiety ju'baiati -ti

U'bA,

'no' ']ia'*''*a (nasal a)

Uhland 'uland {Ger

'urlant)

Uinta, -h ju'inta

'jujbot

Udall, Udale, Udell 'judl, cf

'yes^

uhlan 'ulan, 'ulan

ubiquitary ju'bikwa^ten |-tous -tas [-ty

U-boat

uh-huh

Yewdale

uitlander,

U-

'ait^Iaenda^;

udder 'Ada^; ES 'Ada(r; j-ed -d |-ful -jful udometer ju'damata^; ES -'damataCr, -'dom-

ukase 'jukes, ju'kez

udometric juda'metrik

Ukraine

ugh ux

ju'gaenda, u'ganda

ful [tooth tuG [further 'fytJa^;

{Du

'jukren,

ju'kren,

ju'krain

[-nian

ukulele Juka'leh (Hawaii juku'lele)

&" various guttural soimds

ulcer

ugly 'Agh [full

-JaendaCr;

ju'krenian, -'kramian

Uffizi Gallery u'fitsi

Uganda

ES

'ceytjlandar)

'aW; ES

'Alsa(r; [-ate -^et |-ous -as

ulceration jAlsa're/an

ES

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vigan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kred} [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

Uifilas 'Alfibs, 'ul-

ullage Ulids

l-'s

umph mmip

-11

-iz |-d -d

|-s

Ullswater 'Alz^wDta^, -^wa-, -jWd-;

ulna 'Alna

U-

|-s

ES

-taCr

ulterior Al'tiria^;

and nasal

umpire 'Ampair; ES 'Ampaia(r;

|-d

-d

Umpqua 'Ampkwa umpteen 'Amp'tin

-z |-nae -ni

'Alsta^;

&* various other grunts

puffs

Ulmus, u- 'Almas ulster,

unanswerable

444

Uifilas

ES 'Alst3(r; ES -'tiri'3(r

un- prefix An-,

|-ite -^ait

and meaning

Una

ultima 'Altama |-mate -mit

ultima Thule 'Altama'ejuli,

ultimatum jAlta'metam

|-s

|-th -G |-tietli -tiiO

jAii-,

{see

'An- according to rhythm

§19)

'juna

unabashed jAna'baeJt ]-basliedly unabated jAna'betid ('una^bated

-'Oiuli

-z |-ta -ta

-'baefidli 'zeal)

unable An'ebl

ultimo 'Alta^mo

unabridged jAna'bridsd |-bridgedly -'bndj-

ultra 'Altra

ES

ultraconservative jAltrakan'ss^vativ;

-'s3v-.

idh

unaccented An'aeksentid, ^Anaek'sentid

-'syv-

ultrafashionable jAltra'faefnabl, -'fae/ana-

unacceptable ^Anak'septabl, -ik-

ultramarine jAltrama'rin

unaccommodating

j

ultramicroscopic jAltrajmaikra'skapik;

ES +

ES

jAltra'mada^n;

-'mnd-; [-ism -jizam ultramodernistic

ES +

unaccompanied jAna'kAmpanid unaccountable ^Ana'kauntab}

|-al -1

ultramodern

-bk

-'kom-

ultramicroscope Altra 'maikra jskop

-'skopik;

|-bly

jAna'kama^detig;

-^madan.

|-ist -ist

ES

jAltrajinada'n'istik;

|-bly

unaccounted-for ^Ana'kauntid^far;

-bh

ES

-jfaaCr

unaccustomed jAna'kAStamd unacquainted jAna'kwentid unaddressed ^Ana'drest ('unadjdressed 'note)

-jmadan-, -jmndan-

ultramontane jAltra'manten; ES+-^mDn-

ES

unadorned jAna'damd;

ultramundane jAltra'mAnden

-'daand; [-nedly

-mdli

ultranationalism jAltra'naeJnaljizam, -/anal-

unadulterated jAna'dAlta^retid

ultrareligious jAltrari'lidsas

unadvisable /Anad'vaizabl |-bly -bli

ultraroyalist jAltra'roialist, -'rojalist

unadvised ^Anad'vaizd |-visedly -'vaizidh

ultraviolet jAltraVaiabt

unaffected jAna'fektid ('unaf^fected 'joy)

unafraid Ana 'fred

ultra vires jAltra'vairiz

ululant 'juljabnt |-late

^

unaided An'edid ('un^aided

-jlet j-lated -^letid

Unalaska ^una'laeska, jAn-

Ulysses ju'lisiz Ulysses' ju'lisiz |

umbel 'Ambl

j-ed -d j-lar -a^;

umbellate 'Amblit,

ES

'Ambarig,

unalienable An'eljanabl, -'elian- |-bly -bli

-a(r

unallotted jAna'latid;

-^et |-ated -^etid

umber 'Amba^; ES 'Amba(r;

-d |-ing

[-ed

ES + -'lDtid

unallowable ^Ana'lauabl |-bly -bli unalloyed ^Ana'bid ('unal^loyed 'pleasure)

-briij

umbilical Am'bibkl

'effort)

Unaka ju'neka

ululation Julja'le/an

unalterable An'altarabl, -tra- |-bly -bk

|-ly -i

umbilicus Ain'bihkas, jAmbi'laikas

|-es

-iz

unaltered An'alta^d;

ES

-'altad

umbles Umblz

unambiguous jAnaem'bigjuas un-American jAna'm£rakan ('un-Ajmerican

umbra 'Ambra |-s -z |-brae -bri umbrage 'Ambrids |-s -iz |-d -d

unaneled 'unannai>ited' jAna'nild

|-ci -ijsai, -'laisai

'way)

umbrageous Am'bredsas

unanimity Juna'nimati

umbrella Am'brela, am-

unanimous ju'naenamas,

Umbria Umbria

unannealed 'imsofiened' ,Ana'nild

|-n

-n

ju-

umbriferous Am'brifaras

unannounced jAna'naunst

umiak, oom- 'umijaek

unanswerable An'aensarabl, -sra-;

umlaut 'umlaut |umlauted 'umlautid

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

|bath

lb«!a:

E

bee bi |pity

bad (§10) |ah a

|far

-'an-; |-bly 'piti

(§6) |rate ret

far |watch watj,

wntj

E + -'an-,

-bh

Ij^et

jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeo-gri

(§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

— unanswered

445

unanswered An'aensa^d; ES -'aensad, E + -'an-,

unbelief ^Anba'lif,

unbelievable

-'an-

unappeasable jAna'pizabl

|-bly -bli

l-bly

unappreciable jAna'pri/iabl, -Jabl |-bly -bli

unappreciated jAna'pri/ijCtid

unapproached /Ana'prot/t unapproved ^Ana'pruvd ('unap^proved 'act) unapt An'aept unargued An'argjud; ES -'a:gjud; E +

E + -'a:m;

ES

-bi'liva^;

-'bent or -bended

|-bent

unbeseeming jAnbi'simig unbiased An'baiast ('un^biased 'view)

unbid An'bid ]-den -n

|-ed -d

unbind An'baind |-bound -'baund unblamable An'blemabl |-bly -bh unbleached An'blitjt ('un^bleached 'musUn)

|-edly -idli

unarmored

-bl'iva',

-'bendid |-able -abj |-bly -bh

-'argjud

-'a:m,

-bi'liv-

unbelt An'beh |-ed -id

unbend An'bend

-bh

|-bly

-bj'iv-,

-bh

-V3(r; |-ving -vig

|-tive -tiv

unapproachable jAna'protJabl

AnWm; ES

-bl'if, -bi'llf

jAnba'livabj,

unbeliever jAnba'liva',

unappetizing An'£ep3,taizig

unarm

uncared-for

An'arma^d;

ES

E+

-'aimad,

unblemished An'bknujt unblessed, -st An'blest j-sedness -sidnis

-'a.-mad

ES

unartistic jAnar'tistik;

-a:'tistik,

E + -a:-;

|-al -1 |-ally -li, -ikli

unashamed jAna'/emd |-shamedly unasked An'aeskt;

E

-'/emidli

unblushing An'blA/ig

unbodied An'badid; ES + -'bDdid unbolt An'bok i-ed -id

unborn

-'askt, -'asskt, -'askt

ES

Aii'barn;

-'boan

unassailable jAna'sebbl |-bly -bh

unbosom An'buzam, -'buzam

unassimilated jAna'simaJetid

unbought An'bat unbounded Aii'baundid ('un^bounded unbowed 'not bowed down' An'baud unbowed 'not bent as a bow' An'bod

unassisted ^Ana'sistid ('unas^sisted 'eye)

unassummg jAna'sumig, unattached

-'sium-, -'sjum-

jAna'taet/t ('unat^tached 'rope)

|-ed -d

'joy)

unattainable jAna'tenabl |-bly -bh

unbrace An'bres

|-s

unattested ^Ana'testid

unbraid Aii'bred

|-ed -id ('un^braided 'hair)

-iz |-d -t

-bh

unbreakable An'brekabl

|-bly

unauspicious jAno'spiJas ('unau,spicious 'day)

unbreathed An'briSd

cf

breathed

unauthentic yAna'Oentik

unbridle An'braidl

-d |-ling -dhg, -dlig

unattractive jAna'traektiv ('unat^tractive

|-ally -h,

'air)

-ikh

|-d

unauthenticated jAna'Oenti/ketid

unbroken An'brokan ('un^broken

unauthorized An'aOajraizd |-zedly -zidh

unbruised Aii'bruzd, -'briuzd

unavailable jAna'velabl |-bly -bh

unbuckle Ao'bAkl

unavailing yAna'vehg ('unajvailing 'plea)

unburden

unavenged ^Ana'vendsd

-'wa23(r;

|-s

-'waer;

E

-'w£3(r,

|-s

unbutton An'bAtn

unbaptized ^Anbaep'taizd

-'baer-;

uncage An'kedj

S

|-red -d

-bh

|-ing

-'bAtnig,

unbeaten An'bitn ('un^beaten 'team) unbecoming jAnbi'kAmig

-d

ES

-jfaaCr

|-nily -'kaenli,

uncanonical jAnka'nanikl; -I,

-nih

ES + -'nDn-;

|-ly

-ikh

uncap An'kaep |uncapped An'kaept uncared-for An'kerdjfar, -'kaerd-;

unbeknown ^Anbi'non

jfaaCr,

ES

|-s -iz |-d

uncalled-for An'kaldjfar;

uncanny An'kaeni

-'baer-; |-bly

ful |tooth tu8 [further 'fy'Sa';

-d

|-ed

-tnig

-iz |-d -t

unbar An'bar; ES -'ba:(r, E + -'ba:(r; unbated An'betid ('unabated 'zeal)

|full

|-nt

-nt

unbusinesshke An'biznisjaik

-z

unbearable An'berabl,

-'bydn;

-'bsdn,

unburned An'bend; ES -'bsnd, -'b^nd;

ES

unbaked An'bekt ('un^baked 'dough) unbalance An'baelans

ES

unburied An'bend

unavowed jAna'vaud |-vowedly -'vauidh jAna'vver,

-d |-ling -khg, -khg

l-ed-d

unavoidable jAna'vaidabl |-bly -bh

unaware

|-d

An'bydn;

'series)

'fstSa

ES

E

-'kead-

-'kaead-

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

An'kaetjpgd,

-logged

uncatalogued,

uncorroborated

446

uncatalogued

-^agd,

uncommercial -'my/al;

-,Dgd

/Anka'myjal;

ES

-'ms/al,

|-ly -i

uncommon An'kaman; ES-h-'kom-

uncaught An'kot

uncommunicative jAnka'mjunajketiv, -'miununcomplaining jAnkam'plenig uncompleted jAnkam'plitid ('uncom^pleted

unceasing An'sisig ('unjceasing 'flow)

ES uncensured An'senJVd; ES uncensored An'sensa'd;

-'sensad -'senjad

unceremonious jAnsera'monias, -'monjas uncertain An'sytn, -'sytin;

ES

'job)

-'sat-, -'syt-;

uncomplimentary jAnkampla'mEntari,

-tri;

ES+'kom-

l-ty -ti

unchain An't/en lunchained An'tjend unchallenged An't/aehndsd, -andsd |-bly -bh unchanged An'tjendsd |-ness -'t/endsidnis unchanging An't/endsig ('un^changing 'heat)

unchangeable An't/endsabj

uncharitable An't/aeratabl |-bly -bli

uncharted An'tjartid;

ES

-'tjaitid,

uncomprehending ^Ankampn'hEndig; ES + -komuncompromising An'kamprSjinaizig; ES + -'komunconcealed ^Ankan'sild ('uncon,cealed

unconcern ^Ankan'ss^n;

E+-'tXa:t-

unchaste An'tjest

ES

-d |-edly -idh

unconcerted ^Ankan'sytid;

unchastened An't/esrid ('un^chastened

'heart)

'ire)

-'ssn, -'s3"n; j-ed

ES

-'sat-, -'sat-

unconditional jAnkan'diJanl, -/nal

|-ly -i

unchastity An'tjaestati

unconditioned jAnkan'di/and

unchecked An'tjekt ('unjchecked 'speed) unchristian An'knstjan

unconfined ^Ankan'faind |-finedly -'fainidli

unchurch An'tjyt/; ES

unconfirmed

-'t/stj, -'t/ytj"; j-es -iz

^Ankan'fymd;

unconformity jAnkan'farmati;

|-ed -t

uncial 'An/ial, 'Anjal, 'Ansial

uncongenial jAnkan'dsinjal

|-ly -i

uncircumcised An'sa'kaniiSaizd;

ES

-'ssk-,

ES

-'faamati

|-ly -i

unconnected ,Ank3'n2ktid -krabl |-bly -bli

|-ly -i

unconquered An'kagka^d, -'kog-, -'kog-; ES -kad

unclad An'klaed

unclaimed An'klemd ('unjclaimed 'honor) unclasp An'klaesp;

-'fsmd,

unconquerable An'kagkarabl, -'kog-, -'kag-,

-'syk-; |-sedness -zidnis uncivil An'sivl |-ized -^aizd

ES

-'fymd; l-medly -midli

E + -'klasp,

-'klasp; |-ed

-t

unconscious An'kanjas; ES-H-'kon-

unclassified An'klaesajfaid

unconsecrated An'kansi,kretid; ES-f--'kDn-

uncle 'Arjkl |uncled 'Agkid

unconsidered

unclean An'klin j-ed -d

jAnkan'sida^d;

('uncon^sidered

ES

uncleanly adv An'klinb, adj An'Menli

unconstant An'kanstant; ES-^-'kon-

unclench An'kkntJ

unconstitutional

j-es -iz |-ed -t

Remus 'Agkj'rimas Uncle Sam 'Agkl'saem Uncle

|-'s

-'tu-;

-iz

-'sidad;

'trifles)

jAnkansta'tju/anl,

ES-H-kon-;

-'tiu-,

|-ly -i

unconstrained jAnkan'strend |-nedly -nidli

Uncle Tom's Cabin 'Aokljtamz'kaebin, -jtnniz-

uncontestable jAnkan'tEStabl |-bly -bk

uncloak An'klok |uncloaked An'klokt

uncontrollable jAnkan'trolabl |-bly -bli

unclose adj An'klos

uncontrolled jAnkan'troId |-ledly

unclose v An'kloz

j-s -iz |-d

unclothe An'kloS

|-s

-Sz

|-d

unconventional jAnkan'v£nXanl, -/nal

-d |-dly -idli

unconverted jAnkan'vytid;

uncloud An'klaud |-clouded -'klaudid

unco

'Aijko

uncoil An'kail -coiled -'kaild |

ES -'kAbd uncomely An'kAmk ('un,comely 'speech) uncolored An'kAla^d;

uncomfortable An'kAinfa^tabl; -'kAmfta-; j-bly -bh

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeG;

E

-lidli

-d

ES

-'kAmfat-,

ES

\-\y -i

-'vst-, -'vyt-;

|-tible -tab) j-bly -bh unconvinced jAnkan'vinst [-cedty -sidh uncooked An'kukt ('un^cooked 'food)

un-co-ordinated jAnko'ardrijetid;

uncork An'kark;

ES

ES

An'kaak; |-ed

-'aadn-

-t

uncorrected jAnka'rektid

uncorroborated ,Anka'rabajretid; ES-F-'rob-

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet jet jsang saeg langrj' 'aeg-gri baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj, wotj (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

undergraduate

447

uncorrupted uncorrupted ^Anka'rAptid uncountable An'kauntabl uncouple An'kApl

|-d

under- Compounds in under- vary in accent according

|-bly -bli

-d |-ling -plig, -plig

under 'Anda^;

uncouth Aii'kuG ('unjcouth 'aspect) uncover An'kAva^; ES -'kAV3(r; |-ed -d

|-ing

ES

'AndaCr

underact 'Anda^'aekt [-acted -'aektid

underage

-'kAvarii), -vrig

uncreated jAnkri'etid ('uncre,ated 'worlds)

meaning, rhythm, and sense

to

See note at prefix over-

stress.

'Andrids

'Andarids,

'shortage'

uncredited An'krsditid |-table -tabl |-bly -bli

underage 'Anda^'eds ('under-age

uncritical An'kritikl |-ly

underbid n 'Anda^/bid;

-i, -ikli

uncrowned An'kraund ('unjcrowned

'king)

unction 'Agkjan |-tious -fas j-tional -/anl

unctuosity jAgktJu'asati;

ES + -'ds-

uncultivable An'kAltavabl

uncultivatable An'kAltajvetabl |-vated -jvetid

ES 'Anda^biEd ES 'Andaunderbrush 'Anda^jbrAj; ES 'Andaunderbuy 'Anda^'bai; ES 'Anda-; [-bought underbred n 'Anda^^bred;

-'bat

ES -'kAltJad uncurdled An'kydld; ES -'ksdld, -'kydid

undercarriage 'Anda^^kaerids;

uncurious An'kjurias, -'kiurias

undercharge

uncultured An'kAltJa^d;

uncurtained

ES

-d

-'kal, -'kyl; |-ed

An'kytnd,

ES

-tind;

-'kst-,

ES

n

undercharge

ES

'Anda'^t/ards;

E + -itJa:d3;

|

|-s

ES

'Anda'tjaids,

ES

underclothed 'Anda^'klo'Sd;

undamaged An'daemidsd

underclothes 'Anda^jkloz, -jklo'Sz;

undated An'detid

underconsumption

'Anda-

ES

ES jAnda'kAva(r ES 'Anda^ksrant,

undercover jAnda^'kAva^;

undercurrent 'Anda^^kyant;

|

-jkArant, -^ky-

-d

ES 'AndaES ^AiidaES 'Anda-; [-does

undecided ^Andi'saidid

undercut n 'Anda^^kAt;

undecipherable jAndi'saifarabl, -frabl ]-bly

undercut

v ^Anda^'kAt;

underdo 'Anda^'du;

-bli

[-did -'did [-done

undecorated An'dEk3jretid

undefended jAndi'fendid ('unde^fended

'isle)

-id-;

ES

undefensible jAndi'fensabl |-bly -bli

underestimate

underestimation 'Anda^^ESta'meJan

undefined jAndi'faind j-nedly -mdli |-nable

underexpose 'Andarik'spoz -33-;

-vad;

|-rable

'Anda^'esta^met [-d -id

j-ally -li, -ikli

jAndi'manstrativ;

ES +

-'monundeniable iAndi'naiabl |-bly

-iz [-d -d [-sure

ES 'AndaES 'Anda-; [-fed -'fed ES jAnda-; ('under^foot

underfeed v 'Anda^'fid;

'vassal)

undergarment

'Anda^jgarmant;

ES

'Anda-

jga:mant, E-i--jga:mant

undergo jAnda^'go; ES jAnda-; [-went -'went

-bli

undenominational jAndijnama'neJanl, -/nal;

[-gone -'gan, -'gon

undergraduate

ES-i--jnDm-

undependable jAndi'pendabl

[-s

-3a(r

underfoot ^Anda^'fut;

-vrabl, -varabl

undemocratic jAndEma'kraetik

|full

ES

v

underfeed n 'Anda^^fid;

undelayed ,Andi'led ('undejlayed 'mail)

ES

'Anda-

underestimate n 'Anda^'estamit, -^met

undefiled jAndi'faild |-filedly -'faihdli

-nabl |-bly -bli

-'dAz

-'dAn

underdog 'Anda^'dag, -'dog-,

undefeated jAndi'fitid

undemonstrative

ES

'Aiida-

undebated jAndi'betid -table -t3bl

jAndi'liva'd;

'Anda-

'Anda^kan'sAmp/an;

undazzled An'daezld ('un^dazzled 'eyes)

undeKvered

'Anda-

-iz [-d -d

uncut An'kAt ('uujcut 'pages)

|-d

[-s

s -iz

v 'Anda^'t/ardj;

E-h-'tJaids;

undaunted An'dantid, -'dnntid, -'dantid

'Anda-;

-iz

,tSa:d5,

-'kyt-

undeceive jAndi'siv

\past &*

pptc -bid -'bid

underbred adj 'Anda^'bred;

unctuous 'Agktjuas

uncurl An'kyl;

'pupil)

ES 'Anda^bid jAnda^'bid; ES jAnda-;

underbid v

uncrossed An'krast, -'krost

[-s

-iz

ful [tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^;

ES

jAnda^'graedjuit,

-fit;

ES

iAnda-

|-bly -bli 'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan jEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl Ikeep

tai

'em 'kipm

underwent

448

underground

underground adj, adv Unda^'graund; ES Unda-; ('under^ground 'stream) underground n 'Anda^^graund; ES 'Andaundergrown 'Anda^'gron; ES Undaundergrowth 'Anda^^groe; ES 'Anda-; |-ths -es

ES

undersea 'Anda^'si;

ES jAndaES ,Anda-; |-sold -'sold undershirt 'Anda^^/yt; ES 'Andayjst, -yj^t undershoot v jAnda'/ut; ES jAnda-; |-shot

undersecretary ^Anda^'sekrajtEri; undersell jAnda^'sel;

underhand Unda^'haend; ES 'Anda-; ('under-

ES+-'/Dt

-'/at;

underhanded 'Anda^'haendid; ES 'Andaunderhung jAnda^'hAg; ES jAnda-

underside 'Anda- 'said;

underivable jAndi'raivabl

undersign ^Anda^'sain;

ES ^Andaunderlay n 'Anda^Je; ES 'Anda-

undersigned

jside

underlaid /Anda^'led;

ES jAndaES jAnda-; |-laid -'led ES ^Anda-; |-lay -'le ES 'AndaES ^Anda-;

underhne n 'Anda^Jain; underline v jAnda^'lain;

undersize

underslung

'Anda^'lip;

ES

ES

^Anda-; |-ed -d

ES

^Anda^'saind;

jAnda-;

ES

'Anda-;

-d

|-d

ES 'Anda-; [-s -iz ES 'Anda^skst, -jskjt jAnda^'sUg; ES ^AndajAnda^'staend; ES jAnda-; |-stood 'Anda^^saiz;

-'stud

'Anda-;

('under Jip

understandability

understandable jAnda^'staendabl; l-bly

v 'Anda^'maen;

ES

'Anda-; |-ned -d

undermine jAnda^'main; ES jAnda-; |-d -d undermost 'Anda^^most; ES 'Andaunderneath jAnda-'niG, -'niS; ES jAndaundernourish

jAnda^^staenda'bilati;

ES

jAnda-

jlip)

-jmen

ES

'Anda^'nyiJ;

underpass 'Anda'jpaes;

ES

jAnda-;

ES 'Anda-; |-d ES jAnda'Anda'jStraepa^; ES

understate 'Anda^'stet;

understrapper

-id

'Anda-

jStraepa(r

'Anda'nsri/,

understudy 'Anda^^stAdi; undertake

underofficer 'Anda^pfasa^, -^nf- ,-jaf-;

ES

-bh

understood jAnda^'stud;

-'nAr-, -'ny-; |-es -iz |-ed -t

ES -sa(r

'Anda-, E+-jpas,

^Anda^'tek;

ES ES

'Anda^Anda-;

[-took

-'tuk |-taken -'tekan

undertaker ^who undertakes^ jAnda'-'tek*;

ES

jAnda'teka(r; 'funeral director^ 'under^taker

-jpas

underpay Unda^'pe; ES 'Anda-; underpin jAnda^'pin;

ES

|-paid -'ped

undertaking

underpopulated 'Anda^'papjajletid;

underprize 'Anda^'praiz;

ES

'Anda-

ES

'Anda-

'Anda-;

|-s

-iz

l-d-d

ES

underproduction 'Anda^pra'dAk/an;

ES 'Anda 'ret; 'Anda^'raip; ES 'Anda-

underrate 'Anda^'ret;

ES 'Anda-; |-d -d ES jAndaundertow 'Anda^^to; ES 'Andaundertrump ^Anda^'trAmp; ES jAnda-; j-ed -t undervaluation 'Anda^jvaelju'e/an; ES 'Andaundervalue 'Anda^'vaelju; ES 'Anda-; |-d -d underwaters 'Anda^^wata^, -jwata', -jWDta; ES

'Anda-

-ta(r; adj cf

-'raen

underwear 'Anda^jwer,

ES

jAnda^'skor, |-d

-'skar;

ES

jAnda-

-jwaer;

E

'Anda^weacr,

'Andajwaea(r

underweight 'Anda^'wet;

-A—acct + 'under-

ES

'Anda-; ('under-

jweight 'boxer)

underwent jAnda^'went; ES ,Anda-

jscore

See in fidl §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

'under'water jwork and 'under-

jwater 'mines

|-run -'rAn

E + -'sk3a(r;

ES

undertook ^Anda^'tuk;

|-d -id

underrun jAnda^'rAn; ESjAnda-; j-ran underscore

jAnda^'tekig;

undertone 'Anda^^ton;

ES

'pap-, -'pop-

underprivileged 'Anda^'privahdsd;

'enterprise^

jAnda-; 'directing funerals' 'under^taking

jAnda-; |-ned -d

underpinning n 'Anda^jpinig;ES 'Anda-

Key:

7i

understand

-d

|-d

underman n 'Anda'^maen; ES 'Anda-; |-men

'skoa(r,

n

('underjsize(d) 'bolt)

;

underripe

^side)

undersize adj 'Anda-'saiz;

underHng 'Anda^hg ES 'Anda-

underman

'upper

underskirt 'Anda^jskyt;

|-lain -'len

'upper

&

('under^signed 'agent)

undevl&y past o/underHe ^Anda^'le;

underlay v ^Anda^'Ie; underhe ^Anda^'Iai;

&

ES 'Anda^Jat, -//nt ES 'Anda-; ('under-

undershot adj 'Anda^^/at;

jhand 'stroke)

underlip

'Anda-; ('under^sea

'life)

E

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti (§6)

[rate ret |3^et jet |sang saeg |angr\' 'aeg-gri

far [watch watj,

wot/

(§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

underwood

unembarrassed

449

ES

underwood, U- 'Anda'jwud;

'Anda-; |-ed

undistinguished jAndi'stiggwift |-shable -/abl undistracted jAndi'straektid

-id

underworld

ES

'Anda^^wa^ld;

'Anda^wsld,

undistributed ^Andi'stribjatid

ES

undisturbed ^Andi'stybd;

-^wyld underwrite jAnda^'rait;

ES

jAnda-;

|

-wrote

undiversiiied

-'rot [-written -'ntn

ES

underwriter 'Anda-jraita' ;

ES

-'vssa-.

undivided ^Anda'vaidid

-'zsvd, -'zyvd;

undivulged jAnda'vAldsd ('undi^vulged 'purpose)

|-vedly -vidli

undo An'du

undesigning jAndi'zainig

ES

-'zaiad; |-ly -ridli

ES

-'tsm-.

ES

|-d

&

-ti^ketid

'un^done)

-d |-Ung -bhg, -blig

undoubted An'dautid ('un^doubted

'fact)

undrained An'drend

-'tym-; |-nable -nabl |-bly -bh

undeterred jAndi'ts^d;

undone An'dAn ('done undouble An'dAbl

undetected jAndi't£ktid jAndi'ts^mind;

|-done

|-did -'did

undomestic jAnda'mestik j-ticated

undesirable jAndi'zairabl |-bly -bli

undesired ^Andi'zaird;

|-does -'dAz

-'dAn

undesirability ^Andijzaira'bilati

undetermined

ES

^Anda'vysa^faid;

-'vysa-

'Anda^raitaCr

undescribable ^Andi'skraibabl |-bly -bh

undeserved jAndi'zyvd;

-'stabd, -'stybd

|-bedly -bidh

undramatic jAndra'maetik

-'tad, -'tyd

|-ally -h,

-ikh

undeviating Aii'divi^etig

undrape An'drep |-d -t undreamed An'drimd |-dreamt -'drempt

undid An'did

undress n 'An^dres, adj An'dres ('un^dress

undeveloped jAndi'vslapt

undies 'Andiz

'garb)

undigested jAnda'dsestid, dai-

|-tible -tab!

undress v An'dres

|-es -iz [-ed -t

undigniJied An'digna^faid

undrilled An'drild

undiluted ,Andr'lutid, -dai-, -'liutid

undrinkable An'drigkabl

undiminished iAnda'tnini/t

Undset 'unset undue Aii'dju, -'dm, -'du ('un^due

undimmed An'dimd ('un^dimmed Undine 'Andin, 'Andam undiplomatic ^Andipb'maetik

'lights)

|-ally -li, -ikli

undiscerned ^Andi'zynd, -'ss^nd;

ES

-and.

ES

-bh

jAndi'skAva'd;

-varabl,

-vrabi

ES

-'ksr-.

ES

-'skAvad;

('undisjcovered

undyed An'daid ('un^dyed undying An 'dang

S

|-ly -i

'wool)

unearned An'ynd; ES -'snd, -'ynd unearth An'yO; ES -'sG, -'yO; |-ed uneasy

undiscriminating jAndi'skrimajnetig undisguised ^Andis'gaizd |-sedly -zidh -sable |

-zabl |-bly -bh

-t [-ly

-h

undisposed jAndi'spozd

|

uneconomical -'nom-;

undisputed jAndi'spjutid, -'spiutid ,Andi'zalvd,

An'izi ('unjcasy 'sleep)

uneaten An'itn -table -tab! uneclipsed jAni'khpst

undismayed jAndis'med('undisjmayed 'heart)

-ek-;

ES +

-ikh

|-vable

uneducable An'tdsakabl, -dsuuneducated An'sdsajketid, -dsu-

unembarrassed jAnim'baerast,

undistilled jAndi'stild ful [tooth tuG [further 'fy'Sa';

jAnika'namik),

|-ly -i,

unedifying An'edajfaiig

-'zolvd;

-vabl |-bly -bb

|full

-jtari;

uneasily An'izli, -'izih

'country)

undissolved

'Anda-,

'Andjala^tori,

undutiful An'djutifal, -'dm-, -'du-

^Andis'kyidsd;

-'kAr-, -'ky-

|-verable

undulatory

unduly An'djuh, -'diuh, -'duh

undisclosed jAndis'klozd

undiscovered

-^let

|-d -id

-jtori

undisciplined Aii'disa^phnd

undiscouraged

undulate v 'Andjajet, 'Anda-

'haste)

undulation jAndja'leJan, ^Anda-

-ynd; |-nedly -nidli undiscernible, -able jAndi'zynabl, -'syn-; -3n-, -yn-; |-bly

undulant 'Andjalant, 'Andalant undulate adj 'Andjaht, 'Anda-,

ES

-ist

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[toy tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

unemotional

unfold

450

unemotional ^Ani'mo/anl, -/nal

unexpired jAnik^spaird ;

|-ly -i

unemphatic jAnim'faetik |-ally -li, -ikli unemployable jAnim'piaiab! unemployed jAnim'pbid |-ployment -'pbi-

mdnt

unexplained

-'spaiad |-nedly

-nidk

-bk

|-nable -nabl |-bly

unexploded

ES

jAiuk'splend

jAnik'splodid

('unex^ploded

'myth)

unexplored ^Anik'splord, -'splard; ES -'spload.

unenclosed jAmn'klozd

unencumbered jAmn'kAmba'd ES -'kAmbad ;

unending An'Endig ('unbending

unendorsed jAiun'dorst; unendurable

ES

'labor)

unexpressed jAiuk'sprest

-'daast

jAnin'djurabl,

-'dur-

-'diur-,

jAnin'forsabl,

ES

-'fars-;

-'£o3s-, E + -'fD3S-; |-bly -bk unengaged ^Aiun'gedsd ('unen^gaged

unenterprising An'entyjpraizig

unentertaining jAnenta^'tenig;

-jOuz- |-ally

-tniri,

-tnig

ES -'entaES -£nt3;

-jOiuz-,

jAniDjGjuzi'aestik,

[-viable -viabl |-bly -bli

ES

-'ekspa-, -ik'sps-, -'spy-

-bk

[-bly

unfading An'fedig ('un^fading 'blue) unfailing An'fekg

unfair An'fer, -'faer;

E

unfaithful Aii'leOfal

[-ly -i

-'fea(r,

ES

unfamiliar jAnfa'milja-;

ES

-'f«a(r

-'milja(r

unfamiharity jAnfajinik'aerati,

j-ed -d |-ly -i

unequipped jAiii'kwipt unequivocal jAni'kwivakl

]-ly -i, -akli

unerring

ES

An's^ig,

('unex^pressive

unfaltering An'faltrig, -'faUarig

-li, -ikli

unequal An'ikwal

^Anik'spresiv

'she)

unfaded An'fedid -dable -dabl

unenlightened ^Anin'laitnd |-ning

unenvied An'envid

[-sable, -sible, -sabl

-bk

unexpurgated An'ekspa^jgetid, jAnik'sps'getid; 'time)

unenjoyable jAnin'd33i9bl

unenthusiastic

I-bly

unexpressive

|-bly -bli |-ring -ig

unenforceable

E-K-'spbad unexposed ^Aiuk'spozd

-,milji'aerati.

-jinil'jaerati

-'er-;

unfashionable An'faejnabl, -/ana- [-bly -bk

-'srig,

-'s'lg.

unfasten

An'faesn

|-ed

-d

j-ing

-'faesnig.

-'faesnig; E-i--'fas-, -'fas-

-'erig

ES

unescapable jAna'skepabl |-bly -bh

unfathered An'faSa^d;

unessential jAna'senJal

unfathomed An'faetSamd [-mable -amabl |-bly -bk unfavorable An'fevrabI, 'fevara- [-bly -bk

|-ly -i

unestimated An'Estajraetid unethical An'eOikl

|-ly -i,

-ikh

uneven An'ivan ('un^even 'ground)

unfed An'fed ('un^fed

uneventful jAni'ventfal

unfeeling An'fikg

|-ly -i

-'fatJad, E+-'fat5-

'flock)

unexaggerated jAnig'zaed33jretid

unfeigned An'fend [-nedly -nidk

unexampled jAnig'zjempld; E+-'zamp-,

unfelt An'felt ('un^felt 'sorrow)

-'zamp-

unfenced Aii'lenst

unexceptionable jAnik'sepJanab), -/nabl |-bly

-bk

unfertihzed An'fytj^aizd;

unexceptional jAnik'sEp/anj, -/nal

unexchanged ^Aniks'tjendsd i-bly -bk jAnik'skjuzd,

-'skiuzd

'life)

[-sable

-zabi 1-bly -bk

ES

-'f£ta(r; |-ed -d

-'filjal \-\y -i

unfinished An'fim/t unfired An'faird;

ES

-'faiad

unfit An'fit |-ted -id

unexecuted An'sksi^kjutid, -jkiutid

unexhausted jAnig'zostid

unfiHal An'fikal,

unfilled An'fild ('uOifilled 'quota)

unexciting jAnik^saitig ('unexjciting

unexcused

unfetter An'feta^;

[-ly -i

|-geable -djabl

ES -fa'mentid ES -'fstl-, -'fytl-

unfermented jAnfa^'mentid;

[-tible

unfix An'fiks

-tab!

|-bly

-bk

|-es -iz |-ed -t

unflagging An'flaegig unflattering An'flaetarig, -'flaetrig

ES

unexpected ^Anik'spEktid ('unex^pected 'guest)

unflavored An'fleva^d;

unexpended jAnik'spendid

unfledged Aii'fkdsd ('un^fledged 'youth)

unexperienced jAnik'spirianst

unfold An 'fold |-ed -id

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

[bath baeO;

E

bee bi [pity

ba8 (§10) [ah a

[far

'piti

-'fievad

(§6) [rate ret [yet jet jsang saeg [angr>- 'aeg-gn

far [watch watj,

wntj

(§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

unforbidden

ES

unforbidden jAnfa^'bidn; unforced An'forst,

-fa'bidri

ES

-'fDrst;

-'feast,

E+

unforeseeable jAnfor'siabl, -far-;

-fa-,

ES

-foa-.

ES

-foa-.

l-bly -bli

unforeseen jAnfor'sin,

-far-, -fa^-;

E+-faa-bh

|-bly

unforgiven jAnfa^'givan;

|-givable

ES -fa 'gat, -'got; |-ten unformed An'farmd; ES -'faamd unformulated An'farmjajetid; ES -'faamunfortified An'tarta^faid; ES -'faata^faid unfortunate An'fart/anit; ES -'faat/anit unforgot jAnfa^'gat;

-n

unfounded An'faundid ('un^founded 'rumor) unframed An'fremd -d

unfrequented jAnfri'kwEntid unfriended An'frendid

unfrock An'frak;

ES + -'frDk;

unhackneyed An'haeknid

E

unliair An'her, -'haer;

-'h£a(r,

ES

unfunded An'fAndid

unhallowed An'haelod, -'haelad

unhampered An'haempa'd; ES -'hasmpad unhand An'haend |-ed -id unhandicapped An'hasndi^kaept unhandsome An'haensam ('unjiandscme

-'fsl, -'fa^l; |-ed

ES

unharmed

ES

An'harmd;

unharmonious

-d

-'fsn-, -'fyn-

-ha-,

ungallant An'gaelant

-'ha:md,

E+

jAnhar'monias,

-njas;

ES

ES

An'harnis;

,

-'ha:nis,

E+

-'ha:nis; |-es -iz |-ed -t

ungalled An'gald ('un^galled 'jade)

ES

ungarbled An'garbld;

E + -'ga:bES -'ga:n-, E +

-'garbid,

An'garniXt;

unhat An'haet |-hatted -'h«tid unhatched An'haet/t unhealthful An'Relefal

|-ly -i

unhealthily An'h£l6ab, -ih

-'ga:n-

ungathered Aii'gaeSa^d;

ES

unhealthy An'helOi ('un^healthy

-'gaeSad

ES

'fogs)

ungenerous An'dsEnaras, -'dsEiiras

unheard An'hyd;

ungentle Aii'dsentl

unheard-of An'hydjov, -j3\, -jAv;

|-tly

-tb

ungentlemanly Aii'dsentlmanb

unheedful Aii'hidfal

ES -'gsd, -'gyd; ES -'gst, -'gyt

|-ed -id

ES

-'hsd-.

unhelm An'htlin

j-ly -i

|-ed -d

unheralded An'heraldid

unglazed An'glezd ('un^glazed 'china)

unheroic jAnhi'ro-ik, -hi-

ungloved An'gUvd unglue An'glu, -'gbu

-'hsd, -'byd

-'hyd-

ungifted An'giftid

|-al

-1

|-ally

-li.

-ikb |-d

imhesitating An'hezajetig

-d

ungodly An'gadb, -'godb, -'gadh ungot An'gat; ES + -'gnt; |-ten -n ungoverned An'gAva-nd;

ES

unhindered An'hinda'd;

unhinge An 'binds

-'gAvand; ]-nable

unhitch An 'hit/

|-s

ES

-iz |-d

-'hindad -d

|-es -iz j-ed -t

unholy An 'hob

-nabl |-bly -bb ungraceful An'gresfal

j-holily -'holab, -bb unhonored An'ana^d; ES -'anad, -'onad unhood An'bud |-ed -id

|-ly -i

ungracious An'gre/as |full

E+

E + -ha-

unharness

ungainly An'genb

ungirt An'gyt;

'deed)

-'ha:md

unfurnished An'fynift;

ungird Aii'gyd;

-'haea(r;

l-ed -d

-'ba:d-

-i

unfulfilled .Anful'fild ('unful.filled 'hope)

ES

unguent 'Aogwant |-ed -id unguided An'gaidid

unhardened An'bardnd; ES -'ha:dnd,

|-ed -t

unfruitful An'frutfal, -'friut- |-ly

ungarnished

ungrounded An'graundid ('un,grounded 'fear) ungrudging An'grAdsig unguard An'gard; ES -'ga:d, E + -'ga:d; |-ed

unhandy An'haendi |-dily -dli, -dih unhanged An'haegd unhappy An'haepi |-pily -pli, -pih

unfrequent An'frikwant |-ncy -nsi

unfurl An'fyl;

-ikh

ungulate 'Aggjabt, -Jet

-'givabi |-bly -bli

|-d

|-ly -i,

|-ly -i

-id

ES -fa-; ES -fa-;

unforgettable jAnfa-'getabl;

unfree An'fri

ungraded An'gredid ungrammatical jAngra'maetikl ungrateful An'gretfal

-'f33st; |-cedly -sidli

E+-fD-;

unhood

451

ful |tooth tue Ifurther 'fySa^;

ES

'fs'Sa

[custom 'kAstam |while bwail |how hau |toy

tai

lusing 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij |vision 'vi3an fEden 'idn |cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

—— unhook unhook An'huk |-ed unhoped An'hopt

uninflected jAnin'flektid ('unin^flected 'stem)

-t

uninfluenced An'influanst, -fliuanst

ES

unhoped-for An'hopt^far; unhorse An'hors;

ES

unhouse An'hauz

unhung

-'haas;

-s -iz |-d

uninformed ;Anin'f3rmd;

-,h3{r

-'fasmd

uninhabited jAnin'haebitid

-d

ES

An'hyid;

ES

uninhabitable jAnin'hasbitabl |-bly -bk

-iz |-d -t

|-s

An'hAi) ('un^hung 'picture)

unhurried

unknit

452

uninitiated jAni'mJijCtid -'hArid,

-'hsrid,

uninjured An'indsa^d;

ES -'indsad ES -'spaiad

uninspired jAnin'spaird;

-'hyid

unhurt An'hyt; ES -'hat, -'hyt unhusk An'hAsk |-ed -t unhygienic jAnhaidsi'enik

uninstructed jAnin'strAktid unintelligent ^Anm'tEbdssnt [-gence -dssns

-ikh

|-ally -li,

unintelligibihty jAniiijtebdss'bibti

unhyphenated An'haifa^netid

unintelligible jAnin'tebdssbj |-bly -bli

Uniat

unintended ;Anin't£ndid ('unin^tended

'junijaet

unicameral juni'kaemaral

unintentional jAiun'tEnXsnj, -/nal

ES

unicellular Juni'sEljal*;

uninterested An'mtsristid, -'mtristid, -'m-

-l3(r

Unicoi 'junijkai

t3jrestid |-ting -tig

unicorn, U- 'junijkarn;

ES

see interesting

unintermitting jAninta^'mitig;

-jkoan

ES

unidentified jAnai'dentajfaid, ^Ana-

uninterrupted jAnints'rAptid

unidiomatic jAnidia'maetik

uninvited jAnin'vaitid |-ting -tig

unifiable 'juna^faiabl

|-ally -h, -ikli

union 'junjsn

-bly -bli

unification junafa'ke/an unifier 'junajfaia*;

ES -jfai-3(r ES -jfaam

-^aiziz [-ized

|-izes

unipod 'jun3;pad; ES-f-^pod unipolar juni'pola^;

uniformitarian junajfarma'terian, -'ter-;

ES

ES

unisexual juni'sek/ual

-'poIaCr |-ly -i

unison 'junazn, 'jun3sn

- jf 33013-

uniformity jun3'f3rm3ti; unify 'jun3,fai

ES

-'f

unissued An'i/ud, -'ijjud

asm-

unilateral juni'laetsrsl |-ly

see issue

unit 'junit |-age -ids l-ages -idsiz

|-fied -jfaid

Unitarian, u- juns'terisn, -'terian, -rJ3n

-i

unilluminated jAna'lumSjnetid, -'lium-

unitary 'jun3jt£ri

unimaginable jAni'maed3in3bl, -'maedsnabj

unite ju'nait |-d -id

United States ju'naitid'stets, often 'ju^naitid-

-bh

unimagined iAni'maed3ind('unijmagined 'joy) unimpaired /Anrm'perd, -'paerd; E -'p£3d, ES

'stets

unitive 'junativ [unity 'jun3ti

univalent juns'vebnt, ju'nivsbnt

-'paead

universal juna'vysl;

unimpassioned jAnim'pae/3nd

unimpeachable jAnim'pit/abI

unimpeded

-jaiz

|-ize

universaHty

|-bly -bli

jAmm'partns;

ES

-'p33tns;

ES

-'vssi, -'vysl; [-ly -i

junavy'saebti,

-va^'sael-;

universalize juna'vysl^aiz;

|-nt -nt

|-s

ES

-'vss-, -'vys-;

-iz |-d -d

ES

unimposing ,Anim'pozig

universe 'jun3,vys;

unimpressionable jAnim'pre/nsbl, -/snsbl

university jun3'vys3ti, -'vysti;

unimpressive yAnim'presiv 'land)

uninclosed jAnin'klozd

ES

-'kasp-

unincumbered jAnin'kAmba'd; ES -'kAmbsd -'daast

iminfected jAnin'fektid

uninflammable jAnm'fl«m3bl See in full §§3-47.

|bath baeG;

E ba6

|-s

ES

-iz

-'v3s-.

unjust An'd5Ast('unj'ust 'steward) unjustified

unincorporated jAnin'karpSjretid;

ES

-/vss, -jvys;

-'yys-; ('Unijversity 'Heights)

unimproved lAnim'pruvd ('unimyproved

unindorsed jAnin'darst;

ES

-V3-, -vy-, -V3-

iAiiim'pidid ('unim^peded 'way)

unimportance

Key:

-int3-

-jaizd

uniform 'junajfarm;

l-bly

'joke)

|-ly -i

bee bi [pity

An'dsAstSjfaid

|-fiable

-^faiabl

l-bly -bli

unkempt An'kempt unkept An'kept unkind An'kaind unknit An 'nit |-ted

'piti (§6)

-id

|rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angr>' '^g-gri

(§10) |ah a |far far |watch watj,

wot/

(§12) |jaw dga [gorge gards |go go

;

unknowable unknowable An'noabj

|-bly

unmanufactured Anmaenja'f aekt/a^d, -maena-

-bh

unknown An'non ('un^known

j

ES

'pl3.ce)

ES

unlabored An'leba'd;

unmarketable

-'lebad

-'markt, E-i--'nia:kt

An'markitabl;

ES

-'ma:k-.

E-i--'ma:k-

-iz |-d -t

|-s

-t/ad

unmarked An'markt; ES

unlabeled An'lebld unlace An'les

unmusical

453

unlade An'led |-laded -Uedid |-laden -Uedn

unmarriageable An'maendsabl

unladylike An'ledijaik

unmarried An'maerid ('un^married 'man)

unlaid An'led ('unpaid 'ghost)

unmask An'maesk; E-i--'mask, -'mask; |-ed -t unmatched An'maetjt |-matchable -'maetjabl

unlamented ^Anla'mEntid unlash An'laeJ

l-bly -bh unmeaning An'minig unmeant An'ment

|-es -iz |-ed -t

unlatch An'laetJ;

|-es -iz |-ed -t

unlawful An'bfal unlearn An'ls^n;

|-ly -i

ES

-'bn, -'lyn; |-ed -d,

-t

or

-t-t

unlearned past b' pptc An'lynd, -'lynt;

ES

unleash An'li/

ES

unmelted An'meltid ('un^melted 'snow) unmentioned An'menjand |-nable -/anabl.

-'Isnt, -'lynt

|-es -iz |-ed -t

unleavened An'kvand ('unjleavened 'bread) unled An'led unless an'les

-/nabl l-bly -bh unmerchantable An'ms^t/antabl;

ES

-'mst/-.

-'ms^tj*-

unlessoned An'lesnd ('unjessoned unlettered An'leta-d;

ES

unmerciful An'mysifal;

'girl)

-'letad; ('un^lettered

l-ly -I,

ES

-'m3S-, -'mys-;

-fh

unmerited An'mentid

'Muse)

unmethodical ^Anma'Oadikl; ES+-'GDd-;

unlicensed An'laisanst

unHghted

unmeet An'mit unmelodious jAnma'lodias

-'Isn-, -'lyn-; adj -nid

unlearnt An'lynt;

unmeasurable An'mesrabl, -sarabl |-bly -bh unmechanical jAnmi'kaenikl |-ly -i, -ikli

An'Iaitid

unlike An'laik

-I,

|-ing -brig,

unmew

-h |-lihood -lijhud

|-ly

unlimber An'limba';

ES

-'limbaCr;

|-ed

-bang

An'mju, -'miu

[-ed -d

unmihtary An'mibjteri unmindful An'maindfal, -'mainfunmistakable jAnma'stekabl

unlimited An'limitid unlined An'Iamd ('un,lined

unlink An'bgk [-ed

-d

j-ly -i

|-bly

-bh

unmistaken jAnma'stekan

'fur)

unmitigable An'mitagabl |-bly -bh

-t

unlisted An'hstid

unmitigated An'mita^getid

unlit An'bt ('unjlit 'candle)

unmixed An'mikst ('un^mixed

unload An'lod

unmodified An'mada^faid;

unlock An'lak;

|-ed -id

ES + -'lDk; [-ed -t ES -jf33(r

'evil)

ES + -'mDd-

unmolested ^Anma'lestid

unlooked-for An'lukt^far;

unmoor An'mur; ES -'mua(r;

unloose An'lus

unmoral An'maral, -'moral, -'moral

|-s

|-Iy

-ikh

-iz |-d -t |-n -'lusn

j-ed -d j-ly -i

unlovable An'lAvabl |-bly -bh

unmorality jAnma'raelati, -ma-, -ma-, -mt>-.

unloved An'lAvd |-lovely -'Uvb

-mounmortgaged An'margidsd; ES -'maagidgd unmotivated An'motajvetid unmounted An'mauntid ('un^mounted 'print) unmourned An'mornd, -'marnd; ES -'moand. E-H-'maand unmoved An'muvd ]-vable -vabl ]-bly -bh

unlucky An'Uki ('unjlucky 'strike) unmagnetic jAnmaeg'netik |-al -1 unmailed An'meld

|-lable

-bbl

unmake An'mek |-made -'med unman An'maen [-manned -'maend unmanageable An'maenidsabl

|-bly -bli

unmanly An'maenli unmannered An'maena^d; ES -'maenad unmannerly An'maena'h; ES -'maenali |full

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^;

ES

|-vedly -vidh

unmufHe An'mAfl

|-d

-d |-ling -fhg, -fbg

unmusical An'mjuzikl, -'miuz-

|-ly -i

'fsSa |custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[toy tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

—— unmuzzle

unpremeditatec

454

unmuzzle ahWazI

|-d

unnamed An'nemd

unpaved An'pevd ('un^paved unpeg An'pEg |-ged -d

|-mable -mabl

unnavigable An'naevagabl

|-ly -i

unpeople An'pipl

|-bly -bli

An'nesajSgrah, esp.

emph.

if

'street)

-d j-ling -phg, -phg

|-d

ES

unperceivable jAnpa^'sivabl;

unperforated An'pyfa^retid;

unneedful An'nidfal

unpersuaded ^Anpa^'swedid;

|-ly -i

unpersuasive

unnegotiable jAnni'goJiabl |-bly -bli

unneighborly An'neba^h;

ES

ES

unperturbed

-'nebah

'tybd; |-bable -babl |-bly -bh

-'nsv, -'nyv; |-d -d

unnoted An'notid ('un^noted

unperused jAnpa'ruzd, -'riuzd

'action)

unphilosophic ^Anfila'safik;ES + -'sDf-;

unnoticeable An'notisabl |-bly -bh

unnumbered An'nAmba^d; ES -'nAmbad

|-ally -h,

unobjectionable jAnab'dsekfnabl, -/ana- |-bly unobliging jAna'biaidsiij ('uno^bliging 'boor)

unobservant jAnab'zyvant;

ES

-Wv-

-'zsv-,

unpicked An'pikt ('un^picked

ES

unpin An'pin j-ned -d unpitied An'pitid ('un,pitied

unpitying An'pitiig

unobtrusive jAnab'trusiv, -'trius-

unplaced An'plest

unplanned An'plaend unplanted An'plaentid;

unoff ending jAna'fEndig |-fensive -'fEnsiv

unoffered Anbfa^d,

-'of-, -'af-;

ES

-'plant-

see unplait,

unplea

unplayable An'pleabI

unofficial jAna'fi/al |-ly -i

unopen An'opan, -'opm

E + -'plant-,

unplat An'plaet |-ted -id

-fad

'grief)

see unplat, unpleat

unplait An'plet |-ed -id

ES + -'Dk-

S+-'peast

unpile An'pail [-d -d

unobtainable jAnab'tenabl j-bly -bh

unoccupied An'akjajpaid;

'fruit)

-'piast,

unobstructed ^Anab'strAktid

unoccasioned jAna'kesand

]-al-

-ikh

unpierced An'pirst;

-bh

j-ed -d

-pmg,

[-ing

unpleasant An'pkznt unpleasing An'plizig

-panii)

unopposed ^Ana'pozd ('unopjposed 'measure)

ES

unorganized An'arganjaizd; unoriginal jAna'ndsanl

ES

unpleat An'pUt |-ed -id

-'aaGajdaks,

unplowed An'plaud ('un^plowed unplumbed An'plAmd unpoetic ^Anpo'stik

-jdnks

ES+-ds-

unostentatious jAnastan'teJas ;

unowned An'ond ('unowned unpack An'paek [-ed -t -'paerd;

unpolished An'pahjt;

'goods)

-ikh

ES + -'poliJ't

unpolitic An'pala,tik; ES+-'pd1-; |-ly -h

E

ES

-'pead,

-i,

-ikh

unpolled An'pold unpolluted jAnpa'lutid, -pa'hutid

-'paead

ES

unpalatable An'paelatabl, -hta- |-bly -bk

unpopular An'papjala^ ;

unparalleled An'paerajkld

unpopularity jAnpapja'laerati;

unpardonable An'pardnab), -'pardnabl; -'pa:d-,

'land)

|-al -1 |-ally -li,

unpolitical jAnpa'htikl [-ly

An'perd,

unplat

unpoised An'paizd

unpaid An'ped unpaired

see plait,

unpledged An'pledjd

-'oag-

|-ly -i

unorthodox An'arOajdaks;

E+-'pa:d-;

|-bly

ES

-bh -tri;

ES

E+-pal-

unpartisan,

-zan

ES + -pDp-

|-ly -i,

-ikh

unprecedented An'prEsa^dentid

'art)

|-ly -li, esp.

i

emph. junprece'dentedly An'partazn;

ES

-'part-,

unpredictable jAnpri'diktabl |-bly -bh

unprejudiced An'predgadist

E+-'pa:t-

unpremeditated jAnpri'medajtetid

unpasteurized An'paestaraizd, -'paest/aSee in full §§3^7.

|bath bae6;

unpractical An'praektikl

-'papjala(r, -'pop

unpracticed An'prsektist ('un^practiced

unparliamentary jAnparla'mentari,

Key:

\-h\

ES -'paf-, -'ps-f ES -pa'swedid jAnpa^'swesiv; ES -pa'swesiv jAnpa^^'tybd; ES -pa'tabd, -pa

unnecessary An'nesajSeri

-pal-,

-pa-;

-bh

jAnnesa'serali

unnerve An'nyv;

|-all;

-h, -ikh

unnatural An'naetjaral, -'naet/ral unnecessarily

jAnpetn'atik; ES+-'Dtik;

unpatriotic

-d |-ling -zlig, -zlig

unnail An'nel |-ed -d

E

bee bi [pity

ba6 (§10) |ah a

|far

'piti

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angn,- 'ieg^gi

far |watch watj",

wotj

(§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go g

— unrenowned

455

unprepared unprepared jAnpri^Erd. -^paerd;

E

-'pead,

ES

-'paead; 1-ness -nis, -ridnis -redly -ridh |

unratified An'raeta^faid

unravel An'raevl |-ed -d

|-ing -'raevlig, -vlig

unprepossessing jAnpripa^zesig

unread An 'red

unpresentable ^Anpri'zEntabl |-bly -bli unpressed An'prest ('unipressed 'cheese)

unreadable An'ridabl |-bly -bh

unpresuming jAnpri'zumig, -'zium-, -'zjum-

unreal

unready An'redi -readily -'redh, -dih |

unpretending jAnpri'tendig |-tentious -'tEn/as

An'rial,

An'rial

An'ril,

|-ly

see

-i

really

unprevailing jAnpriVelig ('unpreiVailing 'woe)

unreaHty

unpreventable jAnpri'vEntabJ |-bly -bh

unreahzed An'rial,aizd,

unpriced An'praist

unreason An'rizn

unprincipled An'prinsapld

unreasonable An'riznabl, -znabl |-bly -bh

unprivileged An'privalidsd

unrebuked jAnri'bjukt, -'biukt

unprocurable jAnpra'kjurabl, -'kiur-

unreceipted jAnn'sitid ('unrcjceipted

unproductive jAnpra'dAktiv

unreceived jAnri'sivd

unprofessional jAnpra'feJanI, -'fe/nal

|-ly -i

unprofitable An'praftabl, -fita-; ES+-'prDf-; l-bly

jAnri'aelati

unprogressive jAnpra'gresiv, -pro-

An'rekag^naizd

emph.

-1-

An'rEkan^sailabl

unrecorded jAnri'kardid;

unpronounceable jAnpra'naunsabl,

unredeemed ^Anri'dimd

|-bly

-bh.

ES

-'kaadid

unreel An'ril [-ed -d

-bh

unreeve naut. An'riv j-rove -'rov or -reeved

unpropitious jAnpra'piJas, -pro-

ES

unproportioned ^Anpra'porjand, -'par-; -'poa-,

-zabl

junrecon'cilable, -bly

unprompted An'pramptid; ES+-'prDmp-pa^- |-bly

|-zable

-bh

unreconcilable

ES+ -'prom-

'bill)

unreckoned An'rekand l-bly

unprohibited jAnpro'hibitid

unpromising An'pramisig ;

-zabl

unreciprocated jAnri'siprajketid

unrecognized

-bh

-'rial- |-zable

|-ed -d |-ing -'riznig, -znig

-'rivd

unrefined jAnri'faind ('unrejfined 'sugar)

E+-'paa-

unprotected jAnpra'tektid

unreflecting jAnri'flektig

unproved An'pruvd ('un^proved 'thesis) unproven An'pruvan unprovided jAnpra'vaidid unprovoked iAnpra'vokt |-kedly -kidh

unreformed jAnri'farmd; -mabl

ES

unrefuted ^Anri'fjutid, -'fiutid [-table -tab! -'ga:did,

E+

-'ga:d-

unpunctual An'pAgktfual,

unregenerate jAnri'dsenarit [-rated -^retid

-t/ul |-ly -i

unpunctuality ^AnpAgktXu'aelati

unregistered An'redsista^d ;

unpunctuated An'pAgktJujetid unpunished An'pAnift |-shable -/abl

unregulated An'regjajletid

An'pyt/asabl;

ES

unrehearsed jAnri'hyst; -'pstj"-;

ES

ES

-'redsistad

-'hast, -'ha^st

unrelated jAnri'letid ('unrcjlated

'facts)

unrelaxed jAnri'laekst

-'P3^t/-

unpursuing ^Anpa^'suig,

ES

unregarded jAnri'gardid;

unpublished An'pAbh/t

unpurchasable

-'faamd; [-mable

-'siu-, -'sju-;

ES

-pa-

unquaiHng An'kwehg ('uniquailing

'spirit)

unqualified An'kwala^faid, -'kwol-

|-ly

unquenched An'kwentjt -bh

-h

|-chable -tjabl |-bly

unrelenting jAnri'lentig unreliabihty jAnriJaia'bilati

unreHable jAnn'laiabl

|-bly

-bh

unrelieved jAnri'livd |-vedly -vidh unreligious ^Anri'hdsas

unquestionable An'kwest/anabl |-bly -bh

unremembered jAnri'memba'd; ES -'membad

unquestioned An'kwest/and

unremitting iAnri'mitig

unquiet An'kwaiat ('un^quiet 'grave)

unremovable jAnri'muvabJ |-bly -bh unremunerative jAnri'mjunajretiv, -'miun-.

unquotable An'kwotabl unquote An 'k wot |-d -id

-arativ

unraised An'rezd [full

ful [tooth tue [further 'fytJa';

unrenowned jAnri'naund

ES

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

un rented unrented AnVentid ('uiiirented 'farm) unrepair

unshaven

456

E

-'paer;

jAnri'per,

unsatisfactory jAnsaetis'faektri, -tan |-torily

-'pE3(r,

ES

-d

-'pae3(r; |-ed

-trail, -tarali

unsatisfied An'saetis^faid

unsaturated An'saetjajretid

unrepealed jAnri'pild

unrepentant jAnri'pEntant unreported ;Anri'portid, -'partid;

ES -'poatid.

E + 'Vaatid

unsavory An'sevari, -'sevn unsay An'se |-says -'sez |-said -'sed

E

unscared An'skerd, -'skaerd;

unrepresented jAnrepn'zentid |-tative -tativ unrepressed jAnri'prEst

|-sible

unscarred An'skard;

-sabl

-'skead,

ES

-'ska:d,

E+-'ska:d

unrequested jAnri'kw£stid

unscathed An'skeSd

unrequited ^Anri'kwaitid -table -tab!

unscented An'sentid ('un^scented 'soap)

|

ES

unreserve /Aiiri'zyv; l-dly

-'zsv, -'zyv; j-d -d

unscholarly An'skal^^li;

ES

-'skalali, -'sknl-

unschooled An'skuld

-idk

unresisting ^Anri'zistig

unresponsive |-sible

ES

-'skaead

unscientific

jAnri'spansiv;

ES+-'spDn-;

^Ansaian'tifik

unscramble An'skraembl

-sabl

unrest An'rest j-ed -id

|-ful -fal |-fully -fall

-1

]-al

|-ally

|-d

-d 1-ling -bbg.

-bhg

unrestrainable jAnn'strenabl |-bly -bh

unscreened An'skrind ('un^screened

unrestrained

unscrew An'skru, -'skriu

jAnri'strend

|-nt

-nt

j-nedly

'coal)

|-ed -d

unscriptural An'skript/aral

-nidli

|-ly -i

unrestricted jAnri'striktid

unscrupulous An'skrupjalas, -'sknup-

unretentive jAnri'tentiv

unseal An'sil |-ed -d

unretrieved jAnri'trivd j-vable -vabl

unseam An'sim

unrevealed ^AnnVild ('unre^vealed 'truth)

unsearchable An'sytjabl;

unrevenged ^Anri'vEndsd unrevoked ,AnriVokt unrewarded ^AnriVardid;

unseasonable An'siznabl, -zna- |-bly

|-ed -d

ES

-'sst/-, -'syt/-

unseasoned An'siznd ('un^seasoned

ES -Vaadid

unrhymed An'raimd

-li.

-ikh

unseat An'sit [-seated

-bli

'wit)

-'sitid

ES

unrighteous AnVaitJas

unseaworthy An'si^wy^i; unseconded An'sekandid

unrightful An'raitfal

unsectarian jAnsek'tErian, -'ter- ]-ism -jizam

|-ly -i

-jwatJi, -^wy'Si

unrimed An'raimd ('un,rimed Verse)

unsecured jAnsi'kjurd, -'kiurd;

unrip An'rip -ripped

unseeing An'siig

|

-'ript

unripe An'raip j-ened -and, -'raipmd unrivaled An'raivld

unrobe An'rob -robed -'robd |

unroll An'rol

|

unromantic jAnro'maentik

|-al

-1

j-ally -li.

ah 'self i/

unsentimental jAnsEnta'mentl An'syvisabl;

unserviceable

-ikb

unroof An'ruf, -'ruf j-ed

-t

unrove past of unreeve An'rov unruled An'ritid, -'riuld |-edly -lidh unsaddle An'saedl

\-d

-d |-ling -'saedlig, -dhg

unsafe An'sef ('un^safe 'road)

unsew An'so

\past

unsalaried An'saelarid

unshaded unshaken unshaped unshaven

E

|-es -iz |-ed -t

|-d

-d |-ling -klig, -klig

An'/edid

An'Jekan |-kable -kabl

|-bly

-bb

An'Jept |-pcly -pb |-pen -pan

An'/evan

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'jeg-gri baO (§10) |ah a |far far |watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gardj jgo go

in full §§3-47.

|bath baeO;

-sewed -'sod \pptc -sewed

-'sod or -sewn -'son

unshackle An'/aekl

Key; See

-'ssvis-.

unsettle An'setl |-d -d j-ling -'sstlig, -tlig

unsex An'scks

unsanitary An'saenajteri

ES

unset An'set

unsalable, -saleable An'selabl |-bly -bli

unsanctioned An'saegk/and

|-ly -i

-'syvis-; |-bly -bh

unsaid An'sed

unsalted An^saltid ('un^salted 'butter)

-ad

unseemly An'simli unseen An'sin ('seen and 'un^seen) unsegmented An'segmantid unselfish

-rolled -'rold

ES

unsheathe

unsustained

457

unsheathe An'/iS [-d-d unshed An'/ed

An'stend

unstained

ES

unsheltered An'/elta^d;

unship An'/ip |-ped

unstable An'stebl |-bly -bli -nabl

|-nable

unstamped An'staempt

-t

unshod Anlfad; ES + 'lfod; ('un^shod

'horse)

('un^shrinking

unshrinking An'Jrigkii)

unstandardized An'staenda^d^aizd;

ES

-'staen-

dad-

unshrinkable An'/rigkabl 'sta-

tion)

unstarched

ES

An'startjt;

E+

-'sta:tjt,

-'stait/t

unshrunk An'/rAgk

[-en

-gn

unstate An'stet

\-d -id

unsteady An'stedi

unsifted An'siftid

unsight An'sait |-ed -id

j-ly

-h

|-dily -dli, -dili

unsteel An'stil |-steeled -'stild

unsigned An'saind

unstick An'stik |-stuck -'stAk

unsinewed An'sinjud, -'siniud, -'smud

unstinted An'stintid

unsingable An'sigabl

unstitch An'stitJ j-ed

unsinkable An'siokabl

unstop An'stap;

unsisterly An'sista^li;

ES

-t

ES + -'stDp;

unskilled An'skild ('un^skilled 'labor)

unstrap An'straep j-ped

unstratified An'straeta^faid

unsling An'slig |-slung -'sUg

unstressed

unsnap An'snaep j-ped

-'sna:l,

E + -'sna:l;

-t

('un^stressed

An'strest

'stressed

-t

ES

An'snarl;

|-ped -t

unstrained An'strend

-'sistali

unskillful, -skilf- An'skilfal |-ly -i

unsnarl

|-nedly

-nidli

-'Xeltad

&

'word

'un^stressed)

unstriated An'straietid

unstring An'strig [-strung -'strAg

l-ed -d

unsociability jAnso/a'bilati

unstuck An'stAk

unsociable An'sojabl j-bly -bli

unstudied An'stAdid

unsocial An'sofal

unstuffed An'stAft

|-ly -i

unsubmissive jAnsab'misiv

unsoiled An'sDild

vmsold An'sold

unsubstantial jAnsab'staenJal

unsolder An'sada^;

ES

unsoldierly An'solds^h;

ES

unsubstantiated Ansab 'sttenji ^etid

-'soldsali

^

unsohcited jAnsa'lisitid unsoluble An'saljabl;

|-ly -i

unsubstantiaUty jAnsabjStaenJi'aelati

-'sadaCr, -'sod-

unsuccess jAnsak'ses

ES + -'sdI-

|-ful -fal

|

-fully -fall'

unsuggestive jAnsag'dsEstiv, -sa'dsestiv

unsolvable An'salvabl, -'sdIv- |-bly -bli

unsuitabihty ,Ansuta'bilati, -smt-, -sjut-

unsolved An'salvd, -'snlvd

unsuited

unsophisticated Ansa 'f isti jketid unsophistication jAnsajfisti'keJan

unsorted An'sartid;

ES

unsuppressed jAnsa'prest

[-table

unsurmounted

unspent An'spent

-'part-;

ES

-bh |-sible

-sabl |-bly

-bii

unsure An'/ur;

|-bly -bli

unspecified An'spesa^faid

ES

-'/uaCr; ('un^sure 'hopes)

jAnsa^'mauntid;

ES

-sa-;

l-table -tab! j-bly -bli

unspoiled An'spaild -spoilt -'spoilt

unsurpassed jAnsjy'paest;

|

unspoken An'spokan unsportsmanhke An'sportsmanjaik,

-sa'paest,

E-t-

unsusceptible jAnsa'sEptabl

unsuspected ^Ansa'spektid

ES + -'spDtid

j-ting -tig

unsuspicious jAnsa'spi/as

unsprung An'sprAg ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fytJa^;

ES

-'past, -'past

-'sparts-;

-'spoats-, E+-'sp33ts-

unspotted An'spatid;

[full

jAnsa'portabl,

-'poat-, E-(--'paat-; |-bly

unsparing An'sperig, -'spaer-; S -'spaerig

ES

-'sjut-

unsung An'sAg unsupportable

'help)

unsound An'saund j-ed -id unsowed An'sod |-sown -'son unspeakable An'spikabl

-'siut-,

unsullied An'sAlid

-'s3atid

unsought An'sot ('un^sought

An'sutid,

-tab! l-bly -bli

^

unsustained ,Ansa'stend

ES

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[toy tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

y

unswathe

unwanted

458

unswathe An'sweti unswayed An'swed

untoward An'tord,

-d

|-d

ES

-'tord;

unsweetened An'switnd unswept An'swept unswerving An'swyvig; ES -'sw3v-, -'swyvunsymmetrical jAnsi'metrikl |-ly -i, -ikli unsympathetic jAnsimpa'OEtik |-ally -li, -ikli unsystematic jAnsista'maetik

|-al -1 |-ally -li.

untraceable An'tresabl |-bly -bk

untrained An'trend

untrammeled An'traemid untransferable

^Antraens'fs-abl;

ES

untactful An'taektfal

untranslatable jAntraens'letabl, -traenz- l-bly

untraveled An'traevld

|-ly -i

untraversed An'traevs'st, -'traevyst;

untainted An'tentid ('un^tainted 'honor)

untaken Aii'tekan

untread

untamed An'temd

|-mable, -meable

untangle An'taeggl

|-d

-mabl

-d |-ling -glig, -glig

untanned An'taend ('unjtanned untarnished An'tarm/t;

ES

E+-'ta:n-

-'triu j-ly

untruss An'trAS

unteachable An'tit/abl

untrustful An'trAstfal

-bh

untended An'tendid

1

untented An'tentid ^Ant9jnai-3(T

\-\y -i

|-ths -t$z, -Os [-ful -fal

-fully -fak

unturned An'tynd; ES -'tsnd, -'ts'nd untutored An'tuta^d, -'tiuta^d, -'tjuta'C untwine An'twam

untested An'testid ]-kful

-kfal

|-kfully

|-d

-d

unused An'juzd -sable -zabl

-kfak

|

|-bly

unusual An'ju3ual, -'ju3ul, -'jusal

unthought An'Oat

unuttered An'Ata^d;

|-ful -fal

|

-fully -fak

unthought-of An'OatjOv, -jDV, -jAv

l-bly

ES

-bk |-ly

unvalued An'vaeljud

unthrone An'Gron

unvaried An'verid, -'vend, -'vaerid

-d

|-dily

]-

rj'ing

-'va:n-.

E+

-nig

-dh, -dili

unvarnished

untie An'tai [-tied -'taid until an'til

ES

An'vamift;

-'va:n-

untilled An'tild

unveil An'vel |-ed -d

untimely An'taimli

unventilated An'ventljCtid

untinged An'tindsd untired An'taird;

ES

unverified An'vera^faid |-fiable -jfaiabj l-bly

-bk

-'taiad; |-ring -rig

unversed An'yyst;

untitled An'taitld

unto not in familiar

use.

Before vowel 'Antu;

before cons. 'Anta, 'ahIu; before

pause 'Antu;

untold An'told ('unjtold 'riches)

E

unvisited An'vizitid

|-bly -bli

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) [ah a

|-ized -^aizd

unwanted An'wantid,

untouched An'tAtJt j-chable -t/abl

|far

-'v3st, -'vyst

unvoiced An'vaist ('un^voiced 'thought)

untouchability jAntAtJa'bibti

See in full §§3^7.

ES

unvexed An'vekst unvocal An'vokl

in poetry often An'tu

bath baeG;

I

-bk

unthrifty Aii'enfti ('un^thrifty 'knave)

untidy An'taidi

-

-'Atad; |-rable -tarabl

unvaccinated An'raeksn^etid

|-ed -id

\-d

ES

untwist An'twist |-ed -id

unthinkable An'Gigkabl |-bly -bh |-king -kig

unthread An'ered

;

-tad

unterrified An'terajfaid

An'Oieflkt

-k

|-es -iz j-ed -t

untruth An'truO, -'triuG

-bli

ES

\ppic

ES +

untrod An'trad; ES+-'trDd; |-den -n

untaxed An'ttekst |-xable -ksabl

'Anta^^maia^;

-'trad -'trad;

-'trDd(n)

untroubled An'tiAbld

|-bly

-trod

or

untrue An'tru,

Aii't3t

untenable An'tenabl |-bly

-trod

\past

-'tradn

untaught

unthanked

-'trae-

untrimmed An'tnmd

'hides)

-'ta:n-,

An'tred

-trodden

untasted An'testid

Untermeyer

ES

vast, -'traev3st, -'traevyst

untalented An'taelantid

I

-'fsra-.

-'f3^-

-bk

-ikh

Key:

E+

-'toad,

-'toad

'piti

(§6) [rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg [angrj' 'aeg-gri

far watch watj, |

-'wantid, -'wontid; S

-'wantid, -'wontid, -'wantid

wot/

(§12)

I

jaw dsa gorge gards |

|go

go

—

—

—

unwarily

up up

unwarily AnVerali, -Verah, -'waerali

ES unwarned An'warnd; ES unwarlike An'worjlaik;

-'waa-

-'woand;

|-nedly

unwarranted

-'war-,

-Vor-

AnVorantid,

n, adj Ap, V

unwary An'weri, -Veri, -'waeri see wary unwashed An'wa/t, -'wD/t, -Vo/t unwatched An'wat/t, -'wotjt, -'wotft

up and up, up-and-up 'Apan'Ap, 'Apand'Ap Upanishad u'paenij/aed, u'panijjad upas 'jupas jupases 'jupasiz upborne Ap'bom, -'barn;

unwavering An'wevrig, -Vevang unwearable An'werabl, -'waer-; S -'waerunwearied An 'wind, S+-'werid; -'wir-;

upbraid Ap'bred

-wove -'wov or -weaved -woven -'wovan or -wove

\past

\pptc

An'wed |-ded

unweight An'wet

-built

|

-'bilt

or

-ed

E+-jkast, -^kast

n, adj Upikaest;

upcountry

|-ed -id

jfolk,

cf

n, adj,

adv 'Ap'kAntri ('up 'country

'upjcountry 'town)

unwell An'wel

upend

unwept An'wept unwholesome An'holsam

upgather Ap'gaeSa';

unwieldy An'wildi

upgrade

V

Ap'end -ended -'endid |

-'gae'Srig,

unwilling An'wiliij

ES

-'gae'Sa(r; |-ed

-d [-ing

-'gaeSang

adj, adv 'Ap'gred ('up-grade

&

'down-

jgrade)

unwincing An'wmsig

upgrowth 'ApjgroO

An'waind -wound -'waund oj breath' An'wind |-ed -id |

upharsin ju'farsin;

|-ths -9s

ES

-'fa:sin,

E4—'fa:s-

upheaval Ap'hivl, 'Apjhivl

unwinking An'wigkig unwise Aii'waiz unwisdom An'wizdam unwished An'wi/t

upheave Ap'hiv [-heaved -'hivd

unwitnessed An'witnist

uphill adj 'Ap'hil ('up-hill 'work)

unwitting An'witig

uphill adv 'Ap'hil ('up,liill

unwomanly An'wumanli, -'wumanh unwonted An'wAntid see wont

uphold Ap'hold 1-held -'held

unworkable An'ws^kabl; ES -'wsk-, -'wyk-;

upholster Ap'holsta^;

-bk unworldly An'wyldh;

arch,

-'bildid

downcast

-id

unwelcome An'wElkam ('un^welcome 'news)

^deprive

E+

|-ed -id

upbuild Ap'bild upcast

-'wov

^uncoil'

-'boan,

upbringing n 'Apjbrigig

unweave An'wiv

unwind imwind

ES

-'baan

|-rying -riig

adj

Ap |upped Apt

to rhythm and meaning; unstr. apup and down, up-and-down 'Apan'daun, 'Apm'daun ('up-and-jdown 'motion)

|-table -tabl |-bly -bli

unwed

adv, prep, stressed 'ap, jAp; unstr. Ap, ap

up- prefix Ap-, jAp-, 'ap- according

-nidli

-'wivd

upper

459

upheld Ap'held uphill

n

'Apjhil, Ap'hil

&

'downihill) \arch.

pptc+

-holden -'holdan

ES

-sta(r; |-ed -d |-ing

-strig, -starig

l-bly

ES

-'w3ld-, -'wyld-

unworn An'worn, -'warn; ES -'woan,

E+

upholsterer Ap'holstara^, -'holstra^;

ES

unworshipped An'wy/apt; ES -Vs/-, -'wy/unworthy au'w^Si; ES -'wstJi, -'ws^tJi

upkeep n 'Apjkip upkeep V Ap'kip |-kept -'kept upland n, adj, adv 'Apland, 'Apjaend

unwound 'uncoiled' An'waund unwounded 'unhurt' An'wundid, -'wa undid

uplift

-'w33n

-ra(r

upholstery Ap'holstn, -'holstari

uplander 'Aplanda^, 'Ap^laenda^ ;

n

ES

-da(r

'Apjhft

unwrap An'raep |-ped -t un wrinkle An'rigkl |-d -d

uplift V Ap'lift ]-lifted -'Iiftid, arch, past &'

unwritten An'ritn ('un^written 'law)

upmost 'Ap^most upon stressed a'pan, a'pnn, a'pan;

pptc+-liit -'hft

unwrought An 'rat unyielding An'jildig

unyoke An'jok |-yoked |full

occas.

upper

-'jokt

ful Itooth tue [further 'fytSa^;

ES

'fstJa

unstr.

apan; restressed a'pAn

'Apa-;

ES Upa(r

|custom 'kAstam |while hwail |how hau |toy

tai

lusing 'juzig |fuse fjuz, fiuz |dish dij [vision 'visan |Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'Idpm

upper-class

Ursa

460

upper-class

ES

Vpa^'klaes;

E+

'Apa'klaes,

uptown

uppercut

ES 'ApaES Upa-

'Apa'^^most;

ES

uppers 'Apa'z;

upturn

Uppsala 'Apjsab

{Siv 'b'pjsarla)

upraise Ap'rez

|-s

-iz |-d

uprear Ap'rir;

ES

Ural-Altaic 'jural-ael'te-ik uranalysis jura'naelasis |-yses -a^siz

v 'Ap^rait |-ed -id

Urania ju'renia uranic ju'raenik

-iz

|-s

uprise v Ap'raiz

-Voz

|-rose

-iz

|-s

|-n

-n

uraninite ju'raenajnait

[-risen

-'nzn

uranite 'jura^nait

n

uranium ju'remam, -njam Uranus 'juranas |-'s -iz

Vp^raizii), Ap'raizig

uproar 'Ap^ror,

-^rar;

ES

E+-jr33(r;

-jro3(r,

ES

urban, U- 's'ban;

V up'roar

uproarious Ap'rorias, -'rarias; S -Vorias

Urbana y'baena; ES

uproot ApVut, -Vut j-ed -id

urbane y'ben;

uprouse ApVauz

-iz |-d -d

|-s

Upsala 'Apjsab (Sw upset adj,

ES 'ab-, 'ybES s'bien-, y'baen's^ban^aiz; ES '3b-, 'yb-; |-s

urbanity s^'baenati; urbanize

ES+'^Jot

upside Vp'said, Up^said

l-d-d urchin 'ytjm;

upside down, upside-down 'Apjsaid'daun

Urdu

'jupsabn,

upsilon

-Jon,

-^laii,

adj, adv, v 'Ap'steds

ocd + 'up^stairs,

urethra ju'riOra

-iz j-d -d

|-s

E

adj,

|-niic

-mik

-z |-rae -ri

|-s

urethritis jjuri'Oraitis

-'steaz,

ES

uretic ju'retik

adv 'up'stairs

ES

urge a'ds;

sds, s^Ay,

|-s -iz |-d

-d |-nt -ant

1-ncy -ansi

upstart n, adj 'Ap^start;

ES

'uadu, ua'du.

|-1 -1

uremia ju'rimia, -mja

upstanding Ap'staendig upstart V Ap'start;

ES

uredo ju'rido

upstairs n, Ap'sterz, -'staerz; -'staeaz;

'st/in, 's^t/m

'urdu, ur'du, ^-'du;

urea ju'ria, 'juria 'Ap^spriij

upspring v Ap'sprig \past -sprang -'spraeg or -sprung -'sprAij \pptc -sprung -'sprAQ

ES

Uriah ju'raia

-jSta:t, E-i--jSta:t

-'start,

E + -'sta:t;

uric 'junk

|-ed

-id

Uriel 'jurial

upstate adj, adv Up'stet ('up^state 'town)

Urim 'jurim

upstream

urinal 'juranl

adj, adv 'Ap'strim; v Ap'strim j-ed -d

upstroke 'Ap^strok

urinalysis jura'ntelasis |-yses -a,siz

upsweep n Vp^swip upsweep V Ap'swip |-swept -'swept upswing n 'Apjswig upswing V Ap'swig j-swung -'swAg uptake 'Apjtek

urinary 'jurajneri urinate 'jura^net

urn yn;

Urquhart

bee bi

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

an,

yn

'yka^t,

Ursa 'ysa; pity |

E

jura'ne/an

ES + -'d1ES 'sk-,

-kit;

's-k-;

{Sc

'srxart)

uptown n Ap'taun, 'Apjtaun See in full §§3~47.

ES

urology jur'aladsi;

up-to-date 'Apta'det ('up-to-jdate 'news)

[bath b£eO;

j-d -id |-tion

urine 'junn

upthrust 'ApjOrAst

Key;

ES

-iz

s'du, y'du

jup-

Brit,

'saibn

upspring n

y'bana

s'ben, y'ben; |-ness-'ben-

nis

v Ap'set

'ApjJ"at;

ES

'sban, 'yban s'baena,

urbanite 's^ban^ait;

'ap^saila)

upset n Upjset

upstage

-d

Ural 'jural

S + -'r£3(r; j-ed -d

-'ri3(r,

uprise n Up^raiz

upshot

'down-

uraemia ju'rimia, -mja |-mic -mik

-d

upright adv Up^rait, ApVait

uprising

&

ES -jtan, -^tyn ES -'tsn, -'tyn; |-ed ES 'Apwad; |-s -z

V Ap'tyn;

upward 'Apwa^d; Ur y; ES 3(r, s'

'Apsz

uppish UpiJ

upright n, adj,

('up^town

upturn n 'Ap^tyn;

n, v Vpa^^kAt;

uppermost

adj, adv 'Ap'taun

jtown)

-'klas, -'klas

'piti

(

§6)

ES

'ssa, 'ysa

rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg |angrj' 'aeg-gri I

far |watch wat/,

WDt/

(§12) Ijaw dsa [gorge gards |go go

Ursa Major

461

Ursa Major 's'sa'medsa'; ES 'ssa'medsaCr, 'yss'medsaCr; \gen Ursae Majoris 'ysi-, 'ssima'dsoris |Minor -'mama^; ES -nad; Minoris -mi'noris

\gen

ES

ursine 'ysain, -sin;

Ursula 'ysjula, 'ysala;

'ss-, ^s's-

ES

Vs-; |-line Ursley 'ursk, modern 'ss-,

(m

5/;a^.

ES

'ssas, 'ysas |-sus' -sas

-hn, -jlain

usurious ju'3urias, -rjas

Ursus 'ys3s;

Urswick ^yzwik, 'yzik;

ES

usury

'jusari, 'jusri

Utah

'juta, 'juta |-an

Ute

s (let's

utensil ju't2nsl

'juea^;

|-es -iz j-ri -^rai j-rine

ES

kts)

utile 'jutil

utilitarian jjutila'terian, ju^tila-, -'terutility ju'tilati

utilization jjutla'zefan, -ai'zutilize 'jutl,aiz

usance 'juzns

|-s

-rm

'iuea(r

usable 'juzabl less freq. 'jiizidj |-s -iz

juza-, -sa-

-an

usability Juza'bibti

usage 'jusids,

ES

Utica 'jutika

'sz-, 'yz-

j-'s

-sa^-;

jut, 'juti

Uther

Uruguay 'jura^gwe, -jgvvai (5^ juru'gwai) Uruguayan jura'gwean, -'gwaian us stressed 'as, jAs; unstr. as

-sp, -3"p; |-ed -t

usurpation Juza^'pejan,

uterus 'jutaras

Vsli)

ES

usurp ju'zyp, -'syp;

utmost

-iz

use w jus uses 'jusiz

-iz j-d -d j-zable -abj

|-s

'Atjinost,

'Atmast

Utopia ju'topia, -pja

|-n

Utrecht 'jutrekt {Du

'ytrext)

-n

I

use V juz |uses 'juziz |used juzd |-able -abl

utricle 'jutrikl

used to adj 'accustomed

utter,

accustomed

to': before

to,'

v

'was (were)

a pause 'justu, before

vowels 'justu, before vowels or conss. 'justa

useful 'jusfal

usher,

U-

;

Uxb ridge

'iuza(r

ES

'Aj'a(r; |-ed

-d |-ing -Jang,

ES

'Ata(r; 1-ed -d

ES

|-s

-iz

'Atara(r

|-lar -la^;

'Aksbrids

]-'s

ES

ES

'Ata-

-la(r

-iz

uxorial Ak'sorial, Ag'z-, -anal; S -orial; |-ious -las

-/rig

Usk Ask

uxoricide Ak'sora^said, Ag'z-, -ar-; S -or-

Uzbek 'Azb8k |Uzbeg 'Azb£g

usquebaugh Uskwi^ba usual 'ju5ual, 'jusul, 'jusal

uzzard

|-ly -i

usurer 'jusara^;

ES

vacuum Vaekjuam

Vs, poss V's viz

vacant 'vekant vacancy 'vekansi |

vacate Veket [-cated -ketid vacation

ve'ke/an,

va-,

'Azad

Uzziel A'zaial

'ju3ara(r

letter vi \pl V's,

ES

'izsard' 'Aza^d;

Uzziah A'zaia

usufruct 'juzjujfrAkt, 'jus-

V, V

utterer 'Atara^;

uvula 'juvjala

ES

UJa-

'Ata^;

uttermost 'Ata^,most, -mast;

|-ly -i

useless 'juslis

user 'juza';

U-

utterance 'Atarans, 'Atrans

vi-

|-ed

-d

-ing

vagina va'dgaina

-/anil), -Xnig

|-s

-z

|

vacua 'vaekjua

vade mecum 'vedi'mikam vagabond 'vaega/band, -^bond vagary va'geri, ve-, -'gen

|-age -ids

|-nal 'vaedsanl, va'dsainl

vaccinate 'vaeksrijCt |-d -id |-tion jvaeksu'e/an

vagrant 'vagrant |-grancy -gransi

vaccine 'vaeksin, -sin

vagrom malapropism 'vegram

Vachel

vague veg

'vet/al

vacillate 'vaesl/Ct |-d -id |-tion jvaesl'e/an

vagus 'vegas

vacillatory 'vaeslajtori, -^tari; S -;tori

vail vel

vacuity vae'kjuati, va-, -'kiu-

Vailima vai'lima

vacuo VaekjujO |-uous -juas

vain ven |-ness Vennis

|full

ful |tooth tu6 [further 'fySa^;

ES

|

|-es -iz |-vagi

'vedsai

vailed veld

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kred! [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

— 462

vainglory vainglory ven'glori, -'gbn; S -'glon;

|-

rious

varsity vandal, V- 'vfendl [-ism -^izam

vandalize 'vaendljaiz

-ri3s

E

vair \er, vaer;

veaCr,

ES

|-s

-iz |-d

ES

Vanderbilt 'vaendar^bilt;

vae3(r

-d

'vaenda-

vale 'valley' vel

Van Dieman, v- vaen'diman Van Doren vaen'doran, -'dor-; S

vale 'farewell' Veil

van Dyck, Dijk vaen'daik

valance Vaelans

-iz |-d -t

|-s

-'dor-

valediction jvaeb'dikjan

Van Dyck

valedictorian jvaebdik'torian, -'tar-; S -'tor-

Vandyke, Van Dyke, van D- vaen'daik vane yen |vaned vend Vanessa va'nesa van Eyck vaen'aik vanguard 'vaen^gord; ES -iga:d, E+-iga:d

valedictory jvaeb'diktari, -tn

valence c/tem. 'vebns |-cy -si

Valencia va'knfia, -/a

|-n

-n

Valenciennes va^knsi'enz {Fr vala'sjen) valentine,

V-

vaen'daik

vanilla va'nib

'vaelan^tain

Valera, de dava'lera, -'kra, -'lira

vanish 'vasni/

Valeria va'liria

vanity 'vasnati

valet

|-ed -id {Fr

'vaelit

French

|-ius -s |-ius's -siz

Valet, with a

400

vse'le

'vaele, i,

va'k)

A

pseudo-

sometimes heard.

is

has been English for

at least

van Loon vaen 'Ion vanquish 'vaenkwij, Vaegvantage 'vaentids [-s -iz [-d -d

vanward

years.

valetudinarian jVaebjtjudn'erian, -jtiu-,

- itu-,

-'tiu-, -'tu-

ES

'vaenwa^d;

'vaenwad

vapid 'vaepid [vapidity vas'pidati, va-

vapor

-'erian

valetudinary jvaela'tjudnjEn,

]-es -iz |-ed -t

ES

'vepa^;

'vepa(r; |-ous -as, -pras

vaporific jvepa'rifik

Valhalla vael'haeb

vaporization jvepara'ze/an, -ai'z-

valiant 'vaeljant |-nce -ns |-ncy -nsi

vaporize 'vepa^raiz

valid 'vaelid

Vargas 'vargas;

validate Vala^det |-d -id

variability jvena'bibti, jver-, jvaer-

validity va'lidati

variable 'veriabl, 'ver-, 'vaer- [-bly -bli

valise va'lis

|-s

variation ^veri'e/an, jver-, jvasr-

varicolored

valley 'vaeh [-ed -id

Vallombrosa jvaeiam'brosa 'vaela^;

ES

-iz |-d

'ver-,

variegate 'v£rijget, 'ver-, 'vaer- |-d -id

variegation jveri'gejan, jver-, jvaervariety va'raiati

{Sp jbalpara'iso)

j-tal -tl |-tally -tli

valuable 'vaeljabl, 'vaeljuabl |-bly -bli

variola va'raiab

valuation jvjelju'ejan

varioloid jvena'bid, jver-, jvaer-

ES

variorum jveri'oram,

-jCtaCr

value 'vaelju [valued 'vaeljud valve vaelv

|-d

-'or

ES

varlet 'varht;

-b(r

vamoose vae'mus -s -iz |-d -t vamp vaemp vamped va;mpt vampire 'vaempair; ES 'vaempai3(r; van vaen vanned vaend vanadium va'nediam, -djam Van Buren vaen'bjuran, -'biuran Vancouver vaen'kuva^; ES -'kuva(r See in full §§3^7.

|bath baeO;

E

[far

'va:ht, E+'va:l-; |-ry -ri

ES

'va:mant,

E+

'va:m[-ed -d

bee bi |pity

baG (§10) |ah a

ES

varment, -mint 'varraant;

|

Key:

jver-, jvaer-, -'aram; S

am

various 'verias, 'ver-, 'vaer-

-d

valvular 'vaelvjala^;

ES

varicosis jvaeri'kosis

-d

Valparaiso jvaelpaVezo, in 5^4+-'raiso, -zo

valuator 'vaeljujeta^;

'v«r-;

varicose 'vaerijkos, 'veri- |-d -t

Vaebcr; |-ous -as

|-s

'ven^kAla^d,

-jkAbd

(// jvallom'brorsa)

valorization ^vielara'ze/an, -ai'zvalorize 'vseb^raiz

{Pg VargaJ)

'va:g-;

variant 'v£riant, 'ver-, 'vaer- |-nce -ns

-iz

Valkyrie vail'kiri

valor

-iz |-d -d |-ry -ri

|-s

ES

Varney 'vami; ES varnish 'varnij; Varrius 'vaerias

Varro

ES |-'s

'va:ni,

'va:n-,

E+'va:n-;

j-es -iz

-iz

'vaero

varsity 'varsati, 'varsti; 'piti (§6)

E + 'va:ni

ES

'va:s-,

E + 'va:s-

|rate ret |yet J£t |sang saeg langrj- 'aeg-gri

far [watch watj,

wot/

(§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

—

.

Varuna

— veracious

463

Varuna Vaeruna,

velum 'vilam

'vAr-

vary Veri, Ve:ri, Veri, Vaeri |-ried -rid Some speakers distinguish vary from very

Velutus va'lutas,

ES

|-

S -IZ

venation vi'ne/an

vaseline Vaesljin, -in

vend vend

vassal Vaesl |-ed -d

vender 'venda^;

vast v£est; E+vast, vast;

|-ed -id |-ee ven'di

ES

vendetta v£n'deta

|-ity -ati

'venda(r -z

|-s

vendibihty ^venda'bilati

vat vaet

vendible 'vendabl |-bly -bli

Vatican Vaetikan vaudeville

Vodv-,

Voda^vil,

Voda^vil

{Fr

vendition ven'dijan

ES

vendor 'venda^;

vod'vil)

vendue ven'dju,

Vaughan, -ghn vdh

Vaux Eng name vaks

j-'s -iz,

Fr

vil.

vo

('Vaux ,hall

ES

vavasour Vaev3jSur;

venerable 'venarabl, -nra- |-bly -bli

venerate 'vena^ret

[-d -id |-tion

I've aiv, you've 'juv,

is

still

lieard,

15-I9cc; cf

OF

ES

venge vends

Vekt3(r

|-s

|-s

venial 'vinial, -njal |-ly

vee vi

Venice 'venis

Vega {Sp

poet

vegetable Vedstabl, Vedsatabl

j-'s

'bega)

|-tal

-dsati

vegetate Vedsa^tet

venous 'vinas

|-d -id |-tive -iv

vehement Viamant, Vihi-

ES

ventilate 'vEntl^et \-d -id |-tor

ventral 'v£ntral

|

|-s

-iz |-d

j-'s

ES

-a(r

\-\y -i

Ventura ven'tura venture

-keOs, -kwiziz

veld, -dt v£lt

'vent/a^;

ES

-t/a(r;

|-d

-d

[-ring

-tjarig, -t/rig |-rous -tjaras, -tjras

vellum Vslam

venue 'venju, 'veniu, 'venu

velocipede va'lasa^pid; velocity va'lasati;

|full

-iz

-3^;

ventriloquism VEn'trilajkwizam |-quist -kwist

-d

Velasquez, -laz- va'laskeO, va'laeskwiz {Sp

velours va'lur;

|-'s

ventricle 'ventrikl

Vila(r

be'laskeG, -'laO-)

-iz

ventilation jventl'e/an

vein ven veined vend

velarize Vila^raiz

|-'s

|-ed -d |-ous -as

Ventidius ven'tidias, -'tidsas

-'hikjala(r

veiled veld

ES

-iz

ventail 'ventel

|-nce -ns

vehicle Viikl, Viakl, Vihikl

vehicular vi'hikjala';

-iz

vent vent |-ed -id

vegetation jvedsa'tejan

velar Vila^;

jbene-

-i

Venizelos jV£ni'zelas, -Ins, -las

venom 'vgnam

|

{Am Sp

venison 'venazn {Brit 'venzn)

vegetarian ^vedsa'tErian, -'ter-

veil vel

-n

venire facias vi'nairi'fejijfes

vi3(r; [-ed -d

Sp

|-n

-iz |-d -d |-ful -fal |-fully -fall

vengeance 'vendsans

-dik

|-dic

vedette va'det

star 'viga,

Venitian

Venicien, Fr Venitien.

'swela)

|vealed vild

Veda Veda, VIda

Venicyan,

spelt

Venezuela ^vena'zwila

they've 3ev

vector 'vekta^;

The old variant va'nijan

Venetian va'nijan

have v, as in juv, we've Viv, wiv.

've abhr. spelling of unstressed

Vega

jvena'te/an

venery 'vsnari

-jSU3(r

vaward Vawa^d; ES Vowad

ES

-d

-'nia(r; |-ed

venereal va'ninal

'Gardens)

veer vir;

an ven'dar)

venerabihty jvenara'bilati

|-ed -id

ES + Voks-;

Vauxhall Vaks'liDl;

-da(r; (ven'di

-'diu, -'du

ES

veneer va'nir;

vault volt -ed -id

vaunt vDnt, vont, vant

vil

-i

venal 'vinl |-naUty vi'naelati

'vaeskJ3b(r

vase ves, imich lessfreq. vez, {Brit vaz)

veal

-'lua(r, -'lnja(r

-'liu- |-'s -iz

velvet 'velvit |-ed -id ]-y

by a longer £ (§55) vascular Vaeskjala^;

ES

velure va'lur, -'hur;

ES

ES + - 'Ins-

Venus 'vinas Vera 'vira

ES + -'los-

veracious va 're/as |-racity -'raesati

-'lua(r

ful |tooth tuG Ifurther 'fy'Sa';

|-es -iz |-'s -iz

ES

'fatJa

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz jdish dij" [vision

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy

Visan jEden

'Idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

— Veracruz Veracruz, V- Cruz Vera'kruz

(Am Sp

-iz

|-'s

veranda, -ah va'raenda [-daed, -dahed -dad

ES

verb vyb;

vsb, vs^b;

|-al -1 |-ally -li

ES

verbatim va^'betim, vy-; verbena va^'bina;

ES

va-, V3-,

Vsnaz, Vynaz

vy-

ES Vsb-, VybES va-, V3-, vy-;

v^-;

va^'bos,

ES fa-; {Ger fEr'bo:tan) verdant 'va^dnt; ES Vsd-, Vyd-; |-ncy -nsi Verde, Cape 'kepVyd; ES -Vad, -Vs'd Verdi 'verdi; ES Veadi; {It Verdi) verdict 'vydikt; ES Vsd-, Vydverdigris Vydi^gris; ES Vsd-, Vydverditer Vs^dita'; ES V3dita(r, Vydit3(r Verdun ver'dAn, Verdan; ES vea'dAn, verboten fa^'botn;

Veadan; {Fr

V3d3a(r, Vyd3a(r,

ES

verger Vs^dsa^;

ES

ES

-iz |-d -d

]-s

ES

Vs-,

'vs^-; j-ges'

versatility ^vysa'tilati;

ES

verse vs^s; versicle

vss, vys;

Vsds-, Vyds-

Vergilian v3'M3iL[an, V3^-, -Ijan;

ES

versicolor Vs^si/kAl*;

ES

va-, V3-,

verify Verajfai |-fied -^faid [-fiable -jfaiabj

-bh

ES

vertical Vs^tikl;

vertigo

ES

Vss-, Vs's-;

ES

vervain Vs^ven;

verve vyv;

ES 'v3-, Vs'ES Vs-, Vyjvs^ma'seli; ES jV3m-, ^vs^m-;

ES

Vs-, Vy-;

ES

Vst-, Vyt-; |-ly

{It

V3"majf3rni;

ES

Vsmajfaam,

regards

it

ES

ES

'v3m-,

-i, -ikli

vs-, vs'-

Vst-,

Vyt-;

va^'tidsa/iiiz;

ES Vsven,

vsv,

|-s

ES

-z,

va-

Vs"-

vyv

educated Atnericans often

Vespasian VEs'pesian, -3an

ES

Vespucci vEs'putJi

VsspaCr {It ves'puttji)

vessel VesI |vesseled

Vs'mva^'miljan;

Vermillion va^'nuljan;

ES

ES

vs'-;

I

Vesta VEsta vestal VesII

va-

ES

|

|-ous -as

va'mant, V3-,

vestee VEs'ti vestibule VEsta^bjul, -jbiul [-d -d vestige Vsstids

vy-, -'mrnit

vermouth VymuG, va^'muG; ES Vs-, va-, Vy-; {Fr VEr'mut, Ger VVermut Ve:rmu:t) See in full §§3-47.

bee

baG (§10) ]ah a

VEsld

vest vEst vested Vsstid

va-

vermin Vymin; ES V3inin, Vsrn-;

E

ES

as standard.

vesper Vsspa^;

vermifuge Vymaifjud3, -ifiud3;

|bath bfcG;

-iz |-tices

vesicle VESikl

V3"in-

Vermont va^'mant,

]-s

pronounce very almost like Vyi, hut no one

-mil;

jVermi'tjElli)

V-

[-brae

vs-, vy-; {It ver'tu:)

Some

very Veri

verjuice Vs'jdsus, -jd3ius;

vermilion,

|-fied -^faid

Verulam VErulam, VEralam

-^simala(r

veritable 'vEratabl |-bly -bh |-ty Verati

vermiform

Vys-

jVss-, ^vys-

ES

Vyti^go;

verisimilitude jverasa'nulajtjud, -jtiud, -^tud

vermicelli

ES

-braz |-brate -jbret

-jbri |-bras

vertu vy'tu;

verisimilar jvera'simala^;

Vyml,

VssijkAlaCr,

Vy/an; ES Vs-, Vs"-

version Vs^san,

a^Lva^'taigo |-tigines

verily Verali

vermeil

-iz |-d -t

versification ;vysafa'ke/an;

vertiginous vy'tidsanas;

l-bly

|-s

Vss-, Vys-

-tajsiz

VS'-

Key:

ES

Vysikl;

vertex Vytsks;

-d3iz, -dsiz

ES

ES Vss-, 'v3--sES jvss-, jva^s-

versatile Vysatl, -til;

ES Vsso, Vyso ES vsst, vyst versus Vs^sas; ES Vss-, Vysvertebra Vs'tabra; ES Vst-, Vyt-;

'v3d3a(r, V3"d3a(r

Verges V3^d3iz, -dsiz; Vergil Vs^dsal;

va-; France va^-

va-, VEa-; {Fr vEr'sa:j)

verst vyst;

da'via(r

vsds, vyds;

ES

ES

va^'selz;

'selz, vEr'sai;

verso Vs'so;

-d3ua(r; |-rous -ras Vere, de daVir;

US

Versailles

versify V^sajfai;

v2r'doe)

ES

Vsni-aCr, Vyni-a(r

Vernon Vynan; ES Vsnan, Vynan Verona va'rona {It ve'roma) Veronica va'ranika, -'ron-

|-bosity -'basati; ES-h-'bos-

verdure Vs^dsa^, -djur;

ES

vernier Vynia^;

va'bina

verbiage Vs^biids, -bjids;

verge v^ds;

ES V3'naekjala(r ES Vsnl, Vy-; [-ly -i Verne V3f-n; ES vsn, v3'-n; {Fr VErn) Verner's law Vsma^z Ua, Vs^na-z; ES Vsanaz, vernacular va^'naekjala'; vernal Vynl;

'bera'krus)

verbose

vestment

464

|-s

-iz

vestigial V£s'tid3ial |-ly -i

vestment VEstmant

|-ed -id

bi |pity 'piti (§6) |rate ret |yet JEt |sang saeg langrj^ '«o-gri |far

far |\vatch watj,

wot/

(§12) |jaw dsa jgorge gards |go go

465

vestry

vindicable vicious Vi/as

vestry 'vestri

ES

vesture Vestfa^;

-d-d

-t/3(r;

vicissitude va'sisajtjud, -jtiud, -^tud

vesuvian, V- va'suvian, -'siu-, -'sju-

|-ius

ES

Vicksburg Viksbyg; victim Viktim

-I3S, -VJ3S |-ius's -3SIZ

-bsg, -byg

|-ize -^aiz |-izes -^aiziz |-ized

vet v£t vetted 'vEtid I

ES %kta(r

vetch vetf [vetches Vet/iz

victor 'vikta';

veteran Vetaran, 'vetran

Victoria, v- vik'toria, -'tar-, -rja;

veterinarian jvetra'nEtian, -tara-,

-

'ner-

ve terinary 'vetr3ineri, VetarajnEri veto

-'tor-;

victory 'viktri, 'viktari

vetoed 'vitod

'vito

S

-n |-ious -las, -rjas

|-n

victress 'viktris |-es -iz

I

vex v£ks [vexes Veksiz ]-ed

Victrola vik'trola

-t |-edly -idli

vexation veks'e/an |-tious -Jas

victual

via Vai3

'vitl [victuals 'vitlz (vittle 1575) vicuna vi'kjuna, -'kiiina {Sp bi'kuna)

viable VaiabI

Vida

viaduct 'vai3jdAkt

first

name

'vaida, 'vida; It poet 'vida

(// 'vi:da)

vial 'vaial, vail

vide

viand Vaiand

videlicet, abbr. viz. vi'delasit, viz

viaticum vai'aetikam

Vienna vi'£na

vibrant Vaibrant |-ncy -nsi vibrate Vaibret ]-d -id |-tor

'vaidi

vie vai |vied vaid [vying 'vaiig

-z |-ca -ka

|-s

'^ee'

ES

-a^;

view vju, viu

-3(r

[-nese jvia'niz [-ed -d [-point -jpaint

vibration vai'brejan |-tive Vaibrativ, -bre-

vigesimal vai'dsesaml

vibrato vi'brato

vigil 'vidsal

vibratory Vaibrajtori,

-jtori;

viburnum, V- vai'bs^nam;

ES

vicar 'vika^;

S

ES

vigilant 'vidsalant [-lance -lans

-jtori

-'bsn-, -'byn-

Vik3(r

vigor 'viga^;

vicarial vai'kerial, vi-, -'ker- |-ious -las

vice

n vais vices Vaisiz

viking,

|

vice prep Vaisi, -si

vice-chancellor Vais'tjaensala^,

-sla^;

ES

-l3(r;

-3(r; |-ate -it |-ship

-a^,

vilify 'vilajfai [-fied -jfaid

vice-governor Vais'gAvana^, -vna^, -'gAva^na'; -'gAV3n3(r,

-vn3(r;

|-ship

village 'vilids

—

-Jip

villein 'vilin

Villiers 'vila^z, 'vilja^z;

villous 'vilas

{§121).

Vilna 'vilna

vice-president

-iz [-d -d

villanage, -ain-, -en-, -ein- 'vilanids

'gAva^na^ becomes 'gAvana^ by dissimilation

vicennial vai'sEinal |-ly

|-s

villain 'vilan [-ous -as [-y -i

-Jip

vicegerent vais'dsirant |-ncy -nsi |-ship -j/ip

ES

'viga(r; [-ous -as

vill vil [villa 'vila

vice-consul 'vais'kansl; ES+-'kDn-; |-ar

ES

ES

'vaikig

vilification ^vilafa'kejan

-ti

-ship -Jip

-sjala^;

V-

vile vail [vilely 'vailli

vice-admiral Vais'aedmaral |-ty

I

vigilante jVidsa'laenti

vignette vin'jet [vignetted vin'jetid

ES

vim vim

-i

'vais'prezadant,

-'prezdant

vinaigrette jVina'gret |-d -id

Vincennes

|-ncy -nsi |-ship -^Jip

US

vin'senz

|-'s

vice-regent Vais'ridsant |-ncy -nsi

v«'sen Vincent 'vinsnt

viceroy Vaisrai |-ship -y/ip

Vincentio vin'senJijO, -Jjo

viceregal vaisVigl |-ly

-i

viceroyal vaisVaial, -Vajal |-ty vice versa 'vaisi'vysa;

Vichy

ES

'vilaz, -Ijaz

Vinci,

-ti

-Vasa, -Vs'sa

Vi/i, 'vi/i {Fr vi'/i)

Leonardo da

-iz

jlia'nardo da'vintji;

vincible 'vinsabl [-bly -bli

vindicability jvindaka'bilati

vicinity va'sinati

vindicable 'vindakabl [-bly -bh

ful [tooth tuO [further 'fytJa^;

ES

-'na:do; {It jleo'nardo da'yintji)

vicinage Visnids |-nal -snal, -sanl

[full

\France Fr

ES

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

'em

tai

'kipip

466

vindicate vindicate Vindajket |-d -id |-tor

-a^;

ES

vituperation

ES Vs-, 'vs-; |-ly -i ES 'vs-, 'vy-; |-tuous -tjuas jvytju'asati; ES jVStXu'asati.

virtual Vytjual;

-3(r

vindication jvinda'kejan

virtue 'vytju;

vindicative 'vindajketiv, vin'dikativ

virtuosity

vindicatory Vindaka^ton, -itDn; S -jton

-'dS-, jV3"-

virtuoso

vindictive vin'diktiv

vine vain |vined vaind

ES -g3(r; |-y -i, -gri ES Vinjad viniculture 'vinijkAlt/a^; ES -jkAlt/aCr vinous 'vainas ]-nosity vai'nasati; ES + -'nDSvinegar Viniga';

vintage Vintids

|-s

ES

^vs-,

jvs^-;

virus 'vairas

n

visa

|

viruses 'vairasiz

visa V 'viza visas 'vizaz [visaed 'vizad=vise |

-d

visage 'vizids

|-s

Vintn3(r

visard 'viza-d;

ES

-iz |-d

'vizaz=vise

'viza \pl visas

-iz |-d

-d

'vizad; |-ed -id = vizard

same {Fr

viny 'vaini

vis-a-vis jviza'vl \pl

viol Vaial, vail

Visayan vi'sajan

viola mils, instr. vi'ola, Vaiala {It vib:la)

viscera 'visara \rare sg viscus 'viskas

viola _^ower Vaiala

Viola

name

viscid 'visid

Shak. Vaiala

'vaiala, vai'ola, in

|

viscidity vi'sidati |

viscosity vis'kasati;

violate Vaiajet |-d -id ]-tion jvaia'Ie/an

viscount 'vaikaunt

violent Vaialant |-nce -ns |-nces -nsiz

vise vais vise

violet Vaialit

vise V 'vize

violin jvaia'lin |-ed -d

visibility jviza'bilati

-bn

jvialan't/ehst, |-llo -lo

viper Vaipa^;

ES

visit 'vizit j-ed -id |-or -a^;

= visa

ES

-a(r

visitant 'vizatant |-itation jviza'tejan

'vaip3(r; |-ous -as, -pras

visor

'vaiza--,

much

less freq. 'viza^;

ES

-za(r;

i-ed -d

vista 'vista

vireo Viri^o

ES

virgate n, adj Vygit, -get;

'v3-,

Vy-

ES Vs-, Vy-; |-d -id Virgil Vydsal; ES Vads-, V3^d3Virgilia va^'dsiha, vy-; ES va-, V3-,

Vistula 'vist/ula

virgate v 'vyget;

visual 'visual j-ly

-i

visualize 'visual^aiz

vt-;

|-s

-iz |-d -d

vital 'vaitl |-ly -i j-tality vai'talati

-n

vitals 'vait}z

Vydjin; ES V3-, Vy-;

l-ally

= visa

vises 'vizez |viseed 'vized

vision 'vi5an [-ary -^Eri

jvaialan'selist;

{It jvioIon'tjEllo)

virelay Vira^le

|-n

|

visible 'vizabl |-bly -bli

virago va'rego, vai'rego

virgin

-iz j-d -t

]-s

'vize \pl vises 'vizez

Visigoth 'vizijgaB, -jgoG, -igaO

violinist jvaia'linist

ES+-lDn-;

n

ES + -'kDS-

j-ess -is j-ess's -isiz

Violenta jvaia'knta

violine, -lin chem. 'vaiSjlin,

viza'vi)

viscose 'viskos viscous 'viskas

violable 'vaialabl |-bly -bli

violoncellist

vitamin

|-ed -d |-al -I

'vaitamin

Ivitamine

'vaita^main,

-nun

-h

Virginia va^'dsinja, esp.

NEngd

-'dsinia;

ES

vitiate 'vi/i^et j-d -id |-iable 'vijiabl

va-; |-n -n

viticulture 'vitijk Alt/a-;

Virgin Islands Vs^dsin'ailandz;

ES

Vsds-,

ES

-jkAltJaCr

vitreous 'vitrias

Vs'ds-

vitrescent vi'tresnt |-nce -ns j-ncy -nsi

virginity va^'dsinati;

ES

va-

Virgo V3"go, gen Vs^dsinis; virgule Vygjul;

ES Vsg-

vitric 'vitrik

ES

Vs-, Vs"-

vitrify 'vitra^fai j-fied -jfaid vitriol 'vitrial |-ed -d

'vs'g-

ES + -'d1-

viridescent jvira'desnt |-nce -ns

vitriolic

viridity vaVidati

vituperate vai'tupa^ret, vi-, -'tiu-, -'tju-

virile 'viral, 'vairal |-rility va'rilati, vi-

virtu vs^'tii;

Key:

{It

virulent 'virjalant, 'virulant, 'vira- ]-nce -ns

vineyard Vmja'd;

vintner 'vintna^;

ES

jVs^tXu'oso;

jvirtu'o:so)

ES

E

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

|-d

-id

vs-, vy-; {It vir'tu:)

See in full §§3-47.

Ibath baeO;

jvitn'ahk;

vituperation vaijtupa 're/an, vi-, 'piti

(!

j6)

-,tiu, -itju-

]rate ret |yet jet jsang saeg |angry 'aeg-gri

far [watch watj,

WDtX

(§12) Ijaw dsa jgorge gards |go go

Vitus

467

Vitus Vaitas

viva 'long

|-'s

Volpone val'poni, vol-

-iz

Viva

live!'

voyager

Volscian Val/an, Vol-, -/lan

{It Vi:va)

[-s

-z

Volstead Valsted, -stid, Vol-

vivace vi'vatfi {It viVartfe) vivacious vai'vefas |-vacity -Vaesati

Volsunga Saga Valsuggajsaga, Vol-

vivarium vaiVEnam, -Ver-

volt volt |-age -ids |-ages -idsiz

viva-voce VaivaVosi

|-d

|-s

-z j-ia -la

-d

voltaic val'tC'ik;

Vivian, -en Vivian, -yjan

ES+vol-

E

Voltaire val'ter, vol-, -'taer;

vivid Vivid

-'taea(r;

ES

-'tEa(r ,

{Fr val'tErr) |-rean, -rian -lan

ES

vivification jvivafa'ke/an

voltameter val'taemata^

vivify Viv3jfai |-fied -jfaid

voltammeter Volt'aemjmita-; ES -jmita(r

viviparous vaiViparas

volte-face Valtjfas, Valta-, Vol- {Fr vblta-

vivisect jviva'sekt 1-ed -id |-section -'sEkfan

Voltemand,

viz. VIZ, vi'delasit

voltmeter Voltjinita^;

vizier

vi'zir,

Vizia^;

'vizja^,

ES Vizad ES vi'zi3(r.

ES

-Z3(r; |-ed -d, cf visor

Vladivostok jvlaediVastak;

ES+-VDstDk

vocable Vokabl j-bly -bli

Valta^maend, Vol-

ES -jmita(r ES + ^vol-

volubility jvalja'bilati;

voluble Valjabj;

ES + Vol-;

|-bly -bli

volumeter va'lumata', -'ku-,

ES

-d

|-d

val'ju-, val'ju-;

-ta(r, vol-

volumetric jvalja'mEtrik; ES+jVol-;

vocabulary va'kaebjajkri, vovocal Vokl

-ti-

volume Vcdjara; ES + Vol-;

VizJ3(r, Vizi'3(r

vizor Vaiza^, Viz-;

-'taemata(r. vol-

'fas)

vixen Viksn vizard arch. var. of visor Vizard;

;

l-ally -h,

Volumnia va'lAmnia, -nja

vocalize Vokl^aiz

1-s

-iz |-d

voluntary Valan^tEti;

-d

vocation vo'keXan vocative Vakativ, Vaki-;

|-ius -s |-ius's -siz

ES + Vol-;

|-rily -rail.

esp. if eniph. jvolun'tarily

ES + Vok-

volunteer

vociferate vo'sifaitet |-d -id [-rous -ras

ES

^valan'tir;

voluptuary va'lApt/ujEri |-tuous -tjuas

voice vais

void vaid |-ed -id |-able -abl J-ance -ns

vomit Vanut; ES + H'om-; voodoo 'vudu |-ed -d

voile vail {Fr vwal)

voracious vo'rejas

volute va'lut, va'liut

-iz |-d -t

vortex VartEks;

volant Volant

-puk

l-ism -jizam

jVolaVyk>

volatility

VdI-

Vala^puk,

ES + Vral-; |-ly ,vala'tilati; ES + ^vnl-

Vaateks;

ES

Vaa-;

-li, -ikli

|-ly -i

ES

va|-'s

-IZ

votaress, -tress Votaris, Votris |-es -iz

vote vot voted Votid 1

votive Votiv

vouch vautj

vole vol ]-d -d

volery Valari;

ES + VdI-

|-es -iz |-ed -t

voucher Vautja^;

ES

Vaut/aCr

Volga Volga, Volga

vouchsafe vautj'sef

volition vo'lijan

vow vau |vowed vaud

volitive Valativ;

volley

-tices |

votary Votari

ES + jvnlkan-

'oladsi

Volkslied Ger

|-es -iz

Vosges V03 |Vosgian, -gean Vo3ian

volcano val'keno; ES+vnljvalkan'aladsi;

|-ed -id

ES

vortiginous var'tidsanas;

-li

volcanic val'kaenik; ES+vd1-; |-ally

volcanology

|-d -id

-tijsiz

vortical Vartikl;

]-ist -ist

volatile Valatl, -til;

s+

^vol-

-'tia(r,

-'tEa(r

vodka Vadka, Vodka vogue vog |vogued vogd

Volapiik,

-!

voluminous va'lumanas, va'liu-

|-ly -i

vocalic vo'kaehk

|-s

al

|-

-ikh

|-al -1 |-ally -li

ES + Vol-

'falksjliit \pl -lieder

|-s

-s [-d -t

vowel Vaual, vaul, Vauil -jlhdar

Vah; ES + Voli; |-ed -d |-ball ES + Vol-; |-d -d

-,bal

volplane Valjplen;

full ful |tooth tue [further 'fySa^;

ES

'fs'Sa

[using ^juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision

|-ed -d j-Uke -Jaxk

vox vaks, voks [voces Vosiz

voyage Vai-ids, Vajids |-s -iz |-d -d voyager Vai-idsa', Vajidsa^; ES -a(r [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

Visan [Eden Hdn

[cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

— walkout

468

voyageur voyageur Fr vwaja'3oe:r

vulgarity VAl'gaerati

vraisemblance Fr vresa'bla:s

vulgarize 'vAlga^raiz

Vriesland 'frizland, -^land

Vulgate 'vAlget,

-iz |-d -d

|-s

-git

Vulcan 'vAlkan |-canian vAl'kenian

vulnerable 'vAlnarabl |-bly -bli

vulcanite 'vAlkan,ait

Vulpecula VAl'pEkjula

vulcanize VAlkan^aiz

[-s

ES + -'d1-

vulcanology jVAlkan'aladgi; vulgar 'vAlga^;

ES

|-lid -lid

vulpine 'vAlpain

-iz |-d -d

VaUJV; ES

vulture

VAltJaCr

vulva Va1v3

'vAlg3(r; |-ism -jizam

vying ptc of vie

vulgarian vAl'gerian, -'g£er-, -'ger-

Vang

W W, w

'dAb-lju, 'dAblju, 'dAbju \pl W's,

letter

Ws, poss W's

Wabash

'dAb-ljuz, 'dAbljuz, 'dAbjuz

'wobaef

wabble 'wabl, 'wob-

|-d

-d

|-ling

-bho. -bho

|

|-ful -fal

Wace Eng dean wes. Norm

poet wes, waes,

-fully -fall

wainscot 'wenskat, -^skat, -jskot; ES+'^skot;

W-

wainwright,

Ven^rait

waist west jwaisted 'westid

was

waistband Vest^baend, 'wes-, -band

Waco 'weko wad wad, wod

waistcloth VestjkbO, -jkloO

|-ded -id

waddle 'wadl, 'wodl

|-d

-d |-Kng

-dlii),

-dlig

wade wed waded 'wedid Wadsworth 'wadzwa^O, 'wod-; ES -waO wafer

ES

'wefa^;

'wefaCr;

-d

|-ed

'wefarig, 'wefrig

Vof j,

wafSe wafl,

ES

|-ed -id

'waeftja^, 'waf-, 'waf-;

ES

-t/aCr

|

I

ES

'wed33(r; |-ed -d |-ing

waggery 'waegari waggle Vaegl |-d -d 'waegna', Vagna';

Wake

|-ly -i

Island 'wek 'ailand

wakeless 'weklis |-ed -d |-ing

wake-robin Hvek^rabin; |-ling 'waeglirj,

Wagner Eng name

'waegna^,

ES

Vaeglig

Ger musician

-n3(r; {Ger Vaignar)

Wagnerian waeg'nirian, vagwagon 'waegan, 'waegg |-ed -d

Walden

'waldan,

Vekanig, Veknig

ES + -jrDbin

-dm

Waldenses wal'dEnsiz, wdI-

Waldo

'waldo

Waldoboro 'waldajbyo,

-a;

Waldorf 'waldarf; ES -daaf

wagon-lit Fr vago'li

wale wel waled weld

Wagram

Wales welz Wales's 'welziz

Ger Vargram 'wasgjStaef; E+-jstaf, -jStaf

|

Walhalla wael'haela, vaerhaela

walk wak [walked wakt

Wahabi, Wahh-, -bee wa'habi, waWahr, George war; ES W33(r waif wef Iwaifed weft

walkaway 'waka^we

E

-ibar-, -jbAr-,

|

wagtail Vaegjtel

See in full §§3-47.

ES

-iby-

wagonette jwaegan'et

[bath baeO;

ES

Wakefield 'wek^fild wakeful 'wekfal

waken wekan

'wed33rii), 'wedsrig

Wagstaff

-a(r; |-ress -ris

]

wake wek \past waked wekt or woke wok \pptc waked wekt, rarely woken 'wokan

'wofl

wag waeg wagged waegd wage weds wages 'wedsiz [waged wedsd wager 'wedsa^;

|-er -a^;

waive wev [waived wevd waiver 'weva^; -3(r

waft waeft, waft, waft wafture

Vestjain

wait wet j-ed -id j-ing

see cloth

waistcoat 'westjkot, 'wes^kot, 'weskat |-ed -id waistline

]

Key:

|

|-ed -id 1-ing -ig

-bh

l-bly -bli,

wail wel wailed weld

wain wen

-iz

|-'s

Waikiki 'wa-ijkikJ

walker,

W-

'waka^;

ES

'waka(r

walkout Hvak,aut

bee bi |pity 'piti (§6) [rate ret [yet jet |sang saeg [angry 'aeg^gri baG (§10) |ah a [far far jwatch watj, wotj" (§12) [jaw d3a [gorge gards [go go

—

— walkover

warp

469

walkover Vok^ova^;

ES

wanderlust 'wanda^jAst, 'wnn- {Ger 'vandar-

-jOV3(r

walk-up 'wakjAp

Just)

Walkiire, Die Ger di val'ky:r3

wane wen waned wend

Walkyrie

wangle 'waeggl

|

wael'kiri, vael1

wallaby 'walabi, 'wdI-

Wallace

want want, want, wont; S want, wont, want;

ES

'wala^, 'wnla^, 'wala^;

Vabn-

-3(r

wallet 'walit, Hvolit, 'walit

wapentake 'wapan^tek, 'wop-, 'waep-

-d

wallflower 'wal^fbua^, -jflaur;

ES

-jflau-3(r,

Wallingford 'waligfa^d, 'wol-. Vol-;

ES

-fad

Walloon wa'lun, wd-, wawallow 'wab,

-blig l-bler

-t

Vob, -b |-ed -d |-ing -bwig ES -jpepaCr

wallpaper 'wal^pepa^;

walnut 'walnat, 'wol-, -^nAt

ES

ware,

'w3lt3(r

lac.

—

wrongly taken

to

represent 0.

error is established, both In

America

Walworth

'waleanijSto,

Valtam-

ES

'walwa^G;

ES

E

wer, waer;

weaCr,

ES -waG

warehouse n 'wer^haus,

Mass

ware warehouse

'waer- |-ses -ziz;

ES

see

'wEr^hauz, 'waer-, -jhaus

v

|-d -d, -t;

ES

see

|-s

-iz

ware

wareroom 'wEr^rum,

'waer-,

-jrum;

ES

see

ware 'war^fer,

-jfaea(r; |-d

-jfaer;

E

'waajfEa(r,

ES

-d

The pron.

warison 'waerasn warlike 'war^laik;

ES ES

'waa-

wampus 'wampas, Vom-,

warm warm; ES waam;

'wain-

|-es -iz

'wamas, 'worn-, 'warn-

|-es

warm-blooded

'waajak, -Jnk |-ed -d

'warm'bUdid;

ES

'waam-;

ES

'waam-

('warm-jblooded 'valor)

-IZ

wan wan, won |-ned -d Wanamaker 'wanajmeka^, wand wand, wond

waea(r

'waer-;

+ 'waeahaem

warlock 'warjak;

warmhearted 'won-;

wander 'wanda^, 'wnnda^; ES |-ing -drig, -dang |full

ES

S

with e is esp. freq. in the S.

jwampa'noaeg, jwom-

wamm-

'waad^rob

'waer-;

wampum 'wampam, 'wompam, 'wampam wamus,

|-en -n

-a(r; |-ress -ris |-ship -/ip

warily 'wErali, 'werali, 'waerali

j-es -iz |-ed -t

Wampanoag

W-

warfare

and England.

Walthamstow Engd Walton 'waltn waltz waits

ES 'waabatn ES waad; |-ed -id

'warba^tn;

ward;

Wareham 'w£ram,

'wdI-

Engd 'waltam, -iGam; Mass -Gam Waltham ivas at first 'waltjham, Valtam, 'waldjham, then Valtam The h sound was lost long ago, and

Now the

'waabi; |-d -d j-ling -blig.

wardroom 'ward^rum, -^rum; ES 'waad-

Waltham

the letters -th-

W-

ES

-bb; ES -bb(r

wardrobe 'ward^rob; |-es -iz

Walsh wolf, walj, wdIJ [-'s -iz Walsingham 'walsioam, 'wal-,

'wDlOaem,

Warburton ward,

|-er -3^;

'waljpol

walrus 'walras, 'wal-. Vol-

'walta^;

|-red -d

Warbeck 'warbek; ES 'waabek warble 'warbl;

wallop 'wabp, 'wobp |-ed

Walter

wapiti 'wapati, 'wop-

war war; ES waa(r;

-iflau3(r

Walpole

etc. see want Wantage 'wantids, 'wnnwanton 'wantan, 'wnntan |-ness -tannis Wapakoneta ^wapaka'neta, ^wopaWapello wa'pelo, wa-, wd-

wantage 'wantids

Jtain)

|-d

|want to often 'wanta

|-ed -id

'wobVob

Wallenstein 'wabn^stain, 'wnl- {Ger

walleye 'waijai

ES

'won-;

wanness 'wannis, 'wnn-

'walis, 'wdI-, 'wal- |-'s -iz

wallah, -la 'wab, 'wola

WaUer

-d l-Ung 'waegghg, -glig

'wanajineka',

-jmeka(r

Wallachia wa'lekia, wd-

Walla Walla 'wab'wab,

|-d

Wannamaker

wall W3l walled wald

ES -jmeka(r

-da(r; |-ed -d

ful |tooth tuG [further 'fySa^;

'ha:tid,

'warm'hartid;

E + -'ha:tid

warmth warmpG, warmG; ES waamwarn warn; ES waan; |-ed -d warp warp; ES waap;

ES

'fstSa

|-ed -t

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'id^ [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

—

— —

—

—

warpath warpath |-ths

watermark

470

'wDiipaeO;

ES Voa-, E + -jpa6,

-ipa©;

wassail 'wasl, 'wdsI, 'waesl, -el |-ed -d

Wasserman 'wasa^man,

-Sz

warplane Vor^plen;

ES Vaa-

warrant Varant, 'warant, 'wnrant

|-ed -id

warrantee jworan'ti, jWar-, jWor-

warrantor 'waran^tar, 'war-, Vor-; (jwarran'tee

&

'vas-;

ES

-sa-; (Ger

'vasar^man)

ES

-t33(r;

wast 2 sg of was, stressed 'wast, 'wost, ^wast, jWDst; unstr. wast wastage 'westids waste west

jwarran'tor)

-iz

|-s

|-d -id |-ful -fal

|

-fully -fah

warranty Varanti, 'war-, 'wor-

wastebasket 'west;baeskit; E+-jbas-, -jbas-

W- 'warm, 'war-, 'wor-, -an Warrick 'wank, 'wank, 'wnrik see Warwick

wastepaper 'west'pepa^;

warren,

warrior 'waria', 'war-, 'wor-,

-rja^;

ES

-ri-aCr,

ES 'waasa warship 'war^Jip; ES 'waawarsle 'warsl; ES 'wa:sl; |-d Warsaw

ES

watchdog 'wat/jdag, -d

|-ling -slig,

Warton 'wartn; ES 'waatn Warwick US 'warwik; ES 'waawik; 'wank, 'wank, 'wnrik; Engd 'wank, 'wonk 'warik^/ir,

'war-,

less freq.

'wank,

'wor-, -JV;

-jjia(r, -/aCr

warworn 'war-worn, -jwarn; ES 'waa^woan, E+-jwaan wary 'wen, 'wen, 'waeri The pron. with e is

waz;

'waz, ^waz, 'wdz, jWdz; unstr.

jWAz

restressed 'waz,

wash waj", waj, wd/ |-es -iz |-ed -t |-able -abl washboard 'wa/jbord, 'waJ-, 'wdJ-, -jbard;

ES

-jboad,

E + -ibaad

washed-out 'wa/t'aut,

washed-up 'wa/t'Ap,

'wa/t-, 'wojt-

'wa/t-, 'wo/t- ('washed-

ES

-/a(r; |-man,

-men -man |-woman -jwuman [-women see

woman

watchtower

watchword 'wat/jwyd, -/wsd, -jwyd water

'wata^,

wasn't 'waznt, 'wnznt, 'wAznt, before some

'wat/-;

ES

'wat/-;

ES The

-ta(r;

the folloii'ing

ES

'wata-

E+-jbaan waterbuck 'wata^^bAk; ES 'wataWaterbury 'wata-jben, 'wata^ben, -ban; ES jboan,

'wata-; Loss of

^

in the second pron. is due

dissimilation {§121).

watercourse

'wata^jkors,

jkoas, E-h-jkaas;

|-s

-jkars;

ES

'wata-

-iz

ES

'wata^kraeft,

E+

-jkraft, -jkraft

watercress 'wata^jkres;

Water ee

ES

'wata-; |-es -iz

jwata'ri

Waterloo

I

ES 'wataES 'wata-

waterfowl 'wata^jfaul;

water-inch 'wata^'int/

|-es -iz

wateriness 'watannis, 'watri-

waterlog 'wata^Jag, |-ged -d |-gedness jwata^'lu;

waterman,

W-

-jlag,

-jlog;

ES

'wata-;

-idms

ES

jwata-

'wata^man;

ES

'wata-; [-men

-man watermark 'waty^mark; E+-jma:k; |-ed -t

ES

'wata^mark,

bee bi |pity 'piti ( §6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gri baO (§10) [ah a |far far |watch wat/, wot/ (§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

in full §§3-47.

E

ES

'wnta^;

'wata',

-women -jWimin see woman washy 'wa/i, 'wa/i, 'wd/i

Jbath baee;

'wot/-,

same variants 0/ water occur in compounds afid derivatives.

waterfall 'wata^^fal;

Key: See

'wot/-,

'wat/jtaua^,

-jtau-a(r

Washington 'wa/iijtan, 'wa/-, 'wufWashita 'waji^ta, 'wdJ*-, 'wa/washrag 'wa/^raeg, 'wa/-, 'wd/washroom 'waX,rum, 'wa/-, 'wdJ"-, -jtum washstand 'waj^staend, 'wa/-, 'wd/washwoman 'wajjwuman, 'wa/-, 'wn/-

conss. + -zn (it 'wazn gud) wasp wasp, wasp, WDsp

ES

|-men

'wat/-

'wot/-,

watercraft 'wata^^kraeft;

'waja^, 'waja*-, 'woja^;

-jWinun

|-ly -i

'wat/jineka', 'wot/-, 'wat/-;

watchman 'wat/man, -man

to

jup 'look)

washer

'wot/-, 'wat/-, -jdog

watchful 'wat/fal, 'wDt/-, 'wat/-

water-borne 'wata^jbom, -jbarn;

esp. freq. in ike S.

stressed

|-es -iz |-ed -t

-;meka(r

waat; |-ed -id

Warwickshire

-'pepa(r

wastrel 'westral

watchmaker

wart wart;

ES

'westa(r

watchcase 'wat/^kes, 'wot/-, 'wat/-

'warsa;

-sliO

was

ES

watch wat/, wnt/, wat/

-rjaCr

ES

waster 'westa^;

watermelon

ES 'wataES Vota-; |-ed -t 'wota-'pruf; ES 'wDta-;

watermelon Vata'imElan;

waterproof n, v 'wata^jpruf;

waterproof (

adj

'water jproof 'paint)

ES 'watawatershed 'wata^jjed; ES 'wDtawaterside 'wota^^said; ES 'wDtawater-soak 'wata'jsok; ES 'wota-; |-ed -t water-soluble 'wDta^jsaljabl; ES 'wot3,sal-. waterscape 'wDta^jskep;

ES VataES Vata-;

waterspout Vata^jspaut; 'wata^'tait;

('water-

waterway 'wota^jwe; ES 'watawaterwork 'wata^^ws^k; ES 'wata^wsk, 'wata|-s

-s

waterworn 'wata^^wom, -jwam; ES 'watajwoan, E+-jV/aan watery 'watari, 'watri

Watson 'watsn, 'wotsn watt, W- wat, wot |-age -idj ]-ages Watteau wa'to, wn'to {Fr va'to) watt-hour 'wat'aur, 'wot-;

ES

wattmeter 'wat^mita', 'wot-; |-'s

weal wil weald,

W-

E w£a(r, ES waea(r; [wore ES woa(r, E+waa(r; [worn worn, warn; ES woan, E+waan Wear Eng riv. wir; ES wia(r; [-mouth -maG Weare US wer, wasr; E WEa(r, ES waea(r; Dev, Sow, wir; ES wia(r wearisome 'wirisam weary 'win, 'win; S + 'wen;

|-ied -id

'wetJa^;

ES

'w2t5a(r

ES

;

'wEtJa^bitn

'wetJa'ibord, -^bard;

-jkok

Weatherford

'wEtJa^fa-d;

ES

VetJafad

ES

'weda^jglaes;

'wetiayglfles.

E-i-jglas, -jglas

weatherproof

ES

'wEtia^'pruf;

[waxed waekst

weather-wise 'weSa^jwaiz;

ES

'weSa-

weatherworn 'wEtSa^jWom, -^wam;

waxwing 'waeks^wig waxwork 'waeks^wyk; ES -jwsk, -^wyk

W- we

E

-^feraCr,

ES

'weSa-

E+-jWaan weave wiv [wove wov [woven 'wovan or wove wov web web [webbed webd Weber Am name 'weba-, 'wiba-, Ger name jwoan,

waybill 'wcjbil |-ed -d

ES

'veba^;

-jfaera(r

-jfaerig;

VetJa-;

('weather-proof 'top)

|-en -n

wayfaring 'we^fErig,

'wetJa-

weather-bound 'weda^^baund; ES 'wEtlaweathercock 'weSa^jkak; ES 'wE^ajkak,

-va(r; |-ed -d j-ing -vrii).

'wCifaera^;

ES

jboad, E+-ibaad; j-ed -id

-jniita(r

-iz

'waeksiz

-ah

war;

weatherglass

wax waeks |waxes

[-ily

wear wer, waer;

weatherboard

-varirj

wayfarer 'we^fera^,

wild

wealth wele [wealthy 'welGi

weather-beaten 'wEtia^jbitn

Waverly 'weva'h; ES 'wevali

way,

weakling 'wikhg

weather

Waukegan wa'kigan Waukesha 'waki^/a wave wev |-d -d |-y -i Wavell 'wevl waver 'weva^; ES

|-ed -d |-ing 'wikanig, -knig

weak-kneed 'wik'nid ('weak-jkneed 'coward)

weasel 'wizl [-ed -d [-ing 'wizjig, 'wizlig

-idsiz

-tlig, -tliQ

ES

wi

weak wlk weaken 'wikan

weasand 'wiznd

-'aua(r

wattle 'wall, 'wntl \-d -d j-Hng

Watts wats, wots

stressed 'wi, jwl, occas. ^wi in we're jwir;

tmstr. WI,

wor,

-tight 'joint)

jW3"k;

we

wean win [weaned wind weapon 'wepan [-ed -d

-jSdI-

watertight

wed

471

weber

S -jfaerig

ES

-ba(r; {Ger 've:bar)

elec. 'veba^, 'wiba^;

ES

-ba(r

Wayland 'weland

webfoot 'webjfut,

waylay

web-footed 'web'futid ('web-^footed 'bird)

jwe'le |-laid -'led ('wayjlaid 'twice)

-'fut [-feet -^fit, -'fit

Wayne wen

Webster, w- 'wEbsta^;

wayside 'we^said

Websterian WEb'stinan

wayward 'wewa^d; ES Vewad wayworn 'we^worn, -jwarn; ES 'wejWoan, E + -jwaan

webworm 'wEbjWS'ni; ES -jwsm, -^wym wed WEd [wedded 'wEdid [wedded 'wEdid wed wEd

[full

ful jtooth tu8 [further 'fySa^;

ES

'fstJa

ES

'w£bsta(r

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredj [keep

or

tai

'em 'kipm

— we'd we'd

Westbourne

472 abbr.

spelling

we

of

we would,

had,

stressed 'wld, jwid, unstr. wid,

'wel'faundid

well-founded

wid

('well-jfounded

'act)

Weddell 'wEdl, wa'del—c/ Weddle wedding 'wedig

well-groomed 'wel'grumd wellhead 'weljhed

Weddle 'wedl wedge weds |wedges Vedsiz |wedged wedsd

Wellington 'weliijtan •

well-known 'wel'non ('well-jknown

wedge-shaped 'wedsjjept

well-meaning

'fact)

'wel'ininii)

Wedgwood, w- 'weds^wud

well-nigh 'wel'nai ('weU-^nigh 'dead)

wedlock 'wedlak; ES+-jDk

well-read 'wel'red

Wednesday 'wenzdi

well-spoken 'wel'spokan

Monday, Friday

see

wee wi weed wid weeded 'widid weedy Vidi

wellspring 'weljsprig

Weedon

well-to-do 'welta'du ('well-to-jdo 'farmer)

|

well-thought-of 'wel'ODtjav, -jDV, -jAv

|

'widn

week wik [weekday 'wik^de [weekly week end n 'wik'end

'wikli

week-end adj 'wik'end ('week- 'end 'week-^end

week-end

v

Welsh wel/, weltj [-man, -men -man welt welt [welted 'weltid

/party,

Weltanschauung Ger 'veltjan^/au'ug Wlta^; ES 'weha(r; |-ed -d

welter

'trip)

Weems wimz |Weems's

welterweight 'welta'jwet;

'wimziz

ween win weened wind weep wip |wept wept

Weltpohtik Ger

weevil 'wivl |-ed -d

Wembley 'wembli Wemys wimz [-'s -iz wen wen

|

weigelia,

weigh

W- wai'dsib, -'gib W- wai'dsllja, -'gil-,

we

[weighed

Wenceslaus 'wensis^las

-lia

wed

Weimar Ger 'vaimar weir wir; ES wi3(r, S-t-w£3(r; [-ed weird wird; ES wiad, S + wead Welch weUJ, weIJ |-'s -iz

-d

were past of be: stressed 'wy, jwy, of. 'wer. jwy, of. unstr. W3^;

Weldon 'weldan

E

-jfeaCr,

ES

-jfaB3(r

weld will, stressed

'wil.

wa^t;

ES

we

are: stressed 'wir.

-ia(r, -ia(r; unstr.

wir;

ES

wsnt, wynt

ES

'w^^-,

west,

ES

riv. 'veza^;

W-

west

Westbourne

-'fevad

-st, -yt; unstr.

ES

'veza(r; rarely 'wiz-

[-er -3^;

ES

'westbom,

Brit)

-a(r

-barn,

-b3>n;

ES

-boan, -ban, E-^-baan

well-found 'wel'faund in full §§3-47.

ES

^wyt;

Wesley Vesh |-an -an ('wezh is mainly Wessex 'wesiks, 'weseks [-'s -iz

-'du'3(r

well-favored 'wel'feva'd;

'ws^t,

{Ger Ve:zar)

Wellesley 'welzh

E

ES

ES wat

Weser Ger 'wel'baan

well-bred 'wel'bred ('well-jbred 'look) well-doer 'wel'dua^;

'ws',

,waBa(r;

wa(r

werewolf, werw- 'wirjwulf, 'w3^-;

wert stressed

ES

,w3(r,

'waea(r,

'w3-, 'wy-, S-i-'wea-

well-being 'wel'biig

wellborn 'wel'born;

'w3(r,

jwea(r,

wia(r

weren't wynt;

we

Welland 'webnd wellaway 'web'we

[bath baeG;

ES

'wir, jwir, jWir;

ES

,wil; unstr. wil, wil

Key: See

'wea(r,

we're abbr. spelling of

welkin 'welkin well wel [welled

ES

jwer, 'waer, ^waer;

welcome 'welkam jwelcomed 'welkamd weld weld [welded 'weldid

we'll abbr. spelling of

-iz

|-'s

—

Wei-hai-wei 'we'hai'we

-jfaer;

'welta-

wench went/ [-es -iz [-ed -t wend wend \past &" pptc wended 'wendid or went went went is now associated unth go. went past & pptc of wend 6" go went wept past of weep wept

weight wet [weighted 'wetid

welfare 'wel^fer,

ES

'veltpolijtirk

Weltschmerz Ger 'veltj/merts

weft wsft |-ed -id weigela,

[-ing

-tang, -trig

'wik'end |-ed -id

bee bi [pity

baG (§10) [ah a

[far

'piti

(§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg |angr>' 'aeg-gri

far [watch wat/,

wot/

(§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

—

—

—

Westcott In

473 words below pronounced with hw,

the

Westcott, Wescott 'weskat westerly,

western,

WW-

'westa^li;

'westa^n;

ES ES

'wEstak -tan; |-er -a^;

-most -jmost, -mast

-3(r;

ES

occas. 'wEStana^

I

Ham

Vest'haem Westinghouse Vestig;haus

|-'s

ES

-^naaG-

that 'hwiljbaro is occas.

heard from cultivated speakers. wheel-chair 'hwil'tjEr,

'wEstwa'd;

\past cf pptc 'wEtJa^;

ES

ES -wad; |Ho

wet wEt

-'ho

or wetted 'wEtid

'wEtiaCr

Weybridge 'webnds ]-'s -iz Weygand Vegand {Fr ve'ga) Weyman 'waiman Weymouth 'wemaG wh In the vocab. only tlie sound hw is given for the spelling wh, but it is to be understood that in all such cases

with plain w.

many

speakers replace

See §25.

Wheeler

'hwila^;

|

I

|

-s |-ves -vz or

|-'s

In NEngd many pronounce w in wharf who use hw in other words; in Delmarva the exact reverse has been reported. -s -s |-ed -t

waaf

is also

common

in the

wharfinger 'hwarf indsa^ ;

ES

ES

'hwila(r

stressed

'hwat,

ES

jhwat,

ES -'Eva(r ES -'ea(r whenever hwEn'Eva^, hwan-; ES -'£va(r whensoever ^hwEnso'Eva^; ES -'Eva(r where hwEr, hwaer; E hwEa(r, ES hwaea(r whencesoever jhwEns'So'Ev*; whene'er hwEn'Er, hwan-;

whereabouts 'hwEra^baut,

'hwaer-; S 'hwaer-;

-s

jhwaer-;

|-s

adv

^hwEra'baut,

^hwaer-;

S

-s

'hwot,

;hwDt,

ES

-'Ea(r

whatever hwat'Eva^, hwot-, hwat-; ES -'£va(r

ES

E

hwEr^Ea(r,

ES

E

hwEa'faa(r,

ES

hwaeawhere'er hwEr^er, hwaer-; hwaer-

hwaea-/far;

E

'hwsa-

S 'hwaea/foa(r

wherefrom hwEr'fram, hwaer-, -'from; hwEa-, ES hwaeawherein hwEr'in, hwaer-; S hwaer 'in

E

whereinto hwEr'intu, hwaer-, -tu, /hwErin'tu, hwaer-; S hwaer 'in-, jhwaerin'tu

'hwot-

ful |tooth tuG [further 'fySa^;

E

hwEa-,

whereby hwEr'bai, hwaer-;

/foa(r, 'hwaea-, -/faair;

'hwAt, /hwAt; unstr. hwat, wat

Whatmough 'hwatmo,

I

when hwEn |-as hwsn'aez whence hwEns

wherefore 'hwEr^for, 'hwaer-, -aav

whate'er hwat'sr, hwot-, hwat-;

[wheezed

whelm hwElm |whelmed hwelmd whelp hwElp whelped hwElpt

wherefor hwsr'far, hwaer-;

S.

'hwaafmd3a(r

Wharton 'hwartn; ES 'hwaatn wharve, wa- hwarv, warv;

ES

whereas hwEt'aez, hwaer- ; S hwaerwhereat hwEr'set, hwaer-; S hwaer-

-jbot -bone -jbon

whang hwaeg whanged hwaegd hwaaf;

-'tjEad,

hwiz jwheezes 'whiziz hwizd whelk hwElk |whelked hwElkt

whereabout

|

whale hwel whaled hweld |-back -jbaak [-boat

ES

E

wheelhouse 'hwiljhaus |-houses -jhauziz

|-s

whack hwaek whacked hwaekt

wharf hwarf;

-'t/aer;

-'tJaeaCr

wheelman 'hwilman [-men -man

we've abbr. spelling of we have, stressed 'wiv, iVfiv; unstr. wiv, wiv

|full

show

wheelwright 'hwil^rait

W-

The L.A. and

'hwiljbasro, -ra

other evidence

wheeze

wether

what

wheelbarrow

-va-; |-n -n

wet WEt

hw

-d |-hng 'hwidhg, -dlig

wheelless 'hwilhs

-n

-Ija |-n

|-d

Virginia 'wEstva^'dsinja, less freq. -nia;

westward,

w

|

west-southwest 'wEst^sauO'wEst

ES

with plain

wheel hwil wheeled hwild

-jhausiz

west-northwest 'wEstjnarG'wEst;

West

hw

speakers replace

whatnot 'hwat^nat, 'hwot-; ES + -jnDt whatsoever ^hwatso'Eva^, jhwot-; ES -'Eva(r wheat hwit [wheaten 'hwitn wheatear 'hwitjir; ES -jia(r, S+-j£a(r wheedle hwidl

Westminster Vestjininsta^, -'nun-; ES -sta(r Westmoreland Pa WEst'morland, -'mar-; ES -'moa-, E+-'maa-; Va 'westma^land; ES -maWestmorland Engd, Can 'wEstma^land; ES -maWestphalia wEst'felia,

many

Wheatstone 'hwitstan, -jston

by r-dissiniilation {§121)

West

whereinto

ES

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij" [vision 'vi3an [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

— white-livered

474

whereof In

words below pronounced with hw,

the

many

speakers replace

hw

with plain

whereof hwer'av, hwaer-, -'dv; S hwaer-

whinner 'hwina^; ES 'hwina(r

whereon hwer'an, hwaer-,

whinny 'hwini whinnied 'hwinid whip hwip whipped iiwipt whipcord 'hwip^kard; ES -^kaad

-'on is esp. freq. in the

-'on, -'an; S hwjer-;

S and W.

'£3(r,

ES

^hwEaso-

whiplash 'hwipjlaej

jhwaea-

E jhwEaso-

wheresoever jhwerso'Eva^, ^hwaer-; 'EV3(r,

ES

hwer'tu,

E hwea-, ES

E

hwaer-;

hwaea-; ('Whereito 'tends

whippet 'hwipit

ES

'AndaCr,

ES

hwea-,

acct +

E

hwer-

|-ed -id

^hwerAn-

-tu,

jhwaer-; S hwaer'An-, jhwaerAn'tu

whereupon jhwera'ptui, S jhwaer-

^hwaer-, -'pnn, -'pan;

E hwer'EvaCr, ES

hwaer-

wherewith hwer'wiO, hwaer-,

E

-'wi'S;

hwta-,

ES

hwaea-; hwer'wiO has the regular voice-

less

6 of the stressed syllable, while hwEr'wi'S

Similarly

unstressed witJ.

whipstitch 'hwipjStit/ |-ed

whish hwij |whishes 'hwijiz [whished hwijt whisht intj hwift

'hwea-,

whiskers 'hwiska^z;

^hwaer-;

jhwErwitJ'Dl,

E

whisper 'hwispa^; -prig,

ES

whew hwiu, hwju,

whit hwit

xju, xiu,

etc.

|-face -^fes |-faced

'hwispa(r; |-ed -d j-ing

whistle 'hwisl |-d -d |-ling 'hwishg, -slig whistler,

Whitby

'hjual, 'hiual

whey hwe |wheyed hwed

'hwiskaz

-pang

whist hwist j-ed -id

'i>iu,

ES

|-ed -d

wherry 'hweri |wherried 'hwerid whet hw8t Iwhetted 'hwetid |-stone -^ston whether 'hwe'Sa^; ES 'hweSaCr

white,

W-

'hwisla^;

ES

|-ever hwit/'eva^;

whichsoever ^hwit/so'eva';

ES

ES

-'£va(r

hwait

|-d -id

ES

white-collar 'hwait'kala^;

I

whiffle 'hwifl |-d -d j-hng 'hwiflig, -fliQ

IVVhigged hwigd

while hwail

|-d

Whitefield Method, preacher 'hwit^fild, 'hwait-

-z |-lom

-am

|-st -st

-d |-sey, -sy -zi

whimper 'hwimpa^; ES

-pa(r;

|-ed

whitefish 'hwait^fij

-d |-ing

Whitehall

|-ly -i,

See in full §§3-47.

E

'hwait'hal

ES

-,fraiaz

('White.hall

'Palace),

surname 'hwait^hal -ikh

whin hwin whine hwain |whined hwaind

|bath baeO;

j-es -iz

Whitefriars 'hwait^frairz;

-pang, -prig whimsical 'hwimzikl

-'kala(r, -'knl-;

white-faced 'hwait'fest ('white-jfaced 'cow)

Whig hwig

whim hwim |-med

ES

('white-'coUar ,man, 'white-,collar 'job)

whiffletree 'hwifljtri, -tri

|-s

-jbiad

whitecap 'hwaitjkaep [-capped -^kaept

Whitechapel 'hwaitjt/aepl

-'EV3(r

whiff hwif whiffed hwift

-d

-la(r

'hwitbi

W-

whitebeard 'hwaitjbird;

-jfest

which hwitj

[-ring

ES 'hwsrig, 'hwywhirl hw3^I; ES hwal, hwyl; |-ed -d whirligig 'hw^h^gig; ES 'hwal-, 'hwylwhirlpool 'hwyljpul; ES 'hwsl-, 'hwylwhirlwind 'hws^ljWmd; ES 'hwsl-, 'hwyl-

jhwaea-

^ju,

-t

whipstock 'hwipjstak, -^stnk whir hwy; ES hw3(r, hwy; |-red -d

whiskey 'hwiski adv

ES

-^sad

|

E

'hwaea-

jhwE3-,

whipsaw 'hwipjsa |-sawed

whisk hwisk whisked hwiskt

herewith, therewith,

wherewithal n 'hwerwiSpl, 'hwaer- ;

wherewithal

^hwipa'wil

'hwyig;

wherever hwer'sva^, hwaer-;

older

ES

jhwipa^'wil;

'whippoor jwill

whipsocket 'hwip^sakit; ES+-;SDkit

hwaer-

whereunto hwer'Antu, hwaer-,

imitates

whippoorwill

all^this?)

whereunder hwsr'Anda', hwaer-;

Key:

'hwipa-

whippletree 'hwipl^tri, -tn

whereto

Whewell

ES

jsnaepa(r

hwaea-

ES

j-es -iz |-ed -t

whippersnapper 'hwipa^^snaepa^;

jhwaea-

wheretlirough hwEr'Gru, hwaer-;

'tu,

|

I

E

wheresoe'er jhwerso'er, jhwasr-;

w

.

white-hot 'hwait'hat; ES-h-'hot white-livered 'hwait'hva^d;

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

white-headed 'hwait'hedid

|far far

'piti (§6)

ES

-'hvad

|rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg jangrj' 'aeg-gri

|watch wat/, wot/ (§12) |jaw dsa |gorge gards |go go

— whiten In

wight

475 the

words below pronounced with hw, ma?iy speakers replace

whiten 'hwaitn

|-ed -d j-ing 'hwaitnig, -tnirj

whitesmith 'hwait^snuO

hw

-iz

|-es

ES

whoreson 'horsn, 'harsn;

^

whither 'hwiSa^;

ES

E+

'hoasn,

ES

jhwi'Saso-

'ev3(r

ES

whitherward 'hwi'Sa'wa^d;

'hwi'53wad

whose huz, unstressed whoso 'huso

occas.

whosoever ^huso'Eva^;

ES

why

whiting, VV- 'hwaitig

whitlow 'hwitlo

hwai;

interrog

expletive wai,

Whitman 'hwitman Whitmonday 'hwit'mAndi

Wichita

intj

huz

-'ev3(r

hwai, wai; unstressed

hwai

'wit/a^ta

wick wik wicked 'having wick{sy wikt wicked 'eviV 'wikid wicker 'wika^;

ES

wickerwork

'\\ik3'^w3"k;

'wik3(r; |-ed -d

ES

'wika^wak,

'wik3jW3^k

wicket 'wikit |wicketed 'wikitid

Wickham 'wikam

'hwiti'3(r

Whittington 'hwitigtan

wickiup, wik- 'wiki^Ap

whittle 'hwitl |-d -d |-hng 'hwitlig, -tlig

Wiclif,

hwiz Iwhizzes 'hwiziz |whizzed

Wy-, Wickliffe, wicopy 'wikapi

Wy-

'wiklrf

Widdicombe 'widikam

hwizd

who interrog hu who rel partly stressed jhu, unstr. hu whoa hwo, wo, ho; unstressed hu: whoe'er hu'er, hu'er; ES -'£3(r whoever hu'eva^, hu'eva^; ES -'8V9(r whole hoi, hul; NEngd+MiX {§46) wholehearted ^hol'hartid;

ES

wide waid

|-n

-n |-ned -nd |-ning -nig, -nig

wide-angle adj 'waid'aeggl ('\yide-jangle

widespread 'waid'spred widgeon, wig- 'widsan

-'ha:tid,

E+

widow

'wido, -3 |-ed -d

widower 'widawa^; ES 'widawacr;

whole-or-none 'hola^'nAn;

ES

wholesale 'hoI,sel

width wide, wite

wield wild [melded 'wildid

whole-souled 'horsold ('whole- jsouled 'friend) 'holh;

if eniph.

|-ered -d

widowhood 'wido^hud, 'wida-

'hola'nAn

wholesome 'holsam wholly 'hoh, esp.

'lens)

wide-awake 'waida'wek wide-open 'waid'opan, -'opm

-'ha:tid

NEngd+

|-ths -Gs

Wienerwurst 'wina^jwyst, 'wini-;

ES

'wina-

jW3st, 'wini-, -jwyst

wife waif [wife's waifs, waivz {in Shak. wives

'hbh unstressed occas.

whoop hup, hwup |-ed -t whoopee n 'hwupi, 'hwupi,

hum

waivz)

\pl

wives waivz

waivz for wife's 'hu-, 'hu-; intj-\-

'whoo'pee

The pronunciation

is not the plural, hut

tlte

older possessive singular.

wifely 'waifh

whooping-cough 'hupig^kaf, 'hupig-, -jknf whop hwap, hwop |-per -a^; ES -9(r

wig wig Iwigged wigd

whore hor, har; ES ho3(r, E+h33(r; |-dom

wiggle 'wigl

-dam whoremaster

'hwatl-,

I

Whitmore ^hwitmor, -mar; ES -mo3(r, E + -m33(r Whitney 'hwitni Whitsun 'hwitsn j-tide -^taid Whitsunday 'hwit'sAndi, 'hwitsn^de

whom hum,

ES

'hwytl-

'hwitJaCr

ES

hwsl, hws^l

whortleberry 'hwytljberi, -ban;

whithersoever ^hwitJa'so'Eva';

Whittier 'hwiti»;

ES

whorl hwyl;

'h wait wig whitewood 'hwaitiWud

whi tewing

Wigan 'wigan |-d

wiggler 'wigla'; 'hor^maesta',

'hor-;

ES

jmasst3(r, E-f-'haa-, -^mas-, -^mas|full

'hoa-

'hoasn

l-ed -t

-zz

ES

'hor-;

jmAgg3(r, E-)-'h39-

|-ths -6s

whitewash ^hwaitjwaf, -jWaf, -jwof

whiz,

w

with plain

whoremonger 'hor^mAgga',

ful [tooth tu8 [further 'fytSa';

ES

'hoa-

-d

ES

|-ling

'wighg, 'wiglig

'wigb(r

wiggly 'wigh, 'wigli wight,

W-

wait

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toj^ toi

'em 'kipm

Wigton Wigton Vigtan Wigtown Vigtan, -jtaun

willy-nilly Vili'mli

]

Wigtownshire Vigitaun^Jir,

ES

-Ja^;

-;Xi3(r,

wigwag Vigjwaeg [wigwagged Vigjwaegd

wigwam Vigwam, -wom, -worn Wilberforce

'wilba^^fors,

-^fars;

ES

'wilba-

E + -jfo3S 'wil-

bnam wild,

-IZ

It

aux

V stressed

ES

jwilt; unstr. wait, alt.

Wilton 'wiltn

Vilb3(r

Wilts short for Wiltshire vnlts

waild

wildcat 'waildjkaet, Vailjkaet |-ed -id

Wiltshire Vilt-Jir,

wildebeest Vildg^bist

wily Vaili

W-

wilder,

Wit,

(tJault si)

wilt V wilt Iwilted 'wiltid

'wilba^;

W-

|-'s

Wilson 'wilsn wilt

Wilbraham Mass Vilbra^haem, Engd Wilbur

Willys Vilis

Wilmcote 'wigkat, 'wimkat Wilmington 'wilmigtan Wilno 'vilna = ViIna

-/3(r

jfoas,

winding

476

ES 'waild3(r ES 'wildaCr; |-ed

wimble 'wirabl

Vailda^;

wilder v 'wilda^;

-d |-ing

'wildarig, -drig

wildfire,

ES Vildanis; W- 'waild^fair; ES -jfai3(r

wilding,

W-

wilderness 'wilda^nis;

|-es -iz

|-d

-/a-;

ES

-Jia(r, -Jafr

-d |-hng 'wimblig, -blig

Wimbledon Vimbldan Wimborne Vimborn, -bam, 'wimboan, -ban, E + -baan wimple 'wimpl

|-d

-d

|-ling

ES

-ba^n;

'wimplig, -plig

wile wail wiled waild

Wimpole 'wimpol win win |won WAn Winant Vainant

Wilfred 'wilfrid, -frad

wince wins winces 'winsiz [winced winst

Wilhelmina jWilhEl'mina

winch

Vaildig

wildwood 'waildjwud |

Wilkes wilks

|

ES

Wilkinsburg Hvilkinz^bs-g;

Winchester

-jbsg, -jbs'g

Wilkinson 'wilkinsn will

aux

\villed

wild

V stressed 'wil, jWil; unstr.

some

after

conss.

winches

Hvintjiz

wal

I'll

al,

('n£dl go), after vowels

1

\,

'win^tjesta',

Wnt/ista^;

or rarely

Willamette wi'Iaemit

ES

see

winded 'waindid, 'windid waind [wound waund

William 'wiljam

|-s

'e^ffect

-z |-s's -ziz |-son -sn

wind-borne

ES

-/boan,

Williamsburg Viljamzjbyg;

-jbag, -ibyg

'wind^born,

'win-,

windbreak 'wind^brek, 'win-

willing 'wilig

winder 'wainda', 'winda^,

'

Wilis

|-'s

wind;

-iz

ViUis

windfall,

Willoughby 'wilabi

W-

'wilo,

Vila

willowware ^wilojwer,

ES

|-y

-jbarn;

ES

ace.

to

—

sense

see

-da(r

W-

'winda^jinir;

ES

'winda^miaCr

'wind^fal, 'win-

Windham 'windam,

Vilawi

-la-, -^waer;

E

-jWEa(r,

loc.

EC

in FZ + 'windhaeni,

'windaem winding 'waindig, '>vindig,

-jwaea(r

W-

Key:

See in full §§3-47.

bee bi [pity

ba6 (§10) [ah a

aa:,.

to

sense

—

sec

wind

'will Iwillied 'wilid

E

-an

-jflau-a(r, -/flaua(r

willy,

|bath bae6;

[-gery

windfiower 'wind^flaua', 'wm-, -jflaur;

will-o'-the-wisp jWilatSa'wisp

willow,

ES

Windermere

Willkie 'wilki will-less

—

E + -ibaan

Willimantic jWila'raantik

Willis

sense

of air' 'windids

windbag 'wind^baeg, 'win- j-ged -d wind-blown 'windjblon, 'win-

willful, wilf- 'wilfal |-ly -i

to

wind

windage

Hvilad

Willesden 'wilzdan

-ta(r

V 'twist'

windable 'waindabl, 'wind-, accord,

Willa 'wila

ES

wind n wind, older and poet, waind wind Ho exhaust' wind [winded Svindid wind 'blow horn' waind, wind [wound waund

wind

al (wil go, 'Seal go)

Willard 'wilsrd;

[winched

Winchelsea Wnt/alsi

Wilkes-Barre Vilksjbaeri

will trans v wil

]

wmt/t

-iz

|-'s

wintj

[far

'piti

(§6) [rate ret [yet J£t [sang saeg [angn*' 'jeg-gri

far [watch wat/,

wotj

(§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

windjammer windjammer

477 'wmd^dsaema^,

ES

'win-;

witchcraft wintry 'wintn, 'wintari

wipe waip wiped waipt

-jd5aem3(r

|

windlass 'windbs windlasses 'windlasiz

wirable 'wairabl

|

ES

windmill 'win^mil, 'wind-

wire wair;

window 'windo, -da |-ed -d |-ing 'windawig windowpane 'wmdo^pen, -da-

wiredancer 'wair jdaensa^ ;

windpipe 'windjpaip, 'win-

wiredraw 'wair^dra;

windrow

ES

'waiajdaensa(r.

E+-jdans-, -^dans-

ES

.'waia-; |-drew -jdru,

-jdnu -drawn -jdran

'win^ro, 'wind^ro

1

wind-shaken 'windy/ekan, 'wm-

ES

Windsor 'winza^; ES 'winza(r windstorm 'wind^starm, 'win-;

-jStaam

ES

'waiajheaCr,

-/haea(r

wire-haired 'wair'herd, -'haerd;

ES

-'haead;

E

'waia'head.

'pup,

('wire-chaired

a

'wire-

haired one)

wind-swept 'wind-swept, 'win-

wind tight 'wind'tait, 'win- ('wind^tight 'wall) windup 'waindjAp windward, W- 'windward; ES 'windwad windy 'windi, 'waindi, ace. to sense see wind wine wain wined waind

—

|

ES

E

wirehair w 'wair^her, -jhasr;

windshield 'windjild, 'win-

winebibber 'wam^biba^;

waia(r; |-ed -d

-jbiba(r

wineglass 'wam^glaes; E+-igIas, -jglas;

|-ful

wireless 'wairbs;

ES

'waialis; |-es -iz |-ed -t

ES 'waiaES 'waia^spAn wirework 'wair^wyk; ES 'waia^wak, -^wyk wireworm 'wair^ws^m; ES 'waia^wsm, 'waiajwym wirepulling 'wair^pukg;

wirespun 'wair^spAn;

wiring 'wairig wirra 'wira

-,ful

ES

winegrower 'wain^gros';

wiry 'wain

-jgro-aCr

winery 'wainari

wis V erron.from iwis adv wis

Winesap 'wain^saep

wis V erron. pres of wit v wis

|-ses -iz [-sed -t

wineskin 'wain^skin

Wisconsin wis'kansn; ES+-'kDn-

Winfred 'winfrid, -frad

wisdom 'wizdam

wing wig winged wirjd winged adj wiijd, 'wigid

wise n, adj waiz

|

wise V waiz

\adv -ly -idh

wing-footed 'wig'futid ('wing-/ooted 'Time)

wingspread 'wig^spred wing- weary 'wig^wiri, wingy 'wigi

wiseacre

|-s

-iz |-d -d

'waizjcka*-,

'waizaka^;

ES

-jeka(r.

-aka(r -jwiri;

S+-jWEri

wisecrack 'waiz^krask |-ed

-t

Winifred 'winafrid, -frad

wish wif [wishes 'wi/iz [wished wift |-edly -idb

wink wigk winked wiijkt

wishbone 'wifjbon

|

winkle,

W-

'wigkl

|-d

-d [-Hng 'wigklig, -klig

Winnebago ^wina'bego Winnepesaukee ^winapa'saki Winnipeg 'wina,p£g winnow 'wino, -a |-ed -d |-ing 'winawig winsome 'winsam Winsted 'winsted, -stid winter,

W-

'winta^;

ES

'winta(r; |-ed -d |-ing

'wintang, 'wintrig

Winterbourne

ES

'wintajboan, -jbuan,

-jbarn,

-^bum;

E + -ib3an

ES

n

b' past of v wit wist

wistaria, wisteria,

W- wis'teria, W- wis'tiria

-'teria

wistful 'wistfal |-ly -i

ES 'winta-; |-ed 'winta'jtaid; ES 'winta-

[tooth tuG [further 'fySa^;

\past &" pptc wist

wot wat, wnt

wist \pres ptc witting

'witig

-d

n wit

witan

hist,

ii

pi

Wtan

witch witj Iwitches 'wit/iz [witched witjt

Winthrop 'winOrap [full fi/1

wisp wisp |wisped wispt wist

wit

'winta-

winterkill 'winta^jkil;

wintertide

|-ly -i

wish-wash 'wi/jwa/, -jwa/, -iWof wishy-washy 'wiji^wa/i, -jwafi, -jWdJi

wit arch, v: inf wit \pres sg, pi

'winta^jborn,

wintergreen 'winta^jgrin;

wishful 'wiffal

witchcraft 'witjjkraeft; E-i--,kraft, -^kraft

ES

'fstJa

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how hau [toy

tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

— witchery

wont

478

Woburn Mass Voba^n, Vuba^n; ES

witchery ^witjan

London

Beds 'wuWodehouse 'wud^haus, -das

witching 'wit/ig

witenagemot, with prep

-te hist,

wi'S,

n 'witanaga^mot

— The

wi6

choice between witJ

and wiG may depend partly on phonetic conbut there is no consistent general

ditions,

wiO

practice.

is clearly

not substandard.

with 'binder^ wi6, witi = withe

withs

\pl

-ban;

'wo-,

|-'s

-iz

Woden, -an 'wodn woe wo |-ful -fal [-fully -fall woebegone 'wobi^gan, -jgon woke wok [woken 'wokan; \NEngd+yf'6'k

-6s,

{§46)

Woking 'wokig

-3z withal adv, prep wi'Sbl, wiObI

Wolcot(t) 'wulkat

Witham Essex 'witam {OE wit-ham); riv. VitJain {OE wiSma) surnames Vi?5-, 'wiO-

wold wold wolf wulf [wolf's wulfs, -vz [wolves wolvz Wolfe wulf [WoKe's wulfs wolfhound 'wulfjhaund

;

withdraw 1

witJ'dra, wiO- |-drew -'dru, -'driu

-drawn -'dr3n

withdrawal wiS'drDal, wiO-,

wolfish 'wulfij, 'wulvij

-'drol

W-

withdrew witJ'dru, wiO-, -'driu

wolfram,

withe

wiG, witi [withes waitiz.

wolframite 'wulfraoijait

ViS3(r;

Wollstonecraft

'bi}zder' waitS,

Wollaston 'wulastn

wiBs, witiz

wither

ES

'wiSa^;

-d

|-ed

|-ing

'wiSriij, 'wiSarig

withers,

W-

'wiSa^z;

ES

'wi'Saz;

|-'s

&

Wolseley 'wulzh

-iz

pptc -held

-'h2ld \arch. pptc -holden -'holdan

Wolsey 'wulzi wolverine, -ene jwulva'rin

wolves wulvz

within witi'm, wiO'in

withindoors

wiG-,

wi'S'iiijdorz,

-jdorz;

ES

woman 'wuman, 'wuman [women

— The

E + -jd33Z

without wi'S'aut, wiO-

ES

E + -jd33z

withstand wiB'staend, witS- |-stood -^stud

withy

ViOi

'witii,

witless 'witlis [witling 'witlig

witness Vitnis

|-es -iz |-ed -t

Wittenberg 'witn^byg;

ES -^3g,

-jbyg; (Ger

Vitan^bErk) witticism 'witajSizam witting Nvitig

witty 'witi [wittily 'with,

wyv-

'waiva'n;

wizen

'wizn

ES

'wizad; [-ry

[wizened

of

Viznd

See in full §§3^7.

[bath baeO;

E

are re-

[-ing -drig,

W-

ES 'wAndaES 'wAndawonder-struck 'wAnda^^strAk; ES 'wAndawonderwork 'wAnda^jW3^k; ES 'wAndajWsk, 'wAnda^Jaend;

wonder-stricken 'wAnda^^strikan;

-ri

[-ing

-znig.

woe wo

wobble 'wabi, Vobl |-d -d l-ly -bli, -bh wobegone 'wobi^gan, -igtm

Key:

'wimin, -an

'wAman

-ful -fal [-fully -fall, -fli

wonderland,

ES Vaivan

-znig

wo intj or var. woad wod

&"

women 'wimin, -an [-folk -jfok won past &= pptc of win wau won Korean coin wan, Avnn wonder 'wAnda*; ES -da(r; [-ed -d -dang

wives, wives' waivz

wizard 'wizard;

'woman

womanhood 'wumanjhud, 'wumanwomankind 'wuman'kamd, 'wum-, -jkaind womanlike 'wumanjaik, 'wum- [-manly -manh womb wum [wombed wumd wombat 'wambaet, 'wombaet

Whli

wive waiv [wived waivd wivern,

prons.

ported- as occas., esp. in the S.

withoutdoors wiS'autjdorz, wi0-, -jdorz; -jdoaz,

E+-ikraft,

'wulstan^kraeft;

-,kraft

withhold wiO'hold, witS- \past

-,d03Z,

'wulfram {Ger 'valfram)

[-ling -blig, -blig

-iWyk wondrous 'wAndras wont 'custom,' 'accustomed' WAnt, wont, less To many freq. want, want, wont [-ed -id wont is not vernacular, &" hence is subject to spelling pron., &' perhaps to the infl-uence of

won't.

bee bi [pity

bad (§10) [ah a

[far

'piti (§6)

[rate ret [yet jet [sahg saeg [angr\' 'aeg-gri

far [watch wat/,

wntj

(§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gardj [go go

worth

479

won't won't wont, wAnt, much

woo wu wooed wud wood wud |-bin -jbin

wunt

less freq.

I

-ttfxk |-cock -jkak;

|-bine -^bain |-chuck

ES+-jkDk

Woodbury Vudjb£ri, -ban woodcraft 'wudjkraeft; E+-jkraft, -jkraft

woodcut 'wudjkAt wooden Vudn |-head -jh£d |-ness 'wudnnis woodenheaded Vudn^hedid (Vooden^headed 'boy)

woodenware 'wudnjwer,

-jwaer;

E -iweacr, ES

Wordsworth Vydzwa^O; ES 'wsdzwaG, 'wydzwaG Wordsworthian wydz'wyOian, -tfian, -jan; ES wadz'ws-, wydz'wywore wor, war; ES woa(r, E+waa(r work wyk; ES wsk, wyk; j-ed -t or wrought rat

workaday Vyka^de; ES 'wak-, 'wykworkbag Vs^k^baeg; ES 'wak-, 'wykworkbench Vyk^bentJ; ES 'wsk-, Vyk-; I-es -IZ

workday 'wyk^de; ES Vsk-, Vyk-

-jwae3(r

woodland n Vudjaend, -land; adj Vudland woodlander Vudland*; ES -landaCr

W- 'wudman

woodman,

workhouse

ES

'wyk^haus;

Vs^k-;

'wsk-,

|-ses -ziz

-man

workingman Vykig^maen; ES 'wsk-, 'wyk-;

-ipekaCr

workman 'wykman; ES 'wsk-, 'wyk-; |-men -man -manlike -man^laik |-manship -man-

|-men

|-men -^men

wood-note 'wud^not

woodpecker 'wudjp8k3^; Woodrow 'wudro

ES

|

Woodruff 'wudraf, Vudruf

woodsman Vudzman |-men -man Woodstock 'wudjstak; ES+-jStDk woodsy 'wudzi woodward 'forester' 'wud^ward, -wa'd; ES -jwaad, -wad woodward adv Vudwa-d; ES Vudwad; |-s -z Woodward Vudwa^d, 'wuda'd; ES 'wudwad, 'wudad wood-wind 'wudjWind woodwork 'wud^wyk; ES 'wudjwak, -jwyk; |-er -3^;

ES

-a(r

woody 'wudi wooer 'wua';

ES

woolfell 'wulifel

woolgathering Vuligae'Srig,

ES

W- 'wuljsaek W- Vulzi

ES

The first

ES

'wusta(r;

Worcester

|

-iz

ES

wsld, wyld; l-hng -hi)

ES 'wsld-, 'wy IdES 'wsld-, 'wyld-

worldly-wise 'wyldli'waiz;

world-wide 'ws^ld'waid;

worm W3"m; ES wsm, wym worm-eaten 'wymjitn; ES 'wsm-, Vs^mwormhole 'wym^hol; ES 'wsm-, 'ws^m-;

Worms wymz; ES wsmz, wymz; {Ger varms) wormseed 'wym^sid; ES 'wsm-, 'ws^mwormwood 'wym^wud; ES 'wsm-, 'ws^mworn worn, warn; ES woan, E+woan; |-ness 'worn'aut,

'warn-;

ES

'woan-,

('worn- put 'shoes)

worst wyst;

'usta'

ivas lost by the 16c.

|-ed -id

-ibuk ful |tooth tu0 [further 'fs'Sa^;

|-ening -nig, -nig

worship 'wy/ap;

-shire -//ir,

+ ^vst3{r,

word wyd; ES wsd, w^d;

]full

world wyld;

worry 'wyi; ES 'wsri, 'wAri, 'wyi; |-ied -d worse WTs; ES wss, w^s; |-en -n j-ened -nd

-;Xia(r, -Ja(r; loc.

r in

'wsk-,

-women -jWimin, -an

E + 'waan-;

Woolwich Engd 'wulids, Vuhtf j-'s Wooster Vusta^; ES 'wusta(r Wootton, Wooton, Wotton 'wutn -JV;

I

worn-out

woolsack,

Worcester Vusta^;

'w3"k-;

-lUS

-jgas'Sarii)

-;gro'a(r

woolpack 'wuljpaek woolsey,

workwoman 'ws^k^wuman, -jwum-; ES

l-d-d

'wu-aCr

woof n wuf; intj Vuf wool wul Iwoolen Vulin, -an [woolly Vuli Woolf wuif

woolgrower 'wul,gro3';

workout 'wykjaut; ES 'wsk-, 'wykworkpeople 'wyk^pipl; ES 'wsk-, 'w^kworkshop 'wykyj"ap; ES 'wsk-, 'wyk-, -/Xop worktable 'wykjtebl; ES 'wsk-, 'wyk-

ES

|-book

ES

ES

'wsjap, 'wy/-; |-ped

-t

wsst, ws^st; j-ed -id

Worstead 'wustid worsted

yarn

'wusfid

ES Vss-, 'wysES wst, ws^t worth wy6; ES ws6, ws^O; |-thy -tJi

worsted

''beaten' 'ws'stid;

wort ws't;

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish di/ [vision 'visan [Eden

'id](i

hau

[cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

—

——

worth-while worth-while VyO'hwail;

wot pres

of v wit wat,

ES V38-,

stressed Hvud,

Vs^O-

W- rait

wright,

wot

wring rig [wrung rAg

Wotton 'wutn. Vat-, Vot-, would

xanthous

480

cf

Wootton

wrinkle 'ngkl

jwud; unstr. wad, ad, d

wouldest 'wudist

wrinkly

wouldn't Vudnt, before some com^^. + Vudn

Wriothesley

('wudn du)

'wudant

pron.

Tlie

Votsh, cf Wrottesley

'ratsli,

wristlet 'nstbt, 'risbt

wristlock Vistjak;

wadst, sdst, dst

wound 'hurt' wund, less freq. waund wound past of wind waund wove wov [woven 'wovan

writ

j-ed -id

ES+'Jok

rit

write rait [wrote rot, arch, writ Vitn, arch, writ

wow wau

rit,

nt

[written

wrote rot

write-up Vait,Ap

wrack raek wracked |

wraith reO

writhe raiS [writhed rai'5d

raekt

written pptc of write 'ritn

|-ths -6s

VVrangel Russia

[-d

wrangler

wrangles'

'wlio

-d |-ling

wrong

Alas Vaeggl

'raeijgl ]-ell

wrangle 'raeggl

'raeijglii),

'raeggla^,

-gja^;

rag, rug; S-i-rag;

ES

[-doer -'dua-;

ES

acd + 'wrong'doer, 'wrong,doer

-'dua(r;

-glig

wrongheaded 'rag'hedid,

'rog-, S

4-

'rag-

wrote rot

-a(r

wrangler 'honors man'

'raeggls';

ES

wrastle 'raesl |-d -d [-ling Vaeslig, 'raesl is not

wroth

'raeggbcr

wrought

a mispronunciation 0/ wrestle, hut

v

Wulfila 'wulfxla = Ulfilas

[wreaths riSz, -6s [-ed

ritJ j-s

VVreay Engd re,

wreck rek

W-

WuKstan

-t

-z [-d -d loc.

ES

'wstam^bsg,

Wuthering 'wA'Sarig Wyandot, -tte 'waian^dat; ES+-,diot

ren [-ed -t

Wyatt

'waiat

Wycherley

wrest rest [wrested 'restid wrestle Vesl [-d -d [-ling Veslig, 'reslig

'witja^h;

ES

'witjab

WicKf 'wikbf Wycombe 'wikam wye, W- wai Wykeham 'wikam Wycliffe,

cf

wrastle 'retjiz

wretched Vet/id

Wyoming

wriggle Vigl [-d -d [-ling 'righg, 'riglig

ES

'w3btsa(r, 'wy-

'wytanijba^g; {Ger 'vyrtam,b£rk)

[-ed -t [-age -ids [-ages -itisiz

'rigla^;

ES

Wiirtemberg 'wytam,byg;

wrench rentj [wrenches Vent/iz VVrentham ^EnOam, VentGam

wriggler

'wulfstan, -staen, -stan

Wurlitzer 'wyhtsa^;

na

wretch retj [wretches

-'ai-an

wrung rAg wry rai [-neck Vai^nek

rik [wreaked rikt

wreathe

ES

wrought-up Vat^Ap ('wrought-jup 'temper)

{Brit rae, roe)

ri6

rat

wrought-iron adj Vat'aia^n;

Chauc, Shak., 1611 Bible, and still current. wrath ricG; E+ra6, raO; |-ful -fal [-fully -fab

wreath n

rnO

ra6,

Wrottesley 'ratsh, 'mtsli

'raesliij

represents the original form wrsistle, found in

wren,

'rigkli

wristband 'ristjbaend, 'nzband

siandai'd.

wouldst, -d'st stressed Hvudst, ^wudst; imstr.

wreak

-d [-ling 'ngkhg, -klig

wrist rist jwristed 'ristid

sub-

is

[-d

wrinkleless 'rigkllis

wyvern

'rigla(r

-clif,

[-ite -^ait

wai'omig, Vaiamig

'waiva^n;

ES

'waivan

X X, X

letter

Xanadu

Key:

eks

\pl

X's, Xs, pass X's 'eksiz

See in full §§3—17.

[bath bae6;

E

Xanthippe,

-ti- zaen'tipi

xanthous 'zaenGas

'zaena.du

bee bi [pity

ba6 (§10) [ah a

[far

'piti

(§6) [rate ret [yet jet [sang saeg [angry 'aeg-gri

far [watch watj, wotj" (§12) [jaw d^o [gorge gards [go go

481

Xavier Xavier

'zaevia', 'zev-, -ja^;

ES

yeast

Xenia Ohio

'zyk-

'zsk-,

Xerxes' -ksiz, -kziz I

Vinia

'zinja,

Xenocrates za'nakra^tiz;

{Gk ksi)

xi sai, zai

ES + -'nDk-;

Xmas

-iz

j-'s

XP

xenomania jZEna'tnenia, -nja Xenophanes za'ttafajniz; ES+-'nDf-; xenophobia jzena'fobia, -bja

Xenophon

ES

Xerxes 'zyksiz, 'zykziz;

-vi'3(r, -vjafr

xebec 'zibEk

'zenafan

|-es -iz

'kai'ro

X-ray 'eksVe

-iz

|-'s

'krismas

|-ed -d ('X-jray 'picture)

E + -jgraf,

xylograph

'zaila^grajf;

xylophone

'zaila^fon, 'zil-

-igraf

Y Y, y

letter

wax

-i

(glory, glories,

The sound

or

-i,

of ns, adjs, &° advs

money, icy, fully America from

-i is

N&

E,

The

as a whole

-i

hilt

toward

Macy's

'stesiz

variant is commonest in

-i

In America

rare in the S.

appears

As

to prevail.

it is

not

feasible in the vocabulary to give both variants -I &"

-ifor

tlte

mimerous words in

he understood that, though only

many

very

speakers use

approaching

tlte

-y, it

must

-i is given,

higher vowel

The ending -y

-i.

is

often

omitted from the vocab.

ES+jnt; 1-ed -id |-sman -sman |-smen -sman Yadkin 'jaedkin Yahoo, y- 'jahu, 'jehu, ja'hu Yahweh, -we 'jawe |-wism -wizam |-wist

yacht

jat;

jaek

Yakutsk ja'kutsk,

ja-

jaer;

E

ES jam, E+ja:n;

yarovize 'jarajvaiz

yarrow, Y-

ja

yawl

-ma(r;

[-ed

-d

|-ing

yank jaegk jaegk

-gan

'jaetajgaen,

jal

yawn

jan [yawned jand yawp, yaup jap, jop, jap

Yazoo

|-ed -t

'jaezu

y-clad I'klaed y-clept I'klspt

ye pro, stressed

'ji;

unstr. ji the def. art. the Sa,

ye arch, spelling for is not the

same

]>.

letter

(5i,

in

as in you, but

Ignorance has well-nigh ji.

yean

jin |yeaned jind |-ling 'jinlig

year

jir;

ES

jia(r,

S+JEa(r; |-book -jbuk

ES

'jirlig;

'jslig, -li

—

'js'lig,

Am- prons.

The

S + 'jea-;

'jia-,

are old-fashioned

'J3-, -li

have recently come

into standard Brit use.

yearlong

'jaegtsi'kjaeg

|-ed -t |

|-ed -d

-iz |-d -d

|yawed jad

corresponding

'jaensi

Yangtze-Kiang

|-s

'jaero, 'jaera

yataghan, -gan

yaw

ES 'jard-, E+'ja:dES jaea(r ES 'ja:maO, E + 'ja:maG

JEa(r,

Yarmouth 'jarmaO; yarn jam;

yearling

'jaemarig, 'jaemriij

Yankee

'jir'lag,

-'log;

ES

'jia-,

S+'jta-,

-'lag 'jaegki |-eeism

-ijzam

Yankee-Doodle 'jaegki'dudl yap jaep yapped jaept ful Itooth tue [further 'fySa^;

yearly

yeast

ES

ES 'jiali, S + 'jeaES jsn, jyn; |-ed -d

'jirli;

yearn jyn;

|

[full

yare jer,

yea je

yam jaera yammer 'jaema'; ES

Yank

yardstick 'jardjStik;

established the ridiculous pron.

jel

Yancey

ES ja:d, E+jard; |-ed -id yardarm 'jordjarm; ES 'jatd^arm, E + 'ja:dyard jard;

is the old th-letter

Yakima 'jaekama Yakut ja'kut Yale

-man |-men -man

'jaki

which y

-wist |-wistic ja'wistik

yak

jap |-man

Yaqui

(close) as

cf

or of stasis (stases

-iz)

cf Stacy's). the

-i

seldom as high

in the pi of basis (bases 'besiz 'mesiz,

'full, -i).

varies in

though the

-i,

Yap

Ys, pass Y's waiz

\pl Y's,

-y ending, pron.

jist |-y 'jisti,

in Shak. 'JEsti

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

hau

[toy tai

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision 'visanjEden 'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep 'em 'kipm

Yeats Yeats jets |Yeats's

York State 'jarkjStet; ES Yorktown 'jark^taun; ES

'jetsiz

yegg jeg

Yosemite jo'sEmati you stressed 'ju, ju;

yelk jelk doublet of yolk |yelked J£lkt

yeU

jel |yelled jeld

yellow

'jelo, -a j-ed

yellowhammer

with final

-d |-ing 'J2l3Wio

ES

'jda-;

'jelojhasma^,

'jelojSton, 'jela-

yellowthroat 'jelojOrot,

yellowwood 'JElo^wud,

'jela-

'jeman,

young

'jesta^;

yesterday

ES

'J£sta(r

ES 'JEstaES 'JEsta-

ja^;

yew

speakers distinguish

UdaU

youth jue

ES

yodel 'jodl |-ed -d

-mia(r;

|Ymer -m^; ES

lyogin 'jogin

yoick jaik |-ed

-t

l-'s

yow yow

doublet of intj

yolk jok, jolk |-ed

-t;

\NEngd+]'6\i (§46)

ES -a(r, -ua(r -da^; ES -da(r

'jom'kipa^, -ur;

yon jan, jon |-d -d |-der Yonge JAg Yonkers 'jaijkyz, 'jng-; ES -kaz

jua'sslf, joa'sElf,

-Zz, -Gs |-ful -fal [-fully

ES

joa(r,

York, -ke jark;

ES

\-'s

'juv,

juv;

often

ES

-za(r; (Fr Vxe:i)

-'tan ('Yuca^tan 'gum)

Yugoslav, J- n 'jugo,slav,

Yukon

ES

jaaks

Yorkshire

ES

'jaak/iafr, -/a(r

ynle,

bee bi [pity [far

Vaip»z (ES

-,slaev -'sliev

('Yugo-

Yugoslavia, J- 'jugo'slavia, -vja [-n -n Yugoslavic, J- jugo'slavik, -'sliev-

jaak; |Yorkist -ist

ba0 (§10) [ah a

ewe

see

/slav 'state)

E+jaa(r

See in full §§3^7.

'aiza^, 'iza^;

Yucatan juka'taen, yucca, Y- 'JAka

-iz

Yorks 'Yorkshire' jarks; 'jark/ir, -JV;

jo

Yugoslav, J- adj 'jugo'slav,

'jarik, 'jarik, 'jorik

E

ES

Yreka wai'rika

[-fellow -jIeIo, -a

Yser

jbath baeO;

|-s

ewe

yttrium 'itriam

Key:

jua(r, ja(r

jau

Yokohama joka'hama

jor, jar;

'jur.

'jua(r.

E+jaaz

juaz, joaz,

-es

yokel 'jokl

Yorick

jua(r,

Ypsilanti jipsa'laenti, -ta

jyoicks intj jaiks

yoke jok |yoked jokt

yore

ES

jur, ja^;

yowl jaul [yowled jauld Ypres 'ipra, 'ipraz (Fr ipr), -paz), cf Yreka

|-ing 'jodliij, 'jodlig

'joga

Kippur

'jua(r,

unstr. juv, jav

ES

'inur, 'inur;

Yom

E+jaa(r

you've abbr. of you have, stressed

-ma(r

'jogi

ijua(r.

unstr. jur.

-fall

'jidij

yip jip iyipped jipt

yogi

'jua(r,

E+jaa'sElf; [-selves -'seIvz

ja'sElf,

yield jild [yielded 'jildid

yoga

ujistr.

yours jurz;

ES

Jur;

'jur,

yourself jur'self, ja^'self; 'judl, cf

Yggdrasill 'igdra,sil

Ymir

-sta(r

E+'jaa(r, jaa(r;

jua(r, joa(r, ja(r,

jua(r;

from you. Yewdale 'ju,del, Yiddish

ES

ijur,

'JEsti

Many

ju, jiu

ES

you're abbr. spelling of you are, stressed

yet JEt

yew

-ga(r; |-est -gist

'JAgsta^, 'JAgksta^;

jjoa(r,

'joa(r,

yestreen JEs'trin

yesty 'yeasty'

ES

younker 'JAgka^; ES 'JAgka(r your stressed 'jur, jur; ES

'jesta^di, -jde;

yesterniglit 'jesta^'nait;

JAij |-er 'JAgga^;

youngster

'jskiz, 'jykiz; |-es' -iz

yes J8S lyeses 'jesiz |yesed jest yester

will, stressed 'jul,

youngish 'JAgiJ youngling 'JAijlig

j-ry -ri

'jovil

ES

you

Jul; unstr. jul, jal

'je- |-ite -,ait

yen jen

Yerkes 'jykiz;

river jaka'geni, /jnk-

you'll abbr. spelling of

yeoman 'joman |-men -man

(don'tju?

-t/a

-t/u,

'mEt/u); or with final -d -M3U, -d^v, -dsa

Youghiogheny

'jela-

yelp jelp yelped jelpt

Yemen

unstr. ju, ja; cojuhined

-'t/u,

-t

'jaak-

'jaak-

(wu'dsu? 'did3u?) you'd abbr. spelling of you had, you would: stressed 'jud, jud; imstr. jud, jad

-jhaem3(r

Yellowstone

Yeovil

yule

482

'piti (§6)

'jukan, -kon

Y-

jul, jiul j-tide -jtaid

Some speakers

distinguish yule from you'll. [rate ret [yet JEt jsang s^eg jangiy 'leg-gri

far Jwatch watj,

wotj

(§12) [jaw dsa [gorge gards [go go

Yutang Yutang ju'taeg Yvonne I'van,

—

see

Lin Yutang

Ywain,

humorous wai'vani,

I'von,

cf

ES

ix, o.f. 'iza^d;

'izad; Brit

zed

|^;

Zabulon 'zaebi3l3n = Zebulun |-'s

Zachariah, -a ^zaeka'raia

as -3s

]

'ziug-, 'zug|-'s

|-as's -3SIZ

ZimbaUst 'zimblist zinc zirjk [zincked, zinced zigkt zincify 'zigka^fai |-iied -^faid

zaem'bizi

Zanesville 'zenzvil

zincite 'zigkait

Zangwill 'ztegwil

zing zig [zinged zigd

zany

zinnia, Z- 'zmia, 'zmja

'zeni

Zanzibar 'zfenza^bar;

ES

iba:(r. E+-jba:(r

Zarathustra jzaer9'6ustr3

Zdanowicz Z-

'staenajvitj

Zion 'zaisn |-ism -^izam

|-ist -ist |-ite -^ait

zip zip [zipped zipt

Zipangu zi'paeggu

zareba, -reeba za'riba

zeal,

-iz

zigzag 'zigzaeg [zigzagged 'zigzaegd

-IZ

'zaekari -si

'zita

Zeus zus, zius, zjus

Zacchaeus, -cheus zae'kias

Zambezi,

zeta 'zeta,

zeugma 'zjugma,

Z's, Zs, pass Z's ziz

Zachary

I'wen ('Y^wain &° 'Gawain)

-e

ywis arch, adv I'wis y- wrought I'rat

Ypres, Yreka, Gnadenhutten

Z, z letter

Zophar

483

|-'s

Zipper, z- 'zipa^;

-IZ

ES

'zip3(r; [-ed -d

zircon 'zykan, -knn;

zil

ES 'zsk-, ES za-

'zyk-

zirconium za^'koniam;

Zealand 'ziland Zeal-of-the-Land Busy

'zi

zither 'ziOa^;

3v^3jlaend 'bizi

-n

zealot 'zebt |-ry

zloty

Zoar zor,

zealous 'zelas

-d [-n -n

'zi83(r; j-ed

Z3r, 'zoa^, 'z33^;

E+z33(r,

Zebedee 'zeba^dl

ES

'zlati, 'zloti [-ys -z

ES

zo3(r,

zebra 'zibra

zodiac 'zodijsek [zodiacal zo'daiakl

zebu

Zoe

'zibju, 'zibiu

zo

'zo'i,

Zebulun, -Ion 'zebjalan

Zola 'zob {Fr

Zechariah jzekaVaia

Zollverein Ger \s?)\izr^ain

zed zed

zombi, -bie 'zambi, 'zombi

zone zon

zee zi

Zeeland 'ziland {Du

zb''Ia)

j-nal -1 j-nally -ji

zoo zu

'zerlant)

Zeitgeist 'zait^gaist {Ger 'tsait^gaist)

zoogeographical jzoajdjia'graefikl

zenana ze'nana

zoogeography jzoadsi'agrafi, -'ng-

Zend z£nd Zend-Avesta zenda'vEsta

zoological jzoa'ladsikl;

'

|

zenith 'ziniG |-ths -Os

Zeno Gk

phil.

'zino.

ES + -'lDd3-;

It

admiral 'zeno

{It

Zoological 'lads-;

|-ly

-i.

Gardens Land zu'ladjikj,

zoology zo'aladji; ES+-'d1-;

Zephaniah jzefa'naia zephyr 'zefar; ES 'zefaCr Zephyrus 'zefaras |-'s -iz

zoom zum [zoomed zumd

Zeppelin, z- 'zepalin, 'zep in {Ger itsEpa'lirn)

zoosperm 'zoajspym;

zero

zoospore 'zoa^spor, -jSpDt;

[-ist -ist

zoomorphism ^zoa'mDrfizam; ES -'mDafzoophyte

'ziro, 'ziro

Zerubbabel za'rAbabI

'zoa^fait

ES

-jspsm, -jspym

ES

-jSpo3(r,

E+

-jSp33(r

Zophar

|-ful -fal [-fully -fall

ful [tooth tue [further 'fySa^;

^zua-

ES + -'lDd3-

Zenobia za'nobia, -bja

[full

[-ly -i, -ikli

-ikli

'dzerno)

zest ZEst |-ed -id

'zo-aCr,

'z3-3(r; j-ite -^ait

ES

'fstJa

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dif [vision

'zofa^;

ES

'zofaCr

[custom 'kAstam [while hwail jhow hau [toy

Visan Eden I

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

tai

'em 'kipm

— Zorn

Sw artist

Zorn

Zoroaster

sarn;

ES

jzoro'aesta';

S33n

ES

]-trian

-'aest3(r;

-tnan Zouave,

z- zu'av,

zwav -'zi;

ES

'zaida-;

(Z>« 'zoeydar'ze:)

Zulu 'zulu |-land 'zubjlaend, 'zuluZuiii 'zunji, 'sun-

{Am Sp

See in full §§3-47.

E

ES + -'mDt-;

j-ally

-h.

-ikli

zymurgy 'zaimydsi; ES -msdsi, -mydsi

'zAtfan, 'zut-

|bath baeO;

zymase 'zaimes zyme zaim zymology zai'raabdsi; ES + -'mDlzymosis zaiWosis zymotic zai'matik;

'sujii)

Zurich 'zurik, 'ziurik, 'zjurik {Ger Hsy:rix)

|full

'tsvi:,bak)

|-anist -anist {Ger 'tsvigli:)

Zuider Zee, Zuy- 'zaida-'ze,

Zutphen

Zuyder Zee see Zuider Zee zwieback 'tswi,bak, 'swi- {Ger

Zwingli 'zwirjgli |-an -an |-anism -an^izam

zounds zaundz, zaunz

Key:

zymurgy

484

bee bi |pity

baO (§10) |ah a

|far

ful |tooth tuO [further 'f^Sa^;

'piti

(§6) |rate ret |yet jet |sang saeg |angry 'aeg-gn

far |watch watj,

ES

wotj

(§12) |jaw dsa [gorge gords |go go

'fsSa [custom 'kAstam [while hwail [how

[using 'juzig [fuse fjuz, fiuz [dish dij [vision

Visan [Eden

hau

'idn [cradle 'kredl [keep

[toy tai

'em 'kipm

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