• Author / Uploaded
• Fabiana Soares

• Categories
• Género
• Nomenclatura botánica
• Ciencias de la tierra y de la vida
• Biología
• Taxonomía vegetal

Citation preview

BARRY

BOLTON

A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World

A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World

BARRY BOLTON

A N e w General Catalogue of the Ants of the World

Harvard University Press Cambridge, M a s s a c h u s e t t s London, England

1995

Copyright © 1995 b y t h e President a n d Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed i n t h e United States of America Scanning electron micrographs b y Laraine Ficken. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bolton, Barry. A n e w general catalogue of t h e ants of t h e w o r l d / Barry B o l t o n , p.

cm.

Includes bibliographical references (p.

).

ISBN 0 - 6 7 4 - 6 1 5 1 4 - X (alk. paper) 1. Ants—Classification. I. Title. QL568.F7B585

1995

595.79V012—dc20 95-12908

2. Ants, Fossil—Classification.

Contents

Introduction

1

Checklist of Fossil Taxa

4

Catalogue of Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa 7 C atalogue of Genus - Group Taxa

17

Catalogue of Species-Group Taxa

51

References

428

A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World

Introduction

Taxonomy is a fascinating branch of biology, unique in that it must always be retrospective as well as prospective. This is because a taxonomic decision taken today projects forward in time and colours the decisions and opinions of taxonomists in the future. Similarly, any taxonomic decision taken since the inception of zoological nomencla­ ture, in 1758, has relevance today, and on into the future. And it does not matter whether that decision was right or wrong; whatever its ultimate origin or fate, a taxonomic decision is a persistent fact that must be taken into account. I suppose that a quaint way of expressing this would be: a name is forever, or at least for as long as the science of taxonomy continues. Thus any taxonomist working today must have available all the relevant decisions taken in the past, so that they can be assessed, so that errors and misinterpretations can be avoided, and so that correct decisions and opinions can be transmitted to the future. A useful way of collating all these past actions is to gather the references to all the taxonomic decisions taken in a given group and put them together in such a way that the relevant data can easily be found and extracted. This is a prime function of a catalogue, to show at a glance the condi­ tion and state of any previous taxonomic decision.

History of a n t c a t a l o g u e s This volume is the first attempt to catalogue all the ants of the world, including the fossil forms, since 1893. Between that date and the present there have appeared a number of regional lists and catalogues dealing with larger or smaller areas, and one enormous work, the Genera Insectorum, that catalogued all the world's insect fauna except for the fossil taxa. Volumes in the Genera Insectorum series that deal with ants were published between 1910 and 1925. The series pre­ sented both a catalogue and a classification and in consequence was extremely valuable. A great deal has happened in myrmecology since 1925, however, and the series is outdated for modern needs. In par­ ticular, the classification offered there is n o w virtually useless, and taxonomic changes and additions have carried on apace since the appearance of the final volume. The concept of a world catalogue of all names in the family com­ menced with Roger (1863b) and Mayr (1863), both of w h o m pro­

duced extremely valuable but now mostly forgotten works. Not only did they enumerate the taxa then known, but they also introduced many synonymies which accounted for numerous old and dubious names and dispersed lots of names from the old form-genera into the genus-rank taxa that we still recognise today. They were followed by Dalla Torre (1893), whose treatment of extinct as well as extant taxa added a dimension that unfortunately was not continued. Later world cataloguers tended to stick with either the fossil fauna (Handlirsch, 1906,1907) or the extant fauna (Emery, 1910b, 191 Id, 1912g, 1921f, 1922e, 1922f, 1925b; the Genera Insedorum series). After these dates cataloguers specialised in regional surveys. Some of these dealt with entire zoogeographical regions, for instance Kempf (1972a) and Brando (1991) [Neotropical]; Smith, M.R. (1951a, 1958c) and Smith, D.R. (1979) [Nearctic]; Chapman & Capco (1951) [Orien­ tal and Indo-Australian]; Wheeler, W.M. (1922a) [Afrotropical and Malagasy]; Taylor (1987a, 1987b) [Australasian]; Wheeler, W.M. (1935i) [Oceanian]. Mostly however they dealt only with single countries, for example Bruch (1914, 1915) [Argentina]; Borgmeier (1923, 1927c) [Brazil]; Taylor & Brown, D.R. (1985) [Australia]; Wheeler, W.M. (1930h) and Wu, C.F. (1941) [China]; Baltazar (1966) [Philippines]; Baroni Urbani (1971c) ptaly]; Ceballos (1956) [Spain]; Pisarski (1975) [Poland]; Onoyama (1980) [Japan]. More recently Shattuck (1994) has attempted to break away from this regional technique by produc­ ing a catalogue based on subfamily-rank taxa (Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae) on a worldwide basis. Among the fossils, lists of forms in amber have attracted some at­ tention, with contributions by Burnham (1979), Keilbach (1982) and Spahr (1987). Fossils in rock have to a large extent been ignored, though Carpenter (1992) provides a review of fossil genera. Whole fossil faunas have of course been treateed in monographs by myrmecologists or palaeoentomologists, for example Emery (1891a), Wheeler, W M . (1915h), Carpenter (1930), Theobald (1937b), Dlussky (1967b, 1975, 1981b, 1988), but these are mostly descriptive and are not cross-referred to other faunas. Considering that the ants have one of the best fossil records of any insect family, a m o d e m worldwide re­ view of the extinct ant taxa is long overdue. The drift away from world to more limited regional catalogues was, I suspect, inspired mostly by strictures of time, availability of litera­ ture, and availability of financial support, though to a lesser extent a

deficiency of imagination may also have played a part. Regional cata­ logues and lists have their advantages, but they also generate prob­ lems. Chief among the drawbacks is the tendency to produce and maintain homonymies and to overlook synonymies among those re­ searchers who consult only the literature concerning the country or region in question and who ignore the extralimital possibilities. In this new general catalogue I have attempted to examine every publication on ant taxonomy and related fields of study from 1758 to the present. The result is what you see here. This catalogue covers the entire family Formicidae, which currently contains the following num­ bers of valid extant taxa: 16 subfamilies, 296 genera, and 9,536 species (up to 31 December 1993). Among the extant forms there are also an uncounted number of subspecies, along with a very large number of junior synonyms, junior homonyms, and unavailable names. In addi­ tion to the living taxa, the family's impressive fossil record yields a further 408 species. These are distributed through 13 subfamilies, of which 9 are currently extant and 4 are wholly extinct, and 118 gen­ era, of which 73 are totally extinct.

quickly followed by a n e w look at the topic by Brown (1954e). He proposed a radical change in the approach to ant classification and his paper forms the baseline for m o d e m research into both the classifica­ tion and the phylogeny of ants. In terms of classification these include the synopses by Brown (1973b), Snelling (1981), Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1985), DIussky & Fedoseeva (1987), Holldobler & Wilson (1990), and Bolton (1994). The study of ant phylogeny, or at least an attempt to account for the origins of the various ant subfamilies, dates back to Wheeler, W.M. (1920), but the field did not advance much until Brown's (1954e) paper. A short history of m o d e m works on ant phylogeny, which reflects the growing influence of cladistic methodology, is given by Bolton (1990c). Critical works that detail tire progress of ant phylogenetic studies in recent years include Taylor (1978a), DIussky & Fe­ doseeva (1987), Baroni Urbani (1989), Bolton (1990a, 1990b, 1990c), Ward (1990), Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward (1992), Shattuck (1992b), and Lattice (1994).

G e n e r a l r e f e r e n c e s a n d faunal s u r v e y s H i s t o r y of a n t c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a n d p h y l o g e n y The compilation of a catalogue such as this relies heavily upon a reasonable classificatory framework for the group in question. As in many insect groups the classification of the Formicidae is in a state of flux, with the older classification being gradually updated and im­ proved by the application of cladistic theories and methodologies. This means that parts of the classification within the family are more ad­ vanced than others, resulting in a variability which cannot be helped but which must be borne in mind by the reader. The ant classification that we see today is the culmination of over a century of accumulated effort. Early authors such as Nylander (1846a, 1846b, 1849), Smith, F. (1858), Mayr (1861, 1863) and Roger (1863b) were concerned with the accumulation of named taxa at genus and species rank and did not show much interest in arranging these into a formal classification. The second generation of ant taxonomists, be­ sides adding vast numbers of names to the rapidly growing list, began to attempt the arrangement of the names into a standard classifica­ tion. The first moves toward what eventually developed into today's system were made by Emery (1877a, 1895J, 1896e, 1901a, 1914a, 1915i) and Forel (1878, 1893a). These were followed by the Genera Insectorum series of Emery (1910b, 191 Id, 1912g, 192If, 1922e, 1922f, 1925b), whose results were very closely followed by Wheeler, W.M. (1920, 1922a). By 1925 a rough consensus had been reached, which has since been called the Emery-Wheeler classification (Brown, 1958g). This was extremely authoritative, as both authors also presented iden­ tification keys to the world's genera and higher taxa. So great was the influence of the Emery-Wheeler classification that study of the sub­ ject fell into abeyance for many years. Authors seemed content to cram any newly discovered taxon into the existing system, even w h e n it was glaringly obvious that the classification had outlived its useful­ ness. During the 1950s the flaws in the Emery-Wheeler system reached a critical point; the cracks could not be patched up or painted over any longer, and it began to fall apart. Two idiosyncratic classifications of ant subfamilies, proposed by Clark (1951) and Bernard (1951), were

2

Introduction

The eusocial organisation of ants and their enormously diverse biolo­ gies have, in recent years, inspired a large number of books offering a synthesis of ant biology and behavior. Recommended books for any­ one interested in ants in general, or in more specialised aspects of their biology, include the following and their included references: Beattie (1985), Blum (1984), Bolton (1994), DIussky (1981a), Dumpert (1978), Gosswald (1985), Hermann (1979-1982, 1984), Holldobler & Wilson (1990), Jolivet (1986, 1992), Passera (1984), Schneirla (1971), Sudd (1967), Sudd & Franks (1987), Wilson (1971). Along with these general volumes, the period 1950-1994 has seen the appearance of a number of surveys of local ant faunas that include keys for the identification of species within the country or territory in question. Faunal surveys that antedate 1950 are not recommended, as their keys are clogged with unavailable names and infraspecific taxa and are of very limited use by m o d e m standards. The following list indicates territories for which faunal surveys have been produced in the period 1950-1994, but references to earlier surveys and their con­ tents, and to works dealing with individual taxa rather than geograph­ ical areas, are of course included within the corpus of the catalogue. ARMENIA: Arakelian (1994). BALKAN STATES: Agosti & Collingwood (1987a, 1987b). BELGIUM: Boven (1977). BULGARIA: Atanassov & DIussky (1992). CANADA: Francoeur (1977b, 1979) [Quebec]. CHILE: Snelling & Hunt (1976). CORSICA: Casevitz-Weulersse (1990a, 1990b). CUBA: Alayo (1974). FENNOSCANDIA AND DENMARK: Collingwood (1979). FRANCE: Bernard (1967). GERMANY: Gosswald (1985). GREAT BRITAIN: Bolton & Collingwood (1975). IBERIAN PENINSULA: Collingwood (1978). ITALY: Baroni Urbani (1964b, 1964c, 1969a, 1971c). JAPAN: Morisita etal. (1989,1991,1992); Onoyama (1980); Onoyama & Terayama (1994) [list of references].

KIRGIZIA: Tarbinsky (1976). MALTA: Baroni Urbani (1968b); Schembri & Collingwood (1981). MELANESIA: Wilson (1958a, 1958d, 1959a, 1959b). NEW ZEALAND: Brown (1958h). NORTH AMERICA: Creighton (1950a); Gregg (1963) [Colorado]; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1963) [North Dakota]; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1986g) [Nevada]. POLYNESIA: Wilson & Taylor (1967). PORTUGAL: see Iberian Peninsula. SAUDI ARABIA: Collingwood (1985). SPAIN: see Iberian Peninsula. SWEDEN: Nilsson & Douwes (1987). SWITZERLAND: Kutter (1977c). TURKMENISTAN: DIussky, Soyunov & Zabelin (1990). USSR (former): Amol'di & DIussky (1978) [former European USSR]; Kupyanskaya (1990) [far eastern Russia]; Radchenko (1994b) [South Siberia]. WEST PALAEARCTIC: Bernard (1967).

WORLD GENERA: Holldobler & Wilson (1990), Bolton (1994).

U s e of t h e c a t a l o g u e The catalogue is divided into three sections. The first deals with fam­ ily-group (suprageneric) taxa: names applied to taxa with the rank of family, subfamily, tribe, or subtribe. The second deals with taxa in the genus-group: names applied to taxa with the rank of genus or subge­ nus. The third, and by far the largest, section deals with species-group taxa: names with the rank of species or subspecies. Each section has its own introductory paragraphs, explaining lay­ out, typography, special considerations, and so on. Within each sec­ tion names are listed in alphabetical order, regardless of their current status, and are cross-referred to other names where necessary. Thus every subfamily within the catalogue of family-group names has a list of component tribes appended; all names of tribes that are currently valid include a list of component genera; all species with infraspecific taxa contain lists of their subspecies. Cross-referencing also works in the reverse direction, as the entry for any subspecies will provide an indication of the species to which it is appended, which in turn is included under a genus heading, which itself is referable back to the catalogue of genus-group names and to the catalogue of family-group names. Similarly, the provenance of junior and senior synonyms and homonyms can be traced to and fro within the catalogue. Every entry strives to provide a taxonomic history of the name in question, and to provide additional references which supplement our understanding of the taxon. All changes of combination and status are recorded for each name, as are indications of synonymy and homonymy. Two terms commonly encountered in the catalogue need, I think, a few words of explanation, as they have been widely ignored or misun­ derstood in the taxonomic literature dealing with ants.

1. Combination. The association of a genus-rank name and a speciesrank name to form the n a m e of a species is a combination. Similarly, the association of genus-rank name plus species-rank name plus sub­ species-rank name forms a combination. A new combination occurs only w h e n a previously published name in the species-group is first appended to a generic name other than the one it accompanied in its original description. A revived combination describes the state in which a species-group name is transferred back to a generic name from which, at some previous time, it had been excluded. 2. Status. A change of rank within a trinomen or a quadrinomen, (such as the elevation of a subgenus to genus rank, or of a subspecies to species rank; or vice versa, the demotion of a genus to subgenus rank or species to subspecies rank) is indicated by new status. A reversion in rank to one previously held, from one later designated, is a revived status. The concepts and usages of combination and status are quite different and distinct. They should not be confused, although sadly they fre­ quently are. Three other concepts fundamental to an understanding of nomen­ clature, namely synonymy, homonymy and availability of names, have accrued a finely tuned series of regulations governing their use. The concepts and their applications are fully explained in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Third Edition, 1985) and are applied throughout this catalogue. Their correct usage should be understood and adhered to by all taxonomists. One common misuse of the term synonymy needs to be explained here. A secondary reference to a taxon, that directs material purport­ edly of that taxon to a different and senior taxon, is a misidentification, not a synonymy. For example, an entry in an imaginary taxo­ nomic synopsis such as X-usy-us Black, 1928: 4. X-us z-us White; Green, 1930:15, n e w synonymy. is an incorrect and ignorant usage of the concept of synonymy. This entry should properly read: X-usy-us Black, 1928: 4. X-us z-us White, sensu (or "in the sense of") Green, 1930: 15, misidentification. Synonymy in this instance applies only if the type-material of two (or more) taxa in the species-group has been compared and judged to be conspecific. Thus, in our imaginary example, if type-specimens of y-us and z-us had been compared and judged to be conspecific, the entry in the taxonomic synopsis would then indicate the material and nomi­ nate synonymy. X-usy-us Black, 1928:4. Holotype worker [examined]. X-us z-us White, 1930:1. Holotype worker [examined], n e w synon­ ymy.

Introduction

3

Checklist of Fossil Taxa

Throughout the catalogue the names of all fossil taxa are prefixed by the symbol *. Because the number of names applied to fossil forms is relatively small, their entries remain inconspicuous within the corpus of the catalogue. The following checklist has therefore been abstracted to

Suprageneric taxa k n o w n only from fossils For further data see u n d e r t h e catalogue of family-group (suprageneric) taxa. *ARCHIPONERINI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini). *ARMANUNAE (subfamily of Formicidae). *FORMICIINAE (subfamily of Formicidae). *HYPOPOMYRMICTTI (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidologetonini). *MIOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae). *PALEOSMINTHURINAE (subfamily of Formicidae). *PITYOMYRMECINI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae). *PRIONOMYRM£CINI (tribe of Myrmeciinae). *SICILOMYRMECINI (tribe of Forrmtinae). *SPHECOMYRMINAE (subfamily of Formicidae). *ZHERICHINIINI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae).

Genus-rank a n d species-rank taxa k n o w n o n l y f r o m fossils Names of species are n o t e d u n d e r their c u r r e n t generic combinations only. For original combinations of species-rank taxa a n d for further data see u n d e r t h e catalogues of species-group n a m e s a n d g e n u s - g r o u p names. ACANTHOGNATHUS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini). Included fossil species: *poinari.

allow those workers primarily interested in the fossil forms to gain rapid access to the taxa in question. The list here provides only the names of the taxa. Their individual entries and data relating to them are given in full in the catalogue proper.

*ACROSTIGMA (junior s y n o n y m oiPodomyrma). *A GROECOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Agroecomyrmecini). Included species: *duisburgi. *AMEGHINOJA (Myrmeciinae). Included species: *piatnitzkyi. *ANEURETELLVS (Aneuretinae). Included species: *deformis. ANOCHETUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included fossil species: *ambiguus, *brevidentatus, *conisquamis, *corayi, *dubius, *exstinctus, *intermedius, *lucidus. ANONYCHOMYRMA (Dolichoderinae). Included fos­ sil species: *constricta, *samlandica. APHAENOG ASTER (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini). Included fossil species: *avita, *donisthorpei, Hivida, *longaeva, *maculata, *macuttpes, *mayri, *mersa, *'oligocenica, *pannonica, *sommerfeldti. *ARCHAEOPONE (*Armaniinae). Included species: *kzylzharica, *taylori. *ARCHIMYRMEX (Myrmicinae). Included species: *rostratus. *ARCHIPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included spe­ cies: *wheeleri. *ARMANIA (*Armaniinae). Included species: *robusta. *ARMANIELLA (*Annanimae). Included species: *curiosa. *ASYMPHYLOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included species: *balticus. *ATTAICHNUS (Myrmicinae: Attini (ichnotaxon)). Included ichnospecies: *kuenzelii. *ATTOPSIS (Myrmicinae). Included species: *ltmgipmnis, *longipes.

AZTECA (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil species: *alpha, *eumeces. *BAJKUPJS (*Sphecomyrminae). Included species: *mandibularis, *mirabilis. *BRADOPONERA (Ponerinae: Proceratiini). Included species: *meieri. *CALYPTTTES (dubiously Formicidae). Included spe­ cies: *antediluvianum. *CAMPONOTTTES (Formicinae: Camponotini). Included species: *macropterus. CAMPONOTUS (Formicinae: Camponotini). Included fossil species: *brodiei, *compactus, *fusapennis, *heracleus, *induratus, *lignitus, *longiventris, *mengei (= *igneus), *microcephalus, *novotnyi, *obesus, *oeningensis, *penninervis, *petrifactus, *pinguiculus, *pinguis, *saussurei (unresolved h o m o n y m ) , *shanwangensis, *tokunagai, *ullrichi, *vehe„*ens (= *miserabilis), *vetus. *CARIRIDRIS (Myrmeciinae). Included species: *bipetiolata. *CASALEIA (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini). Included spe­ cies: *inversa. CATAGLYPHIS (Formicinae: Forrnicini). Included fos­ sil species: *constrictus. CATAULACUS (Myrmicinae: Cataulacini). Included fossil species: *anthracinus (= *nigra), *planiceps, *silvestrii. *CEPHALOMYRMEX *rotundatus.

(Myrmicinae). Included species:

CERAPACHYS (Cerapachyinae: Cerapachyini). Included fossil species: *annosus, *favosus.

CHIMAEROMYRMA (Formicinae: Camponotini). Included species: *brachycephala. CREMATOGASTER (Myrmicinae: Crematogastrini). Included fossil species: *praecursor, *pusilla. CRETACOFORMICA (dubiously Formicidae). Included species: *explicata. CRETOMYRMA (*Sphecomyrminae). Included spe­ cies: *arnoldii, *unicornis. CRETOPONE (*Armaniinae). Included species: *magna. CTENOBETHYLUS (junior s y n o n y m of Liometopum). DLUSSKYIDRIS (*Sphecomymiinae). Included spe­ cies: *zherichini. DOLICBODERUS (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil species: *affectus, *anglicus, *anthracinus, *antiquus, *balticus, *britannicus, *bruneti, *caribbaens, *coquandi, *cornutus, *dibolius, *elegans, *explicans, *gurnetensis, *kutsckiinicus, *longipennis, *mesosternalis, *nitidus, *obliteratus, *oviformis, *ovigerus, *passalomma, *primitivus, *prolaminatus, *rohweri, *sculpturatus, *tauricus, *tertiarius, *vectensis, *vexillarius. *DOLICHOMYRMA (*Annaniinae). Included species: *laticeps, *longiceps. *DRYMOMYRMEX (Fonrntinae: Camponotini). Included species: *claripennis, *fuscipennis. ECTATOMMA (Ponerinae: Ectatorrunini). Included fossil species: *gracik. *ELAEOMYRMEX (DoUchoderinae). Included species: * coloradensis, *gracilis. *ELECTROMYRMEX *kkbsi. *ELECTROPONERA

(Myrmicinae). Included species:

Included fossil species: *expectans, *hoemesi (= *annectens, = *mayri, = *theryi), *miegi. *GLAPHYROMYRMEX (Formicinae: Formicini). Included species: *oligocenicus. GNAMPTOGENYS (Ponerinae: Ectatommini). Included fossil species: *europaea, *levinates, *pristina. *HYPOPOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini). Included species: *bombiccii. *ILEMOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Stenamnrini?). Included species: *caecus. *IMHOFFLA (Formicinae). Included species: *nigra, *pallida. IRIDOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil spe­ cies: *breviantennis, *florissantius, *geinitzi, *haueri, *mapesi, *oblongiceps, *obscurans. *KOTSHKORKIA (Dolichoderinae). Included species: *laticcps. *LAMPROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium). LASIUS (Formicinae: Lasiini). Included fossil species: *chambonensis, *crispus, *epkentrus, *globularis, *longaevus, *longipennis, *minumlus, *nemorivagus, *obliteratus, *oblongus, *obscurus, *occultatus, *peritulus, *pumilus (= *punctulatus), *redtenbacheri, *schkfferdeckeri (= *edentatus), *terreus, *tertiarius, *vetulus. LEPTOMYRMEX

(Ponerinae: Ectatommini).

Included species: *dubia. *EMPLASTUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included species: *emeryi. *ENNEAMERUS

*FORMICITES (collective group n a m e , w i t h o u t included n a m e d taxa). *FORMICIUM (*Formiciinae). Included species: *berryi, *brodiei, *giganteum, *mirabik, *simiUimum. GESOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Gesomyrmecini).

(Myrmicinae: M y m i e c i n i n i (?)).

Included species: *reticulatus. *EOCENIDRIS (Myrmicinae).Included species: *crassa. *EOFORMICA (Myrmicinae). Included species: *pinguis. *EOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae). Included species: *guchengziensis. *EOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of *Formicium). *EOTAPINOMA (Dolichoderinae). Included species: *compacta, *gracilis. *EULITHOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Agroecomyrmecini). Included species: *rugosus, *striatus. FORMICA (Formicinae: Formicini). Included fossil species: *acuminata, *aemula, *alsatica, *antiqua, *arcana, *atavina, *auxillacensis, *baltka, *bauckhorni, *buphthalma, *cantalica, *capito, *cephalica, *clymene, *cockerelli, *demersa, *eoptera, *flori, *fragilis (unre­ solved h o m o n y m ) , *gibbosa (unresolved h o m ­ o n y m ) , *ghbiventris, *gracilis (unresolved h o m o n y m ) , *grandis, * gravida, *heteroptera, *horrida, Hmmersa, *kollari, Hatinodosa, Havateri, *longicollis, *longiventris, *lucida, *luteola, *macrocephala (unre­ solved h o m o n y m ) , *macrognatha, *macrophthalma, *maculipennis, *martynovi, *nigra (unresolved h o m ­ o n y m ) , *oblita, *obtecta, *obvoluta, *ocella, *oculata, *ophthalmica, *orbata, *parvula, *parvula (unresolved h o m o n y m ) , *phaethusa, *pitoni, *primitiva, *primordialis, *procera, *pukhella, *pumila, *quadrata, *robusta, *sepulta, *serresi, *seuberti, *strangulata, *surinamensis, *trigona, ^tripartita, *ungeri.

(Dolichoderinae). Included fossil

species: *neotropicus. *LEPTOMYRMULA (Dolichoderinae). included spe­ cies: *maravignae. LEPTOTHORAX (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini). Included fossil species: *glaesarius, *gracilis, *hystriculus, *longaevus, *pladvus, *praecreolus. *LEUCOTAPHUS (Formicinae: Forrnicini). Included species: *cockere!li, *gurnetensis, *permancus. LJNEPTTHEMA (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil spe­ cies: *hispaniolae, *humiloides. LIOMETOPUM (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil spe­ cies: * antiquum, *goepperti (= *succinaiis), *imhoffii (= *schmidtii), *miocenicum, *oligocenicum, *scudderi. *LITHOMYRMEX (junior h o m o n y m , see *Eulithomyrmex). *LONCHOMYRMEX

(Myrmicinae: Pheidolini?).

Included species: *freyeri, *nigritus. *MEGAPTERITES (junior s y n o n y m of *Formicium). MESSOR (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini). Included fossil

*MYRMICIUM (Myrmicinae). Included species: *heerii. NETVAMYRMEX (Ecitoninae: Ecitonini). Included fos­ sil species: *ectopus. *NOTHOMYRMICA (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini?). Included species: ^intermedia, *petiolata, *rudis, *rugosostriata. ODONTOMACHUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included fossil species: *pseudobauri, *spinifer. OECOPHYLLA (Formicinae: Oecophyllini). Included fossil species: *atavina, *bartoniana, *brischkei, *crassinoda, *kakeyi, *megarche, *obesa, *perdita, *praeclara, *sicula, *superba. OLIGOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini). Included fossil species: *antiquus, *bohemicus, *sophiae, *thorali. *OXYIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini). Included species: *antillana. PACHYCONDYLA (Ponerinae: Ponerini). included fossil species: *cakarea, *crawleyi, *dubia, *globiventris, *gratilicomis, *succinea. *PALAEOMYRMEX (junior h o m o n y m , see *Dlusskyidris). *PALEOSMINTHURUS (*Paleosminthurinae). Included species: *juliae. *PARAMERANOPLUS (Myrmicinae: Meranoplini). Included species: *primaevus. *PARANEURETUS (Aneuretinae). Included species: Hongicomis, *tornquisti. *PARAPHAENOGASTER (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini). Included species: *microphthalma, *shanwangensis. PARAPONERA (Ponerinae: Paraponerini). Included fossil species: *dieteri. *PETRAEOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included spe­ cies: *minimus. *PETROPONE (*Armaruinae). Included species: *petiolata. PHEIDOLE (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini). Included fossil species: *cordata, *tertiaria, *tethepa. PHEIDOLOGETON (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini). Included fossil species: *rugiceps, *schossnicen$is. *PITYOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included species: *tornquisti. PLAGIOLEPIS (Formicinae: Plagiolepidini). Included fossil species: *klinsmanni, *kuenowi, *labilis, *singularis, *solitaria, *squamifera, *succini. PLATYTHYEA (Ponerinae: Platythyreini). included fossil species: *primaeva. PODOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Fonriicoxenini). Included fossil species: *mayri. POGONOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini). Included fossil species: *fossilis.

species: *sculpturatus (unresolved h o m o n y m ) . *MIANEURETUS (Aneuretinae). Included species: *mirabilis.

PONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included fossil spe­ cies: *atavia, *ekgantissima, *kptocephala, *minuta. *PONERITES (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included species:

*MIOMYRMEX

*karaganensis, *stauropolitanus, *umbra. *PONEROPSIS (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included spe­ cies: *affinis, *brunascens, *crassinervis, *croatka, *elongata, *elongatula, *escheri, *fuliginosa, *gbbosa, *hypolitha, *bngaeva, *lugubris, *morio, *pallida, *rhenana, *stygia, *tenuis, *veneraria, *ventrosa. *PONEROPTERUS (*Armaniinae). Included species: *sphecoides.

(Dolichoderinae). Included species:

*impactus, *striatus. MONOMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini). Included fossil species: *mayrianum (= *gracillimus), *pilipes. MYRMICA (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini). Included fossil species: *aemula, *angusticollis, *archaica, *bremii, *concinna, *jurinei, *bngispirwsa, *macrocephala, *molassica, *nebulosa, *obsokta, Hertiaria (= *bicolor), *venusta (unresolved h o m o n y m ) . *MYRMICITES (collective group n a m e , w i t h o u t included n a m e d taxa).

PRENOLEPIS

(Formicinae: Lasiini). Included fossil

species: *henschei, *pygmaea. *PRIONOMYRMEX (Myrmeciinae: Prionomyrmecini). Included species: Hongiceps.

Fossil Taxa

5

*PROCERAPACHYS (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys). PROCERATIUM (Ponerinae: Proceratiini). Included fossil species: *denticulatum. *PRODIMORPHOMYRMEX (Formicinae: G e s o m y r m e d n i ) . Included species: *primigenius. *PROMYRMICIUM (Myrmicinae). Included species: *boreale. *PROPODOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia). *PROTAMBLYOPONE (junior h o m o n y m , see *Casaleia). *PROTANEURETUS (Aneuretinae). i n c l u d e d species: *succineus. *PROTAZTECA (Dolichoderinae). Included species: *capitata, *elongata, *hendersoni, *quadrata.

*PSEUDOCAMPONOTUS (Formicinae: Camponotini). Included species: *elkoanus. PSEUDOLASIUS (Formicinae: Lasiini). Included fossil species: *boreus. PSEUDOMYRMEX (Pseudomyrmecinae). Included fossil species: *antiquus, *avitus, *baros, *coruscus, *extinctus, *macrops, *nexilis, *oryctus, *prioris, *succinus, *thecolor, *vicinus. *KHOPALOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Plagiolepidini). Included species: *pygmaeus. RHYTWOPONERA (Ponerinae: Ectatonnnini). Included fossil species: *kirghizorum. *SICILOMYRMEX (Formicinae: *Sicflomyrmedni).

*PROTOFORMICA (Formicinae: Formicini). Included species: *proformicoides.

Included species: *corniger. SMTTHISTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini). Included

*PROTOPONE (Ponerinae: Ponerini). Included species: *primigena.

fossil species: *electrina, *schleeorum. SOLENOPSIS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini). Included

*PROTRECHJNA (Formicinae: Lasiini). Included spe­ cies: *carpenteri.

fossil species: *blanda (= *acuta), *foersteri, *major

*PSEUDARMANIA (*Armaniinae). Included species: *aberrans, *rasnitsyni.

*superba { = *extensa), *valida. *SPHECOMYRMA (*Sphecomyrminae). Included spe­ cies: *canadensis, *freyi.

6

Fossil Taxa

(unresolved h o m o n y m ) , *maxima, *moesta, *privata,

STENAMMA (Myrmicinae: S t e n a m m i n i ) . Included fossil species: *berendti. *STIGMOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Forrmcoxenini?). Included species: *venustus. *STIPHROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: M y r m e c i i i n i ? ) . Included species: *robustus. *SYNTAPHUS (Ponerinae: Ecratommini). Included spe­ cies: *wkeeleri. TAPINOMA (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil species: *minutissimum, *troche. TECHNOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae). Included fossil species: *deletus. TETRAPONERA ( P s e u d o m y n n e c i n a e ) . Included fos­ sil species: *angustata, *klebsi, *lacrimarum, *ocellata, *oligocenica, ^simplex. TRA CHYMYRMEX (Myrrmcmae: Attini). Included fossil species: *primaevus. VOLLENHOVIA (Myrmicinae: M e t a p o n i n i ) . Included fossil species: *beyrichi (= *samlandica), *prisca. *ZHERICEONWS (Dolichoderinae). Included species: *horribilis, *rapax.

Catalogue of Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa

L a y o u t of t h e c a t a l o g u e

A p p l i c a t i o n of t h e C o d e t o f a m i l y - g r o u p t a x a

In the alphabetically arranged list of family-group taxa below, each name is immediately followed by parentheses giving information on the current status of the name. Subsequent entries list references for the following:

The provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Third Edition, 1985) have in the past been m u c h neglected as regards their application to names in the family-group; they are implemented in this catalogue. It is not practical to repeat all the rules and provi­ sions here, but some basic principles, particularly those which affect entries in this catalogue, should be clarified.

i. The original description, designation, or nomination of the taxon, and its type-genus. ii. In date order, any changes of spelling, rank-denoting suffix, stem, or assignment; as well as changes modifying the original content of the taxon. iii. Revisions or reviews of the taxon. iv. Junior or senior synonyms of the taxon. v. List of valid lower-ranking taxa currently included within the higher-ranking taxon. vi. Notes. All family-group taxa are listed in alphabetical order regardless of their current status. Statements of synonymy are repeated under both junior and senior names, but junior synonyms appear in the form given at their inception. Taxonomically unavailable names are stated as such and are followed by a note explaining their provenance and dispersal. Names currently considered valid are in BOLD CAPITALS, all other names are in CAPITALS. The symbol * preceding a name at any rank indicates that the taxon is k n o w n only from the fossil record. No attempt has been made to record every occurrence of a name throughout the entire ant literature. Only references conveying new, modified, or synoptic information are given. The appearance of simple misspellings caused by obvious typo­ graphical errors in the names has been ignored in the catalogue, ex­ cept w h e n it affects the nomenclature. For example, in DIussky & Fedoseeva (1987: 78), Apomyrmini appears as Aromyrmini. As the only included genus is stated correctly as Apomyrma, such a minor error is unlikely to cause confusion. However, w h e n a rnisspelling is so gross that it may tend to confuse, it is included in the catalogue; for example Myrmorhynchini for Myrmecorhynchini. The object of this survey is to present a concise and useful catalogue, not a long list of all the typographical errors ever perpetrated in the Formicidae.

1. Names proposed in the family-group (suprageneric taxa) must be based upon the name-stem of an available genus rank taxon; other­ wise they are taxonomically unavailable. For example, Formicidae, formed from the genus rank name Formica; Cerapachyinae, formed from the genus-rank name Cerapachys; and Brachymyrmecini, formed from the genus rank n a m e Brachymyrmex, are all available. On the other hand, names such as Euformicinae, Rhagiomyrmicinae, and Taraxoponerinae are unavailable, as they are not based on a genusrank name. 2. Standard suffixes mcHcating the rank of a suprageneric taxon are as follows: -idae for taxa of family rank, -inae for taxa of subfamily rank, -ini for taxa of tribe rank. A formal suffix to indicate subtribal rank has never been stand­ ardised, though -ina is much used elsewhere in the Hymenoptera. Brown (1957i: 193) has suggested -iti, but this does not appear to have gained wide recognition or support. As a personal, subjective, opinion I can see n o obvious advantage to the use of subtribes. They merely interpose another formal taxonomic rank of very marginal value; their place should perhaps be taken by informal groups of genera which, however closely they are defined, do not add an additional stratum to the formal nomenclature. Note that before about 1895 there was no general agreement on suffixes determining a particular rank. Thus, before that date -idae, for example, may be applied to suprageneric taxa below the rank of family. 3. A change of suffix in an available family-group name, indicating a change of rank, does not initiate any alteration of the name of the author, nor does it require a change of date, nor is the author's name placed in parentheses or in any other way modified. Irrespective of

the suffix, the name is always attributed to the author who first used it as an available name in the family-group, and with that date of publication. 4. The law of priority is applicable to suprageneric taxa. The valid name of a taxon is the oldest available name applied to it. For exam­ ple, the name Leptothoracini Emery (1914a: 38) is antedated by Formicoxenini Forel (1893a: 164). Emery (1914a: 42) himself included the type-genus of Formicoxenini (Formicoxenus) in his tribe Lepto­ thoracini. No subsequent author has questioned the fact that Formi­ coxenus and Leptothorax (the type-genus of Leptothoracini) belong in the same tribe; nor is it questioned here. Hence the better-known name Leptothoracini falls as a junior synonym of Formicoxenus. 5. The principle of homonymy is applicable to suprageneric taxa. For example Monomoriini Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 45 is a junior homonym (and also a junior synonym) of Monomoriini Emery, 1914a: 4 1 .

History of s y n o p t i c classifications The purpose of a synoptic classification is to present the reader with a systematic overview which shows at a glance the author's opinion of the worldwide classification of a particular group. Such synopses have a long history in the Formicidae and are divisible into two main cate­ gories: first, those with reasons given for the classification, either stated or implied by reference to earlier studies; and second, those taking the form of a simple list, without justification or argument for the system outlined. In the main, later synopses were built upon, and relied heavily on, earlier studies. The first authors to come to grips with an overall clas­ sification of ants, in a recognisably modern system, were Forel (1893a) and Emery (1895J, 1896e), although these dated back to preliminary surveys by Emery (1877a) and Forel (1878). Further ad­ ditions to the fledgling system thus produced were made by Emery (1901a, 1914a, 1915i). These culminated in his contributions to the remarkable Genera Insectorum volumes (Emery, 1910b, 191 Id, 1912g, 1921f, 1922e, 1922f, 1925b), which offered both classification and

T h e c a t a l o g u e of f a m i l y - g r o u p (suprageneric) taxa ACANTHOMYOPSINI (junior s y n o n y m of Lasiini) Acanthomyopsini Donisthorpe, 1943f: 6 1 8 [as tribe of Formicinae]. Type-genus: Acanthomyops. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lasiini: Bolton, 1994: 50. ACANTHOSTICHTNI (tribe of Cerapachyinae) Acanthostichii Emery, 1901a: 34 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Type-genus: Acanthostichus. Acanthostichinae: A s h m e a d , 1905b: 382 [as subfamily of Dorylidae]. Acanthostichini: Emery, 19 l i d : 12 [as tribe of Pon­ erinae; e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Acanthostichini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 640 [as tribe of Cerapachyinae]. Acanthostichini: B r o w n , 1975: 39 [as tribe of P o n ­ erinae].

8

Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa

catalogue. Other notable synopses made in the first quarter of the twentieth century included those of Forel (1917), Wheeler, W.M. (1922a), and the rather idiosyncratic classification of Ashmead (1905b). These publications account for the majority of subfamily and tribe names still in use in the Formicidae. Most of these contributions fall into the first category outlined above, but the works of Ashmead (1905b) and Forel (1917) fall into the second. After 1925 the appeal of synoptic classifications appears to have waned, although a few regional synopses have been produced, for example by Kempf (1972a) at the end of his Neotropical catalogue. Fresh interest was kindled by Brown's (1973b) synoptic list of sub­ families and genera, and in recent years there has been a small deluge of synopses, all of which fall into the second category mentioned above. These include the works of Snelling (1981), Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1985), DIussky & Fedoseeva (1987), Holldobler & Wilson (1990), and Bolton (1994). For the most part these give a useful overview, but unfortunately the "simplified conspectus of Formici­ dae" produced by Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1985) is retrograde. Errors of omission and commision abound and the list is untrust­ worthy and not recommended.

N o t e o n tribe-rank classification In subfamilies of Formicidae such as Cerapachyinae and Ecitoninae, and to a large extent Ponerinae, the tribe-rank classification is more or less accurate and reflects, to a reasonable extent, an acceptable clas­ sification at our current state of knowledge. The same could not be said of the subfamilies Formicinae and Myrmicinae. In these the triberank classification is ancient, decrepit, largely speculative, and in dire need of serious modern analysis. The tribes of Formicinae listed here largely follow, with minor modifications, the classical systems of Wheeler, W.M. (1922a) and Emery (1925b), which, despite all their shortcomings, we must still use. The tribes of Myrmicinae, as pre­ sented here, reflect my current opinions, for what they are worth, but these should not be considered definite or final by any means.

Acanthosticiiini: Bolton, 1990a: 67 [as tribe of Cerapachyinae]. Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1975: 39. Included g e n u s : Acanthostichus. AENICTINAE (subfamily of Formicidae) Aenictii Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Type-genus: Aenictus. Aemctini: A s h m e a d , 1905b: 381 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Aenictii: Emery, 1910b: 2 8 [as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ecitoni]. (Wrongly retained as such by Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1 9 8 5 : 2 5 6 ) . Aemctini: Borgmeier, 1954c: 212 [revived from s y n o n ­ y m y as tribe of Dorylinae]. Aenictinae: Bolton, 1990c: 1358 [as subfamily of Formicidae]; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 315. Included genus: Aenictus.

AENICTOGITONINAE (subfamily of Formicidae) Aenictogitonini A s h m e a d , 1905b: 381 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Type-genus: Aenictogiton. Aenirtogitini: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 4 3 [as tribe of Ponerinae; unjustified e m e n d a t i o n of spelling]. Aenictogitoninae: Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 315 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Revision (as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ) : B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 4 3 . Included g e n u s : Aenictogiton. AGROECOMYRMECTJNI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Agroecomyrmicini Carpenter, 1930: 34 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: *Agroecomyrmex. Agroecomyrmecini: B r o w n & Kempf, 1968: 184 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. Revision of tribe: B r o w n & Kempf, 1968: 184. Included genera: *Agroecomyrmex, *Eulithomyrmex, Tatuidris.

ALLOFORMICINAE (unavailable n a m e ) Allofonnicinae Emery, 1925b: 9 [as "section" of Formicinae]. Section designated to include tribes Melophorini, Myrmelachistini a n d Plagiolepidini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to Formicinae: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . AMBLYOPONINI (tribe of Ponerinae) A m b l y o p o n i n a e Forel, 1893a: 162 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Type-genus: Amblyopone. Amblyoponii: Emery, 1895c: 2 6 1 ; Emery, 1895J: 761 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix]. Amblyoponinae: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 5 (in key) [as subfam­ ily of Formicidae]. Amblyoponini: Brown, 1953c: 11 [as tribe of Pon­ erinae]. Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1960a: 145; Ward, 1994: 167. Senior s y n o n y m of Ericapeltini (type-genus included in Amblyoponini by Brown, 1960a: 156, b u t n o t formally synonymised): Bolton, 1994: 164. Examblyoponini: B r o w n , 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 2 . Onychomyrmicini (type-genus included in Amblyoponini b y B r o w n , 1960a: 178, b u t n o t for­ mally synonymised): Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 . Reneini: B r o w n , 19 5 3c: 1 1 . Included genera: Adetomyrma, Amblyopone, *Casaleia, Concoctio, Myopopone, Mystrium, Onychomyrmex, Paraprionopelta, Prionopelta. ANERGATIDINI (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidolini) Anergatidini Emery, 1922e: 116 [as subtribe of Pheidolini]. Type-genus: Anergatides (junior syn­ o n y m of Pheidole). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidolini: Bolton, 1994: 106. ANERGATTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramoriini) Anergatini Emery, 1914a: 4 1 [as subtribe of Solenopsidini]. Type-genus: Anergates. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramoriini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . ANEURETINAE (subfamily of Formicidae) Aneuretini Emery, 1912g: 6 [as tribe of Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Aneuretus. A n e u r e t i n a e : Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 6 (footnote) [as subfamily of Formicidae]. A n e u r e t i n a e : Baroni Urbani, 1 9 8 9 : 1 4 7 [as j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Dolichoderinae]. A n e u r e t i n a e : Bolton, 1990c: 1361 [revived status as subfamily of Formicidae]; Shattuck, 1992b: 2 0 1 ; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 3 1 5 . Review of subfamily: Wilson, Eisner, W h e e l e r & Wheeler, 1 9 5 6 : 8 1 . Catalogue a n d bibliography of subfamily: Shattuck, 1994:1. Included genera: *Aneuretellus, Aneuretus, *Mianeuretus, *Paraneuretus, *Protaneuretus. Note. Material originally included u n d e r t h e unavail­ able n a m e Prodolichoderinae is referable in part to A n e u r e t i n a e : Bolton, 1994: 15.

ANOMALOMYRMINI (tribe of Leptanillinae) A n o m a l o m y r m i n i Taylor, in Bolton, 1990b: 2 7 8 . Typeg e n u s : Anomalomyrma. Included genera: Anomalomyrma, Protanilla. ANONYCHOMYRMINI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae) A n o n y c h o m y r m i n i Donisthorpe, 1947c: 588 [as tribe of Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Anonychomyrma. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c: 5. APHAENOGASTRINI (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidolini) Aphaenogastrini E n z m a n n , J. 1947b: 147 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Aphaenogaster. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidolini: B r o w n , 1949a: 4 8 . APOMYRMINAE (subfamily of Formicidae) A p o m y r m i n i DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 78 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Apomyrma. Apomyrrnim: Bolton, 1990b: 2 8 0 [as tribe of Leptarrillinae]. A p o m y r m i n a e : Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 316 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Included genus: Apomyrma. ARCHAEOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmecinini) Archaeomyrmicini M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 4 9 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Archaeomyrmex (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmecina). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmecinini: B r o w n , 1971a: 2 *ARCHEPONEPJNI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini) *Archiponerini DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 78 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: *Archiponera. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1994: 164. *ARMANIINAE (subfamily of Formicidae) *Armaniidae DIussky, 1983: 66 [as family of Formicoidea]. Type-genus: *Armania. *Armaniidae: Wilson, 1987: 4 9 [as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formicidae]. *Armaniidae: DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77 [revived status as family of Formicoidea]. *Armaniinae: Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 1 ; Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 8 7 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Included genera: *Archaeopone, *Armania,

*Armaniella,

*Cretopone, *Dolichomyrma, *Petropone, *Poneropterus, *Pseudarmania. ATTINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Attidae Smith, F. 1858b: 161 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Type-genus: Atta. Attidae: Smith, F. 1863: 21 [as family]. Attidae: Emery, 1877a: 72 [as "group" w i t h i n Myrmicidae]. Attii: Forel, 1893a: 163 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. Attinae: Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [as subfamily of Cryptoceridae]. Attini: Emery, 1914a: 39; Forel, 1917: 2 3 2 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix; as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Included genera: Acromyrmex, Apterostigma, Atta, *Attaichnus (ichnotaxon), Cyphomyrmex, Mycetarotes, Mycetophylax, Mycetosoritis, Mycocepurus, Myrmicocrypta, Pseudoatta, Sericomyrmex, Trachymyrmex.

AXINIDRrNI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae) Axinidrini Weber, 1941a: 193 fas tribe of Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Axinidris. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c: 5. BASICEROTTNI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Basicerotini B r o w n , 1949f: 86 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Basiceros. Revision of tribe: B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 1 6 1 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 10. Basicerotini revived from s y n o n y m y : r e v i v e d s t a t u s . Included genera: Basiceros, Creightonidris, Eurhopalothrix, Octostruma, Protalaridris, Rhopalothrix, Talaridris. BLEPHARTO ATTINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Blepharidattini Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1991a: 133. Type-genus: Blepharidatta. Included genera: Blepharidatta, Wasmannia. BRACHYMYRMECINI (tribe of Formicinae) Brachymyrmicini Emery, 1925b: 4 0 [as subtribe of D i m o r p h o m y r m i c i n i ] . Type-genus: Brachymyrmex. Brachymyrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 12 [as tribe of Formicinae]. Brachymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258 [emendedspelling]. Included genera: Aphomomyrmex, Brachymyrmex, Cladomyrma, Petalomyrmex, Pseudaphomomyrmex. BREGMATOMYRMINI (tribe of Formicinae) B r e g m a t o m y r m i i Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 5 [as tribe of Formicinae]. Type-genus: Bregmatomyrma. B r e g m a t o m y r m i n i : Bolton, 1994: 50 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix]. Included g e n u s : Bregmatomyrma. CALYPTOMYRMECENT (junior s y n o n y m of Stenammini) Calyptomyrmecini DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 80 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: Calyptomyrmex. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stenannruni: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . CAMPONOTINI (tribe of Formicinae) C a m p o n o t i d a e Forel, 1878: 3 6 4 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Type-genus: Camponotus. C a m p o n o t i n a e : Forel, 1893a: 165 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Camponotii: Forel, 1893a: 165 [as tribe of Camponotinae]. Camponotini: Ashmead, 1905b: 384 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix]. Camponotini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 3 [as tribe of Formicinae]. Senior s y n o n y m of Polyrhachidini: Bolton, 1994: 50. Included genera: Calomyrmex, *Camponotites, Camponotus, *Chimaeromyrma, Dendromyrmex, *Drymomyrmex, Echinopla, Forelophilus, Notostigma, Opisthopsis, Overbeckia, Phasmomyrmex, Polyrhachis, *Pseudocamponotus. CARDIOCONDYLENI (junior s y n o n y m of Formicoxeriini) Cardiocondylini Emery, 1914a: 36 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Cardiocondyla. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothoracini: Bolton, 1982: 3 1 1 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formicoxemrii: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 .

Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa

9

CATAULACINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Cataulacii Emery, 1895J: 771 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-germs: Cataulacus. Cataulacinae: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as subfamily of Cryptoceridae]. Cataulacmi: Emery, 1914a: 39 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix; as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Revision of tribe: Bolton, 1974a: 1. Included g e n u s : Cataulacus. CENTROMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini) CentxomyrmiciniEmery, 191 I d : 57 [as subtribe of Ponerini]. Type-genus: Centromymtex. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: B r o w n , 1953c: 9. CEPHALOTTNI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Cephalotini Smith, M.R. 1949c: 18 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Cephalotes. Revision of tribe: Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 1 ; Kempf, 1 9 5 2 : 1 ; Kempf, 1958a: 1; Kempf, 1973c: 4 6 1 . Senior s y n o n y m of Cryptoceridae: Smith, M.R. 1949c: 18. Included genera: Cephalotes, Eucryptocerus, Procryptocerus, Zacryptocerus. CERAPACHYINAE (subfamily of Formicidae) Cerapachysii Forel, 1893a: 162 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Cerapachys. Cerapachyinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185 [as "group" of Ponerinae.] Cerapachyinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 51 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Cerapachyidae: Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 4 6 [as family of Formicoidea]. Cerapachyinae: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 5 (in key) [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Cerapachyinae: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 4 [as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of P o n e r i n a e ] . Cerapachyinae: Bolton, 1990a: 66 [revived from syn­ o n y m y as subfamily of Formicidae]; Bolton, 1990c: 1356; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 3 1 6 . Revision of tribes: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 . Included tribes: Acanthosticmrii, Cerapachyini, Cylmdromyrmecini. Note. Material originally included u n d e r t h e unavail­ able n a m e Prodorylinae is referable to Cerapachyinae: Bolton, 1990a: 6 6 . CERAPACHYINI (tribe of Cerapachyinae) Cerapachysii Forel, 1893a: 162 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Cerapachys. Cerapachyi: Emery, 1895J: 7 6 5 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Cerapachyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix; as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Cerapachyini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 638 [as tribe of Cerapachyinae]. Cerapachyini: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 4 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Cerapachyini: Bolton, 1990a: 67 [as tribe of Cerapachyinae]. Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 4 . Senior s y n o n y m of Eusphinctinae: Bolton, 1990a: 66. Lioponerini (type-genus included in Cerapachyini by B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 9 , b u t n o t formally synonymised): Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 9 . Included genera: Cerapachys, Simopone, Sphinctomyrmex.

10

Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa

CHELIOMYRMECINI (tribe of E d t o n i n a e ) CheHomyrmicini Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 2 I d : 319 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Type-genus: Cheliomyrmex. Cheliomyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 2 5 6 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. CheMomyrmecini: Bolton, 1990c: 1357 [as tribe of Edtoninae]. Revision of tribe: Borgmeier, 1955: 5 8 . I n d u d e d g e n u s : Cheliomyrmex. CREMATOGASTRINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Cremastogastrii Forel, 1893a: 164 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Crematogaster. Crematogastrii: Emery, 1895J: 7 6 9 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. Crematogastrini: Emery, 1914a: 37 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. I n d u d e d g e n u s : Crematogaster. CRYPTOCERIDAE (junior s y n o n y m of Cephalotini) Cryptoceridae Smith, F. 1 8 5 4 : 2 1 4 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Cryptocerus (junior syn­ o n y m of Cephalotes). Cryptoceridae: Emery, 1877a: 72 [as "group" of Myrmicinae]. Cryptocerii: Forel, 1893a: 164; Emery, 1 8 9 5 j : 7 6 3 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Cryptoceridae: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 3 [as family]. Cryptocerini: Emery, 1914a: 39 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix; as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cephalotini: Smith, M.R. 1949c: 18. CYLINDROMYRMECINI (tribe of Cerapachyinae) Cylmdromyrmii Emery, 1901a: 3 4 [as tribe of Dorylinae].Type-genus: Cylindromyrmex. Cylmdromyimicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. C y l m d r o m y r r m d n i : Emery, 191 I d : 14 [as tribe of P o n ­ erinae]. C y t o d r o m y r m e c m i : B r o w n , 1975: 36 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing]C y M d r o m y r m e c i n i : Bolton, 1990a: 67 [as tribe of Cerapachyinae]. Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1975: 3 6 . I n d u d e d g e n u s : Cylindromyrmex. DACETTTI (junior s y n o n y m of Dacetini) Dacetiti B r o w n , 1952g: 10 (footnote); B r o w n , 1954b: 4 6 5 (definition) [as subtribe of Dacetini]. Typegenus: Daceton. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & De A n d r a d e , 1994: 9. DACETTNI (tribe of Myrmicinae) DacetoniniForel, 1892d: 3 4 4 [as genus g r o u p ] . Typeg e n u s : Daceton. Dacetonii: Forel, 1893a: 164 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Dacetii: Emery, 1895j: 7 7 0 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. Dacetini: Emery, 1914a: 13; Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 6 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. Revisionary studies: see publications of B r o w n , W.L.,Jr. Senior s y n o n y m of Dacetiti, Epopostrnmiti, Orectognathiti, Strurnigeniti: Baroni Urbani & De A n d r a d e , 1994: 9. I n d u d e d genera: Acanthognathus, Asketogenys, Chelystruma, Cladarogenys, Codiomyrmex, Codioxenus, Colobostruma, Daceton, Dorisidris, Dysedrognathus,

Epitritus, Epopostruma, Glamyromyrmex, Gymnomyrmex, Kyidris, Mesostruma, Microdaceton, Neostruma, Orectognathus, Pentastruma, Quadristruma, Serrastruma, Smithistruma, Strumigenys, Tingimyrmex, Trichoscapa. DIMORPHOMYRMn (junior s y n o n y m of Gesomymedni) D i m o r p h o m y r m i i Emery, 1895j: 7 7 2 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Dimorphomyrmex (junior s y n o n y m of Gesomyrmex). D i m o r p h o m y r m i d n i : Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 2 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. D i m o r p h o m y m f i d n i : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 3 [as tribe of Formicinae]. D i m o r p h o m y r m i d n i : Emery, 1925b: 39 [incorrectly as senior s y n o n y m of G e s o m y r m e d n i ] . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of G e s o m y r m e d n i : Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 12. DISCOTHYRTNAE (junior s y n o n y m of Proceratiini) Discothyrinae Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 5 (in key) [as subfamily of Formicinae]. Type-genus: Discothyrea. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of E r t a t o m m i n i : Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 ; of Proceratiini: Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 2 (implied b u t n o t stated). DOLICHODERINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ) Dolichoderidae Forel, 1878: 3 6 4 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Dolichoderus. Dolichoderinae: Forel, 1893a: 165 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Dolichoderidae: Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 7 1 [as family of Formicoidea]. Dolichoderinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 9 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] ; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 ; Shattuck, 1992b: 2 0 1 ; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1 9 9 2 : 3 1 6 . Revision of subfamily: Shattuck, 1992c: 1. Catalogue a n d bibliography of subfamily: Shattuck, 1994: 3 . Senior s y n o n y m of A n o n y c h o m y r m i n i , Axinidrini, Leptomyrrmcini, Liometopini, *Ktyomyrmecini, Tapmomini, *Zherichiniini: Shattuck, 1992c: 5. *Miomynnicini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 2 6 . I n d u d e d genera: Anillidris, Anonychomyrma, *Asymphylomyrmex, Axinidris, Azteca, Bothriomyrmex, Doleromyrma, Dolichoderus, Dorymyrmex, Ecphorella, *Elaeomyrmex, *Eotapinoma, Forelius, Froggattella, Iridomyrmex, *Kotshkorkia, Leptomyrmex, *Leptomyrmula, Linepithema, Liometopum, Loweriella, *Miomyrmex, Ochetellus, Papyrius, *Petraeomyrmex, Philidris, *Pityomyrmex, *Protazteca, Tapinoma, Technomyrmex, Turneria, *Zherichinius. Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­ able n a m e s Prodolichoderinae a n d Eudolichoderinae is referable to Dolichoderinae: Bolton, 1994: 2 7 . DORYLINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ) Dorylida Leach, 1 8 1 5 : 1 4 7 [as family-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Dorylus. Dorylidae: Haliday, 1836: 331 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Dorylinae: Forel, 1893a: 163 [as subfamily of Formiddae].

Dorylii: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895J: 7 5 8 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Dorylini: Ashmead, 1905b: 381 [ e m e n d e d spelling of

suffix]. Dorylidae: Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 4 6 [as family of Formicoidea]. Dorylinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 8 [as subfamily of Formicidae]; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 9 ; Bol­ t o n , 1990c: 1358; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992:316. Included genus: Dorylus. Note. Material originally included u n d e r t h e unavail­ able n a m e Eudorylinae is referable t o Dorylinae: Bolton, 1990c: 1358. D ORYLOZELTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini) Dorylozelini Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 6 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Dorylozelus (junior syn­ o n y m of Leptogenys). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Taylor, 1 9 6 9 : 1 3 2 . DREPANOGNATFflNI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini) Drepanogna1±rini A s h m e a d , 1905b: 382 [as tribe of Pachycondylinae]. Type-genus: Drepanognathns (junior s y n o n y m of Harpegnathos). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of H a i p e g n a l i i n i : Emery, 191 I d : 5 8 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 . ECITONINAE (subfamily of Formicidae) Ecitonii Forel, 1893a: 163 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Typeg e n u s : Eaton. Edtii: Emery, 1901a: 36 [ e m e n d e d s p e l l i n g ] . E d t o n i n a e : Ashmead, 1905b: 381 [as subfamily of Dorylidae]. E d t o n i n a e : B r o w n , 1973b: 166 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] ; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 3 1 7 . Revision of subfamily: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 5 : 1 5 ; Watkins, 1976: 1. I n d u d e d tribes: CheHomyrmecini, E d t o n i n i . ECrrONINI (tribe of E d t o n i n a e ) E d t o n i i Forel, 1893a: 163 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Typeg e n u s : Baton. E d t o n i n i : A s h m e a d , 1905b: 381 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Edtini: Emery, 1910b: 15 [ e m e n d e d spelling, as tribe of Dorylinae]. E d t o n i n i : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 633 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. E d t o n i n i : Bolton, 1990c: 1357 [as tribe of E d t o n i n a e ] . Revision of tribe: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 5 : 7 7 . I n d u d e d genera: Eaton, Labidus, Neivamyrmex, Nomamyrmex. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavailable n a m e Metadorylinae is referable in p a r t to E d t o n i n i : Bolton, 1990c: 1357. ECTATOMMINI (tribe of Ponerinae) E d a t o m m i i Emery, 1895j: 767 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Edatomma. E d a t o m m i n i : Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix]. Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1958g: 175. Phylogeny: Kugler, C. 1 9 9 1 : 1 5 3 (sting structure); Lattke, 1994: 105.

Senior s y n o n y m of Stictoponerini (type-genus i n d u d e d i n E d a t o m m i n i b y B r o w n , 1958g: 2 1 1 , b u t n o t for­ mally synonymised): Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 . I n d u d e d genera: Acanthoponera, Aulacopone, Ectatomma, *Eledroponera, Gnamptogenys, Heteroponera, Rhytidoponera, *Syntaphus. EPOPOSTRUMm (junior s y n o n y m of Dacetini) Epopostrurniti B r o w n , 1952g: 10 (footnote); B r o w n , 1954b: 4 6 5 (definition) [as subtribe of Dacetini]. Type-genus: Epopostruma. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & D e Andrade, 1994: 9. ERICAPELTTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini) EricapeltiniKusnezov, 1 9 5 5 : 2 7 5 [as subtribe of A m b l y o p o n i n i ] . Type-genus: Ericapelta (junior syn­ o n y m of Amblyopone). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 . EUCAMPONOTTNAE (unavailable n a m e ) E u c a m p o n o t i n a e Forel, 1912i: 8 8 [as "section" of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Section designated t o i n d u d e tribes Camponotini, Formicini, G e s o m y r m e d n i , Oecophyllini a n d PTenolepidini. Unavailable n a m e , n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to Forrmcinae: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . EUDOIICHODERINAE (unavailable n a m e ) Eudolichoderinae Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 7 [as "section" of Dolichoderinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e tribe Tapmomini. Unavailable n a m e , n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable t o Dolichoderinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 2 7 . EUDORYLINAE (unavailable n a m e ) Eudorylinae Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 9 [as "section" of Dorylinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e tribe Dorylini. Unavailable n a m e , n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to Dorylinae: Bolton, 1990c: 1 3 5 8 . EUFORMICINAE (unavailable n a m e ) Euformicinae Emery, 1925b: 37 [as "section" of Formicinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e tribes B r a c h y m y r m e d n i , Camponotini, D i m o r p h o m y r m i d n i , Formicini, Gigantiopini, Lasiini, Oecophyllini a n d Santschiellini. Unavailable n a m e , n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable t o Formicinae: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . EUMYRMICINAE (unavailable n a m e ) E u m y r m i d n a e Emery, 1914a: 35 [as "section" of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Section designated to i n d u d e all Myrmicinae except M e t a p o n i n i a n d Pseudomvrmecini. Unavailable n a m e , n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable t o Myrmicinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . EUPONERTNAE (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini) E u p o n e r i n a e Emery, 1909c: 355 [as "group" of P o n ­ erinae]. Type-genus: Euponera (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 . EUSPHMCTTNAE (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachyini) Eusphinctinae Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 5 (in key) [as subfamily

of F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Eusphinctus (junior syn­ o n y m of Sphindomyrmex). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachyini: Bolton, 1990a: 6 6 . EXAMBLYOPONINI (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini) E x a m b l y o p o n m i Donisthorpe, 1 9 4 9 g : 4 0 1 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Examblyopone (junior syn­ o n y m of Prionopelta). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini: B r o w n , 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 2 . EXEUPONEPJNAE (unavailable n a m e ) E x e u p o n e r i n a e Donisthorpe, 1943d: 4 3 8 [as "section" of P o n e r i n a e ] . Section designated to i n d u d e only Pseudoneoponera (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla). Unavailable n a m e , n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to Ponerini: Bolton, 1994: 164. FORMICIDAE (family of superiarnily Vespoidea) Formicariae Latreille, 1 8 0 9 : 1 2 4 [as family-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Formica. F o r m i d d a e : Stephens, 1829: 356 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. I n d u d e d subfamilies: Aenictinae, Aenirtogitoninae, A n e u r e t i n a e , Apomynriinae, *Armaniinae, Cerapachyinae, Dolichoderinae, Dorylinae, E d t o n i n a e , Formicinae, *Forrnidinae, Leptanillinae, Leptanilloidinae, Myrmeciinae, Myrmicinae, Nothomyrmeciinae, *Paleo s m i n t h u r i n a e , Ponerinae, P s e u d o m y r m e c i n a e , *Sphecomyrminae. Genera dubiously or p e r h a p s w r o n g l y placed in F o r m i d d a e : *Calyptites, Condylodon, *Cretacoformica, *Palaeomyrmex. *FORMICHNAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ) *Forrmciinae Lutz, 1 9 8 6 : 1 8 1 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: *Formicium. I n d u d e d g e n u s : *Formicium. FORMICINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ) Formicariae Latreille, 1 8 0 9 : 1 2 4 [as family-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Formica. F o r m i d d a e : Mayr, 1865: 6 [as subfamily of Formiddae]. Formicinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53 [as subfamily of Formiddae]. F o r m i d d a e : Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 7 3 [as family of Formicoidea]. Formicinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 9 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] ; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77; Shattuck, 1992b: 2 0 1 ; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317; Agosti, 1994a: 9 5 . Contribution towards revision of subfamily: Agosti, 1991:295. I n d u d e d tribes: Brachymyrmecim, Bregmatomyrmini, Camponotini, Formicini, G e s o m y r m e d n i , Gigantiopini, Lasiini, Melophorini, MyrmelacMstini, Myrmoteratini, Oecophyllini, Plagiolepidini, SantscMellini, *SicUomyrmecini. Formicinae g e n u s unplaced t o tribe: *lmhoffia. Formicinae collective group n a m e : *Formiates. Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­ able n a m e s AUoformidnae, E u c a m p o n o t i n a e , Euformicinae, H e t e r o f o r m i d n a e a n d M e s o c a m p o n o t i n a e is all referable to Formicinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 5 1 .

Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa

11

FORMICINI (tribe of Formicinae) Formicariae Latreille, 1 8 0 9 : 1 2 4 [as family-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Formica. Formicii: Forel, 1893a: 165 [as tribe of Camponotinae]. Fonnicim: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Formicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 3 [as tribe of Formicinae]. Review of tribe: Agosti, 1990b: 2 9 5 . Revision a n d phylogeny of tribe: Agosti, 1994a: 9 5 . Included genera: Alloformica, Bajcaridris, Cataglyphis, Formica, *Glaphyromyrmex, *Leucotaphus, Polyergus, Proformica, *Protoformica, Rossomyrmex. FORMICOXENINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Formicoxenii Forel, 1893a: 1 6 4 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: Formicoxenus. Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. Senior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondylini, Leptomoracini, Podomyrmini, Stereomyrrmtini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . Included genera: Ankylomyrma, Atopomyrmex, Cardiocondyla, Chalepoxenus, Dilobocondyla, Doronomyrmex, Epimyrma, Formicoxenus, Harpagoxenus, Ireneopone, Leptothorax, Paratopula, Peronomyrmex, Podomyrma, Poecilomyrma, Protomognathus, Romblonella, Rotastruma, Stereomyrmex, Terataner, Vombisidris, Willowsiella. Genera dubiously placed here: *Stigmomyrmex, Tricytarus. GESOMYRMECINI (tribe of Formicinae) Gesomyrmicinae Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as subfamily of Formicidae], Type-genus: Gesomyrmex. Gesomyrmicini: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as tribe of Gesomyrmicinae]. G e s o m y r m e d n i : Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 2 5 8 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. Senior s y n o n y m of Gesomyrrnini Forel: Bolton, 1994: 50. D i m o r p h o m y r m i i : Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 12. Included genera: Gesomyrmex, *Prodimorphomyrmex. GESOMYRMESfl (junior s y n o n y m of t h e above; described as n e w i n d e p e n d e n t l y of Ashmead, 1905b) Gesomyrrnini Forel, 1912i: 89 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Gesomyrmex. Gesomyrmicini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 693 [emended spelling of suffix]. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of G e s o m y r m e d n i Ashmead: Bolton, 1994: 50. GIGANTIOPINI (tribe of Formicinae) Gigantiopini Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as tribe of Gesomyrmicinae]. Type-genus: Gigantiops. Gigantiopini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 692 [as tribe of Formicinae]. Included genus: Gigantiops. HARPEGNATHU (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini) Harpegnathii Forel, 1900c: 63 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Harpegnathos. Harpegnathini: Emery, 191 I d : 58 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix; as subtribe of Ponerini].

12

Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa

Senior s y n o n y m of Drepanognathini: Emery, 1911 d: 58. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1994: 164. HETEROFORMICINAE (unavailable n a m e ) Heteroformicinae Emery, 1925b: 35 [as "section" of Formicinae]. S e d i o n designated to include tribes M y r m e c o r h y n c h i n i a n d M y r m o t e r a t i m . Unavail­ able n a m e ; n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k taxon. Con­ tained material referable to Formicinae: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . *FIYPOPOMYRMICrTI (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidologetonini) * H y p o p o m y r m i d t i B r o w n , 1952g: 10 (footnote) [as subtribe of Dacetini]. Type-spedes: *Hypopomyrmex. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidologetonini: implied in B r o w n & Carpenter, 1 9 7 9 : 4 2 2 [ s y n o n y m y n o t directly stated b u t *Hypopomyrmex transferred to that tribe]. LASIINI (tribe of Formicinae) Lasiini Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as tribe of Formicinae]. Type-genus: Lasius. Senior s y n o n y m of Acanthomyopsini: Bolton, 1994: 50. Prenolepidii: Emery, 1925b: 212. Included genera: Acanthomyops, Euprenolepis, Lasius, Myrmecocystus, Paratrechina, Prenolepis, *Protrechina, Pseudolasius, Teratomyrmex. LEPTALEINAE (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmecinae) Leptaleinae Smith, M.R. 1951a: 7 8 8 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Type-spedes: Leptalea (junior syn­ o n y m of Pseudomyrmex). Junior s y n o n y m of P s e u d o m y r m e c i n a e : Smith, M.R. 1958c: 112. LEPTANILLINAE (subfamily of Formiddae) Leptanillini Emery, 1910b: 32 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Type-genus: Leptanilla. Leptanillinae: Wheeler, W.M. 1923f: 335 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] . Leptanillidae: Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 5 3 [as family of Formicoidea]. Leptanillinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 8 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] ; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317;Kugler, C. 1992: 1 0 3 . Revision of tribes: Bolton, 1990b: 2 6 7 . Included tribes: A n o m a l o m y r m i n i , Leptanillini. LEPTANILLINI (tribe of Leptanillinae) Leptanillini Emery, 1910b: 32 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Type-genus: Leptanilla. Leptanillini: Wheeler, W.M. 1923f: 335 [as tribe of Leptanillinae]. Leptanillini: Bolton, 1990b: 2 7 6 [as tribe of Leptanillinae]. Revision of tribe: Petersen, 1968: 577; Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 4 2 7 . Included genera: Leptanilla, Noonilla, Phaulomyrma, Scyphodon, Yavnella. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavailable n a m e Metadorylinae is referable in part to LeplxUiillini: Bolton, 1994: 70.

LEPTANUXOIDINAE (subfamily of Formicidae) Leptanilloidinae Bolton, in Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317. Type-genus: Leptanilloides. I n d u d e d g e n u s : Leptanilloides. LEPTOGENYSU (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini) Leptogenysii Forel, 1893a: 162 [as tribe of Ponerini]. Type-genus: Leptogenys. Leptogenyi: Emery, 1895J: 7 6 1 ; Emery, 1901a: 36 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. Leptogenyini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix]. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: B r o w n , 1963: 3. LEPTOMYRMICTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae) Leptomyrrmcini Emery, 1912g: 15 [as tribe of Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Leptomyrmex. Leptomyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c: 5. LEPTOTHORACINI (junior s y n o n y m of Formicoxenini) Leptothoracini Emery, 1914a: 38 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Leptothorax. Senior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondylini: Bolton, 1982: 311. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . LIOMETOPINT (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae) Liometopini DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 [as tribe of Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Liometopum. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c: 5. LIOPONERTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachyini) Lioponerini Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [as tribe of Pachycondylinae]. Type-genus: Lioponera (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachyini: Bolton, 1994: 19. LOPHOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidolini) Lophomynnicirii Emery, 1914a: 41 [as subtribe of Pheidologetonini]. Type-genus: Lophomyrmex. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidologetonini: Bolton, 1994: 106. Junior s y n o n y m of Pheidolini (implied b y Rigato, 1994: 5 1 , b u t n o t stated): n e w s y n o n y m y . MEGALOMYRMECrNI (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsidini) M e g a l o m y r m e d n i DIussky & Fedoseeva; 1987: 80 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: Megalomyrmex. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsidini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . MELISSOTARSINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Melissotarsii Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Melissotarsus. Melissotarsini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [emended spell­ ing of suffix]. Melissotarsini: Forel, 191 l h : 4 4 6 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. I n d u d e d genera: Melissotarsus, Rhopalomastix. MELOPHORINI (tribe of Formicinae) Melophorini Forel, 1912i: 8 8 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Melophorus.

Melophoririi: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 692 [as tribe of Formicinae]. Review of tribe: B r o w n , 1955d: 4 7 1 . Senior s y n o n y m of M y r m e c o r h y n d u n i : Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69. Included genera: Lasiophanes, Melophorus, Myrmecorhynchus, Notorious, Prolasius, Pseudonotoncus.

Myrmeciinae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [as subfamily of Poneridae]. Myrmeciinae: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 6 (in key) [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] . Included tribes: Myrmeciini, *Prionomyrmecini. Myrmeciinae genera unplaced to tribe: *Ameghinoia a n d *Cariridris.

MERANOPLINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Meranoplini Emery, 1914a: 37 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: Meranoplus. Review of tribe: Bolton, 1981a: 4 5 . Included genera: Meranoplus, *Parameranoplus.

MYRMECITNI (tribe of Myrmeciinae) Myrmeciidae Emery, 1877a: 71 [as "group" of

MESOCAMPONOTTNAE (unavailable n a m e ) M e s o c a m p o n o t i n a e Forel, 1912i: 8 8 [as "section" of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Section designated to include tribes Melophorini a n d Plagiolepidini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to Formicinae: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . METADORYLINAE (unavailable n a m e ) Metadorylinae Forel, 1917: 2 4 0 [as "section" of Dorylinae]. Section designated to include tribes E d t o n i n i a n d Leptanillini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material ref­ erable to E d t o n i n a e a n d Leptanillinae: Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Bolton, 1994: 7 0 . METAPONINI (tribe of Myrrmcinae) M e t a p o n i n i Forel, 191 l h : 4 4 7 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. Type-genus:Metapone.. Included genera: Liomyrmex, Metapone, Vollenhovia. Genus dubiously placed h e r e : Xenomyrmex. Note. Material originally referred to t h e unavailable n a m e P r o m y r m i d n a e is referable to Metaponini: Bolton, 1994: 106. *MIOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae) * M i o m y r m i d n i Carpenter, 1930: 51 [as tribe of Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: *Miomyrmex. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 2 6 . MONOMORIINI (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsidini) M o n o m o r i i n i Emery, 1914a: 4 1 [as subtribe of Solenopsidini]. Type-genus: Monomorium. M o n o m o r i i n i : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 80 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsidini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . MONOMORIINI (junior h o m o n y m a n d s y n o n y m of t h e above; j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsidini, described i n d e p e n d e n d y of Emery, 1914a) M o n o m o r i i n i Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 4 5 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Monomorium. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsidini: n e w s y n o n y m y . MYCETOMYRMICINAE (unavailable n a m e ) Mycetomyrmicinae Forel, 1917: 2 4 6 [as "section" of Myrmicinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e tribes Attini a n d Proattini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to Myrmicinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . MYRMECIINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ) Myrmeciidae Emery, 1877a: 71 [as "group" of M y r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmecia. M y r m e d i : Forel, 1893a: 162; Emery, 1895j: 7 6 6 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] .

M y r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmecia. M y r m e d i : Forel, 1893a: 162 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Myrmeciini: Emery, 191 I d : 17 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Mynneciini: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 3 [as tribe of Myrmeciinae]. Revisions: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 6 ; B r o w n , 1953j: 1; Ogata, 1991: 353; Ogata & Taylor, 1 9 9 1 : 1 6 2 3 . I n d u d e d genus: Myrmecia. Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­ able n a m e Paleoponerinae is referable to Myrmeciini: Bolton, 1994: 7 3 . MYRMECININI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Myrmecinini A s h m e a d , 1905b: 3 8 3 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmecina. Senior s y n o n y m of Archaeomyrmicini: B r o w n , 1971a: 2. I n d u d e d genera: Acanthomyrmex, Myrmecina, Perissomyrmex, Pristomyrmex. Genera dubiously placed h e r e : *Enneamerus, *Stiphromyrmex. MYRMECORHYNCHTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Melophorini) M y r m o r h y n c h i n i (sic) Wheeler, W.M. 1917f: 19 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmecorhynchus. M y r m e c o r h y n c h i n i : Emery, 1925b: 35 [ e m e n d e d spelling; as tribe of Formicinae]. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Melophorini: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69. MYRMELACHISTINI (tribe of Formicinae) MyrmelacMstini Forel, 1912i: 89 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmelachista. MyrmelacMstini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 3 [as tribe of Formicinae]. Included genus: Myrmelachista. MYRMICARUNI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Myrmicarii Forel, 1893a: 165 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmicaria. Mynmcariini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix]. Included g e n u s : Myrmicaria. MYRMICINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ) M y r m i d t e s Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1 8 3 5 : 1 6 9 [family-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Myrmica. M y r m i d d a e : Smith, F. 1 8 5 1 : 4 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. M y r m i d d a e : Mayr, 1862: 7 3 8 [as subfamily of Formiddae]. Myrmicinae: Forel, 1893a: 163 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. M y r m i d d a e : Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1058 [as family of Formicoidea].

Myrmicinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 8 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] ; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 79; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 3 1 7 . Included tribes: Agroecomyrmecini, Attini, Basicerotini, Blepharidattini, Cataulacini, Cephalotini, Crematogastrini, Dacetini, Formicoxenini, MeKssotarsini, Meranoplini, Metaponini, Myimecinini, Myrrnicariini, Myrrnicini, Ochetomyrmecini, P h a l a c r o m y r m e d n i , Pheidolini, Pheidologetonini, Solenopsidini, Stegomyrmecini, Stenammini, Tetramoriini. Genera of Myrmicinae unplaced to tribe: *Archimyrmex, *Attopsis, *Cephalomyrmex, *Electromyrmex, *Eocenidris, *Eoformica, *Eomyrmex, *Myrmicium, *Promyrmicium. Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­ able n a m e s E u m y r m i d n a e , Mycetomyrmicinae a n d PJiagiomyrmicinae is all referable to Myrmicinae: Bolton, 1994: 106. MYRMICINI (tribe of Myrrmcinae) M y r m i d t e s Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1 8 3 5 : 1 6 9 [family-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Myrmica. M y r m i d i : Forel, 1893a: 163 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. Myrrriicini: A s h m e a d , 1905b: 3 8 3 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. I n d u d e d genera: Eutetramorium, Hylomyrma, Manica, Myrmica, Pogonomyrmex. Genus dubiously placed h e r e : *Nothomyrmica. MYRMOTERATTNI (tribe of Formicinae) Myrmoteratii Emery, 1895j: 772 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmoteras. Myrmoteratini: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix; as tribe of Gesomyrmicinae]. Myrmoteratini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 692 [as tribe of Formicinae]. Senior s y n o n y m of Myrmoteratini Forel: n e w s y n o n ­ ymy. Revision of tribe: Moffett, 1985b: 1. Included g e n u s : Myrmoteras. Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­ able n a m e P r o c a m p o n o t i n a e is referable to Myrmoteratini: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . MYRMOTERATINI (junior h o m o n y m a n d s y n o n y m of t h e above; described as n e w i n d e p e n d e n t l y of Emery, 1895j) Myrmoteratini Forel, 19121: 88 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Myrmoteras. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmoteratini Emery: n e w s y n ­ onymy. NOTHOMYRMECUNAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ) N o t h o m y r m e d i n a e Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1 6 (in key) [as sub­ family of F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Nothomyrmecia. Nothomyrmeciini: B r o w n , 1953j: 1 [as tribe of Myrmeciinae]. Nothomyrmeciinae: Taylor, 1978a: 982 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] . Nothomyrmeciini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256 [as tribe of Myrmeciinae]. N o t h o m y r m e c i i n a e : Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 5; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 78; Bolton, 1990c: 1362; Holldobler & Wilson, 1 9 9 0 : 1 1 ; Baroni Urbani, Bolton & Ward, 1992: 317 [as subfamily of Formiddae].

Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa

13

NOTHOMYRMECIINAE (continued) Revision of subfamily: Taylor, 1978a: 9 7 9 . Included g e n u s : Nothomyrmetia. OCHETOMYRMECINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Ochetomyrmicim Emery, 1914a: 38 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Ochetomyrmex. Ochetomyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. Review of tribe: Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 6 6 . Included genera: Ochetomyrmex, Tranopelta. OCYMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidolini) Ocymyrmicini Emery, 1914a: 38 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Ocymyrmex. Ocymyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 [ e m e n d e d s p e l l i n g ] . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidolini: Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1281. ODONTOMACHEDAE (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini) O d o n t o m a c h i d a e Mayr, 1862: 7 0 8 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Type-genus: Odontomachus. Odontomachii: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895J: 7 6 8 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Odontomachidae: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [as family]. O d o n t o m a d t i n i : Emery, 1 9 l i d : 106 [ e m e n d e d s p e l l ­ ing of suffix; as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . O d o n t o m a c h i n a e : Clark, 1951: 15 (in key) [as subfam­ ily of Formicidae]. Odontomachiti: B r o w n , 1976a: 71 [as subtribe of Pon­ erini], a n d revision of subtribe. Odontomachini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 256; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 78; Holldobler & Wilson, 1 9 9 0 : 1 1 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1994: 164. OECOPHYLLINI (tribe of Formicinae) Oecophyllii Emery, 1895J: 772 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Oecophylla. Oecophyllini: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix]. Oecophyllini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 693 [as tribe of FonTucinae]. Senior s y n o n y m of Oecophyllini Forel: n e w s y n o n ­ ymy. Included g e n u s : Oecophylla. OECOPECYLLINI (junior h o m o n y m a n d s y n o n y m of t h e above; described as n e w i n d e p e n d e n t l y of Emery, 1895J) Oecophyllini Forel, 1912i: 89 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Oecophylla. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oecophyllini Emery: n e w s y n o n ­ ymy. ONYCHOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini) Onychomyrmicini A s h m e a d , 1905b: 382 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Onychomyrmex. Onychomyrrmcim: Emery, 191 I d : 96 [as subtribe of Ponerini]. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 . ORECTOGNATHITT (junior s y n o n y m of Dacetini) Orettognathiti B r o w n , 1952g: 10 (footnote); B r o w n , 1954b: 4 6 5 (definition) [as subtribe of Dacetini]. Type-genus: Orectognathus.

14

Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa

J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & De A n d r a d e , 1994: 9.

Pheidologetonini: Bolton, 1992: 38 [ e m e n d e d spell­

PACHYCONDYLINAE (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini) Pachycondylinae A s h m e a d , 1905b: 382 [as subfamily of P o n e r i d a e ] . Type-genus: Pachycondyla. Pachycondylini: Emery, 1911d: 59 [as subtribe of Pon­ erini], J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .

ing-] Review of tribe: Ettershank, 1966: 115. Senior s y n o n y m of *Hypopomyrmiciti: B r o w n & Car­ penter, 1 9 7 9 : 4 2 2 (by implication). Included genera: Adlerzia, Afroxyidris, Anisopheidole, Carebara, *Hypopomyrmex, Machomyrma, Oligomyrmex, *Oxyidris, Paedalgus, Pheidologeton. Genus dubiously placed h e r e : Recurvidris.

PALEOPONERINAE (unavailable n a m e ) Paleoponerinae Forel, 1917: 231 [as "section" of Pon­ erinae]. Section designated to include tribe Myrmeciini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to Myrmeciini: Bolton, 1994: 7 3 .

*PITYOMYRMECLNI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae) *Pityomyrmecini Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 98 [as tribe of Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: *Pityomyrmex. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c:

*PAXEOSMINTHURINAE (subfamily of Formicidae) *Paleosminthuridae Pierce & Gibron, 1 9 6 2 : 1 4 6 [as family of Collembola]. Type-genus: *Paleosminthurus. *Paleosminthuridae: Najt, 1 9 8 7 : 1 5 2 [transferred to Formicidae (incertaesedis)]. *Paleosminthurinae: Bolton, 1994: 187 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. PARAPONERINI (tribe of Ponerinae) Paraponerii Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Paraponera. Paraponerini: Emery, 191 I d : 27 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ectatommini: B r o w n , 1958g: 176; Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 . Tribe of P o n e r i n a e : Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 1 . Included g e n u s : Paraponera. PHALACROMYRMECINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Phalacromyrmecini Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 2 5 8 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Phalacromyrmex. Revision of tribe: Bolton, 1984: 3 7 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994:10. Phalacromyrmecini revived from s y n o n y m y : r e v i v e d status. Included genera: Ishakidris, Phalacromyrmex, Pilotrochus. PHEIDOLINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Pheidolidae Emery, 1877a: 72 [as "group" of Myrmicidae]. Type-genus: Pheidole. Pheidolii: Forel, 1893a: 165 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Pheidolini: Emery, 1914a: 35 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Senior s y n o n y m of Anergatidini: Bolton, 1994: 106. Aphaenogastrini: B r o w n , 1949a: 4 8 . Lophomyrrmcini: implied b y Rigato, 1994a: 51 b u t n o t stated; n e w s y n o n y m y . Ocymyrmicini: Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1 2 8 1 . Included genera: Aphaenogaster, Chimaeridris, Goniomma, Huberia, Kartidris, Lophomyrmex, Messor, Ocymyrmex, Oxyopomyrmex, *Paraphaenogaster, Pheidole. Genus dubiously placed h e r e : *Lonchomyrmex. PHEIDOLOGETONINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Pheidologetim Emery, 1914a: 38 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Pheidologeton.

5. PLAGIOLEPIDINI (tribe of Formicinae) Plagiolepisii Forel, 1886f: 2 1 2 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Plagiolepis. Plagiolepidii: Emery, 1893i: 635 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. Plagiolepidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix]. Plagiolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 3 [as tribe of Formicinae]. Included genera: Acropyga, Agraulomyrmex, Anoplolepis, Lepisiota, Plagiolepis, *Rhopalomyrmex, Stigmacros. PLATYTHYREINI (tribe of Ponerinae) Platythyrei Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: Platythyrea. Platythyreini: Emery, 191 I d : 2 8 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 4 . Included genera: Platythyrea, Probolomyrmex. PLECTROCTENTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Ponerini) PleCTrortenini Emery, 191 I d : 92 [as subtribe of Pon­ erini]. Type-genus: Plectroctena. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponerini: Bolton, 1994: 164. PODOMYRMINI (junior s y n o n y m of Formicoxenini) P o d o m y r m i n i Emery, 1922f: 2 3 6 [as subtribe of M y r m e c m i n i ] . Type-genus: Podomyrma. Podomyrmini: DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 79 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . POLYRHACHLDINI (junior s y n o n y m of Camponotini) Polyrhachidini Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 4 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Polyrhachis. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotini: Bolton, 1994: 50. PONERINAE (subfamily of Formicidae) Ponerites Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 185 [family-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Ponera. Poneridae: Smith, F. 1851: 6 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Poneridae: Mayr, 1862: 6 4 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Ponerinae: Forel, 1893a: 162 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Poneridae: Bernard, 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 4 2 [as family of Formicoidea]. Ponerinae: B r o w n , 1954e: 2 4 [as subfamily of Formicidae]; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 8 ; Baroni Urbani, B o l t o n & W a r d , 1992: 317.

Included tribes: Amblyoponini, E d a t o m m i n i , Paraponerini, Platymyreini, Ponerini, Proceratiini, Thaumatomyrmecini, TypUomvrmedni. Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­ able n a m e s P r o p o n e r i n a e a n d Taraxoponerinae is referable to Ponerinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 . PONERINI (tribe of Ponerinae) Ponerites Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1 8 3 5 : 1 8 5 [fam­ ily-group n a m e ] . Type-genus: Ponera. Ponerii: Forel, 1893a: 163; Emery, 1895j: 7 6 7 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Ponerini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. Senior s y n o n y m of Centtomyrmicini: B r o w n , 1953c: 9. Dorylozelini: Taylor, 1 9 6 9 : 1 3 2 . Leptogenysii: B r o w n , 1963: 3. *Archiponerini, Drepsmognathini, E u p o n e r i n a e , Harpegnathii, O d o n t o m a c h i d a e , Pachycondylinae, P l e d r o d e n i n i : Bolton, 1994: 164. I n d u d e d genera: Anochetus, *Archiponera, Asphindopone, Belonopelta, Centromyrmex, Cryptopone, Diacamma, Dinoponera, Dolioponera, Emeryopone, *Emplastus, Harpegnathos, Hypoponera, leptogenys. Myopias, Odontomachus, Odontoponera, Pachycondyla, Phrynoponera, Plectroctena, Ponera, *Ponerites, *Poneropsis, *Protopone, Psalidomyrmex, Simopelta, Streblognathus. Note. Material originally i n d u d e d u n d e r t h e unavail­ able n a m e E x e u p o n e r i n a e is referable to Ponerini: Bolton, 1994: 164. PRENOLEPLOII (junior s y n o n y m of Lasiini) Prenolepidii Forel, 19121:89 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Prenolepis. Prenolepidini: Emery, 1916b: 2 3 7 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. PTenolepidini: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 692 [as tribe of Formidnae]. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lasiini: Emery, 1925b: 2 1 2 . *PRIONOMYRMECINI (tribe of Mvrmeciinae) *Prionomyrmicini Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 2 5 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Type-genus: *Prionomyrmex. *Prionomyrmicini: B r o w n , 1954e: 22 [as tribe of Myrmeciinae]. * P r i o n o m y r m e d n i : Bolton, 1994; 7 3 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing]. I n d u d e d g e n u s : *Prionomyrmex. PROATTTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Stenammini) Proattini Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 2 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: Proatta. Review of tribe: Moffett, 1 9 8 7 : 4 4 4 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stenammini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . PROCAMPONOTTNAE (unavailable n a m e ) P r o c a m p o n o t i n a e Forel, 1912i: 88 [as "section" of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Section designated to include tribe Myrmoteratini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to M y n n o t e r a t i n i : Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . PROCERATIINI (tribe of Ponerinae) Proceratii Emery, 1895j: 7 6 5 [as tribe of Dorylinae]. Type-genus: Proceratium.

Proceratii: Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Proceratiini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [ e m e n d e d spelling of suffix]. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of E d a t o m m i n i : B r o w n , 1958g: 176; DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 78; Holldobler & Wil­ son, 1990: 10; Bolton, 1994: 164. Proceratiini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 2 5 6 ; Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 2 [as tribe of P o n e r i n a e ] . Senior s y n o n y m of Discothyrinae: Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 2 (implied b u t n o t stated). I n d u d e d genera: Discothyea, *Bradoponera, Proceratium. PRODOLICHODERINAE (unavailable n a m e ) Prodolichoderinae Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 7 [as "section" of Dolichoderinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e tribes Aneuretini, DoMchoderini a n d Leptomyrmicini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k taxon. Contained material referable to A n e u r e t i n a e a n d Dolichoderinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 5 , 27. PRODORYLTNAE (unavailable n a m e ) Prodorylinae Emery, 1909c: 355 [as " g r o u p " of Pon­ erinae]. Group designated to i n d u d e tribe Cerapadiyini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to Cerapachyinae: Bolton, 1990a: 66. PROMYRMICLNAE (unavailable n a m e ) Promyrmicinae Forel, 1911h: 4 4 6 [as "section" of P o n ­ erinae] . Section designated to i n d u d e tribe M e t a p o n i n i . Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n genus r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to Metaponini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . PTomyrmicinae: Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 0 [ i n c o r r e d expansion of t h e above unavailable n a m e to i n d u d e tribes M e t a p o n i n i a n d P s e u d o m y m r i n i ] . Unavailable name. P r o m y r m i d d a e : Bernard, 1951: 1053 [incorrectly treated as family, i n d u d i n g only tribe P s e u d o m y r m i n i ] . Unavailable n a m e . PROPONERINAE (unavailable n a m e ) P r o p o n e r i n a e Emery, 1909c: 355 [as "group" of Pon­ erinae]. Group designated to i n d u d e tribes Amblyoponini a n d Proceratiini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to Ponerinae: Bolton, 1994: 164. PSEUDOMYRMECINAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ) P s e u d o m y r m e c i n a e Smith, M.R. 1952a: 98 [as s u b ­ family of F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: Pseudomyrmex. Senior s y n o n y m of Leptaleinae: Smith, M.R. 1958c: 112. Pseudomyrroidae: Ward, 1990: 4 5 9 . Revision of subfamily: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 4 9 . I n d u d e d genera: Myrcidris, Pseudomyrmex, Tetraponera. PSEUDOMYRMLDAE (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmecinae) P s e u d o m y r m i d a e Forel, 1885a: 377 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Pseudomyrma (junior syn­ o n y m of Pseudomyrmex). Pseudomyrmii: Forel, 1893a: 164 [ e m e n d e d s p e l l i n g ] . Pseudomyrrninae: Emery, 1899c: 8 [as subfamily of Formiddae]. Pseudomyrmini: Emery, 1914a: 34; Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 0 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] .

Pseudomyrrninae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 632 [as sub­ family of F o r m i d d a e ] . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of P s e u d o m y r m e c i n a e : Ward, 1990: 459. RENEINI (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini) Reneini Donisthorpe, 1947d: 183 [as tribe of Pon­ erinae]. Type-genus: Renea (junior s y n o n y m of Prionopelta). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyoponini: B r o w n , 1953c: 1 1 . RHAGIOMYRMICINAE (unavailable n a m e ) Rhagiomyrmicinae Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 6 [as "section" of Myrmicinae]. Section designated to i n d u d e tribes Cataulacini, Cephalotini [=Cryptocerini] a n d Dacetini. Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable to Myrmicinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . SANTSCHIELLINI (tribe of Formicinae) SantscMellini Forel, 1917: 2 3 2 [as tribe of C a m p o n o t i n a e ] . Type-genus: Santschiella. Santscmellinl: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 4 [as tribe of Formicinae]. I n d u d e d g e n u s : Santschiella. *SICILOMYRMECINI (tribe of Formicinae) *Sicelomynnicmi Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 12 [as tribe of F o r m i d n a e ] . Type-genus: *Sitilomyrmex. *Sicilomyrmecim: B r o w n & Carpenter, 1 9 7 9 : 4 2 3 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. I n d u d e d genus: *Sialomyrmex. SOLENOPSIDINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Solenopsisii Forel, 1893a: 164 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Solenopsis. Solenopsidii: Emery, 1895j: 7 6 9 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. Solenopsidini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix]. Revisions of tribe: Ettershank, 1966: 73; Bolton, 1987: 263. Senior s y n o n y m of M e g a l o m y r m e d n i , M o n o m o r i i n i Emery: Bolton, 1994: 106. M o n o m o r i i n i Wheeler: n e w s y n o n y m y . I n d u d e d genera: Allomerus, Anillomyrma, Antichthonidris, Bondroitia, Carebarella, Diplomorium, Epelysidris, Megalomyrmex, Monomorium, Nothidris, Oxyepoecus, Phacota, Solenopsis. *SPHECOMYRMTNAE (subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ) *Sphecomyrminae Wilson & B r o w n , in Wilson, Carpen­ ter & B r o w n , 1967: 6 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] . Type-genus: *Sphecomyrma. *Sphecomyrmidae: DIussky, 1987: 132 [as family of Formicoidea]. *Sphecomyrminae: Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9; Car­ penter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 0 ; Bolton, 1994: 184 [as subfamily of F o r m i d d a e ] , I n d u d e d genera: *Baikuris, *Cretomyrma, * DIusskyidris, *Sphecomyrma. STEGOMYRMECINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Stegomyrmicini Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Stegomyrmex. Stegomyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 258 [emendedspelling]. Revision of tribe: Diniz, 1 9 9 0 : 2 7 7 . I n d u d e d g e n u s : Stegomyrmex.

Farxiily-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa

15

STENAMMINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) S t e n a m m i n i Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Stenamma. Stenammini: Emery, 192If: 52 [as subtribe of Pheidolini]. Stenamrmni: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. Senior s y n o n y m of Calyptomyrmecini, Proattini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . Included genera: Ancyridris, Bariamyrma, Ccdyptomyrmex, Cyphoidris, Dacatria, Dacetinops, Dicroaspis, Indomyrma, Lachnomyrmex, Lordomyrma, Proatta, Rogeria, Rostromyrmex, Stenamma, Tetheamyrma. Genera dubiously included h e r e : Adelomyrmex, Baracidris, *Ilemomyrmex, Mayriella. STEREOMYRMICINI (junior s y n o n y m of Formicoxenini) Stereomyrmicini Emery, 1914a: 36 [as tribe of M y r m i c i n a e ] . Type-genus: Stereomyrmex. Stereomyrmecini: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 257 [ e m e n d e d s p e l l i n g ] . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formicoxenini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . STICTOPONERTNI (junior s y n o n y m of Ectatommini) Stictoponerini Arnol'di, 1930d: 161 [as subtribe of E t f a t o m m i n i ] . Type-genus: Stictoponera (junior syn­ o n y m of Gnamptogenys). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ectatomrnini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 .

STRUMIGENJTT (junior s y n o n y m of Dacetini) Strumigeniti B r o w n , 1952g: 10 (footnote); B r o w n , 1954b: 4 6 5 (definition) [as subtribe of Dacetini]. Type-genus: Strumigenys. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dacetini: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 9.

Senior s y n o n y m of Anergatini, Teleutomyrmini: Bol­ t o n , 1994: 106. Included genera: Anergates, Decamorium, Rhoptromyrmex, Secostruma, Strongylognathus, Teleutomyrmex, Tetramorium.

TAPINOMINI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae) Tapmomini Emery, 1912g: 17 [as tribe of Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: Tapinoma. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c: 5.

T h a u m a t o m y r m i i Emery, 1901a: 36 [as tribe of Pon­ erinae] . Type-genus: Thaumatomyrmex. T h a u m a t o m y r m i c i n i : Emery, 191 I d : 4 8 [emended spelling of suffix]. T h a u m a t o m y n n e c i n i : Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1 9 8 5 : 2 5 6 [ e m e n d e d spelling]. Revisions of tribe: Kempf, 1975b: 95; Longino, 1988: 35. Included g e n u s : Thaumatomyrmex.

TARAXOPONERTNAE (unavailable n a m e ) Taraxoponerinae Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 1 [as "section" of Pon­ erinae]. Section designated t o include tribes Ectatommini, Paraponerini, Platythyreini, Pro­ ceratiini a n d T h a u m a t o m y r m e c m i . Unavailable n a m e ; n o t based o n g e n u s r a n k t a x o n . Contained material referable t o Ponerinae: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 . TELEUTOMYJUVIINT (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramoriini) Teleutomyrmini Kutter, 1950a: 81 [as subtribe of Tetramoriini]. Type-genus: Teleutomyrmex. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramoriini: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . TETRAMORIINI (tribe of Myrmicinae) Tetramorii Emery, 1895j: 7 7 0 [as tribe of Myrmicinae]. Type-genus: Tetramorium. TeTramoriini: Ashmead, 1905b: 383 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing of suffix]. Revisions of tribe: Bolton, 1 9 7 6 : 2 8 1 ; Bolton, 1980: 193.

16

Family-Group (Suprageneric) Taxa

THAUMATOMYRMECINI (tribe of Ponerinae)

TYPHLOMYRMECINI (tribe of Ponerinae) TypUomyrrmcini Emery, 1911 d: 32 [as subtribe of Ectatonmiini]. Type-genus: Typhlomyrmex. T y p M o m y r m i d n i : B r o w n , 1953a: 104 [as tribe of Pon­ erinae]. TvpMomyrmecini: B r o w n , 1965c: 65 [ e m e n d e d spell­ ing! • Revision of tribe: B r o w n , 1965c: 65. Included g e n u s : Typhlomyrmex. *ZHERICHTNirNI (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae) *Zherichiiuini DIussky, 1988: 56 [as tribe of Dolichoderinae]. Type-genus: *Zherichinius. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderinae: Shattuck, 1992c: 5.

Catalogue of Genus-Group Taxa

L a y o u t of t h e c a t a l o g u e The provisions of the International Code ofZoological Nomenclature (Third Edition, 1985) are applied throughout this alphabetically arranged catalogue. Each name is immediately followed by information in pa­ rentheses on the current status of, or the subfamily and tribal place­ ment of, the taxon in question. The notes on the current status, including junior synonyms, junior homonyms, subgeneric names, etc., provide a cross-reference within the catalogue of genus-group taxa. Inclusion of subfamily and tribal names, along with the currently valid genusrank taxa, allows the name to be referred back to the catalogue of family-group taxa. Subsequent entries list references for the follow­ ing, not all of which, after the second, may be applicable to any single name: i. The original description, designation, or nomination of the taxon. ii. The type-species of the taxon, together with synonymic or homonymic data concerning the type-species, where appropriate. iii. Changes in rank of the taxon, in date order. iv. Homonymy, or senior or junior synonymy, of the taxon. v. References to any revision, review, or key concerning the taxon. vi. List of lower-ranking taxa currently included within a higherranking taxon, in alphabetical order and with synonyms and homonyms indicated. References to synonymies are repeated under both senior and jun­ ior names, as these may be widely separated in the catalogue. The earliest reference to a synonymy is always given. Where further refer­ ences are included they present additional information, confirmation, or other data. Similarly, full data on junior homonyms are given, together with directions to the appropriate replacement names, where some of the information may be repeated. Nomina nuda and other taxonomi­ cally unavailable names are indicated as such and are followed by references or notes explaining their provenance and dispersal, where the latter is feasible. Serious misspellings are entered in the catalogue in square brackets, and a note under the correctly spelled entry directs the reader's atten­

tion toward the misspelling. Simple typographical errors, which are unlikely to cause confusion, have usually been ignored, but some commonly perpetrated errors are included. Misspellings and deliber­ ate emendations of spellings are differentiated. In general, any secon­ dary spelling that is at variance with the original is treated as a misspelling unless its author has given a definite indication that an emendation in spelling is intended. Such emendations are regarded as justified or unjustified, according to the evidence of each case. As in the catalogue of family-group names, no attempt has been made to record every occurrence of a n a m e throughout the entire ant literature. Such a process would amass vast lists and enormous num­ bers of references, the majority of which would not convey any n e w information. The principal aim here is to provide a concise, useful, and accurate guide, rather than an exhaustive but mostly sterile list. Therefore, references initiating new taxa, synonymy, homonymy, etc., are all presented, but following these only references conveying new, additional, modified, or synoptic information are recorded. References to reviews, revisions, and keys pertairring to whole genera or recognised subdivisions of genera throughout their k n o w n range, and studies of genus-group names applied to an entire zoogeographical region, are included. References to keys for small areas, for in­ stance to a single genus in a single European country, are not nor­ mally given, but exceptions are made where such studies include radical new information or where a large genus has only been studied in a limited area. For a list of faunal studies the reader is referred to the introduction. In general only relatively recent keys (post-1950) have been in­ cluded as references. This is mainly because earlier keys laboured under the weird and worthless pentanomial system of ant nomencla­ ture and are, by modern standards, clogged with unavailable infrasubsperific names. If early keys retain some value they have been in­ cluded but are followed by the statement "out of date" where necessary. The symbol * preceding a name indicates that the taxon is known only from the fossil record. At the initial entry for each genus-group name the following typography is used: i. BOLD ITALIC CAPITALS indicate a currently valid name of genus or subgenus rank. To distinguish the two, all names

currently accepted at the rank of subgenus are preceded by the symbol #. Li. ITALIC CAPITALS indicate all other names in the genus-group, including junior synonyms, junior homonyms, nomina nuda, unavailable names, ichnotaxa, misspellings and unjustified emendations.

R e c e n t w o r l d lists of g e n e r a Brown (1973b) published a list of world genera indicating all the names that he considered to be synonyms. He stressed, however, that these synonymies were provisional, termed them "projected synony­ mies," and accepted that some would be rejected when detailed analysis was carried out. In the present catalogue these proposals of Brown's are listed as "provisional junior synonym" where each occurs. When further work has either confirmed or rejected the provisional synon­ ymy, the reference for that study is given. Where no additional infor­ mation has accrued, the Brown entry is followed by the note " (uncon­ firmed)." Later lists of genera, produced by Snelling (1981) and Holldobler & Wilson (1990), used the Brown (1973b) paper as their template, with one important difference: the provisional synonyms of Brown are rendered as definite in both these publications, though none of the synonymies is claimed as n e w in either list. Both these lists are to a large extent ignored here, being noted only w h e n they present infor­ mation which is n e w or radically at variance with the Brown list. The main result of this action is to deny the synonymy of subgenera in a number of speciose genera, such as Camponotus and Polyrhachis. Whilst feeling sure that Brown's provisional synonymies will in most cases prove to be justified, I consider that confirmation of synonymy

T h e c a t a l o g u e of g e n u s - g r o u p t a x a ACALAMA (junior s y n o n y m of Gauromyrmex) Acalama Smith, M.R. 1949a: 2 0 6 . Type-spedes: Acalama donisthorpei (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia acanthinus), by original designation. Acalama j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gauromyrmex: B r o w n , 1953c: 10. [Gauromyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: B r o w n , 1973b: 178; confirmed by Bol­ ton, 1994: 105]. ACAMATUS (junior h o m o n y m , see Neivamyrmex) Acamatus Emery, 1894c: 181 [as s u b g e n u s of Eciton]. Type-spedes: Eciton (Acamatus) schmitti (junior syn­ o n y m of Neivamyrmex nigrescens), by s u b s e q u e n t des­ ignation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 157. [Junior h o m o n y m of Acamatus Schoenherr, 1833: 20 (Coleoptera).] Neivamyrmex Borgmeier, 1940: 606, re­ p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Acamatus Emery. ACANTHWRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Rhopalothrix) Acanthidris Weber, 1941a: 1 8 8 . Type-spedes: Acanthidris isthmicus, by original designation. Acanthidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhopalothrix: B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 2 3 0 . ACANTHOCLINEA (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus)

18

Genus-Group Taxa

should rest upon analysis or definitive statement, rather than merely upon inclusion in a later list. The treatment of genus-group synonymies included in post-1973 catalogues (e.g. Smith, D.R. (1979); Taylor & Brown, D.R. (1985)), as opposed to simple lists, is at variance to the above. Synonymies re­ corded in catalogues are regarded here as corrfirming or denying the validity of Brown's (1973b) provisional synonyms. Such a decision may seem arbitrary but it is necessary, as catalogues present much more and more detailed information than lists do, which amounts to the making of a definitive statement. For example, Taylor & Brown, D.R. (1985) are considered to have confirmed the synonymy of Dacryon with Podomyrma by including all the species-group taxa origi­ nally assigned to the former under the latter name. Smith, D.R (1979) accepts Brown's synonymy of the subgenera of Pheidole by listing all taxa under one heading, but denies the synonymy of the subgenera of Camponotus and Lasius by cataloguing each subgenus and its contents separately. Finally, a word must be said about the treatment of genera in the idiosyncratic and very unsatisfactory list given by Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1985). This appears to have been written without regard for, or perhaps in ignorance of, most preceding revisionary studies, although it is quoted as being "up to date accorciing to our views." In the list large numbers of genera are resurrected from synonymy, ap­ parently at whim. Others are returned to tribes from which they had expressly been excluded by earlier revisors, and still others are given as "incertae sedis" w h e n their taxonomic position has previously been worked out. The number of such unjustified emendations, especially in the Myrmicinae, is regrettably large. In view of all these anomalies and anachronisms, I have chosen to omit this publication from refer­ ence in the generic catalogue which follows, whilst drawing attention to its existence here.

Acanthoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-spedes: Dolichoderus doriae, by original designation. Acanthoclinea raised to g e n u s : B r o w n , 1950e: 2 4 9 . Acanthoclinea provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: B r o w n , 1973b: 178. Acanthoclinea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 9 3 ; Shattuck, 1992c: 66. ACANTHOGNATHUS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Acanthognathus Mayr, 1887: 5 7 8 . Type-spedes: Acanthognathus ocellatus, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus: B r o w n & Kempf, 1969: 8 7 . ACANTHOLEPIS (junior h o m o n y m , see Lepisiota) Acantholepis Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 4 2 . Type-spedes: Hypoclinea frauenfeldi, b y m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of AcantholepisKroyer, 1 8 4 6 : 9 8 (Pisces)]. Lepisiota Santschi, 1926a: 15; previously s u b g e n u s of Acantholepis Mayr, first available r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e . [Achantilepis: see below.] ACANTHOMYOPS (Formicinae: Lasiini) Acanthomyops Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 6 9 9 . Type-spedes: Formica clavigera, by m o n o t y p y . Acanthomyops j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Lasius: Mayr, 1866b: 8 8 8 . Acanthomyops revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Lasius: Emery, 1893i: 642. Acanthomyops incorrectly as senior s y n o n y m of Lasius: Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 6 0 ; Donisthorpe, 1916c: 2 7 6 . Acanthomyops subgenus of

Formicina: Forel, 1917: 2 4 9 . Acanthomyops subgenus of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Emery, 1925b: 226. Acanthomyops revived status as g e n u s : Creighton, 1950a: 4 2 6 . Key to q u e e n s : Buren, 1950: 188. Revision of g e n u s : Wing, 1968: 3. A CANTHOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: M y r m e d n i n i ) Acanthomyrmex Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi. Type-spedes: Acanthomyrmex luciolae, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 1 9 1 . [Acanthomyrmex also described as n e w b y Emery, 1893f: 244.] Revision of g e n u s : Moffett, 1986c: 5 5 . ACANTHOPONERA (Ponerinae: E d a t o m m i n i ) Acanthoponera Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 3 2 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-spedes: Ponera mucronata, by sub­ s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 158. Acanthoponera raised to g e n u s : Emery, 1895g: 3 4 6 ; Emery, 1911d: 3 5 . Revision of g e n u s : Brown, 1958g: 188. See also: Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 0 . ACANTHOSTICHUS (Cerapachyinae: Acanmostichini) Acanthostichus Mayr, 1887: 549. Type-spedes: Typhlopone serratula, by m o n o t y p y . Key to s p e d e s : Wheeler, W.M. 1934g: 162; see also Kusnezov, 1962a: 121;Kempf, 1964c: 2 6 3 . Review of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 4 1 . Acanthostichus senior s y n o n y m of Ctenopyga: MacKay, in preparation.

[ACHANTILEPIS (niisspelling) Achantilepis Santschi, 1935b: 274, incorrect sub­ s e q u e n t spelling of Acantholepis.] ACIDOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex) Acidomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 191 [as s u b g e n u s of Rhoptromyrmex]. Type-species: Rhoptromyrmex wroughtonii, by original designation. Acidomyrmex raised t o genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 664. Acidomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex: B r o w n , 1964c: 1 1 ; see also Bolton, 1986a: 2. ACROCOELIA (junior s y n o n y m of Crematogaster) Acrocoelia Mayr, 1853a: 147. Type-species: Acrocoelia ruficeps (junior s y n o n y m of Crematogaster scutellaris), by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 158. Acrocoelia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: Mayr, 1 8 6 3 : 4 0 4 ; Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 158; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 8 2 8 . Acrocoelia revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Crematogaster: Emery, 1922e: 140. Acrocoelia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogas­ ter: Buren, 1 9 5 9 : 1 2 6 . Acrocoelia revived from s y n o n ­ y m y as g e n u s : Soulie, 1964: 3 9 8 . Acrocoelia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 8 . [The type-species of Acrocoelia a n d Crematogaster are syn­ o n y m o u s , t h e generic s y n o n y m y is therefore abso­ lute.] ACROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Attini) Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865: 83 [as subgenus of Atta]. Type-species: Formica hystrix, b y m o n o t y p y . Acromyrmex raised to g e n u s : Emery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 5 1 . K e y to species: Santschi, 1925a: 388 (out of date). Revi­ sion of Brazilian fauna: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 1 3 . Par­ tial revision of g e n u s : Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 8 1 . Bibliography: Cherrett & Cherrett, 1 9 8 9 : 1 . Sub­ genera of Acromyrmex: norninal plus Moellerius. ACROPYGA (Formicinae: Plagiolepidini) Acropyga Roger, 1862a: 2 4 2 . Type-species: Acropyga acutiventris, by m o n o t y p y . Key t o Neotropical spe­ cies: Weber, 1944: 9 1 . Subgenera of Acropyga: n o m i ­ n a l plus Atopodon, Malacomyrma, Rhizomyrma. *ACROSTIGMA (junior s y n o n y m of Podomyrma) *Acrostigma Emery, 1891a: 149 [as subgenus of Podomyrma]. Type-species: *Podomyrma (Acrostigma) mayri, by m o n o t y p y . *Acrostigma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Podomyrma: Daiia Torre, 1893: 159. ACROSTIGMA (junior h o m o n y m , see Stigmacros) Acrostigma Forel, 1902h: 4 7 7 [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. Type-species: Acantholepis (Acrostigma) froggatti, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 158. [Junior h o m o n y m of *Acrostigma Emery, 1891a: 149, above.] Stigmacros Forel, 1905b: 179, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Acrostigma Forel. ADELOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Stenammini?) Adelomyrmex Emery, 1897c: 590. Type-species: Adelomyrmex biroi, by m o n o t y p y . Adelomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Apsychomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 18. Adelomyrmex provisional senior s y n o n y m of Arctomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 178; confirmed Bolton, 1994: 106. ADETOMYRMA (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini) Adetomyrma Ward, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 0 . Type-species: Adetomyrma venatrix, by original designation. ADFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Coptoformica) Adformica Lomnicki, 1925a: 164 [as subgenus of For­ mica] . Type-species: Formica exsecta, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Donisthorpe, 1927b: 316. Adformica

j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Coptoformica: Stitz, 1939: 306. [Coptoformica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formka: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448.] ADLERZIA (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini) Adlerzia Forel, 1902h: 4 4 5 [as subgenus of Monomor­ ium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Adlerzia) froggatti, by m o n o t y p y . Adlerzia raised to g e n u s : B r o w n , 1952j: Ylii. Adlerzia senior s y n o n y m of Stenothorax: B r o w n , 1952a: 110. AENICTOGITON (Aenictogitoninae) Aenictogiton Emery, 1901d: 4 9 . Type-species: Aenictogiton fossiceps, b y m o n o t y p y . Key t o species: Santschi, 1924b: 200. Review of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1975:43. AENICTUS (Aenictinae) Aenictus Shuckard, 1840b: 2 6 6 . Type-species: Aenictus ambiguus, by original designation. Aenictus senior s y n o n y m of Typhlatta: Forel, 1890b: riii. Aenictus senior s y n o n y m of Par aenictus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 4 . Key to Indo-Australian species: Wilson, 1964a: 4 3 6 ; see also Gotwald, 1982: 157. [Enictus Walker, 1860: 306; Smith, F. 1 8 6 5 : 7 9 ; incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spell­ ings.] AEROMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex) Aeromyrma Forel, 1891b: 198. Type-species: Aeromyrma nosindambo, by m o n o t y p y . [Aeromyrma also described as n e w b y Forel, 189 l a : cccvii; n o speciesr a n k taxa n a m e d . ] Aeromyrma subgenus of Oligomyrmex:Emery, 1915c: 59 (footnote). Aer­ omyrma revived status as g e n u s : Arnold, 1 9 1 6 : 2 5 6 ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 882. Aeromyrma subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 2 1 5 . Aeromyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 9 . Key t o Afrotropical species: Weber, 1 9 5 2 : 1 1 . AETHIOPOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex) Aethiopopone Santschi, 1930a: 4 9 . Type-species: Sphinctomyrmex rufiventris, by m o n o t y p y . Aethiopopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex: Bol­ t o n , 1973a: 3 4 1 ; B r o w n , 1975: 3 1 . AFROXYIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini) Afroxyidris Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 6 3 1 . Type-species: Afroxyidris crigensis, by original designation. AGRA ULOMYRMEX (ForTnidnae: Plagiolepidini) AgraulomyrmexPfms, 1 9 8 3 : 2 . Type-spedes: Agraulomyrmexmeridionalis, b y original designation. *AGROECOMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae: Agroecomyrmedni) *Agroecomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 56. Type-spe­ d e s : *Myrmica duisburgi, b y original designation. ttALAOPONE (subgenus of Dorylus) Alaopone Emery, 1881a: 2 7 4 . Type-spedes: Alaopone oberthueri (junior s y n o n y m of Dorylus orientalis), by subsequent designation of Emery, 1910b: 15. Alaopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 9. Alaopone revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­ n u s of Dorylus: Emery, 1895i: 7 0 2 . Alaopone senior s y n o n y m of Shuckardia: Emery, 1910b: 14. Alaopone provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorylus: B r o w n , 1973b: 178 (unconfirmed). ALFARIA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Alfaria Emery, 1896e: 177 (diagnosis in k e y ) . Types p e d e s : Alfaria simulans, b y original designation. [Alfaria also described as n e w by Emery, 1896g: 41.] Alfaria senior s y n o n y m of Opisthoscyphus: B r o w n , in

Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 5 . Alfaria j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g: 2 1 1 . ALISTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Colobostruma) Alistruma B r o w n , 1948e: 117. Type-spedes: Epopostruma foliacea, by original designation. Alistruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Colobostruma: Brown, 1959c: 1. ALLOFORMICA (Formicinae: F o r m i d n i ) Alloformica DIussky, 1969a: 219 [as subgenus of Proformica] . Type-spedes: Formica aberrans, b y original designation. Alloformica provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Proformica: B r o w n , 1973b: 178. Alloformica raised to g e n u s : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 ; m a i n ­ tained as genus: Agosti, 1 9 9 1 : 2 5 9 ; Agosti, 1994a: 99. ALLOMERUS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) Allomerus Mayr, 1878: 8 7 3 . Type-spedes: Allomerus decemarticulatus, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 158. Reviews of genus: Ettershank, 1966: 111;Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 8 2 . ALLOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Allopheidole Forel, 1912f: 237 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole kingi (junior syn­ o n y m of Pheidole tepicana), by s u b s e q u e n t designa­ tion of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 7 9 . Allopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Emery, 1921f: 84. AMAUROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton) Amauromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 1. Type-spedes: Amauromyrmex speculifrons (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton silenus), b y original designation. Amauromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 5 . AMBLYOPONE (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini) Amblyopone Erichson, 1 8 4 2 : 2 6 0 . Type-spedes: Amblyopone australis, by m o n o t y p y . Amblyopone senior s y n o n y m of Stigmatomma: E m e r y & Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 5 5 ; Mayr, 1 8 8 7 : 5 4 6 . Amblyopone senior syn­ o n y m of Arotropus: Piovancher, 1 8 8 7 : 2 4 0 . Amblyopone senior s y n o n y m of Amblyopopone: Forel, 1893a: 166; Emery, 191 I d : 2 5 . Amblyopone senior s y n o n y m of Neoomblyopone a n d Protamblyopone: B r o w n , 1949c: 8 7 . Amblyopone senior s y n o n y m of Arotropus, Ericapelta, Lithomyrmex Clark, Neoomblyopone, Protamblyopone, Stigmatomma (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Fulakora and Xymmer): B r o w n , 1960a: 155. Amblyopone provisional senior s y n o n y m of Paraprionopelta: B r o w n , 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed). Amblyopone senior s y n o n y m of Amblyopopona: Bolton, 1994: 164. Revision of genus: B r o w n , 1960a: 155. Key to M e d i t e r r a n e a n region: Baroni Urbani, 1978a: 4 1 ; t o Neotropical: Lattke, 1991b: 6 AMBLYOPOPONA (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone) Amblyopopona Schulz, 1 9 0 6 : 1 5 4 , unjustified e m e n d a ­ tion of Amblyopone. Amblyopopona j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 4 . AMBLYOPOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone) Amblyopopone Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 3 , unjustified e m e n ­ dation of Amblyopone. Amblyopopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone: Forel, 1 8 9 3 : 1 6 6 . *AMEGHINOIA ( M y i m e d i n a e : u n p l a c e d to tribe) *Ameghinoia Viana & H a e d o Rossi, 1 9 5 7 : 1 0 9 . Type-spe­ d e s : *Ameghinoia piatnitzkyi, by original designation.

Genus-Group Taxa

19

Plagiolepis-.Brown, 1973b: 178; confirmed Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . APSYCHOMYPMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Adelomyrmex) ApsychomyrmexYfheeler, W.M. 1910a: 2 6 1 . Type-spe­ cies: Apsychomyrmex myops, b y m o n o t y p y . Review of genus: Smith, M.R. 1947b: 4 6 8 . Apsychomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Adelomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 18. ^APTEROCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Apterocrema Wheeler, W.M. 1936c: 45 [as subgenus of . Crematogaster]. Type-species: Crematogaster (Apterocrema) atitlanica, by m o n o t y p y . Apterocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: Brown, 1973b: 178 (unconfirmed). APTEROSTIGMA (Myrmicinae: Attini) Apterostigma Mayr, 1865: 111.Type-species: Apterostigma pilosum, by m o n o t y p y . ARATROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia) Aratromyrmex Stitz, 1938: 105. Type-species: Aratromyrmex luctuosus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 6 2 5 . Aratromyrmex provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Liomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 178. Aratromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: Baroni Urbani, 1980a: 96. ARAUCOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Cdnomyrma) Araucomyrmex Gallardo, 1919b: 2 4 9 . Type-species: Dorymyrmex tener, by original designation. Araucomyrmex subgenus of Conomyrma: Santschi, 1922b: 3 6 5 . Araucomyrmex subgenus of Dorymyrmex: Kusnezov, 1952g: 4 2 8 . Araucomyrmex revived status as g e n u s : Kusnezov, 1959: 5 1 ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Kempf, 1972a: 2 5 . Araucomyrmexvrovisional junior s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 178. Araucomyrmex m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Snelling, 1975: 9. Araucomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Ammomyrma: Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 9 3 . Araucomyrmex j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Conomyrma: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 2 . [Con­ omyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 77.] ARCHAEOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmecina) Archaeomyrmex M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 4 8 . Type-species: Archaeomyrmex cacabau, by original designation. Archaeomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmecina: B r o w n , 1971a: 1. *ARCHAEOPONE (*Armaniinae) *Archaeopone DIussky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 2 0 . Type-species: *Archaeopone kzylzharica, by original designation. *Archaeopone transferred from P o n e r i n a e to *Armaniidae: DIussky, 1983: 66. *Archaeopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Wilson, 1987: 49; Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9. *Archaeopone revived from s y n o n y m y : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77; Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 1 . ARCHEATTA (junior s y n o n y m

oiAtta)

Archeatta Goncalves, 1942: 342 [as subgenus of Atta]. Type-species: Oecodoma mexicana, by original desig­ nation. Archeatta junior s y n o n y m of Atta: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 832; Weber, 1958a: 8. Archeatta revived from s y n o n y m y as s u b g e n u s of Atta, a n d revision of subgenus: Borgmeier, 1959b: 350. Archeatta provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: B r o w n , 1973b: 178; confirmed Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . *ARCHIMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: u n p l a c e d to tribe) *Archimyrmex Cockerell, 1923a: 52. Type-species: * Archimyrmexrostratus, by m o n o t y p y . * Archimyrmex

transferred from P o n e r i n a e t o Myrmicinae: Carpen­ ter, 1930: 16. *ARCEUPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini) *Archiponera Carpenter, 1 9 3 0 : 2 7 . Type-species: *Archiponera wheeleri, b y original designation. ARCTOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Adelomyrmex) Arctomyrmex M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 5 7 [as subgenus of Adelomyrmex]. Type-species: Adelomyrmex (Arctomyrmex) hirsutus, by original designation. Arctomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Adelomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 178; confirmed Bol­ ton, 1994: 106. *ARMANIA (*Armaniinae) *Armania DIussky, 1983: 67. Type-species: *Armania robusta, by original designation. *Armania j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Wilson, 1987: 49; Hdlldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9. *Armania revived from s y n o n y m y : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77; Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 1 . *ARMANIELLA (*Armaniinae) *Armaniella DIussky, 1983: 7 1 . Type-species: *Armaniella curiosa, by original designation. *Armaniella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Wil­ son, 1987: 49; Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9. *Armaniella revived from s y n o n y m y : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 ; Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 1 . ARNOLDIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Orectognathus) Arnoldidris Brown, 1950c: 143. Type-species: Orectognathus chyzeri, by original designation. Arnoldidris provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Orectognathus: Brown, 1973b: 178. Arnoldidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Orectognathus: Taylor, 1977: 5 8 1 . AROTROPUS (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone) Arotropus Provancher, 1881a: 2 0 5 . Type-species: Arotropus binodosus (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone pallipes), by m o n o t y p y . Arotropus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone: Provancher, 1887: 2 4 0 . ASEMORHOPTRUM (junior s y n o n y m of Stenamma) Asemorhoptrum Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 76. Type-species: Myrmica lippula, by m o n o t y p y . Asemorhoptrum j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Stenamma: Andre, 1883a: 310. [Asemorhoptrum incorrectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Proatta: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 395, in e r r o r ] ASKETOGENYS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Asketogenys B r o w n , 1 9 7 2 : 2 3 . Type-species: Asketogenys acubecca, by original designation. [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] ASPHINCTOPONE (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Asphinctopone Santschi, 1914d: 3 1 8 . Type-species: Asphinctopone silvestrii, by m o n o t y p y . Asphinctopone senior s y n o n y m of Lepidopone: B r o w n , 1953h: 2. ASPIDIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Basiceros) Aspididris Weber, 1950c: 3. Type-species: Aspididris militaris, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 179. Aspididris junior s y n o n y m of Basiceros: B r o w n , 1974c: 132. *ASYMPHYLOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae) *AsymphylomyrmexVfb.ee\er, W.M. 1915h: 96. Type-spe­ cies: *Asymphylomyrmex balticus, by monotypy. XATOPODON (subgenus of Acropyga) Atopodon Forel, 1912m: 771 [as subgenus of Acropyga]. Type-species: Acropyga (Atopodon) inezae, by sub­ sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79. [Atopodon also described as n e w by Forel, 1913k: 100.] Atopodon subgenus of Rhizomyrma: Forel,

1917: 2 4 9 . Atopodon raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 5 . Atopodon subgenus of Acropyga: Emery, 1925b: 30. Atopodon provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acropyga:Brown, 1973b: 178 (unconfirmed). #ATOPOGYNE (subgenus of Crematogaster) AtopogyneForel, 191 Id: 343 [as subgenus of Crematogaster]. Type-species: Crematogaster (Atopogyne) hellenica, b y subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 159. [Type-species n o t Crematogaster depressa, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t desig­ n a t i o n by Emery, 1912d: 272; this error repeated in Emery, 1922e: 154 and in Soulie, 1965: 78.] Atopogyne raised to g e n u s : Soulie, 1964: 398. Atopogyne provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 178 (unconfirmed); reverts h e r e to subgenus of Crematogaster. ATOPOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Foimicoxemni) Atopomyrmex Andre, 1889: 226. Type-species: Atopomyrmex mocquerysi, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus: Bolton, 1981b: 2 4 9 . ATOPULA (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium) Atopula Emery, 1912b: 104. Type-species: Atopomyrmex nodifer, by original designation. Atopula subgenus of Vollenhovia: Emery, 1912d: 2 7 3 . Atopula revived sta­ tus as genus: Emery, 1914a: 4 1 . Atopula subgenus of Terataner: Arnold, 1952b: 129. Atopula j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195. ATTA (Myrmicinae: Attini) Atta Fabricius, 1 8 0 4 : 4 2 1 . Type-species: Formica cephalotes, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 159. Atta senior s y n o n y m of Oecodoma: Roger, 1863b: 35. Atta senior s y n o n y m of Archeatta: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 832. Atta senior s y n o n y m of Archeatta, Epiatta, Neoatta, Palaeatta: Weber, 1958a: 8. [Each of these n a m e s has subsequently b e e n res­ urrected from synonymy, see u n d e r respective entries; t h e y are all r e t u r n e d to t h e s y n o n y m y here.] Myrmegis (nomen nudum) referable to Atta: B r o w n , 1973b: 182; see u n d e r Myrmegis. Revision of genus: Borgmeier, 1959b: 3 2 1 . Bibliography: Cherrett & Cherrett, 1989: 1; see also Lofgren & VanderMeer, 1986: 1. *ATTAICHNUS (Myrmicinae: Attini [ichnotaxon]) *Attaichnus Laza, 1982: 112. Included ichnospecies: *Attaichnus kuenzelii. fjchnofossil, purportedly fossil traces of ant workings attributable to attines.] ATTOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster) Attomyrma Emery, 1915d: 70 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Formica subterranea, by original designation. Attomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 178. Attomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364. *ATTOPSIS (Myrmicinae: unplaced to tribe) *AttopsisHeer, 1 8 5 0 : 1 5 5 . Type-species: *Attopsis longipennis, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 159. ^AULACOMYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis) Aulacomyrma Emery, 1921e: 17 [as subgenus of Poly­ rhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis porcata, by original designation. Aulacomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Johnia: Hung, 1967b: 4 0 2 . Aulacomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: Brown, 1973b: 178 (unconfirmed).

Genus- Group Taxa

21

AULACOPONE (Ponerinae: Ectatorrimini) Aulacopone Arnol'cii, 1930a: 139. Type-spedes: Aulacopone relicta, by m o n o t y p y . [Aulacopone also described as n e w by A m o l ' d i , 1930d: 159.] Reviews of genus: B r o w n , 1958g: 206; Taylor, 1980c: 3 5 3 . See also: Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 3 . #AUSTROLASIUS (subgenus of Lasius) Austrolasius Faber, 1967: 7 4 [as subgenus of Lasius']. Type-spedes: Lasius carniolicus, by original designa­ tion. Austrolasius provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lasius:Brown, 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). AXINWRIS

(Dolichoderinae)

Axinidris Weber, 1941a: 192. Type-spedes: Axinidris acholli, by original designation. Revision of genus: Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 1 0 5 . Review of g e n u s : Shattuck, 1992c: 4 2 . AZTECA (Dolichoderinae) Azteca Forel, 1878: 384. Type-spedes: Liometopum xanthochroum, by m o n o t y p y . Revisionary studies: Longino, 1989: l ; L o n g i n o , 1 9 9 1 : 1 5 7 1 . Review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 4 9 . [Aztecum Bertkau, 1 8 7 9 : 1 3 , i n c o r r e d subsequent spelling.] See also: Shattuck, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 . *BAIKURIS (*Sphecomyrminae) *Baikuris DIussky, 1987: 133. Type-spedes: *Baikuris mandibularis; by original designation. BAJCASIDRIS ( F o r m i d n a e : Formicini) Bajcaridris Agosti, 1994a: 99. Type-spedes: Formica (Proformica) theryi, b y original designation. [Bajcaridris Agosti, 1 9 9 1 : 2 9 5 , nomen nudum.] BARACIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Stenanmiim?) Baracidris Bolton, 1981b: 2 5 2 . Type-spedes: Baracidris meketra, by original designation. BARBOURELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Barbourella Wheeler, W.M. 1930f: 10 [as subgenus of Emeryella]. Type-spedes: Emeryella (Barbourella) banksi, by original designation. Barbourella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 212. BAFJAMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini) Bariamyrma Lattke, 1990a: 173. Type-spedes: Bariamyrma hispidula, by original designation. BARONIURBANIA (junior s y n o n y m of Lepisiota) Baroniurbania Pagliano 8- Scaramozzino, 1990: 4 . Unnecessary replacement n a m e for Acantholepis Mayr (junior h o m o n y m ) . [Lepisiota is first available replacement n a m e , see t h e r e a n d u n d e r Acantholepis.] Baroniur junior s y n o n y m of Lepisiota: Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . BASICEROS (Myrmicinae: Basicerotini) Basiceros Schulz, 1906: 156. Replacement n a m e for Ceratobasis Smith, 1860c: 7 8 . [Junior h o m o n y m of Ceratobasis Lacordaire, 1848: 362.] Basiceros senior s y n o n y m of Aspididris: B r o w n , 1974c: 132. Revi­ sions of genus: B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 1 7 1 ; B r o w n , 1974c: 139. BELONOPELTA (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Belonopelta Mayr, 1870a: 374. Type-spedes: Belonopelta attenuata, by m o n o t y p y . Key to s p e d e s : Baroni Urbani, 1975b: 2 9 8 . Belonopelta senior s y n o n y m of Leiopelta: Holldobler & Wilson: 1990: 10. BICONOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Conomyrma) Biconomyrma Kusnezov, 1952g: 4 2 9 [as subgenus of Conomyrma]. Type-spedes: Dorymyrmex pyramicus var. brunneus ( n o w Dorymyrmex brunneus), by sub­ s e q u e n t designation of Kusnezov, 1959: 5 1 .

22

Genus-Group Taxa

Biconomyrma raised to g e n u s : Kusnezov, 1959: 5 1 . Biconomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Conomyrma: Smith, M.R. 1958c: 140; Kempf, 1972a: 7 8 . [Conomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 78.] BISOLENOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis) Bisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1953d: 9. Type-spedes: Bisolenopsis sea, by m o n o t y p y . Bisolenopsis j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134. [Disolenopsis Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 397, i n c o r r e d subsequent spelling.] BLEPHARIDATTA (Myrmicinae: Blepharidattini) Blepharidatta Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 4 8 4 . Type-spedes: Blepharidatta brasiliensis, by m o n o t y p y . Blepharidatta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ochetomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Blepharidatta valid genus: Kempf, 1975c: 369; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1991a: 132. BONDROITIA (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) Bondroitia Forel, 1911c: 300 (footnote) [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-spedes: Monomorium (Martia) coecum (junior s y n o n y m of Bondroitia lujae), by m o n o t y p y . [Bondroitia also described as new, b u t as subgenus of Diplomorium, by Forel, 191 Id: 398; see discussion in Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 7 5 . ] Bondroitia raised to g e n u s : Forel, 1915d: 38; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s by Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 6 3 . Bondroitia subgenus of Diplomorium: Emery, 1922e: 194. Bondroitia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Diplomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 98. Bondroitia revived from synonymy, status as genus, a n d revision of genus: Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 7 5 . BORGMEIERITA (junior s y n o n y m of Glamyromyrmex) Borgmeierita B r o w n , 1953g: 2 3 . Type-spedes: Codiomyrmex excisus, by original designation. Borgmeierita j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Glamyromyrmex: B r o w n , 1973a: 3 5 . BOTHRIOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae) BothriomyrrnexExaerv, 1869c: 117. Type-spedes: Bothriomyrmex costae, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus: Emery, 1925e: 5 (out of date). Bothriomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Chronoxenus, a n d review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 54. See also: Shattuck, 1994:31. BOTHROPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Bothroponera Mayr, 1862: 717. Type-spedes: Ponera pumicosa, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1901a: 4 2 . Bothroponera subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901a: 4 2 . Bothroponera revived status as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 299 (footnote). Bothroponera senior s y n o n y m of Pseudoneoponera: Wilson, 1958d: 3 6 1 . Bothroponera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Bothroponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation. BRACHYMYRMEX (Formicinae: Brachymyrmecini) Brachymyrmex Mayr, 1868b: 163. Type-spedes: Brachymyrmex patagonicus, by m o n o t y p y . Subgenera of Brachymyrmex: n o m i n a l plus Bryscha. Key to spe­ d e s : Santschi, 1923b: 652 (out of date). BRACHYPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Brachyponera Emery, 1900c: 315 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-spedes: Euponera (Brachyponera) croceicornis, by m o n o t y p y . [Brachyponera also described as n e w b y Emery, 1901a: 4 3 . Type-spedes n o t Ponera sennaarensis, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t des­

ignation by Emery, 1901a: 43.] Brachyponera raised to g e n u s : Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 1 0 1 . Brachyponera subge­ n u s of Euponera: Emery, 1911 d: 8 3; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 7 7 . Brachyponera raised to genus: Wilson, 1958d: 346. Brachyponera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: Snell­ ing, 1 9 8 1 : 389. Brachyponera j u n i o r S n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation. *BRADOPONERA (Ponerinae: Proceratiini) *Bradoponera Mayr, 1868c: 7 3 . Type-spedes: t

*Bradoponerameieri, by m o n o t y p y . See also: Lattke, 1994:116. BRADYPdNERA (junior s y n o n y m of Trapeziopelta) Bradyponera Mayr, 1886c: 362. Type-spedes: Ponera nitida (junior p r i m a r y h o m o n y m in Ponera, replaced by Myopias mayri), by m o n o t y p y . [Bradyponera Smith, F. 1873: viii, nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.] Bradyponera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Trapeziopelta: Emery, 1911d: 9 3 . Bradyponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Trapeziopelta: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 6 8 . [Trapeziopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myopias: Willey & B r o w n , 1983: 249.] BREGMATOMYRMA ( F o r m i d n a e : Bregmatomyrmini) Bregmatomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 3. Type-spe­ d e s : Bregmatomyrma carnosa, by original designation. [Bregmatomyrmex Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1985: 259, incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spelling.] BROWNIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Ochetomyrmex) Brownidris Kusnezov, 1957a: 2 7 5 . Type-spedes: Brownidris argentinus, by original designation. Review of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 0 9 . Brownidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ochetomyrmex: Kempf, 1975c: 355. BRUCHOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Bruchomyrma Santschi, 1922d: 2 4 8 . Type-spedes: Bruchomyrma acutidens, by m o n o t y p y . Bruchomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Bruchomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366; Wilson, 1984: 327. BRUNELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster) Brunella Forel, 1917: 234. Type-spedes: Aphaenogaster belti, by m o n o t y p y . Brunella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atopula: Emery, 1922f: 2 4 2 . Brunella j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364. UBRYSCHA (subgenus of Brachymyrmex) Bryscha Santschi, 1923b: 652 [as subgenus of Brachymyrmex]. Type-spedes: Brachymyrmex pilipes, by original designation. Bryscha provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Brachymyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). CACOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Plectroctena) Cacopone Santschi, 1914d: 325. Type-spedes: Cacopone hastifer, by m o n o t y p y . Cacopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Plectroctena: Bolton, 1974c: 3 1 3 . CALOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Camponotini) CalomyrmexEmery, 1895J: 772. Type-spedes: Formica laevissima, b y m o n o t y p y . *CALYPTTTES (dubiously F o r m i d d a e ) *Calyptites Scudder, 1877b: 270 [as m e m b e r of family Braconidae]. Type-spedes: *Calyptites antediluvianum, by m o n o t y p y . *Calyptites retained in Braconidae: Scudder, 1 8 9 1 : 629. *Calyptitesin F o r m i d d a e , position m d e t e n n i n a t e : Carpenter, 1 9 3 0 : 2 1 . *Calyptites probably Braconidae: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 629. *Calyptites in F o r m i d d a e :

B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Family assignment remains unresolved. CALYPTOMYRMEX

(Myrmicinae: Stenammini)

Calyptomyrmex Emery, 1887b: 4 7 1 . Type-species: Calyptomyrmex beccarii, by m o n o t y p y . Cafyptomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Weberidris: Donisthorpe, 1949f: 186; B r o w n , 1949f: 84. Revision of Oriental species: Baroni Urbani, 1975a: 4 1 0 ; of Afrotropical species: Bolton, 1981a: 6 1 . #CAMPOMYRMA

(subgenus of Polyrhachis)

Campomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis clypeata (junior s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis exercita), b y original designation. Campomyrma provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). *CAMPONOTITES

(Formicinae: Camponotini)

*Camponotites DIussky, 1981b: 76. Type-species: *Camponotites macropterus, by m o n o t y p y . [It is ' unclear w h e t h e r this w a s i n t e n d e d as a g e n u s group n a m e or as a collective group n a m e . H o w ­ ever, as t h e presentation w a s originally "genus *Camponotites", t h e former is accepted here.] CAMPONOTUS

(Formicinae: Camponotini)

Camponotus Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 3 5 . Type-species: Formica ligniperda, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 347. Subgenera of Camponotus (alphabetical order w i t h s y n o n y m s indicated): n o m i n a l plus Colobopsis, Condylomyrma (junior s y n o n y m of Colobopsis), Dinomyrmex, Hypercolbbopsis, Karavaievia, Manniella, Mayria, Myrmacrhaphe, Myrmaphaenus, Myrmentoma, Myrmepomis, Myrmespera,

Myrmamblys,

Myrmepinotus,

Myrmeurynota,

Myrmisolepis, Myrmobrachys, Myrmocamelus (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmophyma),

Myrmocladoecus,

Myrmodirachis, Myrmogigas (junior s y n o n y m of Dinomyrmex), Myrmogonia, Myrmolophus (junior syn­ o n y m of Myrmepomis), Myrmomalis, Myrmonesites, Myrmopalpella, Myrmopelta,

Myrmophyma,

Myrmopiromis, Myrmoplatypus, Myrmopsamma, Myrmopytia,

Myrmoplatys,

Myrmosaga,

Myrmosaulus, Myrmosericus, Myrmosphincta, Myrmostenus, Myrmotarsus,

Myrmotemnus,

Myrmothrix, Myrmotrema, Myrmoturba (junior syn­ o n y m of Tanaemyrmex), Myrmoxygenys, Neocolobopsis (junior s y n o n y m of Hypercolobopsis), (junior s y n o n y m of

Neomyrmamblys

Myrmaphaenus),

Orthonotomyrmex, Orthonotus (junior h o m o n y m ) , Paracolobopsis (junior s y n o n y m of

Myrmaphaenus),

Paramyrmamblys, Pseudocolobopsis, Rhinomyrmex, Tan­ aemyrmex, Thlipsepinotus. Synopses of subgenera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 0 3 ; Emery, 1925b: 62. All subgenera given as provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m s of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 9 - 1 8 5 (unconfirmed); see u n d e r individual entries. [The entry of Myrmophyma a n d Thlipsepinotus u n d e r t h e s y n o n y m y of Camponotus by Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 0 9 , is n o t accepted as confirmation as n o t all taxa are included.] Camponotus (subgenus indetermi­ nate) senior s y n o n y m of Dolophra: n e w s y n o n y m . CAMPOSTIGMACROS (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmacros) Campostigmacros McAreavey, 1957: 25 [as subgenus of Stigmacros]. Type-species: Acantholepis aemula, by original designation. Campostigmacros provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: B r o w n , 1973b: 179.

Campostigmacros j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: Tay­ lor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 145 (accepted as confirmation). CAMPTOGNATHA (junior s y n o n y m of Eciton) Camptognatha Gray, G.R. 1832: 516. Type-species: Camptognatha testacea (junior s y n o n y m of Eciton hamatum), by m o n o t y p y . Camptognatha j u n i o r syn­ o n y m oiEciton: Smith, F. 1855c: 160. [CAMPYLOMYRMA (misspelling) Campylomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 4 2 1 , incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spelling of Condylomyrma.] CARDIOCONDYLA (Myrmicinae: Forrmcoxenini) Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869b: 20. Type-species: Cardiocondyla elegans, by m o n o t y p y . Cardiocondyla senior s y n o n y m of Emeryia: Forel, 1892g: 4 6 1 ; Forel, 1892i: 3 1 3 . Cardiocondyla senior s y n o n y m of Xenometra: Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 3 : 2 0 0 . Cardiocondyla senior s y n o n y m of Dyclona, Loncyda a n d Prosopidris: Bolton, 1982: 309. Revision of Palaearctic species: Bernard, 1 9 5 6 : 2 9 9 ; of Afrotropical species: Bolton, 1982: 312. CARDIOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Cardiopheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 4 8 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole vaslitii, by original designation. Cardiopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Emery, 192 If: 84. CAREBARA (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini) Carebara Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-species: Carebara lignata, by m o n o t y p y . Key to Afrotropical species: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 172. Review of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 5 . CAREBARELLA (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) Carebarella Emery, 1906c: 137. Type-species: Carebarella bicolor, by m o n o t y p y . Carebarella senior syn­ o n y m of Carebarelloides: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 3 . Reviews of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 3 ; Bolton, 1987: 2 8 6 . CAREBARELLOIDES (junior s y n o n y m of Carebarella) Carebarelloides Borgmeier, 1937b: 236 [as subgenus of Carebarella]. Type-species: Carebarella (Car­ ebarelloides) condei, by original designation. Car­ ebarelloides j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Carebarella: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 3 . *CARIRIDRIS (Myrmeciinae: unplaced to tribe) *Cariridris B r a n d a o & Martins-Neto, 1990: 2 0 1 . Typespecies: *Cariridris bipetiolata, by original designation. *CASALEIA (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini) *Casaleia Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990: 5. Replace­ m e n t n a m e for * Protamblyopone DIussky, 1981b: 6 5 . [Junior h o m o n y m of Protamblyopone Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 1.] CATAGLYPHIS (Formicinae: Formicini) Cataglyphis Foerster, 1850b: 4 9 3 . Type-species: Cataglyphis fairmairei (junior s y n o n y m of Formica bicolor), by m o n o t y p y . Cataglyphis j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmecocystus: Forel, 1878: 372; Forel, 1886f: 2 0 1 ; iMayr, 1886d: 424. Cataglyphis revived from s y n o n y m y : Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 7 8 . Cataglyphis senior s y n o n y m of Monocombus: Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 4 4 ; s y n o n y m y confirmed by Agosti, 1990a: 1462. Cataglyphis senior s y n o n y m of Machaeromyrma: Baroni Urbani, 1969d: 218; s y n o n y m y confirmed by Agosti, 1990a: 1462. Cataglyphis senior s y n o n y m of Eomonocombus a n d Paraformica: Agosti, 1990a: 1462. Key to species: Santschi, 1929b: 56 (out of

date). Review of genus: Agosti, 1990a: 1457; Agosti, 1994a: 103. CATAULACUS (Myrmicinae: Cataulacini) Cataulacus Smith, F. 1854: 2 2 5 . Type-species: Cataula­ cus taprobanae, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 120. Cataulacus senior s y n o n y m of Otomyrmex, a n d revision of genus: Bolton, 1974a: 1. Key to Afrotropical species: Bolton, 1982: 354. CAULOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex) Caulomyrma Forel, 1914d: 233 [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothoraxechinatinodis, by original designation. Caulomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex: Forel, 1915c: 364. Caulomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex: Emery, 1915g: 24. [Caulomyrma a n d Nesomyrmex j u n i o r syn­ o n y m s of Goniothorax: Emery, 1922f: 249 (incorrect p r o c e d u r e as Goniothorax is a j u n i o r h o m o n y m , of w h i c h Nesomyrmex is first available replacement n a m e , see Smith, M.R. 1950: 30).] [Nesomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319.] #CAUTOLASIUS (subgenus of Lasius) CautolasiusWilson, 1955a: 13 [as subgenus oiLasius]. Type-species: Formica flava, by original designation. Revision of subgenus: Wilson, 1955a: 111. Cautolasius provisional s y n o n y m of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). CENTROMYRMEX (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Centromyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 894. Type-species: Centromyrmex bohemanni (junior s y n o n y m of Cen­ tromyrmex brachycola), by m o n o t y p y . Centromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Spalacomyrmex: Emery, 1890b: 4 0 . Centromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Typhloteras: B r o w n , 1953c: 8. Centromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Glyphopone a n d Leptopone: B r o w n , 1963: 9. Cen­ tromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Promyopias: Bolton, 1994; 164. Revision of Neotropical species: Kempf, 1967b: 4 0 1 . CEPHALOMORIUM (junior s y n o n y m of Hendecapheidole) Cephalomorium Forel, 1922: 91 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Cephalomorium) bahai, by m o n o t y p y . Cephalomor­ ium j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Hendecapheidole: Santschi, 1925d: 2 2 8 . [Hendecapheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 6 . ] CEPHALOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmhopla) Cephalomyrma Karavaiev, 1935a: 115 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Cephalomyrma) stylifera, by m o n o t y p y . Cephalomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmhopla: Hung, 1967b: 4 0 2 . *CEPHALOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: unplaced to tribe) *Cephalomyrmex Carpenter, 1930: 37. Type-species: *Cephalomyrmex rotundatus, by original designation. CEPHALOTES (Myrrmcinae: Cephalotini) Cephalotes Latreille, 1802a: 357. Type-species: Formica atrata, b y m o n o t y p y . Cephalotes j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cryptocerus: Fabricius, 1 8 0 4 : 4 1 9 . Cephalotes senior s y n o n y m of Cryptocerus: Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 7 8 ; Smith, M.R. 1949c: 19; see also discussion in Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 105. Revision of genus: Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 107. CEPHALOXYS (junior h o m o n y m , see Smithistruma) Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1 8 6 5 : 7 6 . Type-species: Cephaloxys capitata, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of

Genus-Group Taxa

23

Cephaloxys Signoret, 1 8 4 7 : 2 9 4 (Hemiptera).] Stnithistruma B r o w n , 1948e: 104, replacement n a m e for Cephaloxys Smith. CEPOBROTICUS (junior s y n o n y m of Megalomyrmex) Cepohroticus Wheeler, W.M. 1925d: 168 [as subgenus of Megalomyrmex]. Type-species: Megalomyrmex (Cepohroticus) symmetochus, by m o n o t y p y . Cepohroti­ cus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Megalomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 1 0 1 . CERAPACHYS (Cerapachyinae: Cerapachyini) Cerapachys Smith, F. 1857a: 74. Type-species: Cerapachys antennatus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 8 . Cerapachys senior s y n o n y m of Ceratopachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 5 5 . Cerapachys senior s y n o n y m of Parasyscia a n d Syscia (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Cysias): Kempf, 1972a: 76. Cerapachys senior s y n o n y m of Chrysapace, Lioponera, Neophyracaces, Ooceraea, Phyracaces, *Procerapachys, a n d revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 8 . CERATOBASIS (junior h o m o n y m , see Basiceros) Ceratobasis Smith, F. 1860c: 7 8 . Type-species: Meranoplus singularis, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m ­ o n y m of Ceratobasis Lacordaire, 1848: 362 (Coleoptera).] Basiceros Schulz,1906:156, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Ceratobasis Smith. CERATOPACHYS (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys) Ceratopachys Schulz, 1 9 0 6 : 1 5 5 , unjustified e m e n d a ­ tion of Cerapachys. Ceratopachys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 5 5 . CERATOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Ceratopheidole Pergande, 1896: 889 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidole (Ceratopheidole) granulata, by m o n o t y p y . Ceratopheidole raised to genus: Emery, 1914a: 40; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: F o r e l , 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 1 ; Emery, 1922e: 112. Ceratopheidole provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Ceratopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 5 . CHALCOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Rhytidoponera) Chalcoponera Emery, 1897d: 548. Type-species: Ponera metallica, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 191 Id: 39. Chalcoponera subgenus of Rhytidoponera: Forel, 1917: 236. Chalcoponera revived status as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 3 . Chalcoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhytidoponera: B r o w n , 1953c: 2. CHALEPOXENUS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini) Chalepoxenus Menozzi, 1923a: 2 5 7 . Type-species: Chalepoxenusgribodoi (junior s y n o n y m of Chalepoxenus muellerianus), by m o n o t y p y . [Name of type-species misspelledgridoboi, p . 257; correct spell­ ing as gribodoi, p . 258.] Chalepoxenus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Chalepoxenus valid genus: Kutter, 1973d: 2 6 9 . Chalepoxenus senior s y n o n y m of Leonomyrma: Buschinger, 1 9 8 7 : 1 1 7 . Revision of genus: Kutter, 1973d: 269; R a d c h e n k o , 1989a: 37. CHAMPSOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Odontomachus) ChampsomyrmexEmery, 1892d: 558 (footnote). Typespecies: Odontomachus coquereli, by m o n o t y p y . Cham­ psomyrmex subgenus of Odontomachus: Forel, 1917: 2 3 8 . Champsomyrmex revived status as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 5 3 . Champsomyrmexprovi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Odontomachus: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Champsomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Odontomachus: B r o w n , 1976a: 96.

24

Genus-Group Taxa

CHAPMANELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Euprenolepis) Chapmanella Wheeler, W.M. 1930d: 4 1 . Type-species: Chapmanella negrosensis, by original designation. Chapmanella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Euprenolepis: B r o w n , 1953h: 6. nCHARIOMYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis) Chariomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Poly­ rhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachisguerini, by original designation. Chariomyrma provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). CHARIOSTIGMACROS (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmacros) Chariostigmacros McAreavey, 1 9 5 7 : 2 3 [as subgenus of Stigmacros]. Type-species: Stigmacros (Chariostigmacros) hirsuta, by original designation. Chariostigmacros provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Chariostigmacros j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 4 5 (accepted as confirmation). CHELANER (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium) Chelaner Emery, 1914f:410 [as subgenus of Monomor­ ium]. Type-species: Monomorium (Chelaner) forcipatum, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1922e: 168. Chelaner raised to genus, a n d senior s y n o n y m of Notomyrmex, Protholcomyrmex a n d Schizopelta: Ettershank, 1966: 9 3 . Chelaner j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 300. CHELIOMYRMEX ( E d t o n i n a e : Chehomyrmecini) Cheliomyrmex Mayr, 1870b: 968. Type-species: Cheliomyrmex nortoni (junior s y n o n y m of Cheliomyrmex morosus), by m o n o t y p y . Revision of g e n u s : Borgmeier, 1955b: 62; see also Gotwald, 1 9 7 1 : 1 6 1 . Key t o s p e d e s : Watkins, 1976: 6. CHELYSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Chelystruma B r o w n , 1950a: 33 [as s u b g e n u s of Glamyromyrmex]. Type-spedes: Glamyromyrmex (Chelystruma) lilloana, by m o n o t y p y . Chelystruma raised to g e n u s : Kempf, 1959d: 3 3 8 . Chelystruma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Glamyromyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] CHIMAERIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini) Chimaeridris Wilson, 1989: 6 3 . Type-spedes: Chimaeridris boltoni, by original designation. *CHIMAEROMYRMA (Formicinae: Camponotini) *Chimaeromyrma DIussky, 1988: 58. Type-spedes: *Chimaeromyrma brachycephala, by original designa­ tion. CHRONOXENUS (junior s y n o n y m of Bothriomyrmex) Chronoxenus Santschi, 1919i: 202 [as subgenus of Bothriomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Bothriomyrmex my ops, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1944e: 102. Chronoxenus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Bothriomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Chronoxenus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Bothriomyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 54. CHRYSAPACE (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys) Chrysapace Crawley, 1924: 380. Type-spedes: Chrysapace jacobsoni (junior secondary h o m o n y m in Cerapachys, replaced by Cerapachys crawleyi), by m o n o t y p y . Chrysapace junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys:JSrown, 1975: 19. #CHTHONOLASIVS (subgenus of Lasius) Chtonolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-spedes: Formica umbrata, by s u b s e q u e n t desig­

n a t i o n of Emery, 1925b: 232. [Chtonolasius also described as n e w by Ruzsky, 1914a: 59.] Chthonolasius, justified e m e n d a t i o n of spelling: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170. [Donisthorpe's (1941f: 37) d a i m t h a t Ruzsky n o m i n a t e d Lasius flavus as t y p e - s p e d e s is i n c o r r e d . Ruzsky ( 1 9 1 2 : 6 3 0 ) i n d u d e d t h o s e s p e d e s "with t h e appearance of t h e yellow Lasius (Las.flavusD.G.) a n d its dosely related s p e d e s , a n d races (Las. carniolicus, Las. umbratus, Las. myops. Las. mixtus)". This is n o t a d i r e d n o m i n a t i o n of a type-spedes, n o r is De Geer (D.G.) t h e a u t h o r of flavus.] Chthonolasius subgenus of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; Wilson, 1955a: 13. Chthonolasius provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lasius: Brown, 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). Revisions of subgenus: Wilson, 1955a: 150. Seifert, 1988a: 143; Seifert, 1990: 1. CLADAROGENYS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Cladarogenys B r o w n , 1976b: 3 3 . Type-spedes: Cladarogenys lasia, by original designation. Review of genus: Bolton, 1983: 3 5 3 . [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys^ CLADOMYRMA (Formicinae: Brachymyrmecini) Cladomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Type-spedes: Aphomomyrmex hewitti (junior s y n o n y m of Cladomyrma andrei), by original designation. Revi­ sion of g e n u s : Agosti, 1 9 9 1 : 2 9 3 . CLARKISTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Colobostruma) Clarkistruma B r o w n , 1948e: 124. Type-spedes: Epopostruma alinodis, by original designation. Clar­ kistruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Colobostruma: B r o w n , 1959c: 1. CLAVANODA (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex) Clavanoda E n z m a n n , E.V. 1944: 61 [as "branch" of Pseudomyrma]. Type-spedes: Formica gracilis, by origi­ nal designation. Clavanoda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 9 . CODIOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Codiomyrmex Wheeler, WJV1.1916d: 326. Type-spedes: Codiomyrmex thoxteri, by m o n o t y p y . Review of genus: B r o w n , 1948e: 115. Codiomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Glamyromyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] CODIOXENXIS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Codioxenus Santschi, 1931c: 2 7 8 [as subgenus of Epitritus]. Type-spedes: Epitritus (Codioxenus) simulans, by m o n o t y p y . Codioxenus raised to g e n u s : B r o w n , 1948e: 123. [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] #COLOBOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Colobocrema Wheeler, W.M. 1927f: 31 [as s u b g e n u s of Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Crematogaster (Col­ obocrema) cylindriceps, b y m o n o t y p y . Colobocrema p r o ­ visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). #COLOBOPSIS (subgenus of Camponotus) Colobopsis Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 38. Type-spedes: Formica truncata, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 342. Colobopsis subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1889b: 517. Colobopsis senior s y n o n y m of Condylomyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 4 2 2 (in text). Colobopsis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). COLOBOSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Colobostruma Wheeler, W.M. 1927f: 32 [as subgenus of Epopostruma]. Type-spedes: Epopostruma (Col-

obostruma) leae, by m o n o t y p y . Colobostruma raised to genus: Brown, 1948e: 118. Colobostruma senior syn­ o n y m of Alistruma a n d Clarkistruma: B r o w n , 1959c: 1; B r o w n & Wilson, 1959b: 2 8 1 . COMMATETA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Commateta Santschi, 1929h: 4 7 6 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Parectatomma) bruchi, by original designation. Commateta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g: 2 1 2 . CONCOCTIO (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini) Concoctio B r o w n , 1974d: 2 9 . Type-species: Concoctio concenta, by original designation. CONDYLODON (dubiously Formicidae (Ponerinae?)) Condylodon Lund, 1831a: 1 3 1 . Type-spedes: Condylodon audouini, by m o n o t y p y . Condylodon a m e m ­ ber of family Mutillidae?: Swainson & Shuckard, 1 8 4 0 : 1 7 3 . Condylodon j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrma: Dalla Torre, 1893: 5 5 . Condylodon a m e m b e r of P o n e r i n a e ? : Emery, 1921f: 2 8 (foot­ n o t e ) . Condylodon n o t m e m b e r of Pseudomyrmecinae, dubiously m e m b e r of Pon­ erinae: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 7 1 . CONDYLOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Colobopsis) Condylomyrma Santschi, 1928c: 72 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotus (Con­ dylomyrma) bryani, by m o n o t y p y . Condylomyrma junior s y n o n y m of Colobopsis: Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 422 (in t e x t ) . [Campylomyrma: see above.] CONOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex) Conomyrma Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text) [as subgenus of Dorymyrmex]. Type-spedes: Prenolepis pyramica, by subsequent designation of Santschi, 1922b: 365. Conomyrma raised to g e n u s : Kusnezov, 1952g: 4 2 9 . Conomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Biconomyrma: Smith, M.R. 1958c: 140; Kempf, 1972a: 7 8 . Conomyrma p r o ­ visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Conomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Araucomyrmex: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 2 . Conomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 7 7 . CONOTHORACOIDES (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Conothoracoides Strand, 1 9 3 5 : 1 7 6 . Replacement n a m e for Conothorax Karavaiev. [Junior h o m o n y m of Conothorox Jekel, 1854: 9 b i s (foldoutpages).] Con­ othoracoides provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 179. Conothoracoides j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 6 . CONOTHORAX (junior h o m o n y m , see Conothoracoides) ConothoraxKaravaiev, 1935a: 7 5 . Type-spedes: Con­ othorax bilobum, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Conothorax Jekel, 1854: 9 bis (foldout pages) (Coleoptera).] Conothoracoides Strand, 1 9 3 5 : 1 7 6 , re­ placement n a m e for Conothorax Karavaiev. COPTOFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica) Coptoformica Muller, 1 9 2 3 : 1 4 6 [as subgenus oi For­ mica] . Type-spedes: Formica exsecta, b y subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1941f: 3 7 . Coptoformica senior s y n o n y m oi Adformica: Stitz, 1939: 306. Coptoformica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formica: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 107. CORYNOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium) CorynomyrmexViehmeyer, 1916a: 133 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-spedes: Monomorium (Corynomyrmex) hospitum, by m o n o t y p y . Corynomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of

Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966:82. Corynomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 8 7 . COSMAECETES (junior s y n o n y m of Typhlopone) Cosmaecetes Spinola, 1851b: 54. Type-spedes: Cosmaecetes homalinus (junior s y n o n y m of Dorylus fulvus), b y m o n o t y p y . [Also described as n e w by Spinola, 1853: 70.] Cosmaecetes ]unior s y n o n y m of Typhlopone: Smith, F. 1858b: 110. [Cosmaegetes Dalla Torre, 1893: 9, i n c o r r e d s u b s e q u e n t spelling.] CRATEROPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex) Crateropsis Patrizi, 1 9 4 8 : 1 7 4 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsis (Crateropsis) elmenteitae, by original designation. Crateropsis j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 0 . CRATOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Messor) Cratomyrmex Emery, 1892d: 572. Type-spedes: Cratomyrmex regalis, by m o n o t y p y . Cratomyrmex sub­ g e n u s of Messor: Santschi, 1920d: 3 7 8 . Cratomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Messor: Emery, 1922f: 357. Cratomyrmex revived from s y n o n y m y w i t h status as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 802; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Bernard, 1 9 7 1 : 6. Cratomyrmex j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Messor: Bolton, 1982: 3 3 8 . CREIGHTONIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Basicerotini) Creightonidris B r o w n , 1949f: 89. Type-spedes: Creightonidris scambognatha, by original designation. Review of g e n u s : B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 1 7 8 . CREMATOGASTER (Myrmicinae: Crematogastrmi) Crematogaster Lund, 1831a: 132. Type-spedes: Formica scutellaris, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 1 2 4 . [Type-spedes n o t Formica acuta, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Emery, 1912d: 2 7 2 ; this error repeated in, for example, Emery, 1922e: 128 a n d Soulie, 1965:78.] Crematogaster senior s y n o n y m of Acrocoelia: Mayr, 1 8 6 3 : 4 0 4 (see also B u r e n , 1 9 5 9 : 1 2 5 ; Kempf, 1972a: 81). Crematogaster senior s y n o n y m of Tranopeltoides: Kempf, 1960c: 173. [Cremastogaster Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 7 4 (and m a n y later a u t h o r s ) , i n c o r r e d s u b s e q u e n t spelling. Discussion of spelling: Emery, 1912d: 272 (footnote); Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 7 8 ; Donisthorpe, 1941f: 36 a n d B u r e n , 1 9 5 9 : 1 2 5 . ] Sub­ genera of Crematogaster: n o m i n a l plus Apterocrema, Atopogyne, Colobocrema, Decacrema, Eucrema, Mesocrema, Nematocrema, Neocrema, Orthocrema, Oxygyne, Paracrema, Physocrema, Rhachiocrema, Sphaerocrema, Xiphocrema. *CRETACOFORMICA (dubiously F o r m i d d a e ) *Cretacoformica Jell & D u n c a n , 1 9 8 6 : 1 9 0 . Type-spedes: *Cretacoformica explicata, by original designation. [This is almost certainly n o t a n ant.] *CRETOMYRMA (*Sphecomynninae) *Cretomyrma DIussky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 5 . Type-spedes: *Cretomyrma arnoldii, by original designation. *CRETOPONE (*Armaniinae) *Cretopone DIussky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 9 . Type-spedes: *Cretopone magna, b y original designation. *Cretopone trans­ ferred from P o n e r i n a e to *Armaniidae: DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 . *Cretopone possible j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9. CROESOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Macromischa) Croesomyrmex M a n n , 1 9 2 0 : 4 0 8 [as subgenus of Macromischa]. Type-spedes: Macromischa (Croesomyrmex) wheeleri, by original designation.

Croesomyrmex raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1931b: 4 (in text). Croesomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Macromischa: Smith, M.R. 1937: 849; Smith, M.R. 1939e: 502. [Macromischa j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Snelling, 1986: 154.] [CRYPTOCEPHALUS (misspelling) Cryptocephalus Lowne, 1865: 336, i n c o r r e d sub­ s e q u e n t spelling of Cryptocerus in t h e combination Cryptocephalus pubescens; current combination Meranoplus pubescens.] CRYPTOCERUS (junior s y n o n y m of Cephalotes) Cryptocerus Latreille, 1803: 3 1 1 . Type-spedes: Formica atrata, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Latreille, 1810: 4 3 7 . [Type-spedes n o t Cryptocerus umbraculatus, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation b y Emery, 1914c: 38, repeated in Emery, 1922f: 305.] Cryptocerus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cephalotes: Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 78; Smith, M.R. 1949c: 19; see also dis­ cussion i n Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 105. CRYPTOPONE (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Cryptopone Emery, 1893a: cclxxv. Type-spedes: Cryptopone testacea, b y m o n o t y p y . [Type-spedes n o t Amblyopone testacea; see discussion in Wilson, 1958d: 360.] [Cryptopone also described as n e w by Emery, 1893f: 240.] Key to Melanesian s p e d e s : Wilson, 1958d: 357; see also n o t e s in B r o w n , 1963: 6. *CTENOBETHYLUS (junior s y n o n y m of Liometopum) *Ctenobethylus Brues, 1 9 3 9 : 2 6 1 [as m e m b e r of family Bethylidae]. Type-spedes: *Ctenobethylussuccinalis, by original designation. *Ctenobethylus j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Iridomyrmex: B r o w n , 1 9 7 7 : 2 1 3 . *Ctenobethylus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Liometopum: Shattuck, 1992c: 1 2 1 . CTENOPYGA (junior s y n o n y m of Acanthostichus) Ctenopyga A s h m e a d , 1 9 0 6 : 2 9 . Type-spedes: Ctenopyga townsendi (junior s y n o n y m oi Acanthostichus texanus), by original designation. Ctenopyga subge­ n u s of Acanthostichus: Emery, 191 I d : 13. Ctenopyga provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acanthostichus: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Ctenopyga revived status as genus, and review of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 4 2 . Ctenopyga j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acanthostichus: MacKay, in preparation. CYATHOCEPHALUS (junior h o m o n y m , see Cyathomyrmex) Cyathocephalus Emery, 1915i: 192 [as subgenus of Cryptocerus]. Type-spedes: Cryptocerus pollens, by orig­ inal designation. [Junior h o m o n y m of Cyathocephalus Kessler, 1 8 6 8 : 1 3 5 ( C e s t o d a ) . ] Cyathomyrmex Creighton, 1 9 3 3 : 1 0 0 , r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Cyathocephalus Emery. CYATHOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Paracryptocerus) Cyathomyrmex Creighton, 1 9 3 3 : 1 0 0 [as subgenus of Cryptocerus]. Replacement n a m e for Cyathocephalus Emery, above. [Junior h o m o n y m of Cyathocephalus Kessler, 1 8 6 8 : 1 3 5 . ] Cyathomyrmex subgenus of Paracryptocerus: Smith, M.R. 1949c: 2 1 . Cyathomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Paracryptocerus: Kempf, 1972a: 175. [Paracryptocerus j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Zacryptocerus: Kempf, 1973c: 460.] CYLINDROMYRMEX (Cerapachyinae: Cylmdromymiedni) Cylindromyrmex Mayr, 1870b: 9 6 7 . Type-spedes: Cyl­ indromyrmex striatals, b y m o n o t y p y . Cylindromyrmex subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 18921:243. Cyl-

Genus-Group Taxa

25

indromyrmex revived status as genus: Dalla Torre, 1 9 8 3 : 1 6 . Cylindromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Holcoponera C a m e r o n (junior h o m o n y m ) : Forel, 1892f: 256. Cylindromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Hypocylindromyrmex a n d Metacylindromyrmex, a n d revision of genus: B r o w n , 1975: 36. CYPHOIDRJS (Myrmicinae: Stenanrmini) Cyphoidris Weber, 1952: 26. Type-species: Cyphoidris spinosa, by original designation. Cyphoidris provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lordomyrma: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Cyphoidris valid genus, a n d revision of genus: Bolton, 1981b: 257. CYPHOMANNIA (junior s y n o n y m of Cyphomyrmex) Cyphomannia Weber, 1938b: 183 [as subgenus of Cyphomyrmex]. Type-species: Cyphomyrmex (Cyphomannia) laevigatas, by original designation. Cyphomannia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cyphomyrmex: Kempf, 1962b: 29. Cyphomannia revived from syn­ onymy: Weber, 1966: 166. Cyphomannia j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Cyphomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 92. CYPHOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Attini) Cyphomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 690. Type-species: Cyphomyrmex minutus, by monotypy. [Type-species n o t Cyphomyrmex difformis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1922f: 340.] Cyphomyrmex subgenus of Atta: Forel, 1912e: 188. Cyphomyrmex revived status as genus: Bruch, 1914: 217; Emery, 1914a: 42. Cyphomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Cyphomannia: Kempf, 1962b: 29; Kempf, 1972a: 92. Revisions of genus: Kempf, 1964d: 1; Kempf, 1966: 161, Snelling & Longino, 1 9 9 2 : 4 7 9 . #CYRTOMYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis) Cyrtomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Poly­ rhachis]. Type-species: Formica rastellata, by original designation. Cyrtomyrma provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed). Revision of subgenus: Donisthorpe, 1938c: 246 (out of date). CYRTOSTIGMACROS (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmacros) Cyrtostigmacros McAreavey, 1957: 35 [as subgenus of Stigmacros]. Type-species: Acantholepis (Acrostigma) australis, by original designation. Cyrtostigmacros p r o ­ visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Cyrtostigmacros j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 145 (accepted as confirmation). CYSIAS (junior s y n o n y m of Syscia) Cysias Emery, 1902c: 2 4 [as subgenus of Cerapachys]. Type-species: Ooceraea papuana, b y original designa­ tion. Cysias raised to genus: Ashmead, 1905b: 382. Cysias j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Syscia: Emery, 191 Id: 10. [Syscia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76; see also B r o w n , 1975:19.] DACATRIA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini) Dacatria Rigato, 1994b: 155. Type-species: Dacatria templaris, by original designation. DACETINOPS (Myrrmcinae: Stenammini) Dacetinops B r o w n & Wilson, 1957a: 1. Type-species: Dacetinops cibdelus, by original designation. Revision of genus: Taylor, 1 9 8 5 : 4 1 . DACETON (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Daceton Perty, 1833: 136. Type-species: Formica armigera, by m o n o t y p y . Daceton senior s y n o n y m of Dacetum: Brown, 1973b: 179. DACETUM (junior s y n o n y m of Daceton)

26

Genus-Group Taxa

Dacetum Agassiz, 1848: 332, unjustified e m e n d a t i o n of Daceton. Dacetum j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Daceton: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. DACRYON (junior s y n o n y m of Podomyrma) Dacryon Forel, 1895f: 4 2 1 . Type-species: Dacryon omniparens, by m o n o t y p y . Dacryon provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Podomyrma: B r o w n , 1973b: 179. Dacryon j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Podomyrma: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 80 (accepted as confirmation). #DECACREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Decacrema Forel, 1910a: 18 [as subgenus of Crematogas­ ter]. Type-spedes: Crematogaster schencki, by sub­ sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911 f: 161. [Decacrema also described as n e w by Forel, 1910f: 9.] Decacrema raised to genus: Soulie, 1964: 398. Decacrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 179 (unconfirmed); h e r e reverts to subgenus of Crematogaster. [Decracrema Arnold, 1920a: 547, incorrect subsequent spelling.] DECAMERA (junior h o m o n y m , see Hincksidris) Decamera Roger, 1863a: 166. Type-species: Decamera nigella, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Decamera Mulsant, 1842: 503 (Coleoptera).] Hincksidris Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59, replacement n a m e for Decamera Roger. Decamera Roger j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista: Forel, 1878: 376; m a i n ­ tained as j u n i o r s y n o n y m : Mayr, 1887: 525; Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 7 4 . Decamera Roger revived from syn­ o n y m y as subgenus of Myrmelachista:Forel, 1886f: 214; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Forel, 1917: 249; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696; Emery, 1925b: 32. DECAMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Tetramoriini) Decamorium Forel, 1913a: 121 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Decamor­ ium) decern, by m o n o t y p y . Decamorium raised to genus: Emery, 1914a: 4 2 ; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Wheeler, 1922a: 906. Revision of genus: Bolton, 1976:297. DECAPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Decapheidole Forel, 1912f: 2 3 7 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Pheidoleperpusilla, by sub­ s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80. Decapheidole raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 661; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Borgmeier, 1927c: 78. Decapheidole provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 180. Decapheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366. #DENDROLASIUS (subgenus oi Lasius) Dendrolasius Ruzsky, 1912: 630 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica fuliginosa, by monotypy. [Dendrolasius also described as n e w b y Ruzsky, 1914a: 59.] Dendrolasius subgenus of Formicina: Forel, 1917: 249. Dendrolasius subgenus of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 698; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Wilson, 1955a: 14. Dendrolasius provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lasius: B r o w n , 1973b: 180 (unconfirmed). Revisions of subgenus: Wilson, 1955a: 138; Kupyanskaya, 1989: 779. DENDROMYRMEX (Formicinae: Camponotini) Dendromyrmex Emery, 1895J: 772. Type-species: For­ mica chartifex, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 1 6 1 . DEROMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m oi Aphaenogaster) Deromyrma Forel, 1913b: 350 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-spedes: Aphaenogaster

(Ischnomyrmex) swammerdami, by original designa­ tion. [Deromyrma also described as n e w by Forel, 1913k: 49.] Deromyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Deromyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364. DESCOLEMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Mycocepurus) Descolemyrma Kusnezov, 195 Id: 4 6 0 . Type-spedes: Descolemyrma ogloblini (junior s y n o n y m of Mycocepurus goeldii), by m o n o t y p y . Descolemyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Mycocepurus: Kempf, 1963b: 4 1 8 . DLABOLUS (junior h o m o n y m , see Karawajewella) Diabolus Karavaiev, 1926d: 4 2 4 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-spedes: Dolichoderus (Diabolus) bifurcatus (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus cuspidatus), by original designation. [Junior h o m ­ o n y m of Diabolus Gray, J.E. 1 8 4 1 : 400 (Mammalia).] Karawajewella Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59, replacement n a m e for Diabolus Karavaiev. DIACAMMA (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Diacamma Mayr, 1862: 7 1 8 . Type-spedes: Ponera rugosa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903:75. DIAGYNE (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis) Diagyne Santschi, 1923c: 2 6 8 [as subgenus of Solenop­ sis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsis succinea by monotypy. Diagyne j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134. DICERATOCLINEA (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus) DiceratoclineaWheeler, W.M. 1935c: 69 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-spedes: Dolichoderus scabridus, by original designation. Diceratoclinea raised to g e n u s : Brown, 1950e: 2 4 9 . Diceratoclinea provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: Brown, 1973b: 180. Diceratoclinea j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66. DICHOTHORAX (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax) Dichothorax Emery, 1895c: 323 [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-spedes: Leptothorax (Dichothorax) pergandei, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 1 6 1 . Dichothorax provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Dichothorax j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319. #DICHTHADIA (subgenus of Dorylus) Dichthadia Gerstacker, 1863: 9 3 . Type-spedes: Dichthadia glaberrima (junior s y n o n y m of Dorylus laevigatus), by m o n o t y p y . Dichthadia j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 9. Dichthadia revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Dorylus: Emery, 1895J: 702. Dichthadia provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorylus: B r o w n , 1973b: 180 (unconfirmed). DICROASPIS (Myrmicinae: Stenammini) Dicroaspis Emery, 1908b: 184. Type-spedes: Dicroaspis cryptocera, by m o n o t y p y . Dicroaspis subgenus of Cafyptomyrmex: Emery, 1915g: 15. Dicroaspis revived status as g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 7 (in key). Dicroaspis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cafyptomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Dicroaspis valid genus, senior s y n o n y m of Geognomicus, a n d revision of genus: Bolton, 1981a: 56. DILOBOCONDYLA (Myrrmcinae: Formicoxenini) Dilobocondyla: Santschi, 1910h: 2 8 3 . Type-spedes: Atopomyrmex selebensis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 162. Dilobocondyla senior syn-

o n y m of Mesomyrma: Emery, 1912b: 102. Key to spe­ d e s : Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 2 4 8 . DLMORPHOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Gesomyrmex) Dimorphomyrmex Andre, 1892b: 4 9 . Type-spedes: Dimorphomyrmexjaneti" (junior s y n o n y m of Gesomyrmex chaperi), by m o n o t y p y . Dimorphomyrmex junior s y n o n y m of Gesomyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 1. #DINOMYRMEX (subgenus of Camponotus) Dinomyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-spedes: For­ mica gigas, by original designation. Dinomyrmex sub­ genus of Camponotus: Forel, 1913b: 350. Dinomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Myrmogigas: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text). Dinomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 180 (unconfirmed). DINOPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Dinoponera Roger, 1861a: 37. Type-spedes: Ponera grandis (junior s y n o n y m of Dinoponeragigantea), by monotypy. Revision of g e n u s : Kempf, 1 9 7 1 : 369. DIODONTOLEPIS (junior s y n o n y m of Notoncus) Diodontolepis Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 5 3 . Type-spedes: Melophorus spinisquamis, by original designation. Diodontolepis j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Melophorus: Emery, 192 5b: 1 1 . Diodontolepis revived from s y n o n y m y : Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 7 1 . Diodontolepis j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Notoncus: B r o w n , 1 9 5 5 d : 4 7 7 . DIPLOMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) Diplomorium Mayr, 1901b: 16. Type-spedes: Diplomor­ ium longipenne, by m o n o t y p y . Review of genus: Ettershank, 1966: 98. Revision of genus: Bolton, 1987:278. DIPLORHOPTRUM (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis) Diplorhoptrum Mayr, 1 8 5 5 : 4 4 9 . Type-spedes: Formica fugax, b y m o n o t y p y . Diplorhoptrum j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Mayr, 1862: 7 5 1 ; m a i n t a i n e d as such: Forel, 1915d: 9; Emery, 1922e: 195; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 8 7 7 . Diplorhoptrum revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Solenopsis: Creighton, 1930b: 4 3 ; m a i n t a i n e d as such: Kusnezov, 1962b: 160. Diplorhoptrum j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134. Diplorhoptrum revived from s y n o n y m y with status as genus: Baroni Urbani, 1968a: 68. Diplorhoptrum j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis:Kempf, 1972a: 232; Bolton, 1987: 2 8 5 . DISCOTHYREA (Ponerinae: Proceratiini) Discothyrea Roger, 1863a: 176. Type-spedes: Discothyrea testacea, by m o n o t y p y . Discothyrea senior s y n o n y m of Prodiscothyrea a n d Pseudosysphincta, a n d revision of genus: B r o w n , 1958g: 248; see also B r o w n , 1958j: 115. Key to Neotropical s p e d e s : Weber, 1939a: 99. See also: Lattke, 1 9 9 4 : 1 1 3 . *DLUSSKYIDRIS (*Sphecomyrminae) *Dlusskyidris Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 8 7 . Replacement n a m e for *PalaeomyrmexDIussky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 8 . [Junior h o m ­ o n y m of *PalaeomyrmexB.eer, 1865: 91.] DODECAMYRMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmica) Dodecamyrmica Amol'di, 1 9 6 8 : 1 8 0 3 [as subgenus of Myrmica]. Type-spedes: Myrmica arnoldii, by original designation. Dodecamyrmica provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Myrmica: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Dodecamyrmica j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Myrmica: Francoeur, 1 9 8 1 : 759.

DODOUS (junior s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex) Dodous Donisthorpe, 1946f: 145. Type-spedes: Dodous trispinosus, by original designation. Dodous j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex: B r o w n , 1971a: 3. DOLEROMYRMA (DoHchoderinae) Doleromyrma Forel, 1907a: 2 8 [as subgenus of Tapinoma]. Type-spedes: Tapinoma (Doleromyrma) darwinianum, by m o n o t y p y . Doleromyrma subgenus of Iridomyrmex: Forel, 1912a: 8 1 . Doleromyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Iridomyrmex: Emery, 1912g: 22. Doleromyrma revived from s y n o n y m y w i t h status as genus: Shattuck, 1992a: 14; review of g e n u s : Shattuck, 1992c: 60. DOLICHODERUS (Dolichoderinae) Dolichoderus Lund, 1831a: 130. Type-spedes: Formica attelaboides, by m o n o t y p y . Dolichoderus senior syn­ o n y m of Hypoclinea a n d Monads: Forel, 1878: 386. Dolichoderus senior s y n o n y m of Acanthoclinea a n d Diceratoclinea: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 9 3 . Dolichoderus senior s y n o n y m of Acanthoclinea, Diabolus (junior h o m o n y m ) , Diceratoclinea, Hypoclinea, Karawajewella, Monads a n d Monoceratoclinea, a n d review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66. Key to Australian s p e d e s : Clark, 1930b: 252. Keys to Neotropical s p e d e s : Kempf, 1959b: 227; Kempf, 1969: 292; Kempf, 1972c: 2 5 3 ; Lattke, 1987b: 2 6 3 ; MacKay, 1993b: 17. See also: Shattuck, 1994:39. *DOLICHOMYRMA (*Armaniinae) *Dolichomyrma DIussky, 1975: 1 2 1 . Type-spedes: *Dolichomyrma longiceps, by original designation. *Dolichomyrma placed in *Armaniidae: DIussky, 1983: 66. *Dolichomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Wilson, 1 9 8 7 : 4 9 ; Holldobler & Wil­ son, 1990: 9. *Dolichomyrma revived from synon­ y m y : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 ; Carpenter, 1992:491. #DOLICHORHACHIS (subgenus of Polyrhachis) Dolichorhachis M a n n , 1919: 386 [as subgenus of Poly­ rhachis]. Type-spedes: Polyrhachis (Dolichorhachis) malaensis, by m o n o t y p y . Dolichorhachis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 180 (unconfirmed). DOLIOPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Dolioponera B r o w n , 1974e: 3 1 . Type-spedes: Dolioponerafustigera, by original designation. DOLOPHRA (junior s y n o n y m of Camponotus) Dolophra W u & Wang, 1994: 35. Type-spedes: Dolophrapolitae, by original designation. Dolophra j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus (subgenus indetermi­ nate): n e w s y n o n y m . DONISTHORPEA (junior s y n o n y m of Lasius) Donisthorpea Morice & D u r r a n t , 1 9 1 5 : 4 2 3 . Type-spe­ d e s : Formica nigra, by original designation. [Unnec­ essary r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Lasius Fabridus.] Donisthorpea subgenus of Formidna: Emery, 1916b: 239. Donisthorpea j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Acanthomyops: Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 6 0 . Donisthorpea junior s y n o n y m of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172. [Lasius and Donisthorpea share t h e same type-species; s y n o n y m y is therefore absolute.] DORISIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Dorisidris B r o w n , 1948e: 116. Type-spedes: Strumigenys (Codiomyrmex) nitens, by original designa­ tion. [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.]

DORONOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini) DoronomyrmexKutter, 1945: 4 8 5 . Type-spedes: Doronomyrmexpacis, by m o n o t y p y . Doronomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 180 (unconfirmed). Partial revision of g e n u s : Buschinger, 1 9 8 1 : 2 1 1 . DOROTHEA (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia) Dorothea Donisthorpe, 1948c: 6 5 . Type-spedes: Doro­ thea novobritainae, by m o n o t y p y . Dorothea j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Vollenhovia: Ettershank, 1966: 146. DORYLOZELUS (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys) Dorylozelus Forel, 1915b: 2 4 . Type-species: Dorylozelus mjobergi (junior secondary h o m o n y m in Leptogenys, replaced by Leptogenys tricosa), by monotypy. Dorylozelus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: Taylor, 1969: 132. DORYLUS (Dorylinae) Dorylus Fabridus, 1793: 365. Type-spedes: Vespa helvola, by m o n o t y p y . Subgenera of Dorylus (alpha­ betical order w i t h s y n o n y m s indicated): n o m i n a l plus Alaopone, Anomma, Cosmaecetes (junior syn­ o n y m of Typhlopone), Dichthadia, Rhogmus, Shuckardia (junior s y n o n y m oi Alaopone), Sphegomyrmex (junior s y n o n y m oi Anomma), Typhlopone. Key to Indo-Australian s p e d e s : Wilson, 1964a: 4 3 6 ; see also Gotwald, 1 9 8 2 : 1 5 7 . DORYMYRMEX (DoHchoderinae) Dorymyrmex Mayr, 1866a: 4 9 4 . Type-spedes: Dorymyrmex flavescens, by m o n o t y p y . Dorymyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Psammomyrma: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text). Dorymyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Psammomyrma a n d Spinomyrma: Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 9 3 . Dorymyrmex senior s y n o n y m y of Con­ omyrma (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Biconomyrma and Araucomyrmex {and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Ammomyrma}), a n d review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 77. See also: Shattuck, 1994: 7 3 . DREPANOGNATHUS (junior s y n o n y m of Harpegnathos) Drepanognathus Smith, F. 1858b: 8 1 . Type-spedes: Harpegnathos saltator, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 4 9 . [Unnecessary replacement n a m e for Harpegnathos^ Drepanognathus j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Harpegnathos: Roger, 1863b: 22; Forel, 1900c: 6 3 . [Drepanognathus i n c o r r e d l y subsequently used as senior n a m e : Bingham, 1903:49.] *DRYMOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Camponotini) *Drymomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 135. Type-spe­ d e s : *Drymomyrmexfusdpennis, by original designa­ tion. [Note: this n a m e sometimes misspelled as *Dryomyrmex, for example in Donisthorpe, 1920: 93.] DYCLONA (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla) Dyclona Santschi, 1930b: 70 (footnote) [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla]. Type-spedes: Monomorium cristatum, by original designation. Dyclona provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Dyclona j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: Bolton, 1982: 309. DYOMORIUM (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia) Dyomorium Donisthorpe, 1947d: 1 9 1 . Type-spedes: Dyomorium ireneum, by original designation. Dyomor­ ium j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: Ettershank, 1966:146.

Genus-Group Taxa

27

DYSEDROGNATHUS (Myrrmcinae: Dacetini) Dysedrognathus Taylor, 1968d: 132. Type-species: Dysedrognathus extemenus, by original designation. [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] ECHINOPLA (Formicinae: Camponotini) Echinopla Smith, F. 1857a: 79. Type-species: Echinopla melanarctos, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 162. Echinopla senior s y n o n y m of Mesoxena: Bolton, 1994: 50. ECITON ( E d t o n i n a e : E d t o n i n i ) Eciton Latreille, 1 8 0 4 : 1 7 9 . Type-spedes: Formica hamata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1 8 4 0 : 1 7 3 . Eciton senior syn­ o n y m of Camptognatha, a n d material of Ancylognathus (nomen nudum) referred h e r e : Smith, F. 1855c: 160. Eciton senior s y n o n y m of Mayromyrmex: Emery, 1906a: 7 1 8 . Eciton senior syn­ o n y m of Holopone: Borgmeier, 1936: 55. Revision of g e n u s : Borgmeier, 1955b: 162. Key to s p e d e s : Watkins, 1976: 9. ECPHORELLA (Dolichoderinae) Ecphorella Forel, 1909b: 65 [as subgenus of Tapinoma]. Type-spedes: Tapinoma (Ecphorella) wellmani, by m o n o t y p y . Ecphorella provisionally raised to g e n u s : B r o w n , 1973b: 169. Ecphorella raised to genus, a n d review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 8 5 . ECTATOMMA (Ponerinae: E d a t o m m i n i ) Ectatomma Smith, F. 1858b: 102. Type-spedes: Formica tuberculata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 82. Revisions of genus: B r o w n , 1958g: 206; Kugler, C. & B r o w n , 1982: 6. See also: Lattke, 1994: 109. ECTOMOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Ectomomyrmex Mayr, 1867a: 8 3 . Type-spedes: Ectomomyrmexjavanus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 8 5 . Ectomomyrmexsubgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901a: 4 2 . Ectomomyrmex revived status as g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 8 . Ectomomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Ectomomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in prepara­ tion. Key t o Melanesian s p e d e s : Wilson, 1958d: 362. *ElAEOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae) *Elaeomyrmex Carpenter, 1 9 3 0 : 4 8 . Type-spedes: *Elaeomyrmex gracilis, by original designation. ELASMOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Elasmopheidole Forel, 1913k: 4 3 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole aberrans, by sub­ s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1922e: 110. Elasmopheidole provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Elasmopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366. Key to s p e d e s : Gallardo, 1932c: 179 (out of date). *ELECTROMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae: u n p l a c e d to tribe) *Electromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 164 (by indica­ tion). Type-spedes: *Electromyrmex klebsi, b y m o n o t y p y . [*Electromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 4 1 3 , nomen nudum.] *Electromyrmex description of genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 55. ELECTROPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Electropheidole M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 3 8 [as s u b g e n u s of Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole (Electropheidole) roosevelti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 642. Electropheidole provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 180.

28

Genus-Group Taxa

Electropheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366. *ELECTROPONERA (Ponerinae: E d a t o m m i n i ) *Electroponera Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 34. Type-spedes: *Electroponera dubia, by m o n o t y p y . See also: Lattke, 1994: 116. EMERYELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Emeryella Forel, 1901e: 334. Type-spedes: Emeryella schmitti, by m o n o t y p y . Emeryella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g: 2 1 1 . EMERYIA (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla) Emeryia Forel, 1890b: ex. Type-spedes: Emeryia wroughtonii, b y m o n o t y p y . Emeryia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: Forel, 1892g: 4 6 1 ; Forel, 1892i: 313. EMERYOPONE (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Emeryopone Forel, 1912m: 7 6 1 . Type-spedes: Emeryopone buttelreepeni, by m o n o t y p y . [Emeryopone also described as n e w b y Forel, 1913k: 14.] Emeryopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Belonopelta: Baroni Urbani 1975b: 296 (key to s p e d e s : 2 9 8 ) . Emeryopone revived from s y n o n y m y : B r o w n , in p r e p a r a t i o n . *EMPLASTUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini) *Emplastus Donisthorpe, 1 9 2 0 : 8 6 . Type-spedes: *Emplastus emeryi, by original designation. ENDIODIOCTES (junior s y n o n y m oiMyrmecocystus) Endiodioctes Snelling, 1976: 25 [as subgenus of Myrmecocystus]. Type-spedes: Myrmecocystus melliger, by original designation. Key to s p e d e s : Snelling, 1976: 2 7 . Endiodioctes j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmecocystus: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 3 . ENERIA (junior s y n o n y m of Strumigenys) Eneria Donisthorpe, 1948d: 5 9 8 . Type-spedes: Eneria excisa (junior s y n o n y m of Strumigenys loriae), by orig­ inal designation. Eneria j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Strumigenys:Biown, 1949d: 15. ENGRAMMA (junior s y n o n y m of Technomyrmex) Engramma Forel, 1905b: 180. Type-spedes: Engramma lujae, b y m o n o t y p y . Key t o s p e d e s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 202 (out of date). Engramma j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Technomyrmex: Shattuck, 1992c: 153. *ENNEAMERUS (Myrmicinae: Myrmecinini?) *Enneamerus Mayr, 1868c: 98. Type-spedes: *Enneamerus reticulatus, by m o n o t y p y . *EOCENIDRIS (Myrmicinae: u n p l a c e d to tribe) *Eocenidris Wilson, 1985d: 2 0 9 . Type-spedes: *Eocenidris crassa, by original designation. *EOFORMICA (Myrmicinae: u n p l a c e d t o tribe) *Eoformica Cockerell, 1 9 2 1 : 3 8 . Type-spedes: *Eoformica eocenica (junior s y n o n y m of *Eoformicapingue), by m o n o t y p y . *Eoformica transferred from P o n e r i n a e to Myrmicinae: Carpenter, 1930: 17. EOMONOCOMBUS (junior s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis) Eomonocombus Arnol'di, 1968: 1815 [as subgenus of Cataglyphis]. Type-spedes: Myrmecocystus cinnamomeus, by original designation. Eomonocombus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Eomonocombus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis: Agosti, 1990a: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103. *EOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: u n p l a c e d to tribe) *Eomyrmex Hong, 1 9 7 4 : 1 3 8 . Type-spedes: *Eomyrmex guchengziensis (spelling h e r e e m e n d e d from *guchengzienis), by m o n o t y p y .

*EOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of *Formicium) *Eoponera Carpenter, 1929: 3 0 1 . Type-spedes: *Eoponera berryi, by original designation. *Eoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Formitium: Lutz, 1986: 189. *EOTAPINOMA (Dolichoderinae) *Eotapinoma DIussky, 1988: 54. Type-spedes: *Eotapinoma gracilis, by original designation. EPELYSWRIS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) Epelysidris Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 7 9 . Type-spedes: Epelysidris brocha, b y original designation. EPHEBOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pogonomyrmex) EphebomyrmexWheeler, W.M. 1902c: 390 [as subge­ n u s of Pogonomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Pogonomyrmex naegelii, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 1 6 3 . Ephebomyrmex raised to g e n u s : Kusnezov, 1960b: 350. Ephebomyrmex subgenus of Pogonomyrmex: Cole, 1968: 2 2 . Ephebomyrmex revived status as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 106; m a i n ­ tained as g e n u s : B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Studies of N o r t h American s p e d e s : Creighton, 1957a: 54; Cole, 1968: 22; Snelling, 1982a: 109. Ephebomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pogonomyrmex: Bolton, 1994: 106. EPIATTA (junior s y n o n y m of Neoatta) Epiatta Borgmeier, 1950d: 246 [as subgenus oi Atta]. Type-spedes: Oecodoma laevigata, by original designa­ tion. Epiatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: Weber, 1958a: 8. Epiatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Neoatta: Borgmeier, 1959b: 3 5 8 . [Neoatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta:Bo\t o n , 1994: 105.] EPIMYRMA ( M y n m d n a e : Forrmcoxeirmi) Epimyrma Emery, 1915a: 2 6 2 . Type-spedes: Epimyrma kraussei, by original designation. Epimyrma provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 180 (unconfirmed). Epimyrma provisional senior s y n o n y m of Myrmoxenus (and its j u n i o r syn­ o n y m Myrmetaerus): Buschinger, 1990: 2 4 5 ; confirmed Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . Revisions of g e n u s : Menozzi, 1931c: 36; Kutter, 1973e: 2 8 1 ; Buschin­ ger, 1 9 8 9 : 2 6 5 . Subgenera of Epimyrma: n o m i n a l plus Gonepimyrma. EPIPHEWOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Epipheidole Vi'heeler, W.M. 1903f: 664. Type-spedes: Epipheidole inquilina, by m o n o t y p y . [Epipheidole also described as n e w by Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 14.] Epipheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Cole, 1965: 174. EPITRITUS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Epitritus Emery, 1869a: 136. Type-spedes: Epitritus argiolus, by m o n o t y p y . Review of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1948e: 122. Key to world s p e d e s : Bolton, 1972: 208; t o Afrotropical s p e d e s : Bolton, 1983: 354. [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] EPLXENUS (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium) Epixenus Emery, 1908f: 556. Type-spedes: Epixenus andrei (junior secondary h o m o n y m i n Monomorium, replaced b y Monomorium advena), by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 163. Epixenus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: B r o w n & Wilson, 1957b: 2 4 4 ; discussion a n d confirmation of s y n o n ­ y m y : Bolton, 1987: 292; Tinaut & Ortiz, 1 9 8 8 : 1 6 7 . EPOECUS (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium) Epoecus Emery, 1893a: eclxxvi. Type-spedes: Epoecus pergandei, by m o n o t y p y . Epoecus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 8 2 ; see also Bolton, 1987: 2 9 8 .

EPOPOSTRUMA (Myrrmcinae: Dacetini) Epopostruma Forel, 1895f: 4 2 2 [as subgenus of Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Epopostruma) quadrispinosa, by s u b s e q u e n t designa­ tion of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 163. Epopostruma raised to genus: Emery, 1897c: 5 7 3 . Epopostruma provisional senior s y n o n y m of Hexadaceton: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Epopostruma senior s y n o n y m of Hexadaceton: Taylor 8- B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 63 (acceptedas confirmation). [EQUESSIMESSOR (misspelling) Equessimessor Santschi, 1936a: 32, incorrect sub­ s e q u e n t spelling of Equestrimessor.] EQUESTRIMESSOR (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium) Equestrimessor Santschi, 1919d: 92 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex chobauti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943E 644. Equestrimessor j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; see also discussion in Bolton, 1987: 2 9 7 . [Equessimessor: see above.] EREBOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex) Erebomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1903a: 138. Type-species: Erebomyrma longii, by m o n o t y p y . Erebomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Spelaeomyrmex: Wilson, 1962a: 6 3 . Erebomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119. Erebomyrma revived from s y n o n y m y : Wilson, 1986b: 6 1 ; r e t u r n e d to s y n o n ­ y m y of Oligomyrmex:Bolton, 1994: 106. EREMNOCYSTUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmecocystus) Eremnocystus Snelling, 1976: 92 [as subgenus of Myrmecocystus]. Type-species: Myrmecocystus creightoni, by original designation. Key to species: Snelling, 1976: 9 3 . Eremnocystus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmecocystus: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 3 . ERICAPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone) Ericapelta Kusnezov, 1 9 5 5 : 2 7 3 . Type-spedes: . Ericapelta egregia, by m o n o t y p y . Ericapelta j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Amblyopone: B r o w n , 1960a: 156. ERIMELOPHORUS (junior s y n o n y m of Melophorus) Erimelophorus Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 71 [as subgenus of Melophorus]. Type-species: Melophorus wheeleri, by original designation. Erimelophorus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Melophorus: B r o w n , 1 9 5 5 d : 4 7 4 . ERIOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Eriopheidole Kusnezov, 1952a: 10. Type-spedes: Eriopheidole symbiotica (unresolved j u n i o r secondary h o m o n y m in Pheidole), by m o n o t y p y . Eriopheidole provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Eriopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366. ESCHERICHIA (junior s y n o n y m of Probolomyrmex) Escherichia Forel, 1910c: 2 4 5 . Type-spedes: Escherichia brevirostris, by m o n o t y p y . Escherichia j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Probolomyrmex: Taylor, 1965d: 346. EUBOTHROPONERA (junior s y n o n y m oi Platythyrea) Eubothroponera Clark, 1930c: 8. Type-spedes: Eubothroponera dentinodis, b y original designation. Eubothroponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Platythyrea: Brown, 1975: 6. #EUCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Eucrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as s u b g e n u s of Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Formica acuta, by origi­ nal designation. Eucrema provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 180 (unconfirmed). [Emery, 1919b: 62; Emery, 1922e:

137; a n d Soulie, 1965: 78 incorrectly treat Eucrema as a j u n i o r s y n o n y m of subgenus Crematogaster sensu stricto. This stems from Emery's (1912d: 272) unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation oi Formica acuta as t y p e - s p e d e s of Crematogaster; see above u n d e r t h a t genus.] EUCRYPTOCERUS (Myrmicinae: Cephalotini) Eucryptocerus Kemvi, 1 9 5 1 : 1 2 7 . Type-spedes: Cryptocerus oculatus, b y original designation. Eucryptocerus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cephalotes: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Eucryptocerus valid g e n u s : Kempf, 1973c: 4 6 0 . Key to s p e d e s : Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 128. *EULITHOMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae: Agroecomyrmedni) *Eulithomyrmex Carpenter, 1935: 9 1 . R e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for *Lithomyrmex Carpenter, 1930: 34. [Junior h o m o n y m of Lithomyrmex Clark, 1928a: 30.] EUMECOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Eumecopone Forel, 1901e: 335 [as subgenus of Neoponera]. Type-spedes: Neoponera (Eumecopone) agilis, by m o n o t y p y . Eumecopone provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Eumecopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: Brown, i n preparation. EUOPHTHALMA (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis) Euophthalma Creighton, 1930b: 4 3 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-spedes: Myrmicaglobularia, by origi­ nal designation. Euophthalma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134. EUPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Euponera Forel, 1891b: 126 [as subgenus of Ponera]. Type-spedes: Ponera (Euponera) sikorae, by m o n o t y p y . Euponera raised to g e n u s : Emery, 1901a: 46. Euponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation. EUPRENOLEPIS (Formicinae: Lasiini) Euprenolepis Emery, 1906b: 134 [as subgenus of Prenolepis]. Type-spedes: Prenolepis procera, by original designation. Euprenolepis raised t o genus, a n d senior s y n o n y m of Chapmanella: B r o w n , 1953h: 6. EURHOPALOTHRIX (Myrrmcinae: Basicerotini) Eurhopalothrix B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 1 : 4 4 . Type-spe­ d e s : Rhopalothrix bolaui, by original designation. [EurhopalothrixBrown & Kempf, 1960: 202, unavailable n a m e , p r o p o s e d w i t h o u t designation of type-spedes.] Keys to world s p e d e s : B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 2 4 5 ; to Indo-Australian s p e d e s : Tay­ lor, 1968b: 334; Taylor, 1990b: 4 0 1 . EUSPHINCTUS (junior s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex) Eusphinctus Emery, 1893a: cclxxv. Type-spedes: Eusphinctusfurcatus, by m o n o t y p y . Eusphinctus subge­ n u s of Sphinctomyrmex: Emery, 1895k: 4 5 6 ; m a i n ­ tained as subgenus: Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 9 . Eusphinctus revived status as g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219. Eusphinctus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex:Brown, 1973b: 180. Eusphinctus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex: B r o w n , 1975: 31. EUTETRAMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini) Eutetramorium Emery, 1899f: 2 8 0 . Type-spedes: Eutetramorium mocquerysi, by s u b s e q u e n t designa­ tion of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 163. Notes o n genus: Bolton, 1976: 2 9 3 .

EVELYN A (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmothrinax) Evelyna Donisthorpe, 1937c: 2 7 3 [as subgenus of Poly­ rhachis]. Type-spedes: Polyrhachis (Evelyna) cheesmanae, by original designation. Evelyna j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmothrinax: H u n g , 1967b: 4 0 2 . EXAMBLYOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Prionopelta) Examblyopone Donisthorpe, 1949g: 4 0 1 . Type-spedes: Examblyopone churchilli (junior s y n o n y m of Prionopelta majuscula), b y original designation. Examblyopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Prionopelta: Brown, 1951:102. FLORENCEA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmhopla) Florencea Donisthorpe, 1937a: 6 2 4 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-spedes: Polyrhachis (Florencea) kirkae (junior s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis nigriceps), by original designation. Florencea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmhopla:Hung, 1967b: 402. FORELIFIDIS (junior s y n o n y m of Oxyepoecus) Forelifidis Smith, M.R. 1954a: 17. Replacement n a m e for Martia Forel, 1907a: 2 0 . [Junior h o m o n y m of Martia Ragonot, 1887: 18.] Forelifidis j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Oxyepoecus:Brown, 1955b: 68. FORELIUS (Dolichoderinae) ForeliusEmtry, 1888d: 389. Type-spedes: Iridomyrmex mccooki, by m o n o t y p y . Forelius senior s y n o n y m of Amyrmex a n d Neoforelius, a n d review of g e n u s : Shattuck, 1992c: 8 7 . Key to Neotropical s p e d e s : Kusnezov, 1957b: 16. FORELOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pogonomyrmex) Forelomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80 [as subgenus of Pogonomyrmex]. Replacement n a m e for Janetia Forel, 1899c: 61 (footnote). [Junior h o m o n y m of Janetia Kieffer, 1896: 236.] Forelomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pogonomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 180; confirmed Bolton, 1994: 106. FORELOPHILUS

( F o r m i d n a e : Camponotini)

Forelophilus Kutter, 1931b: 193. Type-spedes: Forelophilus overbecki, by m o n o t y p y . FORMICA (Formicinae: Formicini) Formica Linnaeus, 1758: 579. Type-species: Formica rufa, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Curtis, 1829: 752. Formica senior s y n o n y m of Formidna: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164. For­ mica senior s y n o n y m of Raptiformica and Serviformica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote). Formica senior s y n o n y m of Coptoformica (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Adformica), Serviformica a n d Raptiformica: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448. Formica senior s y n o n y m of Neoformica: Buren, 1968a: 39. Formica senior s y n o n y m of Serviformica: Francoeur, 1973: 34. Formica senior s y n o n y m of Coptoformica (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Adformica), Formidna, Hypochira, Iberoformica, Neoformica, Raptiformica a n d Serviformica: Agosti, 1994a: 106. Keys to Nearctic fauna: Creighton, 1950a: 4 5 6 ; Francoeur, 1973: 272 (fusca-grouv); Buren, 1968a: 36 a n d Snelling & Buren, 1985: 71 (sanguinea-growp); to Palaearctic fauna: DIussky, 1967a: 39 (former U.S.S.R.); DIussky, 1976b: 80 (*Baltic Amber); DIussky, 1965a: 15 (Mongolia a n d Tibet); Amol'diS-DIussky, 1978: 552 (former E u r o p e a n U.S.S.R.); Bernard, 1 9 6 7 : 2 8 7 (France a n d M e d i t e r r a n e a n basin); Collingwood, 1978: 93 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 112 (Fennoscandia a n d D e n m a r k ) ; Agosti & Colling­ w o o d , 1987b: 285 (Balkans); Kutter, 1977c: 236

Genus-Group Taxa

29

(Switzerland); Gosswald, 1 9 8 5 : 2 7 4 (Germany). See also for ra/a-group: Cotti, 1 9 6 3 : 1 ; Gosswald, 1989: 1; Gosswald, 1990: 1. FORMICINA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica) Formidna Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172. Type-spedes: Formica rufa, by s u b s e q u e n t desig­ n a t i o n of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164. Formidna j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 164. Formidna u n n e c e s ­ sarily a n d i n c o r r e d l y used as replacement n a m e for Lasius Fabridus: Emery, 1916b: 239; Bondroit, 1 9 1 8 : 1 9 ; see also Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172. Formidna incorrectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lasius: Emery, 1925b: 2 2 6 . Formidna junior s y n o n y m of Formica: Donisthorpe, 1943f: 646; Agosti, 1994a: 106. Formidna incorrectly as provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Lasius: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. [As Formica a n d Formidna share t h e s a m e t y p e - s p e d e s t h e s y n o n ­ y m y is absolute.] FORMICITES (collective group n a m e ) Formidtes DIussky, 1981b: 75 [collective group n a m e , w i t h o u t included n a m e d taxa.] FORMICIUM

(*Forrmciinae)

Formidum Westwood, 1854: 3 9 3 . Type-spedes: *Formidum brodiei, by m o n o t y p y . *Formidum j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Pseudosirex (family *Pseudosiriddae): Handlirsch, 1906: 577. *Formitium revived from syn­ o n y m y as g e n u s of F o r m i d d a e : Cockerell, 1920: 279. *Formidum senior s y n o n y m of *Eoponera, a n d revision of g e n u s : Lutz, 1986: 182. [*Formidum incorrectly as senior s y n o n y m of *Pseudosirex: Holldobler & Wilson, 1 9 9 0 : 1 7 ; i n c o r r e d l y retained in *Pseudosiriddae: Abe & Smith, 1 9 9 1 : 34.] *Formidum senior s y n o n y m of *Megapterites: Lutz, 1990:61. FORMICOXENUS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini) Formicoxenus Mayr, 1 8 5 5 : 4 1 3 . Type-spedes: Myrmica nitidula, by m o n o t y p y . Formicoxenus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Formicoxenus valid genus, senior s y n o n y m of Symmyrmica, a n d revision of g e n u s : Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 3 4 3 . FROGGATTELLA (Dolichoderinae) Froggattella Forel, 1902h: 4 5 9 . Type-spedes: Acantholepis kirbii, by original designation. Key to s p e d e s : Wheeler, W.M. 1936a: 5. Review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 9 5 . FULAKORA (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmatomma) Fulakora M a n n , 1919: 279 [as subgenus of Stigmatomma]. Type-spedes: Stigmatomma (Fulakora) celata, by original designation. Fulakora j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Stigmatomma: B r o w n , 1949c: 8 8 . [Stigmatomma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone: B r o w n , 1960a: 155.] GAESOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Gesomyrmex) Gaesomyrmex Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 7 5 , unjustified e m e n ­ dation of Gesomyrmex. Gaesomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gesomyrmex: Forel, 1893a: 167. GALLARDOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Gallardomyrma Bruch, 1 9 3 2 : 2 7 1 . Type-spedes: Gallardomyrma argentina, by original designation. Gallardomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 180. Gallardomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 6 ; Wil­ son, 1984: 327.

30

Genus-Group Taxa

GAUROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia) Gauromyrmex Menozzi, 1933c: 146. Type-spedes: Gauromyrmex bengakalisi, by m o n o t y p y . Gauromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Acalama a n d Solenomyrma: B r o w n , 1953c: 10. Gauromyrmex provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: B r o w n , 1973b: 180; confirmed Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . GEOGNOMICUS (junior s y n o n y m of Dicroaspis) Geognomicus Menozzi, 1924b: 2 2 0 . Type-spedes: Geognomicus wheeleri (junior s y n o n y m of Diaoaspis cryptocera), by original designation. Geognomicus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Diaoaspis: Bolton, 1981a: 56. GESOMYRMEX (Formicinae: G e s o m y r m e d n i ) Gesomyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 50. Type-spedes: *Gesomyrmexhoernesi, by m o n o t y p y . Gesomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Gaesomyrmex: Forel, 1893a: 167; Emery, 1925b: 4 7 . Gesomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Dimorphomyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1929a: 1. Revision of genus: Cole, 1949: 7 1 . GIGANTIOPS (Formicinae: Gigantiopini) Gigantiops Roger, 1863b: 1 1 . Type-spedes: Formica destrudor, by m o n o t y p y . GLAMYROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Glamyromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 4 8 7 . Type-spe­ d e s : Glamyromyrmex beebei, b y m o n o t y p y . Glamyromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Borgmeierita: B r o w n , 1973a: 3 5 . Key to Neotropical s p e d e s : Kempf, 1960f: 4 4 7 ; t o Afrotropical s p e d e s : Bolton, 1983: 3 2 1 . [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] *GLAPHYROMYRMEX ( F o r m i d n a e : Formicini) *Glaphyromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 1 3 1 . Type-spe­ d e s : *Glaphyromyrmexoligocenicus, by m o n o t y p y . GLYPHOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex) Glyphopone Forel, 1913b: 3 0 8 . Type-spedes: Glyphopone bequaerti, b y m o n o t y p y . Glyphopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex: B r o w n , 1 9 6 3 : 9 . GLYPTOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmicocrypta) GlyptomyrmexFoxei, 1885a: 3 6 5 . Type-spedes: Glyptomyrmex dilaceratum, by m o n o t y p y . Glyptomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmicocrypta: Emery, 1894c: 2 2 4 . GNAMPTOGENYS (Ponerinae: E t t a t o m m i n i ) Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863a: 174. Type-spedes: Ponera tomata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1911 d: 4 4 . [Type-spedes n o t Ectatomma condnna as desig­ n a t e d by Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 164; see Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.] Gnamptogenys subgenus of Ectatomma: Mayr, 1887: 540; m a i n t a i n e d as subge­ n u s : Dalla Torre, 1893: 2 3 ; Emery, 191 Id: 4 4 ; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 4 . Gnamptogenys revived status as genus, senior s y n o n y m oi Alfaria (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Opisthoscyphus), Barbourella, Com­ mateta, Emeryella, Holcoponera, Parectatomma, Poneracantha, Rhopalopone (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Midoponera), Spaniopone, Stidoponera, Tammoteca, Wheeleripone, a n d revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1958g: 2 1 1 . Key to N e w World s p e d e s : B r o w n , 1958g: 230; t o Old World s p e d e s : B r o w n , 1958g: 237. #GONEPIMYRMA (subgenus oi Epimyrma) Gonepimyrma Bernard, 1 9 4 8 : 1 4 6 [as subgenus of Epimyrma]. Type-spedes: Epimyrma (Gonepimyrma) africana, by m o n o t y p y . Gonepimyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Epimyrma: B r o w n , 1973b: 181 (unconfirmed).

GONIOMMA (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini) Goniomma Emery, 1895c: 2 9 8 [as subgenus of Stenamma]. Type-spedes: Aphaenogaster bland, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 164. Goniomma raised to genus: Emery, 1908e: 4 6 0 . Key to s p e d e s : Santschi, 1929e: 145 (out of date). Partial revision of genus: Acosta Salmeron, 1982: 7. GONIOTHORAX (junior h o m o n y m , see Nesomyrmex) Goniothorax Emery, 1896g: 58 (diagnosis in key) [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-spedes: Leptothorax vicinus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 164. [Junior h o m o n y m of Goniothorax Milne-Edwards, 1879: 103 (Crustacea).] Goniothorax E m e r y senior s y n o n y m of Caulomyrma a n d Nesomyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 2 4 9 . Nesomyrmex first available replacement n a m e for Goniothorax Emery: Smith, M.R. 1950: 30. GRANISOLENOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis) Granisolenopsis Kusnezov, 1957a: 2 7 7 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsis (Granisolenopsis) granivora, by original designation. Granisolenopsis j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134. GYMNOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Gymnomyrmex Borgmeier, 1954b: 279. Type-spedes: Gymnomyrmex splendens, by original designation. Keys to s p e d e s : Kempf, 1960f: 4 5 1 ; Perrault, 1986: 3. [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] HAGENSIA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Hagensia Forel, 190 If: 333 [as subgenus of Megaloponera (sic)]. Type-spedes:Megaloponera (sic) (Hagensia) havilandi, by m o n o t y p y . Hagensia subge­ n u s oi Euponera: Forel, 1917: 2 3 7 . Hagensia raised to genus: Arnold, 1 9 2 6 : 2 0 2 . Revision of g e n u s : Arnold, 1 9 5 1 : 5 3 . Hagensia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation. ^HAGIOMYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis) Hagiomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-spedes: Formica ammon, by original designation. Hagiomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 181 (unconfirmed). HAGIOSTIGMACROS (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmacros) Hagiostigmacros McAreavey, 1 9 5 7 : 1 9 [as subgenus of Stigmacros]. Type-spedes: Stigmacros barretti, by origi­ n a l designation. Hagiostigmacros provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Hagiostigmacros j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 4 5 (accepted as confirmation). HAGIOXENUS (junior s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex) Hagioxenus Forel, 1910a: 8. Type-spedes: Hagioxenus schmitzi, by m o n o t y p y . Hagioxenus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex: Bolton, 1986a: 2. HALMAMYRMECIA (junior s y n o n y m of Promyrmeda) Halmamyrmecia Wheeler, W.M. 1922b: 195 [as subge­ n u s of Myrmeda]. Type-spedes: Myrmeda pilosula, by original designation. Halmamyrmecia j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Promyrmeda: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 119. [Pro­ myrmeda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmeda: B r o w n , 1953J: 1.] HARNEDIA (junior s y n o n y m of Paracryptocerus) Harnedia Smith, M.R. 1949c: 20 [as subgenus of Paracryptocerus]. Type-spedes: Cryptocerus umbraculatus, by original designation. Revision of subgenus: Kempf, 1958a: 6 1 . Harnedia j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Paracryptocerus: Kempf, 1972a: 175.

[Paracryptocerus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Zacryptocerus: Kempf, 1973c: 460.] HARPAGOXENUS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini) Harpagoxenus Forel, 1893a: 167. Replacement n a m e for Tomognathus Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 56. [Junior h o m o n y m of Tomognathus Agassiz, 1850: 376.] HARPEGNATHOS (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Harpegnathos Jerdon, 1 8 5 1 : 1 1 6 . Type-species: Harpegnathos saltator, b y m o n o t y p y . Harpegnathos senior s y n o n y m of Drepanognathus: Roger, 1863b: 22. Harpegnathos incorrectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Drepanognathus:DaRa Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 . Harpegnathos senior s y n o n y m of Drepanognathus: Forel, 1893a: 166; Forel, 1900c: 6 3 . ttHEDOMYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis) Hedomyrma Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Poly­ rhachis] . Type-species: Polyrhachis ornata, by original designation. Hedomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Morleyidris: H u n g , 1967b: 4 0 2 . Hedomyrma provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 181 (unconfirmed). #HEMIOPTICA (subgenus of Polyrhachis) Hemioptica Roger, 1862a: 2 3 8 . Type-species: Hemioptica scissa, by m o n o t y p y . Hemioptica subgenus of Poly­ rhachis: Mayr, 1872: 138. Hemioptica revived status as g e n u s : Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 7 1 ; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Emery, 1925b: 2 0 9 . Hemioptica provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 181 (unconfirmed); h e r e reverts to subgenus of Poly­ rhachis. HENDECAPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Hendecapheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1922d: 3 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole tachigaliae, by original designation. Hendecapheidole senior syn­ o n y m of Cephalomorium: Santschi, 1925d: 2 2 8 . Hendecapheidole provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Hendecapheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366. HENDECATELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex) Hendecatella Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 93 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Oligomyrmex (Hendecatella) capreolus, by m o n o t y p y . Hendecatella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119. HEPTACONDYLUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmicaria) Heptacondylus Smith, F. 1857a: 7 1 . Type-spedes: Heptacondylus subcarinatus, by s u b s e q u e n t designa­ tion of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 164. Heptacondylus senior s y n o n y m of Physatta: Mayr, 1862: 755 (in text); see also Roger, 1863b: 2 7 . Heptacondylus j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Myrmicaria: Smith, F. 1865: 7 3 . HEPTASTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Rhopalothrix) Heptastruma Weber, 1934a: 54. Type-spedes: Heptastruma wheeleri (junior secondary h o m o n y m in Rhopalothrix, replaced by Rhopalothrix weberi), by original designation. Heptastruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhopalothrix: B r o w n 6- Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 2 3 0 . HERCYNIA (junior s y n o n y m of Wasmannia) Hercynia E n z m a n n , J. 1947a: 4 3 . Type-spedes: Hercyniapanamana (junior s y n o n y m of Wasmannia auropunctata), b y m o n o t y p y . Hercynia j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Wasmannia: B r o w n , 1948d: 102. HETEROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia) Heteromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 5 3 . Type-spedes: Vollenhovia rufiventris, by original designation.

Heteromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: Ettershank, 1966: 146. HETEROPONERA (Ponerinae: E d a t o m n i i n i ) Heteroponera Mayr, 1887: 532. Type-spedes: Heteroponera carinifrons, by m o n o t y p y . Heteroponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acanthoponera: Emery, 1911 d: 3 5 . Heteroponera revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­ n u s of Acanthoponera: Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 6 . Heteroponera revived status as genus: B r o w n , 1952h: 70. Heteroponera senior s y n o n y m of Anacanthoponera: B r o w n , 1952h: 70. Heteroponera senior s y n o n y m of Paranomopone: B r o w n , in Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 2 . Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1958g: 194. Key to Neotropical s p e d e s : Kempf, 1962a: 3 1 . HEXADACETON (junior s y n o n y m of Epopostruma) Hexadaceton B r o w n , 1948e: 120. Type-spedes: Hexadaceton frosti, by original designation. Hexadaceton provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Epopostruma: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Hexadaceton j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Epopostruma: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 63 (accepted as confirmation). HINCKSIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista) Hincksidris Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59 [as subgenus of Myrmelachista]. Replacement n a m e for Decamera Roger, 1863a: 166. [Junior h o m o n y m of Decamera Mulsant, 1842: 503.] Hincksidris provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Hincksidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista: Snell­ ing & Hunt, 1976: 110. [HIPHOPELTA (misspelling) Hiphopelta Forel, 1913a: 108, i n c o r r e d s u b s e q u e n t spelling of Xiphopelta.] HOLCOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium) Holcomyrmex Mayr, 1879: 6 7 1 . Type-spedes: Holcomyrmex scabriceps, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 8 0 . [Holcomyrmex Smith, F. 1873: ix, nomen nudum attributed to Mayr.] Holcomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Emery, 1908h: 667. Holcomyrmex revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­ n u s of Monomorium: Emery, 1915i: 190. Holcomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; see also discussion in Bolton, 1987:295. HOLCOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Holcoponera Mayr, 1887: 540 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-spedes: Gnamptogenysstriatula, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1911 d: 4 0 . Holcoponera raised to g e n u s : Emery, 1902b: 181; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Emery, 191 I d : 40; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 3 . Key to s p e d e s : Santschi, 1929h: 4 7 1 (out of date). Holcoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1 9 5 8 g : 2 1 1 . HOLCOPONERA (junior h o m o n y m , j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cylindromyrmex) Holcoponera Cameron, 1 8 9 1 : 92. Type-spedes: Holcoponera whymperi (junior s y n o n y m of Cyl­ indromyrmex striatus), b y m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m ­ o n y m of Holcoponera Mayr, above.] Holcoponera C a m e r o n j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cylindromyrmex: Forel, 1892f: 2 5 6 . HOLOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Eciton) Holopone Santschi, 1925b: 11 [as subgenus of Eciton]. Type-spedes: Eciton rapax, by original designation. Holopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Eciton: Borgmeier, 1936:55.

HOPLOMYRMUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrma) Hoplomyrmus Gerstacker, 1 8 5 9 : 2 6 2 . Type-spedes: Hoplomyrmus schistaceus, by m o n o t y p y . [Hoplomyrmus also described as n e w by Gerstacker, 1862: 508.] Hoplomyrmus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Poly­ rhachis: Roger, 1861b: 174; Mayr, 1863: 446; Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 5 7 . Hoplomyrmus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 993; Emery, 1925b: 198; Bolton, 1973b: 2 8 8 . HUBERIA

(Myrmicinae: Pheidolini)

Huberia Forel, 1890b: cv. Type-spedes: Tetramorium striatum, by m o n o t y p y . Review of g e n u s : Ettershank, 1966: 155; see also notes in B r o w n , 1958h:25. HYLIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex) Hylidris Weber, 1941a: 190. Type-spedes: Hylidris myersi (junior s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex africanus), by original designation. Hylidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex: B r o w n , 1953c: 9. HYLOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini) Hylomyrma Forel, 1912g: 16 [as subgenus of Pogonomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Pogonomyrmex (Hylomyrma) columbicus, by original designation. Hylomyrma raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 660 ( i n k e y ) ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s B r o w n , 1953h:3. Hylomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Lundella: B r o w n , 1953h: 3. Revision of genus: Kempf, 1973b: 2 2 5 . #HYPERCOLOBOPSIS (subgenus of Camponotus) Hypercolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 250 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Colobopsisparadoxa, by original designation. Hypercolobopsis senior s y n o n y m of Neocolobopsis: Kempf, 1968b: 4 1 1 . Hypercolobopsis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 181 (unconfirmed). HYPOCHIRA (not identifiable to subfamily) Hypochira Buckley, 1866a: 169 [as subgenus of For­ mica]. Type-spedes: Formica (Hypochira) subspinosa, by m o n o t y p y . Hypochira j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formica: Dalla Torre, 1893: 192; Agosti, 1994a: 106. Hypochira questionably j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus:Emery, 1895c: 338; Emery, 1925b: 2 7 1 . Hypochira unplaced t a x o n of Dolichoderinae: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 4 2 2 . Unrecognisable t a x o n . HYPOCLINEA (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus) Hypoclinea Mayr, 1855: 377. Type-spedes: Formica quadripunctata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 165. Hypoclinea j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386. Hypoclinea revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 234; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Emery, 1912g: 10. Hypoclinea raised to g e n u s : Kempf, 1972a: 118. Hypoclinea provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Hypoclinea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66. HYPOCRYPTOCERUS (junior s y n o n y m of Zacryptocerus) Hypocryptocerus Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53 [as subgenus of Cryptocerus]. Type-spedes: Formica haemorrhoidalis, by original designation. Hypocryptocerus raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1936b: 2 0 0 . Revision of genus: Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 143. Hypocryptocerus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Zacryptocerus: Kempf, 1973c: 4 6 0 . HYPOCYLINDROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Cyl­ indromyrmex) HypocylindromyrmexWheeler, W.M. 1924a: 106 [as

Genus-Group Taxa

31

subgenus of Cylindromyrmex]. Type-species: Cyl­ indromyrmex longiceps, by original designation. Hypocylindromyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cylindromyrmex: B r o w n , 1 9 7 3 b : 1 8 1 . Hypocylindromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cyl­ indromyrmex: B r o w n , 1975: 36. HYPOPHEIDOLE {nomen nudum) Hypopheidole Ashmead, 1905b: 383, nomennudum. *HYPOPOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini) *Hypopomyrmex Emery, 1891a: 148. Type-species: *Hypopomyrmexbombiccii, by m o n o t y p y . *Hypopomyrmex transferred from Dacetini to Pheidologetonini: B r o w n & Carpenter, 1 9 7 9 : 4 2 2 . HYPOPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Hypoponera Santschi, 1938b: 79 [as subgenus oi Pon­ era]. Type-species: Ponera abeillei, by original desig­ n a t i o n . Hypoponera raised to genus: Taylor, 1967a: 9. IBEROFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica) Iberoformica Tinaut, 1 9 9 0 : 2 8 2 [as subgenus of For­ mica]. Type-species: Formica subrufa, by original des­ ignation. Iberoformica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formica: Agosti, 1994a: 107. ICOTHORAX (junior s y n o n y m of Myrafant) Icothorax H a m a n n & Klemm, 1 9 6 7 : 4 1 5 [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax (Icothorax) megalops, by m o n o t y p y . Icothorax j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrafant: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 556. Icothorax j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Chalepoxenus: Holldobler & Wil­ son, 1990: 13; reverts h e r e to s y n o n y m y of Myraf­ ant. [Myrafant j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319.] IDRISELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton) Idrisella Santschi, 1937h: 372. Type-species: Pheidologeton dentiviris, by original designation. Idrisella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 115. *ILEMOMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae: Stenammini?) *Ilemomyrmex Wilson, 1985a: 2. Type-species: *Ilemomyrmex caecus, by original designation. *IMHOFFIA (Formicinae: unplaced to tribe) *Imhoffia Heer, 1 8 5 0 : 1 5 3 . Type-species: *Imhoffia nigra, by m o n o t y p y . INDOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini) Indomyrma B r o w n , 1986: 37. Type-species: Indomyrma dasypyx, by original designation. IRENE A (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmatopa) Irenea Donisthorpe, 1938e: 502 [as subgenus of Dolichoderus]. Type-species: Dolichoderus (Irenea) omyrmex, by original designation. Irenea raised to g e n u s : Donisthorpe, 1941h: 59. Irenea provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Irenea j u n i o r s y n o n y m oiMyrmatopa: Bolton, 1994: 50. IRENEELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex) Ireneella Donisthorpe, 1941i: 175. Type-species: Ireneellapapuensis (junior s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex melleus), by original designation. Ireneella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhoptromyrmex: Bolton, 1976:298. IRENEIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium) Ireneidris Donisthorpe, 1943c: 8 1 . Type-species: Ireneidris myops (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium talpa), by original designation. Ireneidris j u n i o r syn­

32

Genus-Group Taxa

o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; see also notes in Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 9 8 . IRENEOPONE (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini) Ireneopone Donisthorpe, 1946d: 2 4 2 . Type-species: Ireneoponegibber, b y original designation. See also notes in Bolton, 1976: 2 9 2 . IRIDOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae) Iridomyrmex Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 0 2 . Type-species: Formica detecta (junior s y n o n y m of Iridomyrmexpurpureus), by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 9 7 . Review of g e n u s : Shattuck, 1992a: 14; Shattuck, 1992c: 1 0 1 . Keys to species: Shattuck, 1993a: 113 (purpureus-gxoup); Shattuck, 1993b: 1303 (calvusgroup). See also: Shattuck, 1994: 99. IROGERA (junior s y n o n y m of Rogeria) Irogera Emery, 19151:191 [as subgenus of Rogeria]. Type-species: Rogeria procera, by original designa­ tion. Irogera raised to genus: B r o w n , 1953h: 4 (in text); m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Kempf, 1961d: 4 3 6 . Key to species: Kempf, 1964e: 66. Irogera j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Rogeria: Kempf, 1965: 185. ISCHNOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Ischnomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 7 3 8 . Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by m o n o t y p y . Ischnomyrmex subgenus of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 2 9 8 . Ischnomyrmex revived status as genus: Stitz, 1911a: 367. Ischnomyrmex sub­ g e n u s of Pheidole: Forel, 1913k: 4 9 . Ischnomyrmex revived status as g e n u s : Emery, 1914a: 40; m a i n ­ tained as g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 6 1 ; Emery, 1922e: 113. Ischnomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Isopheidole: Forel, 1913k: 4 9 . Ischnomyrmex provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Ischnomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365. ISHAKIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Phalacromyrmecini) Ishakidris Bolton, 1984: 374. Type-species: Ishakidris ascitaspis, b y original designation. ISOLCOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium) Isolcomyrmex Santschi, 1917b: 296 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Holcomyrmex santschii (junior secondary h o m o n y m in Monomorium, replaced by Monomorium santschianum), by m o n o t y p y . Isolcomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; see also notes in Bolton, 1987: 296. [Isholcomyrmex Santschi, 1936a: 32, incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spelling.] ISOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Ischnomyrmex) Isopheidole Forel, 1912m: 765 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-species: Myrmica longipes, by m o n o t y p y . Isopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ischnomyrmex: Forel, 1913k: 4 9 . [Ischnomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365.] JANETIA (junior h o m o n y m , see Forelomyrmex) Janetia Forel, 1899c: 61 (footnote) [as subgenus of Pogonomyrmex]. Type-species: Pogonomyrmex (Janetia) mayri, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Janetia Kieffer, 1896: 236 (Diptera).] Forelomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Janetia Forel. JOHNIA (junior s y n o n y m of Aulacomyrma) Johnia Karavaiev, 1927e: 4 3 [as subgenus of Poly­ rhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Johnia) schizospina, by m o n o t y p y . Johnia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aulacomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 4 0 2 .

#KARAVAIEVIA (subgenus of Camponotus) Karavaievia Emery, 1925b: 115 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusexsectus, by original designation. Karavaievia provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 181 (unconfirmed). Key to species: D u m p e r t , 1986: 5 7 1 . KARAWAJEWELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus) Karawajewella Donisthorpe, 1944b: 59. Replacement n a m e for Diabolus Karavaiev, 1 9 2 6 d : 4 2 4 . [Junior h o m o n y m oiDiabolus Gray, J.E. 1841:400.] Karawajewella provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Karawajewella j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66. KARTIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini) Kartidris Bolton, 1 9 9 1 : 1 0 . Type-species: Kartidris nyos, by original designation. Key to species: Bolton, 1991: 12. *KOTSHKORKIA (Dolichoderinae) *Kotshkorkia DIussky, 1981b: 7 1 . Type-species: *Kotshkorkia laticeps, by original designation. KYIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Kyidris B r o w n , 1949d: 3. Type-species: Kyidris mutica, by original designation. Kyidris senior s y n o n y m of Polyhomoa: Creighton, 1950b: 9 3 ; see also B r o w n & Yasumatsu, 1 9 5 1 : 9 3 . Revision of genus: Wilson & B r o w n , 1 9 5 6 : 4 3 9 . [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] LABAUCHENA (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis) Labauchena Santschi, 1930e: 8 1 . Type-species: Labauchena daguerrei, by m o n o t y p y . Labauchena j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 3 4 . LABIDOGENYS (junior s y n o n y m of Strumigenys) Labidogenys Roger, 1862a: 249. Type-species: Labidogenys lyroessa, by m o n o t y p y . Labidogenys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Bingham, 1903: 147. Labidogenys revived from s y n o n y m y : B r o w n , 1948e: 102. Labidogenys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Strumigenys: B r o w n & Wilson, 1959b: 2 8 1 ; B r o w n , 1960b: 38; Bolton, 1 9 8 3 : 3 5 8 . LABWUS ( E d t o n i n a e : E d t o n i n i ) Labidus J u r i n e , 1 8 0 7 : 2 8 2 . Type-spedes: Labidus latreillei (junior s y n o n y m of Labidus coecus), by m o n o t y p y . Labidus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Eciton: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 . Labidus revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Baton: Emery, 1910b: 2 1 . Labidus revived status as genus: Borgmeier, 1953: 4. Labidus senior s y n o n y m of Nycteresia a n d Pseudodichthadia: Emery, 1910b: 2 1 . Revision of g e n u s : Borgmeier, 1955b: 80. Key to s p e d e s : Watkins, 1976: 8. LACHNOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Stenammini) Lachnomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1910a: 2 6 3 . Type-spe­ d e s : Lachnomyrmexscrobiculatus, by m o n o t y p y . Revi­ sion of g e n u s : Smith, M.R. 1944e: 2 2 5 . Key to s p e d e s : Weber, 1950c: 3. LAMPROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium) LampromyrmexMayr, 1868c: 9 3 . Type-spedes: *Lampromyrmexgracillimus (junior secondary h o m ­ o n y m in Monomorium, replaced by *Monomorium mayrianum), by m o n o t y p y . Lampromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 4 5 . Lampromyrmex revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­ n u s oi Monomorium, a n d senior s y n o n y m of Mitara: Emery, 1922e: 183. Lampromyrmex junior s y n o n y m oiMonomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; see also notes in Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 9 9 .

LAPAROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Liomyrmex) Laparomyrmex Emery, 1887b: 4 6 1 . Type-species: Laparomyrmexgestroi, by m o n o t y p y . Laparomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Liomyrmex: Dalla Torre, 1893: 6 3 . LASIOPHANES (Formicinae: Melophorini) Lasiophanes Emery, 1895i: 16 [as subgenus of Melophorus]. Type-species: Formica nigriventris (junior primary h o m o n y m in Formica; Lasiophanes atriventris first available replacement n a m e ) , by sub­ sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 165. Lasiophanes raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 5 . Key to species: Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 104. LASIUS (Formicinae: Lasiini) Lasius Fabridus, 1 8 0 4 : 4 1 5 . Type-spedes: Formica nigra, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 338. [Lasius J u r i n e , 1 8 0 1 : 1 6 4 (Apidae): r e s u r r e d e d by Morice & D u r r e n t , 1 9 1 5 : 4 2 1 , suppressed by A d of Commission.] Lasius incorrectly as j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Acanthomyops: Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 6 0 ; Donisthorpe, 1916c: 2 7 6 . Lasius incorrectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formidna: Emery, 1916a: 6 1 ; Bondroit, 1 9 1 8 : 1 9 . Lasius valid g e n u s a n d senior s y n o n y m of Donisthorpea: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172; Emery, 1925b: 226. Revision of genus: Wilson, 1955a: 3. S u b s e q u e n t revisionary studies w i t h keys: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 2 8 1 ; Arnol'di & DIussky, 1978: 555; Bernard, 1967: 350; Colling­ w o o d , 1978: 89; Collingwood, 1979: 92; Colling­ w o o d , 1982: 2 8 3 ; Kupyanskaya, 1989: 779; Kutter, 1977c: 2 0 8 ; Seifert, 1988a: 143; Seifert, 1 9 9 0 : 1 ; Seifert, 1992b: l;Tarbinsky, 1976: 1 3 3 . See also Agosti & Bolton, 1990b: 149. Subgenera of Lasius: n o m i n a l plus Austrolasius, Cautolasius, Chthonolasius, Dendrolasius. LATINODA (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex) Latinoda E n z m a n n , E.V. 1944: 62 [as "branch" of Pseudomyrma]. Type-spedes: Pseudomyrma latinoda, by original designation. Latinoda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 9 . LECANOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex) Lecanomyrma Forel, 1913k: 56 [as subgenus of Pheidologeton]. Type-spedes: Pheidologeton (Lecanomyrma) butteli, by m o n o t y p y . Lecanomyrma subgenus of Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 2 1 5 . Lecanomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119. LEIOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Belonopelta) Leiopelta Baroni Urbani, 1975b: 309. Type-spedes: Belonopelta deletrix, by original designation. Leiopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Belonopelta: Holldobler & Wilson, 1 9 9 0 : 1 0 , h e r e confirmed. LEONOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Chalepoxenus) Leonomyrma Arnol'di, 1 9 6 8 : 1 8 0 9 . Type-spedes: Leonomyrma spinosa, by original designation. Leonomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Leonomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Chalepoxenus: Buschinger, 1987: 117. LEPIDOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Asphindopone) Lepidopone Bernard, 1953b: 2 0 7 . Type-spedes: Lepidopone lamottei (junior s y n o n y m of Asphindopone silvestrii), by m o n o t y p y . Lepidopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Asphindopone: B r o w n , 1953h: 2. LEPISIOTA ( F o r m i d n a e : Plagiolepidini) Lepisiota Santschi, 1926a: 15 [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. Type-spedes: Plagiolepis rothneyi, by

original designation. Lepisiota first available replace­ m e n t n a m e for Acantholepis M a y r (junior h o m ­ o n y m , see Acantholepis, above), h e n c e valid n a m e of g e n u s . Lepisiota senior s y n o n y m of Baroniurbania (unnecessary replacement n a m e for Acantholepis): Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . Taxa i n d u d e d in Pseudacantholepis (unavailable) referable to Lepisiota. [Lepisiota incor­ rectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acanthomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 181; Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 397, in error.] LEPTALEA (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrma) Leptalea Erichson, 1839: 309. Type-spedes: Formica gradlis, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911 f: 16 6. Leptalea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrma: Smith, F. 1858b: 153. [Pseudomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex: Smith, M.R. 1952a: 98.] [Leptalaea Spinola, 1851b: 52; Spinola, 1853: 6 8 , i n c o r r e d s u b s e q u e n t spelling.] LEPTANILLA (Leptanillinae: Leptanillini) Leptanilla Emery, 1870: 196. Type-spedes: Leptanilla revelierii, by m o n o t y p y . Leptanilla senior s y n o n y m of Leptomesites: Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 4 3 3 . Revision of genus: Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 4 2 7 . LEPTANILLOIDES (Leptanmoidinae) Leptanilloides M a n n , 1 9 2 3 : 1 3 . Type-spedes: Leptanilloides biconstrida, by original designation. LEPTOGENYS (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Leptogenys Roger, 1861a: 4 1 . Type-spedes: Leptogenys faldgera, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 52. Leptogenys senior s y n o n y m of Microbolbos: Wilson, 1955c: 136. Leptogenys senior s y n o n y m of Dorylozelus: Taylor, 1 9 6 9 : 1 3 2 . Leptogenys senior syn­ o n y m of Machaerogenys a n d Lobopelta: Bolton, 1975a: 240. Leptogenys senior s y n o n y m of Odontopelta: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 32. Leptogenys senior s y n o n y m of Prionogenys: Taylor, 1988: 3 3 . Keys to Melanesian s p e d e s : Wilson, 1958a: 113; to N e w Caledonian s p e d e s : Wilson, 1958a: 136; to Fijian s p e d e s : M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 2 6 ; to Afrotropical a n d Malagasy s p e d e s : Bolton, 1975a: 244, 2 9 3 respectively. LEPTOMESITES (junior s y n o n y m of Leptanilla) Leptomesites Kutter, 1 9 4 8 : 2 8 6 . Type-spedes: Leptomes­ ites escheri, by original designation. Leptomesites j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptanilla: Baroni Urbani, 1977 c: 433. LEPTOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Leptomyrma Motschoulsky, 1 8 6 3 : 1 7 . Type-spedes: Leptomyrmagradlipes, by m o n o t y p y . Leptomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Emery, 1892b: 166. LEPTOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae) LeptomyrmexMayr, 1862: 6 9 5 . Type-spedes: Formica erythrocephala, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1934c: 69. Review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 106. *LEPTOMYRMULA (Dolichoderinae) *LeptomyrmulaEmery, 1912g: 16 (footnote). Type-spe­ d e s : *Leptomyrmex maravignae, by m o n o t y p y . LEPTOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex) Leptopone Arnold, 1 9 1 6 : 1 6 3 [as subgenus of Glyphopone]. Type-spedes: Glyphopone (Leptopone) rufigaster (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex bequaerti), by original designation. Leptopone raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 647. Leptopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex: B r o w n , 1963: 9.

LEPTOTHORAX (Myrrmcinae: Formicoxenini) Leptothorax Mayr, 1 8 5 5 : 4 3 1 . Type-spedes: Formica acervorum, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 1 4 . [Type-spedes n o t Myrmica clypeata, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Emery, 1922f: 248.] Leptothorax senior s y n o n y m of Temnothorax: Forel, 1890a: lxxii. Leptothorax senior syn­ o n y m oiMychothorax: Smith, M.R. 1950: 2 9 . Leptothorax provisional senior s y n o n y m of Antillaemyrmex, Caulomyrma, Croesomyrmex, Dichothorax, Goniothorax, Icothorax, Limnomyrmex, Macromischa, Mychothorax, Myrmammophilus, Myrafant, Nesomyrmex, Temnothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 8 - 1 8 5 . Leptothorax senior s y n o n y m of Dichothorax, Mychothorax, Myrafant (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Icothorax), Myrmammophilus, Nesomyrmex (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Caulomyrma, Goniothorax (junior h o m o n y m ) a n d Limnomyrmex), Temnothorax, Tetramyrma: Bolton, 1982: 319. Leptothorax senior s y n o n y m oi Macromischa (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Antillaemyrmexand Croesomyrmex): Snelling, 1986: 154. Leptothorax senior s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex, a n d h e n c e of its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Meia: Bolton, 1994: 105. [One or m o r e m e m b e r s of this tangle of cur­ r e n t j u n i o r s y n o n y m s m a y be w o r t h y of generic sta­ tus, b u t until this group of n a m e s a n d t h e o t h e r related formicoxenine genera can b e analysed together, o n a world-wide basis, it is probably best t o retain t h e m as j u n i o r synonyms.] Keys to s p e d e s formerly in Nesomyrmex (Neotropical): Kempf, 1959c: 394; to s p e d e s formerly in Macromischa (Neotropical): Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 5 3 3 . Leptothorax, keys t o Nearctic s p e d e s : Creighton, 1950a: 256; to Afrotropical s p e d e s : Bolton, 1982: 323; to Palaearctic s p e d e s : Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 273 (Balkans); Arnol'di & DIussky, 1978: 540 (former E u r o p e a n U.S.S.R., to t h e Urals); Ber­ nard, 1 9 6 7 : 1 9 0 (France a n d M e d i t e r r a n e a n basin); Collingwood, 1978: 83 (Spain); Collingwood, 1979: 69 (Fennoscandia a n d D e n m a r k ) ; Kutter, 1977c: 103 (Switzerland); R a d c h e n k o , 1994d: 146 (central & eastern Palaearctic). LEPTOXENUS (nomen nudum) Leptoxenus Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 5 (attributed to Santschi), nomen nudum. *LEUCOTAPHUS ( F o r m i d n a e : Formicini) *Leucotaphus Donisthorpe, 1920: 89. Type-spedes: *Leptothoraxgurnetensis, by original designation. LILIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis) Lilidris Kusnezov, 1957a: 2 7 4 . Type-spedes: Lilidris metatarsalis, by original designation. [Lilidris also described as n e w by Kusnezov, 1958b: 189.] Lilidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 3 4 . LIMNOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex) Limnomyrmex Arnold, 1948: 2 2 2 . Type-spedes: Limnomyrmexstramineus, by original designation. Limnomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex: B r o w n , 1971a: 4 . [Nesomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax:'Bolton, 1982: 319.] LINEPITHEMA (Dolichoderinae) Linepithema Mayr, 1866a: 4 9 6 . Type-spedes: Linepithemafusca, by monotypy. Review of genus: Shattuck, 1992a: 16; Shattuck, 1992c: 114. LIOMETOPUM (Dolichoderinae) Liometopum Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 38. Type-spedes: Formica miaocephala, by m o n o t y p y . Liometopum senior syn-

Genus-Group Taxa

33

o n y m of *Ctenobethylus, a n d review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 1 2 1 . LIOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Metaponini) Liomyrmex Mayr, 1865: 2 3 . Type-species: Myrmica caeca (junior primary h o m o n y m ; replaced by getroi, first available replacement n a m e ) . Liomyrmex senior syn­ o n y m of Laparomyrmex: Dalla Torre, 1893: 6 3 . Liomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Promyrma: Forel, 1913k: 26. Review of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 5 2 . LIOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys) Lioponera Mayr, 1879: 666. Type-species: Lioponera longitarsus, by monotypy. Lioponera subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 18921:244. Lioponera revived sta­ tus as g e n u s : Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 7 ; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 6 ; Emery, 1911d: 1 1 . Lioponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n , 1975: 19. LITHOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m oi Amblyopone) Lithomyrmex Clark, 1928a: 30. Type-species: Lithomyrmex glauerti, by original designation. Lithomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 156. *LITHOMYRMEX (junior h o m o n y m , see *Eulithomyrmex) *Lithomyrmex Carpenter, 1930: 34. Type-species: *Lithomyrmex rugosus, b y original designation. [Junior h o m o n y m of Lithomyrmex Clark, above.] *Eulithomyrmex Carpenter, 1 9 3 5 : 9 1 , replacement n a m e for *Lithomyrmex Carpenter. LOBOGNATHUS (junior s y n o n y m of Veromessor) Lobognathus E n z m a n n , J. 1947b: 152 [as s u b g e n u s of Veromessor]. E r r o n e o u s entry for Veromessor lobognathus a n d h e n c e j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ver­ omessor: B r o w n , 1949a: 4 9 . [Veromessor j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Messor: Bolton, 1982: 338.] LOBOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium) Lobomyrmex Kratochvil, 1 9 4 1 : 84 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. Type-species: Tetramorium (Lobomyrmex) ferox silhavyi (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium ferox), by m o n o t y p y . Lobomyrmex provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: B r o w n , 1973b: 181. Lobomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: Bolton, 1976: 359. LOBOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys) Lobopelta Mayr, 1862: 7 3 3 . Type-species: Ponera diminuta, b y subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 54. Lobopelta subgenus of Leptogenys: Forel, 1892k: 520. Lobopelta revived status as genus: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 4 3 ; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Bingham, 1903: 54. Lobopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: Emery, 1896e: 177 (footnote). Lobopelta revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Leptogenys: Forel, 1900d: 304; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Emery, 191 Id: 101; Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 8 ; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 5 3 . Lobopelta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Lobopelta j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Leptogenys: Bolton, 1975a: 2 4 0 . *LONCHOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini?) *Lonchomyrmex Mayr, 1867b: 6 1 . Type-species: *Formica freyeri, by m o n o t y p y . LONCYDA (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla) Loncyda Santschi, 1930b: 70 [as subgenus of Car­ diocondyla]. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Loncyda) monardi, by monotypy. Loncyda provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 .

34

Genus-Group Taxa

Loncyda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: Bolton, 1982: 309. LOPHOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini) Lophomyrmex Emery, 1892a: 114. Type-species: Oecodoma quadrispinosa, b y m o n o t y p y . Review of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 3 2 . Revision of genus: Rigato, 1994a: 4 7 . LORDOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini) Lordomyrma Emery, 1897c: 5 9 1 . Type-species: Lordomyrmafurcifera, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 166. Lordomyrma senior syn­ o n y m of Prodicroaspis a n d Promeranoplus: Bolton, 1994:106. LOWERIELLA (Dohchoderinae) Loweriella Shattuck, 1992c: 126. Type-species: Loweriella boltoni, by original designation. LUNDELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Hylomyrma) Lundella Emery, 1915i: 1 9 1 . Type-species: Tetramorium reitteri, by original designation. Lundella j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Hylomyrma: B r o w n , 1953h: 3. MACHAEROGENYS (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys) Machaerogenys Emery, 191 I d : 100 [as subgenus of Leptogenys]. Type-spedes: Leptogenys truncatirostris, by original designation. Machaerogenys provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of leptogenys: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Machaerogenys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: Bolton, 1975a: 2 4 0 . MACHAEROMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis) Machaeromyrma'PoxA, 1 9 1 6 : 4 4 1 [as subgenus of Cataglyphis]. Type-spedes: Formica bombycina, by original designation. Review of subgenus: Santschi, 1929b: 31 (out of date). Machaeromyrma j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Cataglyphis: Baroni Urbani, 1 9 6 9 d : 2 1 8 ; Agosti, 1994a: 1 0 3 . MACHOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini) Machomyrma Forel, 1895f: 4 2 5 [as subgenus of Liomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Liomyrmex (Machomyrma) dispar, by m o n o t y p y . Machomyrma raised to genus: Emery, 1896e: 184. MACROMISCHA (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax) Macromischa Roger, 1863a: 184. Type-spedes: Macromischa purpurata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911 f: 166. Macromischa senior s y n o n y m oiAntillaemyrmex a n d Croesomyrmex: Smith, M.R. 1 9 3 7 : 8 4 9 ; Smith, M.R. 1939e: 502; Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 3 9 8 . Macromischa provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 1 . Macromischa subgenus of Leptothorax, a n d revision of subgenus: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 3 9 8 . Macromischa j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Leptothorax: Snelling, 1 9 8 6 : 1 5 4 . MACROMISCHOIDES (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium) Macromischoides Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 5 3 . Type-spe­ d e s : Macromischa aculeata, b y original designation. Review of g e n u s : Santschi, 1924b: 206. Macromischoides j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: Bol­ ton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1 9 8 0 : 1 9 6 . [Macromichoides Santschi, 1924b: 206, i n c o r r e d s u b s e q u e n t spell­ ing-] MACROPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Macropheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole fimbriata, by monotypy. Macropheidole provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 181. Macropheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 6 .

#MALACOMYRMA (subgenus of Acropyga) Malacomyrma Emery, 1922d: 109 [as subgenus of Acropyga]. Type-spedes: Acropyga silvestrii, by m o n o t y p y . Malacomyrma provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Acropyga: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MANICA (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini) Monica Jurine, 1 8 0 7 : 2 7 6 . Type-spedes: Formica rubida, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 1 1 f : 1 6 6 . Monica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmica: Forel, 1915d: 9. Monica revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Myrmica, a n d senior s y n o n y m of Neomyrma (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Oreomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 42; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 6 0 . Monica revived status as genus: Weber, 1 9 4 7 : 4 4 0 ; Creighton, 1950a: 105. #MANNIELLA (subgenus of Camponotus) Manniella Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotussphaericus, by original designation. Manniella provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MARTIA (junior h o m o n y m , see Forelifidis) Martia Forel, 1907a: 20 [as subgenus oi Monomorium]. Type-spedes: Monomorium (Martia) vezenyii, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Martia Ragonot, 1 8 8 7 : 1 8 (Lepidoptera).] Forelifidis Smith, M.R. 1954a: 17, replacement n a m e for Martia Forel. #MAYRIA (subgenus of Camponotus) Mayria Forel, 1878: 369. Type-spedes: Mayria madagascarensis (junior secondary h o m o n y m in Camponotus, replaced by Camponotus repens), by m o n o t y p y . Mayria subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, 1894e: 2 2 7 . Mayria provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MAYRIELLA (Myrrmcinae: Stenammini?) Mayriella Forel, 1902h: 4 5 2 . Type-spedes: Mayriella abstinens, by m o n o t y p y . Key t o s p e d e s : Wheeler, W M . 1935e: 154. MAYROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Eciton) Mayromyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 3 8 1 . Type-spedes: Labidus fargeavii (junior s y n o n y m of Eciton quadriglume), by original designation. Mayromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Eciton: Emery, 1906a: 718. MEGALOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) Megalomyrmex Forel, 1885a: 3 7 1 . Type-spedes: Megalomyrmex leoninus, by m o n o t y p y . Megalomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Cepohroticus a n d Wheelerimyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 0 1 . Review of g e n u s : Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 8 5 . Revision of g e n u s : Brandao, 1 9 9 0 : 4 1 1 . [MEGALOPONERA (misspelling) Megaloponera Emery, 1877b: 368, i n c o r r e d sub­ s e q u e n t spelling of Megaponera.] MEGAPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Megaponera Mayr, 1862: 734. Type-spedes: Formica foetens (junior p r i m a r y h o m o n y m in Formica, replaced by Formica analis), by monotypy. Megaponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation. [Megaloponera: see above.] *MEGAPTERITES (junior s y n o n y m of *Formicium) *Megapterites Cockerell, 1 9 2 0 : 2 7 8 . Type-spedes: *Megapterites mirabilis, by m o n o t y p y (in family *Pseudosiriddae). *Megapterites j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Formicium:LaXz, 1990: 6 1 .

MEIA (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax) Meia Pagliano & Scaramozzino, 1990: 5. Unnecessary replacement n a m e for Goniothorax Emery, 1896g: 58. [Junior h o m o n y m of Goniothorax MilneEdwards, 1879:103.] [Nesomyrmex is first available replacement n a m e for Goniothorax Emery, therefore Meia is automatically a j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Nesomyrmex, Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . Nesomyrmex junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319.] MELISSOTARSUS (Myrrmcinae: Melissotarsini) Melissotarsus Emery, 1877b: 378. Type-spedes: Melissotarsus beccarii, by m o n o t y p y . Review of Afrotropical s p e d e s : Bolton, 1982: 3 3 5 . MELOPHORUS (Formicinae: Melophorini) Melophorus Lubbock, 1883: 5 1 . Type-spedes: Melophorus bagoti, by m o n o t y p y . Melophorus senior s y n o n y m of Erimelophorus a n d Trichomelophorus: Brown, 1955d:474. MERANOPLUS (Myrmicinae: Meranoplini) Meranoplus Smith, F. 1 8 5 4 : 2 2 4 . Type-spedes: Cryptocerus bicolor, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 166. Revision of Afrotropical spe­ d e s : Bolton, 1981a: 4 8 . [Cryptocephalus: see above.] #MESANOPLOLEPIS (subgenus of Anoplolepis) Mesanoplolepis Santschi, 1926a: 14 [as subgenus of Anoplolepis]. Type-spedes: Plagiolepis simulans, b y original designation. Mesanoplolepis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Anoplolepis: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MESOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Mesocrema Santschi, 1928b: 33 [as subgenus of Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Crematogaster rasoherinae, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 6 6 1 . Mesocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MESOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Dilobocondyla) Mesomyrma Stitz, 1911a: 363 [as subgenus of Podomyrma]. Type-spedes: Podomyrma (Mesomyrma) cataulacoidea, by m o n o t y p y . Mesomyrma j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Dilobocondyla: Emery, 1912b: 102. MESOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Mesoponera Emery, 1900d: 6 6 8 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-spedes: Ponera melanaria, by m o n o t y p y . [Mesoponera also described as n e w by Emery, 1901a: 4 3 . Type-spedes n o t Ponera caffraria, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Emery, 1901a: 43.] Mesoponera raised to g e n u s : Bingham, 1903: 99. Mesoponera subgenus of Euponera: Emery, 1911 d: 80; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 649. Mesoponera senior s y n o n y m of Xiphopelta: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 7 5 . Mesoponera revived status as g e n u s : Wilson, 1958d: 349. Mesoponera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 182. Mesoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation. MESOSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Mesostruma B r o w n , 1948e: 118. Type-spedes: Strumigenys (Epopostruma) tumeri, by original desig­ nation. Revisions of genus: B r o w n , 1952g: 9; Taylor, 1 9 7 3 : 2 4 . Mesostruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Colobostruma: Baroni Urbani & De A n d r a d e , 1 9 9 4 : 1 5 . Mesostruma h e r e : r e v i v e d f r o m s y n o n y m y . MESOXENA (junior s y n o n y m of Echinopla) Mesoxena Smith, F. 1860b: 106. Type-spedes: Mesoxena mistura, by m o n o t y p y . Mesoxena provisional j u n i o r

s y n o n y m of Echinopla: B r o w n , 1973b: 182; confirmed Bolton, 1994: 50. MESSOR (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini) Messor Forel, 1890a: lxviii [as subgenus of Aphaenogas­ ter]. Type-spedes: Formica barbara, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 7 7 . Messor subge­ n u s of Stenamma: Emery, 1895c: 2 9 8 . Messor raised to genus: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 7 7 ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Emery, 1908e: 4 3 7 . Messor senior s y n o n y m of Cratomyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 357. Messor senior s y n o n y m of Cratomyrmex a n d Veromessor (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Lobognathus): Bolton, 1982: 338. S p e d e s i n d u d e d in Sphaeromessor (unavailable) ref­ erable to Messor. Key to s p e d e s of former U.S.S.R.: Arnol'di, 1977b: 1640; to Afrotropical s p e d e s : Bol­ ton, 1982: 342. METACYLINDROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Cyl­ indromyrmex) Metacylindromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1924a: 106 [as sub­ g e n u s of Cylindromyrmex]. Type-spedes: Cyl­ indromyrmex godmani, by original designation. Metacylindromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cyl­ indromyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 9 1 ; B r o w n , 1975: 36. METAPONE (Myrmicinae: Metaponini) Metapone Forel, 191 l h : 4 4 7 . Type-spedes: Metapone greeni, by m o n o t y p y . Review of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1919h: 173; see also Kusnezov, 1960a: 119. *MIANEURETUS (Aneuretinae) *Mianeuretus Carpenter, 1930: 38. Type-spedes: *Mianeuretus mirabilis, by original designation. MICCOSTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Smithistruma) Miccostruma B r o w n , 1948e: 123. Type-spedes: Epitritus mandibularis, by original designation. Miccostruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Smithistruma: Bolton, 1 9 8 3 : 2 7 4 . MICROBOLBOS (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys) Microbolbos Donisthorpe, 1948f: 170. Type-spedes: Microbolbos testaceus, by original designation. Microbolbos j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: Wilson, 1955c: 136. MICRODACETON (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Microdaceton Santschi, 1913g: 4 7 8 . Type-spedes: Microdaceton exornatum, b y m o n o t y p y . [Microdaceton also described as n e w by Santschi, 1914e: 33.] Revi­ sion of g e n u s : Bolton, 1 9 8 3 : 4 0 1 . MICROMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma) Micromyrma Dufour, 1857: 60. Type-spedes: Micromyrma pygmaea, by m o n o t y p y . Micromyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tapinoma: Mayr, 1 8 6 3 : 4 5 5 ; Forel, 1878: 385; Emery, 1912g: 38; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 837; Shattuck, 1992c: 146. MICTOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Rhopalopone) Mictoponera Forel, 1901e: 372 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-spedes:Ectatomma (Mictoponera) diehlii, by m o n o t y p y . Mictoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhopalopone:Emery, 191 I d : 34. [Rhopalopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g: 211.] *MIOMYRMEX (Dohchoderinae) *Miomyrmex Carpenter, 1930: 5 1 . Type-spedes: *Formica impacta, by original designation. MITARA (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium) Mitara Emery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 6 1 [as subgenus of Monomor­ ium]. Type-spedes: Monomorium laeve, by original designation. Mitara j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lampromyrmex: Emery, 1922e: 183; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 162; see also notes in Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 9 9 .

#MOELLERIUS (subgenus of Acromyrmex) Moellerius Forel, 1893e: 589 [as subgenus of Atta]. Type-spedes: Atta (Acromyrmex) landolti, by sub­ s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 167. Moellerius subgenus of Acromyrmex: Emery, 1913: 2 5 1 . Moellerius provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acromyrmex:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). Revisionary studies: see u n d e r Acromyrmex. MONACIS (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus) Monads Roger, 1862a: 2 3 3 . Type-spedes: Formica bispinosa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 167. Monads j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1862: 704; of Dolichoderus: Forel, 1878: 386. Monads revived from s y n o n y m y as sub­ g e n u s of Dolichoderus: Emery, 1894c: 2 2 8 ; m a i n ­ tained as subgenus: Emery, 1912g: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 8 8 . Monads revived status as genus: Brown, 1950e: 249; maintained as genus, a n d revi­ sion of g e n u s : Kempf, 1959b: 227; e m e n d e d key: Kempf, 1972c: 2 5 3 . Monads provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Dolichoderus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182. Monads j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66. MONOCERATOCLINEA (junior s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus) Monoceratoclinea Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 68 [as subge­ n u s of Dolichoderus]. Type-spedes: Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) monoceros, by original designation. Monoceratoclinea raised to g e n u s : B r o w n , 1950e: 249. Monoceratoclinea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 66. MONOCOMBUS (junior s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis) MonocombusMayr, 1855: 3 8 1 . Type-spedes: Formica viatica, b y m o n o t y p y . Monocombus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis: Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 4 4 . Monocombus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmecocystus: Mayr, 1886d: 4 2 4 . Monocombus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 216; Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 944; Emery, 192 5b: 2 6 1 . Monocombus revived from syn­ o n y m y as subgenus of Cataglyphis: Santschi, 1929b: 2 9 . Monocombus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis: Agosti, 1990a: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103. MONOMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) Monomorium Mayr, 1855: 4 5 2 . Type-spedes: Monomor­ ium minutum (junior secondary h o m o n y m i n Monomorium, replaced by Monomorium monomor­ ium), by m o n o t y p y . Monomorium senior s y n o n y m of Lampromyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 4 5 . Monomor­ ium senior s y n o n y m of Paraphacota: Santschi, 1927d: 2 4 3 . Monomorium senior s y n o n y m of Epixenus: B r o w n & Wilson, 1957b: 2 4 4 . Monomorium senior s y n o n y m of Corynomyrmex, Epixenus, Epoecus, Equestrimessor, Holcomyrmex, Ireneidris, Isolcomyrmex, Lampromyrmex (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Mitara), Paraphacota, Parholcomyrmex, Trichomyrmex, Wheeleria ( h o m o n y m ) , Wheeleriella, Xenhyboma, a n d Xeromyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 82. Monomorium senior s y n o n y m of Chelaner (and its j u n i o r syn­ o n y m s Notomyrmex, Protholcomyrmex, Schizopelta), a n d Sy/fopfopris: Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 8 7 . Spedes i n d u d e d in Pharaophanes (unavailable) all referable to Monomorium. Reviews of genus: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 8 7 . Revision of Nearctic s p e d e s : DuBois, 1986: 74; of Afrotropical s p e d e s : Bolton, 1987: 307.

Genus-Group Taxa

35

MORLEYIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Hedomyrma) Morleyidris Donisthorpe, 1944c: 64 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis (Morleyidris) trina, by original designation. Morleyidris j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Hedomyrma: Hung, 1967b: 4 0 2 . HMYAGROTERAS (subgenus of Myrmoteras) Myagroteras Moffett, 1985b: 31 [as subgenus of Myrmoteras]. Type-species: Myrmoteras donisthorpei, by original designation. MYCETAROTES (Myrmicinae: Attini) MycetarotesEmery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 5 1 [as subgenus of Cyphomyrmex]. Type-species: Cyphomyrmexparallelus, by original designation. Mycetarotes raised to g e n u s : Borgmeier, 1950b: 384. Review of genus: Kempf, 1960d: 2 7 7 . MYCETOPHYLAX (Myrmicinae: Attini) Mycetophylax Emery, 1913: 2 5 1 [as subgenus of Cyphomyrmex]. Type-species: Myrmicocrypta brittoni (junior s y n o n y m of Mycetophylaxconformis), by origi­ nal designation. Mycetophylax subgenus of Myrmicocrypta: Gallardo, 1916d: 320. Mycetophylax raised to g e n u s : Santschi, 1923c: 2 6 8 . Mycetophylax senior s y n o n y m of Paramycetophylax: Weber, 1958d: 2 6 2 . Key to species: Santschi, 1922b: 357 (out of date). [MYCETOPURUS (misspelling) Mycetopurus Santschi, 1925b: 17, incorrect subsequent spelling of Mycocepurus. [Perhaps a combination in error of Myceto>(phylax) + (Mycoce)p«ras.] MYCETOSORITIS (Myrrmcinae: Attini) Mycetosoritis Wheeler, W.M. 1907c: 7 1 4 [as subgenus of Atta]. Type-species: Atta (Mycetosoritis) hartmanni, by m o n o t y p y . Mycetosoritis subgenus of Cyphomyrmex: Emery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 5 1 . Mycetosoritis subge­ n u s of Trachymyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 669. Mycetosoritis raised to g e n u s : Creighton, 1950a: 317. MYCHOTHORAX (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax) Mychothorax Ruzsky, 1904a: 2 8 8 . Type-species: Formica acervorum, b y original designation. Mychothorax sub­ g e n u s of Leptothorax: Ruzsky, 1905b: 609; Emery, 1915g: 2 4 . Mychothorax j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Smith, M.R. 1 9 5 0 : 2 9 . [Leptothorax a n d Mychothorax share t h e s a m e type-species, s y n o n y m y is therefore absolute.] MYCOCEPURUS (Myrmicinae: Attini) Mycocepurus Forel, 1893e: 602 [as subgenus at Atta}. Type-species: Atta (Mycocepurus) smithii, by sub­ s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 167. [Mycocepurus also described as n e w by Forel, 1893g: 369.] Mycocepurus raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 167. Mycocepurus senior s y n o n y m of Descolemyrma, a n d revision of g e n u s : Kempf, 1963b: 4 1 7 . [Mycetopurus: see above.] MYOPIAS (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Myopias Roger, 1861a: 39. Type-species: Myopias amblyops, by m o n o t y p y . Myopias senior s y n o n y m of Trapeziopelta (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Bradyponera), a n d k e y to Australasian species: Willey & B r o w n , 1983:249. MYOPOPONE (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini) Myopopone Roger, 1861a: 4 9 . Type-species: Myopopone maculata (junior s y n o n y m of Myopopone castanea), by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 3 3 . Revi­ sion of genus: B r o w n , 1960a: 170.

36

Genus-Group Taxa

MYRAFANT (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax) Myrafant Smith, M.R. 1950: 30 [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax curvispinosus, by original designation. Myrafant provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 182. Myraf­ ant senior s y n o n y m of Icothorax: Baroni Urbani, 1978b: 556. Myrafant j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319. MYRCIDRIS

(Pseudomyrmecinae)

Myrcidris Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 5 . Type-species: Myrcidris epicharis, by original designation. #MYRMA (subgenus of Polyrhachis) Myrma Billberg, 1 8 2 0 : 1 0 4 . Type-species: Formica militaris, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 859; a n d Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 168. Myrma senior s y n o n y m of Hoplomyrmus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 9 9 3 . Myrma senior s y n o n y m of Pseudocyrtomyrma: Bolton, 1973b: 2 8 8 . [Although Myrma antedates Polyrhachis, it h a s b e e n treated as a subgenus of t h e latter since Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 9 9 3 . See H u n g , 1967b: 396 for a history of t h e n a m e , a n d a plea for t h e conservation of Poly­ rhachis.] ^MYRMACANTHA (subgenus of Phasmomyrmex) Myrmacantha Emery, 1920b: 2 4 6 [as s u b g e n u s of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus aberrans, by original designation. Myrmacantha j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmorhachis: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18. Myrmacantha revived status as subgenus of Phasmomyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 58. #MYRMACRHAPHE (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmacrhaphe Santschi, 1926c: 607 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus conradti., by original designation. Myrmacrhaphe provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMAMBLYS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmamblys Forel, 1912i: 90 [as subgenus of Camponotus}. Type-species: Camponotus reticulatus,by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80. [Type-species n o t Camponotus fastigatus, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Forel, 1914a: 263.] Myrmamblys provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MYRMAMMOPHILUS (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax) Myrmammophilus Menozzi, 1925d: 29 [as subgenus of Leptothorax]. Type-species: Leptothorax (Myrmammophilus) finzii, by m o n o t y p y . Myrmammophilus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 182. Myrmammophilus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319. MYRMAPATETES (junior s y n o n y m of Anochetus) Myrmapatetes Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 6. Type-species: Myrmapatetesfilicomis, by original designation. Myrmapatetes j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Anochetus: B r o w n , 1953h:2. #MYRMAPHAENUS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmaphaenus Emery, 1920b: 2 3 7 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusleydigi, by original designation. Myrmaphaenus senior s y n o n y m of Neomyrmamblys a n d Paracolobopsis: Emery, 1925b: 152. Myrmaphaenus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMATOPA (subgenus of Polyrhachis) Myrmatopa Forel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Poly­ rhachis] . Type-species: Polyrhachis schang, b y original

designation. Myrmatopa provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). Myrmatopa senior s y n o n y m of Irenea: Bolton, 1994: 50. MYRMECIA (Myrmeciinae: Myrmeciini) Myrmecia Fabricius, 1 8 0 4 : 4 2 3 . Type-species: Formica gulosa, by subsequent designation of Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1 8 4 0 : 1 7 3 . Myrmecia senior s y n o n y m of Promyrmeda (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Halmamyrmeda, Pristomyrmeda): B r o w n , 1953c: 1. Revisions of g e n u s : Clark, 1943: 8 3 ; Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 1; B r o w n , 1953j: 1; Ogata, 1 9 9 1 : 3 5 3 ; Ogata & Taylor, 1991: 1 6 2 3 . MYRMECINA (Myrmicinae: Myrmecmini) Myrmedna Curtis, 1 8 2 9 : 2 6 5 . Type-species: Myrmedna latreillii (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmednagraminicola), by m o n o t y p y . Myrmedna senior s y n o n y m of Archaeomyrmex: B r o w n , 1971a: 1. MYRMECINELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Xenomyrmex) Myrmednella Wheeler, W.M. 1922d: 1. Type-species: Myrmednella panamana, by original designation. Myrmednella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Xenomyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1931a: 129. MYRMECOCYSTUS (Formicinae: Lasiini) Myrmecocystus Wesmael, 1838: 7 7 0 . Type-species: Myrmecocystus mexicanus, by m o n o t y p y . Myrmecocystus senior s y n o n y m of Endiodioctes a n d Eremnocystus: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 3 . Revision of g e n u s : Snelling, 1976: 1; Snelling, 1982b: 7 7 . MYRMECOPSIS (junior h o m o n y m , see Opisthopsis) Myrmecopsis Smith, F. 1865: 68 [as subgenus oi For­ mica]. Type-species: Formica (Myrmecopsis) respiciens, by m o n o t y p y . Myrmecopsis raised to g e n u s : Mayr, 1 8 7 6 : 7 6 . [Junior h o m o n y m oi Myrmecopsis New­ man, 1850: aorii (Lepidoptera).] Opisthopsis Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 1 9 , replacement n a m e for Myrmecopsis Smith, F. MYRMECORHYNCHUS (Formicinae: Melophorini) Myrmecorhynchus Andre, 1896b: 2 5 3 . Type-spedes: Myrmecorhynchus emeryi, b y m o n o t y p y . MYRMEGIS (nomen nudum) Myrmegis Ra&nesque, 1 8 1 5 : 1 2 4 , nomen nudum. [Brown, 1973b: 182, places Myrmegis as a j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta, because t h e entry in Rafinesque reads, "6Myrmegis R. Atta Latr."] MYRMELACHISTA

(Forrrricinae: MyrmelacMstini)

Myrmelachista Roger, 1863a: 162. Type-spedes: Myrmelachista kraatzii, b y m o n o t y p y . Myrmelachista senior s y n o n y m of Decamyrma Roger (junior h o m ­ o n y m ) , Hincksidris a n d Neaphomus: Snelling & Hunt, 1 9 7 6 : 1 1 0 . Key t o s p e d e s : Wheeler, W.M. 1934g: 188 (out of date). UMYRMENTOMA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmentoma Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Formica lateralis, by sub­ s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 80. Myrmentoma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Orthonotomyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350 (in text); m a i n t a i n e d as j u n i o r s y n o n y m : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 970. Myrmentoma revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Camponotus: Emery, 1920b: 257; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Emery, 1925a: 62; Emery, 1925b: 116. Myrmentoma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). Revision of N e a r d i c s p e d e s : Snelling, 1988: 5 5 .

#MYRMEPINOTUS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmepinotus Santschi, 192U: 312 [as s u b g e n u s of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusechinoploides, by original designation. Myrmepinotus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMEPOMIS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmepomis Forel, 1912i: 92 [as s u b g e n u s of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sericeiventris, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . [Type-species n o t Formica fulvopilosa, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 265.] Myrmepomis senior s y n o n y m of Myrmolophus: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17. Myrmepomis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMESPERA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmespera Santschi, 1926b: 2 4 7 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Myrmespera) debellator, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Santschi, 1926c: 604. Myrmespera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MYRMETAERUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmoxenus) Myrmetaerus Soudek, 1925a: 3 3 . Type-species: Myrmetaerus microcellatus (junior s y n o n y m of Epimyrma gordiagini), by m o n o t y p y . [Myrmetaerus also described as n e w by Soudek, 1925b: 14.] Myrmetaerus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). Myrmetaerus incorrectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 4 0 4 . Myrmetaerus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmoxenus: Buschinger, W i n t e r & Faber, 1984: 336. [Myrmoxenus junior s y n o n y m of Epimyrma: Bolton, 1994: 105.] #MYRMEURYNOTA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmeurynota Forel, 19123:92 [as s u b g e n u s of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotuseurynotus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . [Type-species n o t Camponotus gilviventris, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Forel, 1914a: 266.] Myrmeurynota provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MYRMEX (junior h o m o n y m , j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrma) Myrmex Guerin-Meneville, 1844a: 4 2 7 . Type-species: Myrmexperboscii, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Myrmex Sturm, 1826: 32 (Coleoptera).] Myrmex Guerin-Meneville j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrma: Smith, F. 1858b: 153. [Pseudomyrma j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Pseudomyrmex: Smith, M.R. 1952a: 98.] SMYRMHOPLA (subgenus of Polyrhachis) Myrmhopla For-el, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Po/yrhachis]. Type-species: Formica armata, by original designation. Myrmhopla senior s y n o n y m of Cephalomyrma a n d Florencea: H u n g , 1967b: 4 0 2 . Myrmhopla provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Poly­ rhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MYRMICA (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini) Myrmica Latreille, 1 8 0 4 : 1 7 9 . Type-species: Formica rubra, b y subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810: 4 3 7 . Myrmica provisional senior s y n o n y m of Dodecamyrmica, Paramyrmica, Sifolinia, Sommimyrma, Symbiomyrma: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 0 - 1 8 5 . Myrmica senior s y n o n y m of Dodecamyrmica: Francoeur, 1 9 8 1 : 759. Myrmica senior s y n o n y m of Paramyrmica,

Sifolinia (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Symbiomyrma), a n d Sommimyrma: Bolton, 1988a: 3. Revisionary studies: Arnol'di, 1970: 1832; Arnol'di, 1976a: 554; Finzi, 1 9 2 6 : 7 1 ; Menozzi, 1939a: 2 9 3 ; Seifert, 1988b: 1; Weber, 1 9 4 7 : 4 3 7 ; Weber, 1948a: 2 6 7 ; Weber, 1950b: 189; R a d c h e n k o , 1994a: 39; Radchenko, 1994c: 130. See also: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 267; Arnol'di & DIussky, 1978: 530; Collingwood, 1978: 78; Collingwood, 1 9 7 9 : 4 0 ; Creighton, 1950a: 87; Kutter, 1977c: 4 2 . MYRMICARIA (Myrmicinae: Myrmicariini) Myrmicaria Saunders, W . W 1842: 57. Type-species: Myrmicaria brunnea, by m o n o t y p y . Myrmicaria senior s y n o n y m of Heptacondylus (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Physatta): Smith, F. 1865: 7 3 . Revision of g e n u s : Santschi, 1925c: 133 (out of date). *MYRMICITES (collective group n a m e ) *Myrmicites Forster, 1 8 9 1 : 4 4 8 [collective group n a m e , w i t h o u t included n a m e d taxa.] *MYRMICIUM (Myrmicinae: u n p l a c e d to tribe) *Myrmicium Westwood, 1854: 396. Type-species: *Myrmicium heerii, by m o n o t y p y . *Myrmidum j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Pseudosirex (family *Pseudosiricidae): Handlirsch, 1906: 577; retained i n *Pseudosiricidae: Abe & Smith, D.R. 1 9 9 1 : 5 3 . *Myrmidum j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Myrmica: Dalla Torre, 1893: 108; Forel, 1915d: 9. *Myrmidum: provisionally revived from s y n o n y m y h e r e a n d r e t u r n e d to Formicidae, s u b ­ family Myrmicinae, p e n d i n g detailed investigation. [*Myrmetium Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 0 8 , incorrect sub­ s e q u e n t spelling.] *MYRMICIUM (junior h o m o n y m , see *Promyrmidum) *Myrmidum Heer, 1 8 7 0 : 7 8 . Type-species: *Myrmidum boreale, b y m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of *Myrmicium Westwood, above.] *Promyrmidum Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 362, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for *Myrmicium Westwood. MYRMICOCRYPTA (Myrmicinae: Attini) Myrmicocrypta Smith, F. 1860c: 7 3 . Type-species: Myrmicocrypta squamosa, by m o n o t y p y . Myrmicocrypta senior s y n o n y m of Glyptomyrmex: Emery, 1894c: 224. #MYRMISOLEPIS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmisolepis Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as s u b g e n u s of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus epinotalis, by original designation. Myrmisolepis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). ^MYRMOBRACHYS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmobrachys Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus}. Type-species: Formicasenex, b y sub­ sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . Myrmobrachys provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MYRMOCAMELUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmophyma) Myrmocamelus Forel, 1914a: 2 6 1 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica ephippium, by original designation. [Type-species n o t Camponotus gambeyi, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation b y Forel, 1 9 2 2 : 1 0 1 . Myrmocamelus also described as n e w by Forel, 1915b: 102.] Myrmocamelus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmophyma: Emery, 1920b: 257; Wheeler, W M . 1921a: 18.

#MYRMOCLADOECUS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmocladoecus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus latangulus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 0 9 . Myrmocladoecus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). UMYRMODIRACHIS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmodirachis Emery, 1925b: 168 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotusheathi, by original designation. Myrmodirachis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MYRMOGIGAS (junior s y n o n y m of Dinomyrmex) Myrmogigas Forel, 19121: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Formicagigas, by s u b ­ sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . Myrmogigas j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dinomyrmex: Forel, 1913c: 350 (in text); Forel, 1914a: 259. #MYRMOGONIA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmogonia Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotus laminatus, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . Myrmogonia provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MYRMOLOPHUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmepomis) Myrmolophus Emery, 1920b: 2 3 7 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Formica sericeiventris, by original designation. Myrmolophus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmepomis: Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17. #MYRMOMAJLIS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmomalis Forel, 1914a: 263 [as subgenus of Camponotus}. Type-spedes: Camponotusdepressus, by original designation. Myrmomalis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMONESTTES (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmonesites Emery, 1920b: 242 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusputatus, by original designation. Myrmonesites provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMOPALPELLA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmopalpella Starcke, 1934: 30 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotusmegalonyx, by m o n o t y p y . Myrmopalpella raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1936e: 219 (in text). Myrmopalpella provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). Myrmopalpella h e r e reverts to subgenus of Camponotus. #MYRMOPELTA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmopelta Santschi, 1921f: 310 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotusarminius, by original designation. Review of subgenus: Santschi, 1926a: 16. Myrmopelta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMOPHYMA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmophyma Forel, 19121: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotus capita, by sub­ sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . [Type-spedes n o t Camponotus quadrisedus, unjustified subsequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 261.] Myrmophyma senior s y n o n y m of Myrmocamelus: Emery, 1920b: 257; Wheeler, W.M. 192 l a : 18. Myrmophyma provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed).

Genus-Group Taxa

37

#MYRMOPIROMIS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmopiromis Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 17 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica fulvopilosa, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 707. Myrmopiromis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:'Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMOPLATYPUS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmoplatypus Santschi, 192 If: 311 [as subgenus of Camponotus].Type-species: Camponotusplatytarsus, by original designation. Myrmoplatypus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMOPLATYS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmoplatys Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 6 0 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus korthalsiae, by original designation. Myrmoplatys raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 3 6 e : 2 1 9 (in text).Myrmoplatys provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). Myrmoplatys h e r e reverts to subgenus of Camponotus. #MYRMOPSAMMA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmopsamma Forel, 1914a: 2 6 1 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusmystaceus, by original designation. Myrmopsamma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMOPYTLA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmopytia Emery, 1920b: 243 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus imitator, by original designation. Myrmopytia provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMORHACHIS (subgenus of Phasmomyrmex) Myrmorhachis Forel, 1912i: 92 [as s u b g e n u s of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus polyrhachioides (unnecessary replacement n a m e for Poly­ rhachis paradoxa), by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . [Type-species n o t Camponotus latangulus, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t desig­ n a t i o n by Forel, 1914a: 265.] Myrmorhachis subge­ n u s of Phasmomyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 58. Myrmorhachis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Phasmomyrmex:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMOSAGA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmosaga Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus], Type-species: Camponotuskelleri, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . [Type-species n o t Camponotus quadrimaculatus, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation b y Forel, 1914a: 260.] Myrmosaga provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMOSAULUS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmosaulus Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 18 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica cinerascens, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 0 5 . [Type-species n o t Formica singularis, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1925b: 113.] Myrmosaulus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus-.Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). [Note: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 4 5 , states t h a t cinerascens belongs in subgenus Myrmosericus. If so Myrmosaulus falls as a j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmoseri­ cus.}

#MYRMOSERICUS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmosericus Forel, 19121: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica rufoglauca, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . Myrmosericus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). [See n o t e u n d e r Myrmosaulus, above.] #MYRMOSPHFNCTA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmosphincta Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica sexguttata, by sub­ sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . [Type-species n o t Formica cinerascens, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation b y Forel, 1914a: 265.] Myrmosphincta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMOSTBNUS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmostenus Emery, 1920b: 2 5 0 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusmirabilis, by original designation. Myrmostenus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). ttMYRMOTARSUS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmotarsus Forel, 1912i: 92 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Formica mistura, b y sub­ sequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . [Type-species n o t Formica irritabilis, unjustified sub­ sequent designation by Forel, 1914a: 260.] Myrmotarsus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMOTEMNUS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmotemnus Emery, 1920b: 2 4 6 [as s u b g e n u s of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotusmoeschi, by original designation. Myrmotemnus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmamblys: Wheeler, W M . 1921a: 19; Emery, 1925b: 137. Myrmotemnus revived from s y n o n y m y : Santschi, 1926c: 60 X. Myrmotemnus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MYRMOTERAS

(Formicinae: Myrmoteratini)

Myrmoteras Forel, 1893f: 6 0 7 . Type-species: Myrmoteras binghamii, by m o n o t y p y . [Myrmoteras also described as n e w by Forel, 1894c: 418.] Revisions of genus: Moffett, 1985b: 1; Agosti, 1 9 9 2 : 4 0 5 . Subgenera of Myrmoteras: n o m i n a l plus Myagroteras. ^MYRMOTHRINAX (subgenus of Polyrhachis) MyrmothrinaxForel, 1915b: 107 [as subgenus of Poly­ rhachis]. Type-species: Polyrhachis thrinax, by original designation. Myrmothrinax senior s y n o n y m of Evelyna: Hung, 1967b: 4 0 2 . Myrmothrinax provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). #MYRMOTHRIX (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmothrix Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Formica abdominalis (junior primary h o m o n y m ; Formica atriceps first available r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e ) , b y s u b s e q u e n t desig­ n a t i o n of Wheeler, W M . 1913a: 8 1 . [Type-spedes n o t Formica rufipes, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designa­ tion b y Forel, 1914a: 260.] Myrmothrix provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus-.Brown, 1973b: 182. Myrmothrix subgenus of Camponotus, a n d revision of subgenus: Hashmi, 1973: 1. ttMYRMOTREMA (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmotrema Forel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotus foraminosus,

38

Genus-Group Taxa

by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 8 1 . Myrmotrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MYRMOTURBA (junior s y n o n y m of Tanaemyrmex) MyrmoturbaForel, 1912i: 91 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Formica maculata, by sub­ s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82. Myrmoturba j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tanaemyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 7 5 . MYRMOXENUS (junior s y n o n y m of Epimyrma) Myrmoxenus Ruzsky, 1902b: 4 7 4 . Type-spedes: Myrmoxenus gordiagini, by m o n o t y p y . Myrmoxenus senior s y n o n y m of Myrmetaerus: B u s d i m g e r , Winter & Faber, 1984: 336. Myrmoxenus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Epimyrma: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . ^MYRMOXYGENYS (subgenus of Camponotus) Myrmoxygenys Emery, 1925b: 70 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotuscaesar, by m o n o t y p y . Myrmoxygenys provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Camponotus:Bxown, 1973b: 182 (unconfirmed). MYRMUS (junior h o m o n y m , see Strongylognathus) Myrmus Schenck, 1 8 5 3 : 1 8 8 . Type-spedes: Myrmus emarginatus (junior s y n o n y m of Strongylognathus testaceus), by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Myrmus H a h n , 1832: 81 (Hemiptera).] Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853d: 389, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e lor Myrmus Schenck. MYRTOTERAS (junior s y n o n y m of Odontomachus) Myrtoteras M a t s u m u r a , 1 9 1 2 : 1 9 1 . Type-spedes: Myrtoteras kuroiwae (junior s y n o n y m of Odontomachus monticola), by m o n o t y p y . Myrtoteras provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Odontomachus: B r o w n , 1973b: 182. Myrtoteras j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Odontomachus:Bxown, 1976a: 96. MYSTRIUM (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini) Mystrium Roger, 1862a: 2 4 5 . Type-spedes: Mystrium mysticum, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus: Menozzi, 1929d: 518; B r o w n , 1960a: 169. NEAPHOMUS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista) Neaphomus Menozzi, 1935c: 3 2 4 [as subgenus of Aphomomyrmex]. Type-spedes: Aphomomyrmex (Neaphomus) goetschi, by m o n o t y p y . Neaphomus raised to genus: Kempf, 1972a: 152. Neaphomus p r o ­ visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 3 . Neaphomus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmelachista: Snelling & Hunt, 1 9 7 6 : 1 1 0 . NEIVAMYRMEX ( E d t o n i n a e : E d t o n i n i ) Neivamyrmex Borgmeier, 1940: 606 [as subgenus of Eciton]. Replacement n a m e for Acamatus Emery, 1894c: 1 8 1 . [Junior h o m o n y m of Acamatus Schoenherr, 1 8 3 3 : 2 0 . ] Neivamyrmex raised to genus: Borgmeier, 1950c: 624. Neivamyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Woitkowskia, a n d revision of genus: Borgmeier, 1955b: 2 7 7 . Key t o s p e d e s : Watkins, 1976:11. #NEMATOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Nematocrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as subgenus of Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Crematogaster stadelmanni, by original designation. Nematocrema raised to genus: Soulie, 1964: 3 9 8 . Nematocrema p r o ­ visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed). Nematocrema reverts h e r e to subgenus of Crematogaster.

NEOAMBLYOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone) Neoamblyopone'Wheeler, W.M.. 1927c: 1 [as subgenus of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone (Neoamblyopone) clarki, by m o n o t y p y . Neoamblyopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone .-Brown, 1949c: 8 7 . NEOATTA (junior s y n o n y m of Atta) Neoatta Goncalves, 1942: 346 [as subgenus of Atta]. Type-species: Formica sexdens, by original designa­ tion. Neoatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: Weber, 1958a: 8. Neoatta revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Atta, senior s y n o n y m of Epiatta, a n d revision of sub­ genus: Borgmeier, 1959b: 3 5 8 . Neoatta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: B r o w n , 1973b: 183; confirmed Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 . NEOCLYSTOPSENELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma) Neoclystopsenella Kurian, 1 9 5 5 : 1 3 3 [in family Bethylidae]. Type-species: Neoclystopsenella luffae, by m o n o t y p y . Neoclystopsenella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tapinoma:Brown, 1988a: 337. NEOCOLOBOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Hypercolobopsis) Neocolobopsis Borgmeier, 1928b: 65 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus (Neocolobop­ sis) scrobifer (junior s y n o n y m of Camponotus coriolanus), by original designation. Neocolobopsis j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Hypercolobopsis: Kempf, 1968b: 411. #NEOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Neocrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as subgenus of Crematogaster]. Type-species: Crematogasterdistans, by original designation. Neocrema j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Orthocrema: Emery, 1922e: 130. Neocrema revived from s y n o n y m y a n d raised to g e n u s : Soulie, 1964: 398. Neocrema subgenus of Crematogaster:Kempi, 1972a: 82. Neocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster:Brown, 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed). Neocrema reverts h e r e to subgenus of Crematogaster. NEOFORELIUS (junior s y n o n y m oiForelius) Neoforelius Kusnezov, 1953b: 327. Type-species: Neoforelius tucumanus, by m o n o t y p y . Neoforelius j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Forelius: Shattuck, 1992c: 87. NEOFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica) Neoformica Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica pallidefulva, by origi­ nal designation. [Neoformica also described as n e w by Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 548.] Neoformica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formica: Buren, 1968a: 39; Agosti, 1994a: 107. NEOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Monica) Neomyrma Forel, 1914a: 2 7 5 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster (Neomyrma) calderoni (junior s y n o n y m olManica bradleyi), by m o n o t y p y . Neomyrma subgenus of Myrmica: Emery, 1915d: 69; Emery, 1916b: 120. Neomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Oreomyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1915a: 50; Forel, 1915c: 364; Forel, 1 9 1 5 d : 9 . Neomyrma raised to genus: Bondroit, 1918: 97. Neomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monica: Emery, 192 If: 42. NEOMYRMAMBLYS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmaphaenus) Neomyrmamblys Wheeler, W.M. 1921a: 19 [as subge­ n u s of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus fastigatus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Santschi, 192 If: 3 1 1 . Neomyrmamblys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152.

NEOPHYRACACES (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys) Neophyracaces Clark, 1 9 4 1 : 7 6 . Type-species: Phyracaces clams, by original designation. Neophyracaces provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Neophyracaces j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n , 1975: 19. NEOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Neoponera Emery, 1901a: 4 3 . Type-species: Formica villosa, by original designation. Neoponera provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Neoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation. NEOSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Neostruma B r o w n , 1948e: 1 1 1 . Type-species: Strumigenys crassicornis, by original designation. Revi­ sion of genus: B r o w n , 1959b: 1. [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] NESOLASIUS (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudolasius) Nesolasius Wheeler, W.M. 1935b: 50 [as subgenus of Pseudolasius]. Type-species: Pseudolasius (Nesolasius) typhlops, by original designation. Nesolasius provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudolasius: B r o w n , 1973b: 183; confirmed Bolton, 1994: 50. NESOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax) Nesomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1910a: 2 5 9 . Type-species: Nesomyrmex clovipilis, by m o n o t y p y . Nesomyrmex sub­ g e n u s of Leptothorax: Emery, 1915g: 24; Smith, M.R. 1950: 30. Nesomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Caulomyrma: Emery, 1915g: 24. Nesomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Goniothorax: Emery, 1922f: 249 (incor­ rect p r o c e d u r e as Goniothorax a j u n i o r h o m o n y m , Nesomyrmex is first available replacement n a m e , see Smith, M.R. 1950: 30). Nesomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Limnomyrmex: B r o w n , 1971a: 4 . Nesomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Meia (unnecessary replacement n a m e for Goniothorax): Bolton, 1994: 105. Nesomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Nesomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319. [Nesomyrmex possibly valid genus: F r a n c o e u r & Loiselle, 1988b: 4 3 . Nesomyrmex revived status as genus, b u t its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s left u n d e r Leptothorax: Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 14. Nesomyrmex reverts h e r e to s y n o n y m y of Leptothorax until g e n u s g r o u p t a x o n o m y can b e investigated.] NIMBAMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex) NimbamyrmaBemard, 1953b: 240. Type-species: Nimbamyrma villiersi, by m o n o t y p y . Nimbamyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 120. NOMAMYRMEX ( E d t o n i n a e : Edtonini) NomamyrmexBorgmeier, 1936: 55 [as subgenus of Eciton]. Type-spedes: Eciton crassicornis, by original designation. Nomamyrmex raised t o genus: Borgme­ ier, 1953: 4 . Revision of genus: Borgmeier, 1955b: 135. Keys to s p e d e s : Watkins, 1 9 7 6 : 7 ; Watkins, 1977a: 2 0 3 . NOONILLA (Leptanillinae: Leptanillini) Noonilla Petersen, 1968: 582. Type-spedes: Noonilla copiosa, b y original designation. Review of genus: Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 4 8 2 . NOTHIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) Nothidris Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 0 5 . Type-spedes: Monomorium latastei, by original designation. Key to s p e d e s : Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 79. Review of genus: Bolton, 1987: 2 8 4 .

NOTHOMYRMECIA (Nothomyrmeciinae) Nothomyrmecia Clark, 1934a: 17. Type-spedes: Nothomyrmecia macrops, by original designation. Review of genus: Taylor, 1978a: 979; see also Holldobler & Taylor, 1984: 384. *NOTHOMYRMICA (Myrmicinae: M y r m i d n i ? ) *Nothomyrmica~Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 60. Type-spedes: *Macromischa rudis, by original designation. [*Nothomyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 4 1 3 , a n d Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 167, nominanuda.] NOTHOSPHINCTUS (junior s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex) Nothosphinctus Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219 [as subge­ n u s of Eusphinctus]. Type-spedes: Sphinctomyrmex froggatti, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1943f: 6 7 5 . Nothosphinctus provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Nothosphinctus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1975:31. NOTOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Chelaner) Notomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium}. Type-spedes: Atta antarctica, by origi­ n a l designation. Notomyrmex raised to genus: Kusnezov, 1957a: 2 6 9 ; Kusnezov, 1960b: 3 4 3 . Notomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 9 3 . [Chelaner j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987:287.] NOTONCUS (Formicinae: Melophorini) Notoncus Emery, 1895g: 352. Type-spedes: Camponotus ectatommoides, by original designation. Notoncus senior s y n o n y m of Diodontolepis, a n d revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1955d: 4 7 1 . NOTOSTIGMA ( F o r m i d n a e : Camponotini) Notostigma Emery, 1920b: 2 5 2 . Type-spedes: Camponotus carazzii, by original designation. NOVOMESSOR (junior s y n o n y m oi Aphaenogaster) Novomessor Emery, 1915d: 7 3 . Type-spedes: Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) cockerelli, by original designation. Revision of genus: Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 3 4 3 . Novomessor j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1974b: 4 7 . Novomessor revived from s y n o n y m y : Holldobler, Stanton & Engel, 1976: 32. Novomessor j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 3 6 4 (discussion pp. 339-341). NYCTERESIA (junior s y n o n y m of Labidus) Nycteresia Roger, 1861a: 2 1 . Type-spedes: Formica coeca, by m o n o t y p y . Nycteresia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Eciton: Mayr, 1865: 76. Nycteresia junior s y n o n y m of Labidus: Emery, 1910b: 2 1 ; Borgmeier, 1955b: 80. NYLANDERIA (junior s y n o n y m of Paratrechina) Nylanderia Emery, 1906b: 133 [as subgenus of Prenolepis}. Type-spedes: Formica vividula, by original designation. Nylanderia subgenus of Paratrechina: Emery, 1925b: 2 1 7 . Nylanderia raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1936b: 210; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 166. Nylanderia provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Paratrechina: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Nylanderia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Paratrechina: Trager, 1984b: 5 1 . NYSTALOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m oi Aphaenogaster) Nystalomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 215 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster}. Type-spedes: Myrmica longiceps, by original designation. Nystalomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1973b:

Genus-Group Taxa

39

183. Nystalomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364. OCHETELLUS (DoUchoderinae) Ochetellus Shattuck, 1992a: 16. Type-species: Hypoclinea glabra, by original designation. Review of g e n u s : Shattuck, 1992c: 129. OCHETOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Ochetomyrmecini) Ochetomyrmex Mayr, 1878: 8 7 1 . Type-species: Ochetomyrmex semipolitus, by m o n o t y p y . Ochetomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Brownidris, a n d review of genus: Kempf, 1975c: 355; see also notes in Bolton, 1987: 266. OCTELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis) Octella Forel, 1915b: 70 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex]. Type-species: Oligomyrmex (Octella) pachycents, by original designation. Octella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119. Octella j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Taylor, 1991b: 611 (not directly stated b u t type-species transferred to Solenopsis). OCTOSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Basicerotini) Octostruma Forel, 1912e: 196 [as subgenus of Rhopalothrix]. Type-species: Rhopalothrix simoni (junior s y n o n y m of Octostruma iheringi), by sub­ s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82. Octostruma raised to genus: B r o w n , 1948e: 102. Revision of genus: B r o w n 8- Kempf, 1960: 181. OCYMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini) Ocymyrmex Emery, 1886: 364. Type-species: Ocymyrmex barbiger, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus: Bolton, 1981b: 260; Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1267. ODONTOMACHUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Odontomachus Latreille, 1 8 0 4 : 1 7 9 . Type-species: For­ mica haematoda, by m o n o t y p y . Odontomachus senior s y n o n y m of Pedetes: Dalla Torre, 1893: 5 1 . Odontomachus senior s y n o n y m of Champsomyrmex a n d Myrtoteras, a n d revision of genus: B r o w n , 1976a: 6 7 . ODONTOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex) Odontomyrmex Andre, 1 9 0 5 : 2 0 7 . Type-species: Odontomyrmex quadridentatus, by m o n o t y p y . Odontomyrmex subgenus of Pristomyrmex: Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 4 ; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 682. Odontomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pristomyrmex:Mann, 1919: 3 4 1 ; Emery, 1922f: 2 3 3 ; Taylor, 1965b: 35; Bolton, 1981b: 2 8 2 . ODONTOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys) Odontopelta Emery, 1911 d: 101 [as subgenus of Leptogenys]. Type-species: Leptogenys turneri, by m o n o t y p y . Odontopelta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Leptogenys: Brown, 1973b: 183. Odontopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 32 (accepted as confirmation). ODONTOPONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Odontoponera Mayr, 1862: 717. Type-spedes: Ponera denticulata (junior s y n o n y m of Odontoponera trans­ versa), by monotypy. OECODOMA (junior s y n o n y m of Atta) Oecodoma Latreille, 1818: 222. Type-spedes: Formica cephalotes, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 174. Oecodoma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: Roger, 1863b: 3 5 . OECOPHTHORA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Oecophthora Heer, 1852: 15. Type-spedes: Oecophthora pusilla (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole megacephala), by

40

Genus-Group Taxa

m o n o t y p y . Oecophthora j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 172. OECOPHYLLA (Formicinae: Oecophyllini) Oecophylla Smith, F. 1860b: 1 0 1 . Type-spedes: Formica virescens (junior s y n o n y m of Oecophylla smaragdina), by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 310. OEDALEOCERUS (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis) Oedaleocerus Creighton, 1930b: 4 3 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsisangulata, by origi­ nal designation. Oedaleocerus raised to genus: Kusnezov, 1957a: 272; Kusnezov, 1962b: 160. Oedaleocerus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134. OLIGOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini) OligomyrmexMayr, 1867a: 110. Type-species: Oligomyrmex concinnus, by m o n o t y p y . Oligomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Aeromyrma, Aneleus (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Sporocleptes), Crateropsis, Hendecatella, Lecanomyrma, Nimbamyrma, Solenops, a n d review of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 9 . Oligomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Erebomyrma (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Spelaeomyrmex): Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . ONYCHOMYRMEX (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini) Onychomyrmex Emery, 1895g: 349. Type-spedes: Onychomyrmex hedleyi, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus: B r o w n , 1960a: 178. OOCERAEA (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys) Ooceraea Roger, 1862a: 2 4 8 . Type-species: Ooceraea fragosa, by m o n o t y p y . Ooceraea subgenus of Cerapachys: Emery, 1902d: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185. Ooceraea provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Ooceraea j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 9 . OPHTHALMOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Ophthalmopone Forel, 1890b: ori. Type-spedes: Ophthalmopone berthoudi, b y m o n o t y p y . Ophthalmopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation. OPISTHOPSIS (Formicinae: Camponotini) Opisthopsis Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 1 9 . Replacement n a m e for Myrmecopsis Smith, F. 1865: 68. [Junior h o m ­ o n y m oi Myrmecopsis N e w m a n , 1850: cxxii.] Revi­ sion of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 341 (out of date). OPISTHOSCYPHUS (junior s y n o n y m oi Alfaria) Opisthoscyphus M a n n , 1 9 2 2 : 4 . Type-spedes: Opisthoscyphus scabrosus (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys minuta), by original designation. Opisthoscyphus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Alfaria: B r o w n , in Borgmeier, 1957: 115. [Alfaria j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g:212.] ORECTOGNATHUS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Orectognathus Smith, F. 1 8 5 4 : 2 2 7 . Type-species: Orectognathus antennatus, by m o n o t y p y . Orectognathus senior s y n o n y m of Arnoldidris: Taylor, 1977: 5 8 1 . Revisions of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1953k: 84; B r o w n , 1958b: 17; Taylor, 1977: 585; Taylor, 1978b: 1. OREOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Neomyrma) Oreomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1914d: 118 [as subgenus of Myrmica]. Type-spedes: Myrmica rubida, by original designation. Oreomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Neomyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1915a: 50. [Neomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Manica: Emery, 192 If: 42.]

ORNATINODA (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex) Ornatinoda E n z m a n n , E.V. 1944: 61 [as "branch" of Pseudomyrma]. Type-spedes: Formica tenuis, by origi­ nal designation. Ornatinoda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 9 . #ORTHOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Orthocrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as subgenus of Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Myrmica sordidula, by original designation. Orthocrema raised to genus: Soulie, 1964: 398. Orthocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed). Orthocrema reverts h e r e to subgenus of Crematogaster. Key to Indo-Australian species: Menozzi, 1935a: 112. ^ORTHONOTOMYRMEX (subgenus of Camponotus) Orthonotomyrmex Ashmead, 1906: 3 1 . Replacement n a m e for Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384. [Junior h o m o n y m of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens, 1829: 344.] Orthonotomyrmex subgenus of Camponotus:Forel, 1913c: 350 (in text). Orthonotomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed). Notes o n subgenus: Donisthorpe, 1942g: 2 4 8 . ORTHONOTUS (junior h o m o n y m , see Orthonotomyrmex) Orthonotus Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-spedes: For­ mica sericea, by original designation. [Junior h o m ­ o n y m of Orthonotus Westwood, in Stephens, 1829: 344 (Hemiptera).] Orthonotomyrmex Ashmead, 1906: 3 1 , replacement n a m e for Orthonotus Ashmead. OTOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Cataulacus) OtomyrmexYorA, 1891b: 147 [as subgenus of Cataula­ cus}. Type-spedes: Cataulacus oberthueri, by m o n o t y p y . Otomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataulacus: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Otomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataulacus: Bolton, 1974a: 7. OVERBECKIA ( F o r m i d n a e : Camponotini) Overbeckia Viehmeyer, 1916a: 1 5 1 . Type-species: Overbeckia subclavata, by m o n o t y p y . OXYEPOECUS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926d: 6. Type-spedes: Oxyepoecus bruchi, by m o n o t y p y . Oxyepoecus senior s y n o n y m of Forelifidis (and t h e j u n i o r h o m o n y m Martia Forel): B r o w n , 1955b: 6 8 . Review of g e n u s : Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 4 4 . Revision of g e n u s : Kempf, 1974b: 4 7 1 . #OXYGYNE (subgenus of Crematogaster) OxygyneVorA, 1901e: 375 [as subgenus oi Crematogas­ ter]. Type-spedes: Crematogaster (Oxygyne) daisyi, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911 f: 169. Oxygyne raised to genus: Soulie, 1964: 398. Oxy­ gyne provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed). Oxygyne reverts h e r e to subgenus of Crematogaster. *OXYIDRIS (Myrrmcinae: Pheidologetonini) *Oxyidris Wilson, 1985a: 5. Type-species: *Oxyidrisantillana, by original designation. OXYOPOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini) Oxyopomyrmex Andre, 1881b: 72. Type-spedes: Oxyopomyrmex oculatus, b y m o n o t y p y . PACHYCONDYLA (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Pachycondyla Smith, F. 1858b: 105. Type-spedes: For­ mica crassinoda, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1901a: 4 2 . Pachycondyla provisional senior s y n o n y m of Bothroponera (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Pseudoneoponera), Ectomomyrmex, Eumecopone,

Mesoponera (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Xiphopelta), Neoponera, Pseudoponera (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Trachymesopus), Termitopone (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Syntermitopone), Wadeura: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 9 - 1 8 5 . Pachycondyla provisional senior s y n o n y m of Brachyponera: Snelling, 1981: 389. Confirmation of t h e s e provisional s y n o n y m s , a n d Pachycondyla senior s y n o n y m of Euponera, Hagensia, Megaponera, Ophthalmopone, Paltothyreus: B r o w n , in preparation. PACHYSIMA (junior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera) Pachysima Emery, 1912b: 97 [as subgenus of Sima]. Type-species: Tetraponera aethiops, by m o n o t y p y . Pachysima raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1918c: 308 (footnote). Revision of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 112. Pachysima provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetraponera: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Pachysima j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetraponera: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 7 0 . PAEDALGUS (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini) Paedalgus Forel, 191 l i : 2 1 7 . Type-species: Paeaalgus escherichi, by monotypy. Review of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 8 . Revision of g e n u s : Bolton & Belshaw, 1 9 9 3 : 1 8 1 . PALAEATTA (junior s y n o n y m of Atta) Palaeatta Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 4 4 [as subgenus of Atta]. Type-species: Atta bisphaerica, by original designa­ tion. Palaeatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: Weber, 1958a: 8. Palaeatta revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­ n u s of Atta, a n d revision of subgenus: Borgmeier, 1959b: 377. Palaeatta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atta: B r o w n , 1973b: 183; confirmed Bolton, 1994: 105. *PALAEOMYRMEX (transferred to HOMOPTERA) *Palaeomyrmex Heer, 1 8 6 5 : 9 1 . Type-spedes: *Palaeomyrmexprodromus, by m o n o t y p y . *Palaeomyrmex transferred from F o r m i d d a e to HOMOPTERA: Handlirsch, 1906: 507. *PALAEOMYRMEX (junior h o m o n y m , see *Dlusskyidris) *PalaeomyrmexDhissky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 8 . Type-spedes: *Palaeomyrmexzherichini, by original designation. [Junior h o m o n y m of *Palaeomyrmex Heer, 1865: 91 (Homoptera).] *Dlusskyidris Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 8 7 , re­ placement n a m e for *Palaeomyrmex DIussky. *Palaeomyrmex DIussky transferred to *Sphecomyrmidae: DIussky, 1983: 66. *Palaeomyrmex DIussky j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Wilson, 1 9 8 7 : 4 9 ; Holldobler & Wil­ son, 1 9 9 0 : 9 . *Palaeomyrmex DIussky revived from s y n o n y m y : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77; Carpen­ ter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 3 . *PALEOSMINTHURUS (*Paleosminthurinae) *Paleosminthurus Pierce & Gibron, 1 9 6 2 : 1 4 6 . Type-spe­ d e s : *Paleosminthurusjuliae, b y m o n o t y p y . *Paleosminthurus transferred from *Paleosminthuridae to F o r m i d d a e : Najt, 1 9 8 7 : 1 5 2 . PALTOTHYREUS (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Paltothyreus Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 3 5 . Type-spedes: Formica tarsata, by m o n o t y p y . Paltothyreus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation. PAPYRIUS (DoUchoderinae) Papyrius Shattuck, 1992a: 17. Type-spedes: Iridomyrmex nitida, by original designation. Review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 134. PARACOLOBOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmaphaenus) Paracolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 2 4 9 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-species: Camponotus salvini, by

original designation. Paracolobopsis j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmaphaenus: Emery, 1925b: 152. #PARACREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Paracrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as subgenus of Crematogaster]. Type-spedes: Crematogasterspengeli, by original designation. Paracrema raised to g e n u s : Soulie, 1964: 3 9 8 . Paracrema provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Paracrema h e r e reverts to subgenus of Crematogaster. PARACRYPTOCERUS (junior s y n o n y m of Zacryptocerus) Paracryptocerus Emery, 19151: 192 [as subgenus of Cryptocerus]. Type-spedes: Cryptocerus spinosus, by original designation. Paracryptocerus raised to genus: Smith, M.R. 1949c: 20. Paracryptocerus senior syn­ o n y m of Cyathocephalus ( h o m o n y m ) , Cyathomyrmex, a n d Harnedia: Kempf, 1972a: 175. Paracryptocerus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Zacryptocerus: Kempf, 1973c: 4 6 0 . Revisionary studies: Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 1 5 3 ; Kempf, 1952: 1; Kempf, 1958a: 6 1 . PARAENICTUS (junior s y n o n y m of Aenictus) Paraenictus Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 27 [as subgenus of Aenictus]. Type-spedes: Aenictus (Paraenictus) silvestrii, by m o n o t y p y . Paraenictus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aenictus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 4 . PARAFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis) Paraformica Forel, 1915b: 95 (footnote) [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-spedes: Formica (Paraformica) emmae, by m o n o t y p y . Paraformica raised to genus: Emery, 1925b: 260; Paraformica subgenus of Cataglyphis: Santschi, 1925g: 353; Santschi, 1929b: 30. Paraformica subgenus of Proformica: KuznetsovUgamsky, 1928a: 7. Paraformica provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Paraformica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis: Agosti, 1990a: 1462; Agosti, 1994a: 103. *PARAMERANOPLUS (Myrmicinae: Meranoplini) *Parameranoplus Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 69. Type-spe­ d e s : *Parameranoplus primaevus, by m o n o t y p y . PARAMYCETOPHYLAX (junior s y n o n y m of Mycetophylax) Paramycetophylax Kusnezov, 1 9 5 6 : 2 3 . Type-spedes: Sericomyrmex bruchi, by m o n o t y p y . Paramycetophylax junior s y n o n y m of Mycetophylax: Weber, 1958d: 262. #PARAMYRMAMBLYS (subgenus of Camponotus) Paramyrmamblys Santschi, 1926c: 6 0 4 [as subgenus of Camponotus].Type-species: Camponotus (Myrmamblys) ostiarius, by original designation. Paramyrmamblys provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed). PARAMYRMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmica) Paramyrmica Cole, 1957a: 37. Type-spedes: Paramyrmica colax, by original designation. Paramyrmica provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmica: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Paramyrmica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3. PARANAMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis) Paranamyrma Kusnezov, 1953d: 17. Type-spedes: Paranamyrma solenopsidis, by m o n o t y p y . [Paranamyrma also described as n e w by Kusnezov, 1954a: 9.] Paranamyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenop­ sis: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 3 4 . *PARANEURETUS (Aneuretinae) *Paraneuretus Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 7 3 . Type-spedes: *Paraneuretus tornquisti, by original designation.

[*Paraneuretus Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 4 1 3 ; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 148; Emery, 1912g: 2; nomina nuda.] PARANOMOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Heteroponera) Paranomopone Wheeler, W.M. 1915c: 117. Type-spe­ d e s : Paranomopone relicta, by m o n o t y p y . Paranomopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Heteroponera: B r o w n , 1958g: 194. PARAPARATRECHINA (junior s y n o n y m of Paratrechina) Paraparatrechina Donisthorpe, 1947d: 192 [as subge­ n u s of Paratrechina]. Type-species: Paratrechina (Paraparatrechina) pallida, by m o n o t y p y . Paraparatrechina provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Paratrechina: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Paraparatrechina j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Paratrechina: Trager, 1984b: 58. PARAPHACOTA (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium) Paraphacota Santschi, 1919d: 90. Type-spedes: Paraphacota surcoufi, b y m o n o t y p y . [Type-spedes not Phacota noualhieri, unjustified subsequent designa­ tion b y Santschi, 1927d: 2 4 5 ; this error repeated in Ettershank, 1966: 82 a n d Bolton, 1973a: 352.] Paraphacota j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Santschi, 1927d: 2 4 3 ; Bolton, 1987: 2 9 3 . *PARAPHAENOGASTER (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini) *Paraphaenogaster DIussky, 1981b: 6 8 . Type-spedes: *Paraphaenogaster microphthalmus, by original desig­ nation. [*Paraphaeogaster Hong, 1984: 8, incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spelling.] PARAPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Parapheidole Emery, 1915d: 68. Type-species: Aphaenogaster oculata, by m o n o t y p y . Parapheidole provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183. Parapheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366. PARAPLAGIOLEPIS (junior s y n o n y m of Plagiolepis) Paraplagiolepis Faber, 1969: 65 [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-spedes: Plagiolepis xene, by m o n o t y p y . Paraplagiolepis provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Plagiolepis: B r o w n , 1973b: 183; confirmed Bolton, 1994: 5 1 . PARAPONERA (Ponerinae: Paraponerini) Paraponera Smith, F. 1858b: 100. Type-spedes: Formica clavata, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of g e n u s : Brown, 1958g: 2 0 5 . See also: Lattke, 1994: 1 1 1 . PARAPRIONOPELTA (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini) Paraprionopelta Kusnezov, 1 9 5 5 : 2 7 0 . Type-spedes: Paraprionopelta minima, by m o n o t y p y . Paraprionopelta discussed: B r o w n , 1960a: 1 8 1 . Paraprionopelta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone:Brown, 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed). PARASIMA Ounior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera) Parasima Donisthorpe, 1948d: 592 [as subgenus of Tetraponera]. Unnecessary replacement n a m e for Sima in t h e sense of Emery, 192 If: 2 3 . Parasima j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetraponera: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 7 0 . PARASYSCIA (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys) Parasyscia Emery, i n Andre, 1882c: 2 3 5 . Type-spedes: Parasyscia piochardi, by m o n o t y p y . Parasyscia subge­ n u s of Cerapachys-.ForA, 18921:243. Parasyscia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76. PARATOPULA (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini) Paratopula Wheeler, WJVI. 1919e: 144. Type-species: Atopomyrmex ceylonicus, by original designation. Paratopula provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Atopula:

Genus-Group Taxa

41

B r o w n , 1973b: 1 8 3 . Paratopula valid genus, a n d revision of g e n u s : Bolton, 1988b: 125. PARATRECHINA (Formicinae: Lasiini) Paratrechina Motschoulsky, 1 8 6 3 : 1 3 . Type-species: Paratrechina currens (junior s y n o n y m of Paratrechina longicornis), by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 170. Paratrechina j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Prenolepis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 177; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 940. Paratrechina revived from s y n o n y m y : Emery, 1925b: 216. Paratrechina senior s y n o n y m of Nylanderia a n d Paraparatrechina, a n d revision of N o r t h American species: Trager, 1984b: 58. Paratrechina senior s y n o n y m of Andragnathus: Agosti & Bolton, 1990a: 7 5 . PARECTATOMMA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Parectatomma Emery, 1 9 l i d : 4 4 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma triangulare, by original designation. Parectatomma subgenus of Gnamptogenys: Forel, 1917: 2 3 6 . Parectatomma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys:Brown, 1958g: 212. PARHOLCOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium) Parholcomyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium]. Type-species: Myrmica gracillima (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium destructor), by origi­ nal designation. Parholcomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; see also Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 9 6 . [Paraholcomyrmex Emery, 19151: 191, incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spelling.] PEDETES (junior s y n o n y m of Odontomachus) Pedetes Bernstein, 1 8 6 1 : 7. Type-species: Pedetes macrorhynchus, by m o n o t y p y . Pedetes j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Odontomachus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 5 1 . PENTASTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Pentastruma Forel, 1912a: 50. Type-species: Pentastruma sauteri, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n & Boisvert, 1 9 7 9 : 2 0 1 . [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] PERGANDEA (nomen nudum) Pergandea Ashmead, 1905b: 382, nomen nudum. PERISSOMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae: Myrmecmini) Perissomyrmex Smith, M.R. 1947i: 2 8 1 . Type-species: Perissomyrmex snyderi, by original designation. PERONOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini) Peronomyrmex Viehmeyer, 1 9 2 2 : 2 1 2 . Type-species: Peronomyrmex overbecki, by m o n o t y p y . Review of genus: Taylor, 1970b: 2 0 9 . PETALOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Brachymyrmecini) Petalomyrmex Snelling, 1979b: 5. Type-species: Petalomyrmexphylax, by original designation. *PETRAEOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae) *Petraeomyrmex Carpenter, 1930: 5 5 . Type-spedes: *Petraeomyrmex minimus, by original designation. *PETROPONE (*Armaniinae) *Petropone DIussky, 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 9 . Type-spedes: *Petropone petiolata, by original designation. *Petropone placed in *Armaniidae: DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1 9 8 7 : 7 7 . *Petropone possible j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9. *Petropone status as genus: Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 3 PHACOTA (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) Phacota Roger, 1862b: 2 6 0 . Type-spedes: Phacota sichelii, by m o n o t y p y . Phacota j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 8 2 . Phacota revived from s y n o n y m y : Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 8 1 .

42

Genus-Group Taxa

PHALACROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Phalacromyrmecini) PhalacromyrmexKempf, 1960b: 89. Type-spedes: Phalacromyrmexfugax, by original designation. Review of genus: Bolton, 1984: 377. PHARAOPHANES (unavailable n a m e ) Pharaophanes Bernard, 1953b: 2 3 8 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Monomorium]. [Without designation of t y p e - s p e d e s ; unavailable n a m e . ] I n d u d e d s p e d e s all referable to Monomorium; see also n o t e in Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 90. PHASMOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Camponotini) Phasmomyrmex Stitz, 1 9 1 0 : 1 4 6 . Type-spedes: Phasmomyrmex sericeus (junior s y n o n y m of Phasmomyrmex buchneri), by m o n o t y p y . Phasmomyrmex subgenus of Camponotus: Forel, I912i: 90. Phasmomyrmex revived status as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 0 1 . Subgenera of Phasmomyrmex: n o m i n a l plus Myrmacantha, Myrmorhachis. PHAULOMYRMA (Leptanillinae: Leptanillini) Phaulomyrma Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, E.W. 1930: 193. Type-spedes: Phaulomyrma javana, by original designation. Review of g e n u s : Petersen, 1968: 593; Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 480. PHEIDOLACANTHINUS (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Pheidolacanthinus Smith, F. 1865: 7 5 . Type-spedes: Pheidolacanthinus armatus (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole quadrispinosa), by m o n o t y p y . Pheidolacanthinus subgenus of Pheidole: Forel, 1900a: 2 5 . Pheidolacanthinus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Brown, 1973b: 183. Pheidolacanthinus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 5 . PHEIDOLE (Myrmicinae: Pheidolini) Pheidole Westwood, 1 8 3 9 : 2 1 9 . Type-spedes: Atta providens, b y m o n o t y p y . Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of Oecophthora: Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 172. Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of leptomyrma.-Emery, 1892b: 166. Pheidole senior s y n o n y m oi Allopheidole a n d Cardiopheidole: Emery, 1921 f: 8 4 . Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of Phidole: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 806. Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of Macropheidole: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 8 0 0 . Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of Epipheidole: Cole, 1965: 174. Pheidole provisional senior s y n o n y m of Anergatides, Bruchomyrma, Ceratopheidole, Conothoracoides, Conothorax (hom­ o n y m ) , Decapheidole, Elasmopheidole, Electropheidole, Eriopheidole, Gallardomyrma, Hendecapheidole (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Cephalomorium), Ischnomyrmex (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m Isopheidole), Parapheidole, Pheidolacanthinus, Scrobopheidole, Stegopheidole, Sympheidole, a n d Trachypheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 8 185. Confirmation of these s y n o n y m s : Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 5 . Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of Anergatides a n d Bruchomyrma: Wilson, 1984: 327. Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of Xenoaphaenogaster: Bolton, 1987: 2 9 1 . Pheidole senior s y n o n y m of Phidola: Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . Key to N o r t h American s p e d e s : Gregg, 1959:9. PHEIDOLOGETON (Myrmicinae: Pheidologetonini) Pheidologeton Mayr, 1862: 7 5 0 . Type-spedes: Oecodoma diversa, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 1 6 0 . Pheidologeton senior s y n o n y m of Phidologeton:Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 8 8 0 .

Pheidologeton senior s y n o n y m of Amauromyrmex a n d Idrisella, a n d review of genus: Ettershank, 1966: 115. PHIDOLA (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Phidola Schulz, 1 9 0 6 : 1 5 5 , unjustified e m e n d a t i o n of Pheidole. Phidola j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Bolton, 1994:106. PHIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Phidole Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 2 0 , unjustified e m e n d a t i o n of Pheidole. Phidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Wheeler, 1922a: 806. PHIDOLOGETON (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton) PhidologetonBingnam, 1 9 0 3 : 1 6 0 , unjustified e m e n d a ­ tion of Pheidologeton. Phidologeton j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidologeton: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880. PHILIDRIS

(Dolichoderinae)

Philidris Shattuck, 1992a: 17. Type-spedes: Formica cordata, by original designation. Review of g e n u s : Shattuck, 1992c: 140. PHRYNOPONERA

(Ponerinae: Ponerini)

Phrynoponera Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 5 3 . Type-spedes: Bothroponeragabonensis, by original designation. Revision of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 75 (out of date). Phrynoponera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 183 (unconfirmed). Phrynoponera valid g e n u s : h e r e noted. PHYRACACES (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys) Phyracaces Emery, 1902c: 2 3 . Type-spedes: Cerapachys mayri, by original designation. Phyracaces provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Phyracaces j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 19. PHYSATTA (junior s y n o n y m of Heptacondylus) Physatta Smith, F. 1857a: 7 7 . Type-spedes: Physatta dromedarius (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmicaria carinata), by m o n o t y p y . Physatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Heptacondylus:Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 5 5 ( i n t e x t ) . [Heptacondylus j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Myrmicaria: Smith, F. 1865:73.] itPHYSOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Physocrema Forel, 1912f: 2 2 0 [as subgenus of Crematogaster}. Type-spedes: Crematogaster inflata, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82. Physocrema raised to g e n u s : Soulie, 1964: 398. Physocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 183. Physocrema h e r e reverts to subgenus of Crematogaster. PILOTROCHUS (Myrrmcinae: P h a l a a o m y r m e c i n i ) Pilotrochus B r o w n , 1978a: 2 1 8 . Type-spedes: Pilotrochus besmerus, by original designation. Review of genus: Bolton, 1984: 380. *PITYOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae) *PityomyrmexWheeler, W.M. 1915h: 9 8 . Type-spedes: *Pityomyrmex tornquisti, by m o n o t y p y . PLAGIOLEPIS (Formicinae: Plagiolepidini) Plagiolepis Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 4 2 . Type-spedes: Formica pygmaea, by m o n o t y p y . Plagiolepis provisional senior s y n o n y m of Anacantholepis, Aporomyrmex a n d Paraplagiolepis: Brown, 1973b: 178, 183. S y n o n y m y of Aporomyrmex a n d Paraplagiolepis confirmed Bol­ ton, 1994: 5 1 ; s y n o n y m y of Anacantholepis remains unconfirmed. PLANIMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster) Planimyrma Viehmeyer, 1914d: 604 [as subgenus of Aphaenogaster]. Type-spedes: Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex) loriai, by original designation.

Planimyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Planimyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 364. PLATYSTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Smithistruma) Platystruma B r o w n , 1953g: 112 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) depressiceps, by original designation. Platystruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35. PLATYTHYREA (Ponerinae: Platytbyreini) Platythyrea Roger, 1863a: 172. Type-species: Pachycondyla punctata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 7 3 . Platythyrea senior s y n o n y m of Eubothroponera, a n d revision of g e n u s : Brown, 1975:6. PLECTROCTENA (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Plectroctena Smith, F. 1858b: 1 0 1 . Type-species: Plectroctena mandibularis, by m o n o t y p y . Plectroctena senior s y n o n y m of Cacopone: Bolton, 1974c: 3 1 3 . Revisions of g e n u s : Santschi, 1924a: 155 (out of date); Bolton, 1974c: 309. PODOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini) Podomyrma Smith, F. 1859a: 145. Type-species: Podomyrma femorata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 170. Podomyrma senior syn­ o n y m of *Acrostigma: Dalla Torre, 1893: 59. Podomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Dacryon a n d Pseudopodomyrma: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 80. POECILOMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini) Poecilomyrma M a n n , 1 9 2 1 : 4 4 5 . Type-species: Poecilomyrma senirewae, by original designation. POGONOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Myrrnicini) Pogonomyrmex Mayr, 1868b: 169. Type-species: Formica badia, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 1 1 f : 1 7 0 . Pogonomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Ephebomyrmex a n d Forelomyrmex (and t h e j u n i o r h o m o n y m Janetia Forel): Bolton, 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 6 . Keys to species: Gallardo, 1932b: 95 and Kusnezov, 1951a: 2 5 4 (Argentina); Cole, 1968: 38 (North America); Snelling & H u n t , 1976: 72 (Chile); MacKay, W.P., MacKay, E.E., Dominguez, J.F.P., etal, 1985: 39 (Mexico); Shattuck, 1987: 175 (ocddentalis-complex); see also Holldobler, 1976: 3; Taber, 1990: 307. POLYERGVS (Forrnicinae: Formicini) Polyergus Latreille, 1 8 0 4 : 1 7 9 . Type-species: Formica rufescens, b y m o n o t y p y . Revision of N o r t h American species: Smith, M.R. 1947g: 150; Wheeler, J. 1968: 156; see also Creighton, 1950a: 552; Agosti, 1994a: 109. POLYHOMOA (junior s y n o n y m of Kyidris) Polyhomoa A z u m a , 1950: 36. Type-species: Polyhomoa itoi (junior s y n o n y m of Kyidris mutica), by m o n o t y p y . Polyhomoa j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Kyidris: Creighton, 1950b: 9 3 ; see also B r o w n & Yasumatsu, 1951:93. POLYRHACHIS (Formicinae: Camponotini) Polyrhachis Smith, F. 1857a: 58. Type-species: Formica bihamata, by original designation. [Polyrhachis Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172, nomen nudum.} Polyrhachis subgenus oi Myrma: Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 8 6 0 . Myrma subgenus of Polyrhachis: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 993 (see u n d e r Myrma). Subgenera of Polyrhachis (alphabetical order w i t h s y n o n y m s indicated): n o m i n a l plus Anoplomyrma, Aulacomyrma, Campomyrma, Cephalomyrma (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmhopla),

Chariomyrma, Cyrtomyrma, Dolichorhachis, Evelyna (junior s y n o n y m oi Myrmothrinax), Florencea (junior s y n o n y m oi Myrmhopla), Hagiomyrma, Hedomyrma, Hemioptica, Hoplomyrmus (junior s y n o n y m of Myrma), Irenea (junior s y n o n y m oi Myrmatopa), Johnia (junior s y n o n y m of Aulacomyrma), Morleyidris (junior s y n o n y m of Hedomyrma), Myrma, Myrmatopa, Myrmhopla, Myrmothrinax, Pseudocyrtomyrma (junior s y n o n y m of Myrma). Revi­ sion of subgenera: H u n g , 1967b: 3 9 5 . All subgenera given as provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m s of Polyrhachis: B r o w n , 1973b: 1 7 8 - 1 8 4 (unconfirmed); see u n d e r individual entries. The entry of Chariomyrma, Hagiomyrma, a n d Hedomyrma u n d e r t h e s y n o n y m y of Polyrhachis by Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 131, is n o t considered as confirmation as t h e t h r e e sub­ genera all range outside t h e Australasian Region. Key to Afrotropical species: Bolton, 1973b: 2 8 9 . [Polyrachis Arnold, 1924: 7 4 1 , incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spelling.] PONERA (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Ponera Latreille, 1804: 179. Type-species: Formica coarctata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Westwood, 1840a: 8 3 (see discussion i n Taylor, 1967a: 6). Pon­ era senior s y n o n y m of Pseudocryptopone a n d Selenopone: Wilson, 1957b: 356. Revision of genus: Taylor, 1967a: 1. Ponera senior s y n o n y m of Pteroponera: B r o w n , in preparation. PONERACANTHA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Poneracantha Emery, 1897d: 547 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-specis: Ectatomma (Holcoponera) bispinosum, by original designation. Poneracantha j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g: 211. *PONERITES (Ponerinae: Ponerini) *PoneritesDIussky, 1981b: 67 [collective g r o u p n a m e ] . *PONEROPSIS (Ponerinae: Ponerini) *Poneropsis Heer, 1 8 6 7 : 1 9 . Type-species: *Ponera fuliginosa, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 1 7 1 . *PONEROPTERUS (*Armaniinae) *Poneropterus DIussky, 1983: 7 3 . Type-species: *Poneropterus sphecoides, by original designation. *Poneropterus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Wilson, 1 9 8 7 : 4 9 ; Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9. *Poneropterus revived from s y n o n y m y : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77; Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 4 . PRENOLEPIS (Formicinae: Lasiini) Prenolepis Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 52. Type-species: Tapinoma nitens, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903:325. PRIONOGENYS (junior s y n o n y m of Leptogenys) Prionogenys Emery, 1895g: 3 4 8 . Type-species: Prionogenys podenzanai, b y m o n o t y p y . Prionogenys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptogenys: Taylor, 1988: 3 3 . *PRIONOMYRMEX (Myrmeciinae: * P r i o n o m y r m e d n i ) *Prionomyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 7 7 . Type-species: *Prionomyrmex longiceps, by monotypy. PRIONOPELTA (Ponerinae: Amblyoponini) Prionopelta Mayr, 1866a: 5 0 3 . Type-species: Prionopelta punctulata, by m o n o t y p y . Prionopelta senior syn­ o n y m of Examblyopone: B r o w n , 1 9 5 1 : 1 0 2 . Prionopelta senior s y n o n y m of Renea: B r o w n , 1953c: 1 1 . Revision of genus: B r o w n , 1960a: 173.

PRISTOMYRMECIA (junior s y n o n y m of Promyrmeda) Pristomyrmeda Emery, 191 I d : 21 [as subgenus of Myrmecia]. Type-species: Myrmeda mandibularis, by original designation. Pristomyrmeda junior s y n o n y m of Promyrmeda: Clark, 1 9 5 1 : 119. [Promyrmeda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmecia: B r o w n , 1953j: 1.] PRISTOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Myrmecinmi) Pristomyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 9 0 3 . Type-species: Pristomyrmex pungens, by m o n o t y p y . Pristomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Odontomyrmex: M a n n , 1919: 3 4 1 . Pristomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Hylidris: B r o w n , 1953c: 9. Pristomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Dodous: B r o w n , 1971a: 3. Revision of Australasian species: Taylor, 1965b: 35; Taylor, 1968c: 63; of Afrotropical species: Bolton, 1981b: 282. PROATTA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini) Proatta Forel, 1912m: 7 6 8 . Type-species: Proatta butteli, b y m o n o t y p y . [Proatta also described as n e w by Forel, 1913k: 84.] [Proatta as senior s y n o n y m of Asemorhoptrum a n d Theryella: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 3 9 5 , i n error; these n a m e s properly attributable to synon­ y m y of Stenamma, see there.] PROBOLOMYRMEX (Ponerinae: Platythyreini) Probolomyrmex Mayr, 1901b: 2. Type-species: Pro­ bolomyrmex filiformis, by m o n o t y p y . Probolomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Escherichia, a n d revision of g e n u s : Taylor, 1965d: 346; see also B r o w n , 1 9 7 5 : 1 1 . *PROCERAPACHYS (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys) *Procerapachys Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 2 7 . Type-species: *Procerapachys annosus, by original designation. *Procerapachys j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: B r o w n , 1975: 19. PROCERATIUM (Ponerinae: Proceratiini) Proceratium Roger, 1863a: 1 7 1 . Type-species: Procerat­ ium silaceum, by m o n o t y p y . Proceratium senior syn­ o n y m of Sysphingta: B r o w n , in Borgmeier, 1957: 118. Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1958g: 2 4 1 . Keys to N e w World species: Snelling, 1 9 6 7 : 8 ; B r o w n , 1980b: 342; Ward, 1 9 8 8 : 1 1 6 ; to Afrotropical spe­ cies: Terron, 1 9 8 1 : 1 0 2 . See also: Lattke, 1994: 113. PROCRYPTOCERUS (Myrmicinae: Cephalotini) ProcryptocerusEmery, 1887b: 4 7 0 (footnote). Type-spe­ cies: Meranoplus striatus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 1 7 1 . Revision of g e n u s : Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 15. PRODICROASPIS (junior s y n o n y m of Lordomyrma) Prodicroaspis Emery, 1914f: 4 1 4 . Type-species: Prodicroaspis sarasini, by m o n o t y p y . Prodicroaspis j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lordomyrma: Bolton, 1994: 106. 'PRODIMORPHOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Gesomyrmedni) *ProdimorphomyrmexWheeler, W.M. 1915h: 111.Typespecies: *Prodimorphomyrmexprimigenius, by monotypy. PRODISCOTHYREA (junior s y n o n y m oi Discothyrea) Prodiscothyrea Wheeler, W.M. 1916i: 3 3 . Type-species: Prodiscothyrea velutina, by m o n o t y p y . Prodiscothyrea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Discothyrea: Brown, 1958g: 2 4 8 . PROFORMICA (Formicinae: Formicini) Proformica Ruzsky, 1902d: 13 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica nasuta, by m o n o t y p y . [Proformica also described as n e w by Ruzsky, 1903b: 303.] Proformica raised to genus: Bondroit, 1 9 1 8 : 4 0 . Key to species of former U.S.S.R. a n d contiguous countries: DIussky, 1969a: 2 3 1 . See also: Agosti, 1994a: 112.

Genus-Group Taxa

43

PROLASIUS (Fonnicinae: Melophorini) Prolasius Forel, 1892c: 331 [as subgenus of Lasius]. Type-species: Formica advena, by monotypy. Prolasius subgenus of Melophorus: Forel, 1917: 2 4 8 . Prolasius raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 9 5 . Key to species: McAreavey, 1947: 9. PROMERANOPLUS (junior s y n o n y m of Lordomyrma) Promeranoplus Emery, 1914f: 4 1 2 . Type-species: Pro­ meranoplus rouxi, b y m o n o t y p y . Promeranoplus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Lordomyrma: Bolton, 1994: 106. PROMYOPIAS (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex) Promyopias Santschi, 1914d: 323 [as subgenus of Myo­ pias]. Type-species: Myopias (Promyopias) silvestrii, by monotypy. Promyopias raised to g e n u s : Emery, 1915g: 26. Promyopias subgenus of Pseudoponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 9 . Promyopias provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 184; confirmed Bolton, 1994: 164. PROMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Liomyrmex) Promyrma Forel, 1912m: 7 6 4 . Type-species: Promyrma butteli, by m o n o t y p y . Promyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Liomyrmex: Forel, 1913k: 26; Emery, 1921f: 191. PROMYRMECIA (junior s y n o n y m oi Myrmecia) Promyrmeda Emery, 191 Id: 19 [as subgenus of Myrmeda]. Type-species: Myrmecia aberrans, by origi­ nal designation. Promyrmeda senior s y n o n y m of Halmamyrmecia a n d Pristomyrmeda: Clark, 1927: 37; Clark, 1 9 4 3 : 8 4 . Promyrmeda raised to genus, a n d revision of g e n u s : Clark, 1943: 84. [Promyrmeda j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmeda: B r o w n , 1953j: 1.] *PROMYRMJCIUM (Myrmicinae: unplaced to tribe) *Promyrmitium Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 362. Replace­ m e n t n a m e for *Myrmidum Heer, 1870: 7 8 . [Junior h o m o n y m of *Myrmidum Westwood, 1854: 396.] *PROPODOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia) *Propodomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 163. Type-spe­ cies: *Propodomyrma samlandica (junior s y n o n y m of *Vollenhovia beyrichi), by m o n o t y p y . [*Propodomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 4 1 3 , nomen nudum.] *Propodomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: Wheeler, W M . 1915h: 5 1 . PROSCOPOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Strumigenys) Proscopomyrmex Patrizi, 1 9 4 6 : 2 9 4 . Type-species: Proscopomyrmex londianensis, by m o n o t y p y . Pro­ scopomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Strumigenys: B r o w n , 1949d: 15. PROSOPWRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla) Prosopidris Wheeler, W.M. 1935b: 40 [as subgenus of Cardiocondyla}. Type-species: Cardiocondyla (Pro­ sopidris) sima, by original designation. Prosopidris raised to genus: Reiskind, 1965: 80. Prosopidris provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Prosopidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: Hohon, 1982: 309. PROTALARIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Basicerotini) Protalaridris B r o w n , 1980a: 36. Type-species: Protalaridris armata, by original designation. PROTAMBLYOPONE (junior s y n o n y m oi Amblyopone) Protamblyopone Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 1 [as s u b g e n u s of Amblyopone]. Type-species: Amblyopone (Pro­ tamblyopone) aberrans, by monotypy. Protamblyopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone: B r o w n , 1949c: 8 7 . *PROTAMBLYOPONE (junior h o m o n y m , see *Casaleia) * Protamblyopone DIussky, 1981b: 6 5 . Type-species: *Protamblyopone inversa, by original designation. [Junior

44

Genus-Group Taxa

h o m o n y m of Protamblyopone Wheeler, above.] *Casaleia Pagliano 8- Scaramozzino, 1990: 5, replace­ m e n t n a m e for *Protamblyopone DIussky. *PROTANEURETUS (Aneuretinae) *Protaneuretus'Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 7 1 . Type-species: *Protaneuretus sucdneus, by m o n o t y p y . [*Protaneuretus Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 4 1 3 ; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 148; Emery, 1912g: 2, nominanuda.] PROTANILLA (Leptanillinae: A n o m a l o m y r m i n i ) Protanilla Taylor, in Bolton, 1990b: 2 7 9 . Type-species: Protanilla rafflesi, by original designation. *PROTAZTECA (Dolichoderinae) *Protazteca Carpenter, 1 9 3 0 : 4 1 . Type-species: *Protazteca elongata, by original designation. PROTHOLCOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Chelaner) Protholcomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 162 [as subge­ n u s oi Monomorium]. Type-species: Monomorium rothsteini, by original designation. Protholcomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 9 3 . [Chelaner j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 287; see also discussion, p.300.] *PROTOFORMICA (Formicinae: Formicini) *Protoformica DIussky, 1967b: 83 [as subgenus of For­ mica]. Type-species: *Formica (Protoformica) proformicoides, by original designation. *Protoformica raised to g e n u s : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 7 7 . PROTOMOGNATHUS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini) Protomognathus Wheeler, W.M. 1905a: 3 [as subgenus of Tomognathus]. Type-species: Tomognathusamericanus, by m o n o t y p y . Protomognathus j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Harpagoxenus: Emery, 1 9 2 2 f : 2 6 5 . Protomognathus revived from s y n o n y m y a n d raised to genus: Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 6 5 . *PROTOPOI>fE (Ponerinae: Ponerini) *Protopone DIussky, 1988: 52. Type-species: *Protopone primigena, by original designation. *PROTRECHINA (Formicinae: Lasiini) *Protrechina Wilson, 1985d: 2 1 1 . Type-spedes: *Protrechina carpenteri, by original designation. PSALIDOMYRMEX (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Psalidomyrmex Andre, 1890: 3 1 3 . Type-spedes: Psalidomyrmexfoveolatus, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus: Bolton, 1975b: 1. PSAMMOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex) Psammomyrma Forel, 1912h: 4 3 [as subgenus of Dorymyrmex]. Type-spedes: Dorymyrmex planidens, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82. Psammomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: Forel, 1913b: 350; Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 9 3 . PSEUDACANTHOLEPIS (unavailable n a m e ) Pseudacantholepis Bernard, 1953b: 256 (attributed to Santschi) [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. [Without designation of t y p e - s p e d e s ; unavailable n a m e . ] I n d u d e d s p e d e s referable to Lepisiota. PSEUDAPHOMOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Brachymymiecini) Pseudaphomomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 5 3 . Types p e d e s : Aphomomyrmex emeryi, b y original designa­ tion. Diagnosis of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 695 (in key); Pseudaphomomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aphomomyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 4 4 . Pseudaphomomyrmex revived from s y n o n y m y : C h a p ­ m a n &Capco, 1 9 5 1 : 2 1 4 .

*PSEUDARMANIA (*Armaniinae) *Pseudarmania DIussky, 1983: 69. Type-spedes: *Pseudarmania rasnitsyni, by original designation. *Pseudarmania j u n i o r s y n o n y m of *Sphecomyrma: Wilson, 1987: 49; Holldobler & Wilson, 1 9 9 0 : 9 . *Pseudarmania revived from s y n o n y m y : DIussky & Fedoseeva, 1987: 77; Carpenter, 1 9 9 2 : 4 9 4 [mis­ spelled as *Pseudoarmania]. PSEUDOATTA (Myrrmcinae: Attini) Pseudoatta Gallardo, 1916d: 320. Type-spedes: Pseudoatta argentina, by m o n o t y p y . Pseudoatta provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acromyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 184 (unconfirmed). *PSEUDOCAMPONOTUS (Formicinae: Camponotini) *Pseudocamponotus Carpenter, 1930: 22. Type-spedes: *Pseudocamponotus elkoanus, by original designation. #PSEUDOCOLOBOPSIS (subgenus of Camponotus) Pseudocolobopsis Emery, 1920b: 249 [as subgenus of Camponotus}. Type-spedes: Camponotusmacrocephalus, by original designation. Pseudocolobopsis provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 184 (unconfirmed). PSEUDOCRYPTOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Ponera) PseudocryptoponeWheeler, W.M. 1933g: ^ . T y p e - s p e ­ d e s : Cryptopone tenuis, by original designation. Pseudocryptopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponera: Wilson, 1957b: 356. PSEUDOCYRTOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrma) Pseudocyrtomyrma Emery, 1921e: 18 [as subgenus of Polyrhachis]. Type-spedes: Polyrhachis revoili, by orig­ inal designation. Pseudocyrtomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrma: Bolton, 1973b: 2 8 8 . PSEVDODICHTHADIA (junior s y n o n y m of Labidus) Pseudodichthadia Andre, 1 8 8 5 : 8 3 8 . Type-spedes: Pseudodichthadia incerta (junior s y n o n y m of Labidus coecus), by m o n o t y p y . Pseudodichthadia j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Baton: Andre, in Forel, 1899c: 160 (foot­ n o t e ) . Pseudodichthadia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Labidus: Emery, 1910b: 2 1 . PSEUDOLASIUS (Formicinae: Lasiini) Pseudolasius Emery, 1887a: 2 4 4 . Type-spedes: Formica familiaris, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 337. Pseudolasius senior s y n o n y m of Nesolasius: Bolton, 1994: 50. Key to Afrotropical spe­ d e s : Menozzi, 1924b: 226 (out of date). PSEUDOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex) Pseudomyrma Guerin-Meneville, 1844a: 4 2 7 [as subge­ n u s of Formica]. Type-spedes: Pseudomyrma bicolor, by m o n o t y p y . Pseudomyrma senior s y n o n y m of Leptalea a n d Myrmex: Smith, F. 1858b: 153. Pseudomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrmex: Smith, M.R. 1952a: 9 8 . PSEUDOMYRMEX (Pseudomyrmecinae) Pseudomyrmex Lund, 1831b: 106. Type-spedes: Formica gradlis, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Smith, M.R. 1952a: 9 8 . Pseudomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Pseudomyrma (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Leptalea a n d Myrmex): Smith, M.R. 1952a: 9 8 . Pseudomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Apedunculata, Clavanoda, Latinoda, Ornatinoda, a n d Triangulinoda: Ward, 1990: 4 6 9 . Keys to s p e d e s : Kempf, 1961a: 373 (gradlisgroup); Ward, 1985b: 215 (Nearctic species); Ward, 1989: 4 0 7 (oculatus-group); Ward, 1989: 4 3 0 (subtilissimus-group); Ward, 1 9 9 2 : 7 6 (*Dorninican A m b e r fauna); Ward, 1993: 117 (Acaa'a-assodated taxa). Revision of genus: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 9 .

PSEUDONEOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Bothroponera) Pseudoneoponera Donisthorpe, 1943d: 4 3 9 . Type-spe­ d e s : Pseudoneoponera verecundae, b y original designa­ tion. Pseudoneoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Bothroponera: Wilson, 1958d: 3 6 1 . [Bothroponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in prepara­ tion.] PSEUDONOTONCUS ( F o r m i d n a e : Melophorini) Pseudonotoncus Clark, 1934c: 64. Type-spedes: Pseudonotoncus hirsutus, b y original designation. PSEUDOPODOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Podomyrma) Pseudopodomyrma Crawley, 1925a: 4 0 . Type-spedes: Pseudopodomyrma clarki, b y m o n o t y p y . Pseudopodomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Podomyrma: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Pseudopodomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Podomyrma: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 80 (accepted as confirmation). PSEUDOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Pseudoponera Emery, 1900c: 3 1 4 [as subgenus of Pachycondyla]. Type-spedes: Ponera quadridentata (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla stigma), b y m o n o t y p y . [Pseudoponera also described as n e w b y Emery, 1901a: 4 2 . Type-spedes n o t Ponera amblyops, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation b y Emery, 1901a: 42.] Pseudoponera subgenus of Euponera: Forel, 1901c: 1 4 1 . Pseudoponera raised to g e n u s : Bingham, 1903: 9 1 ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Emery, 1911d: 86; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 9 . Pseudoponera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Pseudoponera senior s y n o n y m of Trachymesopus (because of s y n o n y m o u s type-spe­ d e s ) : n e w s y n o n y m y . Pseudoponera j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , i n preparation. PSEUDOSTIGMACROS (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmacros) Pseudostigmacros McAreavey, 1 9 5 7 : 2 4 [as subgenus of Stigmacros]. Type-spedes: Stigmacros (Pseudostigmacros) inermis, b y original designation. Pseudostigmacros provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Pseudostigmacros j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stigmacros: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 4 5 (accepted as confirmation). PSEUDOSYSPHINCTA (junior s y n o n y m of Discothyrea) Pseudosysphincta Arnold, 1 9 1 6 : 1 6 1 . Type-spedes: Pseudosysphinctapoweri, b y original designation. Pseudosysphincta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Discothyrea: B r o w n , 1958g: 2 4 8 . [PseudosphinctaYi'heeler, W.M. 1922a: 645, i n c o r r e d s u b s e q u e n t spelling.] PTEROPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Ponera) PteroponeraBemard, 1950a: 3. Type-spedes: Pteroponera sysphinctoides, b y m o n o t y p y . Pteroponera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponera: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Pteroponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponera: B r o w n , in preparation. PYRAMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Strumigenys) Pyramica Roger, 1862a: 2 5 1 . Type-spedes: Pyramica gundlachi, b y m o n o t y p y . Pyramica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 145; Bingham, 1903: 147. Pyramica revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Strumigenys: B r o w n , 1948e: 110. Pyramica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Strumigenys:Brovm & Wilson, 1959b: 2 8 1 ; B r o w n , 1960b: 37. QUADRISTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Quadristruma B r o w n , 1949b: 4 7 . Type-spedes: Epitritus

emmae, b y original designation. Review of genus: Bolton, 1 9 8 3 : 4 0 0 . [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] RAPTIFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica) Raptiformica Forel, 1913i: 361 [as subgenus oi For­ mica]. Type-spedes: Formica sanguinea, b y original designation. Raptiformica j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 107. RECURVIDRIS (Myrrmcinae: Pheidologetonini) Recurvidris Bolton, 1992: 36. Replacement n a m e for Trigonogaster Forel, 1890b: cviii. [Junior h o m o n y m of Trigonogaster Guerin-Meneville, 1844b: 1149.] Review of g e n u s (as Trigonogaster): Ettershank, 1966: 158. Revision of g e n u s : Bolton, 1992: 3 5 . RENEA (junior s y n o n y m of Prionopelta) Renea Donisthorpe, 1947d: 183. Type-spedes: Renea testacea (junior s y n o n y m of Prionopelta majuscula), b y original designation. Renea j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Prionopelta: B r o w n , 1953c: 1 1 . #RHACHIOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Rhachiocrema M a n n , 1919: 318 [as subgenus of Crematogaster}. Type-spedes: Crematogaster (Rhachiocrema) wheeleri, b y original designation. Rhachiocrema raised to g e n u s : Soulie, 1964: 3 9 8 . Rhachiocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster:Brown, 1973b: 184 (unconfirmed). Rhachiocrema h e r e reverts to subgenus of Crematogas­ ter. K e y to s p e d e s : Creighton, 1 9 4 5 : 1 0 9 . #RFnNOMYRMEX (subgenus of Camponotus) RhinomyrmexToxei, 1886f: 192. Type-spedes: Rhinomyrmex klaesii, b y m o n o t y p y . Rhinomyrmex s u b ­ genus of Camponotus: Emery, 1896d: 3 7 4 . Rhinomyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus:Brown, 1973b: 1 8 4 (unconfirmed). #RHIZOMYRMA (subgenus of Acropyga) Rhizomyrma Forel, 1893g: 3 4 7 [as subgenus of Acropyga]. Type-spedes: Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) goeldii, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 172. Rhizomyrma raised t o g e n u s : Emery, 1906c: 182; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Forel, 1912i: 8 9 ; Forel, 1917: 2 4 9 . Rhizomyrma subgenus oi Acropyga: Emery, 1925b: 2 9 . Rhizomyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Acropyga: B r o w n , 1973b: 184 (unconfirmed). K e y t o s p e d e s : Weber, 1944: 9 1 . #RHOGMUS (subgenus of Dorylus) Rhogmus Shuckard, 1840c: 3 2 3 . Type-spedes: Rhogmus ftmhriatus, b y original designation. Rhogmus subge­ n u s of Dorylus: Emery, 1895j: 7 0 2 . Rhogmus provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorylus: B r o w n , 1973b: 184 (unconfirmed). RHOPALOMASTIX (Myrmicinae: Melissotarsini) RhopalomastixForel, 1900a: 2 4 . Type-spedes: Rhopalomastixrothneyi, b y m o n o t y p y . Review of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1929d: 9 5 . *RHOPALOMYRMEX ( F o r m i d n a e : Plagiolepidini) *Rhopalomyrmex Mayr, 1868c: 4 1 . Type-spedes: *Rhopalomyrmexpygmaeus, b y m o n o t y p y . RHOPALOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Rhopalopone Emery, 1897d: 549. Type-spedes: Rhopalopone epinotalis, b y m o n o t y p y . Rhopalopone senior s y n o n y m of Mictoponera: Emery, 191 I d : 3 4 . Rhopalopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g:211. RHOPALOTHRIX (Myrmicinae: Basicerotini) Rhopalothrix Mayr, 1870a: 4 1 5 . Type-spedes:

Rhopalothrix ciliata, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 172. Rhopalothrix senior syn­ o n y m of Acanthidris a n d Heptastruma, a n d revision of genus: B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 2 3 0 . RHOPTROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Tetramoriini) Rhoptromyrmex Mayr, 1901b: 18. Type-spedes: Rhoptromyrmexglohinodis, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 172. Rhoptromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Acidomyrmex: B r o w n , 1964c: 1 1 . Rhoptromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Ireneella: Bolton, 1 9 7 6 : 2 9 8 . Rhoptromyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Hagioxenus-.BoWorr, 1986a: 2. Revisions of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1964c: 1 1 ; Bolton, 1976: 2 9 8 ; Bolton, 1986a: 1. RHYTIDOPONERA (Ponerinae: E d a t o m m i n i ) Rhytidoponera Mayr, 1862: 731 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-spedes: Ponera araneoides, b y sub­ s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1911d: 37. [Type-spe­ d e s n o t Ponera metallica as designated b y Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 172; see Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 79.] Rhytidoponera raised to genus: Emery, 1897d: 547; Emery, 1911 d: 36. Rhytidoponera senior s y n o n y m of Chalcoponera: B r o w n , 1953c: 2 . Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1958g: 2 8 8 . Keys t o s p e d e s : Clark, 1936: 16 (Australia); Wilson, 1958d: 3 0 4 (Melanesia a n d Moluccas); Ward, 1 9 8 0 : 4 7 8 (impressa-groxrp); Ward, 1 9 8 4 : 1 3 1 (New Caledonia). ROGERIA (Myrmicinae: Stenamniini) Rogeria Emery, 1894c: 188. Type-spedes: Rogeria curvipubens, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 172. Rogeria senior s y n o n y m of Irogera: Kempf, 1 9 6 5 : 1 8 5 . Key to Neotropical s p e d e s : Kempf, 1963a: 195. Revision of genus: Kugler, C , in press. ROMBLONELLA (Myrmicinae: Formicoxerrini) Romblonella Wheeler, W.M. 1935a: 5. Type-spedes: Romblonella grandinodis (junior s y n o n y m of Romblonella opaca), b y original designation. Revision of g e n u s : Smith, M.R. 1953a: 7 5 . ROSSOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Formicini) Rossomyrmex Arnol'di, 1928c: 2 9 9 . Type-spedes: Rossomyrmexproformicarum, b y original designation. See also: Agosti, 1994a: 112. ROSTROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Stenammini) Rostromyrmex Rosdszewski, 1 9 9 4 : 1 6 0 . Type-spedes: Rostromyrmexpasohensis, b y original designation. ROTASTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Formicoxemni) Rotastruma Bolton, 1 9 9 1 : 8 . Type-spedes: Rotastruma recava, b y original designation. SANTSCHIELLA (Formicinae: Santschiellini) Santschiella Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 3 4 . Type-spedes: Santschiella kohli, b y m o n o t y p y . SCHIZOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Chelaner) SchizopeltaM.cArea.vty, 1 9 4 9 : 1 4 . Type-spedes: Schizopeltafdlcata, b y original designation. Schizopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Chelaner: Ettershank, 1966: 9 3 . [Chelaner j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 2 8 7 . SCROBOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Scrobopheidole Emery, 19151:190 [as subgenus of Pheidole}. Type-spedes: Pheidole scrobi]'era, b y m o n o t y p y . Scrobopheidole provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Scrobopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m oiPheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366.

Genus-Group Taxa

45

SCYPHODON (Leptanillinae: Leptanillini) ScyphodonBro.es, 1925: 9 3 . T y p e - s p e d e s : Scyphodon anomalum, by original designation. Reviews of genus: Petersen, 1968: 5 9 1 ; Baroni Urbani, 1977c: 482. SECOSTRUMA (Myrmicinae: Tetramoriini) Secostruma Bolton, 1988c: 2 6 4 . Type-spedes: Secostruma lethifera, by original designation. SELBNOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Ponera) Selenopone Wheeler, W.M. 1933g: 19. Type-spedes: Ponera selenophora, b y original designation. Selenopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ponera: Wilson, 1957b: 356. SEMONIUS (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma) Semonius Forel, 1910f: 2 1 . Type-spedes: Semonius schultzei, by m o n o t y p y . Semonius j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146. SERICOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Attini) Sericomyrmex Mayr, 1865: 8 3 . Type-spedes: Sericomyrmex opacus, by m o n o t y p y . SERRASTRXJMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Serrastruma B r o w n , 1948e: 107 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-spedes: Strumigenys simoni, by original designation. Serrastruma raised to genus: B r o w n , 1949d: 6. Revisions of genus: B r o w n , 1952e: 67; Bolton, 1983: 3 3 5 . [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] SERVIFORMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formica) Serviformica Forel, 1913i: 3 6 1 . Type-spedes: Formica fusca, by original designation. Serviformica j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (foot­ note); Francoeur, 1 9 7 3 : 34; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 106. SHUCKARDIA (junior s y n o n y m of Alaopone) Shuckardia Emery, 1895J: 703 [as subgenus of Dorylus]. Type-spedes: Dorylus atriceps, by original designa­ tion. Shuckardia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Alaopone: Emery, 1910b: 15. *SICTLOMYRMEX (Fonriitinae: *SicUomynnecini) *Sicelomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 1 1 1 . Type-spedes: * Gesomyrmex comiger, by original designation. *Sidhmyrmex: B r o w n & Carpenter, 1 9 7 9 : 4 2 3 , justified e m e n d a t i o n of spelling. SIFOLINIA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmica) Sifolinia Emery, 1 9 0 7 : 4 9 . Type-spedes: Sifolinia laurae, by m o n o t y p y . Sifolinia senior s y n o n y m of Sym­ biomyrma: Samsinak, 1964: 156. Sifolinia j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3. SIMA (junior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera) SimaRoger, 1863a: 178.Type-spedes: Simacompressa (junior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera allaborans), by m o n o t y p y . [Type-spedes n o t Eciton rufonigrum, unjustified s u b s e q u e n t designation by Emery, 1915b: 266 a n d Emery, 1921f: 22.] Sima j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Tetraponera: Smith, F. 1877b: 6 8 ; Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Ward, 1990: 4 7 0 . SIMOPELTA (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Simopelta Maim, 1 9 2 2 : 1 0 [as s u b g e n u s of Belonopelta]. Type-spedes: Belonopelta (Simopelta) jeckylli, by origi­ nal designation. Simopelta raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1935d: 8. Simopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Belonopelta: Baroni Urbani, 1975b: 2 9 6 . Simopelta revived from s y n o n y m y : Holldobler & Wilson, 1990: 1 1 . Revision of genus: Gotwald & Brown, 1967: 2 6 1 .

46

Genus-Group Taxa

SIMOPONE (Cerapachyinae: Cerapachyini) Simopone Forel, 1891b: 139. Type-spedes: Simopone grandidieri, b y m o n o t y p y . Simopone subgenus of Cerapachys: Forel, 18921:243. Simopone revived sta­ tus as g e n u s : Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 7 ; Emery, 191 Id: 15. Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1975: 3 5 . SMITH!STRUMA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Smithistruma B r o w n , 1948e: 104. Type-spedes: Strumigenys pulchella, by original designation. Re­ p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1865: 76. [Junior h o m o n y m of Cephaloxys Signoret, 1847: 294.] Smithistruma senior s y n o n y m of Platystruma, Weberistruma, a n d Wessonistruma:Brown, 1973a: 3 5 . Smithistruma senior s y n o n y m of Miccostruma: Bol­ t o n , 1983: 2 7 4 . Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n , 1953g: 3 1 ; B r o w n , 1964a: 183. Keys to Neotropical s p e d e s : B r o w n , 1953g: 112; to Nearctic s p e d e s : B r o w n , 1953g: 96; Ward, 1988: 122; to Oriental s p e d e s : B r o w n , 1953g: 125; to Afrotropical s p e d e s : B r o w n , 1953g: 130; Bolton, 1 9 8 3 : 2 7 6 . [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] SOLENOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Gauromyrmex) Solenomyrma Karavaiev, 1935a: 103. Type-spedes: Solenomyrma acanthina, by m o n o t y p y . Solenomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gauromyrmex: B r o w n , 1953c: 10. [Gauromyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: Bol­ ton, 1994:105.] SOLENOPS (junior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex) Solenops Karavaiev, 1930a: 207 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsis (Solenops) weyeri, by m o n o t y p y . Solenops j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119. SOLENOPSIS (Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) Solenopsis Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-spedes: Solenop­ sis mandibularis (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis geminata), by m o n o t y p y . Solenopsis senior s y n o n y m of Diplorhoptrum: Kempf, 1972a: 232; Bolton, 1987: 2 8 5 . Solenopsis senior s y n o n y m of Bisolenopsis, Diagyne, Euophthalma, Granisolenopsis, Labauchena, Lilidris, Oedaleocerus, Paranamyrma a n d Synsolenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134. Solenopsis senior s y n o n y m of Octella: Taylor, 1991b: 6 1 1 . Revision of N e w World s p e d e s : Creighton, 1930b: 39 (out of date); of geminata-groxrp: Trager, 1 9 9 1 : 1 4 1 . Notes o n s y n o n ­ y m y : Bolton, 1987: 2 8 5 . SOMMIMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Myrmica) Sommimyrma Menozzi, 1925d: 2 5 . Type-spedes: Sommimyrma symbiotica, by original designation. Sommimyrma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmica: B r o w n , 1973b: 184. Sommimyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3. SPALACOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex) Spalacomyrmex Emery, 1889b: 4 8 9 . Type-spedes: Spalacomyrmexfeae, by m o n o t y p y . Spalacomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex: Emery, 1890b: 4 0 . SPANIOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Spaniopone Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , 1 9 1 4 : 1 1 . Types p e d e s : Spaniopone haytiana, b y m o n o t y p y . Spaniopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g:212. SPELAEOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Erebomyrma) Spelaeomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 9. Type-spedes: Spelaeomyrmexurichi, by original designation. Spelaeomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Erebomyrma: Wil­

son, 1962a: 6 3 . [Erebomyrma j\mior s y n o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Bolton, 1994:106.] #SPHAEROCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Sphaerocrema Santschi, 1918d: 182 [as subgenus of Crematogaster). Type-spedes: Crematogaster kneri, by original designation. Sphaerocrema raised to g e n u s : Soulie, 1964: 398. Sphaerocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: Brown, 1973b: 185 (unconfirmed). Sphaerocrema h e r e reverts to subge­ n u s of Crematogaster. SPHAEROMESSOR (unavailable n a m e ) SphaeromessorBernard, 1 9 8 5 : 4 8 . [Without designa­ tion of t y p e - s p e d e s ; unavailable n a m e . ] I n d u d e d s p e d e s referable t o Messor. *SPHECOMYRMA (*Sphecomyrminae) *Sphecomyrma Wilson & B r o w n , in Wilson, Carpenter & B r o w n , 1967: 8. Type-spedes: *Sphecomyrma freyi, by original designation. SPHECOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Anomma) Sphecomyrmex Schulz, 1 9 0 6 : 1 5 4 , unjustified e m e n d a ­ tion of Sphegomyrmex. Sphecomyrmex j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Anomma: n e w s y n o n y m y . SPHEGOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Anomma) Sphegomyrmex Imhoff, 1 8 5 2 : 1 7 6 . Type-spedes: Dorylus nigricans, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Donisthorpe, 1943g: 727. Sphegomyrmex jxmiox syn­ o n y m of Anomma: Smith, F. 1858b: 112. SPHINCTOMYRMEX (Cerapachyinae: Cerapachyini) Sphinctomyrmex Mayr, 1866b: 8 9 5 . Type-spedes: Sphinctomyrmex stahli, by m o n o t y p y . Sphinctomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Aethiopopone: Bolton, 1973a: 3 4 1 . Sphinctomyrmex senior s y n o n y m oi Eusphinctus, Nothosphinctus a n d Zasphinctus, a n d revision of genus: B r o w n , 1975: 3 1 . SPINOMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex) Spinomyrma Kusnezov, 1 9 5 2 g : 4 2 9 (diagnosis in key) [as subgenus of Dorymyrmex]. Type-spedes: Dorymyrmex alboniger, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Kusnezov, 1959: 5 1 . Spinomyrma raised to genus: Kusnezov, 1959: 5 1 . Spinomyrma subgenus of Dorymyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 100. Spinomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorymyrmex: Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 9 3 . SPOROCLEPTES (junior s y n o n y m oiAneleus) Sporocleptes Arnold, 1948: 2 1 9 . Type-spedes: Sporocleptes nicotianae, by original designation. Sporocleptes j u n i o r s y n o n y m oiAneleus: Consani, 1951: 169; Arnold, 1952a: 4 6 0 . [Aneleus j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.] STEGOMYRMEX (Myrrmcinae: Stegomyrmecini) Stegomyrmex Emery, 1912b: 99. Type-spedes: Stegomyrmex connectens, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus: Diniz, 1990: 277. STEGOPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Stegopheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole (Elasmopheidole) upeneci, by m o n o t y p y . Stegopheidole provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Stegopheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1366. STENAMMA (Myrrmcinae: Stenanmiini) Stenamma Westwood, 1 8 3 9 : 2 1 9 . Type-spedes: Stenamma westwoodii, by m o n o t y p y . Stenamma senior s y n o n y m of Asemorhoptrum: Andre, 1883a: 310. Stenamma senior s y n o n y m of Theryella: Santschi, 1923a: 136. Keys to s p e d e s of N e w World: Smith,

M.R. 1957b: 133; Smith, M.R. 1962a: 38; Snelling, 1973c: 1; to species of former U.S.S.R.: A m o r d i , 1975: 1826. STENOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m oi Anochetus) Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 7 1 1 . Type-species: Myrmecia emarginata, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911 f: 173. Stenomyrmex subgenus of Anochetus: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 4 7 ; m a i n t a i n e d as sub­ g e n u s : Emery, 1911d: 110; Forel, 1917: 2 3 8 ; Kempf, 1972a: 2 1 . Revision of subgenus: Kempf, 1964f: 2 3 7 . Stenomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Anochetus: B r o w n , 1978c: 552. STENOTHORAX (junior s y n o n y m oi Adlerzia) Stenothorax McAreavey, 1949: 3. Type-species: Stenothorax katerinae (junior s y n o n y m oi Adlerzia froggatti), by original designation. Stenothorax j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Adlerzia: B r o w n , 1952a: 110. STEREOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini) Stereomyrmex Emery, 1901f: 115. Type-species: Stereomyrmex horni, by m o n o t y p y . STICTOPONERA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Stictoponera Mayr, 1887: 539 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ponera coxalis, by sub­ s e q u e n t designation of Bingham, 1903: 82. Stictoponera raised to genus: Emery, 1911 d: 4 7 . Stictoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g:211. STIGMACROS (Formicinae: Plagiolepidini) Stigmacros Forel, 1905b: 179 [as subgenus of Acantholepis]. Replacement n a m e for Acrostigma Forel, 1 9 0 2 h : 4 7 7 . [Junior h o m o n y m of *Acrostigma Emery, 1891a: 149.] Stigmacros raised t o genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 696. Stigmacros senior syn­ o n y m of Campostigmacros, Chariostigmacros, Cyrtostigmacros, Hagiostigmacros, a n d Pseudostigmacros: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 145. Revision of g e n u s : McAreavey, 1957: 7. STIGMATOMMA (junior s y n o n y m of Amblyopone) Stigmatomma Roger, 1 8 5 9 : 2 5 0 . Type-species: Stigmatomma denticulatum, by s u b s e q u e n t designa­ tion of Bingham, 1903: 36. Stigmatomma j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Amblyopone: E m e r y & Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 5 5; Mayr, 1887: 546. Stigmatomma revived from s y n o n ­ y m y : Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Emery, 1911d: 2 3 ; Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 5 ; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 1 . Stigmatomma subgenus oi Amblyopone: Clark, 1934b: 27; B r o w n , 1949c: 8 7 . Stigmatomma senior s y n o n y m of Fulakora a n d Xymmer: B r o w n , 1949c: 8 7 . Stigmatomma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone: B r o w n , 1960a: 155. *STIGMOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini?) *StigmomyrmexMayr, 1868c: 9 5 . Type-species: Stigmomyrmexvenustus, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 173. *STIPHROMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Myrmecinini?) *Stiphromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 6 7 . Type-spe­ cies: *Stigmomyrmex robustus, b y original designation. STREBLOGNATHUS (Ponerinae: Ponerini) Streblognathus Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 1 6 . Type-species: Ponera aethiopica, by m o n o t y p y . STRONGYLOGNATHUS (Myrmicinae: Tetramoriini) Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853d: 389. Type-species: Eciton testaceum, by m o n o t y p y . Replacement n a m e iorMyrmus Schenck, 1 8 5 3 : 1 8 8 . [Junior h o m o n y m of Myrmus FLahn, 1832: 81.] Revision of huberi-

g r o u p : Baroni Urbani, 1969c: 132. Review of genus: Bolton, 1976: 304. Key to fauna of former U.S.S.R.: R a d c h e n k o , 1 9 9 1 : 89. STRUMIGENYS (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Strumigenys Smith, F. 1860c: 72. Type-species: Strumigenys mandibularis, by m o n o t y p y . Strumigenys senior s y n o n y m of Labidogenys a n d Pyramica: Roger, 1863b: 40; B r o w n & Wilson, 1959b: 2 8 1 ; B r o w n , 1960b: 37. Strumigenys senior s y n o n y m of Eneria a n d Proscopomyrmex: B r o w n , 1949d: 15. Keys to Neotropical species: B r o w n , 1962c: 257; Kempf, 1976b: 4 3 ; to Afrotropical species: B r o w n , 1954k: 10; Bolton, 1983: 360; to t h e Fiji Is., Tonga a n d Samoa: DIussky, 1993: 5 3 . [Note. Baroni Urbani & De A n d r a d e , 1994: 1 2 - 1 5 , proposed t h a t Asketogenys, Chelystruma, Cladarogenys, Codiomyrmex, Codioxenus, Dorisidris, Dysedrognathus, Epitritus, Glamyromyrmex, Gymnomyrmex, Kyidris, Neostruma, Pentastruma, Quadristruma, Serrastruma, Smithistruma, Tingimyrmex a n d Trichoscapa, along w i t h all t h e previous j u n i o r s y n o n y m s of all t h e s e genera, b e included as j u n i o r s y n o n y m s of Strumigenys. I consider this action t o o e x t r e m e by far as it is based o n a grossly i n a d e q u a t e character set. In c o n s e q u e n c e their results are very insecure, a n d their p r o p o s e d s y n o n y m s are all r e v i v e d f r o m s y n ­ o n y m y here.] SULCOMYRMEX (unavailable n a m e ) Sulcomyrmex KiatochvO., 1 9 4 1 : 8 4 [as subgenus of Tetramorium]. [Without designation of type-species; unavailable n a m e . ] Included species referable to Tetramorium:Bolton, 1976: 359. SYLLOPHOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium) Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915c: 259 [as subgenus of Monomorium.] Type-species: Monomorium modestum, by m o n o t y p y . Syllophopsis raised to g e n u s : Santschi, 1921c: 119; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Ettershank, 1966: 100. Syllophopsis subgenus of Monomorium: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 676; Arnold, 1952a: 4 6 5 . Syllophopsis j u n i o r s y n o n y m oi Monomorium: Bolton, 1987: 2 8 7 . [Syllopsis Santschi, 1921c: 120, incorrect s u b s e q u e n t spelling.] SYMBIOMYRMA O'unior s y n o n y m of Sifolinia) Symbiomyrma A m o l ' d i , 1930c: 2 6 7 . Type-spedes: Sym­ biomyrma karavajevi, by m o n o t y p y . [Symbiomyrma also described as n e w by Arnol'di, 1933a: 41.] Sym­ biomyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sifolinia: Samsinak, 1964: 156. [Sifolinia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myrmica: Bolton, 1988a: 3.] SYMMYRMICA (junior s y n o n y m of Formicoxenus) Symmyrmica Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 3. Type-spedes: Symmyrmica chamberlini, by m o n o t y p y . Symmyrmica provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Symmyrmica junior s y n o n y m of Formicoxenus: Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985:347. SYMPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Sympheidole Wheeler, W.M. 1904a: 7. Type-spedes: Sympheidole elecebra, by m o n o t y p y . Sympheidole p r o ­ visional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Sympheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1365. SYNSOLENOPSIS (junior s y n o n y m of Solenopsis) Synsolenopsis Forel, 1918b: 155 [as subgenus of Solenop­ sis]. Type-spedes: Solenopsis {Synsolenopsis) bruchi

(junior primary h o m o n y m in Solenopsis, replaced by Solenopsis bruchiella), by m o n o t y p y . Synsolenopsis raised to genus, a n d k e y to s p e d e s : Kusnezov, 1953c: 3 4 1 ; m a i n t a i n e d as g e n u s : Kusnezov, 1962b: 160. Synsolenopsis j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Solenopsis: Ettershank, 1966: 134. *SYNTAJPHUS (Ponerinae: E d a t o m m i n i ) *Syntaphus Donisthorpe, 1920: 84. Type-spedes: *Syntaphus wheeleri, by original designation. SYNTERMITOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Syntermitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 169 [as subge­ n u s of Termitopone.] Type-spedes: Ponera commutata, by original designation. Syntermitopone j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Termitopone: Borgmeier, 1959a: 312. [Ter­ mitopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation.] SYSCIA (junior s y n o n y m of Cerapachys) Syscia Roger, 1861a: 19. Type-spedes: Syscia typhla, by m o n o t y p y . Syscia subgenus of Cerapachys: Wheeler, W.M. 1902d: 185; Emery, 1902c: 24. Syscia senior s y n o n y m of Cysias: Emery, 19 l i d : 10. Syscia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cerapachys: Kempf, 1972a: 76. SYSPHINGTA (junior s y n o n y m of Proceratium) Sysphingta Roger, 1863a: 175. Type-spedes: Sysphingta micrommata, by m o n o t y p y . Sysphingta j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Proceratium: Mayr, 1886d: 4 3 7 ; Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 8 . Sysphingta revived from s y n o n y m y : Emery, 1895c: 2 6 2 . Sysphingta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Proceratium: B r o w n , in Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 8 ; B r o w n , 1958g: 2 4 1 . [Sysphincta Mayr, 1865: 12 (and most subsequent authors), incorred subsequent spelling.] TALARIDRIS

(Myrmicinae: Basicerotini)

Talaridris Weber, 1941a: 184. Type-spedes: Talaridris mandibularis, by original designation. Revision of g e n u s : B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 2 4 1 . Talaridris provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Rhopalothrix: B r o w n , 1973b: 185 (unconfirmed). TAMMOTECA (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Tammoteca Santschi, 1929h: 4 7 6 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-spedes: Ectatomma concinnum, by original designation. Tammoteca j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: B r o w n , 1958g: 2 1 2 . #TANAEMYRMEX (subgenus of Camponotus) Tanaemyrmex Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Type-spedes: For­ mica longipes (junior p r i m a r y h o m o n y m in Formica, replaced by Camponotus etiolipes), by original designa­ tion. Tanaemyrmex subgenus of Camponotus, a n d senior s y n o n y m of Myrmoturba: Emery, 1925b: 7 5 . Tanaemyrmex provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: Brown, 1973b: 185 (unconfirmed). #TAPJNOLEPIS (subgenus of Anoplolepis) Tapinolepis Emery, 1925b: 18 [as subgenus of Anoplolepis]. Type-spedes: Plagiolepis tumidula, by m o n o t y p y . Tapinolepis provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Anoplolepis: B r o w n , 1973b: 185 (unconfirmed). TAPINOMA

(Dolichoderinae)

Tapinoma Foerster, 1850a: 4 3 . Type-spedes: Tapinoma collina (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma erraticum), by m o n o t y p y . Tapinoma senior s y n o n y m of Micromyrma:Mayr, 1 8 6 3 : 4 5 5 ; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 837; Shattuck, 1992c: 146. Tapinoma senior syn­ o n y m of Neoclystopsenella: B r o w n , 1988a: 337. Tapinoma senior s y n o n y m of Semonius, Tapinoptera,

Genus-Group Taxa

47

Zatapinoma, a n d review of g e n u s : Shattuck, 1992c: 146. TAPINOPTERA (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma) Tapinoptera Santschi, 1925g: 348 [as subgenus of Tapinoma]. Type-species: Tapinomavexatum, by m o n o t y p y . Tapinoptera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146. TATUIDPJS (Myrmicinae: Agroecomyrmecini) Tatuidris B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 8 : 1 8 6 . Type-species: Tatuidris tatusia, by original designation. TECHNOMYRMEX (Dolichoderinae) Technomyrmex Mayr, 1 8 7 2 : 1 4 7 . Type-species: Tech­ nomyrmex strenuus, by m o n o t y p y . Technomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Aphantolepis: B r o w n , 1953h: 5. Technomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Engramma, a n d review of genus: Shattuck, 1992c: 153. TELEUTOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Tetramoriini) Teleutomyrmex Kutter, 1950a: 82. Type-species: Teleutomyrmex schneideri, by original designation. TEMNOTHORAX (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax) Temnothorax Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 68. Type-species: Myrmica recedens, by m o n o t y p y . Temnothorax j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Forel, 1890a: lxxii. Temnothorax revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Leptothorax: Forel, 1892i: 315; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Emery, 1915g: 24; Forel, 1915d: 27; Bondroit, 1918: 117; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 679; Emery, 1922f: 2 5 9 . Temnothorax raised to g e n u s : Bernard, 1 9 6 7 : 1 8 5 . Tem­ nothorax j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 96; Bolton, 1982: 319. TERATANER (Myrmicinae: Forrmcoxenini) Terataner Emery, 1912b: 103. Type-species: Atopomyrmex foreli, by original designation. Review of g e n u s : Arnold, 1952b: 129. Terataner senior syn­ o n y m of Tranetera, a n d revision of g e n u s : Bolton, 1981b: 2 8 8 . TERATOMYRMEX (Formicinae: Lasiini) Teratomyrmex McAreavey, 1957: 54. Type-species: Teratomyrmex greavesi, by original designation. TERMITOPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Termitopone Wheeler, W.M. 1936d: 159. Type-species: Ponera laevigata, by original designation. Termitopone senior s y n o n y m of Syntermitopone: Borgmeier, 1959a: 312. Termitopone provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Termitopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in prepara­ tion. TETHEAMYRMA (Myrmicinae: Stenammini) Tetheamyrma Bolton, 1 9 9 1 : 9. Type-species: Tetheamyrma subspongia, by original designation. TETRAMORIUM (Myrmicinae: Tettamorimi) Tetramorium Mayr, 1855: 4 2 3 . Type-species: Formica caespitum, by subsequent designation of Girard, 1 8 7 9 : 1 0 1 6 . Tetramorium senior s y n o n y m of Tetrogmus:~Roger, 1862c: 2 9 7 . Tetramorium senior s y n o n y m oi Atopula, Lobomyrmex, Macromischoides, Tetrogmus, a n d Xiphomyrmex: Bolton, 1976: 359; Bol­ ton, 1 9 8 0 : 1 9 5 . Species included in Sulcomyrmex (unavailable) referable to Tetramorium. Tetramorium senior s y n o n y m of Triglyphothrix: Bolton, 1 9 8 5 : 2 4 7 . Revision of genus: Bolton, 1976: 359. Keys to spe­ cies: Bolton, 1976: 314, 341 (former Triglyphothrix species); Bolton, 1977: 67 (Oriental, Indo-Austra­ lian a n d Australasian); Bolton, 1 9 7 9 : 1 2 9 (Malagasy

48

Genus-Group Taxa

a n d N e w World); Bolton, 1980: 193 (Afrotropical); R a d c h e n k o , 1992a: 45 (formerU.S.S.R.). TETRAMYRMA (junior s y n o n y m of Leptothorax) Tetramyrma Forel, 1912m: 766 [as subgenus of Dilobocondyla]. Type-species: Dilobocondyla (Tetramyrma) braunsi, by m o n o t y p y . Tetramyrma raised to genus: Forel, 1913a: 122. Tetramyrma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Leptothorax: Bolton, 1982: 319. TETRAPONERA (Pseudomyrmecinae) Tetraponera Smith, F. 1 8 5 2 : 4 4 . Type-species: Tetraponera atrata (junior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera nigra), by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 1 7 3 . Tetraponera senior s y n o n y m of Sima: Smith, F. 1877b: 68. Tetraponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sima: Dalla Torre, 1893: 5 3 . Tetraponera subgenus of Sima: Emery, 1900d: 673; Emery, 1915b: 2 6 5 . Tetraponera senior s y n o n y m of Sima: Donisthorpe, 1916b: 244; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 105. Tetraponera senior s y n o n y m of Pachysima, Parasima, Sima, Viticicola, a n d revision of g e n u s : Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 7 0 . TETROGMUS (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium) Tetrogmus Roger, 1 8 5 7 : 1 0 . Type-species: Tetrogmus caldarius, b y m o n o t y p y . Tetrogmus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: Roger, 1862c: 297; Bolton, 1976: 359. THAUMATOMYRMEX (Ponerinae: Thaumatomyrmecini) Thaumatomyrmex Mayr, 1887: 530. Type-species: Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus, b y m o n o t y p y . Keys to species: Weber, 1942b: 65; Smith, M.R. 1944b: 97 (both o u t of date). Revisions of g e n u s : Kempf, 1975b: 95; Longino, 1988: 3 5 . THERYELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Stenamma) Theryella Santschi, 1 9 2 I d : 6 8 . Type-spedes: Theryella my ops (provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Stenamma punctiventre), b y m o n o t y p y . Theryella j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Stenamma: Santschi, 1923a: 136. [Theryella incorrectly as j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Proatta: Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 3 9 5 , i n error.] ^THLIPSEPINOTUS (subgenus of Camponotus) Thlipsepinotus Santschi, 1928e: 4 8 3 [as subgenus of Camponotus]. Type-spedes: Camponotusclaripes,by original designation. Thlipsepinotus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Camponotus: B r o w n , 1973b: 185 (unconfirmed). TINGIMYRMEX

(Myrmicinae: Dacetini)

Tingimyrmex M a n n , 1 9 2 6 : 1 0 4 [as subgenus of Strumigenys]. Type-spedes: Strumigenys (Tingimyrmex) mirabilis, by m o n o t y p y . Tingimyrmex raised t o g e n u s : B r o w n , 1948e: 1 1 1 . [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] TITUSIA (nomen nudum) Titusia Ashmead, 1905b: 382, nomen nudum. TOMOGNATHUS (junior h o m o n y m , see Harpagoxenus) Tomognathus Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 56. Type-spedes: Myrmica sublaevis, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Tomognathus Agassiz, 1850: 376 (Pisces).] Harpagoxenus Forel, 1893a: 167, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Tomognathus Mayr. TRACHYMESOPUS (junior s y n o n y m of Pseudoponera) TrachymesopusEmery, 1 9 l i d : 84 [as subgenus of Euponera]. Type-spedes: Formica stigma, by original designation. Trachymesopus raised to genus: Wilson, 1958d: 352; see also B r o w n , 1963: 6. Trachymesopus provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n ,

1973b: 185. Trachymesopus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pseudoponera: n e w s y n o n y m y . [Pseudoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in prepara­ tion.] [Trachyponera: see below.] TRACHYMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Attini) Trachymyrmex Forel, 1893e: 600 [as subgenus of Atta]. Type-spedes: Atta septentrionalis, by s u b s e q u e n t des­ ignation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 174. Trachymyrmex subgenus of Cyphomyrmex: Emery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 5 1 . Trachymyrmex raised to g e n u s : Gallardo, 1916b: 2 4 2 ; Wheeler, W.M. 1916c: 1 1 . Trachymyrmex subgenus of Acromyrmex: Forel, 1917: 2 4 7 . Trachymyrmex subgenus of Cyphomyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 344. Trachymyrmex raised to g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 669; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Borgmeier, 1950b: 384; Kempf, 1972a: 2 5 2 . TRACHYPHEIDOLE (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Trachypheidole Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Pheidole]. Type-spedes: Pheidole bicornis, by original designation. Trachypheidole provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Pheidole: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Trachypheidole j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 6 . [TRACHYPONERA (misspelling) Trachyponera Santschi, 1928a: 4 3 , i n c o r r e d sub­ s e q u e n t spelling of Trachymesopus.] TRANETERA (junior s y n o n y m of Terataner) Tranetera Arnold, 1952b: 130 [as subgenus of Terata­ ner]. Type-spedes: Terataner bottegoi, by original des­ ignation. Tranetera provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Terataner: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Tranetera j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Terataner: Bolton, 198 l b : 2 8 8 . TRANOPELTA (Myrrmcinae: Ochetomyrmecini) Tranopelta Mayr, 1866a: 512. Type-spedes: Tranopelta gilva, b y m o n o t y p y . Review of g e n u s : Ettershank, 1966: 107. TRANOPELTOIDES (junior s y n o n y m of Crematogaster) Tranopeltoides Wheeler, W.M. 1922e: 10. Type-spedes: Tranopelta huberi, b y original designation. Tranopeltoides j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster: Kempf, 1960c: 173. TRAPEZIOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m oi Myopias) Trapeziopelta Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 1 5 . Type-spedes: Ponera maligna, by m o n o t y p y . Trapeziopelta senior s y n o n y m of Bradyponera: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 6 8 . Trapeziopelta provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Trapeziopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Myopias: Willey & B r o w n , 1983: 249. TRIANGULINODA (junior s y n o n y m oi Pseudomyrmex) Triangulinoda E n z m a n n , E.V. 1944: 61 [as "branch" of Pseudomyrma]. Type-spedes: Pseudomyrma spinicola, by original designation. Triangulinoda j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Pseudomyrmex: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 6 9 . TRICHOMELOPHORUS (junior s y n o n y m oi Melophorus) Trichomelophorus Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 71 [as subge­ n u s of Melophorus]. Type-spedes: Melophorus hirsutus, by original designation. Trichomelophorus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Melophorus: B r o w n , 1955d: 4 7 4 . TRICHOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m oi Monomorium) Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1 8 6 5 : 1 9 . Type-spedes: Trichomyrmex rogeri, by m o n o t y p y . Trichomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Bolton, 1987: 2 9 6 .

TRICHOSCAPA (Myrmicinae: Dacetini) Trichoscapa Emery, 1869b: 2 4 [as subgenus of Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Trichoscapa) memhranifera, by m o n o t y p y . Trichoscapa j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Strumigenys: Dalla Torre, 1893: 145. Trichoscapa j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cephaloxys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1922f: 3 2 3 . Trichoscapa revived from s y n o n y m y : B r o w n , 1948e: 112. Review of genus: Bolton, 1983: 319. [See n o t e u n d e r Strumigenys.] TRICYTARUS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxenini?) Tricytarus Donisthorpe, 1947d: 187. Type-species: Tricytarus parviumgulatus, by original designation. TRIGLYPHOTHRIX (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium) Triglyphothrix Forel, 1890b: cvi. Type-species: Triglyphothrix walshi, by m o n o t y p y . Triglyphothrix subgenus of Tetramorium: Arnold, 1917: 3 3 3 ; m a i n ­ tained as subgenus: Arnold, 1926: 272. Triglyphothrix revived status as g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 909; Emery, 1922f: 272; m a i n t a i n e d as genus, a n d revision of g e n u s : Bolton, 1976: 310. Triglyphothrix j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: Bol­ ton, 1985: 2 4 7 . TRIGONOGASTER (junior h o m o n y m ; see Recurvidris) Trigonogaster Forel, 1890b: cviii. Type-species: Trigonogaster recurvispinosa, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Trigonogaster Guerin-Meneville, 1844b: 1149 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae).] Recurvidris Bolton, 1992: 36, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Trigonogaster Forel. TURNERIA (Dolichoderinae) Turneria Forel, 1895f: 4 1 9 . Type-species: Turneria bidentata, by m o n o t y p y . Revision of genus: Shattuck, 1 9 9 0 : 1 0 1 ; review of g e n u s : Shattuck, 1992c: 1 6 1 . TYPHLATTA (junior s y n o n y m of Aenictus) Typhlatta Smith, F. 1857a: 79. Type-species: Typhlatta laeviceps, by m o n o t y p y . Typhlatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aenictus: Forel, 1890b: ciii. Typhlatta revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Aenictus: Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 198. Typhlatta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Aenictus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 4 . TYPHLOMYRMEX (Ponerinae: Typhlomyrmecini) Typhlomyrmex Mayr, 1862: 736. Type-species: Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi, by m o n o t y p y . [Typhlomyrmex Gistel, 1856: 4 4 7 , nomen nudum; see Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 858.] Revision of genus: B r o w n , 1965c: 6 5 . #TYPHLOPONE (subgenus of Dorylus) Typhlopone Westwood, 1839: 2 1 9 . Type-species: Typhlopone fulva, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Emery, 1895J: 7 0 1 . Typhlopone senior s y n o n y m of Cosmaecetes: Smith, F. 1858b: 1 1 1 . Typhlopone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 9. Typhlopone revived from s y n o n y m y as subgenus of Dorylus: Emery, 1895j: 7 0 1 . Typhlopone provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Dorylus: B r o w n , 1973b: 185 (unconfirmed). TYPHLOTERAS (junior s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex) Typhloteras Karavaiev, 1925b: 128. Type-species: Typhloteras hamulatum, by m o n o t y p y . Typhloteras j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Centromyrmex: B r o w n , 1953c: 8. VEROMESSOR (junior s y n o n y m of Messor) Veromessor Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 3 5 [as subgenus of Novomessor]. Type-species: Aphaenogaster andrei, by subsequent designation of Emery, 192 If: 67. Ver­

omessor raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 6 1 . Revision of g e n u s : Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 354. Veromessor senior s y n o n y m of Lobognathus: B r o w n , 1949a: 4 9 . Key to species: Smith, M.R. 1956a: 36. Veromessor j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Messor: Bolton, 1982: 338. VITICICOLA (junior s y n o n y m of Tetraponera) Viticicola Wheeler, W.M. 19191: 130. Type-species: Sima tessmanni, by original designation. Viticicola provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetraponera: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Viticicola j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetraponera: Ward, 1 9 9 0 : 4 7 0 . VOLLENHOVENIA (junior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia) Vollenhovenia Dalla Torre, 1893: 6 1 , unjustified s u b ­ sequent e m e n d a t i o n of Vollenhovia. Vollenhovenia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Vollenhovia: Forel, 1893a: 166; Emery, 1922e: 163. VOLLENHOVIA (Myrmicinae: Metaponini) Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865: 2 1 . Type-species: Vollenhovia punctatostriata, by m o n o t y p y . Vollenhovia senior syn­ o n y m of *Propodomyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 5 1 . Vollenhovia senior s y n o n y m of Vollenhovenia: Forel, 1893a: 166. Vollenhovia senior s y n o n y m of Dorothea, Dyomorium, a n d Heteromyrmex, a n d review of genus: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 4 6 . Vollenhovia senior s y n o n y m of Aratromyrmex: Baroni Urbani, 1980a: 96. Vollenhovia senior s y n o n y m of Gauromyrmex (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s Acalama a n d Solenomyrma): Bol­ ton, 1994: 105. VOMBISIDRIS (Myrmicinae: Formicoxeruni) Vombisidris Bolton, 1 9 9 1 : 1 . Type-species: Vombisidris philax, by original designation. Key to species: Bol­ ton, 1 9 9 1 : 2 . WADEURA (junior s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla) Wadeura Weber, 1939a: 102. Type-species: Wadeura guianensis, by original designation. Wadeura provi­ sional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Wadeura j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in preparation. WASMANNIA (Myrmicinae: Blepharidattini) Wasmannia Forel, 1893g: 3 8 3 . Type-species: Tetramor­ ium auropunctatum, b y s u b s e q u e n t designation of Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 174. Wasmannia senior syn­ o n y m of Hercynia: B r o w n , 1948d: 102. Wasmannia provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Ochetomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Wasmannia valid genus: Kempf, 1975c: 357; Snelling, 1 9 8 1 : 3 9 8 . WEBERIDRIS (junior s y n o n y m of Cafyptomyrmex) Weberidris Donisthorpe, 1949a: 2 8 1 . Type-species: Weberidris rufobrunnea (junior s y n o n y m of Cafyptomyrmex beccarii), by original designation. Weberidris j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cafyptomyrmex: Donisthorpe, 1949f: 186; B r o w n , 1949f: 84. WEBERISTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Smithistruma) WeberistrumaBrown, 1948e: 106 [as s u b g e n u s of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) leptothrix, by original designation. Weberistruma raised to g e n u s : B r o w n , 1949d: 7. Weberistruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Smithistruma: B r o w n , 1973a: 3 5 . WESSONISTRUMA (junior s y n o n y m of Smithistruma) Wessonistruma B r o w n , 1948e: 106 [as s u b g e n u s of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys pergandei, by original designation. Review of subgenus: B r o w n , 1953g: 50. Wessonistruma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Smithistruma: B r o w n , 1973a: 3 5 .

WHEELERIA (junior h o m o n y m ; see Wheeleriella) Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 1 7 1 . Type-species: Wheeleria santschii, by m o n o t y p y . [Junior h o m o n y m of Wheeleria Tutt, 1905: 37 (Lepidoptera).] Wheeleriella Forel, 1907f: 145, r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for Wheeleria Forel. WHEELERIELLA (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium) Wheeleriella Forel, 1907f: 145. Replacement n a m e for Wheeleria Forel, 1905b: 1 7 1 . [Junior h o m o n y m of Wheeleria Tutt, 1905: 37.] Wheeleriella j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Bolton, 1987:291. WHEELERIMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Megalomyrmex) Wheelerimyrmex M a n n , 1 9 2 2 : 2 9 [as subgenus of Megalomyrmex). Type-species: Megalomyrmexsilvestrii, by original designation. Wheelerimyrmex j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Megalomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 101. WHEELERIPONE (junior s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys) Wheeleripone M a n n , 1919: 2 8 2 . Type-species: Wheeleripone albiclava, by original designation. Wheeleripone j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1 9 5 8 g : 2 1 2 . WILLOWSIELLA (Myrrnicinae: Formicoxenini) Willowsiella Wheeler, W.M. 1934a: 174. Type-species: Willowsiella dispar, by original designation. WOITKOWSKIA (junior s y n o n y m of Neivamyrmex) Woitkowskia E n z m a n n , E.V. 1 9 5 2 : 4 4 3 . Type-species: Woitkowskia connectens (junior s y n o n y m of Neivamyrmex walkeri), by original designation. Woitkowskia j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1955b: 2 7 7 . XENHYBOMA (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium) Xenhyboma Santschi, 1919g: 4 0 5 . Type-species: Xenhyboma mystes (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium medinae), b y m o n o t y p y . Xenhyboma provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82. Xenhyboma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Espadaler, 1982b: 112; Bolton, 1987: 2 9 3 . XENOAPHAENOGASTER (junior s y n o n y m of Pheidole) Xenoaphaenogaster Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 50. Type-spe­ cies: Xenoaphaenogaster inquilina (provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole palliduld), by original designa­ tion. Xenoaphaenogaster provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Monomorium: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Xenoaphaenogaster j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pheidole: Bol­ ton, 1987: 2 9 1 . XENOMETRA (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla) Xenometra Emery, 1917a: 9 6 . Type-species: Xenometra monillcornis (junior s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla emeryi), by m o n o t y p y . Xenometra j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cardiocondyla: Baroni Urbani, 1973: 199. XENOMYRMEX (Myrmicinae: Metaponini?) Xenomyrmex Forel, 1885a: 369. Type-species: Xenomyrmex stollii, by m o n o t y p y . Xenomyrmex senior s y n o n y m of Myrmednella, a n d revision of genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1931a: 129. Key to species: Creighton, 1957c: 6. Review of genus: Ettershank, 1966: 150. XEROMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Monomorium) Xeromyrmex Emery, 1915i: 190 [as subgenus of Monomorium). Type-species: Formicasalomonis, by original designation. Xeromyrmex jxmior s y n o n y m of Monomorium: Ettershank, 1966: 82; Bolton, 1987: 294.

Genus-Group Taxa

49

aXIPHOCREMA (subgenus of Crematogaster) Xiphocrema Forel, 1913k: 80 [as subgenus of Crematogaster). Type-species: Crematogaster tetracantha, b y subsequent designation of Emery, 1922e: 138. Xiphocrema raised to genus: Soulie, 1964: 398. Xiphocrema provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Crematogaster:Brown, 1973b: 185 (unconfirmed). Xiphocrema h e r e reverts to subgenus of Crematogaster. XIPHOMYRMEX (junior s y n o n y m of Tetramorium) Xiphomyrmex Forel, 1887: 385 [as subgenus of Tetramorium). Type-species: Tetramorium (Xiphomyrmex) kelleri, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 175. Xiphomyrmex raised to genus:Emery, 1896e: 183 (in key). Xiphomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: Bingham, 1903: 175. Xiphomyrmex revived from s y n o n y m y as subge­ n u s of Tetramorium: Arnold, 1917: 345; m a i n t a i n e d as subgenus: Arnold, 1926: 2 7 7 . Xiphomyrmex raised to g e n u s : Forel, 1 9 1 7 : 2 4 5 ; m a i n t a i n e d as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 193; Emery, 1922f: 2 8 6 . Xiphomyrmex j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tetramorium: Bol­ ton, 1976: 359; Bolton, 1980: 195. XIPHOPELTA (junior s y n o n y m of Mesoponera) Xiphopelta Fortl, 1913a: 108 [as subgenus of Ponera]. Type-species: Ponera (Xiphopelta) arnoldi, by monotypy. Xiphopelta subgenus of Euponera: Forel,

50

Genus-Group Taxa

1 9 1 7 : 2 3 7 . Xiphopelta j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Mesoponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 7 7 5 . {Mesoponera j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Pachycondyla: B r o w n , in prepara­ tion.] [Hiphopelta: see above.] XYMMER (junior s y n o n y m of Stigmatomma) Xymmer Santschi, 1914d: 311 [as subgenus of Stigmatomma]. Type-species: Stigmatomma (Xymmer) muticum, by m o n o t y p y . Xymmer raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 6 4 1 . Xymmer subgenus of Amblyopone: Clark, 1934b: 2 7 . Xymmer j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Stigmatomma: B r o w n , 1949c: 8 7 . [Stigmatomma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 155.] YAVNELLA (Leptanillinae: Leptanillini) Yavnella Kugler, J. 1987: 52. Type-species: Yavnella argamani, by original designation. ZACRYPTOCERUS (Myrmicinae: Cephalotini) Zacryptocerus Wheeler, W.M. 191 If: 175 (see also foot­ n o t e ) . Type-species: Cryptocerus clypeatus, by original designation. [Zacryptocerus Ashmead, 1905b: 384, nomen nudum. (Based o n a n o n - e x i s t e n t type-spe­ cies: Cryptocerus multistrigus, nomen nudum, attrib­ uted to Smith, F.).] Revision of g e n u s : Kempf, 1 9 5 1 : 134. Zacryptocerus senior s y n o n y m of Hypocryptocerus a n d Paracryptocerus (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m s

Cyathomyrmex, Cyathocephalus ( h o m o n y m ) a n d Harnedia): Kempf, 1 9 7 3 c 4 6 0 . ZASPHINCTUS (junior s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex) Zasphinctus Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 219 [as subgenus of Eusphinctus]. Type-species: Sphinctomyrmextumeri, by m o n o t y p y . Zasphinctus provisional j u n i o r syn­ o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex: B r o w n , 1973b: 185. Zasphinctus j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1975:31. ZATAPINOMA (junior s y n o n y m of Tapinoma) Zatapinoma Wheeler, W.M. 1928a: 20. Type-species: Zatapinoma annandalei, by original designation. Zatapinoma j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Tapinoma: Shattuck, 1992c: 146. #ZEALLEYELLA (subgenus of Anoplolepis) Zealleyella Arnold, 1922: 579 (diagnosis in key) [as subgenus of Plagiolepis]. Type-species: Formica custodiens, by s u b s e q u e n t designation of Santschi, 1926a: 14. Zealleyella subgenus of Anoplolepis: Santschi, 1926a: 14. Zealleyella provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of Anoplolepis: B r o w n , 1973b: 185 (unconfirmed). *ZHERICHINIUS (Donchoderinae) *Zherichinius DIussky, 1988: 57. Type-species: *Zherichinius horribilis, by original designation.

Catalogue of Species-Group Taxa

Names in the genus-group Names in the genus-group are listed in alphabetical order throughout, whatever their current status. For data on genus-group names, refer to the catalogue of genus-group taxa. Typography of genus-group names used here is as follows: 1. Genus-group names which are currently regarded as valid genera are listed in BOLD ITALIC CAPITALS and are followed by parenthe­ ses indicating the global distribution of each. Valid names of subgenus rank are prefixed by the symbol #. Species-group names contained wiliiin each genus follow immediately in alphabetical order; see notes below. 2. Genus-group names which are junior synonyms, junior homo­ nyms, or any other category are listed in ITALIC CAPITALS and are followed b y : "see under ," plus the name in BOLD ITALIC CAPI­ TALS of the currently valid genus where their included species-group names can be found. For example, the entry for Triglyphothrix, a junior synonym of Tetramorium, reads "TRIGLYPHOTHRIX: see under TETRAMORIUM/' indicating that taxa originally described under the former name can be found under the latter.

N a m e s in t h e species-group Every published name in the species-group, regardless of its rank and status, has its own entry and is cross-referred within the catalogue where necessary. As in previous sections serious misspellings of names, which may cause confusion, are listed, but simple and obvious typographical errors are omitted. The object of this catalogue is to be functional and useful, not to provide an inflated list of typographical errors for ant names. The following notes indicate the standardised system used throughout the catalogue. 1. Taxa within each currently recognised genus are listed alphabeti­ cally, regardless of their current status. Fossil forms are preceded by *. The incorrect appearance of diacritical marks, hyphens, capital letters, etc., in original descriptions of species-group names are corrected here in accordance with the rules of the International Code of Zoological No­

menclature (Third Edition, 1985), regardless of h o w the name first appeared in print. 2. Names with the current rank of species or subspecies are in bold italic lower case; the two are distinguished by the symbol #, which precedes all current subspecies-rank names. All other entries (junior synonyms, junior homonyms, unavailable names, etc.) are in italic lower case; see note 5, below. 3. Each name entered is immediately followed by its full original combination together with name(s) of author(s), bibliographical ref­ erence, sex or caste of material included in the original description (abbreviated in parentheses), and the name of the territory containing the type-locality (in CAPITALS). Abbreviations denoting material mentioned in descriptions are as follows: (s.) = soldier caste or major worker, w h e n appropriate; (w.) = worker; (q.) = queen; (m.) = male; (1.) = larva; (k.) = karyotype. Details of type-locality are omitted, primarily because they can be obtained by reference to the original publication, and secondarily to economise on space. 4. Immediately following the basic data outlined above is the fol­ lowing supplementary information, w h e n available: i. References to later descriptions of sexes, castes, etc., not covered by the original description. ii. References to changes in genus-group combination of the species-group name, introduced by "Combination in: ." iii. References to changes in rank of the species-group name. iv. References to synonymy and/or homonymy of the speciesgroup name, whether junior or senior. v. References to other literature for consultation, introduced by "See also: ." vi. List of subspecies-rank names currently attached to a speciesrank name, introduced by "Current subspecies: nominal plus ," and followed by a list of their names which can be referred to under their individual headings. vii. A name originally described in one genus but subsequently transferred to another, either because the original combination was incorrect or because of genus-level synonymy, is listed under its original combination but is followed by "; see under ." This is followed by the

currently recognised genus-level combination where full information may be found. For example in Acromyrmex the entry for tucumana reads: "tucumana Forel, 1914; see under TRACHYMYRMEX." Where a name was originally described in a genus n o w synonymised but later transferred elsewhere, the genus of the original combination is quoted in square brackets. Thus in Atta the entry for malabarica reads: "malabarica Jerdon, 1851 [Oecodoma]; see under PHEIDOLE." This shows that the original combination was in Oecodoma, that the genus Oecodoma is n o w recognised as a junior synonym of Atta, but that the particular species 0. malabarica should be sought under Pheidole. In species whose names occur many times in the literature only critical references in categories ii-iv are recorded. The reason for this is that a complete list would be very repetitive and to a large extent sterile and uninformative. For example, a common name treated as a subspecies by one author throughout his life, but as a species by another, would show dozens of pointless entries in category iii. Similarly, frequent alternations of generic combination would produce a plethora of information-free entries in category ii. viii. Some entries in categories i-iv above may show numerous references in certain taxa. In such cases the first reference is always the earliest to any particular event. Later references indicate confirmation or continuity of the decision indicated by the earliest reference. 5. All names other than those currently valid at species rank or subspecies rank are in italic lower case. i. Old terms for ranks treated here as available names with the rank of subspecies (subsp.) include stirps (st.), race (r.), and variety (var.); the last only w h e n applied directly to a name of species rank in an original description. The terms used in the original descriptions are reproduced in the catalogue, and their equivalence to subspecies must be borne in mind. Although subspecies are listed in the catalogue, the reader should be aware that I am categorically opposed to the use of this taxonomic rank. Such names appear here only because time is not available to ascertain their real value. The uselessness of the subspecies rank was demonstrated by Wilson & Brown (1953: 97), and most serious myrmecologists immediately accepted the logic of their arguement. Unfortunately the taxonomic literature remains clogged with the infraspecific descriptive excesses of earlier authors, and even a few recent authors adhere to the sorry practice of creating subspecies. ii. Variety names appended to any name of subspecies rank are infrasubspecific and hence taxonomically unavailable, unless made available by action of some later author. In such instances the name becomes available under the authorship and date of the later author, in accordance with the ICZN rules. Such names are entered in the catalogue under their first available usage; the reference to the unavailable original then follows the first available use in square brackets.

52

Species-Group Taxa

Permanantly unavailable names are stated as such. Where an earlier author has referred an unavailable name to the synonymy of an available name, an incorrect procedure as unavailable names have no status, the phrase "Unavailable name; material referred to ," followed by available name plus reference(s), is utilised. References to unavailable names, other than their original appearances, are ignored. Similarly, references to originally available names in an unavailable subsequent context, are ignored. For instance, the imaginary taxon X-us x-us subsp. y-us is available. A later reference in the unavailable form X-us x-us subsp. z-us var. y-us is ignored. 6. Newly detected junior homonyms in the species-group, primary or secondary, are treated in one of several ways. i. In genera whose species-level taxonomy is comprehensively understood, or which have been recently revised, replacement names for newly detected junior homonyms at species rank are proposed. ii. Junior homonyms at species rank in genera whose specieslevel taxonomy is not well understood are replaced only if there is minimal chance of later synonymy of the junior homonym and its replacement name, and only if the species in question has no complement of infraspecific taxa. If infraspecific taxa are present, revisionary work may show one of these to be available as a replacement name, which would make redundant any n e w name proposed here. Conversely, if subsequent taxonomic studies remove the infraspecific taxa from association with the species in question, proposal of a replacement name will become necessary at that time. iii. Replacement names are not proposed for junior homonyms currently of infraspecific rank. Most infraspecific taxa turn out to be junior synonyms for which, if homonymous, replacement names are unnecessary (see iv, below). If on revision any homonymous infraspecific name is raised to the rank of species, then a replacement name can be proposed at that time. iv. Replacement names are not proposed for junior homonyms that are currently also junior synonyms. If the name is later revived from synonymy, then a replacement name can be proposed at that time. v. Replacement names are not proposed for junior homonyms in genera where I know that other workers are currently carrying out taxonomic studies. vi. Replacement names are not proposed for junior homonyms that are unidentifiable to genus and appear in the text as incertae sedis in any given genus. W h e n a junior homonym is detected but not replaced, for any of the above reasons, its entry in the catalogue is followed by the statement "Unresolved junior primary (or secondary) homonym."

T h e c a t a l o g u e of s p e c i e s - g r o u p t a x a ACALAMA: see u n d e r

VOLLENHOVIA.

ACAMATUS: see u n d e r

NEIVAMYRMEX.

ACANTHIDRIS: see u n d e r

RHOPALOTHRIX.

ACANTHOCLINEA: see u n d e r ACANTHOGNATHUS

DOLICHODERUS.

(Neotropical)

brevicornis. Acanthognathus brevicomis Smith, M.R. 1944c: 151 (w.q.) PANAMA. See also: B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 9 : 9 4 . lentus. Acanthognathus lentus M a n n , 1922: 34, fig. 16 (w.q.) HONDURAS. See also: B r o w n S- Kempf, 1 9 6 9 : 9 5 ; Kempf, 1975a: 4 1 2 . ocellatus. Acanthognathus ocellatus Mayr, 1887: 579 (w.) BRAZIL. M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 2 (q). See also: B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 9 : 9 5 . *poinari. *Acanthognathus poinariBaroni Urbani, in Baroni Urbani & De A n d r a d e , 1 9 9 4 : 4 1 , figs. 2 0 , 2 1 , 26, 27 (q.) DOMINICAN AMBER. rudis. Acanthognathus rudis B r o w n & Kempf, 1969: 100, figs. 1 , 2 , 4 - 1 0 (w.qjn.) BRAZIL. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1 9 6 9 : 1 1 0 (1.). See also: Dietz & B r a n d a o , 1993: 6 8 3 . stipulosus. Acanthognathus stipulosus B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 9 : 1 0 4 , fig. 3 (w.) BRAZIL. teledectus. Acanthognathus teledectus B r o w n & Kempf, 1969: 105, fig. 11 (w.) COLOMBIA. ACANTHOLEPIS: see u n d e r ACANTHOMYOPS

LEPISIOTA.

(Nearctic)

arizonicus. Lasius (Acanthomyops) interjectus subsp. arizonicus Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 532 (w.) U.S.A. Wing, 1968: 90 (q.m.). Combination in Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 1 . Raised to spe­ cies: B u r e n , 1950: 184. See also: Wing, 1968: 90. bureni. Acanthomyops bureniWmg, 1 5 9 - 1 6 7 (w.q.m.) U . S A .

1 9 6 8 : 1 3 5 , figs.

californicus. Lasius (Acanthomyops) interjectus subsp. califomicus Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 531 (w.q.) U.S.A. Wing, 1968: 85 (m.). Combination in Acanthomyops, a n d subspecies of claviger: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 0 . Raised to species: B u r e n , 1 9 5 0 : 1 8 5 . See also: Wing, 1968:85. capitatus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927; see u n d e r LASIUS. claviger. Formica clavigera Roger, 1862a: 2 4 1 , pi. 1, fig. 13 (q.) U.S.A. Mayr, 1870b: 950 (w.m.); W h e e l e r G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 155 (1.). Combination in Acanthomyops: Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 0 0 ; in Lasius: Mayr, 1870b: 950; in Lasius (Acanthomyops): Emery, 1893i: 642; in Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1916c: 2 7 6 . Senior s y n o n y m of parvula: Wing, 1968: 67. See also: Creighton, 1950a: 4 2 9 ; Regnier & Wilson, 1968: 955; Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 4 4 0 . clavigeroides. Lasius (Acanthomyops) clavigeroides Buren, 1 9 4 2 : 4 0 6 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Subspecies of subglaber: B u r e n , 1950: 185. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of subglaber: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 3 .

colei. Acanthomyops colei Wing, 1968: 88, figs. 6 4 - 6 7 (w.m.) U.S.A. coloradensis. Lasius (Acanthomyops) interjectus subsp. coloradensis Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 532 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in Acanthomyops, a n d subspe­ cies of claviger: Creighton, 1950a: 4 2 9 . Raised t o spe­ cies: Buren, 1950: 185. See also: Wing, 1968: 7 8 . creightoni. Acanthomyops creightoniWmg, figs. 1 7 7 - 1 8 5 (w.q.m.) U.S.A.

1968:141,

edwardsi Donisthorpe, 1933; see u n d e r LASIOPHANES. flavidus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927; see u n d e r LASIUS. hingstoni Donisthorpe, 1929; see u n d e r LASIUS. interjectus. Lasius interjectus Mayr, 1866b: 888, pi. 20, fig. 3 (q.) U.S.A. Emery, 1893i: 642 (w.); Wing, 1968: 93 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 156 (1.). Combination in Lasius (Acanthomyops): Emery, 1893i: 642; Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 5 3 1 ; in Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 0 . See also: W m g , 1968: 92; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1 4 4 1 . kashmirensis Donisthorpe, 1930; see u n d e r LASHJS. kosswigi Donisthorpe, 1950; see u n d e r

PROFORMICA.

latipes. Formica latipes Walsh, 1 8 6 3 : 3 1 1 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in Lasius: Mayr, 1866b: 889; in Lasius (Acanthomyops): Emery, 1893i: 642; in Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 1 . See also: Wheeler, W.M. & McClendon, 1 9 0 3 : 1 4 9 ; Wing, 1968: 98; Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 4 4 1 . mexicanus. Lasius (Acanthomyops) interjectus subsp. mexicanus Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 55 (w.q.m.) MEX­ ICO. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 6 4 8 (1.). Combination in Acanthomyops: Wing, 1968: 146. Raised to species: B u r e n , 1 9 5 0 : 1 8 5 . murphyi. Lasius (Acanthomyops) murphii Forel, 1901e: 367 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. [Justified e m e n d a t i o n of spell­ ing to murphyi: Wheeler, W.M. 1905f: 398.] Combi­ n a t i o n in Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 1 . See also: Wing, 1 9 6 8 : 1 1 3 . negrensis Donisthorpe, 1933; see u n d e r LASIOPHANES. nigrobrunneus Donisthorpe, 1926; see u n d e r nitidus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927; see u n d e r

LASIUS. LASIUS.

occidentalis. Lasius (Acanthomyops) occidentalis Wheeler, W.M. 1909e: 83 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combina­ tion in Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 2 . See also: Wing, 1 9 6 8 : 1 4 3 .

pubescens. Lasius (Acanthomyops) pubescens Buren, 1 9 4 2 : 4 0 5 (w.q.) U.S.A. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 3 . See also: Wing, 1968: 138. rufoniger Donisthorpe, 1933; see u n d e r LASIOPHANES. subglaber. Lasius (Acanthomyops) subglaber Emery, 1893i: 642 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 155 (1.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acanthomyops, a n d senior s y n o n y m of clavigeroides: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 3 . See also: B u r e n , 1950: 185; Wing, 1968: 1 2 1 . turkmenus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927; see u n d e r LASIUS. ACANTHOMYRMEX (Oriental, Indo-Australian) basispinosus. Acanthomyrmex basispinosus Moff ett, 1986c: 67, figs. 8A, 9 - 1 4 (s.w.) SULAWESI. careoscrobis. Acanthomyrmex careoscrobis Moff ett, 1986c: 78, figs. 39A, 4 0 - 4 3 (w.) BORNEO. concavus. Acanthomyrmex concavus Moff ett, 1986c: 80, figs, 39B-C, 44-^17 (w.) BORNEO. crassispinus. Acanthomyrmex crassispina Wheeler, W.M. 1930a: 1 0 1 , fig. 2 (w.) TAIWAN. Moffett, 1986c: 69 (s.). dusun. Acanthomyrmex dusun Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 89 (s.) BORNEO. See also: Moffett, 1986c: 70. dyak. Acanthomyrmex ayafe Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 86 (s.w.) BORNEO. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ferox: Moffett, 1986c: 70. ferox. AcanthomyrmexferoxEmexy, 1 8 9 3 f : 2 4 5 (foot­ n o t e ) , pi. 6, fig. 11 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Moffett, 1986c: 72 (s.q.m.). Senior s y n o n y m of dyak: Moffett, 1986c: 70. See also: Moffett, 1985a: 165. foveolatus. Acanthomyrmexfoveolatus Moffett, 1986c: 82, figs. 39D, 4 8 - 5 0 (s.) BORNEO. kochi Emery, 1911; see u n d e r

PHEIDOLE.

laevis. Acanthomyrmex laevis Moffett, 1986c: 76, figs. 8F, 2 9 - 3 2 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. luciolae. Acanthomyrmex luciolae Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi (s.w.) SRI LANKA. [Also described as n e w by Emery, 1893f:245.] See also: Moffett, 1986c: 76. mindanao. Acanthomyrmex mindanao Moffett, 1986c: 82, figs. 39E, 5 1 - 5 6 (s.w.) PHILIPPINES. notabilis. Pheidole notabilis Smith, F. 1860b: 111, pL 1, figs. 3 , 4 (s.w.) INDONESIA (BatjanL). Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1983: 606 (1.). Combination in Acanthomyrmex: Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi. See also: Moffett, 1985a: 165; Moffett, 1986c: 86.

parvula. Lasius (Acanthomyops) parvula Smith, M.R. 1 9 3 4 b : 2 1 3 (w.) U.S.A. Combination in Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 2 . J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of claviger: Wing, 1968: 6 7 .

ACANTHOPONERA

pilicornis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927; see u n d e r LASIUS.

aurea Forel, 1913; see u n d e r HETEROPONERA. crassa. Acanthoponera crassa B r o w n , 1958g: 2 5 5 , fig. 10

plumopilosus. Lasius (Acanthomyops) plumopilosus Buren, 1 9 4 1 : 2 3 1 , fig. 1 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combina­ tion in Acanthomyops: Creighton, 1950a: 4 3 3 . See also: Wing, 1 9 6 8 : 1 3 2 .

Brown, 1968:90. goeldii. Acanthoponeragoeldii

pogonogynus. Lasius (Acanthomyops) pogonogynus B u r e n , 1 9 5 0 : 1 8 6 (w.q.) U.S.A. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acanthomyops:Y^n\g, 1 9 6 8 : 1 1 7 . [According t o Wing (1968: 117) pogonogynus is a n A. murphyiXA. latipes hybrid; t h e n a m e is not, however, formally synonymised.]

(Neotropical)

(w.) ECUADOR. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of minor: Kempf & Forel, 1912c: 34 (w.)

BRAZIL. goyana. Acanthoponera goeldii subsp. goyana Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 1 8 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of mucronata: B r o w n , 1958g: 194. imbellis Emery, 1895; see u n d e r

HETEROPONERA.

kirki Wheeler, W.M. 1923; see u n d e r HETEROPONERA.

Species-Group Taxa

53

ACANTHOPONERA

(continued)

leae Wheeler, W.M. 1923; see u n d e r HETEROPONERA. minor. Ectatomma (Acanthoponera) mucronatum var. minor Forel, 1899c: 9 (w.) MEXICO. [Acanthoponera minor Emery, 1896g: 3 3 . Nomen nudum, attributed to Forel.] Combination in Acanthoponera: Emery, 191 Id: 36. Raised to species, a n d senior s y n o n y m of schwarziand spininodis:Brown, 1958g: 194. Senior s y n o n y m of crassa: Kempf & B r o w n , 1 9 6 8 : 9 0 .

ramosmexiae. Acanthostichus ramosmexiae Bruch, 1924b: 260, fig. (w.) ARGENTINA. Bruch, 1925a: 110 (m.l.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of brevicornis: Kusnezov, 1962a: 130. sanchezorum. Acanthostichus sanchezorum MacKay, 1985: 128, figs. 1-5 (w.) COLOMBIA. serratulus. Typhlopone sen alula Smith, F. 1858b: 111 (w.) BRAZIL. Mayr, 1887: 551 (m.); Emery, 1899c: 6 (L). Combination in Acanthostichus: Mayr, 1887: 549. See also: Gallardo, 1918b: 9. skwarrae. Acanthostichus skwarrae Wheeler, W.M.

mucronata. Ponera mucronata Roger, 1 8 6 0 : 2 9 9 (q.) BRAZIL.Mayr, 1862: 733 (w.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Ectatomma (Acanthoponera): Mayr, 1862: 7 3 3 ; in Acanthoponera: Emery, 191 Id: 36. Senior s y n o n y m of goyana, plaumanni a n d wagneri: B r o w n , 19 58g: 194.

1934g: 161 (w.) MEXICO. texanus. Acanthostichus texanus Forel, 1904d: 168 (q.)

nigra Clark, 1930; see u n d e r

townsendi. Ctenopyga townsendi Ashmead, 1906: 29, fig. 4 (q.m.) MEXICO. Combination in Acanthostichus (Ctenopyga): Emery, 191 Id: 14. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of texanus: Smith, M.R. 1955a: 4 9 .

HETEROPONERA.

occidentalis Clark, 1926; see u n d e r HETEROPONERA. peruviana. Acanthoponera peruviana B r o w n , 1958g: 254, figs. 6,7 (w.) PERU. plaumanni. Acanthoponera plaumanni Donisthorpe, 1938a: 140 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of mucronata: B r o w n , 1958g: 194. reichenspergeri Santschi, 1929; see u n d e r GNAMPTOGENYS. scabra Wheeler, W.M. 1923; see u n d e r HETEROPONERA. schwarzi. Acanthoponera goeldii subsp. schwarzi Wheeler, W.M. 1923e: 188, fig. 5 (w.) GUATEMALA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of minor: B r o w n , 1958g: 194. schwebeli Luederwaldt, 1918; see u n d e r HETEROPONERA. spininodis. Acanthoponera (Acanthoponera) spininodis Weber, 1939a: 97, fig. 2 (w.) TRINIDAD. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of minor: B r o w n , 1958g: 194. wagneri. Acanthoponera mucronata var. wagneri Santschi, 1921g: 8 4 (w.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of mucronata: B r o w n , 1958g: 194. ACANTHOSTICHUS

(Neotropical, s o u t h e r n Nearctic)

afflictus Gallardo, 1919; see u n d e r N O M A M Y R M E X brevicornis. Acanthostichus brevicornis Emery, 1894c: 142 (w.) FRENCH GUIANA. Senior s y n o n y m of ramosmexiae: Kusnezov, 1962a: 130. femoralis. Acanthostichus femoralis Kusnezov, 1962a: 126, figs. 2, 3 (w.) ARGENTINA. fuscipennis. Acanthostichus fuscipennis Emery, 1895j: 752, pi. 17, fig. 13 (m.) BRAZIL. kirbyi. Acanthostichus kirbyi Emery, 1895j: 7 5 1 , fig. OO.B (w.) PARAGUAY. laticornis. Acanthostichus laticornis Forel, 1908c: 345 (w.) PARAGUAY. Santschi, 1933e: 106 (m.). Senior s y n o n y m of obscuridens: Kusnezov, 1962a: 1 3 1 . niger. Acanthostichus serratulus var. niger Santschi, 1933e: 105 (q.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of serratulus: Kusnezov, 1962a: 132. Revived from syn­ o n y m y and raised to species: B r o w n , 1975: 42. obscuridens. Acanthostichus laticornis var. obscuridens Santschi, 1934c: 23 (w.) ARGENTINA. Bruch, 1934a: 4 (q.m.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of laticornis: Kusnezov, 1962a: 1 3 1 . quadratus. Acanthostichus quadrants Emery, 1895J: 750, fig. OO.A; pi. 16, figs. 5, 6; pi. 17, fig. 12 (w.q.) BOLIVIA.

54

Species-Group Taxa

U.S.A. Combination in Acanthostichus (Ctenopyga): Emery, 191 I d : 14; in Ctenopyga:Brown,

1975:42.

Senior s y n o n y m of townsendi: Smith, M.R. 1955a: 49.

ACHANTILEPIS: see u n d e r ACIDOMYRMEX: see u n d e r ACROCOELIA: see u n d e r

LEPISIOTA. RHOPTROMYRMEX. CREMATOGASTER.

ACROMYRMEX (Neotropical, s o u t h e r n Nearctic) affinis. Acromyrmex aspersus var. affinis Santschi, 1925a: 369 (w.) BRAZIL. Stirps of aspersus: Santschi, 1925d: 2 4 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of aspersus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 132. tiajax.Atta (Acromyrmex) emilii var. fl/ax Forel, 1909b: 58 (w.) "GUINEA" (in error; in text Forel states "probablement d u Bresil"). Variety of hystrix: Santschi, 1925a: 358. ambiguus. Atta (Acromyrmex) lundi var. ambigua Emery, 1888c: 358 (w.) BRAZIL. Gometal, 1983: 365 (k.). Combination in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 2 1 6 . Raised to species: Emery, 1905c: 50. Senior s y n o n y m of erectus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 3 1 . #andicola. Acromyrmex moelleri subsp. andicola Emery, 1922f: 349 (w.) ECUADOR. [First available use of Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri St. modesta var. andicola Emery, 1905c: 4 5 ; unavailable n a m e . ] Subspecies of coronatus: Santschi, 1925a: 366; Santschi, 1925d: 239; Kempf, 1972a: 1 1 . angustata. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri subsp. panamensis var.angustata Forel, 1 9 0 8 b : 4 1 (w.q.) COSTARICA. Unavailable n a m e . aspersus. Oecodoma aspersa Smith, F. 1858b: 185, pi. 10, fig. 17 (q.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1905c: 49 (w.m.). Combination in Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35; mAtta (Acromyrmex): Forel, 1893e: 590; in. Acromyrmex: Gallardo, 1916d: 3 2 8 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of octospinosa:Forel, 1893e: 590. Revived from synon­ ymy: Emery, 1905c: 4 8 . Senior s y n o n y m of affinis, inquirens a n d mesonotalis, a n d material of t h e unavailable n a m e clarus referred h e r e : Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 3 2 . Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus fuhrmanni. atratus. Acromyrmex hispidusst. atratus Santschi, 1925a: 376 (w.q.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of crassispinus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 139.

balzani. Atta (Acromyrmex) balzaniEmery, 1890a: 67 (footnote) (w.) PARAGUAY. Combination in Atta (Moellerius): Forel, I 8 9 3 e : 589; in Acromyrmex (Moellerius): Santschi, 1916e: 389; Gallardo, 1916d: 334. Subspecies of landolti: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 124; Kempf, 1972a: 15. Revived status as species: Fowler, 1988: 284. Senior s y n o n y m of gallardoi: Santschi, 1922b: 362; of nivalis: Fowler, 1988: 284; of parens: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 124. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus multituber. bigener. Acromyrmex rugosus St. bigener Santschi, 1925d: 243 (w.q.m.) BRASJX. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rugosus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 159. biscutatus. Formica biscutata F a b r i d u s , 1775: 3 9 4 (q.) FRENCH GUIANA. Combination in Atta: Fabridus, 1 8 0 4 : 4 2 2 . Incertae sedis in Acromyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 16. #boliviensis. Atta (Acromyrmex) boliviensis Emery, 1905c: 51, fig. 19 (w.m.) BOLIVIA. Combination in Acromyrmex: Santschi, 1 9 I 6 e : 386. Subspedes of lundii: Santschi, 1916e: 386; Kempf, 1972a: 13. bonariensis. Atta (Acromyrmex) pubescens var. bonariensis Emery, 1905c: 52 (w.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 2 1 6 . Variety/stirps of lundii:Bruch, 1914: 216; Santschi, 1925a: 385. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lundii: Gallardo, 1916d: 3 3 1 ; Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 150. #bruchi. Atta (Moellerius) silvestriir. bruchiEorel, 1912e: 180 (w.) ARGENTINA. Forel, 19131: 236 (q.m.). Combination in Acromyrmex (Moellerius): Forel, 19131:236. M a i n t a i n e d as subspedes of silvestrii: Emery, 1922f: 3 5 1 ; Kempf, 1972a: 16. Hbrunneus. Atta (Acromyrmex) subterranea var. brunnea Forel, 1912e: 181 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. [First available use of Atta (Acromyrmex) coronata subsp. subterranea var. brunnea Forel, 1911c: 2 9 1 ; unavailable n a m e . ] [Unresolved j u n i o r p r i m a r y h o m o n y m of Atta brunnea Pattern, 1894: 618 ( n o w in Odontomachus).] Combination in Acromyrmex: Luederwaldt, 1918: 39. S u b s p e d e s of subterraneus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 167; Kempf, 1972a: 15. bucki. Acromyrmex bucki W a s m a n n , 1 9 3 1 : 1 0 6 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lobicomis: Goncalves, 1961: 148. #carli. Acromyrmex lundi subsp. carli Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 152 (w.) MEXICO. [First available use of Acromyrmex lundi St. pubescens var. carli Santschi, 1925a: 385; unavailable n a m e . ] chacoensis. Acromyrmex lundi st. pubescens var. chacoensis Santschi, 1916e: 387 (w.) ARGENTINA. Unavail­ able n a m e . tichisosensis. Atta (Moellerius) versicolor subsp. chisosensis Wheeler, W.M. 1907c: 705 (w.) U.S.A. Combination in Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 3 5 1 . clarus. Acromyrmex aspersus st. mesonotalis var. clarus Santschi, 1925d: 243 (w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to aspersus by Goncalves, 1961: 132. cloosae.Atta (Moellerius) landolti r. cloosae Forel, 1912e: 179 (w.) COLOMBIA. Combination in Acromyrmex (Moellerius): Emery, 1922f: 3 5 1 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of landolti: Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 8 8 . #cochlearis. Acromyrmex lobicornis var. cochlearis Santschi, 1933e: 120 (w.) ARGENTINA.

corallina. Acromyrmex lundi st. decolor var. corallina Santschi, 1919f: 51 (w.) ARGENTINA. Unavailable name. cordovana Bruch, 1921; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. coronatus. Formica coronata Fabridus, 1 8 0 4 : 4 1 3 (q.) SOUTH AMERICA. Forel, 1885a: 356 (w.). Combi­ n a t i o n in Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35; in Atta (Acromyrmex): Forel, 1885a: 355; in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 216. Subspedes of hystrix: Forel, 1885a: 355. Revived status as s p e d e s : Dalla Torre, 1893: 152. Senior s y n o n y m of: meinerti, modesta, moelleri a n d ochraceolus, and material of t h e unavail­ able n a m e s flavescens, medianus, obscurior a n d omatus referred h e r e : Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135. Current sub­ spedes: nominal plus andicola, globoculis, importunus, panamensis, rectispinus. crassispinus. Atta (Acromyrmex) mesonotalis var. crassispina Forel, 1909a: 257 (w.) PARAGUAY. Santschi, 1925a: 374 (q.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 349. Subspedes of mesonotalis: Forel, 1914e: 1 1 . Raised to s p e d e s : Santschi, 1925a: 374. Senior s y n o n y m of: atratus, diabolica, insularis, mediocris a n d rusticus, a n d m a t e ­ rial of t h e unavailable n a m e rufescens referred h e r e : Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 139. ttcubanus. Acromyrmex octospinosus subsp. cubanus Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 74 (s.) CUBA. #decolor. Atta (Acromyrmex) pubescens subsp. decolor Emery, 1905c: 52 (w.) PARAGUAY. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex, a n d s u b s p e d e s of lundii: Bruch, 1914: 216. depressoculis. Acromyrmex subterranea var. depressoculis Forel, 19131: 237 (w.) BRAZIL. Stirps olmuticinoda: Santschi, 1925a: 3 7 1 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of muticinoda: Goncalves, 1961: 153. diabolica. Acromyrmex nigrosetosa var. diabolica Santschi, 1922b: 362 (w.) BRAZIL. Santschi, 1925d: 240 (m.). Stirps of crassispinus: Santschi, 1925a: 375. Raised to spedes: Santschi, 1925d: 240. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of crassispinus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 139. diasi. Acromyrmex (Acromyrmex) diasi Goncalves, 1983a: 4 8 5 , fig. 1 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. dimidiata. Atta (Acromyrmex) aspersa subsp. dimidiata Forel, 1911c: 292 (w.m.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 348. Stirps of dimidiata: Santschi, 1925a: 392. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of nigrosetosus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 6 . disciger. Atta discigera Mayr, 1887: 551 (w.q.m.) BRA­ ZIL. Combination in Atta (Acromyrmex): Forel, 1893e: 590; in Acromyrmex: Luederwaldt, 1918: 38. See also: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 1 . dubia. Atta (Acromyrmex) laticeps var. dubia Forel, 1908c: 350 (w.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 349. Variety of lundii: Santschi, 1925a: 3 8 5 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lundii: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 150. #echinatior. Atta (Acromyrmex) octospinosa var. echinatior Forel, 1899c: 34 (w.q.) MEXICO. Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 72 (m.). Combination in Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 350. Subspedes of octospinosus: Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 7 1 . eidmanni. Acromyrmex (Acromyrmex) subterraneus var. eidmanni Santschi, 1937f: 232, figs. 1, 6 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of molestans: Goncalves, 1961: 168.

#ekchuah. Acromyrmex octospinosus subsp. ekchuah Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 73 (s.) MEXICO. emilii.Atta (Acromyrmex) emilii Forel, 1904c: 32 (w.) BRAZIL. Wheeler, G.C. 1 9 4 9 : 6 7 5 (1.). Combination in Acromyrmex: M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 4 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of hystrix: Santschi, 1925a: 357. erectus. Acromyrmex ambiguus var. erectus Santschi, 1925a: 384, fig. 2 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ambiguus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 131. evenkul. Acromyrmex evenkul n e w n a m e . Replace­ m e n t n a m e for Acromyrmexgallardoi Santschi, 1936d: 4 1 1 . [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of Sericomyrmex gallardoi Santschi, 1920d: 379.] t#allax. Acromyrmex hispidus var. fallax Santschi, 1925a: 377 (w.) ARGENTINA. S u b s p e d e s of hispidus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 142; Kempf, 1972a: 12. ttferrugineus. Atta (Acromyrmex) lobicomis var. ferruginea Emery, 1905c: 52 (w.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 216. flavescens. Acromyrmex coronatus st. andicola var. flavescens Santschi, 1925d: 239 (w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to coronatus by Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135. #formosus. Acromyrmex hispidus st. formosus Santschi, 1925a: 377 (w.) ARGENTINA. fracticornis. Atta (Moellerius) fracticornis Forel, 1909a: 2 5 7 (w.) PARAGUAY. Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 8 6 (m.). Com­ bination in Acromyrmex (Moellerius): Forel, 19131: 236. S u b s p e d e s of landolti, and senior s y n o n y m of jorgenseni: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 126; Kempf, 1972a: 16. Revived status as s p e d e s : Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 8 6 . #fuhrmanni. Atta (Acromyrmex) mesonotalis var. fuhrmanniForel, 1914e: 10 (w.) COLOMBIA. Com­ bination in Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 349. Variety of aspersus: Santschi, 1925a: 369. gaigei Forel, 1914; see u n d e r

TRACHYMYRMEX.

gallardoi. Sericomyrmex gallardoi Santschi, 1920d: 379 (w.) PARAGUAY. Combination in Acromyrmej:, a n d j u n i o r s y n o n y m of balzani: Santschi, 1922b: 362. gallardoi. Acromyrmex gallardoi Santschi, 1936d: 4 1 1 (w.q.m.) ARGENTINA. [Junior secondary h o m ­ o n y m of Sericomyrmex gallardoi Santschi, above.] Re­ placement n a m e : evenkul n e w n a m e . garbei. Acromyrmex laticeps st.garbei Santschi, 1925a: 381 (w.) BRAZIL. Stirps of nigrosetosus: Santschi, 1925b: 18 (also described as n e w in this publica­ tion). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of nigrosetosus: Goncalves, 1961: 146. gaudens. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) heyeri var. gaudens Santschi, 1925e: 164 (w.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of heyeri: Fowler, 1988: 287. ^globoculis. Acromyrmex coronatus subsp. globoculis Kempf, 1972a: 11 (w.) GUIANA. [First available use of Acromyrmex moelleri r. meinerti var. globoculis Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 2 9 ; unavailable n a m e . ] Weber, 1 9 3 7 : 4 0 8 guentheri. Atta (Acromyrmex) guentheriForel,

1893e:

594 (s.w.q.m.) TRINIDAD. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of octospinosus: Emery, 1894c: 220. heyeri. Atta (Moellerius) heyeri Forel, 1899c: 31 (foot­ note) (s.w.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1905c: 4 3 (q.m.); Bruch, 1 9 2 1 : 1 9 9 (q.m.); Gonirtal. 1983: 365 (k.). Combination in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 2 1 7 . Senior s y n o n y m of gaudens a n d lillensis: Fowler, 1988: 287. See also: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 2 7 .

hispidus. Acromyrmex hispidus Santschi, 1925a: 376 (w.) BOLIVIA. Zolessi 6- A b e n a n t e , 1974: 154 (q.m.); Gometal, 1983: 365 (k.). Current subspe­ d e s : n o m i n a l plus fallax, formosus. homalops. Atta (Acromyrmex) muticinoda var. homalops Emery, 1905c: 47, figs. 10, 11 (w.m.) BRAZIL. Com­ bination in Acromyrmex: Luederwaldt, 1918: 38. Sub­ s p e d e s of coronatus: Forel, 1911c: 2 9 1 ; of muticinoda: Santschi, 1925a: 370. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of muticinoda: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 5 3 . hortulanus. Acromyrmex laticeps var. hortulanus Santschi, 1925a: 381 (w.) URUGUAY. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of laticeps: Goncalves, 1961: 144. hystrix. Formica hystrix Latreille, 1802c: 230, pi. 10, fig. 61 (w.) FRENCH GUIANA. Emery, 1888c: 357 (m.). Combination in Atta: Haliday, 1836: 328;inAff« (Acromyrmex): Mayr, 1865: 83; in Acromyrmex: Santschi, 1925a: 357. Subspedes of octospinosus: Forel, 1893e: 590; Emery, 1894c: 220. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of octospinosus: Emery, 1922f: 350. Revived from synonymy, revived status as spedes, and senior s y n o n y m of emilii: Santschi, 1925a: 357. See also: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 143. Current subspedes: n o m i n a l plus ajax. ^importunus. Acromyrmex coronatus st. importunus Santschi, 1925a: 362 (w.) COSTARICA. inquirens. Atta (Acromyrmex) mesonotalis var. inquirens Forel, 1914e: 11 (w.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 349. Variety of aspersus: Santschi, 1925a: 368. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of aspersus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 132. insularis. Acromyrmex aspersus var. insularis Santschi, 1925d: 242 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of crassispinus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 139. #inti. Acromyrmex octospinosus subsp. inti Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 72 (s.) PERU. jorgenseni. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) fracticornis var. jorgenseni Forel, 19131: 236 (w.q.) ARGENTINA. Bruch, 1916: 325 (m.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of fracticornis: Goncalves, 1961: 126. laeviventris. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) striatus var. laeviventris Santschi, 1925a: 388 (w.) ARGENTINA. [First available use of Acromyrmex (Moellerius) striatus st. silvestrii var. laeviventris Santschi, 1920d: 380; unavailable n a m e . ] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of striatus: Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 9 0 . landolti. Atta (Acromyrmex) landolti Forel, 1885a: 357 (w.) COLOMBIA. Forel, 1911c: 293 (q.). Combina­ tion in Atta (Moellerius): Forel, 1893e: 589; in Acromyrmex (Moellerius): M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 3 . Senior s y n o n y m of senex: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 120; of cloosae a n d planorum: Fowler, 1988: 2 8 8 . Current subspe­ d e s : n o m i n a l plus myersi. laticeps. Atta (Acromyrmex) laticeps Emery, 1905c: 50, figs. 16, 17 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 349. Senior s y n o n y m of hortulanus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 4 . Current subspe­ d e s : n o m i n a l plus nigrosetosus. lillensis. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) heyeri var. lillensis Santschi, 1925e: 165 (w.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of heyeri: Fowler, 1988: 287. lobicomis. Atta (Acromyrmex) lobicomis Emery, 1888c: 358 (w.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1905c: 52 (q.m.). Combi­ n a t i o n in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 216. [Incor­ r e d l y recorded from Ivory Coast: Santschi, 1928f:

Species-Group Taxa

55

ACROMYREX

(continued)

209.] Senior s y n o n y m of bucki a n d rufidens: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 8 . Current s u b s p e d e s : n o m i n a l plus cochlearis, ferrugineus, pencosensis, pruinosior. lundii. Myrmica lundii Guerin-Meneville, 1838: 206 (q.m.) BRAZIL. Roger, 1863a: 2 0 1 (w.); Forel, 1885a: 356 (w.); Wheeler, G.C. 1949: 675 (1.). Com­ bination in Atta: Roger, 1863a: 200; in Atta (Acromyrmex): Forel, 1885a: 356; in Acromyrmex: Forel, 19131: 237. Senior s y n o n y m of bonariensis: Gallardo, 1916d: 331; of risii: Santschi, 1925a: 384; of dubia: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 5 0 . See also: Bruch, 1 9 2 1 : 1 9 2 . Current s u b s p e d e s : n o m i n a l plus boliviensis, carli, decolor, parallelus. pubescens. medianus. Acromyrmex coronatus st. andicola var. medianus Santschi, 1925a: 367 (w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to coronatus by Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 3 5 . mediocris. Acromyrmex diabolicus var. mediocris Santschi, 1925d: 2 4 1 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of crassispinus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 3 9 . meinerti. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri st. meinerti Forel, 1893e: 599 (q.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1905c: 45 (w.); Santschi, 1925a: 364 (w.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex: Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 2 9 . Stirps of coronatus: Santschi, 1925a: 364. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of coronatus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135. mesonotalis. Atta (Acromyrmex) mesonotalis Emery, 1905c: 4 6 , fig. 8 (w.) PERU. Combination in Acromyrmex: Luederwaldt, 1918: 3 8 . Stirps of aspersus: Santschi, 1925d: 242. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of aspersus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 3 2 . mesopotamicus. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) mesopotamicus Gallardo, 1916d: 337, fig. 3 (w.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of silvestrii: Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 9 0 . mixtus. Acromyrmex subterraneus var. mixtus Santschi, 1925a: 373 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of subterraneus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 6 4 . modesta. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri r. modesta Forel, 1901h: 49 (s.) BRAZIL. Combination in Acromyrmex: Luederwaldt, 1918: 39. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of coronatus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135. moelleri. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri Forel, 1893e: 596 (s.w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Combination i n Acromyrmex: Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 2 9 . Stirps of coronatus: Santschi, 1925a: 3 6 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of coronatus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135. #molestans. Acromyrmex subterraneus st. molestans Santschi, 1925a: 373 (w.) BRAZIL. Senior s y n o n y m of eidmanni: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 168. #multituber. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) balzani var. multituber Santschi, 1922b: 362 (w.) BOLIVIA. S y n o n y m of pampanus, a n d s u b s p e d e s of balzani: Fowler, 1988: 284. [Fowler incorrectly gives pampanus as senior synonym, b u t multituber has priority.] muticinoda. Atta (Acromyrmex) nigra r. muticinoda Forel, 1901e: 336 (w.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex: Luederwaldt, 1918: 39. Raised t o spe­ d e s : Emery, 1905c: 4 7 ; Emery, 1922f: 350. Senior s y n o n y m of depressoculis a n d homalops: Goncalves: 1 9 6 1 : 153. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of niger: Goncalves, 1967:18. Umyersi. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) balzani subsp. myersi Weber, 1 9 3 7 : 4 0 8 (w.) GUIANA. S u b s p e d e s of

56

Species-Group Taxa

landolti: Kempf, 1972a: 16. See also: Fowler, 1988: 288. navarroi. Acromyrmex rugosus var. navarroi Borgmeier, 1937b: 249 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rochai: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 6 2 . niger. Oecodoma nigra Smith, F. 1858b: 186 (q.) BRA­ ZIL. Emery, 1905c: 4 8 (w.m.). Combination in Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35; in Atta (Acromyrmex): Forel, 1893e: 590; in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 216. Senior s y n o n y m of muticinoda (and its j u n i o r syn­ o n y m s depressoculis a n d homalops): Goncalves, 1967: 18. nigripes. Acromyrmex lundi st. boliviensis var. nigripes Santschi, 1929d: 304 (w.q.) ARGENTINA. Unavail­ able n a m e . ^nigrosetosus. Atta (Acromyrmex) nigrosetosa Forel, 1908c: 350 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Santschi, 1922b: 361 (q.). Combination in Acromyrmex: M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 4 . Stirps/subspedes of laticeps: Santschi, 1925a: 382; Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 6 ; Kempf, 1972a: 12. Senior s y n o n y m of dimidiata, garbei a n d pulchella: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 6 . nivalis. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) landolti var. nivalis Santschi, 1922b: 362 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of landolti: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 120; of balzani: Fowler, 1988:284. nobilis. Acromyrmex (Acromyrmex) nobilis Santschi, 1939e: 317 (w.) BRAZIL. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1939f: 164.] See also: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 156. obscurior. Acromyrmex coronatus st. moelleri var. obscurior Santschi, 1925d: 2 4 0 (w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred t o coronatus by Goncalves, 1961:135. ochraceolus. Acromyrmex coronatus st. ochraceolus Santschi, 1925a: 365 (w.) BRAZIL. [First available use of Acromyrmex moelleri r. panamensis var. ochraceolus Forel, 1922: 97; unavailable n a m e . ] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of coronatus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 135. octospinosus. Formica octospinosa Reich, 1 7 9 3 : 1 3 2 (w.) FRENCH GUIANA. Forel, 1893e: 590 (S.q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. 1 9 4 9 : 6 7 4 (1.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986d: 4 9 6 (1.). Combination i n Atta: Emery, 1892b: 163; in Atta (Acromyrmex): Forel, 1893e: 590; in Acromyrmex: M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 4 . Senior s y n o n y m of guentheri: Emery, 1894c: 220; of pallida Crawley: Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 70. See also: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 157. Current subspedes: n o m i n a l plus cubanus, echinatior, ekchuah, inti, volcanus. #ogloblini. Acromyrmex subterraneus var. ogloblini Santschi, 1933e: 121 (w.) ARGENTINA. omatus. Acromyrmex coronatus st. ochraceolus var. omatus Santschi, 1925a: 365 (w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to coronatus by Goncalves, 1961: 135. pallida. Oecodoma pallida Smith, F. 1858b: 187 (s.) BRA­ ZIL. Combination in Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35; in Atta (Acromyrmex): Forel, 1893e: 590. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rugosus: Forel, 1893e: 590. pallida. Acromyrmex octospinosa var. pallida Crawley, 1 9 2 1 : 9 2 (s.w.) GUIANA. [Unresolved j u n i o r sec­ o n d a r y h o m o n y m of Oecodoma pallida Smith, above.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of octospinosus: Wheeler, W.M. 1937c: 70.

pampanus. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) balzani subsp. pampanus Weber, 1938b: 200 (w.q.m.) BOLIVIA. Subspedes of landolti: Kempf, 1972a: 16. S y n o n y m of multituber: Fowler, 1988: 284. [Fowler gives pampanus as senior n a m e , b u t multituber c o r r e d l y has priority.] #panamensis. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri var. panamensis Forel, 1899c: 35, pi. 1, figs. 16, 17 (w.q.) GUATE­ MALA. Combination in Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 350. S u b s p e d e s of moelleri: Forel, 1908b: 40; of coronatus: Santschi, 1925a: 360; Kempf, 1972a: 1 1 . "parallelus.

Acromyrmex lundi var. parallela Santschi,

1916e: 387 (w.) ARGENTINA. parens. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) landolti var. parens Santschi, 1925d: 239 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of balzani.-Goncalves, 1961:124. ^pencosensis. Acromyrmex lobicomis var. pencosensis Forel, 1914d: 282 (w.) ARGENTINA. S u b s p e d e s of lobicomis: Santschi, 1916e: 388. ttperuvianus. Acromyrmex (Acromyrmex) subterraneus var. peruvianus Borgmeier, 1 9 4 0 : 6 0 6 (w.m.) PERU. S u b s p e d e s of subterraneus .Kempf, 1972a: 15. planorum. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) balzani subsp. planorum Weber, 1 9 3 7 : 4 0 9 (w.) VENEZUELA. Sub­ s p e d e s of landolti: Kempf, 1972a: 16. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of landolti: Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 8 8 . ^pruinosior. Acromyrmex lobicomis var. pruinosior Santschi, 1916e: 388, fig. (w.) ARGENTINA. #pubescens. Atta (Acromyrmex) pubescens Emery, 1905c: 51, fig. 20 (w.) PARAGUAY. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex, a n d variety of lundii: Bruch, 1 9 1 4 : 2 1 6 . Subspedes of lundii: Gallardo, 1916d: 3 3 3 ; Santschi, 1 9 I 6 e : 386; Kempf, 1972a: 13. pulchella. Acromyrmex nigrosetosa st. pulchella Santschi, 1925b: 18 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of nigrosetosus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 6 . pulvereus. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) pulvereus Santschi, 1919f: 52 (w.) ARGENTINA. See also: Fowler, 1988: 289 ( w h o notes this as nomen dubium). purensis. Atta (Acromyrmex) subterranea var. purensis Forel, 1912e: 181 (w.) BRAZIL. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 350. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of subterraneus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 164. Urectispinus. Atta (Acromyrmex) moelleri subsp. rectispina Forel, 1908b: 4 1 (w.) COSTA RICA. Combination in Acromyrmex-: Emery, 1922f: 350. Stirps/subspedes of coronatus: Santschi, 1925a: 362; Kempf, 1972a: 12. risii. Atta (Acromyrmex) lundii var. risii Forel, 1908c: 350. (w.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Acromyrmex: Forel, 19131:237. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lundii: Santschi, 1925a: 384. #rochai. Atta (Acromyrmex) rugosus var. rochai Forel, 1904c: 34 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Acromyrmex: Santschi, 1925a: 379. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of aspersus: Emery, 1905c: 4 8 . Revived from s y n o n ­ y m y as variety of rugosus: Santschi, 1925a: 379. Sub­ s p e d e s of rugosus, a n d senior s y n o n y m of navarroi: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 6 2 . rufescens. Acromyrmex hispidus st. formosus var. rufescens Santschi, 1925a: 377 (w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to crassispinus by Goncalves, 1961:139. rufidens. Acromyrmex lobicomis var. rufidens Santschi, 1933e: 120 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lobicomis: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 4 8 .

rugosus. Oecodoma rugosa Smith, F. 1858b: 186 (q.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1904c: 33 (w.); Emery, 1905c: 109 (m.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Afia: Roger, 1863b: 35; in Atta (Acromyrmex): Forel, 1893e: 590; in Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 348. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of coronatus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 152; Forel, 1895b: 139. Revived from s y n o n y m y as variety of coronatus: Emery, 1905c: 49. Revived status as species: Santschi, 1925a: 378; Santschi, 1925d: 2 4 3 . Senior s y n o n y m oipatlida Smith: Forel, 1893e: 590; of bigener a n d vestitus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 5 9 . Current subspecies: noniinal plus rochai, santschii. rusticus. Acromyrmex crassispinus st. rusticus Santschi, 1925a: 375 (w.q.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of crassispinus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 3 9 . ^santschii. Atta (Acromyrmex) aspersa var. santschii Forel, 1912e: 182 (w.) COLOMBIA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acromyrmex: Emery, 1922f: 3 4 8 . Variety of rugosus: Santschi, 1925a: 379. senex. Acromyrmex (Moellerius) balzani var. senex Santschi, 1925b: 19 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of landolti: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 2 0 . silvestrii. Atta (Moellerius) silvestrii Emery, 1905c: 42 (w.) ARGENTINA. Forel, 1911c: 292 (q.m.); Santschi 1912e: 530 (q.m.). Combination in Acromyrmex (Moellerius): Forel, 19131:236. Stirps of striatus: Santschi, 1920d: 380. Revived status as spe­ cies: Emery, 1922f: 3 5 1 . Senior s y n o n y m of mesopotamicus: Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 9 0 . Current subspe­ cies: n o m i n a l plus bruchi. striatus. Atta striata Roger, 1863a: 202 (w.q.m.) URU­ GUAY. Combination in Atta (Acromyrmex): Emery, 1888c: 357; in Atta (Moellerius): Emery, 1905c: 42; in Acromyrmex: Bruch, 1914: 2 1 7 . Senior s y n o n y m of laeviventris: Fowler, 1 9 8 8 : 2 9 0 . See also: Goncalves, 1961: 129. subterraneus. Atta (Acromyrmex) subterranea Forel, 1893e: 593 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1901d: 301 (m.). Race/subspecies of coronatus: Forel, 1 9 0 I d : 3 0 1 ; Forel, 1911c: 2 9 1 ; Bruch, 1 9 1 4 : 2 1 6 . Status as spe­ cies: Emery, 1905c: 48; Forel, 1912e: 181; Luederwaldt, 1918: 39; Santschi, 1925a: 372; Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 6 4 . Senior s y n o n y m oimixtus and purensis: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 6 4 . Current subspe­ cies: n o m i n a l plus brunneus, molestans, ogloblini, peruvianus. tucumana Forel, 1914; see u n d e r

TRACHYMYRMEX.

versicolor. Atta versicolor Pergande, 1894a: 31 (w.) MEXICO. Wheeler, W.M. 1907c: 7 0 4 (q.m.). Combi­ nation in Atta (Acromyrmex): Emery, 1895c: 330; in Affa (Moellerius): Emery, 1905c: 108; in Acromyrmex (Moellerius): Emery, 1922f: 3 5 1 . See also: Fowler, 1988: 2 9 1 . Current subspecies: noniinal plus chisosensis. vestitus. Acromyrmex rugosus var. vestitus Santschi, 1925a: 380 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rugosus: Goncalves, 1 9 6 1 : 1 5 9 . #volcanus. Acromyrmex octospinosus subsp. volcanus Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 3 7 c : 7 3 (s.) COSTARICA. ACROPYGA (World tropics a n d subtropics) acutiventris. Acropyga acutiventris Roger, 1862a: 243 (w.q.) SRI LANKA. Imai, B r o w n era/. 1984: 68 (k.). Senior s y n o n y m of flava: Forel, 1894c: 4 1 8 ; of aus-

tralis: Taylor, 1992a: 58. Current subspecies: n o m i ­ n a l plus bugnioni, carinata, javana, rubescens. ambigua. Acropyga (Atopodon) ambigua Emery, 1922d: 107, fig. 1 (w.q.) N E W GUINEA. amblyops. Acropyga (Atopodon) amblyops Forel, 1915a: 34 (w.) SUMATRA. arnoldi. Acropyga (Malacomyrma) arnoldi Santschi, 1926b: 245 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. Prins, 1982: 245 (m.). Senior s y n o n y m of rhodesiana: Prins, 1982: 238. australis. Acropyga moluccana var. australis Forel, 1902h: 4 7 7 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1 9 6 8 : 2 0 9 (1.). Subspecies of acutiventris: Forel, 1911 e: 286; of moluccana: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 0 8 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of acutiventris: Taylor, 1992a: 58. baodaoensis.

Acropyga (Atopodon) baodaoensis Ter-

ayama, 1985b: 284, figs. 1-13 (w.q.m.) TAIWAN. berwicki. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) berwicki Wheeler, W.M. 1935f: 325, fig. 1 (w.) TRINIDAD. borgmeieri. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) borgmeieri Donisthorpe, 1939c: 153 (m.) GUIANA. bruchi. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) bruchi Santschi, 1929d: 308 (w.) ARGENTINA. tibugnioni. Acropyga acutiventris subsp. bugnioni Forel, 191 l i : 2 2 6 (w.q.) SRI LANKA. butteli. Acropyga (Atopodon) butteli Forel, 1912m: 772 (q.) WEST MALAYSIA. [Also described as n e w by

fuhrmanni. Rhizomyrma fuhrmanm Forel, 1914e: 12 (w.q.) COLOMBIA. Weber, 1944: 97 ( m l ) . Combi­ n a t i o n in Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 29. goeldii. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) goeldii fore), 1893g: 348 (footnote) (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Rhizomyrma: Forth 1912i: 60; in Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 2 9 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of decedens: Costa Lima, 1 9 3 1 : 7 . Revived from syn­ o n y m y : Wheeler, W.M. 1935f: 322; Weber, 1944: 9 3 . Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus columbica, tridentata. gowdeyi. Acropyga gowdeyi Gowdey, 1917: 187 UGANDA. Nomen nudum. [Note: these specimens w e r e later described as Pseudolasius gowdeyi; see there.] guianensis.

Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) guianensis Weber,

1944: 120, fig. 1 (w.) GUIANA. indistincta. Acropyga indistincta Crawley, 1923b: 178 (w.) AUSTRALIA. indosinensis. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma)

indosinensis

Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 72. Replacement n a m e for Acropyga silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 100. [Junior p r i m a r y h o m o n y m of Acropyga silvestrii Emery, 1915g:21.] inezae. Acropyga (Atopodon) inezae Forel, 1912m: 772 (w.) SUMATRA. Karavaiev, 1933a: 314 (q.m.). [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1913k: 102.] #javana. Acropyga (Acropyga) acutiventris var. javana

Forel, 1913k: 101.] ticarinata. Acropyga acutiventris var. carinata Karavaiev,

Karavaiev, 1933a: 308 (w.m.) JAVA. jiangxiensis. Acropyga (Atopodon) jiangxiensis Wang &

1933a: 310 (w.) SUMATRA. #columbica. Rhizomyrma goeldii var. columbica Forel,

W u , 1992a: 226, figs. 1-4 (w.m.) CHINA. kathrynae. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) kathrynae Weber,

1912i: 61 (w.) COLOMBIA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n

1944: 114, fig. 12 (w.) TRINIDAD. lauta. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) lauta M a n n , 1919: 365

Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 29. crassicornis. Acropyga crassicornis Emery, 1900d: 698 (footnote), fig. 13 (w.) N E W GUINEA. decedens. Brachymyrmex decedens Mayr, 1887: 521 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Combination i n Rhizomyrma: Emery, 1906c: 184; in Acropyga

(Rhizomyrma):

Emery, 1925b: 29. distinguenda. Acropyga (Atopodon) distinguenda Karavaiev, 1935a: 110, fig. 2 8 (w.q.m.) VIETNAM. dodo. Pseudolasius dodo Donisthorpe, 1946c: 782 (w.) MAURITIUS. Combination in Acropyga: n e w c o m ­ bination. donisthorpei.

Acropyga (Rhizomyrma)

donisthorpei

Weber, 1 9 4 4 : 1 1 8 , figs. 9, 20, 21 (w.) GUIANA. dubia. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) dubia Karavaiev, 1933a: 3 1 1 , fig. 3 (w.m.) SUMATRA. dubitata. Rhizomyrma dubitata Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , 1 9 1 4 : 4 7 (m.) HATTI. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 29. emeryi. Rhizomyrma emeryi Forel, 1915c: 347 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 30. epedana. Acropyga epedana Snelling, 1973a: 7, fig. 1 (w.) U.S.A. exsanguis. Rhizomyrma exsanguis Wheeler, W.M. 1909b: 2 3 8 (w.) MEXICO. Combination in Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): M a n n , 1922: 53. flava. Plagiolepis flava Mayr, 1862: 699 (q.m.) NICOBAR IS. Combination in Acropyga: Mayr, 1862: 769. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of acutiventris: Forel, 1894c: 418.

(w.q.) SOLOMON IS. major. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) major Donisthorpe, 1949c: 755 (m.) NEW GUINEA. marshalli. Rhizomyrma marshalli Crawley, 1 9 2 1 : 9 3 , fig. 2 (w.) BARBADOS. Combination in Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 30. meermohri. Atopodon meermohri Starcke, 1930: 3 7 5 , pi. 18, fig. oben (w.) INDONESIA (Palau I.). Combina­ tion i n Acropyga: n e w c o m b i n a t i o n . mesonotalis. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) mesonotalis Weber, 1944: 1 1 1 , fig. 13 (w.q.) HAITI. moluccana. Acropyga moluccana Mayr, 1879: 658 (w.) INDONESIA ( S e r a m I . ) . Karavaiev, 1933a: 310 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 137 (1.). Current subspecies: norninal plus mysolensis, occipitalis, opaca, papuana. myops. Acropyga my opsFort), 1910b: 59 (w.m.) AUS­ TRALIA. Combination in Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 30. #mysolensis. Acropyga moluccana subsp. mysolensis Forel, 191 l e : 2 8 5 (w.) INDONESIA (MysolL). nipponensis. Acropyga (Atopodon) nipponensisTtrayama, 1985b: 287, figs. 1 4 - 1 8 (w.) JAPAN. ^occipitalis. Acropyga moluccana var. occipitalis Stitz, 1912: 510, fig. 12 (w.) NEW GUINEA. oceanica. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) oceanica Emery, 1900c: 333, pi. 8, fig. 4 4 (w.q.m.) NEW GUINEA. oko. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) oko Weber, 1944: 119, fig. 16 (w.) GUIANA. #opaca. Acropyga moluccana var. opaca Stitz, 1911a: 370 (w.) N E W GUINEA. Donisthorpe, 1948g: 139 (m.).

Species-Group Taxa

57

ACROPYGA

undecema. Pseudolasius undecemus Donisthorpe, 1949c:

(continued)

756 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Acropyga: pachycera. Rhizomyrma pachycera Emery, 1906c: 182 (w.q.) PARAGUAY. Combination in Acropyga (Rhizomyrma):Emery, 1925b: 30. paleartica. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) paleartica Menozzi, 1936d: 298, fig. 17 (w.) GREECE. pallida. Bothriomyrmexpallidus Donisthorpe, 1938d: 598 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Acropyga: Shattuck, 1992c: 60. paludis. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) paludis Weber, 1944: 121, fig. 15 (w.m.) GUIANA. panamensis.

Acropyga (Rhizomyrma)

panamensis

Weber, 1944: 113, fig. 2 4 (w.) PANAMA. #papuana. Acropyga (Acropyga) moluccana subsp. papuana M a n n , 1919: 364 (w.) SOLOMON IS. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 136 (1.). paramaribensis. Acropyga paramaribensis Borgmeier, 1933c: 2 6 3 (w.q.) SURINAM. Borgmeier, 1 9 3 4 : 1 0 9 (m.); Bunzli, 1935: 519 (1.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Kempf, 1972a: 17. parvidens. Rhizomyrma parvidens Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , 1 9 1 4 : 4 6 (w.) HATTT. Combination in Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 30. pickeli. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) pickeli Borgmeier, 1927a: 287, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.) BRAZIL. Weber, 1944: 102 (m.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of decedens: Costa Lima, 1931: 7. Revived from s y n o n y m y : Borgmeier, 1932a: 2 3 8 . See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1935f: 322; Weber, 1944: 102.

n e w combination.

AENICTOGITON attenuatus.

(west a n d central Africa)

Aenictogiton elongatus var. attenuatus

Santschi, 1919c: 247, fig. 2 (m.) ZAIRE. Raised to

urichi. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) urichiVfeber,

1944:

115, figs. 2,3 (w.q.m.) TRINIDAD.

species: Santschi, 1924b: 199. bequaerti.

wheeleri. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) wheeleri M a n n , 1922: 52 (w.q.) HONDURAS.

Aenictogiton bequaerti Forel, 1913b: 314 (m.)

ZAIRE. elongatus. Aenictogiton elongatus Santschi, 1919c: 246, fig. 2 (m.) ZAIRE.

EXCURSUS S p e c i e s - r a n k t a x a of ACROPYGA, g r o u p e d b y subgenus. ttACROPYGA: acutiventris, crassicornis, indistincta, moluccana, undecema. #ATOPODON: ambigua, amblyops, baodaoensis, butteli, distinguenda, inezae, jiangxiensis, meermohri, nipponensis, termitobia. XMALACOMYRMA:

emeryi. Aenictogiton emeryi Forel, 1913b: 315 (m.) ZAIRE. fossiceps. Aenictogiton fossiceps Emery, 1901 d: 49, figs. 3,4 (m.) ZAIRE. schoutedeni.

Aenictogiton schoutedeni Santschi, 1924b:

198, fig. 2 (m.) ZAIRE. sulcatus. Aenictogiton sulcatus Santschi, 1919c: 247, fig. 2 (m.) ZAIRE.

arnoldi, dodo, silvestrii.

#RHIZOMYRMA: berwicki, borgmeieri, bruchi, decedens, donisthorpei, dubia, dubitata, emeryi, epedana, exsanguis, fuhrmanni, goeldii, guianensis, indosinen­ sis, kathrynae, lauta, major, marshalli, mesonotalis, myops, oceanica, oko, pachycera, paleartica, pallida, paludis, panamensis, paramaribensis, parvidens, pick­ eli, quadriceps, robae, rutgersi, sauteri, smithii, trinitatis. urichi, wheeleri.

*ACROSTIGMA Emery: see u n d e r ACROSTIGMA Forel: see u n d e r

PODOMYRMA. STIGMACROS.

AENICTUS

(Old World tropics a n d temperates)

abeillei. Alaopone abeillei Andre, 1886: 855 (q., n o t w.; see Emery, 190Id: 43) ALGERIA. Combination in Dorylus (Shuckardia): Emery, 1895j: 740; in Aenictus: Emery, 190 Id: 4 3 . Provisional j u n i o r s y n o n y m of atriceps: Emery, 1891b: 2. Revived from synonymy: Emery, 1895J: 740. aitkenii. Aenictus aitkenii Forel, 1901a: 475 (w.) INDIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of aratus: Wilson, 1964a: 446. alluaudi. Aenictus bottegoi var. alluaudi Santschi, 1910g: 754, fig. 10 (m.) KENYA. Raised to species: Santschi, 1924b: 2 0 3 . Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus falcifer.

quadriceps. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) quadriceps Weber, 1944: 113, fig. 5 (w.) TRINIDAD.

ADELOMYRMEX (Indo-Australian, Neotropical) biroi. Adelomyrmex biroi Emery, 1897c: 590, pi. 15,

alticola. Aenictus (Typhlatta) alticola Wheeler, W.M. &

rhodesiana. Acropyga (Malacomyrma) rhodesiana

figs. 3 5 - 3 7 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA. hirsutus. Adelomyrmex (Arctomyrmex) hirsutus M a n n ,

PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 5 . ambiguus. Aenictus ambiguus Shuckard, 1840b: 2 6 8

1 9 2 1 : 4 5 8 , fig. 21 (w.). FIJI IS. myops. Apsychomyrmex myops Wheeler, W.M. 1910a:

(m.) INDIA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 444. anceps. Aenictus bottegoi subsp. anceps Forel, 1910c: 249

Santschi, 1928f: 211 (w.) ZIMBABWE. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of arnoldi: Prins, 1982: 238. robae. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) robae Donisthorpe, 1936b: 108, figs. 1-3 (w.q.m.) COLOMBIA. rubens. Acropyga acutiventris subsp. rubens Forel, 191 l e : 286 (w) n o locality stated. [This n a m e most proba­ bly in error for rubescens.) J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rubescens: Emery, 1925b: 2 8 . #rubescens. Acropyga acutiventris var. rubescens Forel, 1894c: 4 1 8 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Senior s y n o n y m of rubens:Emery, 1925b: 2 8 . rutgersi. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) rutgersiBunzli, 1935: 464, figs. 8 - 1 1 , 12, 14-16, 18, 20, 2 4 (w.q.m.) SURI­ NAM. sauteri. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) sauteri Eore\, 1912a: 72 (w.) TAIWAN. Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 31 (q.); Santschi, 1928b: 36 (q.m.). silvestrii. Acropyga silvestrii Emery, 1915g: 2 1 , fig. 11 (w.) ETHIOPIA. Combination in Acropyga (Malacomyrma): Emery, 1922d: 109.

2 6 1 , fig. 2 (w.) GUATEMALA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955b: 29 (1.). Combination in Adelomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 18. samoanus. Adelomyrmex (Arctomyrmex) samoanus Wil­ son & Taylor, 1967: 77, fig. 62 (w.) SAMOA. silvestrii. Apsychomyrmex silvestrii Menozzi, 1931b: 270, fig.6 (w.) COSTA RICA. Combination in Adelomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 18. tristani. Apsychomyrmex tristaniMenozzi, 1931b: 269, fig. 6 (w.) COSTA RICA. Combination in Adelomyrmex: Kempf, 1972a: 18. ADETOMYRMA

(Madagascar)

ADFORMICA: see u n d e r FORMICA. ADLERZIA

(Australia)

smithii. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) smithii Forel, 1893g: 349 (q.) ANTILLES IS.

silvestrii: B r o w n , 1952a: 110. katerinae. Stenothorax katerinae McAreavey,

termitobia. Acropyga (Atopodon) termitobia Forel, 1912m: 773 (q.) WEST MALAYSIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1913k: 101.] #tridentata. Rhizomyrma goeldii var. tridentata Forel, 19121: 61 (q.m.) PANAMA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Acropyga (Rhizomyrma): Emery, 1925b: 29. trinitatis. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) trinitatis Weber, 1944: 117, figs. 7, 8, 17-19 (w.q.) TRINIDAD.

58

Species-Group Taxa

#andrieui. Aenictusfurculatus st. andrieui Santschi, 1930a: 56, figs. 1 5 - 1 7 (m.) SUDAN. annae. Aenictus annae Forel, 1911b: 194 (m.) JAVA. aratus. Aenictus aratusTorek 1900b: 74 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 265 (1.). Senior s y n o n y m of aitkenii, asiatica, levior and nesiotis, a n d material of t h e unavailable n a m e fraterculus referred h e r e : Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 6 .

arya. Aenictus arya Forel, 1901a: 472 (m.) INDIA.

7, 12, 13, 18, 24, 30, 36, 4 1 (w.) MADAGASCAR.

froggatti.

(m.) ETHIOPIA. Raised to species: Santschi, 1920d: 374.

artipus. Aenictus artipus Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 9 , fig. 60 (w.) THAILAND.

venatrix. Adetomyrma venatrix Ward, 1994: 161, figs. 1 -

silvestrii. Acropyga (Rhizomyrma) silvestriiWheeler, W.M. 1927h: 100, fig. 7 (w.) VIETNAM. [Junior pri­ m a r y h o m o n y m of silvestrii Emery, above.] Replace­ m e n t n a m e : indosinensis Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 72.

C h a p m a n , in Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 2 0 5 , fig. 5 (w.)

Monomorium (Adlerzia) froggatti Forel, 1902h:

4 4 5 (w) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1977: 583 (1.). Combination in Adlerzia: B r o w n , 1952j: 176. Senior s y n o n y m of katerinae a n d 1949: 3,

figs. 7 - 1 6 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of froggatti: Brown, 1952a: 110. silvestrii. Machomyrma silvestrii Emery, 1914b: 182, fig. 2 (s.) AUSTRALIA. Viehmeyer, 1924b: 311 (w.). Junior s y n o n y m of froggatti: B r o w n , 1952a: 110.

asantei. Aenictus asantei Campione, Novak & Gotwald, 1983: 873, 7 figs, (w.q.) GHANA. asiatica. Aenictus aratus var. asiatica Forel, 191 l h : 4 5 3 (w.) SRI LANKA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of aratus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 6 . ttashaverus. Aenictus gibbosus r. ashaverus Forel, 1913k: 22 (m.) SUMATRA. asperivalvus. Aenictus asperivalvus Santschi, 1919b: 2 3 3 (m.) IVORY COAST. #atripennis. Aenictus clavatus r. atripennis Forel, 1913k: 2 4 (m.) SUMATRA. bakeri. Aenictus bakeriMenozzi, 1925c: 4 3 9 , fig. 1 (m.) PHILIPPINES. bated. AenictusbatesiForel, 1911e: 255 (w.) NIGERIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of decolor: Gotwald & Leroux, 1980:600.

bayoni. Aenictus bayoni Menozzi, 1933a: 94, fig. 1 (m.) UGANDA. bengalensis. Typhlatta bengalensis Mayr, 1879: 669 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Aenictus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 7. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of pachycerus: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 0 . bidentatus. Aenictus bidentatus Donisthorpe, 1942e: 701 (w.) GHANA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of decolor: Gotwald 8Leroux, 1980: 600. binghami. Aenictus binghaniri Forel, 1900b: 76 (w.) BURMA. Aenictus binghami: Forel, 1901e: 382, justified e m e n d a t i o n of spelling. Senior s y n o n y m of gatesi: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 0 . biroi. Aenictus biroi Forel, 1907a: 10 (w.) SRI LANKA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 1 . boelianensis. Aenictus martini var. boelianensis Forel, 1913k: 20 (w.) SUMATRA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m oigraci& : Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 3 . bottegoi. Aenictus bottegoi Emery, 1899a: 4 9 9 (m.) ETHI­ OPIA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus noctivagus. brazzai. Aenictuseugeniivzr. brazzai Santschi, 1910c: 355 (w.) CONGO. Raised to species: Santschi, 1924b: 2 0 4 . breviceps. Aenictus fergusoni var. breviceps Forel, 1912d: 105 (w.) JAVA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of laeviceps: Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 7 . brevicornis.

Typhlatta brevicornis Mayr, 1 8 7 9 : 6 6 9 (w.)

INDIA. Imaiettf., 1 9 8 4 : 8 (k.). {Typhlatta brevicornis Smith, F. 1873: ix. Nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr.) Combination in Aenictus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 7. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 1 . #brunneus. Aenictus soudanicus var. brunnea Forel, 1913b: 313 (m.) ZAIRE. buttelreepeni. Aenictus buttelreepeni Forel, 1913k: 20, fig. F (m.) SUMATRA. buttgenbachi. Aenictus buttgenbachi Forel, 1913b: 313

cornutus. Aenictus comutus Forel, 1900b: 75 (w.) BOR­ NEO. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 7 . crucifer.AenictuscruciferSantschi, 1 9 1 4 b : 6 8 , f i g 5 (m.) KENYA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus tuberculatus. currax. Aenictus currax Emery, 1900c: 310, pi. 8, fig. 1 (w.) NEW GUINEA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 9 . decolor. Typhlatta decolor Mayr, 1879: 668 (diagnosis in key) (w.) EAST AFRICA. Gotwald & Leroux, 1980: 602 (q.). Combination in Aenictus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 7. Senior s y n o n y m of batesi a n d bidentatus: Gotwald & Leroux, 1980: 600.

fuscipennis. Aenictus fuscipennis Forel, 1913k: 24 (m.) SUMATRA. fuscovarius. Aenictus fuscovarius Gerstacker, 1 8 5 9 : 2 6 2 (m.) MOZAMBIQUE. [Also described as n e w by Gerstacker, 1862: 501.] C u r r e n t subspecies: n o m i ­ nal plus laetior, magrettii, Sagittarius. gatesi. Aenictus binghami var. gatesi Wheeler, W.M. 1927b: 42 (w.) BURMA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of binghami: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 0 .

dentatus. Aenictusaitkenivar. dentata Forel, 191 Id: 383 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Raised to species: Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 0 .

gleadowii. AenictusgleadowiiForel, INDIA.

deuqueti. Aenictus deuqueti Crawley, 1923b: 177 (w.) AUSTRALIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of turneri: B r o w n , 1952b: 1 2 3 . dlusskyi. Aenictus dlusskyi Arnol'di, 1968: 1800, fig. 1 (w.q.) ARMENIA. doryloides. Aenictus doryloides Wilson, 1964a: 460, figs. 54, 55 (w.) INDIA. elongatus. Eciton (Aenictus) fergusoni subsp. elongatus Karavaiev, 1926d: 4 2 4 , fig. 3 (w.) SRI LANKA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of gracilis: Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 3 . eugenii. Aenictus eugenii Emery, 1895h: 17, pi. 2, figs. 1-4 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Gotwald & C u n n i n g h a m Van Someren, 1 9 7 6 : 1 8 3 (q.). Senior s y n o n y m of kenyensis: Gotwald & C u n n i n g h a m - V a n Someren, 1976: 183. C u r r e n t subspecies: n o m i n a l plus caroli, henrii. exiguus. Aenictus exiguus Clark, 1934b: 2 1 , pi. 2, fig. 1 (w.) AUSTRALIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ceylonicus: Wil­ son, 1964a: 4 5 2 .

camposi. Aenictus camposi Wheeler, W.M. & C h a p m a n ,

exilis. Aenictus exilis Wilson, 1964a: 462, fig. 33 (w.) NEW GUINEA. #facetus. Aenictus clavitibia subsp. facetus Forel, 191 l b :

1925: 4 8 , pi. 1, figs. 3, 4 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 452. #caroli. Aenictus eugenii subsp. caroli Forel, 1910c: 2 4 8

196 (m.) JAVA. ttfalcifer. Aenictus alluaudi var. falcifer Santschi, 1924b: 2 0 3 , fig. 6 (m.) ZAIRE.

(m.) ZAIRE.

(w.) ETHIOPIA. certus. Aenictus certus Westwood, 1842: 79 (m.) n o locality stated ( m a y b e India, see Bingham, 1903: 10). ceylonicus. Typhlatta ceylonica Mayr, 1866a: 505 (w.) SRI LANKA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 265 (1.). Combination in Aenictus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 7. Senior s y n o n y m oiformosensis, latro, orientalis, papuanus, similis a n d turneri (and its j u n i o r syn­ o n y m s deuqueti a n d exiguus): Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 2 . chapmani. Aenictus chapmani Wilson, 1964a: 456, figs. 45, 46 (w.) NEW GUINEA. #chevalieri. Aenictus humeralis var. chevalieri Santschi, 1910g: 7 5 4 (m.) SENEGAL. clavatus. Aenictus clavatus Forel, 1901a: 4 7 1 (m.) INDIA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus atripennis, kanariensis, sundaicus. clavitibia. Aenictus clavitibia Forel, 1901a: 4 7 2 (m.) INDIA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus facetus. congolensis. Aenictus rixator var. congolensis Santschi, 191 Ig: 207 (w.) CONGO. Santschi, 1917a: 277 (q.). Raised to species: Santschi, 1917a: 277. continuus. Aenictus bengalensis var. continuus Forel, 1901a: 476 (w.) SRI LANKA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of pachycerus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 1 .

gibbosus. Aenictusgibbosus Dalla Torre, 1893: 7 (m.) SUMATRA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus ashaverus. 1901a: 4 6 9 (m.)

gracilis. Aenictus gracilis Emery, 1893e: 187, pi. 8, fig. 1 (w.) BORNEO. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1990a: 460 (1.). Senior s y n o n y m of boelianensis, elongatus a n d martini: Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 3 . grandis. Aenictusgrandis Bingham, 1903: 11, fig. 9 (m.) BURMA. greeni. Aenictusgreeni Bingham, 1903: 11 (m.) SRI LANKA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of porizonoides: Donisthorpe, 1932b: 576. #guineensis. Aenictus rotundatus st. guineensis Santschi, 1924b: 204, fig. 7 (w.) GUINEA. hamifer. Aenictus hamifer Emery, 1896i: 153, fig. (m.) KENYA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus spinosior. fthenrii. Aenictus eugenii var. henrii Santschi, 1924b: 204 (w.) ZAIRE. hilli. Aenictus hilli Clark, 1928a: 38, pi. 1, figs. 3 2 - 3 6 (m.) AUSTRALIA. hodgsoni. Aenictus fergusoni var. hodgsoni Forel, 1901a: 4 7 4 (w.) BURMA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m oi fergusoni: Wil­ son, 1964a: 4 6 2 . hottai. AenictushottaiTerayama & Yamane, 1989: 598, figs. 1, 2 (w.) SUMATRA. humeralis. Aenictus humeralis Santschi, 1910g: 752, fig. 9 (m.) SUDAN. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus chevalieri, viridans. huonicus. Aenictus huonicus Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 5 , figs.

feae. Aenictus feae Emery, 1889b: 486, pi. 10, figs. 4 - 9 (m.) BURMA.

24, 25 (w.) NEW GUINEA. icarus. Aenictus icarus Forel, 1911b: 197 (m.) JAVA.

fergusoni. Aenictus fergusoni Forel, 1901a: 4 7 3 (w.) INDIA. Senior s y n o n y m of hodgsoni, karawaiewi, montanus a n d piltzi: Wilson, 1964a: 462.

Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus incautus. idoneus. Aenictus idoneus Menozzi, 1928b: 1, figs. 1, 2

foreli. Aenictus foreli Santschi, 1919b: 2 3 4 (m.) IVORY COAST. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1920d: 369.] formosensis. Aenictus ceylonicus var. formosensis Forel, 1913f: 188 (w.) TAIWAN. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ceylonio«: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 2 . fraterculus. Aenictus (Aenictus) aratus subsp. nesiotis var. fraterculus Wheeler, W.M. & C h a p m a n , in Wheeler, W M . 1930g: 209 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to aratus by Wilson, 1964a: 446. #fumatus. Aenictus latiscapus var. fumatus Wheeler, W.M. 1927d: 1 (m.) CHINA. furculatus. Aenictus forculatus Santschi, 1919b: 2 3 3 (m.) SENEGAL. Aenictus furculatus: Santschi, 1919h: 91, justified e m e n d a t i o n of spelling. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1920d: 372. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus andrieui. furibundus. Aenictus furibundus Arnold, 1959: 335, fig. 20 (w.) ZIMBABWE.

(m.) SUMATRA. Uimpressus. Aenictus bengalensis r. impressus Forel, in Karavaiev, 1927e: 7 (w.) n o locality given (probably India). Subspecies of pachycerus: Karavaiev, 1927e: 6. Hncautus. Aenictus icarus var. incauta Forel, 191 l b : 198 (m.) JAVA. inconspicuus. Aenictus inconspicuus Westwood, 1843: 85 (m.) SOUTH AFRICA. [Also described as n e w by Westwood, 1847a: 238.] jacobsoni. JAVA.

Aenictus jacobsoni Forel, I909d: 222 (m.)

javanus. Aenictusjavanus Emery, 1896f: 245, fig. (m.) (attributed to Ritsema) JAVA. Forel, 1909d: 222 (w.). See also: Wilson, 1964a: 467. #kanariensis. Aenictus clavatus var. kanariensis Forel, 1901a: 4 6 7 (diagnosis in key) (m.) INDIA. karawaiewi. Aenictus fergusoni var. karawaiewi Wheeler, W M . & C h a p m a n , in Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 199 (diagnosis in key) (w.) n o locality given. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of fergusoni: Wilson, 1964a: 462.

Species-Group Taxa

59

AENICTUS

(continued)

kenyensis. Aenictus eugeniae var. kenyensis Santschi, 1933b: 100 (w.) KENYA. Junior synonym of eugenii: Gotwald & Cunningham-Van Someren, 1 9 7 6 : 1 8 3 . #laetior. Aenictus fuscovarius var. laetior Forel, 1910c: 249 (m.) ETHIOPIA. laeviceps. Typhlatta laeviceps Smith, F. 1857a: 79 (w.) BORNEO. Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 2 0 0 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984:265 (1.). Combinationin Aenictus: Forel, 1890b: ciii. Senior synonym of breviceps, smythiesii and sundaica:Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 7 . latifemoratus. Aenictus latifemoratus Terayama & Yamane, 1989: 600, figs. 3 - 6 (w.) SUMATRA. latiscapus. Aenictus latiscapus Forel, 1901a: 471 (m.) INDIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus fumatus, sauteri. latro. Aenictus ceylonicus var. latro Forel, 1901a: 4 7 7 (w.) INDIA. Junior synonym of ceylonicus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 2 . leliepvrei. Aenictus leliepvrei Bernard, 1953a: 134, fig. 1 (m.) ALGERIA. levior. Eciton (Aenictus) impressus var. levior Karavaiev, 1926d: 4 2 5 (w.) INDONESIA (Buru I.). Junior syn­ o n y m of aratus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 6 . tifuiae. Aenictus lifuiae Terayama, 1984: 13, figs. 1-13 (w.m.) TAIWAN. longi. Aenictus longiForel, 1901a: 4 7 0 (m.) INDIA. Cur­ rent subspecies: nominal plus taivanae. luteus. Aenictus luteus Emery, 1892d: 568, pi. 15, figs. 11, 12 (m.) SIERRA LEONE. Current subspecies: nominal plus moestus. luzoni. Aenictus luzoni Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925:48, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 0 . #magrettii. Aenictus magrettiiEmery, 1892d: 569, pi. 15, figs. 13, 14 (m.) SUDAN. Subspecies of fuscovarius: Emery, 1895j:747. mariae. Aenictus mariae Emery, 1895h: 18, pi. 2, figs. 5 7 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Current subspecies: nomi­ nal plus natalensis. maroccanus. Aenictus maroccanus Santschi, 1926e: 2 3 2 (w.) MOROCCO.

mutatus. Aenictus moebii st. mutatus Santschi, 1913c: 304, fig. 2 (m.) IVORY COAST. Raised to species: Santschi, 1920d: 370. Current subspecies: nominal plus pudicus. ^natalensis. Aenictus mariae var. natalensis Forel, in Emery, 190Id: 4 9 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. nesiotis. Aenictus (Aenictus) aratus subsp. nesiotis Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, in Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 2 0 8 , fig. 7 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Junior syn­ o n y m of aratus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 4 6 . nganduensis. Aenictus nganduensis Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 0 , figs. 47, 4 8 (w.) NEW GUINEA. #noctivagus. Aenictus bottegoi st. noctivagus Santschi, 1913c: 303, fig. 1 (m.) ETHIOPIA. obscurus. Aenictus obscurus Smith, F. 1865: 79 (m.) NEW GUINEA. orientalis. Eciton (Aenictus) ceylonicus subsp. orientalis Karavaiev, 1926d: 4 2 3 , fig. 2 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior synonym of ceylonicus: Wilson, 1964a: 452. pachycerus. Eciton pachycerus Smith, F. 1858b: 153 (w.) "South America ?" (in error; type-locality INDIA, see Bingham, 1903: 21). Combination in Aenictus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 8. Senior synonym of bengalensis: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 0 ; of continuus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 1 . Current subspecies: nominal plus impressus. papuanus. Aenictus papuanus Donisthorpe, 1941c: 129 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of ceylonicus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 2 . peguensis. Aenictuspeguensis Emery, 1895k: 4 5 2 (w.) BURMA. Subspecies of ceylonicus: Forel, 1901a: 4 7 7 . Revived status as species: Bingham, 1903: 2 2 . See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 2 . pharoa. Aenictus pharao Santschi, 1924b: 2 0 1 , fig. 4 (m.) SUDAN. philiporum. Aenictus philiporum Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 3 , fig. 74 (w.) AUSTRALIA. phitippinensis. Aenictus (Aenictus) philippinensis Chap­ man, 1963: 247, fig. 1 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 3 . piercei. Aenictus (Aenictus) piercei Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, in Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 209, fig. 7 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 4 .

martini. Aenictus martini Forel, 1901a: 4 7 3 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 203 (q.); Chap­ man, 1963: 251 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. 1943: 326 (1.). Junior synonym of gracilis: Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 3 .

piltzi. Aenictus fergusoni var. piltziForel, 1901a: 4 7 4 (w.) INDIA. Junior synonym oi fergusoni: Wilson, 1964a: 462.

mauritanicus. Aenictus mauritanicus Santschi, 1910g: 756, fig. 11 (m.) "Cote atlantique du Sahara".

(m.) SRI LANKA. Senior synonym of greeni: Donisthorpe, 1932b: 576. powersi. Aenictus (Aenictus) powersi Wheeler, W.M. &

#maxillosus. Aenictus sumatrensis var. maxillosa Forel, 1913k: 2 4 (m.) SUMATRA. mentu. Aenictus mentu Weber, 1942a: 40, fig. 2 (w.) SUDAN. #merwei. Aenictus rotundatus var. merwei Santschi, 1932a: 382 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. minutulus. Aenictus minutulus Terayama & Yamane, 1989: 601, figs. 7 - 1 0 (w.) SUMATRA. mocsaryi. Aenictus mocsaryi Emery, 1901h: 152, fig. (m.) NEW GUINEA. moebii. Aenictus moebiiEmery,

1895J: 747, fig. NN (m.)

porizonoides. Aenictus porizonoides Walker, 1860: 306

Chapman, in Wheeler, W.M. 1930g: 210, fig. 6 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 5 . pubescens. Aenictus pubescens Smith, F. 1859b: 10, pi. 2, fig. 17 (m.) INDIA. tipudicus. Aenictus mutatus st. pudicus Santschi, 1919b: 2 3 4 (m.) IVORY COAST. punctiventris. Aenictus punctiventris Emery, 190 Id: 4 7 (m.) BORNEO. Current subspecies: nominal plus scutellaris. punensis. Aenictus punensis Forel, 1901a: 4 7 6 (w.)

TOGO. Current subspecies: nominal plus sankisianus. #moestus. Aenictus luteus var. moestus Santschi, 1930a:

INDIA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 6 . rabori. Aenictus (Aenictus) rabori Chapman, 1 9 6 3 : 2 4 9 ,

56, figs. 18, 19 (m.) SUDAN. montanus. Aenictus fergusoni var. montanus Forel, 1901a:

fig. 2 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 476.

4 7 4 (w.) INDIA. Junior synonym of fergusoni:^ Wil­ son, 1964a: 4 6 2 .

60

Spedes-Group Taxa

raptor. Aenictus raptorForel,

1913b: 314 (m.) ZAIRE.

reyesi. Aenictus (Aenictus) reyesi Chapman, 1963: 250, fig. 3 (w.) PHILIPPINES. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 477. rhodiensis. Aenictus rhodiensis Menozzi, 1936d: 266, fig. 1,1-1 (w.) GREECE. fixator. Aenictus rixator Forel, in Emery, 1901d: 4 8 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. rotundatus. Aenictus rotundatus Mayr, 1901b: 1 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Current subspecies: nominal plus guineensis, merwei. rougieri. Aenictus rougieri Andre, 1893a: cxci (m.) TUNISIA. sagei. Aenictus wroughtonii var. sageiForel, 1901a: 4 6 9 (w.) INDIA. Raised to species: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 7 . #sagittarius. Aenictus fuscovarius st. Sagittarius Santschi, 1938a: 30,fig.2 (m.) EGYPT. #sankisianus. Aenictus moebii r. sankisianus Forel, 1913b: 312 (m.) ZAIRE. satoi. Aenictus latiscapus st. sauteri var. satoi Santschi, 1937h: 367 (m.) TAIWAN. Unavailable name. #sauteri. Aenictus latiscapus r. sauteriForel, 1913f: 188 (m.) TAIWAN. schneirlai. Aenictus schneirlaiWilson, 1964a: 4 7 9 , figs. 49, 50 (w.) NEW GUINEA. #scutellaris. Aenictus punctiventris var. scutellaris Forel, 1912n: 53 (m.) SUMATRA. shuckardi. Aenictus shuckardi Forel, 1901a: 471 (m.) INDIA. silvestrii. Aenictus (Paraenictus) silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 28, fig. 1 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 7 9 . similis. Aenictus similis Donisthorpe, 1948g: 131 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of ceylonicus: Wil­ son, 1964a: 4 5 2 . smythiesii. Aenictus laeviceps var. smythiesii Forel, 1901a: 465 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Junior synonym of laeviceps: Wilson, 1964a: 4 6 7 . soudanicus. Aenictus soudanicus Santschi, 1910g: 758, fig. 12 (m.) SUDAN. Current subspedes: nominal plus brunneus. spathifer. Aenictus spathifer Santschi, 1928h: 119, fig. 1 (m.) SUMATRA. ttspinosior. Aenictus hamifer r. spinosior Stitz, 1 9 1 7 : 3 3 5 , fig. 1 (m.) ALGERIA. steindachneri. Aenictus steindachneri Mayr, 1901b: 2 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. sumatrensis. Aenictus sumatrensis Forel, 1913k: 23 (m.) SUMATRA. Current subspedes: nominal plus maxillosus. #sundaicus. Aenictus clavatus subsp. sundaicus Forel, 1909d: 223 (m.) JAVA. sundaica. Eciton (Aenictus) fergusoni var. sundaica Karavaiev, 1927e: 7 (w.) JAVA. [Unresolved junior secondary h o m o n y m of sundaicus Forel, above.] Junior synonym of laeviceps: Wilson, 1964a: 467. #taivanae. Aenictus longi r. taivanae Forel, 1913f: 189 (m.) TAIWAN. togoensis. Aenictus togoensis Santschi, 1915c: 2 4 8 (m.) TOGO. tricarinata. Typhlatta tricarinata Smith, F. 1873: ix. Nomen nudum, attributed to Mayr. trigonus. Aenictus trigonus Forel, 1911b: 195 (m.) JAVA. tttuberculatus. Aenictus tuberculatus Arnold, 1 9 1 5 : 1 4 2 (m.) ZIMBABWE. Subspedes of crucifer: Santschi, 1924b: 2 0 4 .

turneri. Aenictus turneri Forel, 1900b: 75 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1964c: 131 (1.). Senior s y n o n y m of deuqueti: B r o w n , 1952b: 123; of exiguus: B r o w n , 1958a: 5. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ceylonicus: Wilson, 1964a: 4 5 2 . unicolor. Aenictus unicolor Radoszkovsky, 1 8 8 1 : 1 9 8 . Nomen nudum, attributed to Smith, F. vagans. Aenictus vagans Santschi, 1924b: 200, fig. 3 (m.) NIGER. vaucheri. Aenictus vaucheri Emery, 1915a: 252, pi. 4, figs. 1,2 (q.) MOROCCO. Santschi, 1936c: 198 (w.). villiersi. Aenictus villiersiBernard, 1953b: 2 2 1 , fig. 7 (w.) GUINEA. #viridans. Aenictus humeralis var. viridans Santschi, 1915c: 2 4 8 (m.) BENIN. weissi. Aenictus weissi Santschi, 1910c: 354, fig. 2 (w.) CONGO. Santschi, 1920b: 9 (q.). westwoodi. Aenictus ambiguus var. westwoodi Forel, 1901a: 469 (m.) INDIA. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 10. wroughtonii. Aenictus wroughtoniiForel, 1890b: ciii (w.m.) INDIA. See also: Wilson, 1964a: 4 8 0 . AEROMYRMA: see u n d e r

OLIGOMYRMEX.

AETHIOPOPONE: see u n d e r AFROXYIDRIS

SPHINCTOMYRMEX.

(west Africa)

crigensis. Afroxyidris crigensis Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 632, figs. 1-3 (w.) GHANA. AGRAULOMYRMEX meridionalis.

( s o u t h e r n Africa)

Agraulomyrmex meridionalis Prins, 1983:

2, fig. 1 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. wilsoni. AgraulomyrmexwilsoniPrins,

1983: 5, fig. 2

(w.q.) ZIMBABWE. *AGROECOMYRMEX (Baltic Amber) *duisburgi. *Myrmica duisburgi Mayr, 1868c: 87, pi. 5, figs. 87, 88 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 58 ( q ) . Combination in *Agroecomyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 57. #ALAOPONE:

see u n d e r

ALFARIA: see u n d e r ALISTRUMA: see u n d e r ALLOFORMICA

DORYLUS.

GNAMPTOGENYS. COLOBOSTRUMA.

(Palaearctic)

aberrans. Formica aberrans Mayr, 1 8 7 7 : 7 (w.) TURKESTAN. [Redescribed in Latin: Mayr, 1880: 27.] Combination in Formica (Proformica): Ruzsky, 1905b: 4 2 1 ; in Proformica: Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927b: 28; in Proformica (Alloformica): DIussky, 1969a: 219; in Alloformica: DIussky, S o y u n o v & Zabelin, 1 9 9 0 : 1 4 3 . See also: Agosti, 1994a: 99. flavicornis.

Cataglyphis cursor subsp. flavicornis

Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926a: 72 (w.) UZBEKISTAN. Combination in Alloformica: Agosti, 1990a: 1495. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of Cataglyphis rockingeri: Santschi, 1929b: 36; of Cataglyphis aenescens: DIussky, S o y u n o v & Zabelin, 1990: 149. Revived from s y n o n ­ y m y a n d raised to species: Agosti, 1990a: 1495. See also: Agosti, 1994a: 99. nitidior. Formica (Proformica) aberrans var. nitidior Forel, 1904b: 383 (w.) TURKESTAN. Combination in Proformica (Alloformica): DIussky, 1969a: 220; in Alloformica: DIussky, S o y u n o v & Zabelin, 1990: 144.

Raised t o species: DIussky, 1969a: 2 2 0 . See also: Agosti, 1994a: 99. obscurior. Alloformica obscurior DIussky, in DIussky, S o y u n o v & Zabelin, 1 9 9 0 : 1 4 5 , fig. 15 (w.) TURKMENISTAN. ALLOMERUS (Neotropical) angulatus. Allomerus decemarticulatus subsp. octoarticulatus var. angulatus Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , i n Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 0 1 (w.) BOLIVIA. Unavail­ able n a m e . [Allomerus octoarticulatus var. angulatus: Kempf, 1972a: 19; unavailable name.] decemarticulatus. Allomerus decemarticulatus Mayr, 1878: 8 7 4 (w.) BRAZIL. Kempf, 1975c: 347 (q.). Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus novemarticulatus, septemarticulatus. Udemerarae. Allomerus octoarticulatus var. demerarae Wheeler, W.M., i n Wheeler, G.C. 1935: 92, pis. 7, 8 (1.) GUIANA. [Allomerus octoarticulatus var. demerarae Wheeler, W.M. 1929h: 3 4 3 . Nomen nudum.) Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 200 (w.q.m.). exsanguis. Allomerus decemarticulatus subsp. octoarticulatus var. exsanguis Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , in Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 0 0 (w.q.) BOLIVIA. Unavailable n a m e . [Allomerus octoarticulatus var. exsanguis: Kempf, 1972a: 19; unavailable n a m e . ] melanoticus. Allomerus decemarticulatus subsp. octoarticulatus var. melanoticus Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , in Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 202 (w.q.m.) BOLIVIA. Unavailable n a m e . [Allomerus octoarticulatus var. melanoticus:Kempf, 1972a: 19; unavailable n a m e . ] ^novemarticulatus. Allomerus decemarticulatus subsp. novemarticulatus Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , in Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 199 (w.) BOLIVIA. octoarticulatus. Allomerus octoarticulatus Mayr, 1878: 8 7 4 (w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1904e: 679 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955c: 125 (J.). Subspe­ cies of decemarticulatus: Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 1 9 9 . Revived status as species: Kempf, 1972a: 19. Cur­ rent subspecies: n o m i n a l plus demerarae, tuberculatus. ^septemarticulatus. Allomerus septemarticulatus Mayr, 1878: 8 7 4 (w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1904e: 6 8 0 (q.). Vari­ ety of octoarticulatus: Forel, 1904e: 680. Subspecies of decemarticulatus: Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 2 0 3 . #tuberculatus. Allomerus octoarticulatus r. tuberculatus Forel, 1912g: 2 (w.m.) BRAZIL. vogeli. Allomerus vogeliKempf, 1975c: 348, figs. 1-4 (w.m.) BRAZIL. ALLOPHEIDOLE: see u n d e r

PHEIDOLE.

AMAUROMYRMEX: see u n d e r

PHEIDOLOGETON.

armigera. Amblyopone armigera Mayr, 1887: 547 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 ; in Stigmatomma (Fulakora): M a n n , 1919: 279; in Amblyopone: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 0 9 . australis. Amblyopone australis Erichson, 1 8 4 2 : 2 6 1 , pi. 5, fig. 7 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Smith, F. 1858b: 109 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952a: 116 (1.); Imai, Crozier & Taylor, 1977: 347 (k.). Senior syn­ o n y m of laevidens a n d nana: Wilson, 1958a: 142; of cephalotes (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m maculata): B r o w n , 1958h: 14; of fortis, foveolata, minor a n d obscura, a n d material of the unavailable n a m e s howensis, norfolkensis, pallens a n d queenslandica referred here: Brown, 1960a: 167 (these previously provisional s y n o n y m s in B r o w n , 1958h: 13). See also: Taylor, 1 9 7 9 : 8 3 5 . barretoi. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) elongata st. barretoi Bruch, 1 9 2 1 : 184, fig. 6 (w.) ARGENTINA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of elongata: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 0 . bellii. Amblyopone (Stigmatomma) ie/ZzYForel, 1900c: 55 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Stigmatomma: Bingham, 1903: i8; inAmblyopone:Brown, 1960a: 193. besucheti. Amblyopone besucheti Baroni Urbani, 1978a: 4 9 , figs. 15, 16 (w.) SEYCHELLES IS. bierigi. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) bierigi Santschi, 1930c: 75 (w.) CUBA. Combination in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 167. binodosus. Arotropus binodosus Provancher, 1881 a: 206, figs. 32, 33 (q.) CANADA. Provancher, 1 8 8 7 : 2 4 0 (w.). Combination in Amblyopone: Provancher, 1887: 240; in Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of pallipes: Emery, 1895c: 2 6 1 . bruni. Stigmatomma bruni Forel, 1912a: 45 (w.) TAI­ WAN. Forel, 1913f: 183 (m.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Amblyopone, a n d senior s y n o n y m oijuergi: B r o w n , 1960a: 168. castaneus Smith, F. 1860; see u n d e r

MYOPOPONE.

celata. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) celata M a n n , 1 9 1 9 : 2 7 9 , fig. 2 (w.) SOLOMON IS. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Amblyopone: Wilson, 1958a: 143. See also: Taylor, 1979:830. cephalotes. Amblyopone cephalotes Smith, F. 1876c: 4 9 0 (w.) NEW ZEALAND. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952a: 117 (1.). Subspecies of australis a n d senior s y n o n y m of maculata: Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 13. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of australis: B r o w n , 1958h: 14. chilensis. Amblyopone chilensis Mayr, 1887: 547 (w.) CHILE. Combination in Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 ; in Stigmatomma (Fulakora): M a n n , 1919: 279; in Amblyopone: B r o w n , 1960a: 183. clarki. Amblyopone clarki Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 2 7 c 24, fig. 7 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA.

AMBLYOPONE (World tropics a n d t e m p e r a t e zones) aberrans. Amblyopone aberrans Wheeler, W.M. 1927c:

degenerata. Amblyopone degenerate Borgmeier, 1957: 111, figs. 1 8 - 2 0 (w.) BRAZIL.

26, fig. 8 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. amblyops. Stigmatomma amblyops Karavaiev, 1935a: 57,

denticulata. Stigmatomma denticulatum Roger, 1859: 2 5 1 , pi. 7, fig. 2 (w.) GREECE. Emery, 1875a: 74 (m.);Emery, 1909c: 357 (q.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Amblyopone: E m e r y & Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 5 5 ; in Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 ; in Amblyopone: B r o w n , 1960a: 168. Senior s y n o n y m of gheorghieffi: Emery, 1915a: 2 5 5 , Emery, 1916b: 100; of gracilicornis: B r o w n , 1960a: 168. See also: Baroni Urbani, 1978a: 42; Atanassov & DIussky, 1992: 6 1 .

fig. 1 (w.) VIETNAM. Combination in Amblyopone: B r o w n , 1960a: 167. annae. Amblyopone (Stigmatomma) annae Arnol'di, 1968: 1801, fig. 2 (w.) TURKMENIA. See also: DIussky & Zabelin, 1 9 8 5 : 2 0 9 . arizonense. Stigmatomma pallipes subsp. arizonense Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 389 (w.) U.S.A. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of pallipes: Creighton, 1940b: 3.

Species-Group Taxa

61

AMBLYOPONE

laevidens. Amblyopone laevidens Emery, 1887b: 4 4 7 (w.)

(continued)

NEW GUINEA. Subspecies of australis: Wheeler, egregia. Ericapelta egregia Kusnezov, 1955: 274, figs. 5 7 (m.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 168.

W.M. 1927c: 12. Junior synonym of australis: Wil­ son, 1958a: 142.

fig. 1 (w.) URUGUAY. Borgmeier, 1957: 110 (q.). Combination in Stigmatomma (Fulakora): Santschi,

45. obscura. Amblyopone obscura Smith, F. 1858b: 109 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Clark, 1925b: 138 (m.). Variety

leae. Amblyopone leae Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 16,fig.3

elongata. Stigmatomma elongata Santschi, 1912e: 519,

Brown, 1960a: 169. See also: Baroni Urbani, 1978a:

(w.) AUSTRALIA.

of flHJfra&:Froggatt, 1905: 8; Forel, 1910b: 2. Sub­ species of australis: Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 10. Junior

longidens. Amblyopone ferruginea var. longidens Forel, 1910b: 1 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. &

synonym of australis: Brown, 1960a: 167. ophthalmica. Amblyopone ophthalmica Baroni Urbani,

1922d: 241; in Amblyopone: Borgmeier, 1957: 110.

Wheeler, J. 1964b: 446 (1.). Junior synonym of

Senior synonym of barretoi, minor and paranense:

ferruginea: Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 20. Revived from

Borgmeier, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 0 .

synonymy and raised to species: Brown, 1952i: 266.

Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 389 (w.q.) U.S.A. Combina­

See also: Brown, 1960a: 207.

tion in Amblyopone, and raised to species: Brown,

emeryi. Stigmatomma emeryi Saunders, 1890: 203, fig. (w.) MOROCCO. Emery, 1915a: 2 5 4 (m.). Combina­ tion in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 168. exigua. Amblyopone exigua Clark, 1928a: 35, pi. 1, figs. 2 0 - 2 3 (q.) AUSTRALIA.

lucida. Amblyopone (Fulakora) lucida Clark, 1934b: 27, pi. 2, fig. 8 (w.) AUSTRALIA.

PUERTO RICO. feae. Stigmatomma feae Emery, 1895k: 4 5 4 (w.) BURMA. Combination in Amblyopone: Forel, 1900c: 56.

lurilabes. Amblyopone lurilabes Lattke, 1991b: 2, fig. 2

(w.) AUSTRALIA. Andre, 1896b: 261 (q.). Senior synonym of mandibularis .-Brown, 1952i: 265. See also: Brown, 1960a: 206. fortis. Amblyopone australis var. fortis Forel, 1910b: 1 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 9 (q.). Junior synonym of australis: Brown, 1960a: 167. foveolata. Amblyopone australis subsp. foveolata Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 9 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Junior syn­ onym of australis: Brown, 1960a: 167.

luzonica. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) luzonicum Wheeler,

5 (w.) JAPAN.

Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 11 (w.) AUSTRALIA.

IPPINES. Combination in Amblyopone, and senior

Unavailable n a m e (Taylor, 1986: 34); material

synonym of williamsi: Brown, 1960a: 168. 1911a: 351 (w.) NEW ZEALAND. Junior synonym of cephalotes: Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 13. mandibularis. Amblyopone mandibularis Clark, 1928a:

Baroni Urbani, 1978a:

Stigmatomma: Roger, 1863b: 20; in Amblyopone:

mercovichi. Amblyopone mercovichi Brown, 1960a: 2 0 1 , michaelseni. Amblyopone michaelseni Forel, 1907h: 2 6 3 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Clark, 1928a: 33 (q.). TRALIA. Junior synonym of australis: Brown,

denticulata:Emery,

1915a: 255.

figs. 30, 31 (w.) AUSTRALIA. glauerti. Lithomyrmexglauerti

1957:110.

Clark, 1928a: 31, pi. 1,

minuta. Stigmatomma minuta Forel, 1913k: 4 (w.) (Fulakora): Mann, 1919: 279; in Amblyopone:

Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 168.

monrosi. Amblyopone monrosiBrown,

1960a: 188, fig.

20 (w.) CHILE. montigena. Stigmatomma pallipes subsp. montigena

Taylor, 1979: 829, figs. 1 3 -

16 (w.q.) SOLOMON IS.

Creighton, 1940b: 7 (w.q.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of pallipes: Brown, 1949c: 8 4 .

gracilicomis. Stigmatomma denticulatum var. gracilicornis

mutica. Stigmatomma (Xymmer) muticum Santschi,

Menozzi, 1936d: 2 6 8 (w.) GREECE. Junior syn­

1914d: 311, fig. 2 (w.) NIGERIA. Combinationin

onym of denticulata: Brown, 1960a: 168.

Xymmer: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 758; in Amblyopone:

gracilis. Amblyopone (Fulakora) gracilis Clark, 1934c: 52, pi. 4, figs. 3, 4 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. hackeri. Amblyopone hackeriWheeler,

W.M. 1927c: 22,

fig. 6 (w.) AUSTRALIA.

Brown, 1960a: 168. mystriops. Amblyopone mystriops Brown, 1960a: 185, fig. 19 (q.) GUATEMALA. Lattke, 1991b: 5 (w.). nana. Amblyopone nana Emery, 1914f: 394 (w.q.) NEW

howensis. Amblyopone australis subsp. cephalotes var.

CALEDONIA. Subspecies of australis Wheeler, W.M.

howensis Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 15 (w.q.m.) AUS­

1927c: 16. Junior synonym of australis: Wilson,

TRALIA. Unavailable name (Taylor, 1986: 34);

1958a: 142.

material referred to australis by Brown, 1960a: 167. impressifrons. Stigmatomma impressifrons Emery, 1869b: 13, pi. 1, fig. 8 (w.q.) ITALY. Emery, 1915a:

1949c: 84; of subterranea: Brown, 1960a: 169. See also: Whelden, 1 9 5 8 : 1 ; TranieUo, 1982: 65. 5-8 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA. paranense. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) elongatum var. paranense Santschi, 1925b: 6 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of elongata: Borgmeier, 1957: 110. pertinax. Amblyoponepertinax

Brown, 1960a: 168 (see also p. 196).

figs. 1-11 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in gnoma. Amblyoponegnoma

above.] Junior synonym of elongata: Borgmeier,

SUMATRA. Combination in Stigmatomma 1960a: 205,

binodosus: Emery, 1895c: 2 6 1 ; of arizonense and wheeleri: Creighton, 1940b: 3; of montigena: Brown,

papuana. Amblyopone papuana Taylor, 1979: 828, figs.

minor. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) elongata var. minor solved junior secondary h o m o n y m of minor Forel,

gingivalis. AmblyoponegingivalisBrown,

Torre, 1893: 14, unjustified emendation.] Senior synonym of serratum: Mayr, 1886d: 439; of

figs. 29, 32 (w.) AUSTRALIA.

1990d: 189.

Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 . Junior synonym of

Wheeler, J. 1 9 5 2 : 1 1 4 (1.). Combination in Amblyopone: Haldeman, 1849a: 201 (footnote); in Brown, 1960a: 169. [Stigmatomma pallidipes: Dalla

Santschi, 1922d: 241 (w.) ARGENTINA. [Unre­

(m.) BULGARIA. Combination in Stigmatomma:

U.S.A. Emery, 1895c: 261 (q.m.); Wheeler G.C. &

o n y m of ferruginea: Brown, 1952i: 265.

47, figs. 6, 12 (w.) MOROCCO. See also: Tinaut, gheorghieffi. Amblyoponegheorghieffi Forel, 1892i: 309

referred to australis by Brown, 1960a: 167. pallipes. Typhlopone pallipes Haldeman, 1844: 54 (w.)

33, pi. 1, figs. 12-15 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior syn­

1960a: 167.

gaetulica. Amblyoponegaetulica

pollens. Amblyopone australis subsp. obscura var. pallens

W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 56, pi. 1, fig. 18 (q.) PHIL­

minor. Amblyopone minor Forel, 1915b: 1 (w.q.m.) AUS­

fulvida. Amblyopone fulvida Terayama, 1987: 31, figs. 1 -

(w.) MEXICO. Senior synonym of tropicalis: Lattke, 1991b: 5.

maculata. Amblyopone cephalotes var. maculata Stitz,

ferruginea. Amblyopone ferruginea Smith, F. 1858b: 110

1960a: 169. See also: Ward, 1988: 105. orizabana. Amblyopone orizabana Brown, 1960a: 190

(w.q.) VENEZUELA.

falcata. Amblyoponefalcata Lattke, 1991b: 1, fig. 1 (w.)

1978a: 44, figs. 3, 9 (w.) ISRAEL. oregonensis. Stigmatomma pallipes subsp. oregonense

noonadan. Amblyopone noonadan Taylor, 1965a: 6, figs. 3, 4 (w.) NEW BRITAIN. Taylor, 1979: 826 (m.). norfolkensis. Amblyopone australis subsp. cephalotes var.

Baroni Urbani, 1978a:

48, figs. 13, 14 (w.) INDIA. pluto. Amblyopone pluto Gotwald & Levieux, 1972: 384, figs. 1-26 (w.q.m.) IVORY COAST. punctulata. Amblyopone (Fulakora) punctulata Clark, 1934b: 28, pi. 2, figs. 9, 10 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. quadrata. Stigmatomma quadratum Karavaiev, 1935a: 58 (w.) VIETNAM. Combination in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 169. queenslandica. Amblyopone australis subsp. laevidens var. queenslandica Wheeler, W M . 1927c: 12 (w.q.) AUS­ TRALIA. Unavailable n a m e (Taylor, 1986: 34); material referred to australis by Brown, 1960a: 167. reclinata. Amblyopone reclinata Mayr, 1879: 6 6 7 (w.) JAVA. Stitz, 1 9 2 5 : 1 1 0 (m.); Imai, Brown etal. 1984: 67 (k.). Combination in Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre, 1893:14; in Amblyopone: Brown,

rothneyi. Amblyopone (Stigmatomma) rothneyi Forel, 1900c: 56 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Stigmatomma: Bingham, 1903: 37; in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 169. rubiginoa. Amblyopone rubiginous Wu & Wang, 1992:

2 5 4 (m.). Combination in Amblyopone: Emery &

norfolkensis Wheeler, W.M. 1927c: 15 (w.) AUS­

1303, fig. 4 5 6 7 (w.) CHINA.

Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 5 5 . See also: Baroni Urbani, 1978a:

TRALIA. Unavailable n a m e (Taylor, 1986: 34);

sakaii. Amblyopone sakaiiTerayama,

44; Atanassov & DIussky, 1992: 62.

material referred to australis by Brown, 1960a: 167.

juergi. Stigmatomma brunir.juergiForel,

1 9 2 2 : 8 7 (w.)

TAIWAN. Junior synonym of bruni: Brown, 1960a: 168.

62

Species-Group Taxa

normandi. Stigmatomma normandi Santschi, 1915a: 54, fig. 1 (w.) TUNISIA. Combination in Amblyopone:

1960a: 169 (see

also p. 193).

1, 2 (w.) TAIWAN.

1989b: 344, figs.

santschii. Stigmatomma santschii Menozzi, 1922a: 347 (w.) SENEGAL. Combination in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 169. saundersi. AmblyoponesaunderstForel, 1892c: 336 (q.) NEW ZEALAND. Clark, 1928a: 36 (w.). Combina­ tion in Stigmatomma: Dalla Torre, 1893: 15;in Stigmatomma (Fulakora): Mann, 1919:279; in Amblyopone: Brown, 1958h: 15. See also: Brown, 1960a: 209. serratum. Stigmatommaserratum Roger, 1859:251 (w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of pallipes: Mayr, 1886d: 439. silvestrii. Stigmatomma silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1928d: 97 (w.) JAPAN. Ogata, 1 9 8 7 : 1 0 3 (m.); Terayama, 1989b: 345 (q.);Masuko, 1990b: 221 (1.). Combina­ tion in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 169 (see also p. 197). See also: Masuko, 1993: 35. smithi. Amblyopone smithi Brown, 1960a: 2 1 1 , fig. 40 (w.) AUSTRALIA. subterranea. Stigmatomma pallipes subsp. subterranea Creighton, 1940b: 8 (w.) U.S.A. Raised to species: Brown, 1949c: 85. Junior synonym of pallipes: Brown, 1960a: 169. testacea. ~>Amblyopone testacea Motschoulsky, 1 8 6 3 : 1 5 (q.) SRI LANKA. Nomen dubium (not congeneric with Cryptopone testacea Emery, 1893a: cclxxv), see Wilson, 1958d: 360. trigonignatha. Amblyopone (Stigmatomma) trigonignatha Brown, 1949c: 81, fig. 1 (w.) U.S.A. tropicalis. Amblyopone tropicalis Brown, 1962a: 73 (w.q.) PANAMA. Junior synonym of orizabana: Lattke, 1991b: 5. wheeleri. Stigmatomma pallidipes [sic] var. wheeleri Santschi, 1914a: 4 2 9 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Junior syn­ o n y m of pallipes: Creighton, 1940b: 3. williamsi. Stigmatomma (Fulakora) williamsi Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 56, pi. 1, fig. 19 (w.q.) PHILIPPINES. Junior synonym of luzonica: Brown, 1960a: 168. wilsoni. Amblyopone wilsoni Clark, 1928a: 34, pl.l, figs. 16-19 (w.) AUSTRALIA. zwaluwenburgi. Stigmatomma

(Fulakora)

zwaluwenburgiWMams, 1946: 639 (w.) HAWAH. Combination in Amblyopone: Brown, 1960a: 169. *AMEGHINOIA (Argentina) *piatnitzkyi. *Ameghinoiapiatnitzkyiyxana

&Haedo

Rossi, 1 9 5 7 : 1 1 3 , figs. 1-3, 3 pis. (q.) ARGENTINA (Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene). AMMOMYRMA: see under AMYRMEX: see under

DORYMYRMEX.

FORELWS.

ANACANTHOLEPIS: see under

HETEROPONERA.

ANCYLOGNATHUS: see under ECITON. ANCYRIDRIS polyrhachioides.

(New Guinea) Ancyridris polyrhachioides Wheeler,

W.M. 1935a: 2, fig. 1 (w.) NEW GUINEA. rupicapra.

Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus) rupicapra Stitz,

1938: 99, fig. 1 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Ancyridris: n e w c o m b i n a t i o n . ANDRAGNATHUS: see under

PARATRECHINA.

OLIGOMYRMEX.

ANERGATES (west Palaearctic, east Nearctic) atratulus. Myrmica atratula Schenck, 1852:91 (q.m.) GERMANY. Wheeler, W.M. 1909g: 182 (1.). Combi­ n a t i o n i n Tetramorium: Mayr, 1855: 429; in Anergates: Forel, 1874: 68 (see also p. 93). [Also described as n e w by Schenck, 1853:186.] Senior synonym of friedlandi: Creighton, 1950a: 2 4 3 . See also: Donisthorpe, 1915d: 89; Boven, 1977: 81; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955c: 128; Atanassov & DIussky, 1 9 9 2 : 1 6 1 . friedlandi. Anergates friedlandi Creighton, 1 9 3 4 : 1 9 3 (q.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of atratulus: Creighton, 1950a: 243.

synonym of lippulum: Brown, 1953h: 7; of myops: Emery, 1921f: 83. Junior synonym of antipodum: Ettershank, 1966: 132. lippulum. Monomorium lippulum Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 89, fig. 3 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of froggatti: Brown, 1953h: 7. myops. Pheidole myops Forel, 1902h: 421 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Junior synonym oi froggatti: Emery, 1921f: 83. ANKYLOMYRMA (west Africa) coronacantha. Ankylomyrma coronacantha Bolton, 1973c: 235, figs. 1-3 (w.) GHANA. See also: Bolton, 1981b: 247. ANOCHETUS

ANERGATIDES: see under PHEIDOLE. *ANEURETELLUS

(Russia)

*deformis. *Aneuretellus deformis DIussky, 1988: 54, fig. 2 (w.q.) RUSSIA (Palaeocene?). ANEURETUS

(Sri Lanka)

simoni. Aneuretus simoni Emery, 1893a: cclxxvi (w.) SRI LANKA. Wilson, Eisner et al. 1956: 82 (q.m.l.). [Also described as n e w by Emery, 1893f: 242.] Senior synonym of butteli: Wilson, Eisner etal. 1956: 8 1 . See also: Gotwald, 1970: 950; Jayasuriya & Traniello, 1986: 363; Traniello & Jayasuriya, 1986: 375; Shattuck, 1994: 1.. butteli. Aneuretus butteli forel, 1912m: 770 (q.) SRI LANKA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1913k: 87.] Junior synonym of simoni: Wilson, Eisner et al. 1956:81. ANILLWRIS

(Neotropical)

bruchi. Anillidris bruchi Santschi, 1936d: 414, figs. 2 1 28 (w.) ARGENTINA. Santschi, 1937c: 69 (q.m.). Combination in Linepithema: Kempf, 1972a: 135; in Anillidris: Shattuck, 1994: 3. gallardoi. Anillidris gallardoiKusnezov,

1954b: 37.

Nomen nudum. ANILLOMYRMA (Oriental, Indo-Australian) #continentis. Anillomyrma decamera subsp. continentis Wheeler, W M . 1927h: 96 (w.) VIETNAM. decamera. Monomorium decamerum Emery, 1 9 0 1 e : 1 1 7 (w.) SRI LANKA. Combination in Monomorium (Anillomyrma): Emery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 6 1 ; in Anillomyrma: Ettershank, 1966: 98. See also: Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 7 4 . Current subspecies: nominal plus continentis. tridens. Anillomyrma tridens Bolton, 1987: 274, figs. 1, 4 (w.) BORNEO. AN1SOPHEWOLE

PLAGIOLEPIS.

ANACANTHOPONERA: see under

ANELEUS: see under

(Australia)

antipodum. Atta antipodum Smith, F. 1858b: 166 (q.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Pheidole: Mayr, 1886c: 360; in Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 216; in Pheidole: Emery, 1922e: 97; in Anisopheidole: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 3 2 . Junior synonym of Aphaenogaster longiceps: Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 216. Revived from synonymy, and senior synonym of froggatti (and its junior synonyms lippulum and myops): Ettershank, 1966: 132. froggatti. Pheidole froggatti Forel, 1902h: 4 1 4 (q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Forel, 1907h: 282 (s.w.). Combination in Pheidole (Allopheidole): Forel, 1912f: 237; in Pheidole (Anisopheidole): Forel, 1914c: 616. Senior

(World tropics and subtropics)

abstracta. Anochetus bequaerti st. abstracta Santschi, 1914e: 12 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Junior s y n o n y m of bequaerti:Brown, 1978c: 556. africanus. Stenomyrmexafricanus Mayr, 1865:11 (foot­ note) (w.) GHANA. Andre, 1892a: 47 (q.). Combi­ nation in Anochetus: Forel, 1887: 382. Senior synonym of camerunensis: Mayr, 1904b: 2; of pasteuri: Brown, 1978c: 556 (see also p. 602). agilis. Anochetusagilis Emery, 1901a: 52 (w.) BOR­ NEO. Viehmeyer, 1916a: 116 (q.). See also: Brown, 1978c: 578. altisquamis.

Anochetus altisquamis Mayr, 1887: 529

(w.) BRAZIL. Senior synonym of fumata: Kempf & Lenko, 1976: 58. amati. Anochetus amati Karavaiev, 1925c: 285, fig. 8 (q.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior synonym of graeffei: Wilson, 1959a: 507. * ambiguus. *Anochetus ambiguus De Andrade, 1994:17, fig. 18 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER. angolensis. Anochetus angolensis Brown, 1978c: 600, fig. 49 (w.) ANGOLA. angusticomis. Anochetus angusticomis Arnold, 1946: 56 (w.q.) ZIMBABWE. Junior synonym of traegaordhi: Brown, 1978c: 559. armstrongi. Anochetus armstrongi McAreavey, 1 9 4 9 : 1 , figs. 1-6 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. See also: Brown, 1978c: 597. aurifrons. Anochetus pellucidus var. aurifrons Santschi, 1910c: 351 (w.) CONGO. Junior synonym of pellucidus:Brown, 1978c: 558. australis. Anochetus australis Emery, 1906c: 117, fig. 2 (w.) URUGUAY. Santschi, 1929d: 278 (q.). Subspe­ cies of mayri:Emery, 1911d: 110; Bruch, 1915: 528. Junior synonym of neglectus: Brown, 1978c: 558. beccarii. Anochetus beccarii Emery, 1884a: 379 (diagno­ sis in key) (w.) SUMATRA. Junior synonym of rugosus: Brown, 1964d:214. bequaerti. Anochetus bequaerti Forel, 1913b: 309 (w.) ZAIRE. Arnold, 1915: 104 (q.m.). Senior synonym of abstracta, estus and opaciventris: Brown, 1978c: 556. bierigi. Anochetus bierigi Santschi, 1931c: 268, figs. 4 - 6 (w.q.) PANAMA. Junior synonym of diegensis: Brown, 1964d:215. bispinosus. Odontomachus bispinosus Smith, F. 1858b: 199 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Stenomyrmex: Mayr, 1886c: 361; in Anochetus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 47. See also: Brown, 1976a: 103. *brevidentatus. *Anochetus brevidentatus MacKay, 1991: 138, figs. 1-3, 8 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER. See also: De Andrade, 1994:19.

Species-Group Taxa

63

ANOCHETUS

(continued)

brevis. Anochetus brevis Brown, 1978c: 581, fig. 2 (w.) PHILIPPINES. butteli. Anochetus longifossatus r. butteli Forel, 1913k: 18 (w.) SRI LANKA. Junior synonym of longifossatus: Brown, 1978c: 557. cameroni. Anochetus cameroni Forel, 1915c: 352 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of ghilianii: Brown, 1964d:214. camerunensis. Anochetus africanus var. camerunensis Mayr, 1 8 9 6 : 2 3 6 (w.m.) CAMEROUN. Emery, 1899e: 476 (q.). Junior synonym of africanus: Mayr, 1904b: 2. cato. Anochetus cato Forel, 1901b: 6 (w.) NEW BRIT­ AIN. Senior synonym of rossi and subfasciatus: Wil­ son, 1959a: 504. See also Brown, 1978c: 585. chirichinii. Anochetus chirichiniiEmery, 1897c: 597, pi. 15, figs. 4 6 , 4 7 (w.) NEW GUINEA. See also: Brown, 1978c: 590. concinnus. Anochetus concinnus Santschi, 1920b: 9 (q.) ZAIRE. Junior synonym of katonae: Brown, 1978c: 557. *conisquamis. * Anochetus conisquamis De Andrade, 1994: 22, fig. 20 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER. consultans. Formica consultans Walker, 1859: 373 (m.) SRI LANKA. Combination in Euponera: Donisthorpe, 1932b: 576; in Anochetus: Brown, 1978c: 556 (see also p. 588). *corayi. *Anochetus corayi Baroni Urbani, 1980c: 2, figs. 1-4 (q.) DOMINICAN AMBER (30-40 M. years old). diabolus. Anochetus rectangularis var. diabolus Forel, 1915b: 35 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of rectangularis: Brown, 1978c: 558. diegensis. Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912c: 29 (w.) COLOMBIA. Senior synonym of bierigi: Brown, 1964d: 215. See also: Brown, 1978c: 614. *dubius. *Anochetus dubius De Andrade, 1994: 15, fig. 17 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER. durbanensis. Anochetus punctatus var. durbanensis Arnold, 1926:215 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Junior syn­ onym of katonae: Brown, 1978c: 557. elegans. Anochetus elegans Lattke, 1987a: 353, figs. 1, 2 (w.) COLOMBIA. emarginatus. Myrmecia emarginata Fabricius, 1804: 426 (w.) CENTRAL AMERICA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 6 4 4 (1.). Combination in Odontomachus: Illiger, 1807: 194; in Stenomyrmex: Mayr, 1862: 711; in Anochetus: Emery, 1890a: 63. Senior synonym of quadrispinosus: Roger, 1862c: 289; of rugosus: Kempf, 1964f: 238. See also: Brown, 1978c: 609. estus. Anochetus estus Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 98 (w.) ZAIRE. Junior synonym of bequaerti: Brown, 1978c: 556. evansi. Anochetus evansi Crawley, 1922a: 85 (w.) IRAN. See also: Brown, 1978c: 595. *exstinctus. *Anochetus exstinctus De Andrade, 1994: 11,

friederichsi. Anochetus africanus var. friederichsi Forel, 1918b: 155 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Junior synonym of madagascarensis:Brown, 1978c: 557. fuliginosus. Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold, 1948:214, fig. 3 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. See also: Brown, 1978c: 605. fumata. Anochetus altisquamis forma fumata Luederwaldt, 1918: 53 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior syn­ o n y m of altisquamis: Kempf & Lenko, 1976: 58. ghilianii. Odontomachus ghilianii Spinola, 1851b: 55 (w.) MOROCCO. [Also described as n e w by Spinola, 1853:71.] Emery, 1909c: 376 (q.m.). Combination in Anochetus: Mayr, 1861: 54. Senior synonym of cameroni: Brown, 1964d: 214. See also: Brown, 1978c: 598. gladiator. Stenomyrmex gladiator Mayr, 1862: 712 (w.) INDONESIA (Misool I.). Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 62 (1.). Combination in Anochetus: Dalla Torre, 1893:48. Junior synonym of Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, F. 1861b: 4 4 (Dalla Torre, 1893: 48), hence first available replacement name for Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, F. 1861b: 4 4 [junior primary h o m o n y m of Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, F. 1859a: 144], and senior synonym of smithii and gladiator Donisthorpe (unnecessary sec­ ondary replacement names): Brown, 1978c: 556. See also Brown, 1978c: 574). gladiator. Odontomachus gladiator Donisthorpe, 1932c: 467. Unnecessary replacement name for Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, F. 1861b: 44, and hence junior synonym of gladiator Mayr, 1862: 712, the first available replacement name: Brown, 1978c: 556.

Species-Group Taxa

jonesi. Anochetus jonesi Arnold, 1926:216, fig. 61 (w.q.m.) SOUTH AFRICA. kanariensis. Anochetus orientalis r. kanariensis Forel, 1900c: 62 (w.) INDIA. Raised to species: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 4 4 . See also: Brown, 1978c: 594. katonae. Anochetus grandidieri var. katonae Forel, 1907a: 1 (w.) TANZANIA. Raised to species, and senior synonym of concinnus, durbanensis, gnomulus, lamottei, longiceps, occidentalis, parvus and punctatus: Brown, 1978c: 557 (see also p. 607). kempfi. Anochetus kempfi Brown, 1978c: 6 1 1 , fig. 52

1964d:213. laeviusculus. Anochetus mayri subsp. laeviusculus

gracilis. Anochetus gracilis Karavaiev, 1925c: 286, fig. 9 (w.q.) JAVA. Junior s y n o n y m of risii: Brown, 1978c: 558. graeffei. AnochetusgraeffeiMayr, 1870b: 961 (w.) SAMOA. Mayr, 1876: 86 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1971b: 1212 (l.);Imairtai 1984: 5 (k.). Senior synonym of amati, minutus, oceanicus and

SUMATRA. Junior synonym of princeps: Brown,

Wheeler, W.M. 1911a: 22 (w.q.) JAMAICA. Junior synonym of mayri: Brown, 1978c: 557. lamottei. Anochetus lamottei Bernard, 1953b: 212, fig. 5 (w.) GUINEA. Junior s y n o n y m of katonae: Brown, 1978c: 557. latunei. Anochetus turneri var. latunei Forel, 1915b: 35 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of turneri: Brown, 1978c: 559. levaillanti. Anochetus levaillanti Emery, 1 8 9 5 h : 2 1 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Arnold, 1915: 108 (q.). See also:

punctiventris: Wilson, 1959a: 507; oi rudis, ruginotus and taylori: Brown, 1978c: 557 (see also p. 586). grandidieri. Anochetus grandidieri Forel, 1891b: 108,

Brown, 1978c: 594. longiceps. Anochetus parvus var. longiceps Santschi,

pi. 3, fig. 9 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Senior synonym of madecassus:Brown, 1978c: 557. haytianus. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) haytianus

katonae:Brown, 1978c: 557. longifossatus. Anochetus longifossatus Mayr, 1897:425

Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914:15, fig. 6 (w.) HAITI. See also: Brown, 1978c: 6 1 1 . horridus. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) horridus Kempf, 1964f: 239, figs. 4, 8, 12, 14 (gynecoid w.) BRAZIL. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1971b: 1212 (1.). See

1925a: 8 (w.) PERU. incultus. Anochetus incultus Brown, 1978c: 578, fig. 37

64

jacobsoni. Anochetus jacobsoni Menozzi, 1939b: 178, fig. 3 (w.) SUMATRA. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of jacobsoni Forel, above.] First replacement name: menozzii Donisthorpe, 1941k: 237. Second (unnec­ essary) replacement name: ineditus Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 360.

gracilicornis. Anochetusgracilicomis Viehmeyer, 1923: 87, fig. 1 (w.) SUDAN. Senior synonym of sudanicus: Brown, 1964d: 215. Junior synonym of traegaordhi: Brown, 1978c: 559.

SOUTH AFRICA. See also: Brown, 1978c: 609. filicornis. Myrmapatetes /z/icornw Wheeler, W.M. 1929b:

NEW GUINEA. See also: Brown, 1978c: 590.

jacobsoni.AnochetusjacobsoniVorel, 1911b: 193 (w.) JAVA. Forel, 1913k: 18 (q.). Junior synonym of princeps: Brown, 1964d: 213.

(w.) PUERTO RICO. laeta. Anochetus princeps var. laeta Forel, 1910a: 27 (w.)

also: Brown, 1978c: 612. inca. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) inca Wheeler, W.M.

6, fig. 3 (m.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in

isolatus. Anochetus cato subsp. isolatus Mann, 1919: 302, fig. 11 (w.m.) SOLOMON IS. Raised to species: Wilson, 1959a: 508. Senior synonym of rossi and splendens: Brown, 1978c: 557 (see also p. 585).

gnomulus. Anochetusgnomulus Bernard, 1953b: 214, fig. 6 (w.) GUINEA. Junior synonym of katonae: Brown, 1978c: 557.

fig. 15 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER. faurei. Anochetusfaurei Arnold, 1948: 215, fig. 4 (w.)

Anochetus: Brown, 1953h: 2. fricatus. Anochetus fricatus Wilson, 1959a: 506 (w.)

ineditus. Anochetus ineditus Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 360. Unnecessary second replacement name for Anochetus jacobsoni Menozzi, 1939b: 178. inermis. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) inermis Andre, 1889: 221 (w.) TRINIDAD. Forel, 1897b: 298 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 60 (1.). Senior synonym of meinerti: Brown, 1978c: 557. Hntermedius. *Anochetus intermedius De Andrade, 1994: 13, fig. 16 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER.

(w.q.) PHILIPPINES. indicus. Anochetus sedilloti var. indicus Forel, 1900c: 61 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Junior synonym of sedilloti: Brown, 1978c: 559.

1914d: 331 (q.) CAMEROUN. Junior synonym of

(w.) SRI LANKA. Senior synonym of butteli: Brown, 1978c: 557. longispinus. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) haytianus subsp. longispina Wheeler, W.M. 1936b: 196 (w.) HAITI. Raised to species: Brown, 1978c: 6 1 1 . Hucidus. *Anochetus lucidus De Andrade, 1994: 19, fig. 19 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER. madagascarensis. Anochetus africanus var. madagascarensis Forel, 1887: 382 (w.) MADAGAS­ CAR. Raised to species, and senior s y n o n y m of friederichsi: Brown, 1978c: 557.

madaraszi. Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1 8 9 7 : 4 2 4 (w.) SRI LANKA. Forel, 1900c: 61 (q.m.); Imai etal. 1984: 5 (k.). See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 590. madecassus. Anochetus madecassus Santschi, 1928d: 54 (q.) MADAGASCAR. J u n i o r s y n o n y m oi grandidieri: B r o w n , 1978c: 557. maynei. Anochetus pellucidus var. maynei Forel, 1913h: 347 (q.) ZAIRE. B r o w n , 1978c: 601 (w.). Raised to species: B r o w n , 1978c: 557. mayri. Anochetus mayri Emery, 1884a: 3 7 8 (diagnosis in key) (w.) ANTILLES IS. Emery, 1890a: 65 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1964b: 455 (1.). Senior s y n o n y m of laeviusculus: B r o w n , 1978c: 557 (see also p . 617). meinerti. Anochetus inermis var. meinerti Forel, 1905b: 156 (w.) VENEZUELA. Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 323 (q.m.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of inermis: B r o w n , 1978c: 557. menozzii. Anochetus menozzii Donislhorpe, 1941k: 237. Replacement n a m e for jacobsoni Menozzi, 1939b: 178. [Junior primary h o r n o n y m oi jacobsoni Forel, 191 l b : 193.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rugosus: Brown, 1978c: 558. micans. Anochetusmicans B r o w n , 1978c: 557 (w.) COSTA RICA. [First available use of Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) emarginatus subsp. testaceus var. micans Forel, 1908b: 36; unavailable n a m e . ] minans. Anochetus minans M a n n , 1 9 2 2 : 1 7 (w.) HON­ DURAS. minutus. Anochetus minutus Karavaiev, 1925c: 288, fig. 10 (w.q.) WEST MALAYSIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of graejfei: Wilson, 1959a: 507. mixtus. Anochetus mixtus R a d c h e n k o , 1993a: 77, figs. 3 5 (w.) VIETNAM. modicus. Anochetus modicus Brown, 1978c: 582 (w.q.m.) BORNEO. Imai, Kubota et al. 1 9 8 5 : 4 7 (k.). mordax. Anochetus mordax Donisthorpe, 1942d: 452 (w.) INDIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rufus: B r o w n , 1978c: 558.

occidentalis. Anochetus punctatus var. occidentalis Santschi, 1914d: 330 (w.) CAMEROUN. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of katonae: B r o w n , 1978c: 557. oceaniaa. Anochetus punctiventris subsp. oceanicus Emery, 1897c: 597 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Emery, 1914f: 400 (q.m.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of graeffei: Wil­ son, 1959a: 507.

o n y m of rossi Donisthorpe, above.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of isolatus: B r o w n , 1978c: 557. rothschildi. Anochetus rothschildi Forel, 1907c: 129 (W.m.) SOMALIA. rudis. Anochetus rudis Emery, 1889b: 4 9 9 (w.) BURMA. Subspecies of punctiventris: Forel, 1900c: 60; Emery,

opaciventris. Anochetus opaciventris Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 98 (w.) ZAIRE. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of bequaerti: B r o w n , 1978c: 556.

4 1 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of graeffei: B r o w n , 1978c: 577. rufus. Odontomachus rufus Jerdon, 1 8 5 1 : 116 (w.)

orchidicola. Anochetus orchidicola B r o w n , 1978c: 619 (w.) MEXICO. oriens. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) oriens Kempf, 1964f: 240, figs. 2, 6, 10, 13 (w.) BRAZIL. orientalis. Anochetus orientalis Andre, 1 8 8 7 : 2 9 1 (w.) VIETNAM. See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 594. pangens. Formicapangens Walker, 1859: 371 (m.) SRI LANKA. Combination in Euponera (Brachyponera): Donisthorpe, 1932b: 575; in Anochetus: B r o w n , 1978c: 558. paripungens.

Anochetus paripungens B r o w n , 1978c:

596, fig. 35 (w.) AUSTRALIA. parvus. Anochetus parvus Santschi, 1914d: 330 (w.) NIGERIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of katonae: B r o w n , 1978c: 557. pasteuri. Anochetuspasteuri Santschi, 1 9 2 3 e : 2 6 5 (w.q.) ZAIRE. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of africanus: B r o w n , 1978c: 556. pellucidus.

Anochetus pellucidus Emery, 1902d: 33 (w.)

CAMEROUN. Senior s y n o n y m of aurifrons: Brown, 1978c: 558 (see also p . 605). peracer. Anochetus peracer Brown,

1978c: 579, figs. 40,

53 (w.) NEW GUINEA. princeps. Anochetus princeps Emery, 1884a: 379 (diag­ nosis in key) (w.) JAVA. B r o w n , 1978c: 577 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 61 (1.). Senior s y n o n y m of jacobsoni Forel, laeta, serratus and taipingensis: B r o w n , 1964d: 2 1 3 . pubescens. Anochetus pubescens Brown,

* 1978c: 607,

191 I d : 109. Retained as species: Bingham, 1903:

INDIA. Combination in Anochetus: Emery, 1892d: 5 6 1 . Senior s y n o n y m of mordax: B r o w n , 1978c: 558 (see also p . 593). ruginotus. Anochetus ruginotus Stitz, 1 9 2 5 : 1 1 4 (w.) PHILIPPINES. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of graeffei: B r o w n , 1978c: 557. rugosus. Odontomachus rugosus Smith, F. 1857a: 65 (w.) SINGAPORE. Wheeler,G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976: 61 (1.). Combination in Anochetus: Emery, 1911 d: 109. Senior s y n o n y m of beccarii: B r o w n , 1964d: 214; of ineditus a n d menozzii: Brown, 1978c: 558. See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 575. rugosus. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) emarginatus r. rugosus Emery, 1890a: 63 (w.) BRAZIL. M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 1 8 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 645 (1.). [Unresolved j u n i o r secondary h o m o n y m of Odontomachus rugosus Smith, above.] J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of emarginatus: Kempf, 1964f: 2 3 8 . schoutedeni. Anochetus schoutedeni Santschi, 1923e: 264 (w.) ZAIRE. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of obscuratus: B r o w n , 1978c: 5 5 8 . sedilloti. Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884a: 377, fig. (w.) TUNISIA. Forel, 1907b: 202 (m.); Santschi, 1907: 325 (m.). Senior s y n o n y m of indicus: B r o w n , 1978c: 559 (see also p . 594). seminiger. Anochetus seminiger Donisthorpe, 1943a: 170 (w.) NEW GUINEA. serratus. Anochetus serratus Stitz, 1 9 2 5 : 1 1 3 (w.) JAVA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of princeps: B r o w n , 1964d: 2 1 3 .

muzziolii. Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi, 1932d: 4, fig. 2 (w.) SUMATRA. See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 576.

figs. 10, 16 (w.) ZIMBABWE. punctaticeps. Anochetus punctaticeps Mayr, 1901b: 4

silvaticus. Anochetussilvaticus Bernard, 1953b: 212, fig. 5 (w.q.) GUINEA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of traegaordhi: Brown, I964d:215.

myops. Anochetus myops Emery, 1893e: 2 0 1 , pi. 8, figs. 1 1 , 1 2 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA.

(w.) SOUTH AFRICA. See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 606. punctatus. Anochetus punctatus Santschi, 1914e: 13 (w.)

simoni. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) simoni Emery, 1890a: 64 (w.) VENEZUELA. See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 6 1 3 .

natalensis. Anochetus natalensis Arnold, 1 9 2 6 : 2 1 5 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 6 0 3 . neglectus. Anochetus mayri subsp. neglectus Emery, 1894c: 188 (w.q.) BRAZIL. Raised to species, senior s y n o n y m of australis, a n d material of the unavail­ able n a m e nobilis referred h e r e : B r o w n , 1978c: 558.

SOUTH AFRICA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of katonae: Brown, 1978c: 557. punctiventris. Anochetus punctiventris Mayr, 1 8 7 9 : 6 5 9 (w.) INDIA. Forel, 1900c: 63 (q.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of graeffei: Wilson, 1959a: 507. pupulatus. Anochetus pupulatus B r o w n , 1978c: 5 9 1 ,

nietneri. Odontomachus nietneriRoger, 1861a: 2 3 (w.) SRI LANKA. Combination in Anochetus: Mayr, 1865: 63 (footnote). See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 5 9 3 .

figs. 1 4 , 2 1 , 2 2 (w.) INDIA. quadrispinosus. Odontomachus quadrispinosus Smith, F.

nobilis. Anochetus mayri st. neglectus var. nobilis Santschi, 1925e: 155 (m.) ARGENTINA. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to neglectus by B r o w n , 1978c: 558.

s y n o n y m of emarginatus: Roger, 1862c: 2 8 9 . rectangularis. Anochetus rectangularis Mayr, 1876: 86

obscuratus. Anochetus madagascarensis var. obscurata Santschi, 191 l c : 351 (w.q.) TANZANIA. Variety of africanus:Emery, 191 Id: 108; Santschi, 1914b: 56. Raised to species: Santschi, 1923e: 2 6 5 . Senior syn­ o n y m of schoutedeni a n d ustus: B r o w n , 1978c: 558 (see also p . 602).

B r o w n , 1978c: 558 (see also p . 597). risii. Anochetus risii Forel, 1900c: 60 (w.) HONG

obscurior. Anochetus obscurior Brown, 1978c: 558 (w.) INDIA. [First available use of Anochetus orientalis r. kanariensis var. obscurior Forel, 1900c: 62; unavail­ able n a m e . ]

1858b: 7 8 , pi. 5, figs. 1 5 - 1 7 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r

(w.) AUSTRALIA. Senior s y n o n y m of diabolus:

KONG. Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 84 (m.); Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 8 (q.). Senior s y n o n y m of gracilis: Brown, 1978c: 558 (see also p . 577). rossi. Anochetus rossi Donisthorpe, 1947d: 186 (w.q.) N E W GUINEA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of cato: Wilson, 1959a: 504. rossi. Anochetus rossi Donisthorpe, 1949c: 747 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA. [Unresolved j u n i o r primary h o m ­

siphneus. Anochetus siphneus B r o w n , 1978c: 608, figs. 11, 19 (w.) IVORY COAST. smithii. Odontomachus smithii Roger, 1863b: 2 1 . Combi­ n a t i o n in Anochetus: Forel, 1911e: 250. [Unneces­ sary replacement n a m e for tyrannicus Smith, F. 1861b: 44.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of gladiator: B r o w n , 1978c: 556. splendens. Anochetussplendens Karavaiev, 1925c: 289, fig. 11 (q.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of isolatus: B r o w n , 1978c: 557. splendidulus. Anochetus splendidulus Yasumatsu, 1940b: 313, fig. 2 (w.q.) CAROLINA IS. striatulus. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) emarginatus r. striatulaEmery, 1890a: 64 (w.) COSTARICA. Raised to species: B r o w n , 1978c: 559 (see also p . 610). strigatellus. Anochetus strigatellus Brown, 1978c: 582 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. subcoecus. Anochetussubcoecus Forel, 1912a: 46 (w.) TAIWAN.-See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 590. subfasciatus. Anochetus cato var. subfasciatus M a n n , 1919: 301 (w.q.m.) SOLOMON IS. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of cato: Wilson, 1959a: 504.

Species-Group Taxa

65

ANOCHETUS

(continued)

sudanicus. Anochetus sudanicus Weber, 1942a: 47, fig. 7 (w.) SUDAN. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of gratilicomis: Brown, 1964d:215. taipingensis. Anochetus jacobsoni var. taipingensis: Forel, 1913k: 18 (w.m.) WEST MALAYSIA. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of princeps: Brown, 1 9 6 4 d : 2 1 3 . taiwaniensis. Anochetus taiwaniensis Terayama, 1989a: 26, figs. 1-6 (w.) TAIWAN. talpa. Anochetus to/pa Forel, 1901f: 351 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. targionii. Anochetus targioniiEmery,

1894c: 187 (w.)

BOLIVIA. See also: Brown, 1978c: 616. taylori. Anochetus punctiventris r. taylori Forel, 1900c: 63 (w.) INDIA. Raised to species: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 4 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of graeffei: B r o w n , 1978c: 557. testaceus. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) emarginatus r. testaceus Forel, 1893g: 356 (w.m.) ANTILLES. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 646 (1.). Raised to species: B r o w n , 1978c: 559 (see also p . 610). traegaordhi. Anochetus traegaordhi Mayr, 1904b: 2 (w.) SUDAN. Senior s y n o n y m of silvaticus: B r o w n , 1964d: 2 1 5 ; of angusticomis a n d gratilicomis (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m sudanicus): B r o w n , 1978c: 559 (see also p . 598). tua. Anochetus tua B r o w n , 1978c: 580, figs. 1, 29 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. turneri. Anochetus turneri Vote), 1900b: 55 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Senior s y n o n y m of latunei: B r o w n , 1978c: 559. tyrannicus. Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, F. 1861b: 44, pi. 1, fig. 4 (w.) SULAWESI. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, F. 1859a: 144.] Combination in Anochetus, a n d senior s y n o n y m of Anochetus gladiator: Dalla Torre, 1893: 4 8 ; h e n c e gladiator first available replacement n a m e . See also: B r o w n , 1978c: 574. ustus. Anochetus schoutedeni var. ustus Santschi, I 9 2 3 e : 265 (w.) ZAIRE. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of obscuratus: B r o w n , 1978c: 5 5 8 . vatlensis. Anochetus vallensis Lattke, 1987a: 355, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.) COLOMBIA. variegatus. Anochetus cato var. variegatus Donisthorpe, 1938d: 597 (w.) N E W GUINEA. Raised to species: Wilson, 1959a: 509. vexator. Anochetus (Stenomyrmex) vexator Kempf, 1964f: 243, figs. 3, 7, 11, 15 (w.) BRAZIL. yerburyi. Anochetusyerburyi Forel, 1900c: 62 (w.) SRI LANKA. Imai etal. 1984: 5 (k.). yunnanensis. Anochetus yunnanensis Wang, M. 1993a: 226, fig. 7 (w.) CHINA. ANOMALOMYRMA

(Borneo)

taylori. Anomalomyrma taylori Bolton, 1990b: 279, fig. 7 (q.) BORNEO. #AJVOMMA: see u n d e r

DORYLUS.

ANONYCHOMYRMA (Indo-Australian, Australia) anguliceps. Iridomyrmex anguliceps ForA, 1901b: 18 (q.m.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. angusta. Iridomyrmex angustus Stitz, 1911a: 369, fig. 15 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13.

66

Species-Group Taxa

arcadia. Iridomyrmex arcadius Forel, 1915b: 82 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 1 3 . ^ballaratensis. Iridomyrmex itinerans var. ballaratensis Forel, 1902h: 472 (w.m.) AUSTRALIA. Combina­ tion in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. Sub­ species of itinerans: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 0 0 . #batesi. Iridomyrmex scrutator subsp. batesiForel, 1911e: 283 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 14. biconvexa. Iridomyrmex biconvexus Santschi, 1928e: 4 7 1 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. Senior s y n o n y m oifoetans: B r o w n , 1954i: 67. [Misspelled as triconvexusby Baroni Urbani, 1977e: 76.] *constricta. *Hypoclinea constricta Mayr, 1868c: 60, pi. 3, figs. 50, 51 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). C o m bination in Bothriomyrmex: Dalla Torre, 1893: 170; in Iridomyrmex: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 88; in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. ^contenta. Iridomyrmexdimorphus subsp. contenta Viehmeyer, 1 9 1 3 : 1 4 6 (w., in copal) SULAWESI. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. Udepilis. Iridomyrmex itinerans var. depilis Forel, 1902h: 4 7 1 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Subspecies of itinerans: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 100. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. dimorpha. Iridomyrmex dimorphus Viehmeyer, 1912: 7, fig. 7 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Donisthorpe, 1941h: 60 (m.). Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13.Redescriptionof w . : M a n n , 1919: 3 6 3 . Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus contenta. foetans. Iridomyrmexfoetans Clark, 1929: 122, pi. 1, fig. 4 (w.) AUSTRALIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of biconvexa: Brown, 1954i: 6 7 . fornicata. Iridomyrmex fomicatus Emery, 1914b: 185, fig. 4 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. froggatti. Iridomyrmex froggatti Forel, 1902h: 4 7 0 (q.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. gigantea. Iridomyrmex giganteus Donisthorpe, 1943d: 456 (q.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. gilberti. Iridomyrmexgilberti Forel, 1902h: 4 7 0 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. glabrata. Tapinoma glabrata Smith, F. 1857a: 58 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Combination in Iridomyrmex: Mayr, 1886c: 356; in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. incisa. Iridomyrmexincisa Stitz, 1932b: 734, fig. 1 (w.q.) SUMATRA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. itinerans. Formica itinerans Lowne, 1865a: 2 7 8 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Forel, 1913g: 189 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1966: 729 (1.); Crozier, 1 9 6 9 : 2 4 9 (k.). Combination in Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1870b: 955; in Iridomyrmex: Emery, 1887a: 249; in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus ballaratensis, depilis, perthensis. longicapitata. Iridomyrmex longicapitatus Donisthorpe, 1947c: 587 (q.) NEW GUINEA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13.

longiceps. Iridomyrmex longiceps Forel, 1907a: 27 (q.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. malandana. Iridomyrmex innocens r. malandanus Forel, 1915b: 81 (w.) AUSTRALIA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Anonychomyrma, a n d raised to species: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. minuta. Iridomyrmex minutus Donisthorpe, 1943a: 171 (w.) N E W GUINEA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 14. murina. IridomyrmexmurinusEmery, 1911b: 536, fig. 4 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 14. myrmex. Anonychomyrma myrmex Donisthorpe, 1947c: 589 (m.) N E W GUINEA. nitidiceps. Iridomyrmex nitidiceps Andre, 1896b: 2 5 8 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Forel, I 9 0 7 h : 292 (m.). Combina­ tion in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 14. Sub­ species of itinerans: Forel, 1902h: 4 7 2 ; Emery, 191 Id: 2 5 . Revived status as species: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 0 1 . See also: Shattuck, 1 9 9 4 : 7 . Xperthensis. Iridomyrmex itinerans r. perthensis Forel, 1902h: 4 7 2 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 13. polita. Iridomyrmexpolitus Stitz, 1912: 508, fig. 10 (w.) INDONESIA (Seram I.). Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 14. procidua. Formicaprotidua Erichson, 1 8 4 2 : 2 5 9 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Liometopum: Roger, 1863b: 14; in Iridomyrmex Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 6 9 ; in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck & McArthur, 1995 (in press). See also: Shattuck, 1992a: 16. purpurescens. Formica purpurescens Lowne, 1865b: 331 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 14. *samlandica. * Iridomyrmex samlandicusVfheelet, W.M. I 9 I 5 h : 9 1 , f i g s . 4 3 , 4 4 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 14. scrutator. Formica scrutator Smith, F. 1859a: 138 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Karavaiev, 1926d: 439 (q.m.). Combination in Iridomyrmex: Emery, 1887a: 250; in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 14. Current sub­ species: n o m i n a l plus batesi. sellata. Iridomyrmex sellatus Stitz, 1911a: 369, fig. 16 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 14. tigris. Iridomyrmextigris Stitz, 1912: 507, fig. 9 (q.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Anonychomyrma: Shattuck, 1992a: 14. triconvexus; see u n d e r

biconvexa.

ANOPLOLEPIS (Afrotropical, Malagasy; tramp-species) ^angolensis. Anoplolepis (Mesanoplolepis) trimeni var. angolensis Santschi, 1930b: 72 (w.) ANGOLA. berthoudi. Formica berthoudiForel, 1876: 33 (w.) LESOTHO. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of custodiens: Forel, 1879a: 9 1 . #biskrensis. Anoplolepis (Anoplolepis) simulans var. biskrensis: Karavaiev, 1931a: 309 (w.) ALGERIA. bothae. Plagiolepis bothae Forel, 1907g: 86 (q.m.) KENYA. Combination in Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis): Wheeler, W.M. 1922: 930; in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17. braunsi. Plagiolepis braunsi Forel, 1913a: 141 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in Plagiolepis

(Anoplolepis): Santschi, 1914b: 123; in Plagiolepis (Zealleyella): Arnold, 1922: 592; in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17. Junior synonym of steingroeveri: Prins, 1 9 8 2 : 2 1 7 . Candida. Anoplolepis (Tapinolepis) Candida Santschi, 1928f:210 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. carinata. Plagiolepis carinata Emery, 1 8 9 9 e : 4 9 1 (w.q.) CAMEROUN. Combination in Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis): Santschi, 1914b: 123; in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17. custodiens. Formica custodiens Smith, F. 1858b: 33 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Mayr, 1895: 148 (m.); Emery, 1895h: 4 4 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 135 (1.). Combination in Plagiolepis: Emery, 1892a: 117; i n Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis): Santschi, 1914b: 123; in Plagiolepis (Zealleyella): Arnold, 1922: 586; in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17. Senior synonym of hendecarthrus: Mayr, 1865: 54; of berthoudi: Forel, 1879a: 9 1 . See also: Prins, 1 9 8 2 : 2 1 8 . Current sub­ species: nominal plus detrita, hirsuta, pilipes. deceptor. Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis) deceptor Arnold, 1922: 597 (w.) ZIMBABWE. Combination in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17; in Anoplolepis (Mesanoplolepis): Santschi, 1926a: 14. decolor. Plagiolepis decolor Emery, 1895h: 4 4 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Forel, 1910f:23 (q.m.). Combina­ tion in Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis): Arnold, 1922: 599; in Anoplolepis:Emery, 1925b: 17';in Anoplolepis (Mesanoplolepis): Santschi, 1926a: 14. #detrita. Plagiolepis custodiens var. detrita Emery, 1892a: 118 (w.) SOMALIA. Combination in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17. fallax. Plagiolepis fallax Mayr, 1865: 54 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Forel, 1910f: 2 4 (q.). Combination in Plagiolepis (Zealleyella): Arnold, 1922: 589; i n Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17. Race of custodiens: Mayr, 1893: 5; Arnold, 1922: 589. Revived status as species: Emery, 1925b: 17. tigertrudae. Plagiolepis steingroeveri r. gertrudae Forel, 1900b: 77 (w.) REUNION I. Combinationin Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 18. gracilipes. Formicagracilipes Smith, F. 1857a: 55 (w.) SINGAPORE. Mayr, 1867a: 7 3 (q.). Combinationin Prenolepis: Mayr, 1862: 698; in Plagiolepis, and senior synonym of trifasciata: Mayr, 1867a: 73. Junior syn­ o n y m of longipes Jerdon: Emery, 1887a: 247; hence first available replacement name for Formica longipes Jerdon, 1851: 122. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of Formice longipes Latreille, 1802c: 233 (now in Pheidole).] hendecarthrus. Camponotus hendecarthrusRoger, 1863a: 132 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. Junior synonym of custodiens: Mayr, 1865: 54. tthirsuta. Plagiolepis custodiens var. hirsuta Emery, 1892a: 118 (w.) SOMALIA. Combination in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17. ^karrooensis. Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis) trimeni var. karrooensis Arnold, 1922: 597 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 18. litoralis. Anoplolepis (Mesanoplolepis) litoralis Arnold, 1958: 124 (w.) ZIMBABWE. longipes. Formica longipes Jerdon, 1 8 5 1 : 1 2 2 (w.) INDIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 132 (1.); Imai, Brown, etal. 1984: 68 (k.). Combinationin

Plagiolepis: Emery, 1887a: 247; in Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis): Santschi, 1914b: 123; in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17. See also: Baker, 1 9 7 6 : 2 5 3 ; Haines & Haines, 1978: 109; Rao & Veeresh, 1991: 2 6 1 . [Junior primary h o m o n y m of Formica longipes Latreille, 1802c: 233 (now in Pheidole).] Replace­ ment name: Formica gracilipes Smith, F. 1857a: 55. [Note: this name is the oldest available junior syn­ o n y m of longipes Jerdon (synonymy by Emery, 1887a: 247; confirmed by examination of syntypic workers), and hence is first available replacement name.] macgregori. Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis) macgregori Arnold, 1922: 598 (w.) ZIMBABWE. Combinationin Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17. macrophthalma. Anoplolepis macrophthalma Arnold, 1962: 844, fig. 1 (w.q.m.) ZIMBABWE. mediterranea. Plagiolepis mediterranea Mayr, 1866a: 4 9 3 (w.) EGYPT. Combination in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17. melanaria. Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis) melanaria Arnold, 1922: 599 (w.) ZIMBABWE. Combinationin Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 18; in Anoplolepis (Mesanoplolepis): Santschi, 1926a: 14. Current sub­ species: nominal plus ochraceoti.ncta. nuptialis. Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis) nuptialis Santschi, 1917b: 289 (m.) SOUTH AFRICA. Prins, 1982: 2 2 2 (q.). Combination in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 18; inAnoplolepis (Zealleyella): Santschi, 1926a: 14. #ochraceotincta. Anoplolepis (Mesanoplolepis) melanaria subsp. ochraceotincta Arnold, 1949: 268 (w.) ZIMBABWE. opaciventris. Plagiolepis opaciventris Emery, 1899e: 492 (q.) GABON. Combination in Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 934; in Anoplolepis-.Emery, 1925b: 18. ttparsonsi. Anoplolepis (Zealleyella) braunsi st. parsonsi Santschi, 1937g: 83 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Subspe­ cies of steingroeveri: current status. pernix. Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis) pemix Viehmeyer, 1923: 92 (w.) SUDAN. Combination in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 18. #pilipes. Plagiolepis custodiens var. pilipes Emery, 1892a: 118 (w.) SOMALIA. Combination in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 17. rufescens. Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis) rufescens Santschi, 1917b: 289 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 18; in Anoplolepis (Zealleyella): Santschi, 1926a: 14. simulans. Plagiolepissimulans Santschi, 1908: 531, fig. 11 (w.q.m.) TUNISIA. Combination in Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis): Santschi, 1914b: 123; in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 18; in Anoplolepis (Mesanoplolepis): Santschi, 1926a: 14. Current subspecies: nominal plus biskrensis. steingroeveri. Plagiolepis steingroeveri Forel, 1894b: 72 (w.) NAMIBIA. Emery, 1895h: 4 4 (q.); Arnold, 1922: 591 (q.m.). Combination in Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis): Santschi, 1914b: 123; in Plagiolepis (Zealleyella): Arnold, 1922: 590; in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 18; in Anoplolepis (Zealleyella): Santschi, 1926a: 14. Senior synonym of braunsi: Prins, 1982: 217. Current subspecies: norninal plus gertrudae, parsonsi.

tenella. Plagiolepis tenella Santschi, 1911c: 364 (w.) CONGO. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1911g: 210.] Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 2 1 4 (q.m.). Combina­ tion in Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis): Santschi, 1914b: 123; in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 18. trifasciata. Formica trifasciata Smith, F. 1858b: 27 (q.) JAVA. Junior synonym of gracilipes: Mayr, 1867a: 73. trimenii. Plagiolepis trimeniiForel, 1895g: 4 3 0 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Arnold, 1922: 596 (q.). Combina­ tion in Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis): Arnold, 1922: 595; in Anoplolepis: Emery, 1925b: 18; in Anoplolepis (Mesanoplolepis): Santschi, 1930b: 72. Current sub­ species: norninal plus angolensis, karrooensis. tumidula. Plagiolepis (Anoplolepis) tumidula Emery, 1915g: 19, fig. 10 (w.m.) ETHIOPIA. Combination in Anoplolepis (Tapinolepis): Emery, 1925b: 18. EXCURSUS S p e c i e s - r a n k t a x a o f ANOPLOLEPIS, g r o u p e d by subgenus. ^ANOPLOLEPIS: bothae, carinata, deceptor, gracilipes, macgregori, mediterranea, opaciventris, pernix, tenella. ^MESANOPLOLEPIS: decolor, litoralis, macrophthalma, melanaria, simulans, trimenii. ^TAPINOLEPIS: Candida, tumidula. HZEALLEYELLA: custodiens, fallax, nuptialis, rufescens, steingroeveri.

#ANOPLOMYRMA: see under POLYRHACHIS. ANTICHTHONIDRIS (Chile, Argentina) bidentata. Monomorium bidentatum Mayr, 1887: 616 (w.q.) CHILE. Snelling, 1975: 5 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1980: 533 (1.). Combination in Monomorium (Notomyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 169; in Notomyrmex: Kusnezov, 1960b: 345; in Nothidris: Ettershank, 1966:107; in Antichthonidris: Snelling, 1975: 6. Senior synonym of piceonigrum: Kusnezov, 1960b: 345. See also: Kusnezov, 1949a: 4 3 1 . denticulata. Monomorium denticulatum Mayr, 1887: 614 (w.q.) CHILE. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1980: 532 (1.). Combination in Monomorium (Notomyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 169; in Notomyrmex: Kusnezov, 1960b: 347; in Nothidris: Ettershank, 1966: 107; in Antichthonidris: Snelling, 1975: 6. Senior s y n o n y m of inerme: Kusnezov, 1949a: 432; of navarinensis and picea: Kusnezov, 1960b: 347. inerme. Monomorium (Notomyrmex) denticulatum subsp. inerme Borgmeier, 1948b: 469, figs. 18, 19 (w.) ARGENTINA. Junior synonym of denticulata: Kusnezov, 1949a: 4 3 2 . navarinensis. Monomorium denticulatum var. navarinensis Forel, 1904g: 7 (q.) CHILE. Combinationin Monomorium (Notomyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 169. Junior synonym of denticulata: Kusnezov, 1960b: 347. picea. Monomorium denticulatum var. picea Emery, 1906c: 120 (w.) CHILE. Combination in Monomor­ ium (Notomyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 169. Junior syn­ o n y m of denticulata: Kusnezov, 1960b: 347. piceonigrum. Monomorium (Notomyrmex) bidentatum subsp. piceonigrum Borgmeier, 1948b: 468, figs. 16, 17 (w.) ARGENTINA. Junior synonym of bidentata: Kusnezov, 1960b: 345.

Species-Group Taxa

67

ANTILLAEMYRMEX: see u n d e r APEDUNCULATA: see u n d e r APHAENOGASTER

LEPTOTHORAX. PSEUDOMYRMEX.

(Worldwide except Afrotropical)

aciculata Smith, F. 1874; see u n d e r MESSOR. acoreensis. Aphaenogaster senilis var. acoreensis Santschi, 1933a: 21 (q.) AZORES IS. [Also described as n e w b y Santschi, 1933c: 397.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m oisenilis: Yarrow, 1 9 6 7 : 2 6 . aegyptiaca Emery, 1878; see u n d e r MESSOR. #afra. Aphaenogaster (Aphaenogaster) depilis var. afra Santschi, 1933c: 395, fig. 32 (w.m.) ALGERIA. Sub­ species of depilis: Cagniant, 1968a: 142. alabamensis. Aphaenogaster treatae subsp. pluteicornis var. alabamensis Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, E.W. 1 9 3 4 : 1 0 (w.q.) U.S.A. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to treatae by Creighton, 1950a: 153. albisetosa. Aphaenogaster albisetosa Mayr, 1886d: 446 (w.) U.S.A. Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 350 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953b: 70 (\.). Combination in Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Emery, 1895c: 306; in Novomessor: Emery, 1915d: 7 3 ; in Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1974b: 4 7 . Senior s y n o n y m of minor E n z m a n n : Brown, 1949a: 4 9 . See also: Holldobler, Stanton & Engel, 1976: 32; Holldobler, Stanton & Markl, 1978: 163; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1360; Bolton, 1982: 340. andrei Mayr, 1886; see u n d e r MESSOR. #angulata. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) famelica subsp. angulata Viehmeyer, 1 9 2 2 : 2 0 6 (w.) CHINA. anguliceps. Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) longiceps subsp. ruginota var. anguliceps Viehmeyer, 1924b: 311 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Unavailable n a m e (Taylor, 1986: 34). angusta. Aphaenogaster angusta Santschi, 1925g: 340, fig. 1 (w.) SPAIN. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of iberica: Espadaler, 1983: 226. annandalei.

Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma)

annandalei

Mukerjee, 1 9 3 0 : 1 5 1 , fig. 1 (w.) INDIA. #anoemica. Aphaenogaster sardoa var. anoemica Santschi, 1910a: 4 3 (q.) MOROCCO. aquia. Myrmica (Monomorium) aquia Buckley, 1867: 341 (w.q.) U.S.A. Combination in Aphaenogaster, a n d j u n i o r s y n o n y m of fulva: Mayr, 1886c: 365. Revived from s y n o n y m y as subspecies of fulva: Emery, 1895c: 304. Unrecognisable t a x o n in Aphaenogaster: Creighton, 1950a: 148; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1363.

Raised to species, a n d senior s y n o n y m of harnedi: Creighton, 1950a: 142. atlantis. Aphaenogaster (Aphaenogaster) praedo var. atlantis Santschi, 1929e: 139 (w.) MOROCCO. Cagniant, 1990b: 125 (q.m.). Raised to species: Cagniant, 1990b: 123. atra. Aphaenogaster (Planimyrma) loriai var. atra Stitz, 1938: 101 (w.m.) NEW GUINEA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of loriai: Smith, M.R. 1961b: 2 2 3 . *avita. *Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) avita Fujiyama, 1970: 67, pi. 15, figs. 2, 3 (q.) JAPAN (Miocene). Uazteca. Aphaenogaster fulva var. azteca E n z m a n n , J. 1947b: 150 (w.) MEXICO. [First available u s e of Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) fulvum subsp. aquia var. aztecum Emery, 1895c: 305; unavailable n a m e . ] bakeri. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) patruele subsp. bakeri Wheeler, W.M. 1904d: 270 (w.) U.S.A. Combina­ tion in Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1916h: 143; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of patruelis: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1362. balcanica. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) testaceopilosa var. balcanica Emery, 1898c: 136 (w.) ALBANIA. Menozzi, 1936d: 271 (q.m.l.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster:Vore\,

1911d: 346. Variety of

simonellii: Santschi, 1933c: 390. Raised to species: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 5 3 . barbarastructor Dalla Torre, 1893; see u n d e r MESSOR. barbigula. Aphaenogaster (Nystalomyrma) barbigula Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 2 2 1 , pi. 2 1 , figs. 7-9 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Forel, 1918a: 720 (m.). barcinensis. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) gibbosa var. barcinensis Menozzi, 1922b: 325 (w.q.) SPAIN. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of gibbosa: Collingwood, 1978: 67. baronii. Aphaenogaster baronii Cagniant, 1988c: 4 3 , figs. 1-5 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO. beccarii. Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) beccarii Emery, 1887b: 456, pi. 1, fig. 12 (w.q.m.) SUMATRA. Imai, etal. 1984: 6 (k.). Combination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 7 1 . See also: Bingham, 1903:271. beesoni. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) beesoni Donisthorpe, 1933a: 2 4 (w.) INDIA. belti. Aphaenogaster belti Forel, 1895c: 2 4 8 (w.) MADA­ GASCAR. Combination in Brunella: Forel, 1917: 234; in Atopula: Emery, 1915d: 68; in Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 341 (see also p . 364). *berendti Mayr, 1868; see u n d e r STENAMMA.

aralocaspia Ruzsky, 1902; see u n d e r MESSOR.

bland Andre, 1881; see u n d e r

araneoides. Aphaenogaster araneoides Emery, 1890b: 48, pi. 5, fig. f8 (w.) COSTA RICA. Borgmeier, 1949: 206 (m.). [Also described as n e w by Emery, 1894k: 54.] Combination in Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex): Forel, 1899c: 60; in Stenamma: Forel, 1907e: 4; in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 7 1 . Cur­ rent subspecies: norninal plus canalis, inermis, nitidiventris.

borealis. Aphaenogaster subterranea subsp. borealis Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 412 (w.) CANADA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ocddentalis: Creighton, 1950a: 150.

#armeniaca. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) pallida subsp. armeniaca Amol'di, 1968: 1807 (w.) ARMENIA. Subspecies of subterraneoides: Arakelian, 1994: 33. ashmeadi. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) treatae var. ashmeadiEmery, 1895c: 302 (w.) U.S.A. Combina­ tion in Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1913c: 114; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 60.

68

Species-Group Taxa

GONIOMMA.

boulderensis. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) boulderensis Smith, M.R. 1 9 4 1 : 1 2 0 (w.) U.S.A. Current subspe­ cies: n o m i n a l plus smithi. #brevicottis. Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) phalangium var. brevicollisForel, 1899c: 59 (w.m.). Combination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1921f: 6 5 . brevicornis Mayr, 1886; see u n d e r STENAMMA. brevicornis. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) smythiesi subsp. brevicornis Menozzi, 1 9 4 1 : 17 (w.m.) CHINA. Nomen nudum.

burri. Goniomma burri Donisthorpe, 1950b: 60 (q.) TURKEY. Combination in Aphaenogaster: n e w c o m ­ bination. #cabylica. Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa r. cabylica Stitz, 1917: 3 4 1 , fig. 10 (w.) ALGERIA. Santschi, 1929e: 141 (q.); Santschi, 1939d: 67 (m.). caeciliae. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) caedliae Viehmeyer, 1922: 206 (w.) CHINA. calderoni Forel, 1914; see u n d e r MANICA. campana. Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa var. campana Emery, 1878b: 54, fig. (w.q.m.) ITALY. Retained as subspecies: Emery, 1908c: 322; Emery, 1916b: 131; Emery, 1921f: 62. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 0 0 ; Santschi, 1933c: 400; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 40. ttcanalis. Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) araneoides var. canalis E n z m a n n , J. 1947b: 149, pi. 8 (w.) PANAMA. #canescens. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) testaceopilosa subsp. canescens Emery, 1895b: 70 (w.) ALGERIA. Santschi, 1939d: 68 (m.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1908c: 322. #carbonaria. Aphaenogaster carbonaria Pergande, 1894b: 163 (w.) MEXICO. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Stenamma (Messor): Emery, 1895c: 308; in Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 516; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59. Sub­ species of patruelis: Forel, 1899c: 58; Emery, 1921f: 59. cardenai. Aphaenogaster cardenai Espadaler, 1 9 8 1 : 77, 2 figs, (w.) SPAIN. #carolinensis. Aphaenogaster texana var. carolinensis Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 4 1 4 (w.q.) U.S.A. Combina­ tion in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 60. Subspecies of texana: Creighton, 1950a: 153. cavernicola. Aphaenogaster cavemicola Donisthorpe, 1 9 3 8 e : 5 0 0 (w.) INDIA. cecconii. Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) cecconii Emery, 1894j: 7, fig. (w.) GREECE. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 7 1 . chorassanica. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) gibbosa subsp. chorassanica Arnol'di, 1 9 6 8 : 1 8 0 5 (w.q.m.) TURKMENIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of gibbosa: DIussky, S o y u n o v & Zabelin, 1 9 9 0 : 2 1 2 . #clara. Deromyrma swammerdami var. clara Santschi, 1915c: 250 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1921f: 65; Wheeler, W.M- 1922a: 1017. clara. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) subterranea var. clara Donisthorpe, 1926a: 6. Nomen nudum, attributed to Santschi. clavata Emery, 1877; see u n d e r

PHEIDOLE.

cockerelli. Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) cockerelli Andre, 1893b: 150 (w.) MEXICO. Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 350 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1960b: 10 (1.). Combination in Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex): Forel, 1901c: 128; in Novomessor: Emery, 1915d: 73; in Aphaenogaster: B r o w n , 1974b: 4 7 . Senior s y n o n y m of sonorae: Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 352. See also: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972b: 239; Holldobler, Stanton & Engel, 1976: 32; Holldobler, S t a n t o n & Markl, 1 9 7 8 : 1 6 3 ; Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 0 ; Bolton, 1982: 340. #confinis. Aphaenogaster (Aphaenogaster) praenoda var. confinis Santschi, 1933c: 399 (m.) MOROCCO.

arnica. Aphaenogaster conica Viehmeyer, 1914c: 40 (w.) SPAIN. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of iberica: viehmeyer, 1922: 205; Santschi, 1925g: 3 4 1 . continentis Forel, 1911; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. Corsica. Aphaenogaster spinosa var. Corsica Santschi, 1933c: 390 (m.) CORSICA. Nomen nudum. [Material labelled as Corsica has b e e n attributed to spinosa by Baroni Urbani, 1971d: 1039.] #crinimera. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) huachucana subsp. crinimera Cole, 1953b: 82, fig. 1 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. cristata. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) cristatus Forel, 1902c: 225 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Aphaenogas­ ter: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 7 6 ; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 57. crocea. Aphaenogaster crocea Andre, 1881a: 61 a n d x l i x (w.) ALGERIA. Emery, 1908c: 330 (q.); Cagniant, 1966c: 63 (m.). Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 57. Race oi subterranea: Emery, 1891b: 8. Revived status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 102. See also: Emery, 1916b: 130. Cur­ r e n t subspecies: norninal plus croceoides, lenis. splendidoides. ^croceoides. Aphaenogaster subterranea var. croceoides ForeL 1890a: lxxi (w.) ALGERIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 57. Vari­ ety/subspecies of crocea: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 0 2 ; Emery, 1908c: 3 3 1 . curiosa. Aphaenogaster (Aphaenogaster) gemella var. curiosa Santschi, 1933c: 4 0 3 , figs. 7 , 2 8 (m.) MOROCCO. Cagniant, 1990e: 461 (w.), 465 (q.). Raised to species: Cagniant, 1990e: 4 6 1 . Xcurta. Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) swammerdami var. curta Forel, 1891b: 169 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Com­ bination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1921f:65. Cypriotes. Aphaenogaster pallida subsp. Cypriotes Emery, 1908c: 329 (w.) CYPRUS. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of subterraneoides:Emery, 1915a: 2 5 8 . debilis Walker, 1871; see u n d e r MONOMORIUM. dejeani. Aphaenogaster dejeani Cagniant, 1 9 8 2 : 2 8 1 , figs. 1, 2 (w.m.) MOROCCO. Cagniant, 1992a: 67 (q.). depilis. Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa var. depilis Santschi, 191 li: 283 (w.) ALGERIA. Santschi, 1933c: 394 (q.m.). Raised to species: Santschi, 1933c: 3 9 3 . Cur­ r e n t subspecies: n o m i n a l plus afra, numida. depressa. Aphaenogaster depressa n e w n a m e . Replace­ m e n t n a m e for pergandei Donisthorpe, 1950d: 639. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of pergandei Mayr, 1 8 8 6 d : 4 4 8 ( n o w in Messor).] #disjuncta. Aphaenogaster senilis var. disjuncta Santschi, 1933c: 397, figs. 3, 36 (w.m.) MOROCCO. dlusskyi. Aphaenogaster dlusskyi R a d c h e n k o & Arakelian, 1 9 9 1 : 7 2 , figs. 1,2 (w.) ARMENIA. * donisthorpei. *Aphaenogaster donisthorpei Carpenter, 1930: 3 1 , pi. 7, fig. 4 (q.) U.S.A. (Miocene). dromedaria. Ischnomyrmex dromedarius Emery, 1900c: 322, pi. 8, figs. 2 3 , 2 4 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Donisthorpe, 1938b: 32 (m.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster: Viehmeyer, 1914d: 6 0 1 ; in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 7 1 ; in Aphaenogaster (Planimyrma): Emery, 192If: 66. Senior s y n o n y m of fusca a n d nigra: Smith, M.R. 1961b: 2 1 9 ,

dulciniae. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) dulciniae Emery, 1924c: 164 (w.m.) SPAIN. [First available use of Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) pallida st. subterraneoides var. dulcineae Santschi, 1919e: 2 4 5 ; unavailable n a m e . ] Santschi, 1932d: 344 (q.). Subspecies of pal­ lida: Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 5 3 . Raised to species: Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 59; Collingwood, 1978:67.

1927b: 4 3 (q.m.). Combination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 7 1 . Current subspe­ cies: n o m i n a l plus imbellis, nicobarensis, simulans. festae. Aphaenogaster splendida subsp. festae Emery, 1915h: 2 (w.) GREECE. Menozzi, 1936d: 270 (q.). Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 60. Raised to species: Arnol'di, 1976b: 1024 (in key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 53.

ecalcaratum. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) tennesseense var. ecalcaratum Emery, 1895c: 301 (w.) U.S.A. Combina­ tion in Aphaenogaster: Emery, 192If: 60. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of tennesseensis: Creighton, 1950a: 151. #etlipsoida. Aphaenogaster (Aphaenogaster) praedo var. ellipsoida Santschi, 1933c: 400, fig. 13 (w.) MOROCCO.

finzii. Aphaenogaster pallida subsp. finzii Muller, 1921: 4 7 (w.) YUGOSLAVIA. Muller, 1923: 53 (q.m.). Raised to species: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 53. See also: Finzi, 1930a: 153. #fiorii. Aphaenogaster gibbosa subsp. fiorii Emery, 1915a: 2 5 8 (w.) ITALY. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 58. See also: Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 4 9 . #flava. Aphaenogaster (Nystalomyrma) longiceps var. flava Emery, 1921f: 61 (m.) AUSTRALIA.

ensifera. Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) ensifera Forel, 1899c: 59 (w.) MEXICO. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 7 1 . Senior s y n o n y m of manni: B r o w n , 1974b: 4 6 . #epinotalis. Aphaenogaster relicta subsp. epinotalis Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , 1 9 1 4 : 2 7 , figs. 8a,b (w.) HATn. Combination in Veromessor: Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 384; in Aphaenogaster: r e v i v e d combination. epirotes. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) epirotes Emery, 1895b: 72 (w.) ALBANIA. Muller, 1923: 50 (q.m.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1908c: 336; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192 If: 58. Variety/subspecies of obsidiana: Emery, 1908c: 336; Muller, 1 9 2 1 : 4 9 ; Finzi, 1930d: 312; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 50. Revived status as species: Agosti & Col­ lingwood, 1987a: 5 3 . See also: Atanassov & DIussky, 1992: 108. iterabu. Aphaenogaster famelica subsp. erabu Nishizono & Yamane, 1990: 29, figs. 1, 2, 5 (w.q.) JAPAN. espadaleri. Aphaenogaster espadaleri Cagniant, 1984: 387, figs. 1-11 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO. Hetrusca. Aphaenogaster spinosa subsp. etrusca Baroni Urbani, 1969a: 328, fig. I (w.) ITALY. exasperata. Aphaenogaster exasperata Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 537 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 62. expolitus. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrmex [sic]) expolitus Azuma, 1950: 34, JAPAN. Nomen nudum. See Onoyama, 1980: 194. fabulosa. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) fabulosa A r n o r d i , 1968: 1803, fig. 5 (w.) TURKMENIA. fallax. Aphaenogaster fallax Cagniant, 1992c: 199, figs. 2 - 4 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO. famelica. Ischnomyrmexfamelicus Smith, F. 1 8 7 4 : 4 0 5 (w.) JAPAN. Wheeler, W.M. 1928d: 102 (q.m,); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953b: 60 (1.); Imai, 1966: 131 (k.). Combination in Aphaenogaster: Mayr, 1 8 7 9 : 6 6 9 ; i n Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex): Forel, 1901h: 6 1 ; in Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Wheeler, W.M. 1906c: 315; in Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1908c: 324; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 57. See also: Imai, 1 9 7 1 : 1 3 7 . C u r r e n t subspecies: n o m i n a l plus angulata, erabu, frontosa. faureli. Aphaenogaster crocea subsp. faureli Cagniant, 1969a: 232, figs, (w.q.m.) ALGERIA. Raised to spe­ cies: Cagniant, 1970a: 4 1 4 . feae. Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) feae Emery, 1889b: 503, pi. 11, fig, 26 (w.) BURMA. Wheeler, W.M.

flemingi. Aphaenogaster texana subsp. ftemingi Smith, M.R. 1928c: 2 7 5 (w.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972b: 2 3 8 (1.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma), a n d raised to species: Creighton, 1950a: 143. Senior s y n o n y m of macrospina: Smith, M.R. 1958a: 113. floridana. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) floridana Smith, M.R. 1 9 4 1 : 118 (w.) U.S.A Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1960b: 7 (L). friederichsi. Aphaenogaster friederichsi Forel, 1918b: 151 (w.) MADAGASCAR. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 57. ttfrontosa. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) famelica subsp. frontosa Wheeler, W.M. 1928d: 104 (w.) JAPAN. fuentei. Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa var. fuentei Medina, 1 8 9 3 : 1 0 5 (w.) SPAIN. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of senilis: Collingwood, 1978: 67. fulva. Aphaenogaster fulva Roger, 1863a: 190 (w.) U.S.A. Mayr, 1886d: 4 4 5 (q.m.). Combination in Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Emery, 1895c: 3 0 3 ; in Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 1 3 c 114; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 57. Senior s y n o n y m of rubida: B r o w n , 1949a: 4 9 . Cur­ rent subspecies: n o m i n a l plus azteca. [See also entry u n d e r pusilla.) funkikoensis. Aphaenogasterfunkikoensis Creighton, 1950a: 152 (footnote). Unnecessary (third) replace­ m e n t n a m e for silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 37. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of silvestrii Menozzi, 1929b: 282.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lepida (first replace­ m e n t n a m e ) : B r o w n , 1954d: 10. furvescens. Aphaenogaster texana vzr.furvescens Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 4 1 3 (w.q.) U.S.A. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192If: 60. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of texana: Creighton, 1950a: 152. fusca. Ischnomyrmex dromedarius var. fusca Emery, 1900c: 322 (w.) NEW GUINEA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster (Planimyrma): Emery, 1921f: 66. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of dromedaria: Smith, M.R. 1961b: 219. gatesi Wheeler, W.M. 1927; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. geei. Aphaenogastergeei Wheeler, WJVI. 1921c: 535 (w.qjn.) CHINA. Combination i n Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Wheeler, W M . 1929f;2. gemella. Attagemella Roger, 1862b: 2 6 0 (w.m.) SPAIN. Santschi, 1929e: 140 (q.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 2 9 . Subspe-

Species-Group Taxa

69

APHAENOGASTER

(continued)

des/race/stirps of testaceopilosa: Emery & Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 6 3 ; Menozzi, 1926b: 181; Santschi, 1929e: 140. Revived status as spedes: Santschi, 1933c: 401; Cagniant, 1964: 86; Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 6 1 . Current subspedes: norninal plus marocana. georgica. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) georgica Amol'di, 1968: 1804 (w.) GEORGIA. gibbosa. Formica gibbosa Latreille, 1798: 50 (w.m.) FRANCE. Emery, 1908c: 333 (q.). Combination in Aphaenogaster: Dalla Torre, 1893: 107; in Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Emery, 1895c: 303; in Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1908c: 332; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Menozzi, 1921: 26. Race of tes­ taceopilosa: Emery & Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 6 3 . Subspedes of subterranea: Dalla Torre, 1893:107; Emery, 1895b: 71. Revived status as spedes: Emery, 1908c: 332. See also: Emery, 1916b: 130; Bondroit, 1918: 157; Santschi, 1923f: 328; Stitz, 1939:116; Kutter, 1977c: 78; Attanasov & DIussky, 1992: 109. Senior synonym of striola: Emery, 1895c: 303; of barcinensis and laevior Forel: Collingwood, 1978: 67; of chorassanica and muschtaidica: DIussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1 9 9 0 : 2 1 2 . Current subspedes: nominal phisfiorii; homonyma, mauritanica.

#ichnusa. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) subterranea var. ichnusa Santschi, 1925g: 341 (w.) SARDINIA. #imbellis. Ischnomyrmex feae var. imbellis Emery, 1900d: 681 (w.) SUMATRA. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1921f: 6 5 . #inermis. Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) araneoides var. inermis Forel, 1899c: 60 (w.m.) COSTARICA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953b: 6 4 (1.). Combi­ nation in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Kempf, 1972a: 23. inermis. Aphaenogaster semipolita var. inermis Santschi, 1933c: 390 (w.) ITALY. [First available use of Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa subsp. semipolita var. inermis Emery, 1908c: 320; unavailable name.] Raised to spedes: Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 4 2 3 . [Junior primary h o m o n y m of inermis Forel, above.] Replacement name: inermita n e w n a m e , below. inermita. Aphaenogaster inermita n e w n a m e . Replace­ ment name for inermis Santschi, 1933c: 390. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of inermis Forel, 1899c: 60.]

gigantea. Aphaenogaster (Nystalomyrma) gigantea Col­ lingwood, 1962: 225, fig. 7 (w.q.) BURMA.

ionia. Aphaenogaster semipolita var. ionia Santschi, 1933c: 390 (w.) ITALY. [First available use of Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa subsp. semipolita var. ionia Emery, 1915a: 257; unavailable name.] Raised to spedes: Schembri & Collingwood, 1 9 8 1 : 4 2 3 . Senior synonym of melitensis and ionia Baroni Urbani, n e w synonymy.

gonacantha. Ischnomyrmex gonacantha Emery, 1899f: 277, fig. (w.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 7 1 .

ionia. Aphaenogaster semipolita subsp. ionia Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 422, figs. 10, 12 (w.) ITALY. Junior synonym of ionia Santschi: n e w s y n o n y m y .

gracilinodis Emery, 1878; see under MESSOR. #grata. Aphaenogaster senilis var. grata Santschi, 1933c: 397, fig. 34 (m.) SPAIN.

isekram. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) isekram Bernard, 1977: 29, fig. 1 (w.) ALGERIA.

haarlovi. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) haarlovi Colling­ wood, 1961a: 58, figs. 4, 5 (w.m.) AFGHANISTAN. hamedi. Aphaenogaster treatae subsp. harnedi Wheeler, W.M. 1919b: 50 (w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of ashmeadi: Creighton, 1950a: 142. hesperia. Aphaenogaster hesperia Santschi, 19111:284 (w.) CANARY IS. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192If: 58. hispanica Andre, 1883; see under

GONIOMMA.

holtzi. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) subterraneum subsp. holtzi Emery, 1898c: 139 (w.) TURKEY. Combina­ tion in Aphaenogaster, and raised to spedes: Emery, 1908c: 328. #homonyma. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) gibbosa var. homonyma Emery, 1921f: 58 (w.) TUNISIA. honduriana. Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) honduriana Mann, 1922: 23, fig. 11 (w.q.) HONDURAS. huachucana. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) huachucana Creighton, 1 9 3 4 : 1 8 9 (w.) U.S.A. Creighton, 1952a: 94 (q.m.). Current subspedes: norninal plus crinimera. hunanensis. Aphaenogaster hunanensis Wu & Wang, 1992: 1304, fig. 4575 (w.q.) CHINA. iberica. Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa subsp. iberica Emery, 1908c: 321, fig. 10 (w.m.) SPAIN. Raised to spedes: Bondroit, 1 9 1 8 : 1 6 2 . See also: Santschi, 1933c: 390. Senior synonym of arnica: Viehmeyer, 1922: 205; Santschi, 1925g: 341; of angusta and vieirai: Espadaler, 1983: 226. See also: Collingwood & Yarrow, 1 9 6 9 : 6 1 .

70

Species-Group Taxa

italica. Aphaenogaster strioloides var. italica Bondroit, 1 9 1 8 : 1 5 8 (w.) ITALY. [First available use of Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) gibbosa subsp. strioloides var. italica Emery, 1916b: 134; unavailable name.] Stirps of strioloides: Santschi, 1932d: 339.Raisedto spedes: Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 49. See also: Kutter, 1977c: 8 0 . januschevi. Aphaenogaster januschevi Amol'di, 1976b: 1020, figs. 1-1 (w.q.m.) RUSSIA. tijaponica. Aphaenogaster schmitzi subsp. japonica Forel, 191 l e : 267 (w.) JAPAN. Wheeler, W.M. 1928d: 102 (q.). Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192 If: 60. Subspedes of syriaca: Emery, 1921f: 60; of smythiesii: Wheeler, W.M. 1928d: 101; Nishizono & Yamane, 1990: 34. Juliana Pergande, 1894; see under MESSOR. kervillei. Aphaenogaster kervilleiVorel, 1910a: 12 (w.) LEBANON. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 58. kurdica. Aphaenogaster subterranea var. kurdica Ruzsky, 1905b: 717 (w.) RUSSIA. Combinationin Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192If: 59. Sub­ spedes of smythiesii: Emery, 1908c: 332. Raised to spedes: Amol'di, 1948: 2 1 1 . laevior. Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) longipes var. laevior Emery, 1887b: 4 5 6 (w.) SULAWESI. Combina­ tion in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 7 1 . Raised to spedes: Emery, 1888a: 532. laevior. Aphaenogaster striola var. levior Forel, 1892g: 4 5 3 (w.) SPAIN. [Unresolved junior primary h o m ­ o n y m of laevior Emery, above.] Variety of gibbosa:

Emery, 1908c: 334. Junior synonym of gibbosa: Col­ lingwood, 1978: 67. laevis. Atta laevis Mayr, 1862: 743 (q.) U.S.A. Combina­ tion in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 30. Junior syn­ o n y m of tennesseensis: Mayr, 1886d: 4 4 6 . lamellidens. Aphaenogaster lamellidens Mayr, 1886d: 4 4 4 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Taber & Cokendolpher, 1988: 95 (k.). Combination in Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Emery, 1 8 9 5 c 302; in Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1913c: 114; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 58. Senior synonym of nigripes: Creighton, 1950a: 144. #laurenti. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) pallida var. laurenti Santschi, 1939d: 69 (w.q.) ALGERIA. ledouxi. AphaenogasterledouxiTobme, G. 1969: 3,fig.1 (w.) LEBANON. #lenis. Aphaenogaster crocea var. lenis Santschi, 191 li: 2 8 4 (w.) TUNISIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192If: 57. lepida. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) lepida Wheeler, W.M. 1930a: 96. Replacement name for silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 37. [Junior primary h o m ­ o n y m of silvestrii Menozzi, 1929b: 282.] Senior syn­ o n y m of phillipi and funkikoensis (unnecessary second and third replacement names): Brown, 1954d: 10. lesbica. Aphaenogaster pallida var. lesbica Forel, 1913d: 4 2 9 (w.) GREECE. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59. Raised to spedes: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 5 3 . #leveittei. Aphaenogaster pallida r. leveillei Emery^l881b: 534 (footnote) (w.) ALGERIA. Emery, 1884a: 382 (m.);Emery, 1908c: 329 (q.). Combinationin Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192If: 59. See also: Finzi, 1930a: 152. *livida. *Poneropsis livida Heer, 1867:25, pi. 2, fig. 5 (q.) YUGOSLAVIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster: Mayr, 1867b: 57. *longaeva. *Aphaenogaster longaeva Scudder, 1877b: 2 6 7 (m.) CANADA (Miocene). Induded as "(Myrrmcinae) longaeva": Carpenter, 1 9 3 0 : 2 1 . longiceps. Myrmica longiceps Smith, F. 1858b: 128 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Mayr, 1876: 98 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972b: 2 3 8 (1.); Imai, Crozier & Tay­ lor, 1977: 348 (k.). Combination in Aphaenogaster: Mayr, 1876:98; in Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex): Forel, 1899a: 118; in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Forel, 1913g: 187; in Aphaenogaster (Nystalomyrma): Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 216. Type-material redescribed: Crawley, 1922c: 19. Senior synonym of ruginota: Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 217. Current subspe­ des: nominal plus flava. longispina. Aphaenogaster sardoa var. longispina Wolf, 1915: 4 2 , fig. 4 (w.) ALGERIA. Junior synonym of sardoa: Finzi, 1930a: 156. loriai. Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex) loriai Emery, 1897d: 563, pi. 1, figs. 9, 10 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA. Viehmeyer, 1914d: 605 (m.). Combinationin Ischnomyrmex: Stitz, 1911a: 367; in Aphaenogaster (Planimyrma): Viehmeyer, 1914d: 604; in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 71. Senior synonym of atra: Smith, M.R. 1961b: 2 2 3 . lusitanica. Aphaenogaster senilis var. lusitanica Schmitz, 1 9 5 0 : 1 5 , PORTUGAL. Nomen nudum.

lustrans. Aphaenogaster lustrans Smith, M.R. 1961b: 234, pi. 16, fig. 3 (w.) N E W GUINEA. macrospina. Aphaenogaster texana subsp. macrospina Smith, M.R. 1934a: 386, figs. 1, 2 (w.) U.S.A. Com­ bination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma), and raised to species: Creighton, 1950a: 145. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of flemingi: Smith, M.R. 1958a: 113. *maculata. *Aphaenogaster maculata Theobald, 1937b: 313, pi. 2 5 , fig. 5, pi. 26, fig. 14 (m.?) FRANCE (Oligocene). *maculipes. *AphaenogastermaculipesTh6obald,

1937b:

204, pi. 14, fig. 7 (q.) FRANCE (Oligocene). manni. Aphaenogaster subterranea subsp. valida var. manni Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 516 (w.) U.S.A. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to occidentalis by Creighton, 1950a: 150. manni. Novomessor manni Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 3 5 3 , pi. 1, fig. 2 (w.) MEXICO. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1960b: 10 (1.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ensifera: B r o w n , 1974b: 4 6 . mariae. Aphaenogaster mariaeForel,

1886b: xli (w.)

U.S.A. Combination in Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Emery, 1895c: 3 0 1 ; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 58. #marocana. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) testaceopilosum var. marocana Forel, 1903c: 257 (w.m.) MOROCCO. Santschi, 1929e: 140 (q.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1908c: 319. Stirps of gemella: Santschi, 1933c: 4 0 4 . Subspecies of gemella, a n d senior s y n o n y m of tingitana: Cagniant, 1990a: 4 7 . See also: Cagniant, 1 9 9 4 : 2 5 . #mauritanica. Aphaenogaster striola var. mauritanica Dalla Torre, 1893: 105 (w.) TUNISIA. [First available use oi Aphaenogaster subterraneus r. striola var. mauritanicus Emery, 1891b: 8; unavailable n a m e . ] Santschi, 191 l i : 2 8 4 (m.); Santschi, 1932d: 342 (q.). Variety/stirps of gibbosa:Emery,

1908c: 334;

Santscm 1932d: 3 4 1 . *mayri. *Aphaenogaster mayri Carpenter, 1930: 30, pi. 5, fig. 5; pi. 8, fig. 4; pi. 9, fig. 5; pi. 11, fig. 4 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. (Miocene). megommata. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma)

megommatus

Smith, M.R. 1963: 244, fig. 1 (w.) U.S.A. Cole, 1966: 9 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972b: 2 3 8 (1.). melitensis. Aphaenogaster semipolita var. melitensis Santschi, 1933c: 390 (w.) MALTA. [First available use of Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa subsp. semipolita var. melitensisEmery, 1924b: 12; unavailable n a m e . ] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ionia: n e w s y n o n y m y . meridionalis Andre, 1883; see u n d e r MESSOR. *mersa. * Aphaenogaster mersa Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 55, fig. 20 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). messoroides. Aphaenogaster messoroides DIussky, i n DIussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 213, fig. 24 (w.m.) TURKMENISTAN. mexicana. Ischnomyrmex mexicanum Pergande, 1896: 893 (w.) MEXICO. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex): Forel, 1899c: 60; in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 7 1 . miamiana. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) texana var. miamiana Wheeler, W.M. 1932a: 5 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Raised to species: Creighton, 1950a: 145. miniata. Aphaenogaster miniata Cagniant, 1990d: 144, figs. 1-1 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO.

minor Andre, 1883; see u n d e r MESSOR. minor. Novomessor cockerelli var. minor E n z m a n n , J. 1947b: 148, pi. 8 (w.) U.S.A. [Unresolved j u n i o r sec­ ondary h o m o n y m of Aphaenogaster minor Andre, 1883b: 355, above.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of albisetosa: B r o w n , 1949a: 4 9 . muelleriana. Aphaenogaster ovaticeps subsp. muelleriana Wolf, 1 9 1 5 : 4 4 , figs. 5, 6 (w.) ITALY. Emery, 1916b: 140 (q.m.). Combination i n Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 58. [Aphaenogaster ovaticeps subsp. muelleriana Wolf, in Emery, 1914d: 156. Nomen nudum.) Raised t o species: Agosti & Col­ lingwood, 1987a: 54. See also: Finzi, 1927a: 8; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 5 1 . muschtaidica. Aphaenogaster gibbosa subsp. muschtaidica Emery, 1908c: 334 (w.) RUSSIA. [First available u s e of Aphaenogaster subterranea subsp. gibbosa var. muschtaidica Ruzsky, 1905b: 7 1 9 ; unavailable n a m e . ] Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 58. Raised t o species: Collingwood, 1985: 246. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of gibbosa: DIussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1 9 9 0 : 2 1 2 . mutica. Aphaenogaster muticaPergande, 1896: 891 (w.) MEXICO. Combination i n Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 58. nadigi. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) gibbosa var. nadigi Santschi, 1923f: 328 (w.) MOROCCO. Cagniant, 1987a: 33 (q.m.). Raised t o species: Cagniant, 1987a: 3 1 . nana. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) texana subsp. nana Wheeler, W.M. 1932a: 6 (w.) U.S.A. Unidentifiable: Creighton, 1950a: 151; u n p l a c e d t a x o n in Aphaenogaster: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 6 4 . #nicobarensis. Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex) feae var. nicobarensis Forel, 1903d: 4 0 5 (w.) NICOBARIS. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1921f:65. nigra Andre, 1883; see u n d e r MESSOR. nigra. Aphaenogaster (Planimyrma) dromedarius var. nigra Donisthorpe, 1938b: 31 (w.) NEW GUINEA. [Unresolved j u n i o r primary h o m o n y m of Aphaenogaster nigra Andre, 1883b: 355, above.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of dromedaria: Smith, M.R. 1961b: 2 1 9 . nigripes. Aphaenogaster lamellidens var. nigripes Smith, M.R. 1923b: 308 (w.) U.S.A. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lamellidens: Creighton, 1950a: 144. nitida. Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa var. nitida Krausse, 1912b: 163 (w.) ITALY. [First available u s e of Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) testaceopilosum subsp. spinosum var. nitidum Emery, 1895b: 70; unavailable n a m e . ] Variety of testaceopilosa: Finzi, 1924a: 13; of spinosa: Bondroit, 1 9 1 8 : 1 6 2 ; Santschi, 1933c: 390. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of spinosa: Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 I d : 1039; Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990a: 152. ttnitidiventris. Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) araneoides var. nitidiventris Forel, 1912g: 15 (w.m.) COSTA RICA. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Kempf, 1972a: 2 3 . Unumida. Aphaenogaster (Aphaenogaster) depilis var. numida Santschi, 1933c: 395, figs. 9, 22 (w.m.) TUNISIA. obsidiana. Atta obsidiana Mayr, 1 8 6 1 : 67 (diagnosis in key) (w.) RUSSIA. Ruzsky, 1905b: 725 (q.); Karavaiev, 1926b: 98 (m.). Combination in

Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29; in Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Ruzsky, 1902d: 26; in Aphaenogaster: Ruzsky, 1905b: 7 2 3 ; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 58. occidentalis. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) subterraneum subsp. occidentaleEmery, 1895c: 301 (w.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953b: 61 (1.). Combi­ n a t i o n in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 60. Senior s y n o n y m of borealis, a n d material of t h e unavailable n a m e manni referred h e r e : Creighton, 1950a: 150. Raised to species: H u n t & Snelling, 1975:21. #occidua. Aphaenogaster senilis var. occidua Santschi, 1933c: 396, fig. 26 (w.m.) FRANCE. oculata Emery, 1899; see u n d e r

PHEIDOLE.

oklahomensis. Aphaenogaster treatae subsp. pluteicomis var. oklahomensis Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, E.W. 1 9 3 4 : 1 0 (w.q.) U.S.A. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred to pluteicomis by Creighton, 1950a: 154. *oligocenica. * Aphaenogaster oligocenica Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 54, fig. 19 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). opposita. Myrmica opposita Say, 1836: 292 (w.m.) Com­ bination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 58. Unrecognisable t a x o n : Smith, M.R. 1951a: 798; u n p l a c e d t a x o n in Myrmicinae: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1414. osimensis. Aphaenogaster famelica var. osimensis Teranishi, 1940: 78 (w.q.) JAPAN. Raised to species: Imai, 1 9 7 1 : 1 3 9 . ovaticeps. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) ovaticeps Emery, 1898c: 136, figs, (w.q.m.) ITALY. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1908c: 324; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 58. Upachei. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) sagei subsp. pachei Forel, 1906b: 82 (w.) NEPAL. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): C h a p m a n & Capco, 1951: 132. pallescens. Aphaenogaster pallescens Walker, 1 8 7 1 : 1 1 (q.) EGYPT. Unrecognisable t a x o n . pallida. Myrmica pallida Nylander, 1 8 4 9 : 4 2 (w) ITALY. Roger, 1 8 5 9 : 2 5 4 (q.m.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29; in Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Emery, 1895c: 303; in Aphaenogas­ ter: Emery, 1908c: 328; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Santschi, 1919e: 2 4 5 . See also: Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 52. Current subspecies: norninal plus laurenti, leveillei. *pannonica. *Aphaenogaster pannonicus Bachmayer, 1 9 6 0 : 1 2 , pi. 1, fig. 1 (wing) AUSTRIA (Pliocene). patruelis. Aphaenogaster patruelis Forel, 1886b: xli (w.) U.S.A. Wheeler, W.M. 1934f: 133 (m.). Combina­ tion i n Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Emery, 1895c: 302; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59. Subspecies of subterranea: Emery, 1895c: 302. Revived status as species: Wheeler, W.M. 1904d: 270; see also: Wheeler, W.M. 1934f: 132. Senior syn­ o n y m of willowsi: Creighton, 1950a: 146; of bakeri: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1362. Current subspecies: n o m i ­ nal plus carbonaria. pergandei Mayr, 1886; see u n d e r MESSOR. pergandei. Ceratopheidole perganderi Donisthorpe, 1950d: 63.9 (w.) TURKEY. [Ceratopheidolepergandei: Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1060, justified e m e n d a t i o n of spelling.] Combination in Aphaenogaster: Brown, 1981: 529. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of

Spedes-Group Taxa

71

perplexa. Aphaenogaster (Planimyrma) perplexus Smith, M.R. 1961b: 2 2 8 . Replacement n a m e for wheeleri Donisthorpe, 1938b: 3 1 . [Junior p r i m a r y h o m o n y m of wheeleri M a n n , 1915:51.]

Smith, M.R. 19 51 a: 796; unplaced t a x o n in Aphaenogaster: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1364. pusilla. Aphaenogaster fulva var. pusilla E n z m a n n , J, 1947b: 150 (w.) U.S.A. [First available use of Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) fulvum subsp. aquia var. pusillum Emery, 1895c: 306; unavailable n a m e . ] Unidentifiable: Creighton, 1950a: 151; unplaced t a x o n i n Aphaenogaster: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1364.

phalangium. Aphaenogaster phalangium Emery, 1890b: 47, pi. 5, figs. 6, 7 (w.m.) COSTA RICA. Combina­ tion in Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex): Forel, 1899c: 59; i n Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma)'- Emery, 1915d: 7 1 . [Also described as n e w by Emery, 1894k: 54.] Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus brevicollis.

pythia. Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) pythia Forel, 1915b: 7 6 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 220 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972b: 2 3 9 (1.). Combination i n Aphaenogaster (Nystalomyrma): Wheeler, W.M. 1916J: 2 1 9 . See also: Smith, M.R. 1961b: 2 2 9 .

phillipi. Aphaenogasterphillipi Menozzi, 1932b: 311 (footnote). Unnecessary (second) r e p l a c e m e n t n a m e for silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 37. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of silvestrii Menozzi, 1929b: 282.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lepida (first replacement n a m e ) : B r o w n , 1954d: 10.

quadrispina. Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) quadrispina Emery, 191 l c : 2 5 1 (w.m.) N E W GUINEA. Combina­ tion i n Aphaenogaster (Planimyrma): Viehmeyer, 1914b: 516; Emery, 192If: 66; in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 7 1 .

APHAENOGASTER

(continued)

Aphaenogaster pergandei Mayr, 1886d: 4 4 8 , above,] Replacement n a m e : depressa: n e w n a m e .

phittipsi. Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) phillipsi Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 1 6 8 , fig. 1 (w.) JORDAN. picea. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) fulvum var. piceum Wheeler, W.M. 1908f: 621 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. [First available use of Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) fulvum subsp. aquia var. piceum Emery, 1895c: 305; unavail­ able n a m e . ] Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 57. Subspecies of fulva: Buren, 1944a: 284; subspecies of rudis: Creighton, 1950a: 148 (incorrect as picea m a d e available earlier t h a n rudis a n d h e n c e senior n a m e ) . Raised t o spe­ cies: n e w s t a t u s . Current subspecies; norninal plus rudis. picena. Aphaenogaster picena Baroni Urbani, 1971a: 32, figs. 1-9 (w.q.m.l.) ITALY. [Aphaenogaster picena Baroni Urbani, 1966: 6 9 , Nomen nudum.] See also: Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 4 1 . ^pluteicomis, Aphaenogaster treatae subsp. pluteicomis Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, E.W. 1 9 3 4 : 7 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953b: 62 (1.). Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma), a n d material of t h e unavailable n a m e oklahomensis referred h e r e : Creighton, 1950a: 154. poultoni. Aphaenogasterpoultoni Crawley, 1922c: 17, figs. 1 1 , 1 2 (w.) AUSTRALIA. praedo. Aphaenogasterpraedo Emery, 1908c: 323, fig. 12 (w.) MOROCCO. Cagniant, 1969b: 105 (q.m.). See also: Cagniant, 1987d: 163. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus eltipsoida. praenoda, Aphaenogaster (Aphaenogaster) praenoda Santschi, 1933c: 398, figs. 1, 16, 30 (w.m.) MOROCCO, Current subspecies: n o m i n a l phis confinis. projectens. Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) projectens Donisthorpe, 1947c: 581 (m.) NEW GUINEA. tiprudens. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) smythiesii var. prudens Forel, 1902c; 2 2 3 (w.) INDIA. Combination inAphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192If: 59. pseudoaegyptiaca Emery, 1884; see u n d e r MESSOR. punctata Forel, 1886; see u n d e r MESSOR. punctaticeps. Aphaenogaster punctaticepsMacKay, 4 7 , 7 figs. (w.) U.S.A.

1989:

punctithorqx. Aphaenogaster texana subsp. punctithorax Cole, 1938a: 239. fig. 2 (w.) U.S.A. Unidentifiable: Creighton, 1950a: 151; j u n i o r s y n o n y m of picea:

72

Species-Group Taxa

reliaa. Aphaenogaster relictq Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , 1 9 1 4 : 2 5 , fig. 8 c (w.q.m.) HAITI. Combination i n Novomessor: Emery, 1915d: 7 3 ; in Veromessor: Wheeler, W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 382; in Aphaenogaster: Bolton, 1982: 3 4 1 . Current subspe­ cies: n o m i n a l plus epinotalis. rhaphidiiceps. Ischnomyrmex rhaphidiiceps Mayr, 1877: 12 (w.) TURKESTAN, [Redescribed i n Latin: Mayr, 1880: 31.] A r n o r d i , 1976b: 1022 (q.). Combination in Aphaenogaster: Andre, 1883b: 349; in Aphaenogas­ ter (Deromyrma): Emery, 1915d: 7 1 , See also: Pisarski, 1967: 379. rifensis. Aphaenogaster rifensis Cagniant, 1994: 2 3 , figs. X 4 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO. romana. Aphaenogaster spinosa var. romana Santschi, 1933c: 390 (w.) ITALY. [First available u s e of Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) testaceopilosum subsp. spinosum var. romanum Emery, 1895b: 70; unavail­ able n a m e . ] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of spinosa: Baroni Urbani, 1971d: 1039. rothneyi. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) rothneyi'Forel, 1902c: 2 2 4 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Aphaenogas­ ter: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 7 3 ; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192If: 5 9 , rubida. Aphaenogaster fulva var. rubida E n z m a n n , J. 1947b; 147, pi. 8 (w.) U.S.A. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of fulva: B r o w n , 1949a: 49. Orudis. Aphaenogaster fulva var. rudis E n z m a n n , J. 1947b: 150 (w.q.) U.S.A. [First available use of Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) fulvum subsp. aquia var, rude Emery, 1895c: 305; unavailable n a m e . ] Wheeler, G.C & Wheeler, J. 1953: 56 (1.); Crozier, 1 9 7 0 : 1 2 5 (k.). Raised t o species: Creighton, 1950a: 147. Subspecies of picea as this n a m e m a d e available first (picea entered as subspecies of rudis i n Creighton, 1950a: 147), and h e n c e is senior n a m e . rufotestaceq. Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa subsp. semipotitq var. rufotestacea Donisthorpe, 1946a: 54 (w.) TUR­ KEY. Unavailable n a m e . ruginota. Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex) longiceps r. ruginota Forel, 1902h: 4 4 0 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Emery, 1914b: 181 (m.). Combination i n Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1914b: 181; in Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma), and raised t o species: Forel, 1915b: 7 5 . J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of longiceps: Wheeler, W.M. 1916j: 2 1 7 , rugosa Andre, 1881; see u n d e r MESSOR.

Urugosoferruginea. Aphaenogaster splendida r. rugosoferruginea Forel, 1889: 260 (w.) GREECE. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 6 0 . ruida. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) famelica subsp. ruida Wheeler, W.M. 1928d: 104 (q.) JAPAN. Raised t o species: Collingwood, 1976: 302. [Ogata, 1991b: 85, misspells t h e n a m e as rudia and regards it as a subsp. of famelica. Collingwood's elevation to species is preferred here.] rupestris. Aphaenogaster rupestris Forel, 1909e: 3 7 9 (w.) ALGERIA. Forel, 1913d: 4 2 8 (m.); Cagniant, 1969b: 110 (q.). sagei. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) sagei Forel, 1902c: 221 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 7 5 ; i n Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Forel, 1913k: 53; i n Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus pachei. saharensis. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) saharensis Ber­ n a r d 1953a: 137, fig. 2 (m.) ALGERIA. sangiorgii. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) sangiorgii Emery, 1901e: 57, fig. (q.) GREECE. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Aphaenogaster: Emery, 1908c: 337. sardoa. Aphaenogastersardous Mayr; 1853b: 107 (w) ITALY. Andre, 1883b: 3 6 9 (q.); Sintschi, 19111:284 (m.). Senior s y n o n y m of longispina: Finzi, 1930a: 156. See also: Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 4 1 . Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus anoemica. schaufussi Forel, 1879; see u n d e r LEPTOTHORAX. schmidti. Aphaenogaster schmidti Karavaiev, 1912b: 582, fig. 1 (w.) KOREA. Combination in Aphaenogas­ ter (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59. tischmitzi. Aphaenogasterschmitzi'Forel, 1910a: 10 (w.) ISRAEL. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma):Emery, 192If: 60. Subspecies of syriaca: Emery, 1921f: 60; Menozzi, 1933b: 5 1 . schurri. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) schurri Forel, 1902c: 2 2 3 (w.) INDIA. Combination i n Aphaenogas­ ter: Bingham, 1903: 274; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192H: 59. semipolita. Myrmica semipolita Nylander, 1856b: 86 (w.) ITALY. Emery, 1878b: 5 3 (m.); Andre, 1883b: 370 (q.). Combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29. Variety/subspecies of testaceopilosa: Emery, 18.78b; 5 3 ; Forel, 1910a: 24; Finzi, 1930d: 312. Revived status, as species: S a n t s c h i 1933c: 390. semirufa Andre, 1883; see u n d e r MESSOR. senilis. Aphaenogaster senilis Mayr, 1853b: 108 (w.q.) ITALY. Emery, 1916b: 140 (m.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of testaceopilosa: Nylander, 1856b: 86; Smith, F. 1858b: 165 (misspelled as similis); Roger, 1 8 5 9 : 2 5 5 ; Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 0 7 . Variety/subspecies of testaceopilosa: Emery, 1878b: 53; Emery, 1916b: 131; Santschi, 1919e: 2 4 5 . Revived status as species: Bondroit, 1918: 161; Santschi, 1933c: 396; Cagniant, 1964: 100; Bernard, 1967: 132. Baroni Urbani, 1971c; 44. Senior s y n o n y m of acoreensis: Yarrow, 1967: 26; of fuentei: Collingwood, 1978: 67. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus disjuncta, grata, occidua. sicardi. Aphaenogaster sicardi Cagniant, 1990c: 4 4 3 , figs. 1, 2 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO, sicula. Aphaenogaster crocea subsp. sicula Emery, 1908c: 331 (w.q.) ITALY, Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921 f: 57. Raised t o species:

Schembri & Collingwood, 1 9 8 1 : 4 2 3 . Material of

ety of crocea: Dalla Torre, 1893: 102; Emery, 1908c:

the unavailable name subterraneosplendida

331.

referred

h e r e b y Emery, 1908c: 3 3 1 . silvestrii. Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) silvestrii Menozzi,

Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Forel, 1913b: 350. Cur­ rent subspecies: nominal plus clara, curta. spinipes.

ttsporadis. Aphaenogaster simonellii var. sporadis Santschi, 1933c: 4 0 1 , figs. 14, 37 (w.m.) GREECE,

1929b: 282, fig. 1 (w.q.) U.S.A. Combination in

striaticeps Andre, 1883; see under MESSOR.

Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma), and variety of texana:

striativentris. Aphaenogaster striola r. striativentris Forel,

syria. Aphaenogaster schmitzi var. syria Forel, 1910a: 12 (w.) SYRIA. Junior synonym of syriaca: Emery, 1921f: 60. syriaca. Aphaenogaster gibbosa subsp. syriaca Emery,

Wheeler, W.M. 1932a: 5. Junior synonym of texana:

1895d: 228 (w.) SPAIN. Tinaut & Jiminez-Rojas,

1908c: 335 (w.) LEBANON. Combinationin

Creighton, 1950a: 152.

1991: 118 (q.m.). Combination in Aphaenogaster

Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192If: 60. Raised

silvestrii. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) silvestrii Wheeler, W M . 1929g: 37, fig. 3 (w.m.) TAIWAN. [Junior pri­ mary h o m o n y m of silvestrii Menozzi, above.] Re­ placement name: lepida Wheeler, W.M. 1930a: 96. similis Smith, F. 1858; see under senilis, above. simonettii. Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa var. simonellii

(Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 58. Subspecies of

to species: Emery, 1915a: 258. Senior synonym of

gibbosa: Emery, 1908c: 334. Raised to species: Col-

syria: Emery, 1921f: 60. Current subspecies; nomi­

lingwod & Yarrow, 1969: 6 0 .

nal plus schmitzi.

striatula Emery, 1891; see under MESSOR. striola. Attastriola Roger, 1859: 252 (w.m.) SPAIN. Emery, 1869b: 17 (q.). Combination in Aphaenogas­

Emery, 1894j: 8 (w.) GREECE. Raised to species:

ter: Roger, 1863b: 29. Junior synonym of gibbosa:

Santschi, 1933c: 4 0 1 . Current subspecies: nominal

Emery, 1895c: 303.

plus sporadis. See also: Schembri & Collingwood, 1987; 54. #simulans. Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) feae r. simulans Forel, 1915a: 31 (w.q.m.) SUMATRA. sinensis. Aphaenogaster smythiesi subsp. sinensis

takahashii. Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma)

takahashii

Wheeler, W.M. 1930a: 96, fig. 1 (w.) TAIWAN. tennesseensis. Atta tennesseensis Mayr, 1862: 743 (w.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953b: 61 (1.). Combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 30; in

strioloides. Aphaenogaster subterranea var. strioloides

Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Emery, 1895c: 301; in

Forel, 1890a: lxxi (w.) ALGERIA. Emery, 1908c:

Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192If: 60.

335 (q.); Santschi, 1932d: 341 (m.). Combination in

Senior synonym of subrubra: Mayr, 1886c: 365; of

Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): M e n o z z i 1 9 2 1 : 2 6 . Sub­

laevis: Mayr, 1886d: 446; of ecalcaratum: Creighton,

species of gibbosa: Emery, 1908c: 335; Emery,

1950a: 151.

Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 9 (w.) CFJJNA. Wheeler,

1916b: 130; Menozzi, 1921: 26; Emery, 1921f: 58,

testaceopilosa. Myrmica testaceopilosa Lucas, 1849: 301,

W.M. 1929f: 2 (q.m.). Raised to species: Arnol'di,

Raised to species: Bondroit, 1 9 1 8 : 1 5 8 ; revived sta­

pi. 16, fig, 10 (w.) ALGERIA. Mayr, 1861: 67 (q.m.).

1976b: 1022. See also: Kupyanskaya, 1990: 119.

tus as species: Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 60.

Combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29; in

#smithi. Aphaenogaster boulderensis subsp. smithi Gregg, 1949b: 171 (w.) U.S.A. smythiesii. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) smythiesii Forel, 1902c: 2 2 2 (w.q.m.) INDIA. Imai, etal, 1984: 6 (k.). Combination in Aphaenogaster: Bingham, 1903:276;

subcostata, Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) subcostata Viehmeyer, 1 9 2 2 : 2 0 5 (w.) TURKEY. subrubra. Myrmicasubrubra

Buckley, 1867: 336 (w.q.)

U.S.A. Junior synonym of tennesseensis: Mayr, 1886c: 365.

Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Emery, 1895c: 303; in Aphaenogaster: Ruzsky, 1905b: 7 2 1 . See also: Emery, 1908c: 314; Santschi, 1933c: 391. Current subspe­ cies: nominal plus cabylica, canescens. texana. Aphaenogaster texana Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 4 1 2 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. [First available use of Stenamma

in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59. See

subterranea. Formica subterranea Latreille, 1 7 9 8 : 4 9

also: Imai, 1971: 137. Current subspecies: nominal

(w.q.m.) FRANCE. Latreille, 1802a: 220 (q.m.);

(Aphaenogaster) fulvum subsp. aquia var. texanum

plus japonica, prudens.

Hauschteck, 1962: 219 (k.). Combination in Atta:

Emery, 1895c: 306; unavailable name.] Wheeler,

*sommerfeldti* Aphaenogaster sommerfeldti Mayr, 1868c: 81, pi. 4, figs, 76, 7 7 (w.) BALTIC AMBER

Mayr, 1855:460; in Myrmica: Nylander, 1856b: 85;

G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953b: 6 2 (1.). Senior synonym

in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29; in Stenamma

of furvescens and silvestrii: Creighton, 1950a: 152.

(Aphaenogaster): Emery, 1895c: 301; in Aphaenogas­

Unidentifiable Xaxa, originally attached to texana: see

ter (Attomyrma): Emery, J915d: 70. See also: Emery,

entries under nana and punctithorax. Current subspe­

(w.) MEXICO. Combination in Novomessor: Emery,

1908c: 326; Stitz, 1939: 113; Bernard, 1967: 134;

cies: nominal plus carolinensis.

1915d: 7 3 . Junior synonym of cockerelli: Wheeler,

Kutter, 1977c: 80; Atanassov & DIussky, 1992: 111.

W.M. & Creighton, 1934: 352.

Current subspecies: nominal plus ichnusa, valida.

(Oligocene). sonorae. Aphaenogaster sonorae Pergande, 1894a: 34

sordida Forel, 1892; see under MESSOR. #spinipes. Aphaenogaster

(Ischnomyrmex)

subterraneoides. Aphaenogaster pallida var. subterraneoides Emery, 1881b: 5 3 4 (w.) CYPRUS.

schwammerdami [sic] var. spinipes Santschi, 1911 e:

Santschi, 1939c: 5 (q.). Combination in Aphaenogas­

123 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in

ter (Attomyrma): Emery, 192If: 59, Variety/subspe­

Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma): Emery, 192If: 65. spinosa. Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa var. spinosa Emery,

cies of striola: Forel, 1890a: bad; of gibbosa: Karavaiev, 1912a: 5; of pallida: Emery, 1915a: 258;

theryt. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) theryi Santschi, 1923f: 327, fig. 2 (w.) MOROCCO. Cagniant, 1986: 140 (q.m.). tibetana. Aphaenogaster tibetana Donisthorpe, 1929a: 4 4 7 (w.) TIBET. tinauti. Aphaenogaster tinauti Cagniant, 1992b: 365, figs. 1, 3, 5-11 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO, tingitana. Aphaenogaster gemella var. tingitana Santschi,

1878b: 54, fig. (w.) ITALY. Emery, 1908c: 3 2 0

Finzi, 1930d: 312. Raised to species: Bondroit, 1918:

1933c: 4 0 2 , figs. 19, 27 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO.

( q . m ) . Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 0 5 .

159. Junior synonym of pallida: Bernard, 1967: 134.

Junior synonym of marocana: Cagniant, 1990a; 47.

Subspecies of testaceopilosa: Emery, 1908c; 320;

Revived from synonymy and raised to species:

Emery, 1916b: 131; Emery, 1921f: 63, Revived sta­

Arnol'di, 1976b: 1023. Senior synonym of Cypriotes:

tus as species: Bondroit, 1918: 162; Santschi, 1933c:

Emery, 1915a: 258. Current subspecies: nominal

1024 (k.). Combination in Aphaenogaster

390; Bernard, 1967: 133; Baroni Urbani, 1969a:

plus armeniaca.

(Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 59. Raised to species:

326. Senior synonym of nitida and romana, and

subterraneosplendida. Aphaenogaster subterranea r. striola

material of the unavailable name Corsica referred

var. subterraneosplendida Emery & Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 6 2 .

here: Baroni Urbani, 1971d: 1039. See also:

Nomen nudum. [Later references to this name, eg.

Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990a: 152. Current subspe­

Emery, 1884a: 381; Emery, 1891b: 8, are nomina

cies: nominal plus etrusca.

nuda or unavailable names.] Material referred to

splendida. Attasplendida Roger, 1859: 2 5 7 (w.) GREECE. Emery, 1869b: 17 (q.); Emery, 1908c: 325

sicula by Emery, 1908c: 331.

(m.); Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 4 1 9 (1.). Combination

var. subterraneostriola Emery & Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 6 2 (w.) ITALY. Unavailable name.

nominal plus rugosoferruginea, transcaucasica. #splendidoides. Aphaenogaster subterranea var. splendidoidesForel,

1,890a: lxx (w.) ALGERIA. Vari­

swammerdami. Aphaenogaster swammerdamiForel,

195 (w.m.) TAIWAN. Hung, Imai & Kubota, 1972:

Hung, Imai & Kubota, 1 9 7 2 : 1 0 2 4 . torossiani. Aphaenogaster torossiani Cagniant, 1988a: 2 4 1 , figs. 1-1 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO. ^transcaucasica. Aphaenogaster

(Aphaenogaster)

splendida var. transcaucasica Karavaiev, 1926b: 97 (w.q.) former U.S.S.R. Subspecies of splendida:

subterraneostriola. Aphaenogaster subterranea r. striola

in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29; in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma); Emery, 1921f: 59. Current subspecies:

tipuna. Aphaenogaster rothneyi r. tipuna Forel, 1913f:

Arnol'di, 1 9 4 8 : 2 1 1 . treatae. Aphaenogaster treatae Forel, 1886b; xl (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in Stenamma

(Ischnomyrmex)

1886c: cvi (w.) MADAGAS­

(Aphaenogaster):

Emery, 1895c: 302; in Aphaenogaster: Wheeler, W.M. 1913c: 114; rn Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery,

CAR. Forel, 1891b: 168 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. &

192If: 60. Senior synonym of wheeleri, and material

Wheeler, J. 1977: 5 8 4 (1.), Combinationin

of the unavailable n a m e alabamensis referred here:

Stenamma (Ischnomyrmex): Forel, 1907e: 14; in

Creighton, 1950a: 153.

Species-Group Taxa

73

APHAENOGASTER

(continued)

turkestanica. Aphaenogaster turkestanica Amol'di, 1976b: 1021 (q.) TURKESTAN. uinta. Aphaenogaster uinta Wheeler, W M . 1917a: 517 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921 f: 60. ujhelyii. Aphaenogaster ujhelyii Szabo, 1910a: 364, fig. 1 (w.) TUNISIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 192If: 60. Possibly subspecies of sardoa: Santschi, 1933c: 390. #valida. Aphaenogaster subterranea subsp. valida Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 4 1 1 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combi­ n a t i o n in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f:60. vapida. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) vapida Wheeler, W.M. 1928d: 105 (w.) JAPAN.

APTEROSTIGMA (Neotropical) abdita. Apterostigma abdita M a n n , 1922: 50, fig. 22 (w.q.) HONDURAS. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of mayri: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 8 . affinis. Apterostigma affinis Santschi, 1922b: 354 (w.) PARAGUAY. amiae. Apterostigma amiae Weber, 1 9 3 7 : 3 9 1 (w.) GUI­ ANA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of robustum: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 9 . angulatum. Apterostigma collate subsp. angulatum Weber, 1938b: 169, figs. 4, 12 (w.q.) PANAMA. Wheeler, G.C. 1949: 667 (1.). Raised to species: Weber, 1941b: 1 1 1 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of dentigerum: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 6 . auriculatum. Apterostigma auriculatum Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 4 9 (w.q.) TRINIDAD. Senior s y n o n y m of demerarae a n d immobile: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 3 . Current

verecunda. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) verecunda Wheeler, WJvl. 1928d: 105 (w.) JAPAN.

subspecies: n o m i n a l plus icta, petrolatum. biUi. Apterostigma M/z" Weber, 1938b: 165, figs. 5, 17

vieirai. Aphaenogaster iberica var. vieirai Santschi, 1933c: 390 (w.m.) PORTUGAL. [First available use of Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa subsp. iberica var. vieirai Emery, 1908c: 3 2 1 ; unavailable n a m e . ] J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of iberica: Espadaler, 1983: 226.

(w.) BOLIVIA. bolivianum. Apterostigma bolivianum Weber, 1938b:

weigoldi. Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) weigoldi Viehmeyer, 1 9 2 2 : 2 0 6 (w.) CHINA.

robustum: Weber, 1958c: 249. bruchi. Apterostigma bruchi Santschi, 1919f: 49, fig. 5

weulersseae. Aphaenogaster weulersseae Cagniant, 1989: 113, figs. 1-1 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO.

(w.) ARGENTINA. Bruch, 1 9 2 1 : 2 0 4 (q.m.). calverti. Apterostigma calverti Wheeler, W.M. 1911 h:

wheeleri. Aphaenogaster treatae subsp. wheeleri M a n n , 1915: 5 1 , fig. l b (w.q.) U.S.A. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of treatae: Creighton, 1950a: 153.

206 (w.q.) COSTARICA. coUare. Apterostigma collare Emery, 1896g: 99, pi. 1, fig.

wheeleri. Aphaenogaster (Planimyrma) quadrispina subsp. wheeleri Donisthorpe, 1938b: 31 (w.) NEW GUINEA. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of wheeleri M a n n , above.] Replacement n a m e : perplexa Smith, M.R. 1961b: 2 2 8 .

181, fig. 15 (w.q.) BOLIVIA. branneri. Apterostigma branneri M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 6 , pi. 5, fig. 37 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of

18 (w.q.) COSTA RICA. Forel, 1899c: 38 (m.). constrictum. Apterostigma robustum subsp. constrictum Weber, 1938b: 173 (w.q.m.) BOLIVIA. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of robustum: Weber, 1958c: 249. demerarae. Apterostigma auriculatum var. demerarae Wheeler, W M . 1925a: 51 (w.q.m.) GUIANA. J u n i o r

willowsi. Aphaenogaster patruelis subsp. willowsi Wheeler, W.M. 1933a: 6 4 (w.) U.S.A. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of patruelis: Creighton, 1950a: 146.

s y n o n y m of auriculatum: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 3 . dentigerum. Apterostigma dentigerum Wheeler, W.M.

wilsoni. Aphaenogaster wilsoni Cagniant, 1988b: 49, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO.

of angulatum a n d dubium: Weber, 1958c: 246. discrepans. Apterostigma mayri var. discrepans Forel,

APHANTOLEPIS: see u n d e r APHOMOMYRMEX

TECHNOMYRMEX.

(Afrotropical)

afer. Aphomomyrmex afer Emery, 1899e: 494, fig. (w.q.m.) CAMEROUN. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986d: 332 (1.). Senior s y n o n y m of muralti: Snell­ ing, 1979b: 4 (in text). emeryi Ashmead, 1905; see u n d e r

1925a: 51 (w.q.m.) COSTARICA. Senior s y n o n y m

1912e: 190 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of mayri: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 8 . dorotheae. ApterostigmadorotheaeVJeber,

fig. 5 (w.) GUIANA. dubium. Apterostigma collare subsp. dubium Weber, 1938b: 168, figs. 6, 14, 19 (w.q.) PANAMA. Raised to species: Weber, 1941b: 110. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of dentigerum: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 6 . epinotale. Apterostigma epinotale Weber, 1937: 390, fig. 6 (w.) GUIANA. Weber, 1946b: 135 (q.m.). fallax, Apterostigma fallax Borgmeier, 1 9 3 4 : 1 0 5 , fig. 5

CLADOMYRMA. muralti. Aphomomyrmex muralti Forel, 1910e: 4 4 9 (w.)

(w.q.) SURINAM. fitzgeraldi. Apterostigmafitzgeraldi

APOMYRMA

(west Africa)

stygia. Apomyrma stygia Brown, Gotwald & Levieux, 1 9 7 1 : 264, figs. 1-9, 2 pis. (w.q.m.) IVORY COAST. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1971a: 276 (1.). APOROMYRMEX: see u n d e r

PLAGIOLEPIS.

APSYCHOMYRMEX: see u n d e r #APTEROCREMA:

74

see u n d e r

Species-Group Taxa

ADELOMYRMEX. CREMATOGASTER.

Weber, 1 9 3 7 : 3 9 3 (w.)

TRINIDAD. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ierense: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 7 . fusinodum. Apterostigma fusinodumWeber, (w.m.) BOLIVIA. gibbum. Apterostigmagibbum

1938b: 177

Weber, 1938b: 162, fig.

18 (w.q.m.) BOLIVIA. guianense. Apterostigma urichi var. guianense Weber, 1937: 393 (q.) GUIANA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of urichii: Weber, 1958c: 2 5 0 .

immobile. Apterostigma immobile Weber, 1940a: 4 1 8 (w.m.) PANAMA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of auriculatum: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 3 . jubatum. Apterostigma jubatum Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 47 (w.q.) GUIANA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of robustum: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 9 . luederwaldti. Apterostigma luederwaldti Santschi, 1923d: 66 (w.) BRAZIL. madidiense. Apterostigma madidiense Weber, 1938b: 179 (w.q.m.) BOLIVIA. manni. Apterostigma manni Weber, 1938b: 176, fig. 11 (w.) BOLIVIA. mayri. Apterostigma mayri Forel, 1893e: 6 0 4 (w.) TRIN­ IDAD. Wheeler, G.C. 1949: 6 6 8 (1.). Senior syn­ o n y m of abdita, discrepans, pallidum a n d zip: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 8 . moelleri. Apterostigma moelleri Forel, 1892d: 348 (w.q.) BRAZIL. nitidum. Apterostigma urichi var. nitidum Weber, 1937: 392 (w.m.) GUIANA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of urichii: Weber, 1958c: 250. pallidum. Apterostigma mayri var. pallidum Weber, 1937: 388 (w.q.) TRINIDAD. Subspecies of mayri: Weber, 1938b: 168. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of mayri: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 8 . peruvianum.

Apterostigma peruvianum Wheeler, W.M.

1925a: 46 (w.q.) PERU. #petiolatum. Apterostigma wasmanni subsp. petiolatum Weber, 1938b: 175, fig. 10 (w.m.) BOLIVIA. Subspe­ cies of auriculatum: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 4 . pilosum. Apterostigma pilosum Mayr, 1865: 113, pi. 4, fig. 35 (q.m.) BRAZIL. Mayr, 1887: 5 5 4 (w.). robustum. Apterostigma robustum Emery, 1896g: 98, pi. 1, fig. 17 (w.) COSTA RICA. Senior s y n o n y m of amiae, branneri, constrictum, jubatum a n d tic: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 9 . scutellare. Apterostigma pilosum r. scutellare Forel,

1937: 389,

PSEUDAPHOMOMYRMEX. goetschi Menozzi, 1935; see u n d e r MYRMELACHISTA. hewitti Wheeler, W.M. 1910; see u n d e r

SOUTH AFRICA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of afer: Snelling, 1979b: 4.

#icta. Apterostigma wasmannivar. icta Weber, 1937: 393 (q.) TRINIDAD. Subspecies of auriculatum: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 4 . ierense. Apterostigma ierense Weber, 1937: 387, fig. 4 (w.q.m.) TRINIDAD. Senior s y n o n y m of fitzgeraldi: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 7 .

1885a: 364 (m.) MEXICO. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 1 4 9 . steigeri. Apterostigma steigeri Santschi, 1911b: 52, figs. 1-3 (w.) ARGENTINA. Santschi, 1912e: 529 (q.). tic. Apterostigma robustum subsp. tic Weber, 1938b: 170, fig. 7 (w.q.m.) COSTA RICA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of robustum: Weber, 1958c: 249. tramitis. Apterostigma tramitisWeber,

1940a: 4 1 7

(w.q.) PANAMA. Wheeler, G.C. 1949: 668 (1.). uncinatum Mayr, 1887; see u n d e r MYRMICOCRYPTA. urichii. Apterostigma urichii Forel, 1893e: 603 (w.) TRINIDAD. Senior s y n o n y m of guianense a n d nitidum: Weber, 1958c: 2 5 0 . wasmannii.ApterostigmawasmanniiFore),

1892d: 345

(w.m.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1893e: 605 (q.). zip. Apterostigma mayri subsp. zip Weber, 1938b: 166, figs. 13, 16 (w.q.m.) BOLIVIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of mayri: Weber, 1958c: 2 4 8 . ARATROMYRMEX: see u n d e r

VOLLENHOVIA.

ARAUCOMYRMEX: see u n d e r

DORYMYRMEX.

ARCHAEOMYRMEX: see under *ARCHAEOPONE

MYRMECINA.

(Russia)

*kzylzharica. *Archaeopone kzylzharica DIussky, 1975: 121, fig. 132 (m.) RUSSIA (Cretaceous). *taylori. *Archaeopone taylori DIussky, 1983: 72, fig. 6 (m.) RUSSIA (Cretaceous). ARCHEATTA: see under ATTA. *ARCHIMYRMEX

(U.S.A.)

*rostratus. *Archimyrmex rostratus Cockerell, 1923a: 52, figs, a, b (w.) U.S.A. (Eocene). See also: Carpenter, 1930: 16. *ARCHIPONERA.

(U.S.A.)

*wheeleri. *Archiponera wheeleri Carpenter, 1930:27, pi. 1, pi. 2, fig. 1 (w.) U.S.A. (Miocene). ARCTOMYRMEX: see under *ARMANIA

ADELOMYRMEX.

(Russia)

*robusta. *Armania robusta DIussky, 1983: 68, figs. 1 , 2 (q.) RUSSIA (Cretaceous). *ARMANIELLA

(Russia)

*curiosa. *Armaniella curiosa Dlussky, 1 9 8 3 : 7 1 , fig. 5 (q.) RUSSIA (Cretaceous). ARNOLDIDRIS: see under AROTROPUS: see under

ORECTOGNATHUS. AMBLYOPONE

ASEMORHOPTRUM: see under ASKETOGENYS

STENAMMA.

(Malaysia)

acubecca. Asketogenys acubecca Brown, 1 9 7 2 : 2 3 , figs. 1, 2 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. ASPHINCTOPONE

(Afrotropical)

lamottei. Lepidopone lamottei Bernard, 1953b: 208, fig. 4 (w.) GUINEA. Combination in Asphinctopone: Brown, 1953h: 3. lucida. Asphinctopone lucidus Weber, 1949b: 7, figs. 5-7 (w.) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC. silvestrii. Asphinctopone silvestrii Santschi, 1914d: 318, fig. 6 (w.) NIGERIA. ASPIDIDRIS: see under

BASICEROS.

*balticus. Asymphylomyrmex balticus Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 97,fig.4 7 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene).

#ATOPOGYNE:

ACROPYGA,

see under CREMATOGASTER.

ATOPOMYRMEX

deplanatus. Atopomyrmex deplanatus Mayr, 1 8 9 5 : 1 1 3 (w.) SIERRA LEONE. Junior s y n o n y m of cryptoceroides: Emery, 1 8 9 9 e : 4 7 7 . erigens. Atopomyrmex mocquerysi var. erigens Santschi, 1924b: 205 (w.) ZAIRE. Junior synonym of mocquerysi:Bolton, 1981b: 2 5 1 . escherichi Forel, 1911; see under

DILOBOCONDYLA.

foreliEmery, 1899; see under TERATANER. luteus Emery, 1899; see under TERATANER. melanoticus. Atopomyrmex cryptoceroides var. melanoticus Santschi, 1925h: 153 (w.) ZAIRE. [First available use of Atopomyrmex mocquerysi subsp. cryptoceroides var. melanoticus Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 182; unavail­ able name.] N e w s y n o n y m y . [Material of unavail­ able n a m e formerly referred to cryptoceroides by Bolton, 1981b: 250.]

(Afrotropical)

alluaudi Emery, 1895; see under

TERATANER.

arnoldi. Atopomyrmex mocquerysi var. arnoldi Santschi, 1923e: 283 (w.) ZAIRE. Junior synonym of mocquerysi: Bolton, 1981b: 2 5 1 . australis. Atopomyrmex mocquerysi var. australis Santschi, 1914e: 16 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Junior synonym of mocquerysi: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 885. bottegoi Emery, 1896; see under TERATANER. calpocalycola. Atopomyrmex calpocalycolus Snelling, 1992a: 96, figs. 1-5 (w.) CAMEROUN. ceylonicus Emery, 1901; see under PARATOPULA. cryptoceroides. Atopomyrmex cryptoceroides Emery, 1892d: 561, pi. 15, figs. 5, 6 (q.) IVORY COAST. Race of mocquerysi: Forel, 1913b: 336;Forel, 1915c:

arborea Buckley, 1867 [Oecodoma]; see under CREMATOGASTER. arizonensis Wheeler, W M . 1907; see under TRACHYMYRMEX. aspersa Smith, F. 1858 [Oecodoma]; see under ACROMYRMEX. atrata Forel, 1912; see under CYPHOMYRMEX. autuorii. Atta (Neoatta) sexdens subsp. autuorii Borgme­ ier, 1950d: 253, figs. 3 2 - 3 4 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of sexdens: Borgmeier, 1959b:359. balzani Emery, 1890; see under ACROMYRMEX. bellicosa Smith, F. 1858; see under PHEIDOLOGETON. bicolor Buckley, 1867 [Oecodoma]; see under CREMATOGASTER. bisphaerica. Atta sexdens var. bisphaerica Forel, 1908c: 348 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Atta (Neoatta): Goncalves, 1942: 347; inAffa (Palaeatta): Borgmeier, 1950d: 244. Raised to species: Borgme­ ier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 2 3 . See also: Borgmeier, 1959b: 377. bispinosa Spinola, 18 51; see under POGONOMYRMEX. bolchevista. Atta (Neoatta) sexdens subsp. bolchevista Goncalves, 1942: 350 (w.) PARAGUAY. [First avail­ able use of Atta sexdens r. rubropilosa var. bolchevista Forel, 1921a: 204; unavailable name.] Junior syn­ o n y m of laevigata: Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 4 3 .

mocquerysi. Atopomyrmex mocquerysi Andre, 1 8 8 9 : 2 2 7 (w.) SENEGAL. Andre, 1895a: 3 (q.); Forel, 1913b: 335 (m.). Senior synonym of australis: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 885; of arnoldi, erigens, obscura and opaca, and material of the unavailable n a m e nigellus referred here: Bolton, 1981b: 2 5 1 .

boliviensis Emery, 1905; see under

nigellus. Atopomyrmex mocquerysi st. opacus var. nigellus Santschi, 1930b: 72 (w.) ANGOLA. Unavailable name; material referred to mocquerysiby Bolton, 1981b: 2 5 1 .

brunnea Patton, 1894; see under

nodifer Emery, 1901; see under TETRAMORIUM obscura. Atopomyrmex mocquerysi var. obscura Santschi,

capiguara. Atta (Neoatta) capiguara Goncalves, 1944: 234, figs. 1-6 (s.w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Atta (Epiatta): Borgmeier, 1950d: 250. See also: Goncalves, 1 9 4 5 : 2 0 9 ; Borgmeier, 1959b: 372.

1923e: 2 8 3 (w.) IVORY COAST. Junior synonym of mocquerysi: Bolton, 1981b: 2 5 1 . opaca. Atopomyrmex mocquerysi st. opaca Santschi, 1923e: 2 8 3 (w.) ANGOLA. [Also described as n e w

*ASYMPHYL OMYRMEX (Baltic Amber)

#ATOPODON: see under

343; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 886. Revived status as species: Emery, 1922f: 240; Santschi, 1925h: 163 (in key). Senior synonym of deplanatus:Emery, 1899e: 477; of curvispina: Emery, 1912d: 273; Emery, 1922f: 240; of melanoticus: n e w s y n o n y m y . curvispina. Atopomyrmex mocquerysi var. curvispina Forel, 1911c: 311 (w.) ZAIRE. Arnold, 1916: 192 (q.). Junior synonym of cryptoceroides: Emery, 1912d: 273; Emery, 1922f:240.

by Santschi, 1925h: 163.] Junior synonym of mocquerysi:Bolton, 1981b: 2 5 1 . scorn'Forel, 1912; see under TERATANER, selebensis Emery, 1898; see under DH.OBOCONDYLA. srilankensis Cheng, Ye & Yang, 1992; see under PARATOPULA. steinheiliPore), 1895; see under ATOPULA: see under

TERATANER.

TETRAMORIUM.

ACROMYRMEX.

bonariensis Emery, 1905; see under

ACROMYRMEX.

borinquenensis Wheeler, W.M. 1907; see under MYCOCEPURUS. brazoensis Buckley, 1867; see under bruchi Forel, 1912; see under brunnea Forel, 1912; see under bugnioni Forel, 1912; see under

SOLENOPSIS.

ACROMYRMEX. ODONTOMACHUS. ACROMYRMEX. TRACHYMYRMEX.

capensis Mayr, 1862; see under MESSOR.

caroli Wheeler, W M . 1911; see under TRACHYMYRMEX. cephalotes. Formica cephalotes Linnaeus, 1758: 581 (w.) SURINAM. Olivier, 1792: 500 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. 1949: 6 7 7 (1.). Combination in Atta: Fabridus, 1804: 421; in Oecodoma: Latreille, 1818: 224. Senior syn­ o n y m of migratoria: Retzius, 1783: 76; oigrossa: Latreille, 1802a: 224; oifervens: Smith, F. 1858b: 180; of visitatrix: Emery, 1892b: 162; of integrior, isthmicola, lutea, oaxaquensis, opaca and polita: Borgmeier, 1959b: 340.

ATTA (Neotropical, southern Nearctic) abdominalis. Oecodoma abdominalis Smith, F. 1858b: 184, pi. 10,fig.22 (q.) n o locality given ("various parts of South America"). Combination in Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35. Junior synonym of sexdens: Mayr, 1865: 80.

chisosensis Wheeler, W.M. 1907; see under ACROMYRMEX.

affinis Jerdon, 1851 [Oecodoma]; see under

columbica. Atta columbica Guerin-Meneville, 1844a: 422 (w.) COLOMBIA. Forel, 19131: 239 (m.); Borgmeier, 1959b: 348 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. 1949: 681 (1.). Variety of lebasii:Emery, 1890b: 55. Subspe­ d e s of cephalotes: Emery, 1913: 258. Revived status as spedesLForel, 19131: 239; Emery, 1922f: 353. See also: Goncalves, 1942: 346; Borgmeier, 1959b: 345. Senior synonym of lebasii: Dalla Torre, 1893:152; of erecta and tonsipes: Borgmeier, 1959b: 346.

PHEIDOLOGETON. ajax Forel, 1909; see under ACROMYRMEX. ambigua Emery, 1888; see under ACROMYRMEX. andicola Emery, 1905; see under ACROMYRMEX. angustata Forel, 1908; see under ACROMYRMEX. antarctica Smith, F. 1858; see under MONOMORIUM. antipodum Smith, F. 1858; see under ANISOPHEIDOLE.

cingulata Smith, F. 1857; see under PHEIDOLE. cloosae Forel, 1912; see under ACROMYRMEX. clypeata Smith, F. 1858; see under SOLENOPSIS. coloradensis Buckley, 1867; see under

SOLENOPSIS.

Species-Group Taxa

75

ATTA (continued) coptophylla. Atta coptophylla Guerin-Meneville, 1844a; 422 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of sexdens: Mayr, 1865:80. cometzi Forel, 1912; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. crassispina Forel, 1909; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. crudelis Smith, F, 1858; see u n d e r POGONOMYRMEX. crystallina Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 1 1 ; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. decolor Emery, 1905; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. dentigera Roger, 1862; see u n d e r MONOMORIUM. desertorum Wheeler, W.M. 1911; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. destructor Jerdon, 1851; see u n d e r MONOMORIUM. didita Walker, 1859; see u n d e r DILOBOCONDYLA. diffusa Jerdon, 1851 [Oecodoma]; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. diligens Smith, F. 1858; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. dimidiata Forel, 1 9 1 1 : see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX discigera Mayr, 1887; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. dissimilis. Atta dissimilis J e r d o n , 1 8 5 1 : 1 0 7 (w.) INDIA. Unrecognisable taxon; incertae sedis in Atta. diversa Jerdon, 1851 [Oecodoma]; see u n d e r PHEIDOLOGETON. domicola. Atta domicola J e r d o n , 1 8 5 1 : 1 0 5 (w.) INDIA. Unrecognisable taxon; incertae sedis in Atta. dubia Forel, 1908; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. echinatior Forel, 1899; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. emilii Forel, 1904; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEXerecta. Atta cephalotes var. erecta Santschi, 1929f: 92 (diagnosis in key) (w.) COSTA RICA. Subspecies of cephalotes: Goncalves, 1942: 345. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of columbica: Borgmeier, 1959b: 346. fabricator Smith, F. 1858; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. farinosa Emery, 1894; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. ferruginea Emery, 1905; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. feryens. Formica fervens Drury, 1782; 58, pi. 4 2 , fig. 3 (q.) MEXICO, J u n i o r s y n o n y m of cephalotes: Smith,

haytiana Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , 1914; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. heyeri Forel, 1899; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. homalops Emery, 1905; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. hostilis Smith, F. 1858; see u n d e r PHEIDOLOGETON. iheringi Emery, 1888; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. inquirens Forel, 1912; see u n d e r

ACROMYRMEX.

instabilis Smith, F. 1858; see u n d e r MESSOR. insularis. Atta insularis Guerin-Meneville, 1844a: 422 (w.) CUBA. Mayr, 1865: 82 (q.m.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Atta (Archeatta): Goncalves, 1942: 3 4 3 . Subspecies of fervens: Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 2 3 . Revived status as species: Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 6 0 . See also: Borgme­ ier, 1959b: 3 5 3 . integrior. Atta cephalotesrvar. integrior Forel, 1904c: 31 (w.) BRAZIL. Subspecies of cephalotes: Goncalves, 1942: 346. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of cephalotes: Borgmeier, 1959b: 340.

ACROMYRMEX.

moelleri Forel, 1893; see u n d e r

ACROMYRMEX.

irmgardae Forel, 1912; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. irrorata Wheeler, W.M. 1911; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX

muticinoda Forel, 1901; see u n d e r

isthmicola. Atta cephalotes subsp. isthmicola Weber, 1941b: 127 (w.q.) PANAMA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of cephalotes: Borgmeier, 1959b: 340. jamaicensis A n d r e , 1893; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. laevigata. Oecodoma laevigata Smith, F. 1858b: 182, pi. 10, fig. 2 4 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 19131:239 (m.); Goncalves, 1942: 336 (q.). Combination in Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35; in Atta (Neoatta): Goncalves, 1942: 348; Borgmeier, 1959b: 365; i n Atta (Epiatta): Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 4 7 . Variety/subspecies of sex­ dens: Mayr, 1865: 80; Emery, 1913: 259; Wheeler, W.M. 1923a: 4 . Revived status as species: Forel, 19131:239; Menozzi, 1935b: 197; Borgmeier, 1939: 423; Goncalves, 1942: 348; Borgmeier, 1959b: 365. Senior s y n o n y m of bolchevista: Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 4 3 ; of venezuelensis: Borgmeier, 1959b: 3 6 5 . laevis Mayr, 1862; see u n d e r

APHAENOGASTER.

SURINAM, J u n i o r s y n o n y m of sexdens: Forel, 1905b: 1 6 1 . floricola Jerdon, 1851; see u n d e r MONOMORIUM.

lebasii. Atta lebasii Guerin-Meneville, 1844a: 422 (w.) COLOMBIA. Emery, 1890b: 54 (q.m.). J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of columbica: Dalla Torre, 1893: 152.

fracticornis Forel 1909; see u n d e r

lecta Forel, 1 9 1 1 ; see u n d e r

fumipennis Smith, F. 1858; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. fusca Emery, 1894; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. fuscata. Atta sexdens var. fuscata Santschi, 1922b: 362 (w.) BOLIVIA. Subspecies of sexdens: Goncalves, 1942: 350. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of sexdens: Borgmeier, 1959b: 359. gemella Roger, 1862; see u n d e r

APHAENOGASTER.

geminata Fabricius, 1804; see u n d e r SOLENOPSIS. goeldii Forel, 1893; see u n d e r MYCOCEPURUS. goiana. Atta (Neoatta) goiana Goncalves, 1942: 347 (m.) BRAZIL. Borgmeier, 1959b: 379 (w.). Combi­ n a t i o n in Atta (Palaeatta): Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 4 5 . grossa. Formicagrossa Fabricius, 1787: 309 (q.) SURI­ NAM. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of cephalotes: Latreille, 1802a: 224. guentheri Forel, 1893; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. hartmanni Wheeler, W,M. 1907; see u n d e r MYCETOSORITIS.

Species-Group Taxa

CYPHOMYRMEX.

luederwaldti Forel, 1911; see u n d e r MYCETAROTES. lincecumii Buckley, 1867; see u n d e r SOLENOPSIS. lizeri. Atta polita var. tizeri Santschi, 1920e: 123, fig. (s.w.) BOLIVIA. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1922b: 364.] Subspecies of laevigata: Goncalves, 1942: 349; of vollenweideri: Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 4 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of saltensis: Borgmeier, 1959b: 3 8 1 .

ACROMYRMEX.

naranjo Forel, 1912; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. nigra Smith, F. 1858 [Oecodoma]; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. nigriventris Smith, F. 1858; see u n d e r nigrosetosa Forel, 1908; see u n d e r nodifer Smith, F. 1858; see u n d e r

PHEIDOLE.

ACROMYRMEX. PHEIDOLE.

oaxaquensis. Atta (Atta) cephalotes subsp. oaxaquensis Goncalves, 1942: 344 (w.) MEXICO. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of cephalotes: Borgmeier, 1959b: 340. obscurata. Atta vollenweideri var. obscuratq Gallardo, 1916d: 344 (w.) ARGENTINA. Subspecies of polita: Santschi, 1929d: 305; of vollenweideri: Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 4 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of saltensis: Borgmeier, 1959b: 3 8 1 . obscurior Wheeler, W.M. 1907; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. obsidiana Mayr, 1861; see u n d e r

APHAENOGASTER.

oetkeri Forel, 1908; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. opaca. Atta cephalotes var. opaca Forel, 1904c: 31 (w.) COLOMBIA. Subspecies of cephalotes; Goncalves, 1942: 345. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of cephalotes: Borgmeier, 1959b: 340. opaciceps. Atta bisphaerica subsp. opaciceps Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 2 7 , fig.16 (w.) BRAZIL. Borgmeier, I950d: 2 4 8 (m,); Borgmeier, 1959b: 368 (q.). Combination in Atta (Neoatta): Goncalves, 1942: 340; Borgmeier, 1959b: 368; in Atta (Epiatta): Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 4 8 . Raised to species: Goncalves, 1 9 4 5 : 1 8 6 ; Borgmeier, 1959b: 369. pallida Smith, F. 1858 [Oecodoma]; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. panamensis Forel, 1899; see u n d e r

ACROMYRMEX.

lobicomis Emery, 1888; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX^ lugens. Atta vollenweideri var. lugens Borgmeier, 1939: 424, fig. 19 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of piriventris: Goncalves, 1942: 351-

penetrans Smith, F. 1857; see u n d e r VOLLENHOVIA. pennsylvanica Buckley, 1867; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE.

lutea. Atta lutea Forel, 1893e: 587 (s.w.) BARBADOS. Subspecies of columbica: Forel, 1908c: 349. Revived status as species: Borgmeier, 1950d: 259. Subspecies of cephalotes: Weber, 1958a: 10. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of cephalotes: Borgmeier, 1959b: 340.

pilosa. Oecodoma pilosa Buckley, 1867: 348 (w.) U.S.A. Incertae sedis; unrecognisable t a x o n . See notes in Wheeler, W.M. 1902f: 29. Unplaced m y r m i c i n e t a x o n : Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 4 1 4 .

malabarica Jerdon, 1851 (Oecodoma}; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. maritima Wheeler, W.M. 1905; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX

76

minor Jerdon, 1851 [Oecodoma]; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. minuta Jerdon, 1851; see u n d e r MONOMORIUM. modesta Forel, 1901; see u n d e r

landolti Forel, 1895; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. laticeps Emery, 1905; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX.

ACROMYRMEX.

migratoria. FormicamigratoriaDe Geer, 1773: 604, pi. 3 1 , figs. 1 1 - 1 3 (w.) SURINAM. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of cephalotes: Retzius, 1 7 8 3 : 7 6 .

intermedia Forel, 1909; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX

F. 1858b: 180. flavicornis. Formica flavicornis Fabricius, 1789: 280 (q.)

fuhrmanni Forel, 1912; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX

marthae Forel, 1912; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. meinerti Forel, 1893; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. mesonotalis Emery, 1905; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. mexicana. Oecodoma mexicana Smith, F. 1858b: 185, pi. 10, fig. 20 (q.m.) MEXICO. Norton, 1868a: 66; Nor­ ton, 1868c: 9 (s.w.). Combination i n Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35; in Atta (Archeatta): Goncalves, 1942: 3 4 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of fervens: Forel, 1885a: 362. Revived from s y n o n y m y as subspecies of insularis: Emery, 1913: 259. Revived status as species: Goncalves, 1942: 335. See also: Borgmeier, 1959b: 351.

picea Buckley, 1867; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. piliventris Smith, F. 1858; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE.

piriventris. Atta vollenweideri var. piriventris Santschi, 1919f: 5 0 (w.) ARGENTINA. Subspecies of sexdens, a n d senior s y n o n y m of lugens: Goncalves, 1942: 3 5 1 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of sexdens: Borgmeier, 1959b: 359.

polita. Atta cephalotes subsp. polita Emery, 1905c: 54 (w.) BOLIVIA. Raised to species: Borgmeier, 1939: 4 2 3 . Subspecies of vollenweideri: Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 4 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of cephalotes: Borgmeier, 1959b: 340. providens Sykes, 1835; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. pruinosa Emery, 1906; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX.

s/m'r/m Forel, 1893; see u n d e r MYCOCEPURUS. spinoda Smith, F. 1858; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. splendida Roger, 1859; see u n d e r APHAENOGASTER. squamulifera Emery, 1896; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. striata Roger, 1863; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. striola Roger, 1859; see u n d e r APHAENOGASTER.

pubescensEmery,

subterranea Forel, 1893; see u n d e r

purensisForel,

1905; see u n d e r 1912; see u n d e r

ACROMYRMEX. ACROMYRMEX.

quadriglumis Haliday, 1836; see u n d e r ECITON. quadrispinosa Jerdon, 1851 [Oecodoma]; see u n d e r LOPHOMYRMEX. rectispina Forel, 1908; see u n d e r

ACROMYRMEX.

risii Forel, 1908; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. robusta. Atta sexdens subsp. robusta Borgmeier, 1939: 426, fig. 15 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Atta (Neoatta): Goncalves, 1942: 348; Borgmeier, 1959b: 370; in Atta (Epiatta): Borgmeier, 1950d: 246. Raised to species: Goncalves, 1942: 3 4 8 . See also: B o r g m e ­ ier, 1959b: 370. rochai Forel, 1904; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. rubra Smith, F. 1858; see u n d e r PHEIDOLE. rubropilosa. Atta sexdens var. rubropilosa Forel, 1908c: 348 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Subspecies oi sexdens: Santschi, 1929f: 9 3 ; Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 2 2 ; Goncalves, 1 9 4 5 : 1 8 7 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of sexdens: Borgmeier, 1959b: 359. rufa Jerdon, 1851; see u n d e r SOLENOPSIS. rugosa Smith, F. 1858 [Oecodoma]; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX. saltensis. Atta laevigata var. saltensis Forel, 19131:237 (w.) ARGENTINA. Borgmeier, 1959b: 382 (q.m.). Combination in Atta (Neoatta): Goncalves, 1942: 349; in Atta (Epiatta): Borgmeier, 1950d: 249; in Atta (Palaeatta): Borgmeier, 1959b: 3 8 1 . Variety/subspe­ cies of vollenweideri: Gallardo, 1916d: 344; Borgme­ ier, 1950d: 249; subspecies oi polita: Santschi, 1929d: 305; Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 2 3 ; subspecies of laevigata: Goncalves, 1942: 349. Raised to species, a n d senior s y n o n y m of lizeri a n d obscurata: B o r g m e ­ ier, 1959b: 3 8 1 . santschii Forel, 1912; see u n d e r saussurei Forel, 1885; see u n d e r

ACROMYRMEX. TRACHYMYRMEX.

schuppi Forel, 1901; see u n d e r MYCOCEPURUS. seminole Wheeler, W.M. 1911; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. septentrionalis McCook, 1881; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. sexdens. Formica sexdens Linnaeus, 1758: 581 (w) "America meridionali". Mayr, 1865: 82 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. 1949: 681 (1.). Combination in Atta: Fabricius, 1 8 0 4 : 4 2 2 ; in Atta (Neoatta): Goncalves, 1942: 349. Senior s y n o n y m of sexdentata: Latreille, 1802a: 2 2 8 ; of abdominalis a n d coptophylla: Mayr, 1865: 80; of flavicornis: Forel, 1905b: 161; oiautuorii, fuscata, piriventris (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m lugens), a n d rubropilosa:Borgmeier, 1959b: 359. sexdentata. Formica sexdentata Latreille, 1802a: 228, pi. 9, figs. 59, 60 (w.) FRENCH GUIANA. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of sexdens: Latreille, 1802a: 228. sharpii Forel, 1893; see u n d e r

TRACHYMYRMEX.

silvae. Atta (Neoatta) silvae Goncalves, 1983b: 174, fig. (w.) BRAZIL. silvestrii Emery, 1905; see u n d e r

ACROMYRMEX.

ACROMYRMEX.

tardigrada. Oecodoma tardigrada Buckley, 1867: 349 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Incertae sedis in Atta; unrecognisable t a x o n . Included in Acromyrmex: Forel, 1885a: 358; in Trachymyrmex: Mayr, 1886d: 4 4 2 ; Forel, 1893e: 6 0 1 ; Wheeler, W.M. 1902f: 30. Unplaced myrmicine t a x o n : Smith, D.R. 1979: 1414. tennesseensis Mayr, 1862; see u n d e r GASTER. testacea Smith, F. 1858; see u n d e r

APHAENO­ PHEIDOLE.

texana. Myrmica (Atta) texana Buckley, 1860a: 233 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1974d: 79 (1.). Combination in Atta: Roger, 1863b: 35; in Atta (Archeatta): Goncalves, 1942: 3 4 3 . J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of fervens: Forel, 1885a: 362. Revived from s y n o n y m y : Wheeler, W.M. 1907c: 700. Subspecies of insularis: Emery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 5 9 ; Emery, 1922f: 354; of fervens: Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 2 3 . Revived status as spe­ cies: Goncalves, 1942: 335. See also: Borgmeier, 1959b: 356; Smith, D.R., 1 9 7 9 : 1 4 1 3 ; Petralia & Vin­ son, 1 9 8 0 : 3 8 6 . thoracica Mayr, 1862; see u n d e r MESSOR. tolteca Wheeler, W.M. 1907; see u n d e r MYCOCEPURUS. tonsipes. Atta columbica var. tonsipes Santschi, 1929f: 92 (diagnosis in key) (w.) PANAMA. Subspecies of col­ umbica: Goncalves, 1942: 346. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of columbica: Borgmeier, 1959b: 346. tristis. Atta vollenweideri var. tristis Santschi, 1919f: 50 (w.) ARGENTINA. Subspecies of sexdens: Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 5 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of vollenweideri: Borgmeier, 1959b: 374. turrifex Wheeler, W.M. 1903; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX urichiiFoxeX, 1893; see u n d e r

TRACHYMYRMEX.

venezuelensis. Atta (Neoatta) laevigata subsp. venezuelensis Goncalves, 1942: 349 (w.q.) VENEZUELA. Combi­ n a t i o n i n Atta (Epiatta): Borgmeier, 1950d: 2 4 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of laevigata: Borgmeier, 1959b: 365. versicolor Pergande, 1894; see u n d e r ACROMYRMEX vertebrata Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 1 1 ; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. vigilans Smith,F. 1858; see u n d e r

PHEIDOLE.

virginiana Buckley, 1867; see u n d e r TRACHYMYRMEX. visitatrix. Formica visitatrix Christ, 1 7 9 1 : 517 (w.) SURI­ NAM. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of cephalotes: Emery, 1892b: 162. vollenweideri. Atta sexdens r. vollenweideri Forel, 1893e: 588 (s.w.q);Forel, 1912e: 179 (m.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Atta (Neoatta): Goncalves, 1942: 348; Borgmeier, 1959b: 374; in Atta (Epiatta): Borgmeier, 1950d: 248. Raised to species: Forel, 1912e: 179. Subspe­ cies of laevigata: Forel, 19131: 237; Emery, 1922f: 354; of sexdens: Emery, 1 9 1 3 : 2 5 9 . Revived status as species: Forel, 1915c: 358; Gallardo, 1916d: 3 4 1 ; Santschi, 1919f: 50; Santschi, 1922b: 3 6 3 . See also:

Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 2 2 ; Goncalves, 1942: 348; Borgmeier, 1959b: 374. Senior s y n o n y m of tristis: Borgmeier, 1959b: 374. *ATTAICHNUS (ichnotaxon) *kuenzelii. *Attaichnus kuenzelii Laza, 1982: 112, figs. ARGENTINA (ichnospecies). ATTOMYRMA: see u n d e r

APHAENOGASTER.

*ATTOPSIS (Europe) * acuta Forster, 1891; see u n d e r SOLENOPSIS. *anthracina Heer, 1850; see u n d e r CATAULACUS. *blanda Forster, 1891; see u n d e r SOLENOPSIS. *extensa Forster, 1891; see u n d e r SOLENOPSIS. Hongipennis. Attopsis longipennisYLeer, 1850: 155, pi. 12, fig. 11 (q.) YUGOSLAVIA (Miocene). See also: Forster, 1 8 9 1 : 4 3 7 . *longipes. Attopsis longipes Heer, 1 8 6 7 : 2 9 , pi. 2, fig. 15 (m.?) YUGOSLAVIA (Miocene). See also: Forster, 1891:442. *maxima Forster, 1891; see u n d e r SOLENOPSIS. *moesta Forster, 1891; see u n d e r SOLENOPSIS. *nigra Heer, 1850; see u n d e r CATAULACUS. *privata Forster, 1891; see u n d e r SOLENOPSIS. *superba Forster, 1 8 9 1 ; see u n d e r SOLENOPSIS. *valida Forster, 1891; see u n d e r SOLENOPSIS. ^AULACOMYRMA: AULACOPONE

see u n d e r

POLYRHACHIS.

(Armenia)

relicta. Aulacopone relicta Arnol'di, 1930a: 140, figs. 1-5 (q.) ARMENIA. [Also described as n e w by Arnol'di, 1930d: 159.] See also: B r o w n , 1958g:206; Taylor, 1980c: 3 5 3 . #A USTROLASIUS: AXINWRIS

see u n d e r

LASIUS.

(Afrotropical)

acholli. Axinidris acholli Weber, 1941a: 193, figs. 1 0 - 1 2 (w.) SUDAN. See also: Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 1 0 9 . bidens. Axinidrisbidens Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 1 1 1 , figs. 8-10, 35 (w.) GHANA. denticulata. Engramma denticulatum Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 2 0 5 , fig. 51 (w.) ZAIRE. Combination in Axinidris: Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 112. ghanensis. Axinidrisghanensis Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 114, fig. 35 (w.) GHANA. hylekoites. Axinidris hylekoites Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 114, figs. 1 4 - 1 6 , 35 (w.q.) GHANA. kakamegensis. Axinidris kakamegensis Shattuck, 1991: 115, figs. 1 7 - 1 9 , 35 (w.) KENYA. kinoin. Axinidris kinoin Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 115, figs. 2 0 22 (w.) NIGERIA. murielae. Axinidris murielae Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 1 1 6 , figs. 2 3 - 2 5 , 35 (w.q.) CAMEROUN. nigripes. Axinidris nigripes Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 117, fig. 35 (w.) GHANA. occidentalis. Axinidris occidentalis Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 1 1 8 , figs. 2 6 - 2 8 , 35 (w.) LIBERIA. palligastrion. Axinidris palligastrion Shattuck, 1 9 9 1 : 118, figs. 2 9 - 3 1 , 35 (w.) GHANA. parvus. Axinidris parvus Shattuck, 1991: 118 (w.) LIBE­ RIA. tridens. Engramma tridens Arnold, 1946: 58, fig. 10 (q.) MALAWI. Combination in Axinidris: Shattuck, 1991:119.

Species-Group Taxa

77

AZTECA (Neotropical) adrepens. Azteca adrepens Forel, 1911e: 2 8 4 (w.) PARAGUAY. aequalis. Azteca alfari var. aequalis Forel, 1906d: 239 (w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1908c: 387 (q.m.). J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of ovaticeps: Longino, 1989: 8.

brevis. Azteca brevis Forel, 1899c: 1 2 1 , pi. 4, fig. 17 (s.w.) COSTARICA. breviscapa. Azteca foreli r. breviscapa Forel, I 9 1 2 h : 51 (w.) COSTA RICA. [First available use of Azteca foreli r. championivar. breviscapa Forel, 1899c: 112; unavailable name.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of alfari:

aequilata. Azteca alfari var. aequilata Forel, 1904e: 691 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ovaticeps: Longino, 1 9 8 9 : 8 .

Longino, 1989: 5. brunni. Azteca muelleri var. brunniForel,

aesopus. Azteca aesopus Forel, 1908c: 392 (s.w.) BRA­ ZIL. alfari. Azteca alfari Emery, 1893b: 138, pi. 2, figs. 4 8 , 49 (s.w.) COSTA RICA. Emery, 1896c: 3 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1 9 5 1 : 1 9 2 (1.). Senior s y n o n y m of breviscapa, cecropiae, curtiscapa, fumaticeps, langi, lucidula, lynchi (and its j u n i o r syn­ o n y m argentina), mixta, virens, a n d material of t h e unavailable n a m e zonalis referred h e r e : Longino, 1989: 5; senior s y n o n y m of bicolor: Longino, 1992: 1575. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 1 5 . [Note: in t h e older literature t h e n a m e of this t a x o n is freq u e n d y misspelled as alfaroi, for example Emery, 1896c: 4; Forel, 1899c: 113.] Current subspecies: norninal plus beltii. *alpha. *Azteca alpha Wilson, 1985c: 58, figs. 5-8 (w.q.m.) DOMINICAN AMBER (Oligocene). angusticeps. Azteca angusticeps Emery, 1893b: 144, pi. 2, figs. 6 6 - 7 1 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. #antillana. Azteca delpini r. antillana Forel, 1899c: 111 (w.) ANTILLES. aragua. Azteca aragua Longino, 1 9 9 2 : 1 5 7 5 , figs. 11, 3 1 , 4 5 (q.) VENEZUELA. argentina. Azteca alfari var. argentina Forel, 1914d: 2 8 7 (w.) ARGENTINA. Gallardo, 1916a: 115 (q.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lynchi: Bruch, 1915: 534; Gallardo, 1915:20. aurita. Azteca aurita Emery, 1893b: 146, pi. 2, figs. 8 5 , 86 (q.) BRAZIL. Senior s y n o n y m of lacrymosa: Forel, 1906d: 237; of pilosula: Forel, 1912h: 54. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus silvae. australis. Azteca xanthochroa subsp. australis Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 249 (q.) PERU. Longino, 1992: 1582 (w.). Raised to species: Longino, 1 9 9 2 : 1 5 7 8 . #bahiana. Azteca polymorpha var. bahiana Forel, 1912h: 56 (w.) BRAZIL. barbifex. Azteca barbifexForel, BRAZIL.

1906d: 242 (s.w.q.)

Ubeltii. Azteca bicolor r. beltii Emery, 1893b: 142, pi. 2, figs. 6 1 - 6 3 (s.w.) COSTARICA. Subspecies of alfari: implied by Longino, 1 9 9 2 : 1 5 7 5 (as bicolor is given as a j u n i o r s y n o n y m of alfari). bequaerti. Azteca bequaerti Wheeler, W.M. & Bequaert, 1929: 35 (w.q.) BRAZIL. bicolor. Azteca bicolor Emery, 1893b: 141, pi. 2, figs. 5 4 60 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of alfari: Longino, 1992: 1575. #boliviana. Azteca brevicornis var. boliviano Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , in Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 225 (w.) BOLIVIA. #bondari. Azteca paraensis var. bondari Borgmeier, 1937b: 250 (w.q.) BRAZIL. brevicornis. Liometopum brevicome Mayr, 1878: 870 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Azteca: Emery, 1893b: 145. C u r r e n t subspecies: n o m i n a l plus boliviano.

Longino, 1992: 1 5 9 1 . ^cayennensis. Azteca gnava r. cayennensis Forel, 1912h: 49 (w.) FRENCH GUIANA. #cearensis. Azteca chartifexr. cearensis Forel, 1903c: 259 (w.) BRAZIL. cecropiae. Azteca alfari r. cecropiae Forel, 1906d: 240 (w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1908c: 387 (q.m.). See also: Forel, 1912h: 5 1 ; Stitz, 1 9 1 3 : 2 1 2 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5. #championi. Azteca foreli r. championi Forel, 1899c: 112 (w.) COLOMBIA. See also: Forel, 1912h: 50. chartifex. Azteca chartifex Forel, in Emery, 1896c: 4 (footnote), fig. 5 (w.) TRINIDAD. C u r r e n t subspe­ cies: n o m i n a l plus cearensis, decipiens, lanians, laticeps, multinida, spiriti, stalactitica. christopherseni. Azteca christopherseni Forel, 1912h: 52 (w.) PANAMA. #clariceps. Azteca lanuginosa var. clariceps Santschi, 1933e: 121 (w.) ARGENTINA. coeruleipennis. Azteca coeruleipennis Emery, 1893b: 130, pi. 1, figs. 1-11 (w.q.m.) COSTARICA. See also: Longino, 1992: 1583. #columbica. Azteca tonduzivar. columbica Forel, 1912h: 51 (w.) COLOMBIA. constructor. Azteca constructor Emery, 1896c: 2, figs. 2,

Species-Group Taxa

duroiae. Azteca duroiae Forel, 1904e: 697 (s.w.) BRA­ ZIL. Forel, 1 9 0 6 d : 2 4 1 (m.). #eiseni. Azteca eiseni Pergande, 1896: 8 6 8 (s.w.) MEX­ ICO. Variety of forelii: Forel, 1899c: 1 1 1 . elatior. Azteca traili r. tococae var. elatior Forel, 1906d: 239 (s.w.m.) BRAZIL. Wheeler, W.M. & Bequaert, 1929: 34 (q.). Unavailable n a m e (Shattuck, 1994: 30). #emarginatisquamis. Azteca pittieri var. emarginatisquomis Forel, 1921a: 2 0 4 (w.) COSTA RICA. emeryi. Azteca emeryi Forel, 1904e: 698 (s.w.q.) BRA­ ZIL. emmae. Azteca emmae Forel, 1904e: 702 (s.w.q.m.) COSTA RICA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of constructor: Longino, 1992: 1585. *eumeces. *Azteca eumeces Wilson, 1985c: 3 1 , fig. 9 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER (Oligocene). fasciata. Azteca fasciata Emery, 1893b: 143, pi. 2, figs. 83, 8 4 (q.) BOLIVIA. Emery, 1896c: 6 (w.). Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus laeta, nigricans, similis. fasciata. Azteca coeruleipennis var. fasciata Pergande, 1 8 9 6 : 8 6 7 (s.w.) MEXICO. [Junior primary h o m ­ o n y m of fasciata Emery, above.] Replacement n a m e : velox Forel, 1899c: 108.

3 (w.q.m.) COSTA RICA. Senior s y n o n y m of emmae

festai. Azteca festaiEmery, 1896b: 4, fig. 3 (w.) PAN­ AMA. Forel, 1899c: 118 (s.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of trigona: Forel, 1906d: 2 3 7 .

a n d guianae: Longino, 1992: 1585. #cordiae. Azteca ulei var. cordiae Forel, 1 9 0 4 e : 6 9 5 (s.w.)

fiebrigi. Azteca fiebrigi Forel, 1909a: 261 (s.w.q.m.) PARAGUAY.

BRAZIL. Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 246 (q.). #cordincola. Azteca longiceps r. cordincola Forel, 1921a: 203 (w.) BOLIVIA. Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 3 2 (s.q.). costaricensis. Azteca xanthochroa var. costaricensis Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 2 4 8 (w.) COSTA RICA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of xanthochroa: Longino, 1 9 9 2 : 1 5 9 4 . coussapoae. Azteca coussapoae Forel, 1904e: 700 (w.) BRAZIL. crassicornis. BRAZIL.

Azteca crassicornis Emery, 1893b: 147 (q.)

croceiscapa. Azteca goeldii st. croceiscapa Forel, 1915c: 3 6 1 . Nomen nudum, attributed to Emery. curtiscapa. Azteca alfari var. curtiscapa Forel, 1912h: 51 (w.q.) COSTA RICA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5. ttdecipiens. Azteca chartifexr. decipiens Forel, 1906d: 236 (w.) BRAZIL. [First available u s e of Azteca chartifex r. laticeps var. decipiens Forel, 1904c: 44; unavailable name.] delpini. Azteca delpini Emery, 1893b: 133, pi. 1, figs. 3 0 - 3 2 (s.w.) BRAZIL. C u r r e n t subspecies: n o m i n a l

tifilicis. Azteca traili var. filicis Forel, 1904e: 692 (w.) PERU. forelii. Azteca forelii Emery, 1893b: 137, pi. 2, figs. 50, 51 (s.w.) COSTARICA. C u r r e n t subspecies: n o m i ­ nal plus championi, eiseni, raptrix, ursina, xysticola: foveiceps. Aztecafoveiceps Wheeler, W.M. I921f: 163, fig. 16 (w.q.m.) GUIANA. fumaticeps. Azteca alfaroi var. fumaticeps Forel, 1909a: 250 (w.) MEXICO. Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 1 8 (q.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5. #gagatina. Azteca ulei var. gagatina Wheeler, W.M. & M a n n , in Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 4 6 (w.) BOLIVIA. Ugaigei. Azteca trigona r. gaigei Forel, 1914c: 6 1 8 (s.w.) COLOMBIA. gibbifera. Azteca ulei var. gibbifera Forel, 1908c: 392 (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of muelleri: Longino, 1992: 1 5 9 1 . gnava. Azteca paraensis r. gnava Forel, 1906d: 241 (s.w.) COSTA RICA. Raised to species: Forel, 1912h: 49. Current subspecies: norninal plus cayennensis, surubrensis.

plus antillana, trinidadensis. depilis. Azteca depilis Emery, 1893b: 139, pi. 2, figs. 3 7 -

godmani. AztecagodmaniForel, AMA.

42 (s.w.q.m.) BRAZIL. [Azteca depilis S c h u m a n n , 1 8 8 1 : 4 1 7 . Nomen nudum.] diegensis. Azteca delpini r. antillana var. diegensis Forel,

goeldii. Azteca goeldii Forel, 1906d: 2 4 5 (s.w.) BRAZIL. guadeloupensis. Azteca delpini r. antillana var.

1912h: 50 (w.) COLOMBIA. Unavailable n a m e (Shattuck, 1 9 9 4 : 3 0 ) .

78

1909a: 251

(w.) EL SALVADOR. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of muelleri:

dominicensis. Azteca delphini subsp. antillana var. dominicensis Wheeler, W.M. 1913d: 2 4 3 (w.) DOMI­ NICA. Unavailable n a m e (Shattuck, 1994: 30). #dubia. Aztecaschumannisubsp. dubia M a n n , 1916: 469, pi. 2, fig. 15 (s.w.m.) BRAZIL. duckei. Azteca duckeiForel, 1906d: 2 4 3 , fig. 2 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL.

1899c: 114 (q.) PAN­

guadeloupensisForel, 1899c: 111 (w.) ANTILLES. Unavailable n a m e (Shattuck, 1994: 30).

guianae. Azteca constructor var guianae Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 2 6 (w.q.) GUIANA. Junior synonym of constructor: Longino, 1992: 1585. heinii. Azteca alfaroi var. heinii Menozzi, 1935b: 199. Nomen nudum, attributed to Forel. huberi. Azteca huberi Forel, 1906d: 2 4 4 (s.w.) BRAZIL. hypophytta. Azteca hypophylla Forel, 1899c: 120 (foot­ note) (s.w.) COLOMBIA. iheringi. Azteca iheringi For A, 1915c: 359 (s.w.) BRA­ ZIL.

lynchi. Azteca lynchi Brethes, 1914a: 93 (w.) BOLIVIA. Variety of alfari, and senior synonym of argentina: Bruch, 1915: 534; Gallardo, 1 9 1 5 : 2 0 . Junior syn­ o n y m of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5. #major. Azteca instabilis var. major For A, 1899c: 107 (w.) PANAMA. #mathildae. Azteca trigona r. mathildae Forel, 1906d: 2 3 8 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Subspecies of tonduzi: Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 245; of trigona: Kempf, 1972a: 35; Shattuck, 1994: 27.

instabilis. Tapinoma instabilis Smith, F. 1862b: 31 (w.) PANAMA. Emery, 1893b: 135 (s.); Emery, 1896b: 2 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1951: 193 (1.). Combination in Liometopum: Mayr, 1878: 870; in Azteca:Emery, 1893b: 135. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1907a: 276. Current subspecies: nominal plus major, mexicana.

mayrii. Azteca mayrii Emery, 1893b: 143, pi. 2, figs. 81, 82 (q.) BRAZIL. #mediops. Azteca festai r. mediops Forel, 1904c: 4 3 (w.) BRAZIL. Race of trigona: Forel, 1906d: 237; Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 330. Subspecies of tonduzi: Wheeler, W.M. 1942:245; of trigona: Kempf, 1972a: 35.

isthmica. Azteca xanthochroa subsp. isthmica Wheeler,

#menceps. Azteca theresiae var. menceps Forel, 1912h: 54 (w.) PANAMA. Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 4 0 (s.q.m.). merida. Azteca merida Longino, 1 9 9 2 : 1 5 8 9 , figs. 13, 14, 30, 45 (w.q.) VENEZUELA. ^mexicana. Azteca instabilis var. mexicana Emery, 1896b: 3 (w.) MEXICO. minor. Azteca minor Forel, 1904e: 696 (w.q.) BRAZIL. mixta. Azteca alfari var. mixta Forel, 1908c: 386 (w.q.m.) PARAGUAY. Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5. muelleri. Azteca muelleri Emery, 1893b: 131, pi. 1, figs. 12-15 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. Senior synonym of nigella: Wheeler, W.M. 1942:236; of brunni, gibbifera, janeirensis, nigella, nigridens, and wacketi: Longino, 1992: 1591. Current subspecies: nominal plus pal­ lida, terminalis. ttmultinida. Azteca chartifex r. multinida Forel, 1899c: 117 (footnote) (w.) COLOMBIA. nigella. Azteca nigella Emery, 1893b: 132, pi. 1, figs. 2 3 , 2 4 (w.) BRAZIL. Variety of muelleri: Emery, 1912g: 34. Junior synonym of muelleri: Wheeler, W.M. 1942:236; Longino, 1 9 9 2 : 1 5 9 1 . #nigra. Azteca velox r. nigra Forel, 1912h: 4 8 (w.q.m.) PANAMA.

W.M. 1942: 249 (w.q.) PANAMA. Raised to species: Longino, 1992: 1588. janeirensis. Azteca muelleri var. janeirensis Forel, 1912h: 48 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of muelleri: Longino, 1992: 1591. jelskii. Azteca jelskii Emery, 1893b: 138, pi. 2, figs. 52, 53 (s.w.) FRENCH GUIANA. Ujuruensis. Azteca longiceps var. juruensis Forel, 1904e: 699 (s.w.q.m.) BRAZIL. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1942:233. lacrymosa. Azteca lacrymosa Forel, 1899c: 116 (s.w.) COSTA RICA. Junior synonym of aurita: Forel, 1906d: 237. #laeta. Azteca fasciata subsp. laeta Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 227 (q.) PANAMA. lallemandi. Azteca lallemandi Forel, 1899c: 119 (foot­ note) (s.w.) COLOMBIA. langi. Azteca alfari var. langi Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 1 8 (w.q.m.) GUIANA. Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5. Ulanians. Azteca chartifex subsp. laniansEmtry, 1912g: 32 (s.w.) BRAZIL. [First available use of Azteca chartifexr. decipiens var. laniens Forel, 1906d: 237; unavailable name.] lanuginosa. Azteca lanuginosa Emery, 1893b: 141, pi. 2, fig. 4 7 (w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1908c: 389 (q.m.). Cur­ rent subspecies: nominal plus clariceps, pruinosa. Ulaticeps. Azteca chartifexr. laticeps Forel, 1899c: 117 (w.) COSTA RICA. lattkei. Azteca lattke Longino, 1992:1588, figs. 17, 32, 45 (w.) VENEZUELA. longiceps. Azteca longiceps Emery, 1893b: 144, pi. 2, figs. 64, 65 (q.) COSTARICA. Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 230 (s.w.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1951: 193 (1.). Current subspecies: nominal plus cordincola, juruensis, patruelis, sapii. lucida. Azteca alfaroi r. lucida For'el, 1899c: 113 (s.w.) GUATEMALA. Raised to species: Forel, 1912h: 5 1 . Subspecies of alfari: Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 223. Revived status as species: Longino, 1 9 8 9 : 1 3 . lucidula. Azteca alfaroi r. lucidula Forel, 1899c: 113 (w.q.m.) GUATEMALA. Raised to species: Forel, 1912h: 51. Subspecies of alfari: Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 2 2 ; Kempf, 1972a; 29. Junior synonym of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5. luederwaldti. Azteca luederwaldti Forel, 1909a: 261 (s.w.) PARAGUAY.

^nigricans. Azteca fasciata var. nigricans Forel, 1899c: 122 (q.) PANAMA. ttnigricornis. Azteca uleir. nigricornis Forel, 1904e: 695 (s.w.) BRAZIL. nigridens. Azteca muelleri var. nigridens Forel, 1908c: 392 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of muelleri: Longino, 1 9 9 2 : 1 5 9 1 . #nigriventris. Azteca velox var. nigriventris Forel, 1899c: 109 (s.w.q.) COLOMBIA. Race of velox: Forel, 1906d: 241; Forel, 19I2h: 48. olitrix. Azteca olitrixFoxA, 1904e: 693 (w.q.) BRAZIL. ovaticeps. Azteca alfaroi var. ovaticeps Forel, 1904c: 4 4 (w.q.) BRAZIL. Raised to species, and senior syn­ o n y m of aequalis, aequilata, and tuberosa: Longino, 1989:8. ^pallida. Azteca muelleri var. pallida Stitz, 1937: 135 (w.) MEXICO. paraensis. Azteca velox r. paraensis Forel, 1904c: 45 (w.) BRAZIL. Raised to species: Forel, 1906d: 240. Cur­ rent subspecies: nominal plus bondari. Upatruelis. Azteca longiceps subsp. patruelis Forel, 1908c: 392 (footnote) (s.w.q.) MEXICO. petalocephala. Azteca petalocephala Longino, 1992: 1592, figs. 12, 27, 45 (w.q.) BOLIVIA.

pilosula. Azteca aurita r. pilosula Forel, 1899c: 115, pi. 4, fig. 15 (q.) COSTA RICA. Junior synonym of aurita: Forel, 1912h: 54. pittieri. Azteca pittieri Forel, 1899c: 120, pi. 4, fig. 16 (w.) COSTA RICA. Menozzi, 1927d: 337 (q.m.). See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 3 7 . Current subspecies: nominal plus emarginatisquamis. polymorpha. Azteca polymorpha Forel, 1899c: 121 (foot­ note) (s.w.) COLOMBIA. Forel, 1912h: 56 (q.). Cur­ rent subspecies: nominal plus bahiana. prorsa. Azteca prorsa Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 3 8 , pi. 56, fig. a (s.w.) GUATEMALA. #pruinosa. Azteca lanuginosa subsp. pruinosa Mann, 1 9 1 6 : 4 7 2 (w.) BRAZIL. #raptrix. Azteca foreli var. raptrix Forel, 1912h: 50 (w.) COLOMBIA. #rectinota. Azteca velox var. rectinota Forel, 1908b: 61 (w.) COSTARICA. #rochai. Azteca veloxr. rochaiForA, ZIL.

1912h: 4 9 (w.) BRA­

#rossi. Azteca ulei subsp. rasz Forel, 1909a: 251 (w.) MEXICO. salti. Azteca xanthochroa subsp. salti Wheeler, W.M., in Wheeler, W.M. & Darlington, 1 9 3 0 : 1 1 4 (w.q.) COLOMBIA. [Also described as n e w by Wheeler, W.M. 1942:250.] Raised to species: Longino, 1992: 1593. #sapii. Azteca longiceps r. sapii Forel, 1912h: 56 (w.q.) BRAZIL. schimperi. Azteca schimperi Emery, 1893b: 140, pi. 2, figs. 4 3 - i 6 (s.w.) COSTA RICA. Forel, 1908c: 387 (q.m.). schumannii. Azteca schumannii Emery, 1893b: 145, pi. 2, figs. 7 2 - 7 5 (w.q.) VENEZUELA. Current subspe­ cies: norninal plus dubia, taediosa. sericea. Iridomyrmexsericeus Mayr, 1866a: 498, pi. fig. 8 (w.) MEXICO. Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 239 (q.). Com­ bination in Azteca: Forel, 1878: 384. Junior syn­ o n y m of instabilis: Mayr, 1878: 870. Revived from synonymy: Emery, 1893b: 134. severini. Azteca severini Emery, 1896c: 5, fig. 7 (w.) BRAZIL. #silvae. Azteca lacrymosa r. silvae Forel, 1899c: 116 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Race of aurita: Forel, 1906d: 237. tisimilis. Azteca fasciata var. similis Mann, 1 9 1 6 : 4 7 2 (s.w.) BRAZIL. tispiriti. Azteca chartifex var. spiriti Forel, 1912h: 52 (w.) BRAZIL. spuria. Azteca trigona r. mathildae var. spuria Forel, 1906d: 238 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable name (Shattuck, 1994: 31). #stalactitica. Azteca chartifex subsp. stalactitica Emery, 1896c: 4, fig. 6 (w.) BRAZIL. stanleyuli. AztecastanleyuliForel, ZIL.

1921a: 202 (w.) BRA­

stigmatica. Azteca stigmatica Emery, 1896c: 6, fig. 8 (w.) BRAZIL. Steffi. AztecastolliForel, 1912h: 54 (w.) GUATEMALA. tisubdentata. Azteca festai r. subdentata Forel, 1904c: 4 3 (w.) BRAZIL. Menozzi, 1935b: 200 (q.). Subspecies of trigona:Forel, I 9 0 6 d : 2 3 7 . subopaca. Azteca nigella var. subopaca Forel, 1899c: 110 (q.) PANAMA. Raised to species: Emery, 1912g: 34. #surubrensis. Azteca gnava var. surubrensis Forel, 1912h: 49 (w.) PANAMA. [First available use of Azteca

Species-Group Taxa

79

AZTECA

(continued)

Revived status as species: Emery, 1896c: 2. Senior s y n o n y m of costaricensis: Longino, 1992: 1594.

paraensis subsp. gnava var. surubrensis Forel, 1908b: 62; unavailable n a m e . ] tachigaliae. Azteca tachigaliae Forel, 1904e: 701 (w.) PERU. #taediosa.

Azteca schumanni var. taediosa Forel, 1904c:

42 (W.) BRAZIL. Itterminalis. Azteca muelleri subsp. terminalis M a n n , 1916: 470, pi. 2, fig. 16 (s.) BRAZIL. theresiae. Azteca theresiaeForel, 1899b: 303 (w.) COLOMBIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1899d: 276.] Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus menceps. #tillandsiarum.

Azteca traili var. tillandsiarum Wheeler,

W.M. 1942: 243 (w.q.) GUIANA. tttococae. Azteca traili var. tococae Forel, 1904e: 693 (w.m.) BRAZIL. Subspecies of traili: Forel, 1906d: 239. tonduzi. Azteca tonduzi Forel, 1899c: 114 (w.m.) COSTA RICA. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus col­ umbica. trailii. Azteca trailiiEmery, 1893b: 133, pi. 1, figs. 3 3 36 (s.w.m.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1904e: 692 (q.). See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 4 3 . Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus filicis, tillandsiarum, tococae. trianguliceps. Azteca trianguliceps Forel, 1912h: 53 (w.q.) BRAZIL. trigona. Azteca trigona Emery, 1893b: 146, pi. 2, figs. 79, 80 (q.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1896b: 3 (w.); Forel, 1907e: 8 (m.). Senior s y n o n y m oi festai: Forel, 1906d: 2 3 7 . Current subspecies: norninal phisgaigei, mathildae, mediops, subdentata. #trinidadensis. Azteca velox var. trinidadensis Forel, 1899c: 109 (s.w.q.) TRINIDAD. Race of velox: Forel, 1912h: 49; subspecies of delpini: Forel, 1908c: 3 9 1 ; Emery, 1912g: 32; Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 14. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 227. tuberosa. Azteca alfari r. tuberosa Forel, 1906d: 240 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. [Azteca alfarir. tuberosa Forel, 1905b: 159. Nomen nudum.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of ovaticeps: Longino, 1989: 8. ulei. Azteca ulei Forel, 1904e: 6 9 4 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Cur­ rent subspecies: n o m i n a l plus cordiae, gagatina, nigricomis, rossi. #ursina. Azteca foreli r. ursinaForel, 1899c: 112 (s.w.m.) TRINIDAD. velox. Azteca velox Forel, 1899c: 108, pi. 4, fig. 13 (s.w.q.m.) MEXICO. Replacement n a m e for fasciata Pergande, 1896: 867. [Junior p r i m a r y h o m o n y m of fasciata Emery, 1893b: 143.] Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus nigra, nigriventris, rectinota, rochai. virens. Azteca virens Forel, 1899c: 115 (footnote) (w.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of alfari: Longino, 1989: 5. wacketi. Azteca muelleri var. wacketi Emery, in Forel, 1908c: 391 (footnote) (w.m.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of muelleri: Longino, 1992: 1591. xanthochroa. Liometopum xanthochroum Roger, 1863a: 167 (q.) MEXICO. Mayr, 1866a: 4 9 7 (w.); Emery, 1896c: 2 (w.); Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 247 (1.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1 9 5 1 : 193 (1.). Combi­ n a t i o n in Azteca: Forel, 1878: 384. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of instabilis: Mayr, 1878: 870. Revived from synon­ y m y as variety of instabilis: Emery, 1893b: 137.

80

Species-Group Taxa

ttxysticola. Azteca foreli var. xysticola Forel, 1899c: 111 (w.) COLOMBIA. zonalis. Azteca alfari subsp. lucidula var. zonalis Wheeler, W M . 1942:222 (w.q.) PANAMA. Unavailable n a m e ; material referred t o alfari by Longino, 1989: 7. *BAIKURIS

(Russia)

*mandibularis.

BELONOPELTA

*Baikuris mandibularis DIussky, 1987:

134, fig. 2 (m.) RUSSIA (Cretaceous). *mirabilis.

*Baikurismirabilis

DIussky, 1987: 134, fig. 3

(m.) RUSSIA (Cretaceous). BAJCARIDRIS

B r o w n , 1974c: 140 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1980: 537 (1.). Combination in Ceratobasis: Smith, F. 1860c: 78; in Basiceros: Wheeler, W.M. 1916c: 9. See also: B r o w n , 1949f: 88. squamifer. Basiceros squamifer Borgmeier, 1937b: 2 4 5 , figs. 3 0 - 3 3 (w.q.) BRAZIL. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of con­ vexiceps: B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 172.

attenuata.

(Neotropical)

Belonopelta attenuata Mayr, 1870a: 395, pi.

1, fig. 11 (w.) COLOMBIA. See also: Baroni Urbani, 1975b: 300. crassicornis Emery, 1897; see u n d e r curvata Mayr, 1887; see u n d e r

(North Africa)

kraussii. Formica kraussiiFore], 1895d: 231 (w.) ALGE­ RIA. Emery, 1899b: 18 (m.); Forel, 1902a: 155 (m.). Combination in Formica (Proformica): Emery, 1909b: 204; in Bajcaridris: Agosti, 1994a: 99. menozzii. Proformica menozzii Santschi, 1923a: 137 (w.) ALGERIA. Combination in Bajcaridris: Agosti, 1994a: 99. theryi. Formica (Proformica) theryi Santschi, 1936c: 209, fig. 6 (w.) MOROCCO. Espadaler & Cagniant, 1 9 8 7 : 1 3 3 (m.). Combination in Proformica: Cagni­ ant, 1 9 6 4 : 1 1 0 ; in Bajcaridris: Agosti, 1994a: 99.

CRYPTOPONE.

SIMOPELTA.

darwinii Forel, 1893; see u n d e r

PACHYCONDYLA.

deletrix. Belonopelta (Belonopelta) deletrixMann, 1922: 9, fig. 4 (w.) HONDURAS. Wilson, 1955b: 82 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1964b: 452 (1.). Combi­ n a t i o n in Leiopelta: Baroni Urbani, 1975b: 309; in Belonopelta: r e v i v e d c o m b i n a t i o n . franzi Baroni Urbani, 1975; see u n d e r EMERYOPONE. indica Emery, 1899; see u n d e r PACHYCONDYLA. indica Forel, 1900; see u n d e r jeckylli M a n n , 1916; see u n d e r

PACHYCONDYLA. SIMOPELTA.

loebli Baroni Urbani, 197 5; see u n d e r madecassa Emery, 1899; see u n d e r

EMERYOPONE.

PACHYCONDYLA.

BARACIDRIS (Afrotropical) meketra. Baracidris meketra Bolton, 1981b: 2 5 5 , figs.

minima Brandao, 1989; see u n d e r SIMOPELTA. pergandei Forel, 1909; see u n d e r SIMOPELTA.

12, 13 (w.q.) NIGERIA. sitra. Baracidrissitra Bolton, 1981b: 256, fig. 14 (w.)

BICONOMYRMA: see u n d e r

GABON. BARIAMYRMA hispidula.

BISOLENOPSIS: see u n d e r (Venezuela)

BLEPHARIDATTA

Bariamyrma hispidula Lattke, 1990a: 174,

figs. 1-4 (q.) VENEZUELA. BARBOURELLA: see u n d e r BARONIURBANIA: see u n d e r

GNAMPTOGENYS. LEPISIOTA.

BASICEROS (Neotropical) conjugans. Basiceros conjugans B r o w n , 1974c: 134, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.m.) EQUADOR. convexiceps. Ceratobasis convexiceps Mayr, 1887: 581 (w.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1922f: 328 (m.). Combination in Basiceros: Emery, 1922f: 3 2 8 . Senior s y n o n y m of squamifer: B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 172. disciger. Ceratobasis discigerMayr, 1887: 581 (w.) BRA­ ZIL. B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 180 (q.); B r o w n , 1974c: 140 (m.). Combination in Basiceros: Emery, 1922f: 328; in Aspididris: B r o w n & K e m p f , 1960: 179; in Basiceros: B r o w n , 1974c: 140. manni. Basiceros manni B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 177, figs. 3, 11 (w.q.) COSTARICA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1983: 607 (1.). See also: Holldobler & Wilson, 1986: 12; Wilson & Holldobler, 1986: 70. militaris. Aspididris militaris Weber, 1950c: 3, fig. 1 (w.q.) TRINIDAD. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955a: 114 (1.). Combination in Basiceros: B r o w n , 1974c: 134. See also: B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 1 8 1 . redux. Rhopalothrix redux Donisthorpe, 1939c: 152 (m.) GUIANA. Combination in Basiceros: n e w c o m ­ b i n a t i o n . See also: B r o w n & Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 1 6 4 . singularis. Meranoplus singularis Smith, F. 1858b: 195, pi. 13, figs. 6 - 1 0 (w., n o t q.; see B r o w n & Kempf, 1960: 175) BRAZIL. Wheeler, W.M. 1916c: 9 (q.);

DORYMYRMEX. SOLENOPSIS.

(Neotropical)

brasiliensis. Blepharidatta brasiliensis Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 484, fig. 1 (w.) BRAZIL. Kempf, 1975c: 369 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1991a: 134 (1.). conops. Blepharidatta conopsKempf, 5 (w.) BRAZIL. BONDROITIA

1967d: 355, figs. 4,

(Afrotropical)

coecum. Monomorium (Martia) coecum Forel, 1911c: 299 (footnote) (w.) SWITZERLAND (locality in error, see Bolton, 1987: 277). Combination in Monomor­ ium (Bondroitia): Forel, 1911c: 300; in Diplomorium (Bondroitia): Forel, 1911d: 398; in Bondroitia: Forel, 1915d: 38; in Diplomorium: Emery, 1922e: 195. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lujae: Bolton, 1 9 8 7 : 2 7 7 . lujae. Diplomorium lujae Forel, 1909b: 72 (w.q.m.) ZAIRE. Combination in Diplomorium (Bondroitia): Forel, 191 I d : 398; in Bondroitia: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 877; i n Diplomorium: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 0 0 ; in Bondroitia, a n d senior s y n o n y m of coecum: Bolton, 1987:277. saharensis. Diplomorium saharensis Santschi, 1923e: 278 (q.m.) NIGER. Combination in Bondroitia: Bol­ ton, 1987: 2 7 7 . BORGMEIERITA: see u n d e r

GLAMYROMYRMEX.

BOTHRIOMYRMEX (Palaearctic, Oriental, Australia) adriacus. Bothriomyrmex meridionalis var. adriaca Santschi, 1922a: 66 (w., n o t q., see Emery, 1925e; 15) ITALY. Emery, 1925e: 16 (q.m.). Raised to spe­ cies: Emery, 1925e: 1 5 . Senior s y n o n y m of ionius: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 5 7 . Current subspe­ cies: norninal plus anatolicus.

#aequalis. Bothriomyrmex pusillus var. aequalis Forel, 1902h: 4 7 6 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Subspecies of pusillus: Forel, 1907h: 287. #anatolicus. Bothriomyrmex adriacus subsp. anatolicus Emery, 1925e: 16, fig. A l l (w.) TURKEY. atlantis. Bothriomyrmex meridionalis r. atlantis Forel, 1894d: 14 (w.q.) ALGERIA. Raised to species: Santschi, 191 If: 79. See also: Santschi, 1919i: 210. Current subspecies: nominal plus inquilinus, perfidus. hemardi. Bothriomyrmex meridionalis bernardi Bernard, 1950a: 20. Nomen nudum. [Material apparentiy attributed to Bothriomyrmex corsicus by Bernard, 1967:266.] breviceps. Bothriomyrmex breviceps Santschi, 1919i: 207, pi. 2, figs. 3, 4 (w.q.m.) TUNISIA. communistus. Bothriomyrmex meridionalis var. communista Santschi, 1919i: 206, pi. 2, fig. 2 (w.) UKRAINE. Emery, 1925e: 11 (m.); Karavaiev, 1927d: 341 (q.). Raised to species: Emery, 1925e: 10. See also: DIussky, 1962: 180; Atanassov & DIussky, 1 9 9 2 : 1 9 5 . corsicus. Bothriomyrmex meridionalis var. Corsica Santschi, 1923a: 136 (q.) CORSICA. Emery, 1925e: 12 (w.); Bernard, 1967: 266 (m.). Raised to species: Emery, 1925e: 12. Current subspecies: nominal plus liguricus, mohelensis. costae. Bothriomyrmexcostae Emery, 1869c: 118 (q.m.) ITALY. Junior synonym of meridionalis: Mayr, 1870b: 954; Emery, 1912g: 28. Revived from synon­ ymy as variety of meridionalis: Santschi, 19I9i: 205. Revived status as species: Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 164. crosi. Bothriomyrmex crosi Santschi, 1919i: 212, pi. 3, figs. 3 2 - 3 7 (w.q.m.) ALGERIA. cuculus. Bothriomyrmex cuculus Santschi, 1919i: 208, pi. 2, figs. 17, 18 (w.q.) TUNISIA. #dalyi. Bothriomyrmexwroughtonir. dalyiPorel 1895e: 469 (diagnosis in key) (w.) INDIA. Raised to species: Bingham, 1903: 307. Subspecies of wroughtonii: Emery, 1912g: 29; Santschi, 1919i:202. decapitans. Bothriomyrmexdecapitans 78, fig. 10c (w.q.m.) TUNISIA.

Santschi, 191 if:

dimmocki Wheeler, W.M. 1915; see under

TAPINOMA.

emarginatus. Bothriomyrmex emarginatus Santschi, 1919i: 209, pi. 2, fig. 11 (q.) TUNISIA. flavus. Bothriomyrmex flavus Crawley, 1922c: 27, fig. 15 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. #formosensis. Bothriomyrmex wroughtoni r. formosensis Forel, 1913f: 197 (w.) TAIWAN. [Misspelled as formosaeby Santschi, 1919i: 202.] gallicus. Bothriomyrmex corsicus subsp. galliots Emery, 1925e: 13, figs. A8, B5, C5 (w.q.m.) SWITZER­ LAND. Junior synonym of corsicus: Bernard, 1967: 266. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Kutter, 1971: 269. See also: Kutter, 1977c: 176. gibbus. Bothriomyrmex meridionalis subsp. gibbus Soudek, 1925c: 216, figs. 1-10 (w.q.m.) CZECHO­ SLOVAKIA. Raised to species: Emery, 1925e: 14. See also: Stitz, 1939: 226; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 57; Shattuck, 1994: 34. hispanicus. Bothriomyrmex meridionalis var. hispanicus Santschi, 1922a: 66 (w.q.) SPAIN. Menozzi, 1922b: 330 (m.). Raised to species: Emery, 1925e: 10. tihungaricus. Bothriomyrmex meridionalis var. hungarica Roszler, 1942b: 39 (w.) HUNGARY.

#inquilinus. Bothriomyrmex inquilinus Santschi, 1919i: 209, pi. 2, figs. 1 4 - 1 6 (w.q.) TUNISIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1951: 190 (1.). Variety of atlantis: Santschi, 1922a: 6 6 . ionius. Bothriomyrmex adriacus subsp. ionius Emery, 1925e: 16 (w.) GREECE. Junior synonym of adria­ cus: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 57. iranicus. Bothriomyrmex iranicus Arnol'di, 1 9 4 8 : 2 1 2 . Nomen nudum. jannonei. Bothriomyrmex jannonei Menozzi, 1936d: 295, fig. 15, 1-1 (w.m.) GREECE. #javanus. Bothriomyrmex wroughtoni var. javana Forel, 1909d:229 (q.) JAVA. kusnezovi. Bothriomyrmex kusnezovi Emery, 1925e: 12, fig. A5 (w.) TURKESTAN. Tarbinsky, 1976: 125 (q.m.). laticeps. Bothriomyrmex corsicus subsp. laticeps Emery, 1925e: 14,fig.A9 (w.) FRANCE. Santschi, 1927b: 127 (q.m.). Junior synonym of corsicus: Bernard, 1967: 266. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 7 6 . #liguricus. Bothriomyrmex corsicus var. ligurica Emery, 1925e: 13, fig. A7 (w.) ITALY. Menozzi, 1932a: 9 (q.m.l.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1 9 5 1 : 1 9 0 (1.). #marocanus. Bothriomyrmex meridionalis var. marocanus Santschi, 1923f: 335 (q.m.) MOROCCO.

rogeri. Bothriomyrmex rogeri Emery, 1924c: 168, fig. B, 1-7 (w.m.) SPAIN. Junior synonym oisaundersi: Emery, 1925e: 9. rossi. Bothriomyrmex rossi Donisthorpe, 1950a: 340 (w.) NEW GUINEA. salsurae. Bothriomyrmex salsurae Donisthorpe, 1944e: 100 (w.q.m.) ALGERIA. saundersi. Bothriomyrmex regicidus var. saundersi Santschi, 1922a: 67 (q.m.) SPAIN. Raised to species, and senior synonym of rogeri: Emery, 1925e: 9. scissor. Bothriomyrmex scissor Crawley, 1922c: 29, fig. 16 (q.) AUSTRALIA. sicula. Bothriomyrmex adriacus subsp. ionius var. sicula Emery, 1925e: 17 (w.) ITALY. Unavailable name (Shattuck, 1994: 38). syrius. Bothriomyrmex meridionalis var. syria Forel, 1910a: 13 (w.) LEBANON. Tohme, H. & Tohme, G. 1981: 97 (q.m.l.). Raised to species: Emery, 1925e: 11. See also: Menozzi, 1933b: 78; Shattuck, 1994: 37. turcomenicus. Bothriomyrmex syrius subsp. turcomenicus Emery, 1925e: 11, fig. A4 (w.) TURKESTAN. Raised to species: DIussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1 9 9 0 : 1 7 1 . #victoriae. Bothriomyrmex wroughtonii var. victoriae Forel, 1 8 9 5 e : 4 6 9 (diagnosis in key) (w.) HONG KONG.

menozzii. Bothriomyrmex menozzii Emery, 1925e: 17, figs. B8, C8 (q.m.) ITALY. Kutter, 1 9 7 1 : 2 7 0 (w.). See also: Kutter, 1977c: 176.

walshi. Bothriomyrmex walshi Forel, 1895e:471 (w.q.)

meridionalis. Tapinoma meridionale Roger, 1863a: 165 (w.) FRANCE. Andre, 1882b: 218 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1951: 190 (1.). Combination in Bothriomyrmex: Mayr, 1870b: 954. See also: Santschi, 1919i: 204; Emery, 1925e: 7. Current sub­ species: nominal plus hungaricus, marocanus.

fig. 5 (w.) AUSTRALIA. wroughtonii. Bothriomyrmex wroughtoniiPorel

modestus. Bothriomyrmex modestus Radchenko, 1985b: 64, figs. 1-13 (w.q.m.) UKRAINE. #mohelensis. Bothriomyrmex corsicus subsp. mohelensis Novak, in Novak & Sadil, 1 9 4 1 : 9 7 (w.q.m.) CZECHOSLOVAKIA. [Also described as n e w by Novak, in Kratochvil, Novak & Snoflak, 1944:106.]

INDIA. See also: Bingham, 1903: 306. wilsoni. Bothriomyrmex wilsoni Clark, 1934b: 39, pi. 3, 1895e:

470 (w.q.m.) INDIA. See also: Bingham, 1903: 307. Current subspecies: nominal plus dalyi, formosensis, javanus, victoriae. BOTHROPONERA: see under BRACHYMYRMEX cies)

PACHYCONDYLA.

(Neotropical, Nearctic; tramp spe­

admotus. Brachymyrmex admotus Mayr, 1887: 5 2 3 (w.q.) BRAZIL. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1982: 178 (1.).

myops. Bothriomyrmex myops Forel, 1895e:471 (w.q.) INDIA. Combination in Bothriomyrmex (Chro­ noxenus): Donisthorpe, 1944e: 102. See also: Bingham, 1903: 306.

#andinus. Brachymyrmex levis var. andina Santschi, 1923b: 659 (w.) ARGENTINA. antennatus. Brachymyrmex (Bryscha) antennatus Santschi, 1929d: 312, fig. 35 (w.q.) BRAZIL.

nigrescens. Bothriomyrmex nigrescens Kutter, 1971: 268. Nomen nudum; attributed to Santschi.

#aphidicola. Brachymyrmex heeri var. aphidicola Forel, 1909a: 263 (w.) PARAGUAY. Forel, 1912i: 62 (q.).

pallidus Donisthorpe, 1938; see under ACROPYGA. #perfidus. Bothriomyrmex atlantis var. perfidus Santschi, 1926e: 235 (w.q.) TUNISIA. pubens. Bothriomyrmex pubens Santschi, 1919i: 210, pi. 3, figs. 19-25 (w.q.m.) TUNISIA. pumicatus. Bothriomyrmex pumicatus Wasmann, 1894: 100. Nomen nudum. [The name appears to be a gross error for Bothroponera pumicata Ray, in Raffray, 1887: 21, itself a misinterpretation of Bothroponera pumicosa; see footnote in Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 921.] pusillus. Tapinomapusillum Mayr, 1876: 83 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1951: 189 (l.);Imai, Crozier & Taylor, 1977: 345 (k.). Combination in Bothriomyrmex: Forel, 1879a: 127. Cur­ rent subspecies: norninal plus aequalis. regicidus. Bothriomyrmex regicidus Santschi, 19191.206, pi. 2, figs. 5 - 1 0 (w.q.m.) TUNISIA.

#atratulus. Brachymyrmexpatagonicus var. atratula Santschi, 1923b: 657, fig. 3 (w.) ARGENTINA. #attenuatus. Brachymyrmex luederwaldti st. attenuatus Santschi, 1929d: 310 (w.) BRAZIL. australis. Brachymyrmex minutus r. australis Forel, 1901d: 302 (w.) BRAZIL. Raised to species: Santschi, 1922d: 260. See also: Santschi, 1923b: 662. Current subspecies: nominal plus curtus. #balboae. Brachymyrmexpictus subsp. balboae Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 4 2 : 2 5 3 (w.q.m.) PANAMA. #basalis. Brachymyrmex heeri var. basalis Wheeler, W.M. 1921f: 166 (w.) GUIANA. ^bonariensis. Brachymyrmex constrictus st. bonariensis Santschi, 1933e: 122, figs. 20, 21 (w.) ARGENTINA. brevicornoeides. Brachymyrmex patagonicus var. brevicornoeides Forel, 1914d: 287 (w.q.m.) ARGEN­ TINA. Treated as junior synonym of nigricans: Santschi, 1923b: 657. [Incorrect procedure as

Species-Group Taxa

81

BRACHYMYRMEX (continued) brevicornoeides is senior name and nigricans its junior synonym.] brevicornis. Brachymyrmex brevicornis Emery, 1906c: 180, figs. 38, 4 0 , 4 1 (w.q.m.) ARGENTINA. bruchi. Brachymyrmex bruchi Forel, 1912i: 6 4 (w.m.) ARGENTINA. Santschi, 1929d: 309 (q.). Current subspecies: nominal plus rufipes. cavernicola. Brachymyrmex cavemicola Wheeler, W.M. 1938: 252 (w.m.) MEXICO. coactus. Brachymyrmex coactus Mayr, 1887: 523 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. Current subspecies: nominal plus nictitans, robustus. constrictus. Brachymyrmex constrictus Santschi, 1923b: 671, figs. 5, 38, 61 (w.) BOLIVIA. Current subspe­ cies: nominal plus bonariensis. cordemoyi. Brachymyrmex patagonicus var. cordemoyi Forel, 1895a: 4 9 (w.) REUNION I. Emery, 1906c: 180 (q.m.). Raised to species: Emery, 1906c: 179. Subspecies of patagonicus:Forel, 1908c: 399; Forel, 1912k: 165; Santschi, 1912e: 533. Raised to species: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1036; Emery, 1925b: 4 1 . Cur­ rent subspecies: nominal plus distinctus. #cordobensis. Brachymyrmexgiardi var. cordobensis Santschi, 1929d: 309 (w.) ARGENTINA. #curtus. Brachymyrmex australis var. curta Santschi, 1922d: 260 (q.m.) ARGENTINA. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1923b: 663.] decedens Mayr, 1887; see under ACROPYGA. degener. Brachymyrmex coactus subsp. degener Emery, 1906c: 177 (w.) BRAZIL. Raised to species: Santschi, 1923b: 670. Current subspecies: nominal plus niger. depilis. Brachymyrmex heeri subsp. depilisEmery, 1893i: 635 (w.q.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1968: 2 1 0 (1.). Raised to species: Santschi, 1923b: 663. Senior synonym of nanellus: Creighton, 1950a: 359; of flavescens: Cole, 1953g:266. #distinctus. Brachymyrmex cordemoyi var. distincta Santschi, 1923b: 658, figs. 6, 50, 59 (w.q.) ARGEN­ TINA. donisthorpei. Brachymyrmex donisthorpei Santschi, 1939e: 320, figs. 4, 5 (w.) COLOMBIA. #fallax, Brachymyrmex heeri var. fallax Santschi, 1923b: 665, fig. 29 (w.) PARAGUAY. Santschi, 1925e: 168 (q.). fiebrigi. Brachymyrmex fiebrigi Forel, 1908c: 4 0 0 (w.) PARAGUAY. Santschi, 1922d: 260 (q.m.). Current subspecies: nominal plus fumidus, funicularis. flavescens. Brachymyrmex depilis subsp. flavescens Grundmann, 1 9 5 2 : 1 1 7 (w.) U.S.A. Junior syn­ onym of depilis: Cole, 1953g: 266. flavidulus. Plagiolepisflavidula Roger, 1863a: 162 (w.) CUBA. Combination in Brachymyrmex: Smith, M.R. 1955b: 99. #fumidus. Brachymyrmex fiebrigi var. fumida Santschi, 1923b: 661 (w.) ARGENTINA. ^funicularis. Brachymyrmex fiebrigi var. funicularis Santschi, 1922d: 260 (w.) ARGENTINA. ttfusculus. Brachymyrmex levis var. fuscula Emery, 1906c: 178 (w.q.) ARGENTINA. gagates. Brachymyrmex gagates Wheeler, W.M. 1934g: 2 0 6 (w.) MEXICO.

82

Species-Group Taxa

gaucho. Brachymyrmexgaucho Santschi, 1917f: 283 (w.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Brachymyrmex (Bryscha): Santschi, 1923b: 674. giardi. Brachymyrmex giardi Emery, 1895d:215 (w.q.) CHILE. Emery, 1906c: 178 (m.). Senior synonym of nitida: Snelling & Hunt, 1 9 7 6 : 1 1 4 . Current subspe­ cies: norninal plus cordobensis. goeldii. Brachymyrmex goeldii Forel, 1912i: 65 (w.) BRAZIL. heeri. Brachymyrmex heeri Forel, 1874: 91, figs. 16, 20 (w.) SWITZERLAND. Forel, 1876: 52 (q.m.). See also: Santschi, 1923b: 664. Current subspecies: nominal plus aphidicola, basalis, fallax, termitophilus. #hemiops. Brachymyrmex longlcomis var. hemiops Santschi, 1923b: 668, fig. 2 0 (w.) BRAZIL. #immunis. Brachymyrmex longicomis var. immunis Forel, 1908c: 4 0 0 (w.q.m.) BRAZIL. See also: Forel, 1911c: 308; Santschi, 1923b: 668. incisus. Brachymyrmex incisus Forel, 1912i: 63 (w.m.) COLOMBIA. laevis. Brachymyrmex laevis Emery, 1895d: 216 (w.) CHILE. Emery, 1906c: 178 (q.m.). [Note: in the liter­ ature sometimes misspelled as levis, for example Emery, 1906c: 178; Santschi, 1923b: 659.] See also: Forel, 1908c: 400; Forel, 1912i: 62. Current subspe­ cies: nominal plus andinus, fusculus. longicomis. Brachymyrmex longicomis Forel, 1907e: 9 (w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1912i: 62 (q.). Current subspe­ cies: nominal plus hemiops, immunis, pullus. luederwaldti. Brachymyrmex luederwaldti Santschi, 1923b: 672, figs. 36, 66 (w.) BRAZIL. Current sub­ species: nominal plus attenuatus. melensis. Brachymyrmex melensis Zolessi, Abenante & Gonzalez, 1978: 26, figs. 3 - 2 2 (w.q.l.) URUGUAY. micromegas. Brachymyrmex (Bryscha) micromegas Emery, in Santschi, 1923b: 675, figs. 30, 32 (w) BRAZIL. minutus. Brachymyrmex minutus Forel, 1893g: 346 (w.q.) ANTILLES. modestus. Brachymyrmex modestus Santschi, 1923c: 271 (w.) BRAZIL. musculus. Brachymyrmex tristis r. musculus Forel, 1899c: 124 (w.) COSTARICA. Forel, 1901c: 135 (q.). Raised to species: Forel, 1901c: 135. See also: Santschi, 1923b: 673. myops. Brachymyrmex myops Emery, 1906c: 181 (foot­ note), fig. 42 (w.m.) BRAZIL. nanellus. Brachymyrmex nanellus Wheeler, W.M. 1903b: 102, fig. 7b (w.m.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of depilis: Creighton, 1950a: 359. #nictitans. Brachymyrmex coactus var. nictitans Emery, 1906c: 178 (w.) COSTARICA. Uniger. Brachymyrmex admotus r. niger Forel, 1912i: 62 (w.) BRAZIL. Subspecies of degener: Santschi, 1923b: 6 7 1 . nigricans. Brachymyrmex cordemoyi var. nigricans Santschi, 1916e: 395 (w.) ARGENTINA. [First avail­ able use of Brachymyrmex patagonicus st. cordemoyi var. nigricans Santschi, 1912e: 533; unavailable name.] Raised to species: Santschi, 1923b: 657. Junior synonym of brevicornoeides: Santschi, 1923b: 657 [nigricans incorrecdy given as senior n a m e ] . nitida. Brachymyrmex giardi war. nitida Santschi, 1922d: 261 (w.) CHILE. Junior synonym of giardi: Snelling &Hunt, 1976: 114.

obscurior. Brachymyrmex heeri var. obscurior Forel, 1893g: 345 (w.q.m.) ANTILLES. Race of heeri: Forel, 1897b: 298; Forel, 1912i: 62. Raised to species: Wil­ son & Taylor, 1967: 92. oculatus. Brachymyrmex oculatus Santschi, 1919f: 55 (w.) ARGENTINA. patagonicus. Brachymyrmex patagonicus Mayr, 1868b: 164 (w.m.) ARGENTINA. Emery, 1906c: 179 (q.). Current subspecies: norninal plus atratulus. physogaster. Brachymyrmex physogaster Kusnezov, 1960c: 382, figs. 1-1 (w.) ARGENTINA. pictus. Brachymyrmexpictus Mayr, 1887: 522 (w.q.) BRAZIL. Current subspecies: norninal plus balboae. pilipes. Brachymyrmex pilipes Mayr, 1887: 524 (q.m.) BRAZIL. Santschi, 1929d: 310 (w.). Combinationin Brachymyrmex (Bryscha): Santschi, 1923b: 674. Upullus. Brachymyrmex longicomis var. pullus Santschi, 1933e: 122 (w.) ARGENTINA. #robustus. Brachymyrmex coactus var. robustus Santschi, 1923c: 272 (w.) BRAZIL. #rufipes. Brachymyrmex bruchi var. rufipes Forel, 1912i: 65 (w.) ARGENTINA. santschii. Brachymyrmex santschii Menozzi, 1927d: 338, fig. 5 (w.) COSTA RICA. #termitophilus. Brachymyrmex heeri var. termitophilus Forel, 1896: 179 (w.) BRAZIL. tristis. Brachymyrmex tristis Mayr, 1870a: 389 (w.) COLOMBIA. BRACHYPONERA: see under PACHYCONDYLA. *BRADOPONERA. (Baltic Amber) *meieri. *Bradoponera meieri Mayr, 1868c: 74, pi. 4, figs. 70, 71 (w.) BALTIC AMBER. Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 32 (q.). BRADYPONERA: see under MYOPIAS. BREGMATOMYRMA (Borneo) carnosa. Bregmatomyrma camosa Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 4, fig. 2 (q.) BORNEO. BROWNIDRIS: see under OCHETOMYRMEX. BRUCHOMYRMA: see under PHEIDOLE. BRUNELLA: see under APHAENOGASTER. BRYSCHA: see under BRACHYMYRMEX. CACOPONE.see under PLECTROCTENA. CALOMYRMEX (Indo-Australian, Australia) atbertisi. Camponotus albertisi Emery, 1887a: 221 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Calomyrmex: Emery, 1896d: 378. albopilosus. Camponotus albopilosus Mayr, 1876: 61 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. I953e: 2 0 0 (1.). Combination in Calomyrmex: Emery, 1896d: 378. Current subspecies: nominal plus wienandsi. cyanea. Camponotus splendidus subsp. purpureus var. cyanea Forel, 1910b: 83 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Unavail­ able name (Taylor, 1986: 34). eremophilus. Calomyrmex splendidus subsp. purpureus var. eremophilus Wheeler, W.M. 1915g: 820 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Clark, 1930c: 17 (q.m.). Unavailable name (Taylor, 1986: 34). glauerti. Calomyrmex glauerti Clark, 1930a: 125, fig. 1, no. 13 (w.) AUSTRALIA.

impavidus. Camponotus impavidus Forel, 1893d: 4 5 5 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1968: 220 (1.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Calomyrmex:Emery, 1896d: 378. laevissimus. Formica laevissima Smith, F. 1859a: 138 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Mayr, 1 8 9 7 : 4 3 5 (q.). Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1867a: 39; in Calomyrmex: Emery, 1895j: 7 7 2 . Current subspecies: norninal plus trochanteralis. #mutans. Camponotus {Calomyrmex) splendidus var. mutansForel, 1910b: 83 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Combi­ n a t i o n in Calomyrmex: Emery, 1925b: 175. Subspe­ cies of splendidus: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 0 9 . purpureus. Camponotus purpureus Mayr, 1876: 62 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Calomyrmex: Emery, 1896d: 378. Subspecies of splendidus: Forel, 1910b: 83; Wheeler, W.M. 1915g: 820; Emery, 1925b: 175. Revived status as species: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 0 9 . Current subspecies: norninal plus smaragdinus. similis. Camponotus similis Mayr, 1876: 61 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Combination in Calomyrmex: Emery, 1896d: 378. #smaragdinus. Calomyrmex purpureus var. smaragdina Emery, 1898b: 2 3 8 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Subspecies of purpureus: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 109. splendidus. Camponotus splendidus Mayr, 1876: 61 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Forel, 1910b: 82 (q.m.). Combination in Calomyrmex: Emery, 1896d: 3 7 8 . Current subspe­ cies: norninal plus mutans, viridiventris. #trochanteralis. Calomyrmex laevissimus var. trochanteralis Emery, 1911b: 536 (w.) NEW GUINEA. tropicus. Formica tropica Smith, F. 1861b: 37 (w.) INDONESIA (HalmaheraI.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Calomyrmex: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 6 5 . #viridiventris. Calomyrmex splendidus var. viridiventris Forel, 1915b: 106 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Subspecies of splendidus: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 0 9 . #wienandsi. Camponotus {Calomyrmex) albopilosus var. wienandsi Forel, 1910b: 82 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Calomyrmex:Emery, 1925b: 175. Subspecies of albopilosus: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 108. *CALYPTTTES (Canada) *antediluvianum. *Calyptites antediluvianum Scudder, 1877b: 2 7 0 (forewing) CANADA (Miocene). [Note: m a y n o t belong in Formicidae; see *Calyptites in cata­ logue of g e n u s - g r o u p taxa.] CALYPTOMYRMEX

(Old World Tropics)

arnoldi. Dicroaspis arnoldi Forel, 1913a: 115 (w.) ZIMBABWE. Combination in Calyptomyrmex: Arnold, 1917: 360. See also: Bolton, 1981a: 66. barak. Calyptomyrmex barak Bolton, 1981a: 62, figs. 28, 33 (w.q.) GHANA. beccarii. Calyptomyrmex beccariiEmery, 1887b: 472, pi. 2, fig. 2 3 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Szabo, 1910a: 365 (q.). Senior s y n o n y m of rufobrunnea: B r o w n , 1 9 5 1 : 101; of schraderi: Taylor, 1991b: 600. brevis. Calyptomyrmex {Calyptomyrmex) brevis Weber, 1943c: 366, pi. 15, fig. 1 (w.) SUDAN. See also: Bol­ ton, 1981a: 6 3 . brunneus. Cafyptomyrmex brunneus Arnold, 1 9 4 8 : 2 2 1 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. See also: Bolton, 1981a: 70.

cataractae. Calyptomyrmex cataractae Arnold, 1 9 2 6 : 2 8 3 (w.) ZIMBABWE. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1973a: 35 (1.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of piripilis: Bolton, 1981a: 6 5 . clavatus. Calyptomyrmex {Calyptomyrmex) clavatus Weber, 1 9 5 2 : 2 3 , figs. 20, 22, 2 4 (w.) KENYA. Bol­ ton, 1981a: 65 (q.). claviseta. Dicroaspis claviseta Santschi, 1914e: 27 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in Calyptomyrmex (Dicroaspis):Emery, 1915g: 15; in Calyptomyrmex: Bolton, 1981a: 7 1 .

schraderi. Calyptomyrmexschraderi'Forel, 1 9 0 I h : 50 (q.m.) AUSTRALIA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of beccarii: Tay­ lor, 1991b: 600. shasu. Calyptomyrmexshasu Bolton, 1981a: 7 3 , fig. 38 (w.q.) BURUNDI. singalensis. Calyptomyrmex singalensis Baroni Urbani, 1975a: 402, figs. 3, 7 (w.) SRI LANKA.

duhun. Calyptomyrmex duhun Bolton, 1981a: 72, fig. 37, 4 3 (w.) UGANDA.

tensus. Calyptomyrmex tensus Bolton, 1981a: 74, figs. 3 1 , 4 0 (w.) UGANDA.

emeryi. Calyptomyrmex emeryi Forel, 1901h: 51 (w.m.) BORNEO. Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 90 (q.).

vedda. Calyptomyrmex vedda Baroni Urbani, 1975a: 404, figs. 4, 8 (w.) SRI LANKA.

emeryi. Dicroaspis emeryi Forel, 1910c: 262 (w.) ETHIO­ PIA. Santschi, 1913c: 311 (q.). [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of emeryi Forel, above.] Replacement n a m e : foreli Emery, 1915g: 15.

wittmeri. Calyptomyrmex wittmeri Baroni Urbani, 1975a: 396, figs. 1, 5 (w.) BHUTAN.

foreli. Calyptomyrmex (Dicroaspis) foreli Emery, 1915g: 15. Replacement n a m e for Dicroaspis emeryi Forel, 1910c: 262. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of Calyptomyrmex emeryi Forel, 1901h: 51.] Senior syn­ o n y m of hartwigi a n d pusillus: Bolton, 1981a: 67. friederikae. Calyptomyrmex friederikae Kmter, 269, figs. 1-7 (w.) BHUTAN. glabratus.

1976a:

Calyptomyrmex beccarii var. glabratus

Viehmeyer, 1916a: 128 (w.) SINGAPORE. Raised to species: Baroni Urbani, 1975a: 410 (in key). hartwigi. Calyptomyrmex arnoldi subsp. hartwigi Arnold, 1948: 220 (w.m.) SOUTH AFRICA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of foreli: Bolton, 1981a: 67. kaurus. Calyptomyrmex kaurus Bolton, 1981a: 6 4 (w.) GHANA. laevidens Santschi, 1919; see u n d e r DICROASPIS. litoralis. Calyptomyrmex cataractae subsp. litoralis Arnold, 1 9 4 8 : 2 2 1 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of piripilis: Bolton, 1981a: 65. nedjem. Calyptomyrmexnedjem Bolton, 1981a: 68 (w.) ZIMBABWE. nummuliticus. Calyptomyrmex nummulitica Santschi, 1914d: 352 (w.) CAMEROUN. Bolton, 1981a: 65 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1983: 606 (1.). Senior s y n o n y m of reticulatus: Bolton, 1981a: 6 5 . piripilis. Calyptomyrmex piripilis Santschi, 1923e: 282 (w.) ZAIRE. Bolton, 1981a: 65 (q.). Senior s y n o n y m of cataractae, litoralis a n d punctatus: Bolton, 1981a: 65. punctatus. Calyptomyrmex (Calyptomyrmex) punctatus Weber, 1952: 24, figs. 1 9 , 2 1 , 2 3 (w.) KENYA. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of piripilis: Bolton, 1981a: 6 5 . pusillus. Calyptomyrmex (Diaoaspis) pusillus Santschi, 1915c: 2 5 6 (w.) GABON. J u n i o r s y n o n y m oi foreli: Bolton, 1981a: 6 7 . rennefer. Calyptomyrmex rennefer Bolton, 1981a: 7 2 , fig. 35 (w.q.) ZAIRE. reticulatus. Calyptomyrmex (Calyptomyrmex) reticulatus Weber, 1 9 5 2 : 2 5 , fig. 17 (w.) ZAIRE. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of nummuliticus: Bolton, 1981a: 6 5 . rufobrunnea. Weberidris rufobrunnea Donisthorpe, 1949a: 2 8 1 , fig. 1 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination m. Calyptomyrmex: Donisthorpe, 1949f: 186; B r o w n , 1949f: 84. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of beccarii: B r o w n , 1 9 5 1 : 101.

stellatus. Calyptomyrmex stellatus Santschi, 1915c: 255, fig. 5 (w.) GABON. See also: Bolton, 1981a: 69. tamil. Calyptomyrmex tamil Baroni Urbani, 1975a: 398, figs. 2, 6 (w.) SRI LANKA.

^CAMPOMYRMA:

see u n d e r

POLYRHACHIS.

*CAMPONOTITES (Russia) *macropterus. *Camponotites macropterus DIussky, 1981b: 76, fig. 53 (q.) RUSSIA.' CAMPONOTUS

(Worldwide)

abditus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) abditusForel, 1899c: 158 (q.) GUATEMALA. Wheeler, W M . 1934g: 216 (s.w.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1991b: 96 (1.). abdominalis. Formica abdominalis Fabricius, 1 8 0 4 : 4 0 9 (w.) CENTRAL AMERICA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953e: 196 (1.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Camponotus:Roger, 1862c: 285; in C. (Myrmothrix): Forel, 1912i: 9 1 . [Junior primary h o m o n y m of For­ mica abdominalis Latreille, 1802c: 175.] Replacement n a m e : Formica atriceps Smith, F. 1858b: 4 4 . [Note: atriceps was given as a j u n i o r s y n o n y m of abdominalis Fabricius by Roger, 1862c: 285, a n d t h e s y n o n y m y w a s confirmed by Hashmi, 1973: 8 3 ; atriceps is first available replacement n a m e . ] See u n d e r atriceps for s y n o n y m s formerly applied to abdominalis Fabricius. aberrans Mayr, 1895; see u n d e r PHASMOMYRMEX. abjectus. Camponotus maculatus st. abjectus Santschi, 1937d: 242, figs. 4 7 , 4 8 (s.w.) ANGOLA. Current subgeneric combination: Camponotus (Tan­ aemyrmex). Raised to species: Baroni Urbani, 1972: 131. abrahami. Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmex) libanicusvar. abrahamiForel, 1913d: 4 3 5 (s.w.q.) LEBANON. Tohme, G. 1 9 6 9 : 1 1 (m.). Combination in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1925b: 1 2 1 . Raised to spe­ cies: Tohme, G. 1969: 1 1 . Uabsalon. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) auropubens var. absalon Santschi, 1915c: 2 7 4 (s.w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. abscisus. Camponotus abscisus Roger, 1863a: 151 (q.) MEXICO. Forel, 1885a: 341 (s.w.m.). Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 2 7 1 ; in C. (Myrmobrachys): Emery, 1920b: 260. abunanus. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus subsp. abunanus M a n n , 1 9 1 6 : 4 7 5 , pi. 6, fig. 4 4 (s.) BRA­ ZIL. Santschi, 1925d: 245 (w.). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 84. Subspecies of picipes:Emery; 1920b: 2 3 3 (footnote). Raised to spe­ cies: Santschi, I 9 2 5 d : 2 4 5 ; Emery, 1925b: 8 4 .

Spedes-Group Taxa

83

CAMPONOTUS

(continued)

#abyssinicus. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) troglodytes var abyssinica Santschi, 1913c: 314 (q.) ETHIOPIA. Sub­ species of robecchii: current status. #acaciae. Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) planatus var. acatiae Emery, 1920c: 39 (w.) COSTARICA. achaeus. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus r. novaehollandae var. achaeus Forel, 1915b: 98 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Unavailable name (Taylor, 1986: 34). acoma Forel, 1908; see under

DENDROMYRMEX.

acutirostris. Camponotus acutirostris Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 317 (s.w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C. (Camponotus): Emery, 1925b: 74; in C. (Tanaemyrmex), and senior synonym of clarigaster: Creighton, 1950a: 375. #acutisquamis. Camponotus acutisquamis Mayr, 1902: 296 (s.w.) CAMEROUN. Forel, 1913e: 670 (q.); Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 4 4 (m.). Combination in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Forel, 1913h: 357; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 970; in C. (Myrmopiromis): Emery, 1925b: 129; in C. (Myrmopelta): Santschi, 1921f: 311; Santschi, 1926a: 20. Subspecies of chrysurus: Forel, 1910c: 269; Forel, 1911f: 281; Forel, 1913h: 357. Raised to species: Emery, 1920b: 257; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 970. Subspecies of chrysurus: Santschi, 1925h: 167; Emery, 1925b: 129; Santschi, 1926a: 20. acvapimensis. Camponotus acvapimensis Mayr, 1862: 664 (w.) GHANA. Forel, 1915c: 348 (m.); Arnold, 1922: 656 (s.q.). Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1913b: 340; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 91. Senior synonym of mombassae: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 948; of flavosetosus and poultoni: Brown, 1956a: 39. See also: Menozzi, 1930b: 118. adami. Camponotus adami Forel, 1910b: 70 (s.w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1968: 217 (1.). Combination in C. (Myrmogonia): Forel, 1914a: 269; in C. (Myrmophyma): Emery, 1925b: 110; in C. (Thlipsepinotus): Santschi, 1928e: 4 8 3 . adenensis. Camponotus maculatus subsp. adenensis Emery, 1893f: 257 (s.w.q.) YEMEN. Combinationin C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 92. Junior syn­ o n y m of thraso: Emery, 1901f: 121. Revived from synonymy as variety of thraso: Emery, 1925b: 92. Raised to species: Collingwood, 1985: 277. #adi. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) fedtschenkoi var. adi Stitz, 1930: 239 (s.w.) TURKESTAN. adlerzii. PrenolepisadlerziiForel, 1886f: 209 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Junior synonym of vitreus: Forel, 1895e: 458. adpressisetosus. Camponotus adpressisetosus Forel, 1879a: 101 (s.) BRAZIL. Combination in C. (Myrmobrachys): Forel, 1914a: 270. See also: Mann, 1 9 1 6 : 4 8 0 . Junior synonym of arboreus: Kempf, 1965: 186. ttadultus. Camponotus (Myrmomalis) hospes subsp. adultus Viehmeyer, 1916a: 157 (w.) EAST MALAYSIA. Combination in C. (Myrmoplatys): Emery, 1925b: 136. Uadustus. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) bellus subsp. adustus Viehmeyer, 1916a: 159 (w.) SINGAPORE. #aegaeus. Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmex) libanicus var. aegaea Emery, 1915h: 4, figs. 1, 2 (s.w.q.m.) GREECE. Combination in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1925b: 121.

84

Species-Group Taxa

aegyptiacus. Camponotus maculatus subsp. aegyptiacus Emery, 1915f: 79 (w.) EGYPT. Menozzi, 1932e: 453 (q.m.). [Also described as n e w by Emery, 1915g: 22.] Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 87. Variety/subspecies of maculatus: Forel, 1916: 459; Emery, 1920c: 5; Santschi, 1935b: 275. Raised to species, senior synonym of infrasquameus, and material of the unavailable names claveaui and sudanicus referred here: Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 2 : 1 3 0 . aeneopilosus. Camponotus aeneopilosus Mayr, 1862: 665 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Mayr, 1865: 3 4 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953e: 195 (1.). Combinationin C. (Myrmosericus): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Myrmophyma): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 706. Current subspecies: nominal plus flavidopubescens. aequatorialis. Camponotus aequatorialis Roger, 1863a: 135 (w.) GABON. Combination in C. (Dinomyrmex): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 84. Subspecies of maculatus: Emery, 1896d: 371. Revived status as species: Santschi, 191 lg: 2 1 1 . Current subspecies: nominal plus kohli. . ttaequinotus. Camponotus pellitus var. aequinotus Forel, 1902b: 173 (w.) VENEZUELA. Combination in C. (Myrmaphaenus), and variety of blandus: Emery, 1925b: 153. aequitas. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) aequitas Santschi, 1920d: 387, fig. 16 (s.w.q.m.) ZIMBABWE. Combi­ nation in C. (Myrmosphincta): Santschi, 192If: 311; in C. (Myrmotrema): Santschi, 1926c: 599. #aeschylus. Camponotus (Dinomyrmex) perroti var. aeschylus Forel, 1913J: 2 2 4 (q.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 89. #aesopus. Camponotus arcuatus var. aesopus Forel, 1907h: 302 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in C. (Myrmophyma): Emery, 1925b: 110. Subspecies of arcuatus: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 110. aethiops. Formicaaethiops tatreule, 1798: 35 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1861: 36; in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 97. Race/subspecies of sylvaticus: Forel, 1874: 38 (in key); Nasonov, 1889: 11; of rubripes: Forel, 1886f: 143; of maculatus: Forel, 1892i: 306; Ruzsky, 1902d: 6; Emery, 1908a: 199; Forel, 1915d: 70; Finzi, 1924a: 14; Menozzi, 1918: 87; Karavaiev, 1927c: 276; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b: 36. Revived status as species: Emery, 1898c: 125; Bondroit, 1918: 72; Emery, 1920b: 255; Emery, 1920c: 7; Santschi, 1921a: 116; Menozzi, 1922b: 331; Finzi, 1930d: 317; Santschi, 1931a: 11; Menozzi, 1936d: 300; Karavaiev, 1936:185; Stitz, 1939:248; Novak&Sadil, 1 9 4 1 : 1 1 0 ; Bernard, 1967: 336; Kutter, 1977c: 206; Amol'di & DIussky, 1978: 551; Atanassov & DIussky, 1 9 9 2 : 2 1 7 . Senior synonym of nigrata: Mayr, 1855: 313; of angustata: Emery, 1908a: 199; of hyalinipennis: Emery, 1914e: 2; Emery, 1915a: 250; otmarginata (and its junior synonym sylvaticoaethiops): Pisarski, 1975: 31; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 58; of concava and sylvaticoides: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 58; of glaber: DIussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1 9 9 0 : 1 2 8 . Cur­ rent subspecies: nominal plus cachmiriensis, escherichi, rubicolor, vitiosus. ttafer. Camponotus (Camponotus) ligniperda ab. afer Starcke, 1942c: xxviii (q.) CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

afflatus. Camponotus (Myrmosaga) afflatus Viehmeyer, 1925b: 140 (w.) AUSTRALIA. .__ africanus. Camponotus (Myrmentoma) piceus st. spissinodis var. africanus Santschi, 1929e: 164 (w.) MOROCCO. Unavailable name. ager. Formica agra Smith, F. 1858b: 4 7 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 5; in C. (Myromgigas): Forel, 1912i: 91; in C. (Dinomyrmex): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 83. [Forel, 1886f: 167 suggests that ager may be minor worker of egregius. See also: Emery, 1903: 77.] agilis. Formica agilis Smith, F. 1858b: 37 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Combination in Camponotus, and junior synonym of intrepidus: Roger, 1863b: 4 . agnatus. Camponotus agnatusRoger, 1863a: 137 (s.w.) SRI LANKA. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 266. Junior synonym of irritans: Bingham, 1903: 353. agonius. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) roubaudi var. agonia Santschi, 1915c: 282 (w.) ZAIRE. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 103. Raised to spe­ cies: Santschi, 1926b: 252. See also: Bernard, 1953b: 262. #agricola. Camponotus maculatus subsp. agricola Forel, 1910e: 4 5 4 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 92. Race of maculatus: Arnold, 1922: 647. Subspecies of thraso: Emery, 1920c: 6; Emery, 1925b: 92. aguilerai. CamponotusaguileraiKusnezov, 1952d: 198, fig. 12 (w.) ARGENTINA. Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Kempf, 1972a: 65. ttajjer. Camponotusfoleyi subsp. ajjer Bernard, 1953a: 192 (s.w.q.m.) ALGERIA. #akka. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) ferreri r. akka Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 4 6 (w.q.) ZAIRE. alacer. Camponotus alacer Forel, 1912i: 76 (s.w.) BRA­ ZIL. Combination in C. (Myrmothrix): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Kempf, 1972a: 65. #albemarlensis. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) macilentus var. albemarlensis Wheeler, W.M. 1919c: 2 8 4 (s.) GALAPAGOS IS. Combination in C. (Pseudocolobop­ sis): Emery, 1925b: 158. albertisi Emery, 1887; see under

CALOMYRMEX.

albicoxis. Camponotus landolti r. albicoxis Forel, 1899c: 136 (w.) COSTARICA. Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex), and raised to species: Emery, 1925b: 83. albipes. Camponotus albipes Emery, 1893f: 253, pi. 6, fig. 15 (w.) SRI LANKA. Combination in C. (Myrmosaga): Forel, 1914a: 269; in C. (Myrmotemnus): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1925b: 138. albisectus. Camponotus micans r. albisectus Emery, 1892a: 120 (w.) SOMALIA. Combination in C. (Myrmoseri­ cus): Forel, 1914a: 268. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 1 ; Forel, 1914a: 268. Junior syn­ o n y m of flavomarginatus: Emery, 1895h: 48; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 968; Menozzi, 1930b: 118. albistramineus. Camponotus (Myrmeurynota) albistramineus'Wh.eeler, W.M. 1936b: 208 (w.) HAITI. albiventris. Camponotus mutilatus var. albiventris Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 361. Incorrecdy proposed replace­ ment name for luteiventris Stitz, 1938: 116. [Junior

primary h o m o n y m of luteiventris Emery, 1897d: 574.] Unavailable n a m e . alboannulatus. Camponotus alboannulatus Mayr, 1887: 511 (w.q.) BRAZIL. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1968: 219 (1.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1912i: 90; in C. (Pseudocolobopsis): Santschi, 192 If: 3 1 1 . Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus montanus, nessus. albocinctus. Colobopsis albocincta Ashmead, 1905a: 110 (w.q.) PHTLLIPINES. Combination i n Camponotus (Colobopsis): Wheeler, W.M. 1919a: 5; in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1925b: 138. albofasciata. Formica albofasciata Smith, F. 1862b: 29 (w.) PANAMA. Combination in Camponotus, a n d j u n i o r s y n o n y m of ruficeps: Mayr, 1886c: 362. albopilosus Mayr, 1876; see u n d e r CALOMYRMEX albosparsus. Camponotus taylori var. albosparsus Bingham, 1903: 354 (s.w.) INDIA. [First available use of Camponotus maculatus r. taylori var. albosparsus Forel, 1894c: 397, unavailable n a m e . ] Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 9 3 . Race/sub­ species of taylori: Wheeler, W.M. 1913e: 237; of barbatus: Forel, 1906b: 84; Forel, 1912b: 75; Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 544; Santschi, 1937h: 379. Raised to species: Wang, C , Xiao & W u , 1989b: 327. #albotaeniolatus. Camponotus (Myrmosphincta) sexguttatus var. albotaeniolata Forel, 1921b: 135 (w.) ECUADOR. #aldabrensis. Camponotus foraminosus r. aldabrensis Forel, 1897c: 203 (s.w.) ALDABRA I. Combination in C. (Myrmotrema): Santschi, 1915c: 2 6 7 . Subspe­ cies of auropubens: Santschi, 1915c: 267 (in key); of foraminosus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1050. alfaroi. Camponotus alfaroiEmery, 1890b: 57 (s.w.) COSTA RICA. Race/variety of striatus: Forel, 1899c: 147; Wheeler, W M . 1 9 4 2 : 2 5 9 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of striatus: Emery, 1892b: 167; Kempf, 1972a: 54. algirica. Camponotus sylvaticus st. barbarus var. algirica Santschi, 1921d: 73 (s.w.) ALGERIA. Unavailable name. alii. Camponotus rubripes r. alii Forel, 1890a: lxi (s.w.) ALGERIA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 9 1 . Race of maculatus: Emery, 1891b: 19. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 2 2 1 ; Emery, 1920c: 7. Stirps of nylanderi: Santschi, 1931a: 1 1 . Revived status as species: Santschi, 1936c: 207; Santschi, 1939c: 5. Senior s y n o n y m of seurati: Ber­ nard, 1953a: 187. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus auresi, concolor (unresolved j u n i o r h o m o n y m ) , hoggarensis, laurenti. aloysii. Camponotus (Myrmaphaenus) personatus subsp. aloysii Emery, 1925b: 156 (w.) PARAGUAY. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of personatus: Santschi, 1939e: 330. alpina. Camponotus rufipes var. alpina Emery, 1906c: 187 (w.) ARGENTINA. Combination in C. (Myrmothrix): Bruch, 1 9 1 4 : 2 3 0 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of rufipes: Hashmi, 1973: 52. altaica. Camponotus herculeanus var. altaica Ruzsky, 1915b: 6 (w.) RUSSIA. Subspecies of herculeanus: Ruzsky, 1 9 2 6 : 1 0 8 ; of saxatilis: Ruzsky, 1936: 90. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of sachalinensis: Arnol'di, 1967: 1821. #altinotus. Camponotus (Pseudocolobopsis) macilentus var. altinota Stitz, 1932a: 370, fig. 3 (w.) GALAPAGOS IS.

altior. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) radamae st. becki var. altior Santschi, 1923e: 292 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Unavailable n a m e . altivagans. Camponotus (Myrmeurynota) altivagans Wheeler, W.M. 1936b: 207 (s.w.) HAITI. amamianus. Camponotus (Paramyrmamblys) amamianus Terayama, 1 9 9 1 : 1 6 5 , fig. 1 (s.w.) JAPAN.

w o o d , 1987a: 61).] Menozzi, 1936d: 302 (q.L). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 97. angolensis. Camponotus angolensis Radoszkovsky, 1 8 8 1 : 197 ANGOLA. Nomen nudum, attributed to Smith, F. angulata. Formica angulata Smith, F. 1859a: 139 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of quadriceps: Emery, 1896d: 375.

ttamazonicus. Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) crassus st. amazonicus Santschi, 1922c: 122, fig. 3 (s.w.) BRA­ ZIL. [Misspelled amazonensisby Emery, 1925b: 163.]

angulatus. Camponotus angulatus Mayr, 1870a: 382 (w.) COLOMBIA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n C. (Myrmeurynota): Forel, 1912i: 92. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of angulata Smith, R, above.] Replacement n a m e : linnaei Forel, 1886f: 1 7 1 .

#ambonensis. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) variegatus var. ambonensis Karavaiev, 1930a: 211 (w.q.m.) INDO­ NESIA (Ambon I.). #ambustus. Camponotus christi var. ambustus Forel, 18921:233 (s.w.q.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in C. (Mayria): Emery, 1925b: 122. americanus. Camponotus americanus Mayr, 1862: 661 (w.q.) U.S.A. Emery, 1893i: 674 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1968: 216 (1.). Combination in C. (Camponotus): Emery, 1925b: 74. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of castaneus: Mayr, 1886d: 4 2 0 . Revived from synon­ y m y as subspecies of castaneus: Emery, 1893i: 674; Wheeler, W.M. 1913c: 117; Wheeler, W.M. 1917i: 465; Wheeler, W.M. 1932a: 13. Revived status as species, and senior s y n o n y m of rufinasis: Creighton, 1950a: 3 6 5 . See also: Eisner & Wilson, 1 9 5 2 : 4 7 . americana. Formica americana Buckley, 1 8 6 6 : 1 5 4 (w.q.) U.S.A. C o m b i n a t i o n i n Camponotus:Emery, 1895c: 337. [Unresolved j u n i o r secondary h o m o n y m of Camponotus americanus Mayr, above.] Unrecognis­ able taxon; incertae sedis in Camponotus. [Note: Emery, 1895c: 337, a n d Wheeler, W.M. 1902f: 19, suspected this n a m e was cognate w i t h marginatus. Emery, 1925b: 117 provisionally synonymised it w i t h minutus. Smith, M.R. 1951a: 8 4 5 , a n d Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 4 3 2 , dubiously place it n e a r nearcticus.) ttamius. Camponotus friedae var. amia Forel, 1912a: 78 (s.w.) TAIWAN. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 102. amoris. Camponotus amoris Forel, 1904c: 51 (s.) BRA­ ZIL. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1912i: 90; in C. (Dinomyrmex): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 8 3 . #amperei. Camponotus (Myrmocamelus) cinereus var. ampereiForel, 1913g: 192 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combi­ n a t i o n i n C. (Myrmophyma): Emery, 1925b: 110. Sub­ species of cinereus: Taylor & B r o w n , D.R. 1985: 1 1 1 . amphidus. Camponotus (Myrmisolepis) amphidus Santschi, 1926b: 260, fig. 6 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. #amplior. Camponotus (Myrmosericus) eugeniae r. amplior Forel, 1913b: 341 (w.) ZAIRE. #andigenus. Camponotus punctulatus subsp. andigenus Emery, 1903: 71 (w.) PERU. C o m b i n a t i o n i n C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 19131:248; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 7 8 . andrei. Camponotus andrei Forel, 1885a: 343 (s.w.) MEXICO. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 2 7 1 ; in C. (Myrmaphaenus): Emery, 1925b: 154. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus cholericus. andrewsi. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) andrewsi Donisthorpe, 1936e: 527 (s.m.) CHRISTMAS I. #andrius. Camponotus oertzeni var. andrius Dalla Torre, 1893: 246 (s.w.) GREECE. [First available use of Camponotus rubripes r. oertzeni var. andrius Forel, 1889: 265; unavailable n a m e (Agosti & Colling­

anguliceps. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) anguliceps Stitz, 1938: 113 (q.) BORNEO. angulicollis. Camponotus angulicollis Emery, 1887a: 2 1 8 . Unnecessary (second) replacement n a m e for angulatus Mayr, 1870a: 382. [Junior secondary h o m ­ o n y m of angulata Smith, F. 1859a: 139.] J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of linnaei (first replacement n a m e ) : Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 4 0 . angustata. Formica angustata Latreille, 1798: 34 (w.m.) FRANCE. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of aethiops: Emery, 1908a: 199. angustata. Colobopsis angustata Mayr, 1870b: 942 (q.) SINGAPORE. Forel, 1893b: 436 (w.); Viehmeyer, 1916a: 160 (s.m.). C o m b i n a t i o n i n Camponotus: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 1 ; in C. (Colobopsis): Forel, 1893b: 4 3 5 . Variety/subspecies of vitreus:Emery, 1900d: 7 0 8 ; Forel, 1909d: 2 2 9 . [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of angustata Latreille, above.] Replace­ m e n t n a m e : angustulus Emery, 1925b: 148. angustatus. Camponotus kiesenwetteri r. angustatus Forel, 1 8 8 9 : 2 6 1 (w.) GREECE. [Junior secondary h o m ­ o n y m of angustata Latreille, above.] Replacement n a m e : stenoticus Emery, 1915h: 7. angusticeps. Camponotus angusticeps Emery, 1886: 355, pi. 17, fig. 1 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Arnold, 1924: 688 (s.). Combination in C. (Myrmosericus): Forel, 1914a: 2 6 8 . angusticollis. Formica angusticollis Jerdon, 1 8 5 1 : 1 2 0 (w.q.) INDIA. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Dinomyrmex): Forel, 1913d: 4 3 8 ; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 89. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of gigas: Smith, F. 1858b: 14. Revived from s y n o n y m y : Roger, 1863b: 7. Senior s y n o n y m of ardens (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m impetuosa) and prismaticus: Forel, 1892j: 2 3 5 . See also: Bingham, 1903: 366. Current subspecies: n o m i n a l plus sanguinolentus. #angustinodus. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) discorsvar. angustinoda Emery, 1925b: 102 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. [First available use of Camponotus maculatus subsp. discors var. angustinota Forel, 1907h: 300; unavail­ able n a m e (Taylor, 1986: 34).] ^angustulus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) vitreus var. angustulaF.me.ry, 1925b: 148. Replacement n a m e for angustata Mayr, 1870b: 942. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of angustata Latreille, 1798: 34.] Material of t h e unavailable n a m e continentalis referred h e r e by Viehmeyer, 1925b: 145. anningensis. Camponotus anningensis W u & Wang; in Wang, C , Xiao & W u , 1989b: 323, figs. 10, 11 (s.w.) CHINA. annobonensis. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) foraminosus var. annobonensis Santschi, 1920i: 4 (w.) ANNOBON

Species-Group Taxa

85

CAMPONOTUS

(continued)

I. [First available use of Camponotus {Myrmotrema) foraminosus st. chrysogaster var. annobonensis Santschi, 1915c: 277; unavailable name.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m of insularis: Santschi, 1920i: 4 . annuiatus. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) annulatus Karavaiev, 1929c: 238, fig. 4 (s.w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). tiantennatus. Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) canescens var. antennata Santschi, 1920e: 126, fig. 3 (w.) BOLIVIA. #antennatus. Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) brasiliensis var. antennatus Santschi, 1925d: 246 (w.) COSTA RICA. [Unresolved j u n i o r primary h o m o n y m of antennatus Santschi, above.] antespectans Forel, 1913; see u n d e r EUPRENOLEPIS. #anthracinus. Camponotus (Myrmosericus) vestitus var. anthracinus Santschi, 1930a: 7 4 (s.w.) ANGOLA. Variety of cosmicus: Santschi, 1935a: 280; of vestitus: Santschi, 1937d: 244. anthrax. Camponotus anthrax Wheeler, W.M. 19 l i d : 96 (s.w.q.m.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 650 (1.). Combination in C. (Camponotus): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1920b: 2 5 7 . See also: Snelling, 1988: 59. #antiguanus. Camponotus sexguttatus var. antiguanus Wheeler, W M . 1923c: 7 (s.w.m.) ANTIGUA. Combi­ n a t i o n in C. (Myrmosphincta): Kempf, 1972a: 58. #apellis. Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmex) chrysurus var. apellis Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 972 (s.w.) ANGOLA. [First available use of Camponotus chrysurus subsp. acutisquamis var. apellis Forel, 1910c: 269; unavail­ able n a m e . ] Combination in C. (Myrmopiromis): Emery, 1925b: 129; in C. (Myrmopelta): Santschi, 1930b: 7 9 . Subspecies of chrysurus: Santschi, 1926c: 603; Santschi, 1930b: 79. apostolus. Camponotus apostolus Forel, 1901e: 369 (s.w.q.) COSTA RICA. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1912i: 90; in C. (Myrmoturba): Emery, 1920b: 2 5 5 ; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 79. arabicus. Camponotus arabicus Collingwood, 1985: 278, figs. 67, 72, 7 4 (w.q.) SAUDI ARABIA. Current subgenus: C. (Tanaemyrmex). arboreus. Formica arborea Smith, F. 1858b: 4 4 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1862: 666; in C. (Myrmobrachys), a n d senior s y n o n y m of adpressisetosus: Kempf, 1965: 186. arcuatus. Camponotus arcuatus Mayr, 1876: 63 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1968: 217 (1.). Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C. (Myrmophyma): Emery, 1920b: 257. Current subspecies: norninal plus aesopus. ardens. Formica ardens Smith, F. 1858b: 17 (q.) INDIA. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3. Senior s y n o n y m of impetuosa:Mayr, 1886c: 3 5 3 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of angusticollis: Forel, 1892j: 2 3 5 . argentatus Radoszkovsky, 1876; see u n d e r CATAGLYPHIS. #argentopubens. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) auropubens st. argentopubens Santschi, 1915c: 2 6 8 (q.) ANGOLA. [First available use of Camponotus foraminosus subsp. auropubens var. argentopubens Forel, 1909b: 66; unavailable n a m e . ]

86

Species-Group Taxa

argus. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) argus Santschi, 1935a: 282 (w.) ZAIRE. #arhuacus. Camponotus ustus var. arhuacus Forel, 1902b: 173 (w.) COLOMBIA. Combination in C. (Pseudocolobopsis): Emery, 1925b: 158; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Kempf, 1972a: 7 3 . #armeniacus. Camponotus micans subsp. armeniacus A m o l ' d i , 1967: 1828, fig. 3 (s.w.q.m.) ARMENIA. arminius. Camponotus barbarossa subsp. arminius Forel, 1910e: 4 5 7 (s.w.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Forel, 1914d: 256; in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1925b: 142; in C. (Myrmopelta): Santschi, 1921f: 3 1 1 ; Santschi, 1926c: 603. Raised to species: Santschi, 192 If: 3 1 1 . Cur­ r e n t subspecies: norninal plus bicontractus. armouri. Camponotus (Myrmentoma) lateralis subsp. armouri Wheeler, W.M. 1926: 5 (w.q.m.) BALEA­ RIC IS. Senior s y n o n y m of balearis: Santschi, 1936c: 207 (given as j u n i o r s y n o n y m b u t armourihas prior­ ity over balearis). J u n i o r s y n o n y m of lateralis: Col­ lingwood, 1978: 7 3 . armstrongi. Camponotus (Myrmogonia) armstrongi McAreavey, 1949: 19, figs. 5 3 - 5 6 (s.w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Harnoldi. Camponotus truebi var. arnoldi Forel, 1912a: 75 (w.) TAIWAN. Combination in C (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1925b: 119. #arnoldi. Camponotus transvaalensis subsp. arnoldi Prins, 1965a: 156, figs. 6-10 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. [Unre­ solved j u n i o r p r i m a r y h o m o n y m of arnoldi Forel, above.] arnoldi. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) arnoldiPisarski, 1971a: 6 7 1 , figs. 1-1 (w.) IRAQ. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of arnoldi Forel, above.] Replacement n a m e : babau n e w n a m e . arnoldinus. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) amoldinus Forel, 1 9 1 4 d : 2 5 1 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. C o m b i n a t i o n i n C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 9 1 . Stirps of maculatus: Santschi, 1923e: 290. Revived status as species: Emery, 1925b: 9 1 . See also: Arnold, 1922: 639. arrogans. Formica arrogans Smith, F. 1858b: 2 3 (w.) SINGAPORE. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; i n C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 101. Subspecies of sylvaticus: Mayr, 1886c: 354; of maculatus: Emery, 1896d: 3 7 1 . Revived status as species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 2 ; Bingham, 1903: 357; Emery, 1925b: 1 0 1 . Senior s y n o n y m of functus: Bingham, 1903: 357; Rothney, 1903: 99. aruensis. Camponotus (Colobopsis) aruensis Karavaiev, 1933a: 317, fig. 5 (w.) INDONESIA ( A m i . ) . asli. Camponotus (Karavaievia) asli D u m p e r t , in Dumpert, Maschwitz, etal. 1989: 218, figs. 1-1 (w.q.) WEST MALAYSIA. #asniensis. Camponotus (Myrmosericus) micans var. asniensis Santschi, 1939c: 5 (w.) MOROCCO. #asper. Camponotus (Myrmosericus) cruentatus var. aspera Menozzi, 1925b: 371 (w.) AUSTRALIA. ^ossabensis. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) thraso var. ossabensis Emery, 1925b: 92 (w.) ETHIOPIA. [First available use of Camponotus maculatus subsp. adenen­ sis var. ossabensis Emery, 1893f: 2 5 8 ; unavailable name.]

#assumptionis. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) troglodytes r. assumptionis Crawley, 1 9 2 1 : 95 (s.w.) ALDABRAI. Subspecies of robecchii: current status. #astilbus. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) coruscusvsr. ostilbus Stitz, 1938: 115 (w.) SURINAM. #aterrimus. Camponotus pennsylvanicus var. aterrimus Emery, 1895k: 4 7 8 (footnote) (w.q.) RUSSIA. Ruzsky, 1905b: 2 3 8 (m.); Karavaiev, 1912b: 594 (s.). Combination in C. (Camponotus): Emery, 1925b: 7 3 . Subspecies of herculeanus: Ruzsky, 1915a: 4 1 9 . Raised to species: Ruzsky, 1926: 108. J u n i o r syn­ o n y m of japonicus: Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929a: 17; Yasumatsu & B r o w n , 1951: 36. Variety/subspecies of japonicus: Santschi, 1925f: 88; Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 9; Amol'di, 1967: 1827; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 170. Senior s y n o n y m of manczshuricus: A m o l ' d i , 1967: 1827. atlantis. Camponotus rubripes r. atlantis Forel, 1890a: lxiii (s.w.q.) TUNISIA. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 9 1 . Race of maculatus: Emery, 1891b: 2 0 . Raised to species: Emery, 1920b: 2 5 5 ; E m e r y , 1925b: 9 1 ; Santschi, 1931a: 1 1 . Cur­ rent subspecies: n o m i n a l plus atrioris, hesperius, marocanus, nigrovarius, planitae. atra. Formica atra Zetterstedt, 1838: 450 (m.) SWE­ DEN. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of herculeanus: Nylander, 1846a: 894. atra. Formica atra Buckley, 1 8 6 6 : 1 6 0 (w.) U.S.A. [Unresolved j u n i o r primary h o m o n y m of atra Zetterstedt, above.] Unrecognisable taxon; incertae sedis in Camponotus: Emery, 1895c: 337; Wheeler, W.M. 1902f: 20. [Note: Wheeler, W.M. 1917c: 28 suggests s y n o n y m y w i t h caryae, b u t Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 4 6 7 retains atra a m o n g t h e unplaced taxa.] #atrabilis. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) grandidieri var. atrabilis Santschi, 1915c: 273 (w.) MADAGASCAR. atramentarius. Camponotus maculatus var. atramentarius Forel, 1904b: 379 (w.) ETHIOPIA. Forel, 1910f: 2 6 (q.). Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1913b: 340; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 8 8 . Subspe­ cies of maculatus: Forel, 1905b: 180; Emery, 1920c: 5. J u n i o r s y n o n y m of maculatus: Baroni Urbani, 1972: 125. #atratior. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) simillimum st. atratior Santschi, 1922c: 98, fig. 1 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Combi­ n a t i o n in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 82. atriceps. Formica atriceps Smith, F. 1858b: 4 4 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Mayr, 1862: 660 (q.); Forel, 1 8 7 8 : 7 6 (m.). Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1862c: 2 8 5 . J u n i o r s y n o n y m of abdominalis-.Roger, 1862c: 2 8 5 ; Santschi, 1913h: 42; Hashmi, 1 9 7 3 : 8 3 . Variety/sub­ species of abdominalis: Emery, 1906c: 187; Forel, 1911c: 310. Senior s y n o n y m of tomato: Mayr, 1870a: 378. Oldest s y n o n y m of, a n d h e n c e first available replacement n a m e for, Formica abdominalis Fabricius, 1 8 0 4 : 4 0 9 . [Junior primary h o m o n y m of Formica abdominalis Latreille, 1802c: 175.] J u n i o r s y n o n y m s attached to abdominalis Fabricius by Hashmi, 1973: 82 are h e r e transferred to atriceps, w h i c h h e n c e is senior s y n o n y m of: atricipitoesuriens, costaricensis, cupiens, depressidens, epistomatus, esuriens (and its j u n i o r s y n o n y m vulpinus), fuchsae, fulvacea, fumata, laevilata, mediopallidus, rabidus, romani, stercorarius, taeniatus, transvectus a n d ustulatus. M a t e -

rial of the unavailable names defrictus, flavobasalis, luisae, misionensis and panamanus, referred to abdominalis Fabridus by Hashmi, 1973: 82, is here referred to atriceps. Current subspedes: nominal plus nocens (status uncertain, see Hashmi, 1973: 120). atricipitoesuriens. Camponotus atriceps var. atricipitoesuriens Forel 1879a: 77 (w.) MEXICO. Junior synonym of atriceps: Hashmi, 1973: 82. atricolor. Formica atricolor Nylander, 1849: 36 (w.) RUS­ SIA. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 1; in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1925a: 67; Emery, 1925b: 120. Junior synonym of lateralis: Mayr, 1855: 322; Roger, 1863b: 1. Revived from synon­ ymy as subspedes of lateralis: Forel, 1892i: 306; Ruzsky, 1905b: 254; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b: 36. Junior synonym of piceus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 238. Revived from synonymy as subspedes of piceus: Emery, 1925a: 63; Karavaiev, 1927c: 277. Vari­ ety of merulus: Novak & Sadil, 1941: 109. Junior synonym of merulus: Bernard, 1967: 344. Revived from synonymy, and revived status as spedes: Amol'di & DIussky, 1978: 552; Agosti &Gollingwood, 1987a: 58. Senior synonym of rectus: Emery, 1896d: 373; Karavaiev, 1 9 3 6 : 1 9 1 . Junior synonym of piceus: Atanassov & DIussky, 1992: 2 2 2 . atrigenatus. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) tokioensis var. atrigenatus Santschi, 1937h: 384, fig. 13 (s.w.) JAPAN. Junior synonym of tokioensis: Terayama & Satoh, 1990a: 4 1 2 . #atrioris. Camponotus atlantis var. atrioris Santschi, 1922a: 68 (w.) ALGERIA. Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 9 1 . atriscapus. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) atriscapa Santschi, 1926c: 6 1 4 (w.m.) ZAIRE. atrox. Camponotus (Camponotus) japonicus var. atrox Emery, 1925b: 73 (s.w.q.) KOREA. Replacement name for cruentata Emery, 1925b: 73. [First avail­ able use of Camponotus herculeanus subsp. japonicus var. cruentata Karavaiev, 1912b: 595; unavailable name.] [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of cruentata Latreille, 1802c: 116.] Junior synonym of japonicus: Yasumatsu & Brown, 1951: 37. Revived from synon­ y m y and raised to spedes: Yasumatsu & Brown, 1957:49. attila. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) attila Starcke, 1935: 264, fig. 3 (s.) TURKMENIA. augustei. Camponotus christophei subsp. augustei Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 59 (s.w.) HATTI. Combination in C. (Myrmeurynota): Emery, 1925b: 168. Raised to spedes: Wheeler, W.M. 1936b: 207. #augustulus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) fictor subsp. augustulus Viehmeyer, 1925b: 145 (s.w.q.) AUS­ TRALIA. Material of the unavailable name continentalis referred here: Viehmeyer, 1925b: 145. Subspedes of macrocephalus: current status. #aulicus. Camponotus (Myrmocladoecus) rectangularis var. aulicus Wheeler, W.M. 1933a: 6 4 (s.w.) GUATE­ MALA. auratus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) auratus Karavaiev, 1935a: 113 (w.) VIETNAM. aurelianus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) aurelianus Forel, 1912n: 68 (w.) SUMATRA. Combination in C. (Myrmotemnus): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Colobop-

aureopilus. Camponotus (Myrmogonia) aureopilus Viehmeyer, 1914b: 531 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Stitz, 1 9 3 8 : 1 1 9 (q.). Combination in C. (Myrmophyma): Emery, 1925b: 110; in C. (Thlipsepinotus): Santschi, 1928e: 4 8 3 . Current subspedes: nominal plus velutinus. #auresi. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) alii var. auresi Emery, 1920c: 7 (w.) ALGERIA. [First available use of Camponotus maculatus subsp. alii var. auresi Forel, 1909e: 375; unavailable name.] auricomus. Camponotus auricomus Roger, 1862c: 283 (footnote) (w.q.) MEXICO. Forel, 1879a: 98 (m.). Combination in C. (Myrmobrachys): Forel, 1914a: 270. Race oisenex: Forel, 1879a: 97. Revived status as spedes: Forel, 1893g: 334; Dalla Torre, 1893: 2 2 2 . Current subspedes: nominal plus lucianus, vincentensis. auriculatus. Camponotus auriculatus Mayr, 1897: 432 (s.w.) SRI LANKA. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 2 7 1 . auriventris. Camponotus auriventris Emery, 1889b: 514 (s.w.q.) BURMA. Combination in C. (Myrmosphincta): Forel, 1912i: 92; in C. (Myrmosaulus): Emery, 1925b: 113. aurocinctus. Formica aurocincta Smith, F. 1858b: 39 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Viehmeyer, 1914c: 45 (s.). Com­ bination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1886c: 355; in C. (Myrmosphincta): Forel, 1914a: 273; in C. (Myrmosaulus): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705. aurofasciatus. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) aurofasciatus Santschi, 1915c: 276 (w.) SAO THOME I. Emery, 1920c: 29 (s.). aurofasciatus. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) aurofasciatus Wheeler, W.M. 1915g: 817, pi. 66, fig. 7 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. [Unresolved junior primary h o m o n y m of aurofasciatus Santschi, above.] Junior synonym of inflatus: Wheeler, W.M. 1916e: 40. auropubens. Camponotus foraminosus r. auropubens Forel, 1894b: 67 (w.) MOZAMBIQUE. Combination in C. (Myrmotrema): Santschi, 1914e: 4 1 . Subspecies of grandidieri: Mayr, 1895: 150; of foraminosus: Emery, 1896d: 376; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 250. Raised to spedes: Santschi, 1915c: 267 (in key); Arnold, 1924: 728; Emery, 1925b: 131. Current sub­ spedes: norninal plus absalon, argentopubens, Jacob. aurosus. Camponotus aurosus Roger, 1863a: 134 (w.) MAURITIUS. Combination in C. (Myrmepomis): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Myrmosericus): Forel, 1914a: 268; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1044. aurulenta. Formica aurulenta Latreille, 1802c: 114, pi. 3, fig. 9 (q.) SENEGAL. Junior synonym of sericeus: Roger, 1863b: 2. autrani. Camponotus autraniForel, 1886f: 165 (s.w.) SUMATRA. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1913k: 129; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 89. Subspedes of festinus: Emery, 1888a: 528. Revived status as spedes: Dalla Torre, 1893:222; Emery, 1896d: 370; Forel, 1914a: 266. avarus. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) simillimus st. indianus var. avarus Santschi, 1936b: 206 (w.) PANAMA. Unavailable name. avius. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) avius Santschi, 1926c: 615 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. Current subspedes: nomi­ nal plus hertigi.

axillaris. Formica axillaris Spinola, 1808: 243 (w.) ITALY. Junior synonym of lateralis: Mayr, 1855: 322. babau. Camponotus babau n e w n a m e . Replacement name for arnoldi Pisarski, 1971a: 6 7 1 . [Junior pri­ mary h o m o n y m of arnoldi Forel, 1912a: 75.] #babiensis. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) carin var. babiensis Emery, 1925b: 90 (s.w.) SUMATRA. [First avail­ able use of Camponotus (Dinomyrmex) dorycus r. carin var. babiensis Forel, 1915a: 37; unavailable name.] #bacchus. Formica bacchus Smith, F. 1858b: 21 (w.) SRI LANKA. Smith, F. 1878b: 10 (q.m.). Combination in Camponotus:Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 95. Senior synonym of ventralis: Mayr, 1865: 27. Junior synonym of mitis: Mayr, 1879: 646; Dalla Torre, 1893: 2 4 3 . Race of sylvaticus: Forel, 1879a: 67. Revived from synonymy as variety of mitis: Bingham, 1903: 356. Variety of variegatus: Emery, 1925b: 9 5 . bactrianus. Camponotus bactrianus Pisarski, 1 9 6 7 : 4 1 1 , figs. 7 7 - 8 1 (s.w.q.) AFGHANISTAN. Combination inC. (Tanaemyrmex): Pisarski, 1970: 322. badius. Formica badia Smith, F. 1857a: 54 (w.) SINGA­ PORE. Viehmeyer, 1916a: 161 (m.). Combinationin Camponotus:Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Colobopsis): Forel, 1913k: 133. [Unresolved junior primary h o m o n y m of Formica badia Latreille, 1802c: 238 (now in Pogonomyrmex).] Current subspedes: nominal plus saginatus. baeticus. Camponotus maculatus subsp. barbaricus var. baeticus Emery, 1908a: 197 (s.w.q.) SPAIN. Unavail­ able name; material referred to barbaricus by Col­ lingwood, 1978: 72. #bajulus. Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) iheringi var. bajulus Emery, 1925b: 165. Replacement name for latinota Forel, 1909a: 264. [Junior primary h o m ­ o n y m of latinotus Forel, 1907c: 144.] bakeri. Camponotus hyatti var. bakeri Wheeler, W.M. 1904d: 271 (w.q.) U.S.A. Combination in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1925b: 119. Subspedes of hyatti: Creighton, 1950a: 387; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 844. Raised to spedes: Snelling, 1985: 24; Snelling, 1988: 60. baldaccii. Camponotus maculatus subsp. baldaccii Emery, 1908a: 198 (s.w.) GREECE. [First available use of Camponotus maculatus subsp. dichrous var. baldaccii Emery, 1894j: 9; unavailable name.] Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 100. Subspecies of sylvaticus: Emery, 1925b: 100; Menozzi, 1936d: 300. Raised to spedes: Collingwood, 1985: 279. balearis. Camponotus (Myrmentoma) lateralis var. balearis Santschi, 1929e: 164 (w.) BALEARIC IS. [First avail­ able use of Camponotus lateralis st. spissinodis var. balearis Santschi, 1925g: 360; unavailable name.] Junior synonym of armouri: Santschi, 1936c: 207 (given as senior synonym but armouri has priority). ballioni. Camponotus maculatus r. ballioni Forel, 1904d: 176 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 87. Raised to spedes: Santschi, 1925h: 166. Junior synonym of maculatus: Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 2 : 1 2 5 . balzani. Camponotus balzani Emery, 1894c: 166 (s.w.) BOLIVIA. Forel, 1918a: 726 (q.). Combination in C. (Myrmothrix): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 79.

sis): Emery, 1925b: 148.

Species-Group Taxa

87

CAMPONOTUS

(continued)

bambusarum. Camponotus angulatus var. bambusarum Forel, 1902b: 176 (w.) BRAZIL. Santschi, 1922c: 109 (s.). Combination in C. (Myrmothrix): Emery, 1925b: 108. Junior synonym of cingulatus: Hashmi, 1973: 31. banghaasi. Camponotus banghaasiEmery, 1903: 79 (s.w.) PERU. Combination in C. (Myrmothrix): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Myrmaphaenus): Emery, 1920b: 256; in C. (Myrmoplatypus): Santschi, 192If: 311. barbaricus. Camponotus maculatus subsp. barbaricus Emery, 1905d: 31 (s.w.) GIBRALTAR. Emery, 1908a: 197 (q.); Baroni Urbani, 1976: 217 (m.); Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 483 (1.). Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Santschi, 1923f: 335; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 100. Subspecies of sylvatiras: Emery, 1920c: 7; Santschi, 1921d: 72 (misspelled as barbarus); Santschi, 1931a: 11; Cagni­ ant, 1964: 109. Raised to species: Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 61; Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 482; Cagniant, 1970c: 32; Schembri & Collingwood, 1 9 8 1 : 4 3 7 . Material of the unavailable name baeticus referred here by Collingwood, 1978: 72. See also: Emery, 1916b: 229. Current subspecies: nominal plus eubarbaricus, xanthomelas. barbarossa. Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmex) arminius subsp. barbarossa Emery, 1920c: 26 (s.w.q.) CAMEROUN. (Camponotus barbarossa Forel, 1910e: 457, and Forel, 1912i: 92, nomina nuda.) Combina­ tion in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1925b: 142; in C. (Myrmopelta), and raised to species: Santschi, 1926a: 21; Santschi, 1926c: 603. Current subspecies: nomi­ nal plus micipsa, sulcatinasis. barbatus. Camponotus barbatus Roger, 1863a: 138 (w.q.) SRI LANKA. Emery, 1901f: 121 (s.). Combi­ nation in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 92. Current subspe­ cies: nominal plus infuscoides, samarus, taylori. barbatus. Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) barbatus Menozzi, 1926e: 94 (q.) PHILIPPINES. [Junior primary h o m ­ o n y m of barbatus Roger, above.] Replacement name: barbosus Baroni Urbani, 1972: 362. barbatus. Camponotus fallax var. barbatus Vashkevich, 1 9 2 6 : 1 1 8 (s.w.q.m.) RUSSIA. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of barbatus Roger, above.] Replacement name: barbiger Donisthorpe, 1941f: 38. #barbiculus. Camponotus (Neomyrmamblys) fastigatus st. barbiculus Santschi, 1922c: 113 (s.w.) BOLIVIA. Combination in C. (Myrmaphaenus): Emery, 1925b: 155. barbiger. Camponotus barbiger Donisthorpe, 1941f: 38. Replacement name for (and elevation to species of) Camponotus fallax var. barbatus Vashkevich, 1926: 118. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of barbatus Roger, 1863a: 138.] Current subgenus: C. (Myrmentoma). barbosus. Camponotus barbosus Baroni Urbani, 1972: 362. Replacement name for barbatus Menozzi, 1926e: 94. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of barbatus Roger, 1863a: 138.]

baronii. Camponotus baronii Alayo & Zayas Montero, 1977: 1, fig. 1 (w.) CUBA. Subgenus ^determinate. tibarringtonensis. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) macilentus var. barringtonensis Wheeler, W.M. 1919c: 282 (w.q.) GALAPAGOS IS. Combination in C. (Pseudocolobopsis): Emery, 1925b: 158. #basalis. Camponotus basalis Smith, F. 1878b: 9, pi., fig. 1 (q.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 352 (s.w.). Combina­ t i o n i n C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 101. Senior synonym of lobinieri:Bingham, 1903: 352. Race/subspecies of maculatus: Forel, 1904c: 29; Forel, 1906b: 84; of sylvaticus: Emery, 1920c: 7; Eidmarm, 1 9 4 2 : 2 5 1 . #basirectus. Camponotus sexguttatus subsp. basirectus Wheeler, W.M. 1923c: 7 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in C. (Myrmosphincta): Kempf, 1972a: 59. basuto. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) basuto Arnold, 1958: 125, fig. 6 (s.w.) LESOTHO. batesii. Camponotus batesiiForel, 1895c: 243 (w.) MAD­ AGASCAR. Combination in C. (Dinomyrmex): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Myrmosphincta): Emery, 1920b: 259; in C. (Myrmosaulus): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705. #batta. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) variegatus subsp. batta Menozzi, 1930a: 3, fig. 2 (s.w.) SUMATRA. bayeri. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) bayeri Forel, 1913h: 356 (s.) ZAIRE. baynei. Camponotus maculatus r. baynei Arnold, 1922: 632 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex), and raised to species: Emery, 1925b: 92. beccarii. Camponotus beccariiEmery, 1887a: 218, pi. 3, fig. 7 (s.w.) SUMATRA. Combination in C. (Myrmosphincta): Forel, 1914a: 273; in C. (Myrmoplatys): Emery, 1920b: 256. #becki. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) radamae st. becki Santschi, 1923e: 292 (w.) MADAGASCAR. [First available use of Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus r. radamaevar. beckiPorel, 1914d: 251; unavailable name.] Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 86. Subspecies of hova: current status. bedoti. Camponotus bedoti Emery, 1893e: 196, pi. 8, fig. 2 (w.) INDONESIA (BatjanL). Viehmeyer, 1916a: 157 (s.); Karavaiev, 1929c: 240 (q.). Combination in C. (Myrmotemnus): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 271; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 988. Subspecies of reticulatus: Forel, 1901b: 27; Forel, 1909d: 229. Revived status as species: Viehmeyer, 1916a: 157; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 988. Subspecies of reticulatus: Emery, 1925b: 139; Stitz, 1934: 5. Revived status as species: Wang, C , Xiao & Wu, 1989a: 222 (in key). beebei. Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) beebei Wheeler, W.M. 1918b: 27 (w.) GUIANA. #belli. Camponotus (Colobopsis) loavar. belli Mann, 1919: 375 (s.w.) SOLOMON IS. tibelliceps. Camponotus (Myrmosericus) cinctellus var. belliceps Santschi, 1939c: 10 (w.) ZAIRE. #betticosus. Camponotus intrepidus r. bellicosus Forel, 1902h: 4 9 3 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in C. (Myrmosaulus): Emery, 1925b: 114. belligerus. Camponotus belligerum Santschi, 1920d: 384,

#bardus. Camponotus walkeri subsp. bardus Forel, 1910b: 73 (s.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in C. (Myrmophyma): Emery, 1925b: 112.

fig. 15 (s.w.) NAMIBIA. Combination in C.

ttbaretoi. Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) propinquus var. baretoi Santschi, 1922c: 123 (w.) ARGENTINA.

(Myrmespera): Santschi, 1926b: 248.

88

Species-Group Taxa

(Myrmoturba): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 949; in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1925b: 140; in C.

bellus. Camponotus bellus Forel, 1908c: 404. Replace­ ment name for omatus Forel, 1907a: 36. [Junior pri­ mary h o m o n y m of omatus Emery, 1894c: 173.] Forel, 1912n: 65 (q.); Viehmeyer, 1916a: 158 (w.m.). Combination in C. (Myrmotemnus): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Myrmosphincta): Santschi, I921f: 311; in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1912a: 90; Emery, 1925b: 138. Current subspecies: nominal plus adustus, leucodiscus. #bendingensis. Camponotus suffusus var. bendingensis Forel, 1902h: 4 9 3 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Crawley, 1921: 96 (m.). Combination in C. (Myrmosaulus): Emery, 1925b: 114. benguelensis. Camponotus foraminosus st. benguelensis Santschi, 191 Ig: 213 (s.w.q.m.) ANGOLA. Combi­ n a t i o n i n C. (Myrmotrema): Santschi, 1915c: 269. Subspecies of grandidieri: Emery, 1925b: 132. Raised to species: Santschi, 1937d: 244. #bequaerti. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) confluens var. bequaerti Forel, 1913b: 343 (s.w.q.) ZAIRE. beritchi. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus r. negus var. beritchiPorel, 1915c: 348 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Unavailable name. berkeleyensis. Camponotus maculatus r. maccooki var. berkeleyensis Forel, 1914c: 619 (w.) U.S.A. Unavail­ able name; material referred to vicinus: Snelling, 1970: 396. bermudezi. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) bermudezi Aguayo, 1932: 225 (w.) CUBA. berthoudi. Camponotus berthoudi Forel, 1879a: 108, pi. 1, fig. 6 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Arnold, 1924: 700. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 271; inC. (Myrmopiromis): Emery, 1925b: 128. bertolonii. Camponotus bertolonii Emery, 1895h: 51 (s.w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. Mayr, 1901b: 28 (m.). Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; Arnold, 1 9 2 2 : 6 5 1 ; in C. (Myrmotemnus): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Myrmamblys): Santschi, 1914b: 134; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 989; Emery, 1925b: 141; in C. (Paramyrmamblys): Santschi, 1926c: 604. beta. Camponotus compressus subsp. thoracica var. beta Santschi, 1907: 333 (q.) ALGERIA. Unavailable name. bianconii. Camponotus bianconiiEmery, 1895h: 52 (s.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 9 2 . bicolor. Formica bicolorLatreille, 1 7 9 8 : 4 3 (w.) FRANCE. [Unresolved junior primary h o m o n y m of Formica bicolor Fabricius, 1793: 351 (now in Cataglyphis).] Junior synonym of lateralis: Mayr, 18 5 3b: 102. bicolor. Camponotus sayi subsp. bicolor Pergande, 1894b: 161 (s.w.q.m.) MEXICO. [Junior secondary h o m ­ o n y m of Formica bicolor Latreille, 1798, above.] Re­ placement name: califomicus Emery, 1925b: 118. #bicontractus. Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmex) arminius var. bicontractus Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 971 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. [First available use of Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmex) barbarossa r. arminius var. bicontracta Forel, 1914d: 256; unavailable name.] Arnold, 1924: 721 (s.). Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1925b: 142; in C. (Myrmopelta): Santschi, 1926c: 603 (misspelled as biconstrictus). bidens. Camponotus bidens Mayr, 1870a: 387 (w.) COLOMBIA. Forel, 1899c: 145 (footnote) (s.);

Wheeler, W M . 1934g: 225 (q.). Combination in C. (Myrmeurynota): Forel, 1912i: 92; in C. (Myrmorhachis): Forel, 1914a: 274; i n C. (Myrmocladoecus): Emery, 1925b: 166; Wheeler, W M . 1934e: 4 2 4 . Current subspecies: nominal plus repressus. bifossus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) bifossus Santschi, 1917b: 293 (s.) SOUTH AFRICA. bigenus. Camponotus (Myrmocamelus) bigenus Santschi, 1919a: 333 (s.wjn.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in C. (Myrmophyma): Emery, 1925b: 110; Santschi, 1928e: 4 8 1 . #biguttatus. Camponotus biguttatus Emery, 1894c: 174 (s.w.) BOLIVIA. Combination in C. (Myrmosphincta): Emery, 1925b: 152. Senior synonym of grenadensis: Emery, 1898a: 226; Emery, 1925b: 152. Variety of sexguttatus: Wheeler, W M . 1923c: 8. bimaculata. Formica bimaculata Smith, F. 1858b: 50 (w.) ANTILLES. Junior synonym of ruficeps: Roger, 1862c: 285. Revived from synonymy as variety of sexguttatus: Forel, 1907a: 34; Forel, 1912i: 87. Junior synonym of sexguttatus: Emery, 1925b: 152; Kempf, 1972a: 58. binaluana. Camponotus quadrisectus subsp. hians var. binaluana Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 3 6 1 . Unavailable name. [Unnecessary replacement name for orthocephalus Stitz; unavailable name.] #bindloensis. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) macilentus var. bindloensis Wheeler, W.M. 1919c: 286 (s.w.) GALA­ PAGOS IS. Combination in C. (Pseudocolobopsis): Emery, 1925b: 158. binghamii. Camponotus binghamii Forel, 1894c: 398 (w.) BURMA. Forel, 1902d: 285 (s.). Combination in C. (Myrmotemnus): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 271; Emery, 1925b: 138. #binominatus. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) oblongus var. binominata Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 8 . Replacement name for opaca Forel, 1907a: 32. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of opaca Emery, 1899f: 290.] Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 95. biolleyi. Camponotus biolleyiForel, 1902b: 177 (s.w.m.) COSTA RICA. Combination in C. (Myrmobrachys): Forel, 1914a: 270. birmana. Cataglyphis birmana Collingwood, 1962: 227, figs. 8, 9 (w.) BURMA. Junior synonym of singularis: Brown, 1967a: 277. bispinosus. Camponotus bispinosus Mayr, 1870a: 388, pi., fig. 6 (w.) COLOMBIA. Combination i n C. (Myrmeurynota): Forel, 1912i: 92; in C. (Myrmorhachis): Forel, 1914a: 274; in C. (Myrmocladoecus): Emery, 1925b: 166; Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 4 2 4 . bituberculatus. Camponotus bituberculatus Andre, 1889: 217 (w.) SENEGAL. Andre, 1890: 311 (q.). Combi­ nation in C. (Myrmotrema): Forel, 1914a: 270. blandus. Formica blanda Smith, F. 1858b: 4 3 (w.) BRA­ ZIL. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 5; in C. (Myrmocamelus): Forel, 19131:249; i n C. (Myrmaphaenus): Emery, 1920b: 256. Current sub­ species: nominal plus aequinotus, crispulus, denudatus, pellitus, pronotalis, rosariensis, scintillans. bocki. Camponotus bocki Forel, 1907e: 12 (s.w.q.m.) BOLIVIA. Combination in C. (Camponotus): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 7 8 .

boera. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) ballioni var. boera Santschi, 1925h: 166 (s.w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. [First available use of Camponotus maculatus subsp. cognatus var. boera Forel, 1910f: 27; unavailable name.] Junior synonym of maculatus: Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 2 : 1 2 5 . boghossiani. CamponotusboghossianiForel, 191 Id: 357 (s.w.) GREECE. Combination in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Forel, 1914a: 273; in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1925b: 121. Current subspe­ cies: nominal plus stenoticus. #boivini. Camponotus maculatus r. boivini Forel, 1891b: 34 (w.q.) MADAGASCAR. Forel, 1891b: 213 (m.). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 86. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 3 . Sub­ species of maculatus: Emery, 1895f: 337; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1040. Subspecies of nova: Emery, 1920c: 6; Emery, 1925b: 8 6 . boliviano. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) distinguendus r. boliviano Stitz, 1 9 3 3 : 7 1 , fig. 3 (s.) BOLIVIA. Junior synonym of bruchi: Kusnezov, 1953e: 225, #bombycinus. Camponotus (Myrmosericus) vestitus st. bombycinus Santschi, 1930b: 7 7 (w.) ANGOLA. bonariensis. Camponotus bonariensis Mayr, 1868b: 162 (w.) ARGENTINA. Forel, 19131:248 (q.m.); Gonirt al. 1983: 366 (k.). Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 19131: 248; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 79. Race of rubripes: Emery, 1888c: 365; of maculatus: Forel, 1895b: 101; Forel, 1912i: 7 0 . Revived status as species: Emery, 1894g: 373; Forel, 1914a: 267; Emery, 1920b: 233; Santschi, 1922d: 2 6 1 . See also: Bruch, 1916: 352. Current subspe­ cies: norninal plus curtulus. garbei, luteolus, parvulus, tucumanus, weiseri. borellii. Camponotus maculatus subsp. borellii Emery, 1894e: 1 (s.w.q.) ARGENTINA. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 19131:248; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 7 9 . Raised to species: Emery, 1920b: 2 3 3 . Current subspecies: nominal plus saltensis. #borneensis. Camponotusgigas var. bomeensis Emery, 1887a: 2 1 4 (w.q.m.) BORNEO. Combination in C. (Dinomyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 70. Race of gigas: Emery, 1893e: 195. bosphoricus. Camponotus maculatus r. samius var. bosphoricus Forel, 1906c: 187 (w.) TURKEY. Unavailable name; material referred to samius by Atanassov & DIussky, 1 9 9 2 : 2 1 9 . bottegoi. Camponotus bottegoi Emery, 1895a: 181 (s.w.q.) SOMALIA. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Myrmotrema): Santschi, 1914b: 136. brachycephalus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) brachycephalus Santschi, 1920g: 182 (q.) VIETNAM. #bradleyi. Camponotus (Myrmocladoecus) callistus subsp. bradleyi Wheeler, W.M. 1934g: 2 3 4 (w.) PERU. branneri. Dendromyrmex branneri Mann, 1 9 1 6 : 4 8 8 , pi. 6, fig. 4 7 (w.) BRAZIL. Kempf, 1976a: 107 (s.). Com­ bination i n Camponotus, subgenus mdeterminate: Kempf, 1976a: 107. brasiliensis. Camponotus brasiliensis Mayr, 1862: 671 (w.) BRAZIL. Kutter, 1 9 3 2 : 2 1 0 (q.). Combination in C. (Myrmobrachys): Emery, 1925b: 163. Vari­ ety/race of crassus: Forel, 1885a: 346; Forel, 1912i: 78. Revived status as species: Santschi, 1919f: 56;

Santschi, l 9 2 5 d : 246. Current subspecies: nominal plus antennatus (unresolved junior h o m o n y m ) , chacoensis, cltviiis. braunsi. Camponotus braunsi Mayr, 1 8 9 5 : 1 5 1 (w.) MOZAMBIQUE. Mayr, 1901b: 28 (footnote) (q.); Arnold, 1924:715 (s.). Combination in C. (Myrmentoma): Forel, 1913a: 146; in C (Orthonotomyrmex): Forel, 1914a: 273; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 971; in C. (Myrmisolepis): Santschi, 1921f: 310; Emery, 1925b: 134. Current subspecies: nominal plus candidus, epinotalis, erythromelus. brettesu Camponotus brettesi Forel, 1899c: 141 (w.) GUATEMALA. Combination in C. (Myrmobrachys): Forel, 1914a: 270. Current subspecies: nominal plus canalis. #brevibarbis. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) punctulatus var. brevibarbis Santschi, 1939e: 325 (w.) BOLIVIA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Kempf, 1972a: 70. breviaoMs. Camponotus (Dinomyrmex) brevicollis Stitz, 1 9 1 6 : 4 0 1 , fig. 13 (w.) CONGO. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 8 4 . brevis. Camponotus brevis Forel, 1899c: 140, pi. 4, fig. 20 (s.w.q.m.) PANAMA. Combination in C. (Myrmobrachys): Forel, 1914a: 270. Current subspe­ cies: nominal plus obscurifrons, pauli. brevisetosus. Camponotus fulvopilosus subsp. brevisetosus Forel, 1910f: 25 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combina­ tion in C. (Myrmopiromis): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 986. Raised to species: Robertson, 1 9 9 0 : 3 2 7 . brevitibialis. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus st. radamoides var. brevitibialis Santschi, 1920g: 181 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Unavailable name; material referred to guttatus by Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 2 : 1 3 2 . britteni. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) britteni Donisthorpe, 1931a: 129 (s.w.) GREAT BRITAIN. *brodiei. *Camponorus (Colobopsis) brodieiDonisthorpe, 1 9 2 0 : 9 3 , pi. 5, fig. 13 (s.) GREAT BRITAIN (Oligocene). brookei. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) brookei Forel, 1914d: 259 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Arnold, 1924: 706 (s.q.). Combination in C. (Paramyrmamblys): Santschi, 1926c: 604. bruchi. Camponotus bruchiForel 1912i: 69 (s.w.q.m.) ARGENTINA. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 78. Senior synonym of boliviano: Kusnezov, 1953e: 225. Current subspecies: noniinal plus lysistrata, titicacensis. bruesi. Camponotus bruesi Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 349 (s.w.) U.S.A. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 271; in C. (Myrmaphaenus): Emery, 1925b: 154. Junior synonym of ulcerosus: Creighton, 1951: 53. ttbrutlei. Formica brullei Smith, F. 1858b: 35. Replace­ ment name for Formica carinata Brulle, 1840: 84. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of Formica carinata Fabricius, 1804:413.] Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 2. Subspecies of compressus: Santschi, 1939d: 8 2 (as carinata). bruneiensis. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) bruneiensis Viehmeyer, 1922: 217 (w.) BORNEO. brunneigaster. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) punctulatus st. minutiorvar. brunneigaster Santschi, 1929d: 313 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. Unavailable name.

Species-Group Taxa

89

CAMPONOTUS

(continued)

brunneiventris. Camponotus (Myrmothrix) cingulatus var. brunneiventris Santschi, 1920e: 125 (w.) BOLIVIA. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1922c: 109.] Stirps of cingulatus: Santschi, 1925d: 245. Junior synonym of cingulatus: Hashmi, 1973: 31. brunni. Camponotus marginatusr. brunni Forel, 1901h: 70 (w.) JAPAN. Combination in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1925b: 118. Subspecies/variety of fallax: Forel, 191 l e : 294; of caryae: Wheeler, W.M. 1917c: 29; of marginatus: Ruzsky, 1925b: 4 2 . Raised to spe­ cies: Ruzsky, 1 9 2 6 : 1 0 9 . brutus. Camponotus rubripes r. brutus Forel, 1886f: 155 (s.w.q.) ANGOLA. Mayr, 1895:150 (m.). Combina­ tion in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1913b: 340; i n C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 100. Subspecies of maculatus: Emery, 1896d: 371; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 236; of solon: Emery, 1925b: 100; Menozzi, 1942:180. Raised to species: n e w s t a t u s . bryani. Camponotus (Condylomyrma) bryani Santschi, 1928c: 72, fig. 2 (w.) FIJI IS. Combination in C. (Colobopsis):Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 4 2 3 . bucephala. Formica bucephala Roger, 1859: 228. Unavailable name; material referred to cruentatus by Roger, 1859:228. buchholzi. Camponotus buchholzi Mayr, 1902:297 (s.w.q.) CAMEROUN. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 2 7 1 . buchneri Forel, 1886; see under PHASMOMYRMEX. buddhae. Camponotus buddhae Forel, 1892j: 2 3 8 (s.w.) INDIA. Ruzsky, 1905b: 191 (q.); Viehmeyer, 1916b: 290 (m.). Combination in C.(Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 93. bugnioni. Camponotus bugnioni Forel, 1899c: 131 (foot­ note) (s.w.) COLOMBIA. Kutter, 1931a: 62 (q.); Santschi, 1936b: 196 (m.). Combination in C. (Myrmothrix): Forel, 1912i: 9 1 . See also: Hashmi, 1973: 24. bulimosus. Camponotus maculatus subsp. bulimosus Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 308 (s.w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combi­ nation in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Camponotus): Emery, 1925b: 75; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Creighton, 1950a: 379. Subspecies of sansabeanus: Emery, 1920b: 2 3 2 (footnote); Creighton, 1950a: 379. Junior synonym of sansabeanus: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 14. burgeoni. Camponotus (Myrmacrhaphe) burgeoni Santschi, 1926c: 609, fig. 3 (w.) ZAIRE. burtoni. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) burtoni Marm, 1916:479, pi. 6, figs. 4 5 , 4 6 (s.) BRAZIL. Combina­ tion in C. (Hypercolobopsis): Emery, 1920b: 260; in C. (Myrmobrachys): Emery, 1925b: 166. butteli. Camponotus butteliForel, 1905b: 164 (w.) MAD­ AGASCAR. Combination in C. (Myrmocamelus): Forel, 1914a: 270; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 104. #buttesi. Camponotus contractus var. buttesi Forel, 1902g: 463 (s.w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Combination in C. (Myrmoplatys): Emery, 1925b: 136. buttikeri. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) buttikeri Arnold, 1958:126, fig. 7 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. buxtoni. Camponotus (Colobopsis) buxtoni Santschi, 1928a: 56, fig. 9 (w.) SAMOA. Junior synonym of flavolimbatus: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 97.

90

Species-Group Taxa

cabrerai. Camponotus alii st. hesperius var. cabrerai Santschi, 1939d: 8 4 (w.) CANARY IS. Unavailable name. ^cachmiriensis. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) aethiops var. cachmiriensis Emery, 1925b: 97 (s.w.m.) INDIA. [First available use of Camponotus maculatus r. aethiops var. cachmiriensis Forel, 1904c: 29; unavail­ able name.] cacicus. CamponotuscacicusEmery, 1 9 0 3 : 7 6 (s.w.) PERU. Combination in C. (Myrmogigas): Forel, 1912i: 91; in C. (Dinomyrmex): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 84. caeciliae. Camponotus maculatus r. caeciliae Forel, 1906c: 188 (s.w.) TURKEY. Junior synonym oi festai: Emery, 1908a: 187. caesar. Camponotuscaesar'Forel, 1886f: 162 (w.) ANGOLA. Emery, 1899e: 503 (s.q.). Combination in C. (Myrmogigas): Forel, 19121:91; in C. (Dinomyrmex): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Myrmoxygenys): Emery, 1925b: 70. Current subspe­ cies: nominal plus imperator. coffer. Camponotus caffer Emery, 1895h: 47, pi. 2, figs. 25, 26 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Dinomyrmex): Emery, 1920b: 256; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 84. Race of maculatus: Forel, 1901h: 69. Revived status as species: Forel, 1914a: 267; Emery, 1920b: 256; Arnold, 1922: 650; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 9 6 3 . cajurensis. Camponotus (Myrmothrix) rufipes forma cajurensis Luederwaldt, 1918: 53 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of rufipes: Hashmi, 1973: 52. calceatus. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus st. radamoides var. calceatus Santschi, 1930b: 76 (s.w.) ANGOLA. Unavailable name; material referred to maculatus by Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 2 : 1 2 5 . califomica. Camponotus (Myrmentoma) sayi subsp. californica Emery, 1925b: 118. Replacement name for Camponotus sayi subsp. bicolor Pergande, 1894b: 161. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of Formica bicolor Latreille, 1798:43.] Junior synonym of sayi: Snell­ ing, 1968b: 355; of hyatti: Snelling, 1988: 69. callida. Formica callida Smith, F. 1858b: 18 (w.) INDIA. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 2. Junior synonym of ardens: Mayr, 1886c: 353; of angusticollis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 221; Emery, 1896d: 370; Bingham, 1903: 366; Wheeler, W.M. 19I9e: 106; of compressus: Roger, 1863b: 2; Emery, 1925b: 98. callistus. Camponotus callistus Emery, 191 la: 2 2 3 (s.w.m.) BOLIVIA. Combination in C. (Myrmorhachis): Forel, 1914a: 274; in C. (Myrmocladoecus): Emery, 1925b: 166; Wheeler, W.M. 1934e: 424. Current subspecies: nominal plus bradleyi. cdllmorphus. Camponotus (Myrmosaga) callmorphus Stitz, 1923: 166 (w.) NAMIBIA. #caloratus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) gasseri subsp. caloratus Wheeler, W.M. 1934d: 162 (s.w.q.m.) AUS­ TRALIA. calvus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) calvus Emery, 1920c: 32 (q.) WEST MALAYSIA. cambouei. Camponotus cambouei Forel, 1891b: 68, pi. 1, fig. 13; pi. 2, fig. 1 (s.w.) MADAGASCAR. Combina­ tion in C. (Camponotus): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C.

(Myrmosaga): Emery, 1920b: 257; in C. (Mayria): Emery, 1925b: 122. camelinus. Formica camelina Smith, F. 1857a: 57 (w.) SINGAPORE. Bingham, 1903: 373 (s.q.). Combina­ tion in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 3; in C. (Myrmosphincta): Forel, 1912i: 92; Emery, 1920b: 256; in C. (Myrmocamelus): Forel, 1914a: 270; in C. (Myrmosaulus): Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 705. Variety of singularis: Emery, 1887a: 210; of cinerascens: Dalla Torre, 1893: 224. Revived status as species: Emery, 1895f: 355; Bingham, 1903: 373; Forel, 1912i: 92; Wheeler, 1919e: 112. Senior synonym of senilis: Forel, 1892J: 2 3 2 . camelus. Camponotus camelus Emery, 1883:146, fig. (w.) NEW CALEDONIA. Combination in C. (Myrmosphincta): Forel, 1914a: 273; in C. (Myrmotemnus): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Colobopsis): Emery, 1925b: 149 earneranoi. Camponotus senex subsp. cameranoi Emery, 1894e: 3 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. Forel, 1909a: 2 6 4 (q.). Combination in C. (Myrmobrachys): Forel, 1914a: 2 7 0 . Raised to species: Forel, 1914a: 270; Bruch, 1914: 228. Current subspecies: nominal plus eugaster, inlex. cameratus. Camponotus (Myrmogonia) cameratus Viehmeyer, 1925b: 146 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. cameroni. Camponotus cameroni Forel, 1892f: 256. Re­ placement name for mayri Cameron, 1891: 89. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of mayri Forel, 1879a: 92.] Combination in C. (Myrmobrachys): Forel, 1914a: 2 7 0 . Subspecies of senex: Emery, 1896d: 377. Revived status as species: Forel, 1914a: 2 7 0 . #canalis. Camponotus brettesi var. canalis Forel, 1912i: 79 (w.) PANAMA. Combination in C. (Myrmobrachys): Emery, 1925b: 163. #candidus. Camponotus (Myrmisolepis) braunsi var. candidus Santschi, 1926c: 618 (w.) TANZANIA. candiotes. Camponotus lateralis var. candiotes Emery, 1894J: 10 (w.) GREECE. Combination in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1925a: 68; Emery, 1925b: 120. Variety oipiceus:Emery, 1925a: 68; Menozzi, 1936d: 304. Raised to species: Agosti & Colling­ wood, 1987a: 58. canescens. Camponotus canescens Mayr, 1870a: 386 (w.) COLOMBIA. Menozzi, 1935b: 203 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953e: 194 (1.). Combination in C. (Myrmobrachys): Forel, 1914a: 2 7 0 . Current sub­ species: nominal plus antennatus, stomatus. capito. Camponotus capita Mayr, 1876: 6 4 (s.w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Forel, 1915b: 99 (w.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 650 (1.). Combination in C. (Myrmophyma): Forel, 1912i: 9 1 . Provisional junior synonym of cinereus: Santschi, 1919a: 330. Retained as species: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985:110. Current subspecies: nominal plus ebeninithorax. capperi. Camponotus capperi Forel, 1899c: 138 (s.w.) JAMAICA. Combination in C. (Myrmothrix): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Myrmobrachys): Wheeler, W.M. 1917g: 468; in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1920b: 259; in C. (Myrmaphaenus): Emery, 1925b: 156. Current subspecies: nominal plus corticalis, formosulus, subdepilis, unctulus. caracaUa. Camponotus caracalla Forel, 1912i: 80 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel,

1914a: 271; in C. (Myrmobrachys): Emery, 1925b: 165. carazzii Emery, 1895; see under NOTOSTIGMA. carbo. Camponotus carbo Emery, 1877b: 364, fig. (w.) ETHIOPIA. Combination in C. (Myrmotrema): Forel, 1913b: 341. Current subspecies: nominal plus occidentalis. carbonarius. Formica carbonaria Latreille, 1802c: 114, pi. 3, fig. 8 (w.) "GRAND-INDES". Combination in Camponotus .Roger, 1863b: 2. Subgenus indetermi­ nate: Emery, 1925b: 171. #cardini. Camponotus (Colobopsis) sphaericus var. cardini Mann, 1 9 2 0 : 4 3 8 (w.) CUBA. Combination in C. (Manniella): Emery. 1925b: 160. #carensis. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) irritans subsp. carensis Emery, 1920c: 16, fig. 3 (w.) NICOBARIS. Com­ bination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 94. carin. Camponotus dorycus r. carin Emery, 1889b: 512 (s.w.) BURMA. Combination in C. (Dinomyrmex): Forel, 1915a: 3 7 ; i n C . (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 90. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 223; Bingham, 1903: 365. Subspecies of dorycus: Forel, 1915a: 37. Raised to species: Emery, 1925b: 90; Wheeler, W M . 1927d: 9; Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 12; Wheeler, W.M. 1930a: 105; Wang, C , Xiao & Wu, 1989a: 223. Current subspecies: nominal plus babiensis, tenuisquamis, tipunus. carinata. Formica carinata Brulle, 1840: 84 (w.) CANARY IS. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of Formica carinata Fabricius, 1 8 0 4 : 4 1 3 (now in Polyrhachis).] Replacement name: Formica brullei Smith, F. 1858b: 35. [Note: the replacement name, although pro­ posed long ago, appears to have been mostly ignored by later authors.] Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 2. Junior synonym of maculatus: Roger, 1863b: 2; Mayr, 1865: 27. Variety of cognatus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 225. Subspecies of maculatus:Emery, 1893c: 85; Emery, 1895h: 46. Stirps of compressus: Santschi, 1939d: 82. carinata. Colobopsis carinata Mayr, 1870b: 943 (s.) FIJI IS. Combination in Camponotus (Colobopsis): Emery, 1889b: 517; in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 271; in C. (Myrmotemnus): Emery, 1920b: 258. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of Formica carinata Brulle, above.] Replacement name: polynesicus Emery, 1896d: 374. ticarinatus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) vitreus r. carinata Stitz, 1938: 116 (q.) NEW GUINEA. [Unresolved junior secondary h o m o n y m of Formica carinata Brulle, above. Note that the proposed replacement name, neocarinata Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 361, is unavailable.] #carinifer. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) tinctus var. carinifer Viehmeyer, 1916a: 156 (s.q.) SINGAPORE. Subspe­ cies of irritans: current status. carolinus. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus r. carolinus Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 5 8 . Subspecies of bonariensis: Emery, 1925b: 79; Kempf, 1972a: 65. Unnecessarily proposed replacement name for luteolus Emery, 1906c: 188, hence junior synonym of the latter: n e w synonymy. caryae. Formica caryaeFitch, 1855:855 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 6; in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1920b: 257. Junior synonym of pennsylvanicus: Forel, 1879a: 56; Dalla Torre,

1893:247. Revived from synonymy: Wheeler, W.M. 1917c: 2 8. Material of the unavailable name cnemidatus referred here: Smith, M.R. 1940b: 139. See also: Creighton, 1950a: 385; Snelling, 1 9 8 8 : 6 0 . Current subspecies: nominal plus himalayanus, kamensis. casicus. Camponotus (Dinomyrmex) casica Santschi, 1920g: 180 (attributed to Emery) (q.) FRENCH GUI­ ANA. Subgeneric placement: probably Tanaemyrmex. #cassius. Camponotus (Dinomyrmex) pompeius subsp. cassius Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 239, figs. 60, 61 (s.w.) ZAIRE. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 89.

#cavisquamis. Camponotus (Paramyrmamblys) ferreri st. cavisquamis Santschi, 1926c: 604 (q.) KENYA. cecconii. Camponotus maculatus subsp. cecconii Emery, 1908a: 198 (s.w.) CYPRUS. Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 101. Subspecies oi sylvati­ cus: Emery, 1920c: 7. Raised to species: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 58.

castaneus. Formica castanea Latreille, 1802c: 118, pi. 3, figs. 11, 12 (w.q.m.) U S A . Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 321 (s.). Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 6; in C. (Camponotus): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Creighton, 1950a: 375. Senior synonym of mellea (and its junior synonym clarus): Mayr, 1886d: 420; Forel, 1886f: 141.

cervicalis. Camponotus cervicalisRoger, 1863a: 134 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Forel, 1891b: 19 (s.w.q.m.). Conbination in C. (Dinomyrmex): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 84. Current subspe­ cies: nominal plus gaullei. #cetegus. Camponotus festinus subsp. cetegus Forel, 1911a: 50 (s.) SUMATRA. Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 90.

castanea. Formica castanea Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1 8 3 5 : 2 1 5 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. [Unresolved junior pri­ mary h o m o n y m of castanea Latreille, above.] Junior synonym of herculeanus: Mayr, 1863: 399. castanea. Camponotus (Myrmacantha) castanea Stitz, 1 9 2 5 : 1 2 8 , fig. 7 (w.) PHILIPPINES. [Junior second­ ary h o m o n y m of Formica castanea Latreille, above.] Replacement name: castanicola Donisthorpe, 1943e: 116. castanicola. Camponotus (Myrmacantha) castanicolus Donisthorpe, 1943e: 116. Replacement name for castanea Stitz, 1 9 2 5 : 1 2 8 . [Junior secondary h o m ­ o n y m of castanea Latreille, 1802c: 118.] Subgenus ^determinate. castanipes. Formica castanipes Leach, 1825: 290 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Junior synonym of sylvaticus: Roger, 1863b: I #castellanus. Camponotus (Pseudocolobopsis) macilentus var. castariellusJNheeler, W.M. 1924a: 116, fig. 25 (s.w.q.m.) TGALAPAGOS IS. catalanus. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) sylvaticus var. catalana Emery, 1924c: 170 (w.) SPAIN. Raised to spe­ cies: Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 83. cataractae. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus st. radamoides var. cataractae Santschi, 1919b: 239 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. Unavailable name; material referred to maculatus by Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 2 : 1 2 5 . #catharinae. Camponotus melanoticus var. catharinae Santschi, 1939e: 323 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Kempf, 1972a: 69. #cato. Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmex) meinertir. cato Forel, 1913b: 346 (s.w.) ZAIRE. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1925b: 142; in C. (Myrmopelta): Santschi, 1926a: 18. Subspecies of vividus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 248; Santschi, 1926a: 18. Senior synonym of laevithorax: Menozzi, 1933a: 113. caucasicus. Camponotus herculeanus subsp. caucasicus Amol'di, 1 9 6 7 : 1 8 2 2 (s.w.q.m.) CAUCASUS. Junior synonym of herculeanus: Arakelian, 1994: 85. cavallus. Camponotus maculatus st. cavallus Santschi, 191 lg: 211 (s.w.q.) ANGOLA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 88. Junior synonym of maculatus: Baroni Urbani, 1972: 125.

cerberulus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) cerberulus Emery, 1920c: 34 (q.) MEXICO. Wheeler, W.M. 1934g: 2 1 4 (s.m.). ceriseipes. Camponotus (Myrmophyma) ceriseipes Clark, 1938: 378, figs. 17-19 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1974a: 60 (1.).

ceylonicus. Camponotus (Colobopsis) ceylonicus Emery, 1925b: 145. Replacement name for testacea Bingham, 1903: 347. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of testaceus Emery, 1894f: 3.] chaboti. Camponotus (Myrmosericus) rufoglaucus st. con­ troversy var. chaboti Santschi, 1925h: 167 (s.w.q.) ANGOLA. Unavailable name. chacoanus. Camponotus (Myrmaphaenus) blandus st. rosariensis var. chacoanus Santschi, 1929d: 314 (w.) ARGENTINA. Unavailable name. ^chacoensis. Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) brasiliensis var. chacoensis Santschi, 19I9f: 56 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. chalaconotus. Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmex) chalaconotusMenozzi, 1929c: 430, figs. 1, 2 (s.) INDIA. Junior synonym of megalonyx: Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 3 6 e : 2 1 7 . chalceoides. Camponotus (Myrmophyma) chalceoides Clark, 1938: 376, figs. 14-16 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. chalceus. Camponotus (Myrmosaga) chalceus Crawley, 1915b: 236 (s.w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in C. (Myrmophyma): Emery, 1920b: 257; Santschi, 1928e: 4 8 2 . championi. Camponotus championi Forel, 1899c: 157, pi. 4, figs. 21, 22 (s.w.) MEXICO. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1914a: 271; in C. (Myrmobrachys): Emery, 1925b: 165; in C. (Manniella): Wheeler, W.M. 1934g: 210; in C. (Myrmaphaenus): Creighton, 1951: 57. chapini. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) chapini Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 254, fig. 68 (s.w.) ZAIRE. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Santschi, 1926c: 600; in C. (Myrmamblys): Weber, 1943c: 386. Variety of agonius: Santschi, 1926b: 252; Santschi, 1926c: 600. Revived status as species: Weber, 1943c: 386. Cur­ rent subspecies: nominal plus ganzii. chazaliei. Camponotusnovogranadensisr. chazalieiPorel, 1899c: 149 (s.w.) ANTILLES. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1912i: 90; in C. (Myrmaphaenus): Emery, 1925b: 155. Raised to spe­ cies: Forel, 1902b: 172; Emery, 1903: 74. cheesmanae. Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) cheesmanae Donisthorpe, 1932a: 88 (s.w.) COLOMBIA. chilensis. Formica chilensis Spinola, 1851a: 237 (w.q.) CHILE. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b:

Spedes-Group Taxa

91

CAMPONOTUS

(continued)

5; in C. (Myrmosericus): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Myrmamblys): Bruch, 1914:228; in C. (Myrmoturba): Emery, 1920b: 255; in C. (TAWaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 78. See also: Snelling & Hunt, 1976:117. #chimporensis. Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmex) mayri var. chimporensis Santschi, 1930b: 80 (w.) ANGOLA. a chiton. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) solon var. chiton Emery, 1925b: 100 (s.w.q.) SENEGAL. [First avail­ able use of Camponotus maculatus r. solon var. chilon Forel, 1901h: 68; unavailable name.] chlorogaster. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) irritans subsp. chlorogaster Emery, 1920c: 7 (s.w.) VANUATU. [First available use of Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus subsp. chlorotica var. chlorogaster Emery, 1914f: 429; unavailable name.] Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 94. Junior synonym of chloroticus: Wilson & Taylor, 1 9 6 7 : 9 3 . chloroticus. Camponotus maculatus subsp. chloroticus Emery, 1897d: 574 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Emery, 1914f: 4 2 4 (m.). Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Emery, 1914f: 424; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 94. Subspecies of irritans: Emery, 1920c: 7; Karavaiev, 1933a: 316. Raised to species, senior syn­ o n y m of chlorogaster and sanctaecrucis, and material of the unavailable name samoaensis referred here: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 93. #cholericus. Camponotus andrei var. cholericus Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 59 (s.w.m.) MEXICO. Combinationin C. (Myrmaphaenus): Emery, 1925b: 154. chongqingensis. Camponotus chongqingensis Wu & Wang; in Wang, C , Xaio & Wu, 1989a: 226, figs. 15, 16 (s.w.) CHINA. christi. Camponotus christi Forel, 1886f: 184 (w.) MAD­ AGASCAR. Combination in C. (Myrmocamelus): Forel, 1914a: 270; in C. (Myrmosaga): Emery, 1920b: 257; i n C. (Mayria): Emery, 1925b: 122. Current sub­ species: nominal plus ambustus, ferrugineus (unre­ solved h o m o n y m ) , foersteri, maculiventris. #christoides. Camponotus lubbockir. christoides Forel, 1891b: 61 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in C. (Mayria): Emery, 1925b: 123. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 4 . Subspecies of lubbocki: Emery, 1896d: 772; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1046. christophei. Camponotus christophei Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 57, figs. 2 5 , 2 6 (s.) HAITI. Combina­ tion in C. (Myrmeurynota): Forel, 1914a: 274. christopherseni. Camponotus (Colobopsis) christopherseni Forel, 19121: 85 (s.w.q.) PANAMA. Combinationin C. (Hypercolobopsis): Emery, 1925b: 160; in C. (Myrmeurynota), and possible junior synonym of linnaei: Kempf, 1960f:464. chromaiodes. Camponotus chromaiodes n e w n a m e . Re­ placement name for Formica ferruginea Fabricius, 1798:279. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of Formica ferruginea Christ, 1791: 512.] [For earlier history of the taxon see under ferruginea Fabricius.] #chrysogaster. Camponotus foraminosus subsp. chrysogaster Emery, 1895a: 182 (s.) ETHIOPIA. Forel, 1907g: 90 (q.m.). Combination in C. (Myrmotrema): Santschi, 1915c: 277. Raised to species: Emery, 1899a: 5 0 1 . Subspecies of foraminosus: Forel, 1907g: 90; Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 979.

92

Species-Group Taxa

chrysothrix. Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) crassus st. amazonicus var. chrysothrix Santschi, 1922c: 123 (w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable name. chrysurus. Camponotus chrysurus Gerstacker, 1871: 355 (w.) KENYA. Forel, 1899b: 308 (s.); Santschi, 1914b: 135 (q.); Forel, 1915c: 350 (q.). Combina­ tion in C. (Myrmentoma): Forel, 1912i: 92; in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Forel, 1913b: 346; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 971; i n C. (Myrmopiromis): Emery, 1925b: 129; in C. (Myrmopelta): Santschi, 1921f: 311; Santschi, 1926a: 20; Santschi, 1926c: 603. Cur­ rent subspecies: norninal plus acutisquamis, apellis, securifer, yvonnae. #chubutensis. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) punctulatus var. chubutensis Forel, 19131:248 (S.). ARGENTINA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 78. cilicicus. Camponotus cilicicus Emery, 1908a: 186 (w.) TURKEY. Combination in C. (Camponotus): Forel, 1914a: 266; Emery, 1925b: 7 2 . cttlae. Camponotus cillae Forel, 1912i: 7 4 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Combination i n C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1914a: 267; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 79. cincteUus. Formica cinctella Gerstacker, 1 8 5 9 : 2 6 2 (w.q.m.) MOZAMBIQUE. [Also described as n e w by Gerstacker, 1862: 510.] Arnold, 1924: 689 (s.). Combination i n Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 2; in C. (Myrmosericus): Forel, 1913b: 340. Subspecies/race of rufoglaucus: Mayr, 1893:195; Emery, 1895a: 180; Forel, 1909b: 67; Forel, 1910c: 2 7 1 ; Forel, 1913h: 356; Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 966; Arnold, 1924: 689; Emery, 1925b: 105; Menozzi, 1939c: 107. Revived status as species: Santschi, 1939c: 10. Senior syn­ o n y m of venustus: Emery, 1895h: 48; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 967; Emery, 1925b: 106. Current subspecies: nominal plus belliceps. cinerascens. Formica cinerascens Fabricius, 1787: 308 (q.) INDIA. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1963b: 3; in C. (Myrmosphincta): Forel, 1912i: 92; in C. (Myrmosaulus): Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; in C. (Myrmosericus): Emery, 1925b: 105; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 445 (see note under Myrmosaulus in cata­ logue of genus-group taxa). Junior s y n o n y m of rufoglaucus:Roger, 1863b: 3; Forel, I892j: 237; Emery, 1925b: 105 (questionable synonym). Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 4 ; Emery, 1895k: 479; Emery, 1896d: 373; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 705; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 4 4 . cinereus. Camponotus cinereus Mayr, 1876: 62 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Combination in C. (Myrmocamelus): Forel, 1913g: 192; Forel, 1914a: 270; i n C. (Myrmophyma): Emery, 1920b: 192; Santschi, 1928e: 4 8 1 . Current subspecies: nominal plus amperei, notterae. cingulatus. Camponotus cingulatus Mayr, 1862: 661 (w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1879a: 73 (s.); Hashmi, 1973:41 (q.). Combinationin C. (Myrmothrix):Forel, 1914a: 268. Subspecies of maculatus: Bruch, 1 9 1 4 : 2 2 9 (in error). Revived status as species: Santschi, 1 9 2 2 c 109. Senior synonym of bambusarum, brunneiventris, damocles, fissa and myster, and material of the unavail­ able n a m e postniger referred here: Hashmi, 1973: 31. circularis. Camponotus circularis Mayr, 1870a: 380, pi., fig. 2 (w.) COLOMBIA. Combination in C. (Myrmorhachis): Emery, 1920b: 260; in C.

(Myrmobrachys): Forel, 1914a: 271; Emery, 1920c: 44. Current subspecies: nominal plus rufitibia. circumspectus. Formica circumspecta Smith, F. 1861b: 37 (w.q.) SULAWESI. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 4; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 6 5 . citinus. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus st. radamoides var. citinus Santschi, 1930b: 7 7 (foot­ note) (s.w.) ZAIRE. Unavailable name; material referred to maculatus by Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 2 : 1 2 5 . clarigaster. Camponotus acutirostris var. clarigaster Wheeler, W M . 1915b: 4 2 0 (s.) U.S.A. Junior syn­ onym of acutirostris: Creighton, 1950a: 375. ftcJarior. Camponotus nigriceps var. darior Forel, 1902h: 506 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 103. Junior synonym of pallidiceps: Wheeler, W.M. 1933b: 2 3 . Revived from synonymy as subspecies of nigriceps: Clark, 1934c: 71; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 1 7 . claripes. Camponotus claripes Mayr, 1 8 7 6 : 6 4 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. Forel, 1902h: 4 9 6 (q.). Combination in C. (Myrmophyma): Forel, 1914a: 269; in C. (Thlipsepinotus): Santschi, 1928e: 4 8 3 . Current sub­ species: nominal plus elegans, inverallensis, marcens, minimus, nudimalis, orbiculatopunctatus, piperatus. clarithorax. Camponotus caryae subsp. clarithorax Creighton, 1950a: 386 (s.w.q.m.) U.S.A. [First avail­ able use of Camponotus marginatus subsp. discolor var. clarithorax Emery, 1893i: 678; unavailable name.] Raised to species: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 844. See also: Snelling, 1 9 8 8 : 6 1 . clarus. Camponotus clarus Mayr, 1862: 661 (w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of mellea: Mayr, 1866a: 485 (in text). clara. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) maculatus subsp. aethiops var. clara Karavaiev, 1926e: 190 (s.w.q.) RUSSIA. Unavailable name. it clarus. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) substitutusvar. clara Stitz, 1 9 3 8 : 1 1 6 (q.) ARGENTINA. [Unresolved junior primary h o m o n y m of clarus Mayr, 1862: 661. Note that proposed replacement name, lacteus Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 3 6 1 , is unavailable.] claveaui. Camponotus (Myrntoturba) maculatus st. aegyptiacus var. claveaui Santschi, 1926b: 2 5 0 (w.) SENEGAL. Unavailable name; material referred to aegyptiacus by Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 2 : 1 3 0 . claviscapus. Camponotus claviscapus Forel, 1899c: 152 (s.w.q.) TRINIDAD. [Camponotus claviscapus Emery, 1896g: 36. Nomen nudum, attributed to Forel.] Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1 9 6 8 : 2 1 9 (1.). Combi­ nation in C. (Myrmamblys): Forel, 1912i: 90; in C. (Pseudocolobopsis): Emery, 1920b: 259. Current sub­ species: norninal plus lehmanni, occultus, subcarinatus. #cleliae. Camponotus (Myrmotemnus) nutans var. cleliae Santschi, 1926c: 601 (w.) SUMATRA. cleobulus. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) cleobulus Santschi, 1919b: 238 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 92. #cleon. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus r. clean Forel, 1913k: 126 (s.w.q.) SUMATRA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 96. Subspecies of variegatus: Emery, 1920c: 7. derodendri. Colobopsis clerodendri Emery, 1887a: 2 4 1 , fig. (s.w.) BORNEO. Combination i n Camponotus (Colobopsis): Emery, 1889b: 517; Forel, 1912i: 90.

#cliens. Camponotus maculatus subsp. cliens Forel, 191 lb: 2 1 0 (s.w.) JAVA. Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 94. Subspecies of irritans: Emery, 1920c: 7. #clivius. Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) crassus var. clivia Emery, 1925b: 163 (w.) BRAZIL. [First available use of Camponotus crassus r. brasiliensis var. clivia Forel, 19121: 78; unavailable name.] Subspecies of brasiliensis: Kempf, 1972a: 50.

#colombicus. Camponotus planatus var. colombicus Forel, 1899c: 141 (w.q.) COLOMBIA. Combination in C. (Myrmobrachys): Emery, 1925b: 164. Race of planatus: Forel, 1902b: 171. #coloratus. Camponotus melanoticus var. colorata Forel, 1904c: 4 9 (s.w.q.) COLOMBIA. Combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Bruch, 1 9 1 4 : 2 2 9 ; i n C. (Tan­ aemyrmex), and variety of substitutus: Emery, 1925b: 83.

cluis. Camponotus maculatus subsp. atramentarius var. cluis Forel, 1909b: 67 (w.) ANGOLA. Unavailable name; material referred to maculatus by Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 2 : 1 2 5 .

#comoedus. Camponotus (Manniella) linnaei subsp. comoedus Wheeler, W.M. 1934g: 2 1 3 (s.w.) MEXICO. Combination in C. (Myrmeurynota): Kempf, 1972a: 49.

cluisoides. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus var. cluisoidesForel, 1913h: 3 5 4 (s.w.) KENYA. Combina­ tion in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 87. Junior synonym of maculatus: Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 2 : 1 2 5 .

#comorensis. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) grandidieri var. comorensis Santschi, 1915c: 2 7 4 (s.w.) COMORO IS.

clypeatus. Camponotus dypeatus Mayr, 1866a: 4 8 7 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in C. (Camponotus): Forel, 1914a: 266; in C. (Myrmopelta): Santschi, 1921f: 311; inC. (Myrmaphaenus): Emery, 1925b: 155. cnemidatus. Camponotus marginatus subsp. discolor var. cnemidatus Emery, 1893i: 678 (w.) U.S.A.-Unavail­ able name; material referred to caryae by Smith, M.R. 1940b: 139. cocosensis. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) cocosensis Wheeler. W.M. 1919d: 305 (s.w.) COCOSIS. Wheeler, W.M. 1933a: 61 (q.m.). Combination in C. (Myrmaphaenus): Emery, 1925b: 155. cognata. Formica cognata Smith, F. 1858b: 35 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Mayr, 1862: 655 (q.m.). Combina­ tion in Camponotus: Mayr, 1862: 655; in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 88. Subspecies of sylvaticus: Forel, 1879a: 65; of rubripes: Forel, 1886f: 143; of maculatus: Mayr, 1862: 655; Emery, 1891b: 19; Emery, 1920c: 5; Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 953; Arnold, 1922: 6 3 1 . Junior s y n o n y m of maculatus: Roger, 1863b: 2; Baroni Urbani, 1 9 7 2 : 1 2 5 . cognatocompressus. Camponotus maculatus r. cognatocompressus Forel, 1904b: 3 7 9 (w.q.m.) "AFRICA" (no locality). [Date of publication (31) .iii. 1904.] [First available use of Camponotus rubripes r. cognatus var. cognatocompressus Forel, 1886f: 151; unavailable name.] Senior synonym of xerxes: Karavaiev, 1910b: 9 (xerxes given as senior, but cognatocompressus has priority). Raised to species (under the name of xerxes): Pisarski, 1 9 6 7 : 4 1 4 . cognatodichrous. Camponotus maculatus var. cognatodichrous Forel, 1904c: 13. Nomen nudum. cognatomaculatodichrous. Camponotus rubripes r. cognatus var. cognatomaculatodichrousForel, 1 8 8 9 : 2 5 5 . Unavailable name. cognatomaculatus. Camponotus rubripes r. cognatus var. cognatomaculatus Forel, 1 8 8 9 : 2 5 5 . Unavailable name. cognatooasium. Camponotus maculatus r. oasium var. cognatooasium Forel, 1902a: 158 (w.) ALGERIA. Unavailable name. cognatopilicomis. Camponotus rubripes r. cognatus var. cognatopilicomis Forel, 1 8 8 9 : 2 6 2 . Unavailable name. collegianus. Camponotus (Myrmocladoecus) tripartitus var. collegianus Santschi, 1929d: 315 (w.) BRAZIL. Provi­ sional junior synonym of tripartitus: Kempf, 1968b: 404.

#comottoi. Camponotus sylvaticus r. comottoi Emery, 1887a: 213 (w.q.) BURMA. Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 96. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 5 . Subspecies of mitis: Bingham, 1903: 356; of variegatus: Emery, 1925b: 96. *compactus. *Camponotus compactus Forster, 1 8 9 1 : 4 3 1 , pi. 13, fig. 5 (q.) GERMANY (Oligocene). #completus. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) rhamses var. completus Santschi, 1930a: 76 (w.) ETHIOPIA. compositor. Camponotus (Neomyrmamblys) compositor Santschi, 1922c: 111 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Combination in C. (Myrmaphaenus):Emery, 1925b: 155. compressiscapus. Camponotus compressiscapus Andre, 1 8 8 9 : 2 1 8 (w.) SIERRA LEONE. Combination in C. (Myrmosericus): Forel, 1914a: 268; in C. (Myrmotrema): Santschi, 1915c: 2 7 1 . compressus. Formica compressa Fabricius, 1787: 307 (w.) INDIA. Smith, F. 1858b: 14 (q.m.); Kumbkarni, 1965: 305 (k.). Combination i n Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 2; i n C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 98; in C. (Myrmoturba): Santschi, 1929g: 165. Race of rubripes: Forel, 1886f: 143. Subspecies of maculatus: Emery, 1895k: 473; Emery, 1896d: 371; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 108. Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 5 ; Bingham, 1903: 351; Emery, 1920c: 6; Emery, 1925b: 98; Santschi, 1929g: 165; Santschi 1936c: 207. Senior s y n o n y m of indefessa: Jerdon, 1 8 5 1 : 1 1 9 ; of quadrilaterus: Forel, 1892j: 240; of callida: Emery, 1925b: 98. Current subspecies: nomi­ nal plus brullei, cosensis, irakensis, martensi, nitens (unresolved junior h o m o n y m ) , octipitalis, probativus, pupillus, rectinotus, symiensis. #comptus. Camponotus (Myrmosericus) vestitus var. comptus Santschi, 1926b: 2 5 9 (q.) IVORY COAST. Santschi, 1930a: 76 (m.). conakryensis. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus var. conakryensis Emery, 1920c: 13 (s.w.) GUINEA. Junior s y n o n y m of maculatus: Baroni Urbani, 1972: 125. concava. Camponotus aethiops var. concava Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 1 (s.w.) GREECE. [First available use of Camponotus rubripes r. aethiops var. concavus Forel, 1889:263; unavailable name.] Finzi, 1930d: 317 (q.); Menozzi, 1936d: 301 (1.). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 97. Subspecies of aethiops: Amol'di, 1967:1829; Pisarski, 1970: 322. Junior synonym of aethiops: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 58.

#condlians. Camponotus (Myrmomalis) korthalsiae st. condliansForel, 1915a: 37 (w.q.) SUMATRA. Combina­ tion in C. (Myrmoplatys), and senior synonym of jacobsoni: Emery, 1925b: 136. concolor. Camponotus concolor Forel, 1891b: 214, pi. 6, fig. 12 (s.w.) MADAGASCAR. Senior synonym of gallienii (unnecessary replacement name); n e w synonymy. #concolor. Camponotus alii var. concolor Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 1 (s.w.) ALGERIA. [First available use of Camponotus rubripes r. alii var. concolor Forel, 1890a: lxiii; unavailable name.] Emery, 1891b: 19 (q.). Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 9 1 . Variety of alii: Cagniant, 1964: 90. [Unresolved junior primary h o m o n y m of concolor Forel, above.] #concordius. Camponotus (Myrmotrema) olivieri st. Concor­ dia Santschi, 1915c: 272 (s.w.) ANGOLA. confellah. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) compressus st. sanctusvar. confellah Santschi, 1939d: 83 (s.w.q.) SYRIA. Unavailable name. confluens. Camponotus (Myrmamblys) confluens Forel, 1913b: 342 (s.w.) ZAIRE. Combination in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1925b: 141; in C. (Myrmotrema): Emery, 1920b: 258; Santschi, 1926c: 599. Current subspecies: nominal plus bequaerti, trematogaster. confucii. Camponotus cenfutii Forel, 1894c: 396 (s.w.) INDIA. Combination in C. (Myrmosphincta): Forel, 1914a: 273; in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Emery, 1920b: 257; in C. (Myrmentoma): Emery, 1925b: 119. #confusus. Camponotus dorycus r. confusus Emery, 1887a: 215 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 90. Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 2 2 6 . Subspecies of dorycus: Emery, 1925b: 90; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 113. congolensis. Camponotus maculatus subsp. congolensis Emery, 1899e: 499, fig. (s.w.q.) ZAIRE. Santschi, 1910c: 393 (q.); Forel, 1913b: 340 (m.). Combina­ tion in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1913b: 340; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 99. Subspecies of maculatus: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 646; Arnold, 1 9 2 2 : 2 3 5 . Raised to species: Emery, 1920c: 6; Emery, 1925b: 99. Current subspecies: nominal plus weissi. coniceps. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) coniceps Santschi, 1926b: 258 (s.) CONGO. amicus. Colobopsis arnica Mayr, 1876: 67 (w.) TONGA IS. Combination in Camponotus: Valla Torre, 1893: 226; in C. (Myrmotemnus): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Colobopsis): Forel, 1914a: 272; Emery, 1925b: 148. conithorox. Camponotus (Colobopsis) conithorax Emery, 1914f: 430, pi. 13, fig. 18 (w.q.m.) VANUATU. Com­ bination in C. (Myrmotemnus): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Colobopsis): Emery, 1925b: 148. conradti. Camponotus conradtiForel, 1914d:256 (s.w.) CAMEROUN. Combination in C. (Myrmepomis): Emery, 1920b: 258; in C. (Myrmopiromis): Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 985; in C. (Myrmamblys): Emery, 1925b: 142; in C. (Myrmacrhaphe): Santschi, 1926c: 607. Current subspecies: norninal plus fimbriatipes. consanguineus. Formica consanguinea Smith, F. 1861b: 36 (w.) SULAWESI. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 4; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Donisthorpe, 1932c: 465.

Species-Group Taxa

93

CAMPONOTUS

(continued)

consectator. Formica consectator Smith, F. 1858b: 38 (q.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 4; current subgeneric placement in C. (Tan­ aemyrmex). consensu Camponotus compressus subsp. sancta var. con­ sent Finzi, 1928c: 7 9 1 . Unavailable name. consobrinus. Formica consobrina Erichson, 1 8 4 2 : 2 5 8 (q.) AUSTRALIA. Smith, F. 1858b: 41 (w.); Imai, Crozier & Taylor, 1977: 346 (k.). Combinationin Camponotus:Roger, 1863b: 4; in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Wheeler, W.M. 1933b: 2 2 . Senior synonym of dimidiatus: Wheeler, W.M. 1933b: 23; Clark, 1934c: 70. Current subspecies: nominal plus perthianus. conspicuus. Formica conspicua Smith, F. 1858b: 48 (q.) JAMAICA. Wheeler, W.M. 1917g: 4 6 2 1955b:

cloosae. Eciton (Acamatus).cloosqt'forel,

(m.) BOLIVIA. Combination in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier,

Forel, 1907e: 2 (m.) PARAGUAY. Junior synonym

1893: 5; Emery, 1910b: 25; of mexicanus: Mayr, clavifemur. Neivamyrmex clayifemur Borgmeier, 19 53:

exagona. Eciton (Acamatus) emeryi var. exagona Santschi,

526. diana. Eciton (Acamatus) dianai ForeL. 1912g: 31 (w.)

filicorne. Eciton (Acamatus) filicome Santschi, 1916e: 369 (m.) ARGENTINA. Subspecies of halidaii: Santschi, I921g: 9 3 . Junior s y n o n y m of jerrmanni: Borgme­ ier, 1953: 14, fonscolombii. Labidus fonscolombii Westwood, 1842: 76 (m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Eciton: Dalla Torre, 1893: 2 ; i n E . (Acamatus):Emery,

1900a: 187;in

Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 11. Junior synonym

BRAZIL, Borgmeier; 1933d: 161 (m.); Borgmeier,

of pertii:Forel,

1 9 3 9 : 4 1 0 (q,). Combination in Neivamyrmex::

as subspedes of pertii, and senior s y n o n y m olstrobeti

191 l e : 250, Revivedfrom synonymy

(and its junior synonym «i'feJM):Borgmeier, 1953: 11. Junior synonym of pertii: Borgmeier, 1955b: 303. foveolatus. Neivamyrmex foveolatus Borgmeier, 1953: 41, fig. 2 2 ( m . ) PANAMA. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b:629. frontalis. Eciton (Labidus) frontalis Menozzi, 1924a: 30 (m.) tfRAZTL. Junior synonym of halidaii: Borgme­ ier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 2 . fumosus. Eciton (Acamatus) mimts var. fumosa Forel, 19131:211 (m.) GUATEMALA. Combination in Neivamyrmex:Borgmeier, 1953: 8. Raised to specieS: Borgmeier, 1955b: 625. fuscipennis. Eciton (Neivamyrmex) fuscipennis Smith, M.R. 1942c: 578 (m.) U.S.A. [Acamatus fuscipennis Wheeler, W M . 1908e: 4 1 7 . Nomen nudum; attributed to Cresson.] Combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 8 . See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 642; Watkins, 1975d: 85; Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 3 0 . garbei. Eciton (Acamatus) pseudops r.gdrbeiEorel 1912c: 4 7 (w.) BRAZIL. Borgmeier, 1923: 4 8 (q.). Junior s y n o n y m o f pseudops: Borgmeier, 1953: 9. genalis. Neivamyrmex genalis Borgmeier, 1953: 34, fig. 9 (rh.) BOLIVIA. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 6 1 3 . gibbatus. Neivamyrmex gibbatus Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 4 5 , fig. 30 (w.q.) COSTA RICA. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 347. goeldii. Ecitbn (Acamatus) goeldiiFarel 1901 f: 352 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in E. '(Neivamyrmex): Borgme­ ier, 1948b: 4 6 2 ; i n •Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 19 5'5b: 396.

hdlidayiby Dalla Torre, 1893: 3, and subsequent authors.] harrisii. Labidus harrissitHaldeman, 1852: 367, pi. 9, figs. 4 - 6 (m.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. 8-Wheeler, J. 1 9 8 4 : 2 7 3 (1.). Combination in Eciton (Labidus): Mayr, 1886d: 441; i n E . (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in E. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 572; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1955b: 522. Senior syn­ o n y m of wheeleri (and its junior Synonym dubia): Watkins, 1 9 6 8 : 2 7 5 . See also: Forbes & Do-VanQuy, 1965: 95. haskinsi. Eciton (Neivamyrmex) angustinode subsp. haskinsi Weber, 1943b: 68, fig. 1 (w.) TRINTCDAD. Junior synonym of emersoni: Borgmeier, 1955b: 555. hetschkoi. Eciton hetschkoi Mayr, 1886a: 33 (w.m.) BRAZIL. Bruch, 1934b: 128 (q.). Combmation in E. (Labidus): Mayr, 1886d: 441; in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1894c: 184 (in key); in Neivamyrmex: BOrgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 1 .Senior syhonym of taunayi: Borgmeier, 1953:472; of ogloblini and silvestrii: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 7 2 . hopei. Labidus hopei Shuckard, 1840b: 2 5 8 (m.) BRA­ ZIL. Combination in Eciton (Labidus): Mayr, 1886d: 4 4 1 ; in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex:Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 4 . See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: '573. hospes. Eciton latiscapum subsp. hospes Emery, 1906c: 111 (m.) ARGENTINA. Junior synonym of spegazzinii: Gallardo, 1920: 357; of spinolae: Borgme­ ier, 1953:7.

jgracieUae. Ecitongracellae Mann, 1926: 97 (w.) MEX­ ICO. Watkins 8 Coody, 1 9 8 6 : 2 5 7 (q.j. Combina­ tion in Neivamyrmex, and spelling'emended to graciellae:Borgmeier, 1953:I'O (see also note in Borgmeier, 1955b: 389).

humilis. Eciton (Acamatus) humile BOrgmeier, 1939: 415 (w.) COSTA RICA. Borgmeier, 1948a: 194 (q.m.). Combination in E. (Neivamyrmex): Borgme­ ier, 1948a: 194; in Neivamyrmex:Borgmeier, 1953: 5. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 0 1 .

gracilis. Neivamyrmex gracilis Borgrneier, 1955b: 590, pi. 51, figs. 3, 9, 2 1 ; pi. 75, fig. 2 (m.) BRAZIL. gradualis. NeivamyrmexgradualisBorgmeier, 1953:46, "•"fig. 32 (w.) BRAZIL. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 345.

ierense. Eciton (Acamatus) ierense Weber, 1938a: 2 0 7 (w.) TRINIDAD. Junior synonym of spinolae: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 0 9 .

grandipseudops. Eciton (Acamatus) pseudops r. grandipseudopsForel, 1915c: 353 (w.) ARGENTINA. Bruch, 1928: 352 (q.). Junior synonym of pteudops: Borgmeier, 1 9 3 6 : 6 4 .

iheringi. Eciton iheringiFore), 1908c: 347'(in.) BRA­ ZIL. Combination in Neivamyrmex:'BOrgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : •8. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 6 2 3 . [Name mis­ spelled as jheringi by Borgmeier, 19 5 5b: '62 3, arid most previous authdrs.]

gravenhdrstii. Ldbidus.gravenhorsni'Westwood, 1842:76 (m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Eciton: Dalla Torre, 1893: 3 ; i n E . (Acamatus): Ernery, 1900a: T87. Junior synonym of halidaii: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 8 .

illigeri. Labidusilligeri Shuckard, 1840d: 397 '(in.) BRA­ ZIL. Combination i n Eaton: Dalla Torre, 1893:4; in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; i n E . (Neivamyrmex): Borgmeier, 1948b: 4 6 2 . Junior syn­ onym of pertii: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 2 .

guerinii. Labidus guerinii Shuckard, 1840d: 397 (m.) BRAZIL. Combmatidri i n Eciton:DaHa Torre, 1893: 3; i n E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 186; in Neivamyrmex:Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 4 . See-also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 587.

imbellis. Eciton klugi var. imbellisEmery, T900a: 181 (in.) PERU. CbrnbiriatiohmE. (Acamatus):^mery, 19b6a: 187; in Neivamyrmex, arid raised to species: Borgmeier, 1953: 7. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 601.

guyanensis. Eciton (Acamatus) latiscapum var. guyanensis Santschi, 1916e: 3 6 9 (m.) FRENCH GUIANA. Com­ bination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 3 . Raised to species: Borgmeier, 19'55b: 580. Senior synonym of nocua: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 4 .

impudens. Eciton (Acamatus) impudens Mann, 1 9 2 2 : 1 9 , fig. 9 (w.) HONDURAS. Combination in Neivamyrmex:Borgrriefer, 1 9 5 3 : 1 0 . See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 3 8 1 .

halidaii. Labidus halidaii Shuckard, 1840a: 2 0 0 (m.) BRAZIL. Combination in -Eaton: iFdtel 1895b: 119; inE. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier. 195 3': 13. Senior synonym oi frontalis and gravenhdrstii: Borgmeier, 1953:12, 18, respectively; of amplipennis, colombiandiembulti: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 3 7 . {Name misspelled as

inca. Eciton (Acamatus) inca Santschi, 1 9 2 l g : 93 >(m.) PERU. Combination i n Neivamyrmex: BOrgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 3 . See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 325. inflatus. Neivamyrmex inflatus Borgmeier, 1958: 205, figs. 6 - 8 (in.) MEXICO. iridescens. Neivamyrmex iridescens BOrgmeier, 1950c: 623. figs. 1-5 (w.) GUIANA. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 540.

jerrmanni. EdionjerrmanniFortX 1901h: 4 8 (m.) PARAGUAY. C Ombiriation in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1910b: 26; in NeiVarnyrmex: Borgrneier, 1 9 5 3 : 8 . Senior syrioriyrh Of luederwaldti: Borgmeier, 1933d: 167; offilicome: Borgmeier, 1953: 14. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 320. klugii. Labidus klugii Shuckard, 1840b: 2 6 0 (m.) ANTILLES IS. Combination in Eaton: Dalla Torre, 1893:4; InE. (Labidus): Forel 1593$: 369; in Neivamyrmex:Borgmeier, 1953: 6. Current subspe­ cies; nominal plus distans. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 598. kuertii. Woitkowskia kuertiiEnzmann, E.V. 1 9 5 2 : 4 4 6 , figs. 1,2, 5 (m.) PERU. Combiriktion i n Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 5 9 (species inquirendae). laevigatus. Eaton (Neivamyrmex) laevtgatumBorgmeier, 1948b: 4 6 0 , figs. 1-4 (w.) ARGENTINA. Combina­ tion in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 5. See also: Borgrneier, 1955b: 399. latiscapus. Eaton'latiscapumEmery, 190I'd: 54, fig. 7 (m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953:6. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 578. latreillii. Labidus latreiilii Ferty; 1833:138,'pl:27, fig. 11 (m.) BRAZIL. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of Labidus latreillii:' Jurine, 1 8 0 7 : 2 8 3 . ] Replacement name: per­ tii Shuckard, 1840b: 2 6 2 . legiohis. Eaton legionis Smith, F. 1855c: 164 (w.) BRA­ ZIL. Emery, 1900a: 521 ( m ) ; Reichensperger, 1930: 321 (q.);Borgmeier, 1 9 3 0 : 2 2 (q.). Combination in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1894c: 183 (in key); in Neivamyrmex:Borgmeier, 1953: 10. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 329. lemoulti. Eaton (Acamatus) lemoulti Saritschi, 1912e: 524 (m.) FRENCH GUIANA. Cbmbinatiori in Neivamyrmex, and race of «a/irfaif:Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 14. Junior synonym of halidaii: Borgmeier, 1955b: 437. leonardi. Eaton (Acamatus) leonardi Wheeler, WM. 1915b: 392 (w.) U.S.A. Combination in f. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 570; i n Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 0 . Senior synonym Of peninsulare: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 3 1 . leptognathus. Eciton leptognathum Erriery, 1900a: 182, tig. 15 '(m.) BOLIVIA. Combination in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 6. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 354. HeSelae. Eaton (Acamatus) UeselaeForel, 19131: 2 0 9 (m.) ARGEJ>rriNA.Combmatib'hin Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 8. See also: Borgmeier. 1955b: 584. longiscapus. Neivamyrmex longiscapus Borgmeier, 1953: 27, figs. 4, 25, 26 (m.) COSTA RICA. See alSb: Borgmeier, 1955b: 3 8 3 . luederwaldti. Eaton \Acdmatus) luederwaldtiEmery, 191 l a : 2 2 0 (rh.) BRAZIL. Juruorsyrionymof jerrmarini:1i6tgrti&er, l'933d: T67. macrodentatus. Eaton (Acamatus) macrodentatus Menozzi, 1931b: 260. fig. 1 (w.) COSTA RICA. Com­ bination iriNeivdmyrmex.-Bdrgrheier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 1 . Material 'of the nbtheh nudum tristani referred 'here by Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 1 4 .

Species-Group Taxa

289

NIEVAMYRMEX

(continued)

macropterus. Neivamyrmex macropterus Borgmeier, 1953:40, figs. 1 4 , 1 6 (m.) MEXICO. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 645. ^mandibularis. Eciton (Neivamyrmex) pilosum subsp. mandibulare Smith, M.R. 1942c: 548, pi. 3, fig. 14 (m.) U.S.A. Combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgme­ ier, 1955b: 375. manni. Eciton (Acamatus) manni Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 41 (w.) MEXICO. Combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953:18. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 519.

militarium. Eciton (Labidus) spininode st. militarium Santschi, 1929f: 84, fig. 1 (w.) PANAMA. Junior synonym of mexicanus: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 4 . minensis. Eciton (Acamatus) balzanii subsp. minenses Borgmeier, 1928b: 58 (w.) BRAZIL. Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 1 0 (q.). Combination in Neivamyrmex, and spelling emended to minensis: Borgmeier, 1953: 5. Subspecies of balzani: Borgmeier, 1953: 5. Raised to species: Borgmeier, 1939:410; Borgmeier, 1955b: 537.

ARGENTINA. Bruch, 1934b: 129 (q.). Combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 13. Junior syn­ onym of hetschkoi: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 7 2 . opacithorax. Eciton (Acamatus) califomicum subsp. opacithoraxEmery, 1894c: 184 (diagnosis in key) (w.) U.S.A- Wheeler, W.M. & Long, 1901: 163, 173 (m.q„ respectively); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 273 (1.). Combination in E. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 55 5; in Neivamyrmex: Borgme­ ier, 1953: 5. Raisedto species: Emery, 1900a: 186. Senior synonym of castaneum: Borgmeier, 1955b: 502. See also: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1332; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1990a: 4 6 1 .

marginatum. Eciton (Acamatus) marginatum Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 1 4 (w.) COSTARICA. Combination in E. (Neivamyrmex): Borgmeier, 1948a: 198. Junior syn­ o n y m of adnepos: Borgmeier, 1953: 5.

minor. Labidus minor Cresson, 1872: 195 (m.) U.S.A. Combination in Eciton (Labidus): Mayr, 1886d: 441; in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; i n E . (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 574; in Neivamyrmex:Borgmeier, 1953: 8. [Misspelled as minusby Dalla Torre, 1893:4.] See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 630.

maxillosus. Eciton maxillosum Emery, 1900a: 181, figs. 13, 14 (m.) BRAZIL. Combination in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 6. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 350.

modestus. Eciton (Acamatus) modestum Borgmeier, 1933d: 165 (w.) BRAZIL. Combinationin Neivamyrmex:Borgmeier, 1953: 5. See also: Borgme­ ier, 1955b: 552.

oslari. Eciton (Acamatus) oslari Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 415, pi. 26, fig. 8 (m.) U.S.A. Combination in E. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 579. Junior syn­ o n y m of andrei: Borgmeier, 1953:19.

megathrix. Neivamyrmex megathrix Kempt figs. 1-3 (w.) SURINAM.

modificata. Eciton (Acamatus) richteri var. modificata Fore! 19131: 212 (m.) ARGENTINA. Variety of sul­ catus: Santschi, 1916e: 368. Junior synonym of sul­ catus: Borgmeier, 1953: 9

pacificus. Neivamyrmexpacificus Borgmeier, 1955b: 536 (w.) PERU.

1961b: 486,

melanocephalus. Eciton melanocephalum Emery, 1895c: 260 (footnote) (w.) MEXICO. Combination in E. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 549; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 6. Senior synonym of xipe: Smith, M.R. 1942c: 549; Borgmeier, 1953: 19. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 385. melshaemeri. Labidus melshaemeri Haldeman, 1852: 368, pi. 9, figs. 7-9 (m.) U.S.A. Combinationin Eciton (Labidus): Mayr, 1886d: 442; i n £ . (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; i n E . (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 576; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 8. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 647. mesognathum. Eciton (Acamatus) leptognathum var. mesognathum Santschi, 1920d: 368, fig. 5 (m.) FRENCH GUIANA. Combinationin Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 13. Junior synonym of falcifer: Borgmeier, 1955b: 357. #mexicanus. Labidus mexicanus Smith, F. 1859b: 7 (m.) MEXICO. Forel, 1899c: 27 (w.); Reichensperger, 1939:297 (q.). Combination in Eciton: Dalla Torre, 1893:4; inE. (Labidus): Emery, 1895c: 260; inE. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in E. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 544; in Neivamyrmex: Borgme­ ier, 1953: 8. Variety of pilosus: Borgmeier, 1936: 59. Junior synonym of pilosus: Smith, M.R. 1942c: 544. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of pilosus: Borgmeier, 1953: 14; Borgmeier, 1955b: 3 6 1 . Senior synonym of clavicomis: Mayr, 1886b: 120; of subsulcatum: Dalla Torre, 1893: 4; of aztecum: Borgmeier, 1936: 60; of milttarium: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 4 . See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 361. mexicana. Woitkowskia mexicana Enzmann, E.V. 1952: 445, figs. 3, 8 (m.) MEXICO. [Unresolved junior sec­ ondary h o m o n y m of mexicanus Smith, above.] Com­ bination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1955b: 459 (species inquirendae). micans. Neivamyrmex micans Borgmeier, 1953: 32, figs. 10, 12, 23 (m.) BRAZIL. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 470. microps. Neivamyrmex miaops Borgmeier, 1955b: 635, pi. 56, figs. 6, 10; pi. 80, fig. 4 (m.) U.S.A.

290

Species-Group Taxa

mojave. Eciton (Acamatus) mojave Smith, M.R. 1943e: 196, fig. 1 (m.) U.S.A. Combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1955b: 633. moseri. Neivamyrmexmoseri Watkins, 1969: 529, figs. 1-4 (w.) U.S.A. Watkins, 1971: 96 (q.). nigrescens. Labidus nigrescens Cresson, 1872: 194 (m.) U.S.A. Wheeler, W.M. 1900a: 563 (q.); Smith, M.R. 1942c: 551 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 273 (1.). Combination in Eciton: Valla Torre, 1893: 5; i n E . (Labidus):Emery, 1895c: 261; i n £ . (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; i n £ . (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 550; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 9 4 . Senior synonym of schmitti: Smith, M.R. 1938b: 160; Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 9 4 . See also: Watkins, 1972: 358; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1331; Petralia & Vinson, 1980: 378. nitens. Eciton nitens Mayr, 1868b: 168 (w.) ARGEN­ TINA. Combination in £. (Acamatus): Emery, 1894c: 181 (in text). Junior synonym of spinolae: Emery, 1900a: 522; of strobeli: Bruch, 1916: 294. nocua. Eciton (Acamatus) latiscapum var. nocua Santschi, 1921g: 94 (m.) FRENCH GUIANA. Junior synonym of guyanensis: Borgmeier, 1953: 14. nordenskioldii. Leptanilla nordenskioldii Holmgren, 1908: 347 (w.) PERU. Combination in Eciton (Acamatus): Emery, 1910b: 25; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953:10. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 314. nyensis. Neivamyrmex nyensis Watkins, 1977b: 4 2 1 , figs. 1-4 (w.) U . S A . obscurum. Eciton spinolae subsp. obscurum Forel, 19 l i e : 250 (m.) ARGENTINA. Junior s y n o n y m of spegazzinii: Santschi, 1916e: 368. obscura. Eciton (Acamatus) califomicum var. obscura Forel, 1914d: 265 (w.) U . S A . [Unresolvedjunior primary h o m o n y m of obscurum Forel, above.] Junior synonym of califomicus: Borgmeier, 1955b: 517. ogloblini. Eciton (Acamatus) hetschkoi var. ogloblini Santschi, 1934c: 25, pi. 3, figs. 2, 11, 15 (w.)

orthonotus. Eciton (Acamatus) orthonotum Borgmeier, 1933d: 165 (w.) BRAZIL. Combinationin Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 5. See also: Borgme­ ier, 1955b: 565.

paraense. Eciton (Acamatus) paraense Forel, 1912c: 45 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of planidorsus: Borgmeier, 1953: 9. pauxillus. Eciton (Acamatus) pauxillum Wheeler, W.M. 1903b: 93, fig. 1 (w.) U.S.A. Watkins, 1971: 99 (q.). Combination in E. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 569; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 19. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 570. peninsulare. Eciton (Acamatus) peninsulare Mann, 1926: 98 (w.) MEXICO. Combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 0 . Junior synonym of leonardi: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 3 1 . perplexus. Neivamyrmex perplexus Borgmeier, 1953: 36 (m.) BRAZIL. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 616. pertii. Labidus pertii Shuckard, 1840b: 2 6 2 . Replace­ ment name for latreillii Perty, 1 8 3 3 : 1 3 8 . [Junior pri­ mary h o m o n y m of latreillii Jurine, 1807:283.] Combination in Eciton: Forel, 1895b: 1 2 0 ; i n £ . (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 15. Senior synonym of illigeri and fonscolombii (and its junior synonyms strobeli and nitens): Borgmeier, 1955b: 303. physognathus. Eciton leptognathus var. physognatha Emery, 1900a: 182, fig. 16 (m.) BOLIVIA. Combina­ tion i n £ . (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 6. Raised to species: Borgmeier, 1955b: 356. pilosus. Eciton pilosa Smith, F. 1858b: 151 (w.) BRA­ ZIL. Reichensperger, 1939: 297 (q.); Smith, M.R. 1942c: 544 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. 1943: 331 (1.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 273 (1.). Combi­ nation inE. (Acamatus): Emery, 1894c: 183 (inkey); inE. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 544; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 8. Senior synonym of angustius and porrectognathum: Borgmeier, 1955b: 361. Current subspecies: nominal plus beebei, mandibularis, mexicanus. piraticus. NeivamyrmexpiraticusBorgmeier, 1953: 37, figs. 13, 18 (m.) BRAZIL. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 6 2 1 .

planidens. Neivamyrmex planidens Borgmeier, 1953: 31, figs. 21, 28, 29 (m.) ECUADOR. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 603. planidorsus. Eciton planidorsum Emery, 1906c: 110 (w.) PARAGUAY. Combination i n f . (Acamatus): Emery, 1910b: 25; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953:6. Senior synonym of paranense: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 9 . See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 2 1 . porrectognathum. Eciton (Acamatus) porrectognathum Borgmeier, 1933d: 167 (m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Neivamyrmex, and subspecies of pilosus: Borgme­ ier, 1 9 5 3 : 5 . Junior synonym of pilosus: Borgmeier, 1955b: 361. postangustatus. Eaton (Acamatus) postangustatum Borgmeier, 1934: 94, fig. 1 (w.) SURINAM. Combi­ nation in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 5. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 560. postcarinatus. Neivamyrmex postcarinatus Borgmeier, 1953:43, figs. 34, 35 (w.) PANAMA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 272 (1.). See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 395. pseudops. Eciton pseudops Forel, 1909a: 2 5 4 (w.) PARAGUAY. Borgmeier, 1936: 64 (q.); Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 0 8 (m.). Combination in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1910b: 25; inE. (Neivamyrmex): Borgmeier, 1948b: 462; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 8. Senior synonym oigrandipseudops:Borgmeier, 1936: 64; of garbei: Borgmeier, 1953: 9. See also: Borgme­ ier, 1955b: 336. puerulus. Neivamyrmexpuerulus Borgmeier, 1955b: 591, pi. 56, fig. 9; pi. 75, fig. 4 (m.) PANAMA. pulchellus. Neivamyrmex pulchellus Borgmeier, 1955b: 595, pi. 56, fig. 7 (m.) PANAMA. pullus. Neivamyrmex pullus Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 4 2 , fig. 17 (m.) PANAMA. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 627. punctaticeps. Eciton (Acamatus) punctaticeps Emery, 1894c: 181 (w.) BRAZIL. Oldest junior synonym of, and hence first available replacement name for Labidus spinolae Westwood, 1 8 4 2 : 7 7 . [Juniorprimary h o m o n y m of Labidus spinolae Shuckard, 1840c: 327.] Combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgme­ ier, 1955b: 409. See under spinolae below for cur­ rent synonymy and other references. quadratooccipitus. Neivamyrmex quadratooccipitus Watkins, 1975c: 207, figs. 1-6 (m.) EL SALVADOR.

name Eciton raptor Smith, F. 1855c: 169. The last name is however an incorrect subsequent spelling, in the figure legends, of Eaton rapax Smith, F. 1855c: 163. As an incorrect subsequent spelling raptor Smith is unavailable, and therefore does not enter into homonymy.] rebellatum. Eciton (Acamatus) raptans var. rebellatum Santschi, 1934c: 25, pi. 3, figs. 4, 6, 10, 14, 19 (w.q.m.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 3 . Junior synonym of raptans: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 8 1 . richteri. Eciton (Acamatus) richteri Forel, 19131: 211 (m.) ARGENTINA. Junior synonym of sulcatus: Santschi, 1916e:368. romandii. Labidus romandii Shuckard, 1840b: 261 (m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Eciton: Forel, 1895b: 121; inE. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; i n E . (Labidus): Bruch, 1914: 215; i n £ . (Neivamyrmex): Borgmeier, 1948b: 463; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953:15. Senior synonym of desartsi: Borgmeier, 1953: 9. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 605. rosenbergi. Eciton (Acamatus) mexicanum subsp. rosebergiForel, 191 l e : 256 (m.) ECUADOR. Combi­ nation in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 8 . Raised to species: Wheeler, W.M. 1921d: 314; Borgmeier, 1953:9; Borgmeier, 1955b: 524.

strobeli. Labidus strobeli Mayr, 1868b: 166 (m.) ARGEN­ TINA. Bruch, 1916: 2 9 4 (w.); Bruch, 1921: 177 (q.l.). Combination in £. (Labidus): Mayr, 1886d: 441; in £ (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 1 8 7 ; i n £ . (Neivamyrmex): Borgmeier, 1948b: 4 6 2 . Senior syn­ o n y m of nitens: Bruch, 1 9 1 6 : 2 9 4 . Junior synonym of fonscolombii: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 1 . subsulcatum. Eciton (Labidus) subsulcatum Mayr, 1886d: 4 4 0 (m.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of mexicanus: Dalla Torre, 1893:4; Borgmeier, 1955b: 361. sulcatus. Labidus sulcatus Mayr, 1868b: 168 (m.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Eciton (Labidus): Mayr, 1 8 8 6 d : 4 4 1 ; i n E . (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 11. Senior synonym of richteri: Santschi, 1916e: 368; of modificata: Borgmeier, 1953: 9. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 610.

rugulosus. Neivamyrmex rugulosus Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 4 9 (w.) MEXICO. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 515.

sumichrasti. Eciton sumichrastiNorton, 1868a: 62, pi. 2, fig. 7 (w.) MEXICO. Mann, 1 9 2 6 : 9 9 (q.). Combi­ nation in £. (Acamatus): Emery, 1894c: 182 (in text); in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 9 1 .

schmitti. Eciton (Acamatus) schmitti Emery, 1894c: 183 (diagnosis in key) (w.) U.S.A. Emery, 1895c: 258 (w.); Wheeler, W M . & Long, 1901: 161 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. 1943: 331 (1.). Junior s y n o n y m of nigrescens: Smith, M.R. 1938b: 160; Borgmeier, 1955:494.

swaisonii. Labidus swainsonii Shuckard, 1840a: 201 (m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Eciton: Forel, 1895b: 121; i n £ . (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in £. (Neivamyrmex): Borgmeier, 1948b: 462; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 15. Senior s y n o n y m of arizonense: Borgmeier, 1955b: 454.

scutellaris. Neivamyrmex scutellaris Borgmeier, 1953: 28, fig. 6 (m.) PANAMA. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 3 5 2 .

taunayi. Eciton (Acamatus) taunayi Borgmeier, 1928b: 55, fig. 1 (m.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of hetschkoi: Borgmeier, 1953: 5.

shuckardi. Eciton shuckardi Emery, 1900a: 183 (m.) PARAGUAY. Combination in £. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 6. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 582.

tenuis. Neivamyrmex tenuis Borgmeier, 1953: 36 (m.) BRAZIL. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 6 1 5 .

silvestrii. Eciton silvestrii Emery, 1906c: 109 (w.) ARGENTINA. Combination in £. (Acamatus): Bruch, 1914:215; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953:6. Junior s y n o n y m of hetschkoi: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 7 2 .

radoszkowskii. Eciton radoszkowskii Emery, 1900a: 181, figs. 9, 10 (m.) PERU. Combination in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 6. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 593.

spatulatus. Eciton (Acamatus) spatulatum Borgmeier, 1939:417, fig. 2 (m.) COSTARICA. Combinationin Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 5. See also: Borgme­ ier, 1955b: 529.

raptans. Eciton raptansForel, 1911d: 395 (footnote). [Unnecessary replacement name for raptor Forel, see below.] Bruch, 1924a: 232 (q., see Bruch, 1925b: 125). Combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgme­ ier, 1953: 8. Variety of hetschkoi: Bruch, 1928: 350. Revived status as species: Santschi, 1934c: 25. Senior synonym of abstinens (unnecessary replace­ ment name): Forel, 19131:213; of rebellatum: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 8 1 . Junior s y n o n y m of raptor: n e w synonymy.

spegazzinii. Eciton spegazzinii Emery, 1 8 8 8 e : 6 9 1 (w.) ARGENTINA. Gallardo, 1915: 5 (m.). Combination in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1894c: 184 (inkey). Stirps of spinolae, and senior synonym of obscurum: Santschi, 1916e: 368. Junior synonym of dorbignii: Santschi, 1921g: 92; Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 6 1 .

raptor. Eciton (Acamatus) raptor Forel, 1911c: 289 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1955b: 4 8 1 . Senior synonym of raptans (and its junior synonyms abstinens and rebellatum): n e w s y n o n y m y . [The name raptans Forel was proposed as a replacement for raptor Forel because of the

9, 7, 7, respectively; of commutatum (and its junior synonym columbicum), and ierense: Borgmeier, 1955b: 409. spoliator. Eciton spoliator Forel, 1899c: 29 (m.) COSTA RICA. Combination in £. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 8 . See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 639.

spinolae. Labidus spinolae Westwood, 1 8 4 2 : 7 7 (m.) BRAZIL. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of Labidus spinolae Shuckard, 1840c: 327.] Replacement name: punctaticeps Emery, 1894c: 181. [Oldest junior syn­ o n y m of spinolae Westwood and hence first avail­ able replacement name.] Combination in Eciton: Forel, 1895b: 1 2 1 ; i n £ . (Acamatus):Emery, 1900a: 187; in £. (Labidus): Bruch, 1914: 215; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 7 . Senior s y n o n y m oi fiebrigi, hospes and punctaticeps: Borgmeier, 1953:

texanus. Neivamyrmex texanus Watkins, 1972: 353, figs. 2 - 4 , 11, 14, 17-19, 33, 34, 49, 61 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. 8- Wheeler, J. 1984: 273 (1.); Taber & Cokendolpher, 1988: 95 (k.). tristani. Eciton (Acamatus) tristaniBorgmeier, 1939:414 (w.) COSTA RICA. Nomen nudum: attributed to Emery. Material referred to macrodentatus by Borgmeier, 1 9 3 9 : 4 1 4 . tristis. Eciton spoliator r. triste Forel, 1901h: 48 (m.) MEXICO. Combination in Neivamyrmex, and raised to species: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 9 . See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 650. vicinus. Neivamyrmex vicinus Borgmeier, 1953: 35, fig. 2 4 (m.) BRAZIL. See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 608. walkerii. Labidus walkerii Westwood, 1842: 77 (m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Eciton: Forel, 1895b: 121; i n E . (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 7 . Senior synonym of connectens: Borgmeier, 1955b: 445. wheeleri. Eciton wheeleri Emery, 1901d: 55, fig. 8 (w.) U.SA. Smith, M.R. 1942c: 561 (q.). Combinationin £. (Acamatus): Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 412; in £. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 561; in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 6. Senior synonym of dubia: Smith, M.R. 1942c: 5 6 1 . Junior synonym

Species-Group Taxa

291

NIEVAMYRMEX

(continued)

of harrisii: Watkins, 1 9 6 8 : 2 7 5 . See also: Borgmeier, 1955b: 511. xipe. Eciton (Acamatus) melanocephalum subsp. xipe Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 41 (w.) MEXICO. Junior syn­ onym of melanocephalus: Smith, M.R. 1942c: 549; Borgmeier, 1953: 19. #NEMATOCREMA: see under

CREMATOGASTER.

NEOAMBLYOPONE: see under

AMBLYOPONE.

NEOATTA: see under ATTA. NEOCLYSTOPSENELLA: see under NEOCOLOBOPSIS: see under #NEOCREMA: see under

TAPINOMA.

CAMPONOTUS.

CREMATOGASTER.

NEOFORELIUS: see under FORELIUS. NEOFORMICA: see under FORMICA. NEOMYRMA: see under MANICA. NEOMYRMAMBLYS: see under NEOPHYRACACES: see under NEOPONERA: see under NEOSTRUMA

CAMPONOTUS. CERAPACHYS.

PACHYCONDYLA.

(Neotropical)

brevicornis. Strumigenys brevicornis Mann, 1922: 38 (w.q.) HONDURAS. Combination in Neostruma: Brown, 1948e: 111. See also: Brown, 1959b: 10. crassicornis. Strumigenys crassicornis Mayr, 1887: 577 (w.) BRAZIL. Brown, 1959b: 12 (q.). Combination in Neostruma: Brown, 1948e: 111. metopia. Neostruma metopia Brown, 1959b: 11, fig. 2 (q.) PANAMA. Kempf, 1975a: 4 1 7 (w.). mustelina. Strumigenys (Strumigenys) mustelina Weber, 1934a: 34, fig. 11 (q.) MEXICO. Brown, 1959b: 7 (w.m.). Combination in Neostruma: Brown, 1959b: 7 myllorhapha. Neostruma myllorhaphaBrown, 1959b: 12, fig. 4 (w.) COSTA RICA. zeteki. Neostruma zeteki Brown, 1959b: 10, figs. 1, 5 (w.q.) PANAMA. NESOLASIUS: see under

PSEUDOLASIUS.

NESOMYRMEX: see under

LEPTOTHORAX.

NIMBAMYRMA: see under

OLIGOMYRMEX.

NOMAMYRMEX (Neotropical, s. Nearctic) afflictus. Acanthostichus afflictus Gallardo, 1919a: 239, fig. 3 (m.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Eciton: Emery, 1920a: 60. Junior synonym of esenbeckii: Borgmeier, 1955b: 139. apicifer. Eciton (Labidus) apicifer Santschi, 1916e: 366, fig. (m.) PARAGUAY. Junior synonym of hartigii: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 4 . ^crassicornis. Eciton crassicornis Smith, R 1855c: 163, pi. 13, figs. 1, 2 (w.) BRAZIL. Borgmeier, 1958: 202 (q.). Combination in E. (Labidus): Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 324; in E. (Holopone): Santschi, 1925b: 12; in E. (Nomamyrmex): Borgmeier, 1936: 55; in Nomamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 6 . Subspecies of esenbeckii, senior synonym of hirsutipodex and intrepidum, and material of the unavailable name furiosum referred here: Borgmeier, 1955b: 139. See also: Watkins, 1977a: 205.

292

Species-Group Taxa

crudele. Eciton (Holopone) crassicorne subsp. crudele Santschi, 1929a: 4 1 4 , figs, c, g (w.) BOLIVIA. Junior synonym of esenbeckii: Borgmeier, 1955b: 139. esenbeckii. Labidus esenbeckii Westwood, 1842:75, pi. 20, fig. 4 (m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Eciton: Emery, 1890b: 39; in E. (Labidus): Santschi, 1920d: 364; i n f . (Holopone): Santschi, 1925b: 1 1 ; i n E . (Nomamyrmex): Borgmeier, 1936: 55; in Nomamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 4 . Senior synonym oifimbriatum, interrupta and terrificum: Borgmeier, 1953:14; of afflictus, crudele and indomabile: Borgme­ ier, 1955b: 139. Current subspedes: nominal plus crassicornis. mordax, wilsoni. See also: Borgmeier, 1958: 201; Watkins, 1977a: 204. fimbriatum. Eciton (Labidus) fimbriatum Santschi, 1920d: 363, figs. 1, 2 (m.) FRENCH GUIANA. Junior synonym of esenbeckii: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 4 . furiosum. Eciton (Holopone) crassicornis st. crudele var. furiosum Santschi, 1929f: 85 (w.) PANAMA. Unavail­ able name; material referred to crassicornis by Borgmeier, 1955b: 139. hansi. Eciton (Labidus) hartigir. hansi Forel, 1912c: 43 (m.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of hartigii: Borgme­ ier, 1 9 5 3 : 9 . hartigii. Labidus hartigii Westwood, 1 8 4 2 : 7 5 , pi. 20, fig. 3 (m.) BRAZIL. Combination in Eciton: Dalla Torre, 1893: 3; in E. (Labidus): Emery, 1910b: 23; in E. (Holopone): Santschi, 1925b: 11; in £. (Nomamyrmex): Borgmeier, 1936: 55; in Nomamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 8. Senior synonym of apicifer and hansi: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 4 , 9, respec­ tively; of schlechtendali:Borgmeier, 1955b: 155. See also: Watkins, 1977a: 204. hirsutipodex. Eciton (Labidus) esenbecki st. hirsutipodex Santschi, 1920d: 364, fig. 2 (m.) MEXICO. Junior synonym of crassicornis: Borgmeier, 1955b: 139. indomabile. Eciton (Holopone) crassicorne var. indomabile Santschi, 1930c: 82 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of esenbeckii: Borgmeier, 1955b: 139.

(Nomamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1951a: 779; in Nomamyrmex:Borgmeier,

1953: 13. See also:

Borgmeier, 1955b: 139; Watkins, 1977a: 205. NOONILLA

(Philippines)

copiosa. Noonilla copiosa Petersen, 1968: 585, figs. 6 10 (m.) PHILIPPINES. NOTHIDRIS (Neotropical) bicolor. Megalomyrmex bicolor Ettershank, 1965: 55, figs. 1-5 (w.l.) CHILE. Combination in Nothidris: Snelling, 1975: 3. See also: Kempf, 1970b: 359. cekalovici. Nothidris cekalovici Snelling, 1975: 3, figs. 3 4 (w.) CHILE. latastei. Monomorium latastei Emery, 1895i: 10 (w.) CHILE. Wheeler, G.C. 8- Wheeler, J. 1980: 533 (1.). Combination in M. (Notomyrmex): Emery, 1922e: 169; in Nothidris: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 0 6 . NOTHOMYRMECIA

(Australia)

macrops. Nothomyrmecia macrops Clark, 1934a: 19, fig. 1 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Taylor, 1978a: 979 (q.m.); Wheeler, G . C , Wheeler, J. & Taylor, 1980:131 (1.); Imai, Taylor, etal. 1991: 133 (k.). See also: Jaisson, Fresnau, etal. 1 9 9 2 : 4 2 5 ; Holldobler 8- Taylor, 1983: 382; Ward & Taylor, 1 9 8 1 : 1 7 7 . *NOTHOMYRMICA (Baltic Amber) Hntermedia. *Nothomyrmica intermedia Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 61, fig. 2 4 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). "petiolata. *Macromischa petiolata Mayr, 1868c: 85, pi. 4, figs. 83, 84 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). «embmation m*Nothomyrmica: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 62. *rudis. *Macromischa rudis Mayr, 1868c: 85, pi. 4, fig. 85 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). Combination in *Nothomyrmica:~Whee\er, W.M. 1915h: 60. *rugosostriata. *Macromischa rugosostriata Mayr, 1868c: 84, pi. 4, fig. 82 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). Combination in *Nothomyrmica: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h:61.

interrupta. Eciton fimbriatum var. interrupta Santschi, 1923c: 249 (m.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of esenbeckii: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 4 .

NOTHOSPHINCTUS: see under

intrepidum. Eciton (Holopone) crassicorne var. intrepidum Santschi, 1929a: 414, figs, b, f (w.) VENEZUELA. Junior synonym of crassicornis: Borgmeier, 1955b: 139.

NOTONCUS

#mordax. Eciton (Holopone) crassicorne subsp. mordax Santschi, 1929a: 415, figs, d, h (w.) MEXICO. Watkins, 1977a: 2 1 0 (m.). Combinationin Nomamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 3 . Junior synonym of wilsoni: Borgmeier, 1955b: 139. Revived from syn­ onymy as subspedes of esenbeckii: Watkins, 1977a: 205. schlechtendali. Eciton schlechtendali Mayr, 1887: 552 (w.) SOUTH AMERICA. Combination in E. (Labidus): Emery, 1910b: 23; in E. (Holopone): Santschi, 1925b: 11; in E. (Nomamyrmex): Borgmeier, 1936: 55; in Nomamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 1 . Junior synonym of hartigii: Borgmeier, 1955b: 155. terrificum. Eciton (Holopone) fimbriatum var. terrificum Santschi, 1930c: 82 (m.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of esenbeckii: Borgmeier, 1 9 5 3 : 1 4 . #wilsoni. Eciton (Labidus) esenbecki st. wilsoni Santschi, 1920d: 366 (m.) U.S.A. Combination in E.

NOTOMYRMEX: see under

SPHINCTOMYRMEX.

MONOMORIUM.

(Australia)

acuminata. Notoncus foreli var. acuminata Viehmeyer, 1925a: 37 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of ectatommoides: Brown, 1955d: 4 8 6 . annectens. Notoncus gilberti subsp. annectens Wheeler, W M . 1934d: 154 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior syn­ o n y m of gilberti: Brown, 1955d:490. capitatus. Notoncus capitatus Forel, 1915b: 90, pi. 1, fig. 8 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of enormis: Brown, 1955d: 4 8 9 . Revived from synonymy, and senior synonym of minor and mjobergi: Taylor, 1992a: 6 1 . dentata. Notoncus foreli var. dentata Forel, 1910b: 68 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of ectatommoides: Brown, 1955d: 4 8 6 . ectatommoides. Camponotus ectatommoides Forel, 1892c: 333 (q.) AUSTRALIA. Emery, 1895g: 353 (w.); Wheeler, G.C. &• Wheeler, J. 1 9 6 8 : 2 0 6 (1.); Imai, Crozier &• Taylor, 1977: 346 (k.). Combination in Notoncus: Emery, 1895g: 353. Senior synonym of acuminata, dentata, foreli, rodwayi and subdentata: Brown, 1955d:485.

enormis. Notoncus enormis Szabo, 1910a: 368, fig. 6 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1968:206 (1.). See also: Brown, 1955d:489. foreli. Notoncus foreli Andre, 1896b: 256 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Forel, 1915b: 90 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1968: 2 0 8 (1.). Junior synonym of ectatommoides: Brown, 1955d: 4 8 5 . gilberti. Notoncus gilberti Forel, 1895f: 4 1 8 (w.q.) AUS­ TRALIA. Senior synonym of annectens, gracilior and politus, and material of the unavailable name manni referred here: Brown, 1955d: 4 9 0 . gracilior. Notoncus gilberti var. gracilior Forel, 1907h: 299 (w.) AUSTRALIA, Junior synonym of gilberti: Brown, 1955d: 490. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1934d: 153, hickmani. Notoncus hickmani Clark, 1930a: 126,fig.1, no. 14 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Pro­ lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1935c: 71; in Notoncus, and senior synonym of rotundiceps: Brown, 1955d: 492, manni. Notoncus gilberti subsp. annectens var. manni Wheeler, WM- 1934d: 155 (w.) AUSTRALIA, Unavailable name (Taylor, 1986: 34), Material referred to gilberti by Brown, 19 5 5 d: 490. minor. Notoncus capitatus war. minor Viehmeyer, 1925b: 139 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA, Junior synonym of enormis: Brown, 1955d: 489; of capitate Taylor, 1992a: 6 1 . mjobergi. Notoncus. mjobergi Forel, 1915b: 91 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Junior synonym of enormis: Brown, 1955d: 489; of capitatus: Taylor, 1992a: 6 1 . politus. Notoncus politus Viehmeyer, 1925a: 38 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of gilberti: Brown, 1955(1:490. rodwayi. Notoncus rodwayiDonisthorpe, 1941j: 2 0 6 (q.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of ectatommoides: Brown, I955d: 4 8 6 . rotundiceps. Notoncus rotundiceps Clark, 1930a: 127, fig. 1, no. 15 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Pro­ lasius: Wheeler, W-M. 1935c: 71. Junior synonym of hickmani: Brown, 1955d:492. spiniscjuamis. Melophorus spinisquamis Andre, 1896b: 2 5 4 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1968:205 (1.). Combination in Diodontolepis: Wheeler, W.M- 1 9 2 0 : 5 3 ; in Notoncus: Brown, 1955d: 493, subdentata. Notoncus foreli var. subdentata ForeL 1910b: 6 8 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Viehmeyer, 1925a: 37 (q.m.). Junior synonym of ectatommoides: Brown, 195 5d: 486. NOTOSTIGMA

(Australia)

carazzii. Camponotus carazziiEmery, 1895g: 3 5 4 (w.) AUSTRALIA, Forel, 1915b: 104 (s.m.); Wheeler, G.C. 8-Wheeler, J. 1988: 355 (1.). Combination i n C. (Myrmosphincta):Forel, 1912i: 92; inNotostigma: Emery, 1920b: 2 5 3 . Senior synonym of poo'enzanai: Taylor, 1992a: 62. foreli. NotostigmaforeliP.ra.erY, 1 9 2 0 b ; 2 5 3 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. podenzanai. Camponotus podenzanai Emery, 1895g: 35.5 (w.m.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in C. (Myrmosphincta): Porel, 1914a: 273; i n Notostigma: Emery, 1920b: 25.4. Junior synonym of carazzii^:Tay­ lor, 1992a: 62, sanguinea Clark, 1930; see under CAMPONOTUS. NOVOMESSOR: see under APHAENOGASTER.

NYCTERESIA: see under LABIDUS. NYLANDERIA: see under PARATRECHINA. NYSTALOMYRMA: see under APHAENOGASTER. OCHETELLUS (Palaearctic, Oriental, Indo-Australian, Australasian) abbotti. Iridomyrmex itoi subsp. abbotti Wheeler, W.M. 1906c: 318, pi. 4 1 , fig. 3 (w.) JAPAN. Junior syn­ onym of itoi: Yano, 1910:420. #clarithorax. Iridomyrmex glaber var. clarithorax Forel, 1902h: 4 7 3 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Ochetellus: Shattuck, 1992a: 17. ttconsimilis. Iridomyrmex glaber var. consimilis Viehmeyer, 1914b: 529 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combi­ nation in Ochetellus: Shattuck, 1992a: 17. epinotalis. Iridomyrmex epinotalis Viehmeyer, 1914b: 530 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Ochetellus: Shattuck, 1992a: 17. flavipes. Hypoclinea flavipes Kirby, W.F. 1896:206 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Iridomyrmex: Clark, 1930b: 268; Clark, 1930c: 21; in Ochetellus: Shattuck, 1992a; 17. Senior synonym of rostrinotus: Clark, 1930b: 268; Clark, 1930c: 2 1 . glaber. Hypoclinea glabra Mayr, 1862: 705 (w.m.) AUS­ TRALIA-Mayr, 1876: 81 (q.); Crozier, 1969: 251 (k.); Wheeler, G.C. &• Wheeler, J. 1974b: 398 (1.). Combination in Iridomyrmex: Mayr, 1865: 61; in Ochetellus: Shattuck, 1992a: 17, See also; Brown, I958h'. 4 0 . Current subspecies: nominal plus clar­ ithorax, consimilis, sommeri. itoi. Iridomyrmex itoi Fore), 1900e; 2 6 9 (w,) JAPAN. Wheeler, W.M. 1928d: 116 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J, 1951: 185 (1.); Imai &- Ypsida, 1964: 6 4 (k.). Combination in Ochetellus: Shattuck, 1992a; 17. Senior synonym of abbotti: Yanp, 1910:420. janthina. Iridomyrmex glaber subsp. sommeri yar. janthina Emery, 19J4f: 4 2 0 (w.q.m-) NEW CALEDO­ NIA. Unavailable name (Taylor, 1986: 34). punctatissimus. Iridomyrmex punctatissimus Emery, 1887a: 251, pk 4, fig, 2 7 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J, 1966: 729 (1.). Combination in Ochetellus:Shattuck, 1992a: 17. rostrinotus.. Iridomyrmex rostrinotus Porel, 1910b: 53 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of flavipes: Clark, 1930b: 268; Clark, 1930c: 2 1 . #sommerL Iridomyrmex glaber var. sommeri Forel, 1902h: 4 7 3 (w.) NEW CALEDONIA. Combination in Ochetellus: Shattuck, 1992a: 17. See also: Emery, 19141:420.

sororis, Iridomyrmex sororis Mann,

1 9 2 1 : 4 6 9 ,fig,2 6 (w.q.m.) FIJI IS. Combination in Ochetellus: Shattuck, 1992a: 17.

vinsoni. Iridomyrmex vinsoni Donisthorpe,. 1946c: 781 (w.) MAURITIUS. Combinationin Ochetellus: Shattuck, 1992a: 17. OCHETOMYRMEX (Neotropical) argentinus.. Brownidris argentinus Kusnezov, 1957a: 276, pi. 4, figs. 1-13 (w.q.m.) ARGENTINA. Combi­ nation in Ochetomyrmex: Kempf, 1975c: 358. bolivianus. Brownidris bolivianus'Kusnezov, 1962b: 155, figs. 16, 26 (q.) BOLIVIA. Combination in Ochetomyrmex:Kempf, 1975c: 358. mayrL Ochetomyrmex mayri Forel, 1908c: 3 6 0 (w.) BRAZIL.

rugosus ForeL 1886; see under WASMANNIA. semipolitus. Ochetomyrmex semipolitus Mayr, 1878: 8 7 2 (w.) BRAZIL. subpolitus. Wasmannia subpolita Wheeler, W.M. 1916c: 8 (w.) GUIANA. Kempf, 1975c: 361 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1977: 595 (1.). Combi­ nation in Ochetomyrmex: Kempf, 1961b: 5 1 1 . tucumanus. Brownidris tucumanus Kusnezov, 1958b: 190. Nomen nudum. OCTELLA: see under SOLENOPSIS. OCTOSTRUMA (Neotropical) balzani. Rhopalothrix balzani Emery, 1894c: 217, pi. 1, fig. 10 (w.q.) BOLIVIA. Combination in Octostruma: Brown, 1949f: 9 2 . Senior synonym of barberi, equilatera and lutzi: Brown 8- Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 1 9 4 . barberi. Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) barberi Mann. 1922: 42 (w.) GUATEMALA. Combination in Octostruma: Brown, 1949f: 92. Junior synonym of balzani: Brown 8- Kempf, 1960:194. batesi Rhopalothrix batesi Emery, 1894c: 218, pL 1, fig. 11 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Octostruma: Brown, 1949f: 92. See also: Brown &• Kempf, 1960:201; Holldobler 8-Wilson, 1986:17. betschu Octostruma betschi Perrault, 1988b: 3 0 3 , 2 figs (w.q.) FRENCH GUIANA equilatera. Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) equilatera Weber, 1934a: 52, fig. 10 (w.) NICARAGUA. Combination in Octostruma: Brown, 1949f: 92. Junior synonym of balzani: Brown &• Kempf, 1960:194. godmani. Rhopalothrix godmani ForeL 1899c: 4 1 , pL 3, fig. 4 (q.) PANAMA. Combination in Octostruma: Brown, 1949f: 92. Junior synonym of iheringi: BrownS- Kempf, 1960:187. iheringi. Rhopalothrix iheringi Emery, 1888c: 361 (q.) BRAZIL, Combination in Octostruma: Brown, 1949f: 9 2 . Senior synonym of godmani, simoni, spei and wighti, and material of the unavailable name sulcata referred here; Brown 6- Kempf, 1960: 187. inca, Octostruma inca Brown 6- Kempf, 1960: 185, figs. 16, 29 (w.q.) PERU- Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1977: 6 0 0 (L). See also: Kempf, 1968b: 4 0 0 . lutzi. Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) lutzi Wheeler, W M . 1913d: 241 (w.q.) DOMINICA. Combination in Octostruma: Brown, I949f: 92, Junior synonym of oa/zani: Brown & Kempf, 1960: 194. petiolata.Rhopalothrix petiolata Mayr, 1887: 580 (q.) BRAZIL. Emery, 1894c: 217 (w.). Combination in Octostruma: Brown, l949f: 92. See also; Brown 8Kempf, 1960: 182. :

rugiferq. Rhopalothrix rugifer Mayr, 1887: 579 (w.) BRAZIL. Combination in Octostruma: Brown, 1949f: 92. Senior synonym of truncata: Brown &• Kempf, 1960: 199. rugiferoides. Octostruma rugiferoides Brown 8- Kempf, 1960: 200, fig. 2 0 (w.) MEXICO. simoni. RhopalothrixsimoniEmery, 1890a: 67 (w.) VEN­ EZUELA. Combination in it. (Octostruma:): ForeL 1.9.12e: 196; in Octostruma: Brown, 1949f:92. Junior synonym of iheringi: Brown 8- Kempf, 1960: 187. spei. Rhopalothrix (Octostruma).simpnir:spei;Porel, 19J2e: 196 (w.) COLOMBIA- Combinationin Octostruma: Brown, 1949f: 92. Junior synonym of iheringi: Brown &- Kempf, I960: 187:

Species-Group Taxa

293

OCTOSTRUMA

(continued)

stenognatha. Octostruma stenognatha Brown & Kempf, 1960: 196, figs. 25, 28 (w.q.) BRAZIL. sulcata. Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) simoni st. spei var. sul­ cata Santschi, 1936b: 201 (w.) PANAMA. Unavail­ able name; material referred to iheringi by Brown & Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 1 8 7 . truncata. Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) truncata Forel, 1912e: 196 (q.) BRAZIL. Combinationin Octostruma: Brown, 1949f: 92. Junior synonym of rugifera: Brown & Kempf, 1960: 199. wheeleri. Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) wheeleri Mann, 1 9 2 2 : 4 3 (w.) GUATEMALA. Combination in Octostruma: Brown, 1949f: 92. See also: Brown & Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 1 9 1 . wighti. Rhopalothrix simoni var. w#«rz'Wheeler, W.M. 1908b: 161 (w.) JAMAICA. Combinationin Octostruma: Brown, 1949f: 92. Junior synonym of iheringi: Brown & Kempf, 1 9 6 0 : 1 8 7 . OCYMYRMEX (Afrotropical) abdominalis. Ocymyrmex weitzeckeri st. abdominalis Santschi, 1914e: 16 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Junior synonym of arnoldi: Arnold, 1916:197. afradu. Ocymyrmex afradu Bolton & Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 2 8 8 (w.) NAMIBIA. alacer. Ocymyrmex alacer Bolton & Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 2 9 0 , fig. 9 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. ankhu. Ocymyrmexankhu Bolton, 1981b: 265 (w.q.) ANGOLA. arnoldi. Ocymyrmex arnoldi Forel, 1913a: 138 (w.m.) ZIMBABWE. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1973b: 76 (1.). Variety/race of weitzeckeri: Forel, 1913j: 213; Arnold, 1916: 197. Senior synonym oi abdominalis: Arnold, 1916: 197. Junior synonym of fortior: Bol­ ton, 1981b: 269. barbatus Emery; see under

barbiger.

barbiger. Ocymyrmex barbiger Emery, 1886: 364, pi. 17, figs. 9-11 (w.m.) SOUTH AFRICA. [Misspelled as barbatus by Emery, 1892a: 114.] Bolton, 1981b: 261 (q.). See also: Bolton & Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 2 9 1 . carpenteri. OcymyrmexcarpenteriDonisthorpe, 1933b: 195 (q., not w.) BOTSWANA. Junior synonym of picardi: Bolton, 1981b: 275. cavatodorsatus. Ocymyrmex cavatodorsatus Prins, 1965c: 1021, figs. 1,2 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Bolton & Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 2 7 8 (q.). See also: Bolton, 1981b: 266. celer. Ocymyrmex weitzeckeri subsp. celer Weber, 1943c: 368 (w.) SUDAN. Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1278 (q.). Raised to species: Bolton, 1981b: 267. cilliei. Ocymyrmex cilliei Prins & Roux, in Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1292 (m.) SOUTH AFRICA. cursor. Ocymyrmex cursor Bolton, 1981b: 267 (w.) ANGOLA. dekerus. Ocymyrmex dekerus Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1292 (w.) NAMIBIA. engytachys. Ocymyrmex engytachys Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1294 (w.) NAMIBIA. flavescens. Ocymyrmex barbiger var. flavescens Stitz, 1 9 2 3 : 1 4 7 (w.) NAMIBIA. Junior synonym of barbiger: Bolton, 1981b: 265. Revived from synonymy, and raised to species: Bolton & Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 2 9 4 .

294

Species-Group Taxa

flaviventris. Ocymyrmex hirsutus var. flaviventris Santschi, 1914a: 431 (w.) TANZANIA. Bolton, 1981b: 261 (q.). Raised to species: Bolton, 1981b: 268. See also: Bolton & Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 2 9 5 . foreli. Ocymyrmex weitzeckeri var. foreli Arnold, 1916: 197 (w.) ZIMBABWE. Bolton, 1981b: 261 (q.); Bol­ ton & Marsh, 1989: 1279 (m.). Raised to species: Bolton, 1981b: 269. See also: Forder & Marsh, 1989: 106. fortior. Ocymyrmex weitzeckeri st. fortior Santschi, 191 Ig: 209 (w.) ANGOLA. Bolton, 1981b: 261 (q.m.). Raised to species, and senior synonym of arnoldi (and its junior s y n o n y m abdominalis), trans­ versus and usakosensis: Bolton, 1981b: 269. See also: Bolton & Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 2 9 6 . gariepensis. Ocymyrmexgariepensis Prins & Roux, in Bolton & Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 2 8 2 (diagnosis in key) (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. gordoni. Ocymyrmexgordoni Prins & Roux, in Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1282 (diagnosis in key) (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. hirsutus.

Ocymyrmex weitzeckeri subsp. hirsutus Forel,

1910f: 13 (w.) BOTSWANA. Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1278 (q.). Raised to species: Santschi, 1914a: 4 3 1 . See also: Bolton, 1981b: 2 7 1 . ignotus. Ocymyrmex ignotus Bolton &• Marsh, 1989: 1297 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. kahas. Ocymyrmex kahas Bolton 8- Marsh, 1989:1298, figs. 11, 16 (w.) NAMIBIA. laticeps. Ocymyrmex laticeps Forel, 1901d: 306 (w.) ANGOLA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1903e: 561.] See also: Bolton, 1981b: 2 7 1 . micans. Ocymyrmex weitzeckeri var. micans Forel, 191 Of: 12 (w.) NAMIBIA. Raised to species: Bolton, 1981b: 272. monardi. Ocymyrmex weitzeckeri st. monardi Santschi, 1930b: 68 (w.) ANGOLA. Raised to species: Bolton, 1981b: 273. nitidulus. Ocymyrmex robecchii r. nitidulus Emery, 1892a: 116 (q., n o t w . ) SOMALIA. Emery, 1896i: 157 (m.); Bolton, 1981b: 2 7 4 (w.). Raised to spe­ cies: Bolton, 1981b: 274. okys. Ocymyrmex okys Bolton &• Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 2 9 9 (w.q.) NAMIBIA. phraxus. Ocymyrmexphraxus Bolton, 1981b: 274, fig. 27 (w.) TANZANIA. See also: Bolton & Marsh, 1989: 1301. picardi. Ocymyrmex picardi Forel, 1901d: 306 (w.) ANGOLA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1903e: 561.] Senior synonym of carpenteri: Bolton, 1981b: 275. resekhes. Ocymyrmex resekhes Bolton &• Marsh, 1989: 1301, fig. 17 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. robecchii. Ocymyrmex robecchiiEmery, 1892a: 114, fig. (w.) SOMALIA. Menozzi, 1922a: 353 (m.). See also: Bolton, 1981b: 276. robustior. Ocymyrmex barbiger var. robustior Stitz, 1923: 146 (w.) NAMIBIA. Bolton &• Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 2 7 9 (q.m.). Junior synonym of barbiger: Bolton, 1981b: 265. Revived from synonymy, and raised to species: Marsh, 1986: 339. See also: Marsh, 1985:286; Bol­ ton &• Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 3 0 3 . shushan. Ocymyrmex shushan Bolton, 1981b: 277, fig. 31 (w.) NAMIBIA.

sobek. Ocymyrmex sotex Bolton, 1981b: 277, fig. 20 (w.q.) BOTSWANA. sphinx. Ocymyrmex sphinx Bolton, 1981b: 278, fig. 21 (w.) BOTSWANA. Bolton &• Marsh, 1989: 1278 (q.). tachys. Ocymyrmex tachys Bolton 6- Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 3 0 4 (w.) NAMIBIA. transversus. Ocymyrmex weitzeckeri st. transversus Santschi, 191 lg: 209 (q., not w.) ANGOLA. Junior synonym of fortior: Bolton, 1981b: 269. turneri. Ocymyrmex turneriDonisthorpe, 1931b: 4 9 9 (w.) NAMIBIA. Bolton &• Marsh, 1989: 1278 (q.). See also: Bolton, 1981b: 279; Bolton &• Marsh, 1989:1305. usakosensis. Ocymyrmex weitzeckeri var. usakosensis Stitz, 1923: 146 (w.) NAMIBIA. Junior synonym oiforfl'or: Bolton, 1981b: 269. velox Ocymyrmex velox Santschi, 1932a: 387 (w.) NAMIBIA. Bolton, 1981b: 261 (q.). See also: Bol­ ton, 1981b: 280; Bolton &• Marsh, 1989: 1306. weitzeckeri. Ocymyrmex weitzeckeri Emery, 1892a: 116 (footnote) (w.) LESOTHO. Arnold, 1916: 197 (m.); Bolton, 1981b: 280 (q.). Senior synonym of wroughtoni: Bolton, 1981b: 280. See also: Bolton &• Marsh, 1989: 1306. wroughtoni. Ocymyrmex weitzeckeri subsp. wroughtoni Forel", 1910f: 13 (w.m.) SOUTH AFRICA. Junior synonym of weitzeckeri: Bolton, 1981b: 280. zekhem. Ocymyrmex zekhem Bolton, 1981b: 281 (w.) NAMIBIA. Bolton 8-Marsh, 1989: 1278 (q.). See also: Bolton 8-Marsh, 1 9 8 9 : 1 3 0 6 . ODONTOMACHUS (World Tropics and Subtropics) aciculatus. Odontomachus aciculatus Smith, F. 1 8 6 3 : 1 9 (w.) INDONESIA (Misool I.). Variety of cephalotes: Emery, 1887b: 428. Revived status as species: Wil­ son, 1959a: 4 8 9 . Senior synonym of aeneus: Brown, 1976a: 102. Material of the unavailable name verticillatus referred here: Wilson, 1959a: 4 8 9 . See also: Brown, 1976a: 123. acutidens. Odontomachus ruficeps r. acutidens Forel, 1900b: 56 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Crawley, 1921: 90 (q.m.). Junior synonym of ruficeps: Brown, 1976a: 105. aeneus. Odontomachus aeneus Emery, 1911b: 534 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of aciculatus: Brown, 1976a: 102. affinis. Odontomachus affinis Guerin-Meneville, 1844a: 423 (w.) BRAZIL. Roger, 1861a: 27 (q.). See also: Brown, 1976a: 124. ajax. Odontomachus ajax Clark, 1928b: 169 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. [First available use of Odontomachus ruficeps subsp. turnerivar. ajax Forel, 1910b: 10; unavailable name (Taylor, 1986: 34).] Junior synonym of cephalotes: Brown, 1976a: 103. allolabis. OdontomachusallolabisKempi, 1974c: 551, figs. 1-4 (q.) BRAZIL. angulatus. Odontomachus angulatus Mayr, 1866a: 500, pi., fig. 10 (w.) FUI IS. Mann, 1 9 2 1 : 4 2 7 (q.). Senior synonym of politus: Brown, 1976a: 102. See also: Brown, 1976a: 124. animosus. Odontomachus animosus Smith, F. 1860b: 102 (w.) NEW GUINEA. See also: Wilson, 1959a: 490; Brown, 1976a: 125. aruanus. Odontomachus ruficeps subsp. aruanus Karavaiev, 1925c: 295, fig. 14 (w.m.) INDONESIA

(Aru I.). Junior synonym of cephalotes: Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 1 . assiniensis. Odontomachus assiniensis Emery, 1892d: 558 (w.) IVORY COAST. Santschi, 1910c: 350 (q.); Forel, 1913e: 666 (q.m.); Santschi, 1914b: 57 (m.). Senior synonym of intermedius: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 793; Brown, 1976a: 102; of aterrimus, caffrorum, fauconneti, flavescens, furvior, fuscus Stitz, 1916, and tropicalis: Brown, 1976a: 102. See also: Brown, 1976a: 128.

J. 1952c: 651 (1.). Combination in Odontomachus: Latreille, 1809: 128. Seruor synonym of emacerata: Brown, 1976a: 103; oileptocephalus:Emery, 191 Id: 114; of theresiae: Forel, 1899c: 19; Brown, 1976a: 103. circulus. Odontomachus drculus Wang, M. 1993a: 220, fig. 1 (w.) CHINA.

aterrimus. Odontomachus assiniensis var. aterrimus Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 102 (w.) ZAIRE. Junior syn­ o n y m of assiniensis: Brown, 1976a: 102.

clarus. Odontomachus clarus Roger, 1861a: 26 (w.) U.SA. Patton, 1894: 618 (m.); Petralia & Vinson, 1980: 381 (1.). Subspecies of haematodus: Emery, 191 Id: 115; Wheeler, W M . 1914b: 40; Smith, M.R. 1939d: 129. Revived status as species: Taylor & Wil­ son, 1962: 142; Brown, 1976a: 136. Senior syn­ onym of clarionensis: Taylor & Wilson, 1962: 142; of coninodis and desertorum: Brown, 1976a: 103; of tex­ ana: Wheeler, W.M. 1902f: 26. See also: Deyrup, Trager & Carlin, 1 9 8 5 : 1 9 2 .

banksi. Odontomachus banksiEoreX, 1910d: 121 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Viehmeyer, 1916b: 284 (q.). See also: Brown, 1976a: 125. bauri. OdontomachusbauriEmery, 1892d: 561 (diagno­ sis in key) (w.) GALAPAGOS IS. Emery, 1893d: 90 (w.); Wheeler, W.M. 1919c: 267 (q.m.). Subspecies of haematodus:Emery, 191 Id: 115. Revived status as species: Taylor & Wilson, 1 9 6 2 : 1 4 2 . Senior syn­ o n y m of microcephalus, notata, pauddens, pubescens, rugisquama and sericeus: Brown, 1976a: 102. See also: Brown, 1976a: 129. biolleyi. Odontomachus biolleyi Forel, 1908b: 35 (w.q.) COSTA RICA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 651 (1.). bispinosus Smith, F. 1858; see under ANOCHETUS. biumbonatus. Odontomachus biumbonatus Brown, 1976a: 131, fig. 22, pi. IB (w.q.) ECUADOR. bradleyi. Odontomachus bradleyi Brown, 1976a: 133 (w.) PERU. breviceps. Odontomachus haematoda var. breviceps Crawley, 1915b: 239 (w.) CHRISTMAS I. Junior synonym of simillimus: Brown, 1976a: 106. bruneipes. Odontomachus haematodus r. pubescens var. bruneipes Emery, 1893d: 91 (footnote) (w.) BRAZIL. -Unavailable name; material referred to haematodus by Brown, 1976a: 104. brunneus. Atta brunnea Patton, 1 8 9 4 : 6 1 8 (w.) U . S A . Deyrup, Trager & Carlin, 1985:191 (m.). Combina­ tion in Odontomachus, and junior synonym of^ insularis: Emery, 1895c: 268. Revived from synon­ ymy, and senior synonym oi fuscus Stitz, 1925: Brown, 1976a: 103. See also: Brown, 1976a: 139. caelatus. Odontomachus caelatus Brown, 1976a: 140, fig. 2 3 , pi. 1A (w.m.) BRAZIL. caffrorum. Odontomachus assiniensis st. caffrorum Santschi, 1914e: 14 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Junior synonym of assiniensis: Brown, 1976a: 102. cephalotes. Odontomachus cephalotes Smith, F. 1863:19 (w.) INDONESIA (SeramL). Forel, 1915b: 34 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1971b: 1212 (1.). Subspecies of ruficeps: Forel, 1911e: 251; Forel, 1915b: 34. Revived status as species: Wilson, 1959a: 490. Senior synonym of aruanus, and material of the unavailable names fusca, cruenta, longitudinalis, tamensis and ternatensis referred here: Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 1 . Senior synonym of ajax, and material of the unavailable names cooktownensis, obtusa and yorkensis referred here: Brown, 1976a: 103. See also: Crawley, 1922b: 441; Brown, 1976a: 120. chelifer. Formica chelifera Latreille, 1802c: 188, pi. 8, fig. 51 (w.) SOUTH AMERICA (no locality given). Forel, 1909a: 252 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler,

clarionensis. Odontomachus haematoda subsp. clarionensis Wheeler, W.M. 1934f: 141 (w.) MEXICO. Junior synonym of clarus: Taylor & Wilson, 1 9 6 2 : 1 4 2 .

concentrica. Odontomachus papuanus var. concentrica Emery, 1897d: 557 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior syn­ onym of papuanus: Wilson, 1959a: 497. conifera. Odontomachus rixosus var. conifera Forel, 1913k: 19 (w.q.) JAVA. Junior synonym of rixosus: Brown, 1976a: 105. coninodis. Odontomachus haematodus subsp. coninodis Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 391 (w.q.) U S A . Junior syn­ onym of clarus: Brown, 1976a: 103. See also: Smith, M.R. 1939d: 128. cooktownensis. Odontomachus ruficeps r. cephalotes var. cooktownensis ForeL 1915b: 35 (w.m.) AUSTRALIA. Unavailable name (Taylor, 1986: 34); material referred to cephalotes by Brown, 1976a: 103. coquereli. Odontomachus coquereli Roger, 1861a: 30 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Combination in Champsomyrmex: Emery, 1892d: 558. Senior synonym of minor: Brown, 1976a: 103. See also: Forel, 1891b: 105; Brown, 1976a: 143. coriarius. Odontomachus coriarius Mayr, 1876: 85 (w.m.) AUSTRALIA. Subspecies of ruficeps: Emery, 191 Id: 115; of haematodus: Wheeler, W.M. 1915g: 806. Junior synonym of ruficeps: Brown, 1976a: 105. comutus. Odontomachus comutus Stitz, 1933: 67, fig. 1 (w.) ECUADOR. Kugler, C. 1980: 225 (q.m.). See also: Brown, 1976a: 144. cruenta. Odontomachus ruficeps susbp. cephalotes var. cruenta Emery, 1911c: 251 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA. Unavailable name; material referred to cephalotes by Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 1 . desertorum. Odontomachus haematoda subsp. desertorum Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 391 (w.) U.S.A. Junior syn­ o n y m of clarus: Brown, 1976a: 103. See also: Smith, M.R. 1939d: 128. dulcis. Odontomachus haematoda subsp. dulcis Mann, 1 9 2 2 : 1 8 (w.) HONDURAS. Junior synonym of minuta: Brown, 1976a: 104. emacerata. Odontomachus chelifer var. emacerata Santschi, 1922d: 2 4 3 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of chelifer: Brown, 1976a: 103. emeryi. Odontomachus imperator subsp. emeryr Mann, 1919: 303, fig. 12 (w.q.m.) SOLOMON IS. Raisedto species: Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 2 . Junior synonym of rufithorax: Brown, 1976a: 106.

erythrocephalus. Odontomachus haematodes r. erythrocephalus Emery, 1890b: 4 4 (w.) COSTARICA. [Also described as n e w by Emery, 1894k: 50.] Forel, 1914e: 9 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. &• Wheeler, J. 1952c: 650 (1.). Raised to species: Kempf, 1972a: 170; Brown, 1976a: 144. fauconneti. Odontomachus assiniensis subsp. fauconneti Forel, 1910a: 27 (w.) ZAIRE. Junior synonym of assiniensis: Brown, 1976a: 102. flavescens. Odontomachus assiniensis subsp. flavescens Ber­ nard, 1953b: 215 (w.q.) GUINEA. Junior synonym of assiniensis: Brown, 1976a: 102. floresensis. Odontomachusfloresensis Brown, 1976a: 146 (w.) INDONESIA (Floresl.) formosae. Odontomachus monticola var. formosae Forel, 1912a: 46 (w.q.m.) TAIWAN. Stirps oimonticola: Santschi, I925f: 82. Senior synonym of kuroiwae: Teranishi, 1940: 61. Junior synonym of monticola: Yasumatsu, 1962: 93. fulgidus. Odontomachus fulgidus Wang, M. 1993a: 222, fig. 3 (w.) CHINA. furvior. Odontomachus assiniensis var. furvior Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 101 (w.q.) ZAIRE. Junior synonym of assiniensis: Brown, 1976a: 102. fusca. Odontomachus ruficeps subsp. cephalotes var. fusca Emery, 1911c: 251 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Unavailable name; material referred to cephalotes by Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 1 . fustipennis. Odontomachus haematodes var. fuscipennis Forel, 1913k: 19 (w.q.m.) SRI LANKA. Junior syn­ o n y m of simillimus: Wilson, 1959a: 499. fuscus. Odontomachus assiniensis var. fuscus Stitz, 1916: 372 (w.q.) ZAIRE. Junior synonym of assiniensis: Brown, 1976a: 102. fuscus. Odontomachus haematodes var. fuscus Stitz, 1925: 115, fig. 2 (w.) CUBA. [Unresolved junior primary h o m o n y m oi fuscus Stitz, 1916, above. Note that the proposed replacement name repetita Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 361 is unavailable.] Junior synonym of brunneus: Brown, 1976a: 103. ghilianii Spinola, 1851; see under

ANOCHETUS.

gladiator Donisthorpe, 1932; see under

ANOCHETUS.

granatus. Odontomachusgranatus Wang, M. 1993a: 224, fig. 5 (w.) CHINA. gressitti. OdontomachusgressittiWilson, 1959a: 492, fig. 4 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of rufithorax: Brown, 1976a: 106. gulosus. Odontomachusgulosus Emery, 1901h: 160 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of testaceus: Wilson, 1959a: 500. haematodus. Formica haematoda Linnaeus, 1758: 582 (q.) "Americameridionali". Emery, 1899c: 5 (I.J.­ Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 646 (1.). Combi­ nationin Odontomachus: Latreille, 1804: 179. Senior synonym of maxillosa: Retzius, 1783:75; Olivier, 1792: 502; Latreille, 1802c: 192; of hirsutiusculus: Roger, 1863b: 22; Brown, 1976a: 104; of pallipes, and material of the unavailable name bmneipes referred here: Brown, 1976a: 104. hainanensis. Odontomachus monticola var. hainanensis Stitz, 1 9 2 5 : 1 1 5 , fig. 3 (w.) CHINA. Junior synonym of monticola: Brown, 1976a: 105. hastatus. Myrmecia hastata Fabricius, 1 8 0 4 : 4 2 6 (w.) CENTRAL AMERICA. Wheeler, G.C. &• Wheeler, J. 1971b: 1212 (1.). Combination in Odontomachus: Ilii-

Species-Group Taxa

295

ODONTOMACHUS

(continued)

ger, 1 $07: 194, Senior synonym of. maxillaris: Soger, 186Jb;22. hirsutiusculus. Odontomachus hirsutiusculus Smith, E 1858b: 78 (w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1909a: 252 (q.). Vari­ ety/subspecies of insularis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 51; of haematodus: Roger, 1861a: 24; Forel, 1907e: 1; Wheeler, W.M, 191 la: 22. Junior s y n o n y m of haematodus: Roger, 1863b: 22; Brown, 1976a: 104, imperator. Odontomachus imperator Emery, 1887b: 429, pi. 1, fig. 1, (w.) NEW GUINEA. See also: Brown, 1976a: 152, infqndus, Odontomachus ihfandus Smith, F. 1858b: 8.1 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Senior synonym of philippinus and striaticeps: Brown, 1976a: 1Q4. insularis. Odontomachus insularis Guerin-Meneville, 1844a: 423 (w.m.) CUBA. Forel, 1897b: 298 (q.). Race/subspecies of haematodus: Emery, 1890b: 4 4 (footnote); Smith, M.R. 1939d: 127, Revived status as species: Taylor & Wilson, 1962: 14^. Material of the unavailable names pallens and wheeleri referred h e r e b y Brown, 1976a: 104. intermedius. Odontomachus intermedius Stitz, 1911b: 378. (w.) TANZANIA. Subspecies of assiniensis: Santschi, 1914e: 14. Junior synonym of assiniensis: Wheeler, WM- 1922a: 793; Brown, 1976a: 102. kuroiwae. Myrtoteras kuroiwae Matsuraura, 1 9 1 2 : 1 9 2 , pi. 54, fig. 1 (w.) JAPAN. Combinationin Myrmoteras: Mats.umura 8- Uchida, 1926: 51; in Odontomachus: Crieghton, 1939: 40. Junior synonym of formasae: Teranishi, 1940: 61, laticeps. Odontomachus haematodus var. laticeps Roger, 186.1a: 25 (w.) MEXICO. Subspecies/race of haematodus: Emery, 1890b: 44; Emery, 19 l i d : 11,5, Raisedto species; Dalla Torre, 1893: 51; Kempf, 1972a: 172. Senior synonym of striativentris: Brown, 1976a: 104. latidens. Odontomachus latidens Mayr, 1867a: 80 (q,), JAVA. Emery, 1892d; 560.(w.); Imai, Brown, etal. 1984; 67 (k.). Senior synonym of procerus.and sumatranus: Brown, 1976a: 104. See also: Karavaiev, 1925c: 292. latissimus, Odontomachus latissimus Viehmeyer, 1914c: 31, fig. 5 (w.) NEW GUINEA. See also: Brown, 1976a: 128, leptocephalus, Odontomachus chelifer var. lepipcephalus Emery, 1890b: 45, pi. 5> fig. 2 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of chelifer: Emery, 191 Id: 114, linae. Odontomachus saevissimus var. linae Donisthorpe, 1940c: 107 (w.q.) NEWGUINEA, Raisedto species: Wilson, 1959a: 494. Junior s y n o n y m p f saevissimus: Brown, 1976a: 1,06. longi.- Odontomachus monticola var, longi Forel, 190Oc: 5,8 (w.) INDIA. Junior synonym of.monticola; Brown, 1976a: 105. longitudinalis. Odontomachus ruficeps subsp. cephalotes var, longitudinalis Donisthorpe. 1940c: 108, fig, 1 (w.) NEW GUINEA- Unavailable name; material: r eferredto,cepnfl/oto,by Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 1 , ;

macrorhynchus, Pedetesjnacrorhynchus Bernstein, 1861: 8 (q.) JAVA, Combinationin Odgtltomachus:Dalla Torre, 1893: 51, LBrqwn, 19,76a: 104,gives,this name as a nomen nudum, which is incorrect a? Bernsteinprovides an indication.] Unidentifiable taxon;, v

296

Species-Group Taxa

incertae sedis in Odontomachus. See also; Brown, 1976a: 159. magnus. Odontomachus coriariusyar. magnus Mayr, 1876: 85 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of ruficeps: Brown, 1976a; 105, major. Odontomachus monticola var. major Forel, 1913f: 183 (w.) TAIWAN. Junior synonym of monticola: Brown, 1976a: 105> malignus, OdontomachusmalignusSrrdth. F. 1859a: 144 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Senior synonym of retrolatior; Brown, 1976a: 104; of tuberculatus: Emery, 1887b:. 429; Wilson, 1959a: .495. See also: Brown, 1976a: 159. maxillaris. Odontomachus maxillaris Smith, E 1858b; 77, pi. 5, figs. 1 2 - 1 4 (w.q.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of hastatus: Roger, 1863b: 22. maxillosa. Formica maxillosa De Geer, 1773; 601, pi. 31, figs, 3-5.(q.) SURINAM. Junior synonym of haematodus: Retzius, 1783: 75; Olivier, 1792: 502; Latreille, 1802c: 192. mqyi. Odontomachus affinis subsp. mayi Mann, 1912: 39 (w.) BRAZIL. Raised to species: Kempf, 1972a: 172; Brown, 1976a: 124. meinerti. Odontomachus haematodes r, meinerti Forel, 1905b: 156 (w.) VENEZUELA. Raised to species: n e w s t a t u s , Synonym of minuta: Brown, 1976a: 104. [Brown gives minuta as^seniorname but, meinerti has,priority and is the first available name, for this taxon.] microcephalus. Odontomachus haematodes yar, microcephqlusEmery, 1890b: 45, pi. 5, fig. 1 (w.) COSTA RICA, [Also described as n e w by Emery, 1894k: 50.] Junior synonym of bauri: Brown, 1976a: 102. minor. Champsomyrmex coquereli yar. minorEmery, 1899f: 2 7 3 (w.q.) MADAGASCAR. Junior synonym of coquereli: Brown, 1976a:.103. minuta. Odontomachus haematoda subsp. minuta. Luederwaldt, 1918: 36 (w.)BRAZIL. [First available use of Odontomachus haematodessubsp. pubescens yar. minuta Emery, 1894c: 146; unavailable name.] Raised to spedes: Kempf, 1972a: 172. Senior syn: onym of dulcis and meinerti: Brown, 1976a; 104. [Brown gives minuta as senior name, but meinerti has priority-] montanus. Odontomachus imperator war. montanus•.Stitz, 1925: 116 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Raised to spedes: Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 5 . monticola. Odontomachus monticola Emery, 1892d: 560 (diagnosis in key) (w.) VIETNAM. Emery, 1895k: 463 (q,); Ogata, 1987: 126 (m.). Senior synonym of formosae (and its junior synonym kuroiwae) and pauperculus: Yasumatsu, 1962: 93; of hainanensis, longi, major, punctulatus and striata: Brown, 1976a: 105. mormp. Odontomachus mormo Brown, 1976a: 161, figs. 10, 15,(w.),ECUADOR. nietneri Roger, 1861; see under ANOCHETUS. nigriceps. Odontomachus.nigriceps Smith, F. 1860b: 103, pi. 1, fig, 9 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Variety of tyrannicus: Emery, 18?7d: 557; Donisthorpe, 1.947c: 579. Sta­ tus as spedes: Donisthorpe. 1932c: 461; Wilson, 1959a; 496; Brown, 1976a: 105. Senior s y n o n y m of praefectus: Wilson, 1959a: 496.

nigrifrons. Odontomachus nigrifrons Donisthorpe, 1940c: 106 (w.) NEW GUINEA Junior synonympf. tes­ taceus: Wilson, 1959a: 500. notata. Odontomachus haematoda var. notata Mann, 1 9 2 0 : 4 0 4 (w.) PUERTO RICO. Junior synonympf bauri: Brown, 1976a: 102. nubila. Odontomachus gulosus var, nubila Emery, 191,1c: 250 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonympf testaceus: Wilson, 1959a: 500. oblita. Odontomachus assiniensis var. oblita Baroni Urban;, 1971b: 360. Unavailable name (and unnec­ essary replacement name tor fuscus Stitz, 1916; 372). obscura. Odontomachus coriariusyar. obscura Crawley, 1922b: 437, fig. 1 (w.) AUSTRALIA, Junior syn­ o n y m of ruficeps: Brown, 1976a: 105, obscurior. Odontomachus rixosusyar. obscurior Forel, 1900c: 58 (w.) BURMA. Viehmeyer, 1916a: 116 (q.). Junior synonym, of rixosus:Broy/r\, 1976a: 105. obsolescens. Odontomachustyrannicus yar. obsplescens, Donisthorpe, 1940c: 106 (w.m.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of tyrannicus: Wilson, 1959a: 501, obtusa. Odontomachus ruficeps subsp. cephalotes yar. obtusa Emery, 1911c: 251 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Unavailable name; material referred to cephalotes by Brown, 1976a: 103, opaciventris. Odontomachus haematodus r. opaciventris Forel, 1899c: 2 1 , pL 1, fig. 14 (w.q.) MEXICO. Raised to spedes: Kempf, 1972a; 172; Brown, 1976a: 105. opaculus. Odontomachus imperator subsp, opaculus Viehmeyer, 19.1.2; 6, fig, 6 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Raised t o s p e d e s : Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 6 . pallens. Odontomachus. haematodes subsp. insularis var. pallens Wheeler, W.M. 1905b: 82 (w.q.m.) BAHA­ MAS. Unavailable name; material referred to insularis by Brown, 1976a: 104. pallidicomis. Ponera pallidicomis Smith, F, 1860a: 73 (m.) SULAWESI. Combinatipn in Euponera (Brachyponera): Donisthorpe, 1932c: 458. Junior synonym of simillimus: Brown, 1976a: 106. pallipes. Odontomachus haematoda var, pallipes Crawley, 1916b: 368 (w.) GUIANA. Junior synonym of haematodus: Brown, 1976a; 104. panamensis. Odontomachus affinis r. panamensis Forel, 1899c: 19, pi. I, fig. 1,3 (w.q.m.) PANAMA. Raised, to spedes: Kempf 1972a: 172; Brown. 1976a: 105. r

papuanus. Odontomachus rixosus var. papuanus Emery, 1887b: 429 (w.j NEW GUINEA. Viehmeyer, 1916b: 2 8 4 (footnote) (q.). Raised to spedes; Emery, 1892d: 559 (in key); Wilson, 1,959a: 496, Senior synonym of concentrica: Wilson, 1959a: 497. pauddens. Odontomachus haematodus yar, pauddens Emery, 1893d: 91 (foomote) (w.) HAITI. Menozzi & Russp, 1930: 151, (m.). Subspedes othaematodus: Wheeler, W .M 1936b: 196. Junior synonym of bauri: Brown. 1976a: 102. t

pauperculus. Odontomachus monticola subsp. pauperculus Wheeler, \V.M. 1921c: 530 (w.) CHINA. Junior syn­ o n y m of monticola: Yasumatsu, 1962: 93. peruanus. Odontomachus haematodes var, peruana Stitz, 1933: 68.(q.) PERU. Raised to species, nomendubium:3rown, 1976a: 105. See also: Brpwn, 1976a; 163.

philippinus. Odontomachus papuanus r. philippinus Emery, 1893e: 2 0 3 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Junior syn­ o n y m of infandus: Brown, 1976a: 104. politus. Odontomachus politus Stitz, 1925: 116 (w.) FIJI IS. Junior synonym of angulatus: Brown, 1976a: 102. praefectus. Odontomachus angulatus subsp. praefectus Forel, 191 le: 251 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior syn­ o n y m of nigriceps: Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 6 . procerus. Odontomachus latidens.r procerus Emery, r

18.93e: 2 0 3 (q.) WEST MALAYSIA- Junior synonym of latidens: Brown, 1976a: 104. *pseudobauri. *Odonotomachus pseudobauri De Andrade, 1994: 9, fig. 14 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER. pubescens. Odontomachus haematodus var. pubescens Roger, 1861a: 25 (w.) VENEZUELA. Forel, 1909a: 252 (q.). Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 52. Race/subspecies of haematodus: Emery, 1890b: 4 4 (foomote); Emery, 191 I d : 1,15, Junior synonym of bauri: Brown, 1976a: 102, punctulatus. Odontomachus monticola r. punctulatus Forel, 1900c: 58 (w.) INDIA. Raised to species: Bingham. 1903:49; Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 61; Wu, C.E 1941: 149. Junior synonym of monticola: Brown, 1976a: 105. quadrispinosus Smith, F. 1858; see under ANOCHETIJS. repetita. Odontomachus haematoda yar. repetita Baroni Urbani, 1971b; 361. Unavailable name (see under fuscus). retrolatior. Odontomachus retrolatior Viehmeyer, 1914a: 113 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior s y n o n y m of malignus: Brown, 1,976a: 104. rixosus. Odontomachus rixosus Smith, F. 1857a: 6 4 (w.) SINGAPORE. Crawley, 1924: 388 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. fr Wheeler, J, 1952c: 6 5 1 (1.); Imai, Brown, etal 1,984: 67 (k.). Senior synonym of conifera and obscurior: Brown, 1976a: 105, See also: Brown, 1976a:, 1,63. ' rossi Donisthorpe, 1947; see under ANOCHETUS. rubriceps. Odontomachus ruficeps yar. rubriceps Forel, 1915b: 33 (w.m.) AUSTRALIA, Junior synonym of ruficeps: Brown, 1976a: 105, rufescens. Odontomachus ruficeps yar. rufescens Forel, 1915b: 34 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of ruficeps: Brown, 1976a: 105. ruficeps. Odontomachus ruficeps Smith, F. 1858b; 81 (w.) AUSTRALIA, Forel, 1910b: 10 (m.). Senior syn­ onym of acutidens, coriarius, magnus, obscura, rubriceps, rufescens, semicircularis, septentrionalis and, sharpei: Brown, 1976a: 105. See also: Crawley, 1922b: 438; Brown, 1976a: 120. rufithorax. Odontomachus imperator subsp. rufithorax Emery, 1911b; 5.34 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Raisedto species: Wilson, 1,959a; 497, Senior synonym, of emeryi and gressitti: Brown, 1976a: 106. rufus Jerdon, 1851; see under ANOCHETUS. ruginodis. Odontomachus haematodus yar. ruginodis Smith, M.R. 1937: 8 2 8 (w.q.) BAHAMAS. [First available use of Odontomachus haematodes subsp. insularis var. ruginodis Wheeler, W.M, 1905b: 82; unavailable name.],Deyrup, Trager & Carlin, 1985: 1 9 2 (m.). Raised to species: Wilson, 1964b; 4. Junior synonym of brunneus: Brown, 1976a: 103. Reviyed from, synonymy: Deyrup, Trager & Carlin, 1985:192.

rugisquama. Odontomachus haematodesyar. rugisquama Forel, 1908b: 35 (w.) COSTARICA. Forel, 1912c: 28 (q.). Junior synonym of bauri: Brown, 1976a: 102. rugosus Smith, B. 1857; see under ANOCHETUS. saevissimus. Odontomachus saevissimus Smith, F. 1858b: 80, pi. 5, fig. 10 (w.) INDONESIA (SeramL). Smith, F. 1860b: 102 (q.); Karavaiev, 1925c: 291. (m.). Senior synonym of tauerni andtiansversostriatus: Wil­ son, 1959a;498; of linae: Brown, 1976a: 106. See also: Brown, 1976a: 152. scalptus. Odontomachus scalptus Brown, 19.78b: 2 8 1 (w.) ECUADOR. semicircularis. Odontomachus coriarius yar. semicircularis Mayr, 1876: 85 (w.) AUSTRALIA- Junior s y n o n y m of ruficeps: Brown, 1976a; 105septentrionalis. Odontomachus septentrionalis Crawley, 1915a: 130 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of ruficeps.Brown, 1976a: 105. sericeus. Odontomachus sericeusProyancher, 1895: 97 (q.) TRINIDAD. Junior synonym of bauri: Brown, 1976a: 102. sharpeu Odontomachus sharpei-ForeL 1893d; 4 5 8 (q.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of ruficeps: Brown, 1976a: 105silvestrii. Odontomachus silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1927h; 85, fig. 1 (w.) VIETNAM- Senior synonym oisubstriatus: Brown, 1976a; 106. simillimus. Odontomachus simillimus Smith, F. 1858b: 80, pi. 5, figs. 8, 9 (q.) FUI IS. Mayr, 1867a: 79 ( w ) ; Karayaiev, 1925c: 2 9 4 (m,); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1980: 530.(!.); Imai, Brown, etal. 1984:. 67 (k.); Tjan, Imai, etal. 1986: 57 (k.). Junior syn­ o n y m of haematodus: Roger, 1861a: 24; Mayr, 1865; 64;Emery, 191 Id: 114. Revived.from synonymy: Wilson, 1959a: 499; Brown, 1976a; 106. Senior syn­ onym of fuscipennis: Wilson, 1959a: 499; of breviceps. and pallidicornis: Brown, 1976a:. 106. See also: Brown, 1976a; 165. smithii Roger, 1863; see under ANOCHETUS; *spinifer. *OdontomachusspiniferDeAndrade, 1994: 7, fig. 13 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER. spissus. Odontomachus spissus Kempi, 1962b: 17, figs, 5 7 (w.) BRAZIL. Kempf, 1975c: 345 (q.). stanleyi Odontomachus haematodus var. stanleyi Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 102 (w.) ZAIRE. Junior synonym of troglodytes: Brown, 1976a: 1,06. striata. Odontomachus latidens susbp, striata Menozzi, 1930d: 329 (w.) CHINA. Junior synonym.of monticola: Brown, 1976a: 105. striaticeps. Odontomachus Infandus r. striaticeps Stitz, 1925; 117 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Junior, s y n o n y m of infandus: Brown, 1976a; 104. striativentris. Odontomachus haematodesj. striativentris Emery, 1890b: 4 4 (w.) COSTA RICA. [Also described.as n e w by Emery, 1894k: 50,] Subspecies oi haematodus: Emery, 191 Id; 11-5, Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 52; Kempf, 1972a; 172. Junior synonym of laticeps: Brown, 1976a: 104. substriatus. Odontomachus silvestrii var. subsfriatus Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 86 (w.) VIETNAM. Junior synonym oi silvestrii: Brown, 1976a: 106, sumatranus. Odontomachus latidenssubsp. sumatranus Emery, 1900d: 671, fig. 4 (w.q.) SUMATRA. Junior synonymoilatidens: Brown, 1976a: 104.

sumbensis. Odontomachus sumbensis Browrt, 1976a: 166 (w.) INDONESIA (Sumba I.). tamensis. Odontomachus.ruficepsr. cephalotesyar. tamensis Stitz, 1912: 503, fig. 7 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Unavail­ able name; material referred to cephalotes by Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 1 . tauerni. Odontomachusimperatorvar. tauerni'.-Stitz, 1925.; 116 (w.) INDONESIA (Seram I.). Junior synonym of saevissimus: Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 8 . tensus. Odontomachustensus•Wang, M 1993a; 2 2 3 , fig. 4 (w.) CHINA. ternatensis. Odontomachus ruficeps subsp. cephalotesyar. ternqtensisForel, 191 l e : .252, (w.), INDONESIA. (Ternaie L). Unavailable name; material referred to cephalotes by Wilson, 1959a; 4 9 1 . testaceus. Odontomachustyrarinicusyar, testacea Emery, 1897d: 557 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Raisedto species, and seniorsynnnymoigulosus, nigrifrons and nubila.; Wilson, 1959a: 500. texana. Odontomachus texana Buckley, 1867: 335 (w.) U-S,A- Junior synonym of insularis: Emery, 1895c: 268; of clarus: Wheeler, W.M. 1902f:26. theresiae. Odontomachus haematodesr. theresiae Forel, 1895a: 41 (w.) MEXICO. Emery, 1901a: 5 3 (m.). Variety/subspeciesof chelifer:Emery, 1901a; 53; Forel, 1912c: 28; Kempf, 1972a: 170, Junior syn­ o n y m p f chelifer: Forel, 1899c: 19; Brown, 1976a: 103. transyersostriatus. Odontomachus transyersostriatus Donisthorpe, 194Ih: 5 3 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior s y n o n y m p f saevissimus: Wilson, 1959a: 498troglodytes. Odontomachus haematodes var. troglodytes Santschi, 1914b: 58 (w.) KENYA. Andre, 1887: 2 9 0 (m.); Arnold, 1915: 109 (q.); Menozzi, 1944: 4 3 7 (1.). Raised to species, and senior synonym of stanleyi: Brown, 1976a: 106- See also: Browp, 1976a: 167. tropicalis. Odontomachus assiniensis var. tropicalis Menozzi, 1922a: 352 (w.q.m.) PRINCIPE I. Junior, synonym of assiniensis: Brown, 1976a: 1,02, tuberculatus. Odontomachus tuberculatus Roger, 1861a: 28 (w.) ASIA (no locality given). Subspecies of malignus: Mann, 191,9: 305. Junior synonympf malignus: Emery, 1887b: 429;Emery. 191 Id; 113; Wilson, 1959a: 4 9 5 . turneri, Odontomachus ruficepsr. turneriBorei, 1900b: 5,6, (w.) AUSTRALIA- Junior synonym of. cephalotes: Brown, 1976a: 103. Revived from synonymy and raisedto species: Brown, 1978b; 2 8 3 , tyrannicus.. Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, F. 1859a: 144 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Emery, 1897d: 557 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler; J. 1952c: 652 (1.). Senior synonym of obsplescens: Wilson, 1959a: 501. tyrannicus Smith, E 1861; see under ANOCHETUS. unispinosa. Formica unispinosq Fabricius, 1793: 35.9 (w.) GUADELUPE L Combination in Odontomachus: Lepeletier, 1835: 187. Junior synonympf haematodus: Roger, 1861a: 24; Mayr, 1865: 63; possi­ ble synonym (senior) of bauri: Brown, 1,976a; 102, Unidentifiable to species; incertae sedis in Odontomachus: current status. verticillatus, Odontomachus ruficeps r, cephalotesyar. verticillatus Stitz, 1912: 501, figs, 5, 6 (w.) NEW GUINEA Unavailable name; material referred to aciculatus by Wilson, 1959a: 4 8 9 .

Species-Group, Taxa

297

ODONTOMACHUS

(continued)

wheeleri. Odontomachus haematodus subsp. insularis var. wheeleri Mann, 1 9 2 0 : 4 0 5 (w.) CUBA. Unavailable name; material referred to insularis by Brown, 1976a: 104. xizangensis.

Odontomachus xizangensis Wang, M.

*brischkei. *Oecophylla brischkei Mayr, 1868c: 31, pi. 1, figs. 1 2 , 1 3 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). Wheeler, W M . 1915h: 114 (m.). #claridens. Oecophylla longinoda var. claridens Santschi, 1928f: 211 (w.q.) IVORY COAST. Stirps of longinoda: Santschi, 1935b: 274.

Stitz, 1911a: 356 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Unavailable

*crassinoda. *Oecophylla crassinoda Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 2 2 7 . Replacement name for *brevinodis Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 116. [Junior primary h o m ­ o n y m of brevinodis Andre, 1890: 313.]

name (Taylor, 1986: 34); material referred to

itfusca. Oecophylla fusca Emery, 1899e: 4 9 6 (w.q.)

1993a: 222, fig. 2 (w.) CHINA. yorkensis. Odontomachus ruficeps r. acutidens var. yorkensis

cephalotes by Brown, 1976a: 103. yucatecus.

Odontomachusyucatecus Brown, 1976a: 169

(w.) MEXICO. ODONTOMYRMEX: see under ODONTOPELTA: see under

PRISTOMYRMEX.

LEPTOGENYS.

ODONTOPONERA (Oriental, Indo-Australian) ^biconcentrica. Odontoponera transversa var. biconcentrica Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 62, pi. 2, fig. 6 (w.) PHILIPPINES. denticulata. Ponera denticulata Smith, F. 1858b: 90, pi. 6, figs. 13, 14 (q.) SINGAPORE (not South Africa as originally stated; see Donisthorpe, 1943f: 677). Roger, 1861a: 12 (w.). Combinationin Odontoponera: Mayr, 1862: 717. Junior synonym of transversa: Dalla Torre, 1893: 30; Forel, 1900d: 314. ttinfuscata. Odontoponera transversa var. infuscata Creighton, 1929: 153 (w.) JAVA. #nitens. Odontoponera transversa subsp. nitens Creighton, 1 9 2 9 : 1 5 4 (w.) BORNEO. reticulata. Ponera reticulata Smith, F. 1858b: 85 (m.) BURMA. Junior synonym of transversa: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 7 4 . transversa. Ponera transversa Smith, F. 1857a: 68 (w.) SINGAPORE. Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 7 3 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 606 (1); Imai, Baroni Urbani, etal. 1984: 5 (k.). Combination in Odontoponera-.Emexy, 1893g: 2 6 2 . Senior synonym of denticulata: Dalla Torre, 1893: 30; Forel, 1900d: 314; of reticulata: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 474. Current subspecies: nominal plus biconcentrica, infuscata, nitens. OECODOMA: see under ATTA. OECOPHTHORA: see under OECOPHYLLA

PHEIDOLE.

(Old World Tropics)

CAMEROUN. Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 2 2 9 (m.). Vari­ ety/subspecies of smaragdina: Emery, 1921c: 103; of longinoda: Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 229. #fuscoides. Oecophylla smaragdina var. fuscoides Karavaiev, 1933a: 315 (w.) JAVA. [Also described as n e w by Karavaiev, 1935a: 112.]

*superba. *Oecophylla superba Theobald, 1937b: 212, pi. 4, fig. 17; pi. 15, fig. 1 (q.) FRANCE (Oligocene).

Hgracillima. Oecophylla smaragdina var. gracillima Emery, 1893e: 195 (w.) INDONESIA (BatjanL). krampsi. Oecophylla smaragdina subsp. subnitida var. krampsi Donisthorpe, 1938d: 598 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA. Unavailable name.

atextor. Oecophylla longinoda var. textor Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 2 2 9 (w.q.) ZAIRE. [First available use of Oecophylla smaragdina st. longinoda var. textor Santschi, 1914b: 128; unavailable name.] virescens. Formica virescens Fabricius, 1775: 392 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Smith, F. 1858b: 30 (m.). Combina­ t i o n i n Oecophylla: Smith, F. 1860b: 102. Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893:177; Emery, 1921c: 102. Variety/race oi smaragdina: Emery, 1887a: 242; Forel, 1915b: 95; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 2 2 8 (in key); Emery, 1925b: 52; Karavaiev, 1933a: 315. Junior synonym of smaragdina: Mayr, 1872:143; Taylor &• Brown, D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 2 7 . viridis. Formica viridis Kirby, W. 1 8 1 9 : 4 7 8 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Junior synonym of virescens: Roger, 1863b: 10; DaUa Torre, 1893:177; Emery, 1925b: 52; of smaragdina: Smith, F. 1857a: 53; Taylor &• Brown, D.R. 1985: 127. zonata. Formica zonata Guerin-Meneville, 1838:205 (q.) "Port Praslin". Junior synonym oi smaragdina: Roger, 1863b: 10; Dalla Torre, 1893:176.

Heakeyi. *Oecophylla leakeyiWuson & Taylor, 1 9 6 4 : 9 3 , fig. 2, pi. 2 (w.l.) KENYA. longinoda. Formica longinoda Latreille, 1802c: 184, pi. 11, fig. 72 (w.) SENEGAL. Emery, 1892d: 5 6 4 (q.); Forel, 1913b: 339 (m.). Combination in Oecophylla: Mayr, 1 8 6 3 : 4 3 9 . Junior s y n o n y m of virescens: Smith, F. 1858b: 29. Subspecies/race of smaragdina: Emery, 1892d: 564; Forel, 1907e: 15; Santschi, 1914b: 128; Santschi, 1919a: 345; Emery, 1925b: 52; Prins, 1965b: 77. Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893:176; Emery, 1921c: 102; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 227; Santschi, 1928f: 2 1 1 ; and current sta­ tus. Senior synonym of brevinodis: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 945. Current subspecies: norninal plus annectens, claridens, fusca, rubriceps, rufescens, taeniata, textor. See also: Gotwald, 1973:72; Holldobler & Wil­ son, 1 9 7 8 : 1 9 . macra. Formicamacra Guerin-Meneville, 1831, pi. 8, fig. 1 (w.) "Offack". Junior synonym of virescens: Smith, F. 1858b: 29; of smaragdina: Roger, 1863b: 10; Dalla Torre, 1893:176; Arnold, 1922: 609. *megarche. *Oecophylla megarche Cockerell, 1 9 1 5 : 4 8 6 , pi. 65, figs. 1-3 (q.) GREAT BRITAIN.

* atavina. * Oecophylla atavina Cockerell, 1 9 1 5 : 4 8 5 , pi. 64, fig. 7 (q.) GREAT BRITAIN.

*perdita. * Oecophylla perdita Cockerell, 1 9 1 5 : 4 8 5 , pi. 64, figs. 5, 6 (q.m.) GREAT BRITAIN.

*bartoniana. * Oecophylla bartoniana Cockerell, 1920: 277, pi. 16,fig.4 (wing) GREAT BRITAIN (Eocene). brevinodis. Oecophylla brevinodis Andre, 1890: 3 1 3 (w.) SIERRA LEONE. Santschi, 1919a: 345 (q.). Vari­ ety/race of longinoda: Dalla Torre, 1893:176; of smaragdina: Stitz, 1916: 396. Junior synonym of longinoda: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 945.

*praeclara. *Oecophylla praeclara Forster, 1 8 9 1 : 4 3 2 , pi. 13, fig. 6 (q.) GERMANY (Oligocene).

Species-Group Taxa

Oecophylla smaragdina var. subnitida Emery, 565 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Donisthorpe, 70 (q.). Subspecies of smaragdina: Emery, 573; Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 229 (in key).

#taeniata. Oecophylla longinoda var. taeniata Santschi, 1928f:212 (q.) ZAIRE.

*obesa. *Formica obesa Heer, 1 8 5 0 : 1 0 8 , pi. 8, fig. 1 (q.) YUGOSLAVIA (Miocene). Combinationin Oecophylla: Mayr, 1867b: 50.

298

#subnitida. 1892d: 1942b: 1897d:

#gracilior. Oecophylla smaragdina var. gracilior Forel, 1911b: 2 0 8 (w.q.) JAVA.

#annectens. Oecophylla longinoda var. annectens Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 2 3 0 (w.q.m.) ZAIRE.

^brevinodis*Oecophylla brevinodis Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 116, fig. 56 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). [Junior primary h o m o n y m of *brevinodis Andre, above.] Replacement name: *crassinoda Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 227.

smaragdina. Formica smaragdina Fabricius, 1775: 828 (q.) INDIA. Jerdon, 1851:121 (w.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953e: 176 (1.); Crozier, 1970: 115 (k.). Combination in Oecophylla: Smith, F. 1860b: 102. Senior synonym of viridis: Smith, F. 1857a: 53; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985: 127; of macra and zonata: Roger, 1863b: 10; Dalla Torre, 1893:176; of virescens: Mayr, 1 8 7 2 : 1 4 3 ; Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 1 2 7 . Current subspecies: nomi­ nal plus fuscoides, gracilior, gracillima, selebensis, sub­ nitida.

ttrubriceps. Oecophylla longinoda var. rubriceps Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 2 2 9 (w.q.m.) ZAIRE. [First available use of Oecophylla smaragdina r. fusca var. rubriceps Forel, 1913h: 354; unavailable name.] tirufescens. Oecophylla longinoda var. rufescens Santschi, 1928f:212 (w.q.) CONGO. #selebensis. Oecophylla smaragdina var. selebensis Emery, 1893e: 195 (w.) SULAWESI. Emery, 1921c: 102 (m.). *sicula. * Oecophylla sicula Emery, 1891a: 156, pi. 3, figs. 36, 37 (w.) SICILIAN AMBER (Miocene).

OEDALEOCERUS: see under

SOLENOPSIS.

OLIGOMYRMEX (World Tropics and Subtropics) aborensis. Pheidologeton (Aneleus) aborensis Wheeler, W M . 1913e: 2 3 4 (s.w.) INDIA. Combinationin Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 214; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 3 . acutus. Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma) acutus Weber, 1952: 12, figs. 26, 30 (s.w.) ZAIRE. Uaeolius. Oligomyrmexoertzenivar.aeoliapoiel, 191 Id: 338 (q.m.) TURKEY. afghanus. Oligomyrmex afghanus Pisarski, 1970: 311, figs. 10-23 (w.m.) AFGHANISTAN. africanus. Aeromyrma africana Forel, 191 Of: 15 (s.) BOTSWANA. Combination in Oligomyrmex (Aer­ omyrma): Emery, 1922f: 216. alluaudi. Oligomyrmex alluaudi Santschi, 1913e:459 (diagnosis in key) (s.w.) KENYA. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1914b: 81 (s.w., descriptions).] Senior synonym of kenyensis (unnecessary replace­ ment name): n e w s y n o n y m y . Current subspecies: nominal plus cataractae. See also: Weber, 1950a: 3. alpha. Oligomyrmex alpha Forel, 1905c: 21 (w.) JAVA.

amius. Solenopsis amia Porel, 1913f: 191 (q.) TAIWAN. Combination in Aneleus: Emery, 1923: 60; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 123. angolensis. Oligomyrmex angolensis Santschi, 1914d: 358, fig. 21 (s.w.) ANGOLA. Current subspecies: nominal plus congolensis. anophthalmus Emery, 1906; see under CAREBARA. *antiquus. * Pheidologeton antiquus Mayr, 1868c: 93, pi. 5, figs. 95, 96 (q.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 46 (w.m.). Combinationin Aeromyrma: Emery, 1891a: 577; in Erebomyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: 46; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 3 . armatus. Aneleus armatus Donisthorpe, 1948d: 596 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 3 . arnoldi Forel, 1913; see under CAREBARA. arnoldi. Pheidologeton perpusillum r. arnoldi Forel, 1914d: 242 (w.) ZIMBABWE. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of Oligomyrmex arnoldi Forel, 1913a: 123, above.] Replacement name: amoldianus Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 3 . Arnold, 1916: 255 (s.); Arnold, 1926: 2 3 8 (q.). Combination in Aneleus: Arnold, 1916: 255; in Oligomyrmex:Ettershank, 1966:123. ^amoldianus. Oligomyrmex perpusillus subsp. amoldianus Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 3 . Replacement name for arnoldi Forel, 1914d: 242. [Junior second­ ary h o m o n y m of arnoldi Forel, 1913a: 123.] arnoldiellus. Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma) amoldiella Santschi, 1919a: 340, fig. 3 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in Aeromyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 882; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 123. asinus. Oligomyrmex asinus Forel, 1902c: 2 1 4 (s.w.q.) INDIA. Imai, Baroni Urbani, etal. 1984: 7 (k.). atomus. Oligomyrmex atomusEmery, 1900c: 328, pi. 8, fig. 30 (s.w.) NEW GUINEA. Mann, 1919: 331 (q.). See also: Taylor, 1991b: 606. bengalensis. Oligomyrmex bengalensis Forel, 1902c: 217 (q.m.) INDIA. beta. Oligomyrmex beta Forel, 1905c: 22 (s.) JAVA. *bohemicus. * Pheidologeton bohemicus Novak, O. 1878: 90, pi. 3, fig. 3 (m. ?) CZECHOSLOVAKIA (Miocene). Combination in Aeromyrma: Dall^Torre, 1893:78; in Oligomyrmex: n e w c o m b i n a t i o n .

concinnus. Oligomyrmex concinnus Mayr, 1867a: 111 (q.) INDONESIA. ^congolensis. Oligomyrmex angolensis r. congolensis Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 1 7 (s.w.) ZAIRE. convexus. Oligomyrmex convexus Weber, 1950a: 6 (s.) UGANDA. corniger. Oligomyrmex comiger PotA, 1902h: 4 4 9 (s.w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. 8- Wheeler, J. 1973a: 33 (1.). Senior synonym of parvicomis: Tay­ lor, 1991b: 607. crassiusculus. Pheidologeton (Aneleus) similis var. crassiuscula Emery, 1900c: 328 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 214; in Oligomyrmex, and raised to species: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 3 . See also: Taylor, 1991b: 607.

debilis. Oligomyrmex debilis Santschi, 1913e: 459 (w.) GUINEA. Santschi, 1914d: 360 (s.w.m.). Combina­ tionin 0. (Aeromyrma); Santschi, 1919a: 337.

longiceps. Oligomyrmex longiceps Santschi, 1929d: 2 9 5 , figs. 33, 34 (w.m.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Erebomyrma: Brandao, 1991: 343; in Oligomyrmex: revived combination.

deponens. Crematogaster deponensWalker, 1859: 374 (q.) SRI LANKA. Combination in Oligomyrmex: Donisthorpe, 1932b: 576. diabolicus. Oligomyrmex diabolicus Baroni Urbani, 1969b: 74, fig. 1 (s.) CHAD. diabolus. Oligomyrmex diabolus Santschi, 1913e: 459 (diagnosis in key) (s.w.) CAMEROUN. Santschi, 1914d: 355 (s.w., descriptions). Combinationin Aneleus: Santschi, 1914d: 355; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 3 .

longii. Erebomyrma longiiWheeler, W.M. 1903a: 140, figs. 1-5 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combinationin Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 3 ; in Erebomyrma: Wilson, 1986b: 61; in Oligomyrmex: r e v i v e d c o m b i ­ nation. lucidus. Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma) lucidus Santschi, 1917b: 2 8 4 (w.) ZIMBABWE. Combination in Aer­ omyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 882; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 124. lusciosus. Oligomyrmex lusciosus Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 22 (s.w.) CHINA.

eidmanni. Erebomyrma eidmanni Menozzi, 1936a: 4 7 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. Combination in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 123; in Erebomyrma: Wilson, 1986b: 61; in Oligomyrmex: r e v i v e d c o m b i n a t i o n .

manni. Oligomyrmex (Oligomyrmex) manni Donisthorpe, 1941c: 135 (q.) NEW GUINEA.

eidmanni. Aneleus eidmanni Menozzi, 1 9 4 2 : 1 7 0 , fig. 1 (s.w.q.) FERNANDO PO I. [Junior secondary h o m ­ o n y m of Erebomyrma eidmanni Menozzi, above.] Re­ placement name: menozzii Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 4 . elmenteitae. Solenopsis (Crateropsis) elmenteitae Patrizi, 1948: 176, figs. 1, 2 (s.) KENYA. Combinationin Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 123.

frontalis. Oligomyrmex frontalis Weber, 1950a: 10, figs. 5, 6, 8 (s.w.) ZAIRE.

bruni. OligomyrmexbruniPorA, SRI LANKA.

hewitti. Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma) hewitti Santschi, 1919a: 341, fig. 3 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combina­ tion in Aeromyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 882; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 123. Junior syn­ o n y m of semilaevis: Arnold, 1926: 236.

Santschi, 1919a: 337 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. ttconcedens. Aneleus perpusillus st. concedens Santschi, 1914b: 77 (s.w.) KENYA. Combmatioriin Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 123.

leei. Oligomyrmex leei Porel, 1902c: 216 (q.) INDIA.

donisthorpei. Oligomyrmex donisthorpei Weber, 1950a: 7, fig. (s.w.) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC.

bruchi. Oligomyrmex bruchi Santschi, 1933e: 116 (q.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Erebomyrma: Branao, 1991: 343; in Oligomyrmex: r e v i v e d combination.

capreolus. Oligomyrmex (Hendecatella) capreolus Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 93, fig. 5 (s.w.m.) VIETNAM. Current subspecies: nominal plus laeviceps. ^cataractae. Oligomyrmex alluaudi vsr. cataractae

lamellifrons. Pheidologeton lamellifrons Forel, 1902c: 219 (q.) INDIA. Combination in P. (Lecanomyrma): Forel, 1913k: 58; in Aneleus (Lecanomyrma): Emery, 1922f: 215; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 3 . latro. Oligomyrmex (Oligomyrmex) latro Santschi, 1937g: 81, fig. 6 (s.w.) ZAIRE.

erythraeus. Oligomyrmex erythraeusEmery, fig. 7 (s.w.) ETHIOPIA.

butteli. Pheidologeton (Lecanomyrma) butteli Forel, 1913k: 56, fig. S (s.w.) SRI LANKA. Combinationin Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 215; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 123.

khamiensis. Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma) khamiensis Arnold, 1952a: 463, fig. 1 (w.) ZIMBABWE. #laeviceps. Oligomyrmex (Hendecatella) capreolus subsp. laeviceps Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 24 (s.) CHINA.

cribriceps. Aneleus cribricepsWheeler, W M . 1927h: 90, fig. 4 (s.w.) VIETNAM. Combination in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 123.

bouvardi. Oligomyrmex bouvardi Santschi, 1913d: 457, fig. 1 (s.w.m.) VIETNAM.

1913k: 61, fig. T (s.w.)

jeanneli. Oligomyrmex jeanneli Santschi, 1913e: 459 (diagnosis in key) (s.w.) KENYA. Santschi, 1914b: 83 (s.w., descriptions). kenyensis. Oligomyrmex kenyensis Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 3 . Unnecessary replacement name for alluaudi Santschi, 1914b: 8 1 . Junior synonym of alluaudi: n e w synonymy.

1915g: 14,

grandidieri. Oligomyrmex grandidieri Forel, 1891b: 201 (q.) MADAGASCAR. Forel, 1895c: 250 (m.).

incertus. Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma) incertus Santschi, 1919a: 340, fig. 3 (w.) ZIMBABWE. Combinationin Aeromyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 882; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 123. infimus Santschi, 1913; see under PAEDALGVS. jacobsoni. Oligomyrmex jacobsoni Potel, 1911b: 199 (s.w.) JAVA. Wheeler, G.C. 8- Wheeler, J. 1954a: 140 (1).

menozzii. Oligomyrmex menozziiEttershank, 1966:124. Replacement name for Aneleus eidmanni Menozzi, 1942: 170. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of Erebomyrma eidmanni Menozzi, 1936a: 47.] minimus. Pheidologeton (Aneleus) minimus Emery, 1900c: 327 (s.w.) NEW GUINEA. Combinationin Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 214; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 4 . mjobergi. Oligomyrmex mjobergi Forel, 1915b: 69, pi. 1, fig. 4 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. 6- Wheeler, J. 1954a: 140 (1.); Wheeler, G.C.fr Wheeler, J. 1973a: 33 (1.). morai. Erebomyrma moral Menozzi, 1931b: 2 7 1 , fig. 7 (w.) COSTA RICA. Combination in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966:124; in Erebomyrma: Brandao, 1991: 343; in Oligomyrmex: r e v i v e d c o m b i n a t i o n . nanus. Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma) nanus Santschi, 1919a: 338, fig. 3 (s.w.) MOZAMBIQUE. Combina­ tion in Aeromyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 882; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 124. nevermanni. Erebomyrma nevermannl Mann, 1926: 103 (w.) COSTARICA. Combinationin Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966:124; in Erebomyrma: Wilson, 1986b: 61; in Oligomyrmex: r e v i v e d c o m b i ­ nation. ttnicotianae. Sporocleptes nicotianae Arnold, 1948: 220, fig. 8 (w.) ZIMBABWE. Combination in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 4 . Subspecies of politus: Arnold, 1952a: 460.

Species-Group Taxa

299

OLIGOMYRMEX

(continued)

norfolkensis. Oligomyrmex manni yar. norfolkensis Donisthorpe, 1941e: 9 2 (q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Raised to species: TaylorS-Brown, D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 7 2 . nosindambo. Aeromyrmanosindambo Forel, 1891b: 199, pi. 6, fig. I (q.m.) MADAGASCAR. Forel, 1892k: 523 (s.w.),. Combination.in.Otomyrmex: Santschi, 1919a,: 339; Ettershank, 1,966: 124. oertzeni: Oligomyrmex oertzeni ForeL 1886e: clxv, fig. 3, (q.) GREECE. Current subspecies: nominal plus aeolius. overbecki. Oligomyrmex overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916a: 136, fig. 5 (s.w.m.) SINGAPORE. See also: Moff ett, 1986a: 107:. pachycerusForel, 1915; see under SOLENOPSIS. paetus. Aneleuspaetus Santschi, 1937d: 230, figs. 11, 12 (q.) ANGOLA. Combinationin Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966; 124. panamensis. Oligomyrmex panamensis Wheeler, WM1925d: 175, fig. 7 (s.w.) PANAMA- Combinationin Erebomyrma: Wilson, 1986b: 61; i n Oligomyrmex: revived combination. parvicornis, Oligomyrmex corniger yar. parvicornis ForeL 1915b: 70 .(s.w.m.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler G-C. 6Wheeler, J. 1954a: 138 (L). Raised to species: Wheeler, G.C. fr Wheeler, J. 1954a: 138. Subspecies of cornier; Taylor fr Brown, D,R. 1 9 8 5 : 7 2 . Junior synonym of corniger: Taylor, 1991b: 607. perpusillus. Pheidologeton perpusillum Emery, l&95h: 26, pi. 2, figs, 8 - 1 1 (s.w.), SOOTH AFRICA. Combi­ nation inP, (Aneleus): Emery, 1900c: 327; in,Aneleus: Santschi, 191,4b: 77; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966:124. Current subspecies: nominajplus amoldianus, concedens, spinosus. See also: Arnold, 1916:254. peruyiqnus. Erebomyrma peruviana.Emery, 19,06c: 139 (foomote) (q.) PERU. Combination in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 124; i n Erebomyrma: Brandao, 1991: 343; in Otomyrmex- r e v i v e d c o m b i n a t i o n . petulcus. Aeromyrma petulca Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 166, fig. 4 0 ( s . ) ZAIRE. C o m b m a d o n i n Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 124. politus. Aneleus politus Santschi 1,914b: 79, fig. 8,(w.) KENYA, Consani, 1951: 170 (q.). Combinationin Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966:124. Current sub­ species: npminaLplus nicotianae. polyphemus. Oligomyrmex polyphemus Wheeler; W . M 1928c: 21 (s.) CHINA.

sauterf Oligomyrmex sauteri For A, 1912a: 56 (s.) TAI­ WAN, Hung, Im^i & Kubota, 1972: 1024 (k.). semilqevis. Solpu)psissemitaevis'Mayr. 1901b: 15, (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in Oligomyrmex- (Aer­ omyrma): Emery, )9,15c: 59 (in text); in Aeromyrma: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 882; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966; 124-. Senior synonym of hewitti: Arnold. 1 9 2 6 : 2 3 6 , silvestrii. Aneleus silvestrii'Santschi, 19I4d: 357, fig. 20 (s.w.). GHANA. Bernard, 1953b: 23.9 (m,). Combina­ tion in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966; 124. silvestrii: Oligomyrmex silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1,928c: 2 3 (s.w.) CHINA. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of silvestrii Santschi, above.], Replacement name: wheeleri Ettershank, 1966:. 124.

300

Species-Group Taxa

villiersi. Nimbamyrma villiersi Bernard, 1953b: 2 4 1 , fig, 12 (w.) GUINEA. Combination in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 124.

wheeleri. Oligomyrmex wheeleri Ettershank, 1966: 124. Replacement name for Oligomyrmex silvestrii Wheeler, 1928c: 23. [Junior secondary h o m o m / m of Aneleussilyesp-ii Santschi, I914d: 357.J

spdolis. Oligomyrmex corniger subsp. sodalis Emery, 1914f: 412 (s.w.q.m.) NEW CALEDONIA. Raised to species: Taylor, 1991b: 607. *spphiae. *Aeromyrma sophiaeP.me.ry, 1891a: 151, pi. 2, figs, 17, 18 (m.) SICILIAN, AMBER (Miocene). Com­ binationin, Oligomyrmex n e w c o m b i n a t i o n . ttspinosus. Pheidologeton. (Aneleus) perpusillus subsp, spinosusFosel, 1907a: 17 (s,) TANZANIA. Combina­ tion in Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 214; in Oligomyrmex: n e w combination. stenopterus. OligomyrmexstenopterusKusnezov, 1952f: 184, fig. 2. (q.) ARGENTINA. Combination in Erebomyrma: Brandao, 1991: 343; in Oligomyrmex: revived combination. sublatro. Oligomyrmex sublatro Forel, 1913k: 59 (s.w.) JAVA. subreptor.

Oligomyrmexsubreptor Emery, 1900c: 329

(w.) NEW GUINEA, sundaicus. Aeromyrmasundaica

yorax. Aeromyrma vorax Santschi 1914d: 3,5,8 (w.) GHANA. Combination in. Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma): Emery, 1922f: 216.

vyeyerL Solenopsis• (Solenops) weyeri Karavaiev, 1930a: 207, fig. 1 (w.q.) INDONESIA (AmbonI.). Combina­ tion in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966:124, wroughtonii. Solenopsis wrpughtoniiForel, 1902c: 2 ) 4 (w.) INDIA. Combination, in Oligomyrmex^ (Aeromyrma);.Emery, 1915c: 59 (ip. text);Ettershank^*' 1966: 124. ONYCHOMYRMEX

(Australia)

doddi-. Onychomyrmex• dodSWheAer,

vy,M. 19)6a: 53,,

pL 2, figs, 3T5, (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. hedleyu Onychomyrmex hedleyi Emery, 1895g: 350, fig. 2 (w.) AUSTRALIA, ForeL 1915b: 4 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1964b: 4 5 4 (1,). See also: Wheeler. W.M. 1916a: 50. mjobergi. Onychomyrmex mjobergi FpreL 1915b: 2, fig. I; pi. 1, fig. 3 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, W.M. l 916a: 52 (q.L); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: ;

Forel, 1913k: 63 (w.)

SUMATRA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1954a: 140 (1.). Combination in Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma): Emery, 1922f: 216, tahitiensis. Oligomyrmex tahitiensis Wheeler, W.M. 1936f: 11 (q.m.) TAHITIAN IS. Perrault, 1 9 7 6 : 3 0 4 (S.W.).

taprobanae. Oligomyrmex taprobanae Forel, 19111:219 (S.w.) SRI LANKA.

1935a: 96, fig. 21 (s.) SUMATRA.

combination. viehmeyeri. Oligomyrmex viehmeyeri Mann, 1 9 1 9 : 3 3 1 , fig, 25 (s.w.q.m-) SOLOMON IS.

similis. Solenopsis similis Mayr, 1862:. 7.51 (w.) NICpBAR IS, Combination in Pheidologeton (Aneleus): Emery, 1900C.327; in Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 214; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966:124.

raja. Oligomyrmex ra/u Forel, 1902c: 216 (q.) INDIA. rothneyi. Oligomyrmex rothneyi Pot A, 1902c: 21-$ (q.m.) INDIA.

Emery, 190lg: 578, fig. D (s.w.q.) SULAWESI. [P. (A.) sarasinorum Emery, 1900c: 327. Nomen nudum.] satanus. Oligomyrmex (Oligomyrmex) satanusKaravaiev,

Wilson, 1962a: 63; Wilson, 1986b; 61; in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 4 , and! current

voeltzkowi. Oligomyrmex voeltzkowi Fore], 190,7g: 77 (q.) MADAGASCAR.

taiponicus. Oligomyrmex silvestrii subsp. taiponicus Wheeler, W M . 1928c: 2 4 (s.) CHINA. Raised to spe­ cies: n e w s t a t u s .

santschii. Oligomyrmex santschii Weber, 1943c: 363, pi. ' 15, figs. 4, 16 (s.w.) SUDAN. sarasinorum, Pheidologeton (Aneleus) sarasinorum

fig. 1 (w.) TRINIDAD. Combination in Erebomyrma:

simalurensis. Pheidologeton (Aneleus) pygmaeus var. simalurensis Forel, 1915a: 27 (s.w.q.) SUMATRA, Wheeler, W.M. 1924b: 2 4 6 (m.). Combination in Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 214; in Oligomyrmex, and raised to species: Enershank, 1966: 124.

punctatus. Aneleus (Aneleus) punctatus Karavaiev 1931d: 4 3 , fig. 2 (w.) KENYA. Combinationin Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966; 124.

rugatus. Oligomyrmexrugqtus Forel, 1913k: 60 (s.m.) JAVA.

status as species: Santschi, 1919a: 338; Emery, 1922f: 216; Arnold. 1 9 2 6 : 2 3 3 . ugandanus, Aeromyrma ugqhdqnq Santschi, 1923e: 279 (q.) UGANDA, Combination in Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 2 4 , urichi. Spelaeomyrmex urichi Wheeler, W.M- 1922c: 45,

thoracicus. Oligomyrmex thoracicus Weber, 1950a; 13, figs, 11, 1 4 , 1 5 , 1 9 (s.w.) UGANDA. See also: Weber, 1952:9. *thorali. •'•Erebomyrma thorali Theobald, 1937a: 157, fig. 1 (m.) FRANCE (Oligocene). Combinationin Oligomyrmex: n e w c o m b i n a t i o n . traegaordhi. Aeromyrma traegaordhi SantschL 19,14e: 20, fig. 2 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA.. Combination i n Oligomyrmex (Aeromyrma): Santschi, 19,19a: 338. Variety otsemilaevis: Santschi, 19L7b: 2 8 5 . Revived

638(1.). OOCERAEA: see under

CERAPACHYS.

OPHTHALMOPONE: see under

PACHYCONDYLA.

OPISTHOPSIS (Indp-Australian, Australasian) ttaruanus. Opisthopsis manni yar. aruanaKarayaiey, 1933a: 316 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru L). ^bimaculatus. Opisthopsis pictus var. bimaculatus Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 352 (w.) AUSTRALIA. diadematus. Opisthopsis diadematus Wheeler, WM. 1918d: 357, pi. 3, figs, 20, 21 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Cur­ rent subspecies: nominal plus dubius. #dubius. Opisthopsis diadematus var. dubius Wheeler, W M , 1918d: 358 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. haddoni. OpisthopsishqddoniEmery, 1893e: 2 2 6 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 355 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. fr Wheeler, J, 1968: 215. (1.). Current subspecies: nominal plus rufoniger. halmahe-rqe. Opisthopsis halmaherae Karavaiev, 1930a: 210, fig. 2(w.q.m.) INDONESIA (Halmahera I.) jocosus. Opisthopsis jocosus Wheeler, W.M. 19,18d: 359, pi. 3. figs, 2 2 - 2 4 , (w.) AUSTRALIA.

ttlepidus. Opisthopsis pictus var. lepidus Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 352, pi. 1, figs. 3, 4 (w.) AUSTRALIA. lienosus. Opisthopsis lienosus Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 356, pi. 2, figs. 9, 10 (w.) AUSTRALIA. linnaei. Opisthopsis linnaei Forel, 1901b: 26 (w.) BIS­ MARCK ARCHIPELAGO. major. Opisthopsis mo/or Forel, 1902h: 4 9 2 (w.q.) AUS­ TRALIA. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 358. manni. Opisthopsis manni Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 361, pi. 3, figs. 25, 26 (w.q.) SOLOMON IS. Current sub­ species: norninal plus aruanus. maurus. Opisthopsis maurus Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 350, pi. 3, figs. 1 8 , 1 9 (w.) AUSTRALIA. if moestus. Opisthopsis respiciens var. moestus Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 348 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. oculata. Formica oculata Smith, F. 1859a: 137 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.) [Junior primary h o m o n y m of *Formica oculata Heer, 1850:143.] Combinationin Opisthopsis: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 5 2 . Replacement name: panops: n e w n a m e . ipalliatus. Opisthopsis pictus var. palliatus Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 352, pi. 3, fig. 28 (w.) AUSTRALIA. panops. Opisthopsis panops new n a m e . Replacement name for Formica oculata Smith, F. 1859a: 137. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of *Formica oculata Heer, 1850: 143.] pictus. Opisthopsis pictus Emery, 1895g: 354, fig. 5 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus bimaculatus, lepidus, palliatus. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 350. respiciens. Formica (Myrmecopsis) respiciens Smith, F. 1865: 68, pi. 4, fig. 3 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Forel, 1893d: 461 (q.). Combination in Myrmecopsis: Mayr, 1876: 76; in Opisthopsis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 219. Cur­ rent subspecies: nominal plus moestus. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1918d: 347. rufithorax. Opisthopsis rufithorax Emery, 1895g: 354, fig. 5 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Forel, 1915b: 95 (q.); "wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1970: 648 (1.); Imai, Crozier & Taylor, 1977: 347 (k.). See also: Wheeler, W.M. I918d: 353. Urufoniger. Opisthopsis haddoni subsp. rufoniger Forel, 1910b: 70 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, W.M.x I 9 I 8 d : 356 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1 9 6 8 : 2 1 6 (1.). OPISTHOSCYPHUS: see under ORECTOGNATHUS

GNAMPTOGENYS.

(Australasian, N e w Guinea)

alligator. Orectognathus alligatorTaylor, 1980a: 778, figs. 4 - 6 (w.) AUSTRALIA. [O. alligatorTaylor, 1978b: 9; unavailable name.] antennatus. Orectognathus antennatus Smith, F. 1853: 228, pi. 21, fig. 9 (w.) NEW ZEALAND. Brown, 1953k: 99 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1973c: 213 (1.). Senior synonym oi septentrionalis: Brown, 1953k: 99. See also: Brown, 1958h: 36. biroi. Orectognathus biroi Szabo, 1926: 351, fig. B (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Arnoldidris: Brown, 1950c: 145; in Orectognathus: Taylor, 1977: 583. chyzeri. Orectognathus chyzerl Emery, 1897c: 5 7 1 , pi. 14, figs. 1, 2 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Arnoldidris: Brown, 1950c: 145; in Orectognathus: Taylor, 1977: 583.

clarki. Orectognathus clarkiBrown, 1953k: 94, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955a: 126 (I); Crozier, 1968b: 87 (k.), coccinatus. Orectognathus coccinatus Taylor, 1980a: 779, figs. 7 - 9 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. [0. coccinatus Taylor, 1978b: 9; unavailable name.] csikii, Orectognathus csikii Szabo, 1926: 351, fig. A (w.) NEW GUINEA. See also: Brown, 1953k: 100, darlingtoni. Orectognathus darlingtoni Taylor, 1977: 606, figs. 3 1 - 3 6 (w.q.k.) AUSTRALIA. Imai, Crozier fr Taylor, 1977: 349 (k.). echinus. Orectognathus echinus Taylor frLowery, 1972: 310, pi. 2 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986f: 495 (1.). elegantulus. Orectognathus elegantulus Taylor, 1977: 589, figs. 11-13 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. horvathi. Orectognathus horvathi Szabo, 1926: 349, fig.

sexspinosus. OrectOghdihus sexspinosus Forel, 1915b: 39, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. s'zehtivdhyi. Arnoldidris szentivanyi BrOwn, 1958b: 18, figs. 1, 2 .) NEW CALEDONIA. occipitalis. Pheidole occipitalis Andre, 1890: 321 (s.w.) SIERRA LEONE. Current subspecies: norninal plus

legitima.

adami, neutralis.

ttnkomoana. Pheidole megacephala r. nkomoana Forel, 1916: 415 (s.w.q.m.) ZAIRE. noda. Pheidole nodus Smith, F. 1 8 7 4 : 4 0 7 (s.) JAPAN. Forel, 1900e: 268 (w.); Wheeler, W M . 1906c: 3 0 9 (q.); Ogata, 1 9 8 2 : 1 9 6 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. &

106.]

Wheeler, J. 1953b: 75 (1); Imai & Kubota, 1972:

neomexicana Wheeler, W.M. 1 9 0 8 e : 4 3 6 (s.w.)

197 (k.); Imai & Kubota, 1975: 391 ( k ) . Senior syn­ o n y m of micantiventris, praevexata and rhombinoda:

oceanica. Pheidole oceanica Mayr, 1866a: 510 (s.w.q^i.) FUI IS. Senior s y n o n y m of boraborensis, pattesoni, upoluana: Wilson & Taylor, 1 9 6 7 : 4 8 . ocellifera Smith, F. 1858; see under PHEIDOLOGETON. odor. Pheidole variabilis r. odor Forel, 1915b: 58 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. oculata. Aphaenogaster oculata Emery, 1899f: 276 (q.)

U . S A . Unavailable name; material referred to col­

Yasumatsu, 1962: 96. Current subspecies: nominal

MADAGASCAR. Combination in Parapheidole:

oradensis by Creighton, 1950a: 187.

plus azumai, flebilis, formosensis, Stella, taprobanae

Emery, 1915d: 68; in Phddole: Smith, D.R. 1979:

#neutralis. Pheidole occipitalis st. neutralis Santschi, 1914d: 3 3 6 (s.w.) GUINEA. ttnevadensis. Pheidole pubiventris var. nevadensis Forel, 1901e: 353 (s.w.q.) COLOMBIA. nevadensis. Pheidole califomica subsp. nevadensis Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 408 (s.w.q.) U.S.A. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of nevadensis F o r e ! above.] Re­ placement name: pyramidensis Emery, 1922e: 105. nexa. Pheidole spinulosa r. messalina var. nexa Forel, 1913a: 129 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. Unavailable name. niapuana. Pheidole niapuana Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 136, fig. 34 (s.w.) ZAIRE. Junior synonym of pulchella: Santschi, 1930a: 59. nietneri. Pheidole nietneri Emery, 1901f: 118 (s.w.) SRI LANKA. ttnigella. Pheidole fabricator var. nigella Emery, 1894c: 155 (s.w.) BOLIVIA. nigeriensis. Pheidole nigeriensis Santschi, 1914d: 3 4 0 (s.) NIGERIA. #nigra. Pheidole constanciae var. nigra Forel, 1902c: 177 (s.), 194 (w.q.) INDIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 543.] nigrescens. Pheidole guilelmimuelleri st. antillana var. nigrescens Pore), 1893g: 4 0 4 (s.w.q.) ANTILLES IS. Unavailable name.

(junior h o m o n y m ) . nodgii. Pheidole nodgii Porel, 1905c: 16 (s.w.q.) JAVA. Viehmeyer, 1916a: 119 (m.). [Misspelled as noggii by Wheeler, W M . 1930h: 63.] Current subspecies:

Species-Group Taxa

1366. ttocyma. Pheidole variabilis r. ocyma Forel, 1915b: 59 (s.w.q.) AUSTRALIA. ogloblini. Pheidole ogloblini Kusnezov, 1952b: 85

nominal plus maxwellensis, tjibodana, verlatenensis,

(s.w.q.) ARGENTINA. Junior s y n o n y m of

zoceana.

bambusarum: Kempf, 1972b: 4 5 0 .

nodifera. Atta nodifer Smith, F. 1858b: 165 (w.) CHINA. Combination in Pheidole: Mayr, 1886c: 360. norfolkensis. Pheidole ampla subsp. norfolkensis Wheeler, W M . 1927i: 134, fig. 3 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. Donisthorpe, 1 9 4 1 e : 9 1 (q.m.). Junior s y n o n y m of vigilans: Brown, 1971b: 13. notabilis Smith, F. 1860; see under

ACANTHOMYRMEX. #nubila. Pheidole triconstricta var. nubila Emery, 1906c: 153 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. Santschi, 1919f: 4 0 . nuculiceps. Pheidole nuculiceps Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 4 7 3 (s.w.) U.S.A. nugax. Pheidole flavens subsp. asperithorax var. nugox Forel 1908c: 380 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable name. obnixa. Pheidole arciruga r. obnixa Forel 1912f: 2 3 6 (w.) ARGENTINA. Forel, 19131:231 (s.q.). Combi­ nation in P. (Elasmopheidole): Bruch, 1 9 1 4 : 2 1 9 . Raised to species: Santschi, 1925e: 157. trobscura. Pheidole pallidula var. obscura Santschi, 1936c: 200. Replacement n a m e for emeryi Krausse, 1912a:

326

Per­

TANZANIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus

[Junior primary h o m o n y m of longiceps Mayr, 1876: neomexicana. Pheidole pilifera subsp. coloradensis var.

obtusospinosa. Pheidole obtusospinosa Pergande, 1896: 889 (s.) MEXICO. Junior synonym oisubdentata

Current subspecies: nominal plus daguerrei, pamp­

283. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of Pheidole kohli

Santschi, 1926d: 7 (q.). Current subspecies: nomi­ nal plus heterothrix.

gande: Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 50; hence first avail­

281 (q.m.). Raisedto species: Emery, 1906c: 154.

Mayr, 1901b: 11 (footnote).]

obtusopilosa. Pheidole obtusopilosa Mayr, 1887: 586 (s.),

dimidiata: Emery, 1922e: 107.

petax.

ment name for Anergatides kohli Wasmann, 1915b:

fig. 8 (s.) EGYPT. Junior synonym oi jordanica: Finzi,

1896g: 79 (s.w.) COSTARICA. Subspecies of

MADAGASCAR. Current subspecies: nominal plus

neokohli. Pheidole neokohli Wilson, 1984: 328. Replace­

Santschi, 1923d: 58; unavailable name.] obtusa. Pheidole megacephala r. obtusa Stitz, 1917: 340,

602 (w.) URUGUAY. Santschi, 1917f: 278 (m.);

(S.w.) GUINEA.

1888e: 693 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. Santschi, 1929d:

SUMATRA.

Naves, 1985: 61 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. [First available

1936: 161.

528.

nemoralis. Pheidole nemoralis Forel, 1892k: 526 (s.w.)

trnenia. Pheidole elisae var. nenia Forel, 1913k: 30 (s.w.)

xliv (s.w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1893g: 4 1 0 (q.m.). ttobscurithorax. Pheidole fallax subsp. obscurithorax use of Pheidole fallax st. arenicola var. obscurithorax

(S.w.) GUINEA.

nindi. PheidolenindiMarm,

#obscurior. Pheidole susannae r. obscurior Porel, 1886b:

onifera. Phddole onifera Mann, 1 9 2 1 : 4 2 7 , fig. 12 (s.w.) FIJI IS. opaca. Phddole opaca Mayr, 1862: 749 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1899c: 69 (q.); Borgmeier, 1934: 97 (q.). Junior s y n o n y m of cephalica: Kempf, 1965: 183. opador. Phddole proxima subsp. transversa var. opador Forel, 1910b: 4 4 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. Unavailable n a m e (Taylor, 1986: 34). #opacissima. Phddole radoszkowskii var. opacissima Forel, 1901e: 364 (s.w.) JAMAICA. opativentris. Phddole opaciventris Mayr, 1 8 7 6 : 1 0 5 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. optiva. Pheidole optiva Forel, 1901c: 132 (s.w.) MEX­ ICO. #orba. Pheidole anthradna r. orba Forel, 1902h: 421 (s.w.q.) AUSTRALIA. orbica. Pheidole orbica Forel, 1893g:415 (s.w.q.m.) ANTILLES IS. ttoregonica. Phddole oregonica Emery, 1895c: 291 (s.w.) U . S A . Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 4 0 7 (q.). Subspecies

of califomica: Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 407; Creighton, 1950a: 173. Senior synonym of hagermani: Creighton, 1950a: 173; of shoshoni: Gregg, 1959: 19. orientalis. Pheidole pallidula subsp. orientalis Muller, 1923: 69 (s.w.) RUSSIA. [First available use of Pheidole pallidula subsp. arenarum var. orientalis Emery, 1915j: 230; unavailable name.] Karavaiev, 1926b: 107 (q.m.); Menozzi, 1936d: 2 8 0 (1.). Junior synonym of pallidula:Baroni Urbani, 1964a: 3; Atanassov & DIussky, 1 9 9 2 : 1 2 3 . oswaldi. Pheidole oswaldi Forel, 1891b: 173 (s.w.q.m.) MADAGASCAR. Current subspecies: nominal plus decollata. #ovalis. Pheidole fallax var. ovalis Forel, 1912f:221 (s.) JAMAICA. toxymora. Pheidole gauthieri var. oxymora Forel, 1912f: 233 (S.w.) PANAMA. oxyops. Pheidole oxyops Fore! 1908c: 377 (s.q.) PARAGUAY. Forel, 1911c: 303 (w.m.). Senior syn­ o n y m oi genalis and regia: Kempf, 1964e: 58. pabulator Smith, F. 1860; see under PHEIDOLOGETON. pachyderma; see under trachyderma. ttpacifica. Pheidole xerophila subsp. pacifica Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 4 0 4 (s.w.q.m.) U . S A . Subspecies of pilifera: Creighton, 1950a: 187. paiute. Pheidole bicarinata subsp. paiute Gregg, 1959: 17 (s.w.) U.S.A. Raised to species: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1973e: 75. ^palawanica. Pheidole plagiaria r. palawanica Stitz, 1925: 118 (s.) PHILIPPINES.

ttparviceps. Pheidole ampla var. parviceps Forel, 1915b: 57 (s.) AUSTRALIA. ttparvinoda. Pheidole radoszkowskii r. parvinoda Forel, 1912f: 2 2 3 (s.w.) BRAZIL. ^parvispina, Pheidole variabilis r. parvispina Forel, 1902h: 4 2 4 (s.w.m.) AUSTRALIA. pattesoni. Pheidole oceanica var. pattesoniMaim, 1919: 317 (s.w.) SOLOMON IS. Junior synonym of oce­ anica: Wilson 6- Taylor, 1967: 48. Upectinata. Pheidole javana var. pectinata Stitz, 1912: 504 (s.) INDONESIA (Seram I.). Subspecies oi fervens: current status. peguensis. Pheidole latinoda subsp. peguensis Emery, 1895k: 4 6 8 (s.w.) BURMA. Raised to species: Forel, 1902c: 182. Current subspecies: nominal plusyomensis. 1-pellax. Pheidole rohani st. pellax Santschi, 1930b: 63, fig. 2 (s.w.) ANGOLA. ttpencosensis. Pheidole spininodis var. pencosensis Forel, 1914d:271 (s.w.q.m.) ARGENTINA. penetrans. Pheidolepenetralis Smith, F. 1863: 23 (w.) INDONESIA (MisoolL). pennsylvanica. Pheidole pennsylvanica Roger, 1863a: 199 (s) U . S A . Mayr, 1886d: 4 5 6 (s.w.q.m.). Junior syn­ onym of pilifera: Emery, 1895c: 290. pennsylvanica. Atta pennsylvanica Buckley, 1867: 345 (s.w.) U . S A . Combination in Pheidole: Emery, 1895c: 338. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of pen­ nsylvanica Roger, above.] Replacement name: buck­ leyi: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 806. #peradeniyae. Pheidole latinoda var. peradeniyae Forel,

pallidula. Myrmica pallidula Nylander, 1 8 4 9 : 4 2 (w.) SICILY. Mayr, 1 8 5 5 : 4 5 7 (s.q.m.); Vandel, 1 9 3 1 : 1 1 4 (gynandromorph); Hauschteck, 1961:221 (k.). Combination in Oecophthora:Mayr, 1 8 5 5 : 4 5 5 ; in Pheidole: Smith, 1858b: 173. Subspecies of megacephala: Emery 6- Forel, 1 8 7 9 : 4 6 3 ; Forel, 1890a: lxxvi; Emery, 1891b: 13. Revived status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 94; Ruzsky, 1902d: 26. Senior synonym of subdentata: Mayr, 1855:456; of orientalis: Baroni Urbani, 1964a: 3; Atanassov &• DIussky, 1 9 9 2 : 1 2 3 ; of cicatricosa: Collingwood, 1978: 68; of inquilina:Bolton, 1987: 291; of arenarum: Atanassov &• DIussky, 1 9 9 2 : 1 2 3 . Current subspecies: nominal plus inermis (junior h o m ­ onym), koshewnikovi, obscura, recticeps, tristis (junior h o m o n y m ) . See also: Emery, 1915J: 226; Wheeler, W M . 1937c: 38; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 70. #pampana. Pheidole nitidula st. pampana Santschi, 1929d: 283, figs. 6-8 (s.w.m.) ARGENTINA.

191 li: 222 (s.w.q.) SRI LANKA. #perakensis. Pheidole huberi var. perakensis Forel, 1911 d: 376 (s.w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Forel, 191 Id: 386 (q.).

parallela. Pheidole ampla var. parallela Forel, 1902h: 435 (s.w.m.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of vigilans: Brown, 1971b: 13. #paranana. Pheidole triconstricta var. paranana Santschi, 1925b: 13 (s.) BRAZIL.

2 4 (s.w.q.) AUSTRALIA. ^perversa, Pheidole perversa Forel, 1908c: 373 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Subspecies of strobeli: Emery, 1922e: 101; of nitidula: Kempf, 1972a: 197. #petax. Pheidole nemoralis var. petax Forel, 1895h: 488 (s.w.) MADAGASCAR.

parasitica. Pheidole parasitica Wilson, 1984: 321, fig. 3 (q.) INDIA. #particeps. Pheidole berthoudi var. particeps Santschi, 1921c: 116 (w.) TANZANIA. Subspecies of sculpturata: current status. partita. Pheidole partita Mayr, 1887: 590 (s.), 604 (w.) BRAZIL. parva. Pheidole parva Mayr, 1865: 98, p ! 4, fig. 28 (s.w.) SRI LANKA. Bingham, 1903: 245 (q.). Cur­ rent subspecies: nominal plus decanica.

peregrina, Pheidole peregrina Wheeler, WJvl. 19161: 181 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. pergandei Donisthorpe, 1950 [Ceratopheidole]; see under APHAENOGASTER. pemiciosa. Oecophthora pemiciosa Gerstacker, 1859: 263 (w.) MOZAMBIQUE. [Also described as n e w by Gerstacker, 1862: 516.] Combination in Pheidole: Roger, 1863b: 31. Junior synonym of megacephala: Emery, 1915j:235. perpusilla. Pheidole flavens subsp. perpusilla Emery, 1894c: 157 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. Combination in P. (Decapheidole): Forel, 1912f: 237. Raised to species: Emery, 1896g: 80. trpersonata. Pheidole minutula var. personata Santschi, 1929d:291 (s.w.) GUIANA. ^perthensis. Pheidole ampla r. perthensis Crawley, 1922c:

phipsoni. Pheidole phipsoni Forel, 1902c: 172 (s.), 190 (w.) INDIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 541.] picata. Pheidole megacephala var. picata Forel, 1891b: 178 (s.w.) MADAGASCAR. Race/subspecies of megacephala: Forel, 1895a: 49; of punctulata: Forel 1897c: 186; Forel 1905b: 163; Santschi, 1910c: 370. Raised to species: Emery, 1915J: 245; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 1019. Current subspecies: nominal plus bemhardae, gietleni. picea. Attapicea Buckley, 1867: 344 (s.w.) U.S.A. Com­ bination in Pheidole: Emery, 1895c: 338. Unrecognis­ able taxon; incertae sedis in Pheidole: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 806. picea. Pheidole picea Mayr, 1870b: 9 8 8 (s.w.) MEXICO. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of picea Buckley, above.] Replacement name: piceonigra Emery, 1922e: 109. piceonigra. Pheidole piceonigra Emery, 1922e: 109. Re­ placement name for picea Mayr, 1870b: 988. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of Atta picea Buckley, 1967: 344.] pieli. Pheidolepieli Santschi, 1925f: 83 (s.w.) CHINA. Ogata, 1982:195 (m.). pilifera. Leptothoraxpilifer Roger, 1863a: 180 (w.) U.S.A. Emery, 1895c: 290 (s.); Wheeler, G.C. &• Wheeler, J. 1953b: 79 (1). Combination in Pheidole: Emery, 1895c: 290. Senior synonym of pennsylvanica: Emery, 1895c: 290; oi septentrionalis, and material of the unavailable name simulans referred here: Creighton, 1950a: 186. Current subspecies: nominal plus artemisia, coloradensis, pacifica. piliventris. Atta piliventris Smith, F. 1858b: 169 (q.) BRAZIL. Combination in Pheidole: Mayr, 1886c: 360. pinealis. Pheidole pinealis Wheeler, WJvl. 1908e: 459, pi. 27, fig. 38 (s.w.) U . S A . plagiaria. Pheidole plagiaria Smith, F. 1860b: 112 (s.w.) INDONESIA (Batjan I.). Senior synonym of divergens: Mayr, 1879: 675 (in key). Current subspe­ cies: norninal plus moica, palawanica, rectilineata. planifrons. Pheidole planifrons Santschi, 1920h: 166, fig. 1 (s.w.) VIETNAM. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1924c: 105.] platensis. Pheidole flavens r. tuberculata var. platensis Forel, 1914d: 2 7 3 (s.w.m.) ARGENTINA. Unavail­ able name. ttplatycephala. Pheidole platycephala Stitz, 1916: 380, fig. 3 (s.w.) ZAIRE. Variety/subspecies of schoutedeni: Arnold, 1920a: 4 5 0 (in text); Wheeler, W M . 1922a: 819. platypus. Pheidole platypus Crawley, 1915b: 2 3 4 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. plebecula. Pheidole plebecula Forel, 1899c: 68 (s.) COSTARICA. plinii. Pheidole plinii Forel, 1911a: 4 0 (s.w.q.) BOR­ NEO.

petiolicola. Pheidole cramptoni subsp. petiolicola Wheeler, W M . 1921f: 147 (s.w.) GUIANA. Junior synonym of cramptoni: Kempf & Brown, 1968: 97.

ttpluto. Pheidole crassinoda var. pluto Arnold, 1920a: 473 (s.w.) MOZAMBIQUE. ttpolita. Pheidole fabricator var. polita Emery, 1894c: 155

philemon. Pheidolephilemon Forel, 1910b: 4 4 (s.w.m.) SOLOMON IS.

(s.w.) BOLIVIA. polita. Pheidole exasperata var. polita Viehmeyer, 1914d:

philippi. Pheidole philippiEmery, OPIA.

1915g: 8 (s.w.) ETHI­

606 (s.w.) SINGAPORE. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of polita Emery, above.] Replacement name: concordia Santschi, 1916d: 242.

Species-Group Taxa

327

PHEIDOLE

(continued)

politocciput. Pheidole prelli st. redbankensis var. politocciput Santschi, 1916b: 503 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. Unavail­ able name. porcula. Pheidole crassicornis subsp. porcula Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 466, pi. 27, fig. 35 (s.w.) U.S.A. Taber fr Cokendolpher, 1988: 95 (k.). Raised to species: Creighton, 1950a: 187. poweri. Pheidole spinulosa r. messalina var. poweri Forel, 1914d: 241 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Unavailable name. ttpraedo. Pheidole variabilis r. praedo Forel, 1902h: 4 2 6 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. praetermissa. Pheidole punctatissima subsp. jamaicensis var. praetermissa Wheeler, W.M. 1937b: 4 4 6 (s.w.) CUBA. Unavailable name. praeusta. Pheidolepraeusta Roger, 1863a: 197 (s.) COLOMBIA. Forel, 190Ie: 361 (w.). praevexata. Pheidole nodus var. praevexata Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 3 (s.w.q.) JAPAN. Junior synonym of noda: Yasumatsu, 1962: 9 6 . prelli. Pheidole prelli Forel, 191 Id: 362 (s.w.q.m.) KENYA. Current subspecies: nominal plus ingenita, redbankensis. pronotalis. Pheidolepronotalis Porel, 1902c: 173 (s.), 190 (w.) SRI LANKA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 541.] proserpina. Pheidole proserpina Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 437 (s.w.) U . S A . Junior synonym of sciophila: Creighton fr Gregg, 1 9 5 5 : 1 9 . #protea. Pheidole javana subsp. proteus Fore! 1912n: 5 5 (s.) SUMATRA. Subspecies oi fervens: current status. providens. Attaprovidens Sykes, 1835: 103, pi. 13, fig. 5 (s.) INDIA. Combination in Pheidole: Westwood, 1839: 219. [Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 2 0 (footnote) suggests that this name may be synonymous with indica.] proxima. Pheidole proxima Mayr, 1876: 104 (s.w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus bombalensis, transversa. psammophila.

Pheidole psammophila Creighton fr

Gregg, 1955: 15, figs. 4, 5 (S.w.) U.S.A. ttpseudola. Pheidole (Ischnomyrmex) longipes r. pseudola Forel, 1915a: 2 8 (s.w.q.m.) SUMATRA. #pubens. Pheidole foreli var. pubensPorel, 1910f: 12 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Forel I 9 1 0 e : 4 3 6 (q.m.). pubiventris. Pheidole pubiventris Mayr, 1887: 595 (s.), 6 0 4 (w.), 607 (q.) BRAZIL. Current subspecies: nominal plus cearensis, foederalis, impia, nevadensis, timmii, variegata. ttpugnax. Pheidole radoszkowskii subsp. pugnax Dalla Torre, 1892: 9 1 . Replacement name for militaris Emery, 1890b: 49. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of militaris Smith, F. 1860a: 74.] pulchella. Pheidole pulchella Santschi, 1910c: 360 (w.) CONGO. [Misspelled as putchella by Emery, 192 If: 89.] Senior synonym of niapuana: Santschi 1930a: 59. Current subspecies: nominal plus achantella. ftpullata. Pheidole mentita var. pullota Santschi, 1914d: 339 (s.w.) GUINEA. ttpulliventris. Pheidole bergi st. pulliventris Santschi, 1929d:288 (s.) BRAZIL. ttpullula. Pheidole silvestrii var. pullula Santschi, 191 lb: 53 (s.w.q.) ARGENTINA.

328

Species-Group Taxa

punctatissima. Pheidole punctatissima Mayr, 1870a: 4 0 0 (s.w.) MEXICO. Forel, 1908b: 52 (q.). Senior syn­ o n y m of napaea: Brown, 1981: 525. Current subspe­ cies: nominal plus annectens, insulana, jamaicensis. punctithorax. Pheidole punctithorax Borgmeier, 1929: 210, pi. 7, fig. 5 (s.w.) BRAZIL. punctulata. Pheidole punctulata Mayr, 1866b: 899 (s.) SOUTH AFRICA. Arnold, 1920a: 421 (w.q.m.). Sub­ species oi megacephala: Porel, 1894b: 94; Stitz, 1911b: 385; Emery, 1915J: 235; Emery, 1921f: 85; Wheeler, WJvl. 1922a: 132; Santschi, 1930b: 67. Status as species: Forel, 191 Oe: 441; Santsdri, 1914b: 76; Forel, 1914d: 240; Arnold, 1920a: 420; Santschi, 1935a: 256. Current subspecies: nominal plus atrox, spinosa, subatrox. ttpunensis. Pheidole sulcaticeps var. punensis Fore! 1902c: 179 (s.), 195 (w.) INDIA.

nal plus acuta, australis, discursans, inversa, luteola, opacissima, parvinoda, pugnax, reflexans, saviozae. ralumensis. Pheidole sexspinosa r. biroi var. ralumensis Forel, 1901b: 14 (w.) BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO. Unavailable name. rata. Pheidole rata Borgmeier, 1929: 206, pi. 6,fig.2; pi. 7, fig. 6 (s.w.) BRAZIL. #reclusi. Pheidole distorta r. reclusi Forel, 1899c: 75 (foot­ note) (s.w.) COLOMBIA. Forel, 1901e: 356 (q.). Combination in P. (Trachypheidole): Emery, 1922e: 111. Urecticeps. Pheidole pallidula var. recticeps Menozzi, 1932e: 452 (s.w.) EGYPT. [First available use of Pheidole pallidula subsp. tristis var. recticeps Forel, 1909e: 391; unavailable name.] trrectilineata.

Pheidole plagiaria var. rectilineata

Viehmeyer, 1916b: 288 (s.) SULAWESI (in copal).

pungens. Solenopsis pungens Smith, F. 1861b: 4 8 (s.w.) SULAWESI. Combination in Pheidologeton: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 469; in Pheidole: n e w c o m b i ­ nation.

trrecurva. Pheidole concentrica subsp. recurva Forel, 1910b: 39 (s.w.q.m.) TASMANIA.

purpurascens. Pheidole purpurascens Emery, 1897d: 565 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in P. (Pheidolacanthinus): Emery, 1921f: 82.

#reddenburgensis. Pheidole (Allopheidole) cuitensis r. reddenburgensis Forel, 1913a: 135 (s.w.q.m.) SOUTH AFRICA. Subspecies of capensis: Emery, 1915j: 246; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 809. [Spelling emended to reddersbergensis by Arnold, 1920a: 450; emendation not accepted by Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 809.]

pusilla. Oecophthora pusilla Heer, 1852: 15, p ! 1, figs. 1 4 (s.w.q.m.) MADEIRA. Combination in Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858b: 173. Subspecies of megacephala: Emery, 1915j:235. Senior synonym of janus; Mayr, 1886c: 360; of laevigata Smith: Roger, 1859: 259; Emery, 1915j: 235; of laevigata Mayr: Mayr, 1870b: 981 (footnote). Junior synonym of megacephala: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 812. putata. Pheidole flavens r. tuberculata var. putata Forel, 1912f: 235 (s.) BRAZIL. Unavailable name. #puttemansi. Pheidole fallax subsp. puttemansi Forel 1911c: 304 (s.) BRAZIL. pyramidensis. Pheidole califomica subsp. pyramidensis Emery, 1922e: 105. Replacement name for nevaden­ sis Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 4 0 8 . [Junior primary h o m o n y m of nevadensis Forel, 1901e: 353.] Junior synonym of califomica: Wheeler, G.C. fr Wheeler, J. 1986g: 13. pyriformis. Pheidole pyriformis Clark, 1938: 3 7 1 , figs. 10, 11 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. quadrensis. Pheidole quadrensis Forel, 1900a: 25 (s.) SUMATRA. Emery, 1900d: 682 (w.). Combination in P. (Pheidolacanthinus): Forel, 1913k: 45. quadricuspis. Pheidole quadricuspis Emery, 1900d: 683 (s.w.) SUMATRA. Combmation in P. (Pheidolacanthinus): Emery, 1921f: 83. quadriprojecta. Pheidole quadriprojectus Smith, M.R. 1947c: 74, figs. 1, 2 (s.) NEW GUINEA. quadrispinosa. Myrmica quadrispinosa Smith, F. 1865: 72, pi. 4, fig. 6 (w.) INDONESIA (Salwatty I.). Donisthorpe, 1941b: 38 (q.m.). Combinationin Pheidole: Mayr, 1878: 677; in P. (Pheidolacanthinus): Emery, 192 If: 82. Senior synonym of smithi (unnec­ essary replacement name): Dalla Tore, 1893: 95; of armatus: Donisthorpe, 1938a: 144. quiaccana. Pheidole quiaccana Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 13 (s.w.m.) BOLIVIA. rabo. Pheidole rabo Forel, 1913k: 28 (s.w.q.) SUMA­ TRA. radoszkowskii. Pheidole radoszkowskii Mayr, 1884: 35 (s.w.) FRENCH GUIANA. Current subspecies: nomi­

Uredbankensis. Pheidole prelli r. redbankensis Forel, I9I3a: 128 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE.

#redunca. Pheidole variabilis var. redunca Crawley, 1915b: 235 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. ttreflexans. Pheidole (Pheidole) radoszkowskii var. refitxans Santschi, 1933e: 109 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. regia. Pheidole oxyops subsp. regia Forel, 1908c: 378 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Forel, 1909a: 258 (q.). Junior syn­ o n y m of oxyops: Kempf, 1964e: 58. regina. Pheidole biconstricta subsp. bicolor var. regina Forel, 1908b: 52 (s.w.) COSTARICA. Unavailable name. rehi. Pheidole rehiForel, ZUELA.

1900e: 285 (s.w.q.m.) VENE­

reichenspergeri. Pheidole reichenspergeri Santschi, 1923d: 4 9 (s.w.) BRAZIL. retifera. Pheidole fallax subsp. emiliae var. retifera Emery, 1906c: 155 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. Unavailable name. retronitens. Pheidole retronitens Santschi, 1930a: 59 (s.w.) ZAIRE. rhaphidiiceps Mayr, 1877 [Ischnomyrmex]; see under APHAENOGASTER. rhea. Pheidole rhea Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 4 5 2 (q.) U.S.A. Smith, M.R. 1943c: 7 (s.w.). Combination in P. (Macropheidole): Smith, M.R. 1943c: 5. Junior syn­ o n y m of fimbriata: Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 4 0 3 ; Emery, 192 If: 8 1 . Revived from synonymy: Smith, M.R. 1943c: 7. See also: Gregg, 1949a: 70; Creighton, 1950a: 168. rhinoceros. Pheidole rhinoceros Forel, 1899c: 73, p ! 3, fig. 2 3 (s.w.) PANAMA. ^rhodesiana. Pheidole excellens r. rhodesiana Forel, 1913a: 131 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. Arnold, 1920a: 4 7 0 (m.). Stirps of sculpturata: Santschi, 1930b: 6 3 (foot­ note). rhombinoda. Pheidole rhombinoda Mayr, 1879: 678 (s.) INDIA. Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 5 1 (q.). Subspecies of noda: Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 3; Santschi, 1937h: 371. Junior synonym of noda: Yasumatsu, 1962: 96. [Misspelled as rhomboida by Santschi, 1925f: 83.]

Xrichteri. Pheidole perversa subsp. richteri Forel, 1909a: 266 (s.w.q.) ARGENTINA. Fore! 1914d: 273 (m.). Variety/subspecies of strobeli: Santschi, 1916e: 373; of nitidula: Santschi, 1929d: 2 8 1 . ridicula. Pheidole ridicula Wheeler, W.M. 1916f: 29, fig. 1 (s.) U.S.A. See also: Creighton, 1966b: 1. rinae. Pheidole rinae Emery, 1900d: 687 (s.) SUMA­ TRA. Current subspecies: nominal plus hongkongensis, incensa, mala, taipoana, tipuna. risii. Pheidole risiiEorel, 1892a: 38 (s.w.q.m.) ARGEN­ TINA. Current subspecies: nominal plus rugatula, trachyderma. riveti. Pheidole riveti Santschi, 191 li: 278 (s.w.q.) ECU­ ADOR. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1913h: 37.] Current subspecies: nominal plus inflexa. roberti. Pheidole roberti Forel 1902c: 183 (s.), 198 (w.) INDIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 545.] #robusta. Pheidole tenuinodis var. robusta Stitz, 1923: 154 (s.w.q.m.) NAMIBIA. ttrochai. Pheidole lemur r. rochai Forel, 1912f: 2 2 6 (s.w.) BRAZIL. rogeri. Pheidole rogeri Emery, I896g: 64 (s.) COSTA RICA. rogersi. PheidolerogersiForel 1902c: 182 (s.), 197 (w.) INDIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 545.] Current subspecies: nominal plus taylori. rohani. Pheidole rohani Santschi, 1925h: 160, fig. 11 (w.) ANGOLA. Santschi, 1930b: 62 (s.). Current subspecies: nominal plus monardi, pellax. roosevetti. Pheidole (Electropheidole) roosevelti Mann, 1921: 438, fig. 15 (s.w.q.) FUI IS. rosae. Pheidole rosae Fore! 1901h: 63 (s.) BRAZIL. tirosariensis. Pheidole triconstricta var. rosariensis Forel 19131: 230 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. Urotschana. Pheidole indica r. rotschana Forel, 1902c: 185 (s.), 199 (w.m.) INDIA. Imai, Baroni Urbani, etal. 1984: 6 (k.). [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: ^ 6 . ] Raised to species: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 6 4 . Sub­ species of indica: Forel 1909e: 394; Forel 191 li: 222. Srotundata. Pheidole rotundata Fore! 1894b: 92 (s.w.) MOZAMBIQUE. Arnold, 1920a: 426 (m.); Santschi, 1932a: 384 (q.). Status as species: Arnold, 193ua: 426. Subspecies/race of megacephala: Emery, 1915j: 236; Emery, 1921f: 86; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 816; Stitz, 1923: 154; Santschi, 1932a: 384. rubens. Pheidole fallax var. rubens Forel, 1899c: 66 (s.) COLOMBIA. Junior synonym oi fallax: Forel, 1901e: 365. tirubicunda. Pheidole biconstricta r. rubicunda Emery, 1890b: 50 (s.w.) COSTARICA. [Also described as n e w by Emery, 1894k: 55.] Raisedto species: Dalla Torre, 1 8 9 3 : 9 6 . R a c e of biconstricta: Forel, 1899c: 64. rubra. Atta rubra Smith, F. 1858b: 168 (q.) BRAZIL. Combination in Pheidole: Mayr, 1886c: 360. Junior synonym of tristis: Kempf, 1965: 183. rubra Smith, F. 1860; see under PHEIDOLOGETON. ttrubricalva. Pheidole aurivillii var. rubricalva Forel 1915c: 337 (s.w.) ZAIRE. rubrobrunnea Dalla Torre, 1892; see under PHEIDOLOGETON. ^rudigenis. Pheidole flavens subsp. rudigenis Emery, 1906c: 155 (s.) ARGENTINA. ttrufescens. Pheidole sitarches subsp. rufescens Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 4 4 3 (s.w.q.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of

campestris: Creighton, 1950a: 189; of soritis: Cole, 1953e: 298; of campestris: Gregg, 1959: 30. [Although both Creighton and Gregg give campestris as the senior name, rufescens has priority.] Subspe­ cies of sitarches: current status. #rufescens. Pheidole arnoldi var. rufescens Arnold, 1920a: 449 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. [Unresolved junior primary h o m o n y m of rufescens Wheeler, above.] [The pro­ posed replacement name sipapomae Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 361, is unavailable.] ruficeps. Myrmica ruficeps Smith, F. 1861b: 4 6 (q.) SUL­ AWESI. Combination in Pheidole, and senior syn­ o n y m of mordax: Mayr, 1867a: 96. rufipilis. Pheidole rufipilis Forel 1908c: 371 (s.w.) BRA­ ZIL. Current subspecies: nominal plus dione, divexa, industa, laevinota. rugaticeps. Pheidole rugaticeps Emery, 1877b: 375 (s.w.q.) ETHIOPIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus arabs. ttrugatula. Pheidole (Pheidole) risi var. rugatula Santschi, 1933e: 109 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. rugifrons. Pheidole rugifrons Pergande, 1896: 880 (s.) MEXICO. Junior synonym of tepicana: Emery, 1901b: 119. ttrugocciput. Pheidole variabilis var. rugocciput Forel 1902h: 4 2 3 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. rugosa. Pheidole rugosa Smith, F. 1858b: 175 (w.) SRI LANKA. See also: Forel, 1902c: 194. #rugosula. Pheidole variabilis var. rugosula Forel, 1902h: 4 2 3 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA. rugulosa. Pheidole rugulosa Gregg, 1959: 26 (s.w.q.m.) U.S.A. rupicapra Stitz, 1938; see under ANCYRIDRIS. tiruspolii. Pheidole crassinoda subsp. ruspolii Emery, 1897e: 597 (s.w.) ETHIOPIA. Forel, 1907c: 138 (m.); Arnold, 1920a: 475 (q.). ryukyuensis. Pheidole ryukyuensis Ogata, 1982: 193, figs. 1-5 (s.w.q.) JAPAN. sagana. Pheidole sagana Wheeler, W M . 1934g: 169 (s.w.) MEXICO. sagei. PheidolesageiPorel, 1902c: 174 (s.), 192 (w.) INDIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 542.] itsantschii. Pheidole santschii Forel, 1907b: 2 0 4 (s.w.) TUNISIA. Variety of sinaitica: Emery, 1915j: 234. #sapuana. Pheidole havilandi var. sapuana Forel, 1911 d: 373 (s.w.) SUMATRA. ^sarawakana. Pheidole sauberi subsp. sarawakana Fore! 1911a: 45 (s.w.) BORNEO. Wsarcina. Pheidole breviconus var. sarcina Forel, 1912f: 2 3 0 (s.w.) BRAZIL. ttsarrita. Pheidole opaca subsp. sarrita Forel, 1908b: 59 (w.) COSTARICA. Subspecies of cephalica:Kempf, 1972a: 188. satura. Pheidole califomica var. satura Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 4 0 7 (s.w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of califomica: Creighton, 1950a: 173. sauberi. Pheidole sauberi Fore! 1905c: 18 (s.w.) JAVA. Current subspecies: norninal plus sarawakana. sauteri. Pheidole sauteri Wheeler, W.M. 1909d: 334 (s.w.) TAIWAN. #saviozae. Pheidole radoszkowskii var. saviozae Forel, 1911c: 3 0 4 (s.) BRAZIL. saxicola. Pheidole saxicola Wheeler, W M - 1922a: 138, fig. 35 (s.w.) ZAIRE.

#scabrata. Pheidole longispinosa r. scabrata Forel, 1895c: 249 (s.w.) MADAGASCAR. Uscabrior. Pheidole megacephala var. scabrior Forel, 1891b: 178 (s.w.) MADAGASCAR. See also: Forel, 1897c: 188. scabriuscula. Pheidole scabriuscula Gerstacker, 1871: 356 (w.) KENYA. scabrocciput. Pheidole longiscapa r. martensis var. scabrocciputFore), 1914c: 615 (s.w.) COLOMBIA. Unavailable name. scapulata. Pheidolescapulata Santschi, 1923d: 63 (w.) ARGENTINA. Combination in P. (Trachypheidole): Kempf, 1972a: 205. ttschmalzi. Pheidole dimidiata var. schmalzi Emery, 1894c: 161 (s.w.) BRAZIL. schmitzi Pheidole schmitzi Forel, 191 lh: 455 (s.w.q.) ISRAEL. Junior synonym of jordanica: Emery, 1915j: 233. schoutedeni. Pheidole schoutedeni Forel, 1913b: 329 (s.w.) ZAIRE. Current subspecies: norninal plus platycephala. schultzei. Pheidole schultzei Fore! 1910f: 9, fig. 1 (s.w.q.m.) BOTSWANA. Current subspecies: nomi­ nal plus ebangana, gwaaiensis, woodvalensis. schwarzmaieri. Pheidole schwarzmaieri Borgmeier, 1939: 420, fig, 6 (s.w.) BRAZIL. sciara. Pheidolesciara Cole, 1955a: 47 (s.w.) U.S.A. sciophila. Pheidole sciophila Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 443, p ! 26, figs. 18, 19 (s.w.q.m.) U.S.A. Senior syn­ o n y m of proserpina and semilaevicephala: Creighton 8Gregg, 1955: 19. scrobifera. Pheidole scrobifera Emery, 1896g: 73, pi. 1, fig. 14 (s.w.q.m.) COSTARICA. Combination in P. (Scrobopheidole): Emery, 1915i: 190. ttsculptior. Pheidole flavens r. sculptior Forel, 1893g: 4 1 4 (s.w.q.) ANTILLES IS. sculptior. Pheidole njassae var. sculptior Viehmeyer, 1914c: 36 (s.w.) TANZANIA. [Junior primary h o m ­ onym of sculptior Forel, above.] Replacement name: legitima Santschi, 1916d: 242. sculpturata. Pheidole sculpturata Mayr, 1866b: 897 (s.) SOUTH AFRICA. Emery, 1895h: 31 (w.). Current subspecies: nominal plus areolata, berthoudi, dignata, katonae, particeps, rhodesiana, welgelegenensis, zambesiana. See also: Arnold, 1920a: 462. seeldrayersi. Pheidole seeldrayersi Fore! 1910a: 30 (s.w.q.) COLOMBIA. ttselangorensis. Pheidole havilandi var. selangorensis Forel, 1913k: 31 (s.w.q.m.) WEST MALAYSIA. semilaevicephala. Pheidole sciophila var. semilaevicephala Smith, M.R. 1934a: 385 (s.) U.S.A. Subspecies of sciophila: Creighton, 1950a: 188. Junior synonym of sciophila: Creighton &• Gregg, 1955: 19. semilaevis. Pheidole radoszkowskii var. semilaevis Forel, 1901e: 363 (s.) BRAZIL. Raisedto species: Santschi, 1929d: 287. Current subspecies: nominal plus geraesensis. semipolita. Pheidole flavens subsp. asperithoraxvai. semi­ polita Emery, 1896g: 78 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Unavailable name. senex. Pheidole senex Gregg, 1952a: 1 (s.w.) U.S.A. Senior synonym of anfracta: Cole, 1953e: 298; Gregg, 1959: 30. #senilifrons. Pheidole caffra subsp, senilifrons Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 130, fig. 32 (s.w.) ZAIRE.

Species-Group Taxa

329

PHEIDOLE

(continued)

^senilis. Pheidole hetschkoi vat. senilis Santschi, 1929d: 289 (w.) BRAZIL. sensitiva. Pheidole sensitiva Borgmeier, 1959a: 316, figs. 3-9 (s.w.) BRAZIL. septentrionalis. Pheidole pilifera subsp. septentrionalis Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 4 3 7 (s.w.) U.S.A. Junior syn­ o n y m of pilifera: Creighton, 1950a: 186. sepulchralis. Pheidolesepulchralis Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 5 5 (s.) INDIA. sericella. Pheidole sericella Viehmeyer, 1914c: 33 (s.w.) NEW GUINEA. severini. Pheidole severini Forel, 1904d: 171 (s.w.) SURINAM. sexdentata. Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus) sexdentatus Donisthorpe, 1948d: 592 (w.) NEW GUINEA. sexspinosa. Pheidole sexspinosa Mayr, 1870b: 977 (s.w.) TUVALU. Combination in P. (Pheidolacanthinus): Mann, 1919: 307. Senior synonym of adamsoni: Wil­ son & Taylor, 1967: 52. Current subspecies: norninal plus biroi, fuscescens. #seymourensis. Pheidole williamsi var. seymourensis Wheeler, W.M. 1924a: 108 (s.w.) GALAPAGOS IS. sharpi. Pheidole sharpi Forel, 1902c: 169 (s.), 188 (w.) INDIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 540.] Current subspecies: nominal plus hoogwerfi. ttshinsendensis. Pheidole liengmei var. shinsendensis Forel, 1913b: 327 (w.) ZAIRE. Arnold, 1920a: 4 6 8 (s.). shoshoni. Pheidole califomica var. shoshoni Cole, 1933: 618 (s.w.) U.S.A. Subspecies of califomica: Creighton, 1950a: 174. Junior synonym of oregonica: Gregg, 1959: 19. sikorae. Pheidole sikorae Forel, 1891b: 223 (s.w.) MAD­ AGASCAR. Forel, 18921:258 (q.). Current subspe­ cies: nominal plus litigiosa. silenus Smith, F. 1858; see under

PHEIDOLOGETON.

sinica. Ceratopheidole sinicaVfu &Wang, 1992: 1306, fig. 4 5 8 0 (s.w.) CHINA. Combination in Pheidole: n e w combination. Usipapomae. Pheidole tenuinodis var. sipapomae Arnold, 1920a: 4 3 0 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. sipapomae. Pheidole arnoldi var. sipapomae Baroni Urbani, 1971b: 361. Unavailable name (incorrectly proposed replacement name; see under rufescens). sitarches. Pheidole sitarches Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 4 4 0 (s.w.q.) U.S.A. Senior synonym of transvarians: Creighton, 1950a: 189; Gregg, 1959: 30. Current subspecies: nominal plus rufescens, soritis. skwarrae. Pheidole skwarrae Wheeler, W.M. 1934g: 163 (s.w.q.) MEXICO. Usloanei. Pheidole caribbaea subsp. sloanei Wheeler, W.M. 1917g: 459 (s.w.q.) JAMAICA. smithi. Pheidole smithi Praery, 1887b: 464. [Unneces­ sary replacement name for quadrispinosa.] Junior synonym of quadrispinosa: Dalla Torre, 1893: 95. smithii. Pheidole smz'tfzn Dalla Torre, 1892: 90. [Unneces­ sary replacement name for diversa.] Junior syn­ o n y m of fimbriata: Kempf, 1 9 6 5 : 1 8 3 . smythiesii. Pheidole (Ceratopheidole) smythiesii Forel, 1902c: 165 (s.), 185 (w.q.m.) INDIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 38.] Combination in Ceratopheidole: Emery, 1 9 2 2 e : 1 1 3 ; i n Pheidole: r e v i v e d c o m b i n a t i o n . Current subspecies: nomi­ nal plus bengalensis. itsocrates. Pheidole biconstricta r. socrates Fore! 1912f: 2 2 3 (s.w.) BRAZIL. socrus. Pheidole guilelmimuelleri subsp. bucculenta var. socrus Forel 1914e: 12 (w.) COLOMBIA. Unavail­ able name. #solaris. Pheidole spininodis var. Solaris Santschi, 1929d: 287 (s.w.q.m.) BRAZIL. itsolitanea. Pheidole hyatti subsp. solitanea Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 409 (s.w.q.) U.S.A. ttscrdidula. Pheidole crassinoda var. sordidula Santschi,

silvestrii. Pheidole silvestrii Emery, 1906c: 146 (s.w.q.) ARGENTINA. Current subspecies: nominal plus pullula.

1937a: 5 4 (s.w.m.) TANZANIA. tfsoritis. Pheidole soritis Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 4 3 9 (s.w.)

#silvicola. Pheidole strobeli subsp. silvicola Borgmeier, 1927b: 61 (s.w.) BRAZIL. [Also described as n e w by Borgmeier, 1928a: 39.] Stirps of nitidula: Santschi, 1929d:283.

190. Revived status as species: Cole, 1953e: 298.

ttsima. Pheidole championii var. sima Forel, 1912f: 2 3 4 (s.w.) COSTARICA. similigena. Pheidole similigena Wheeler, W.M. 1937b: 446 (s.w.) CUBA. simoni. Pheidole simoni Emery, 1893g: 266 (s.) PHILIP­ PINES. ^simplex. Pheidole biconstricta subsp. simplex Wheeler, W M . 1925a: 21 (s.) PERU. simulans. Pheidole pilifera subsp. coloradensis var. simulans Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 4 3 6 (s.w.) U.S.A. Unavailable name; material referred to pilifera by Creighton, 1950a: 186. sinaitica. Pheidole sinaitica Mayr, 1862: 745 (s.w.) EGYPT. Magretti, 1884: 542 (q.); Finzi, 1 9 3 6 : 1 6 3 (q.). Current subspecies: nominal plus santschii. singularis. Pheidole singularis Smith, F. 1863: 22 (w.) INDONESIA (Misool I.). Combination in P. (Pheidolacanthinus): Emery, 1921f: 82.

330

Spedes-Group Taxa

U . S A . Subspecies of sitarches: Creighton, 1950a: Junior synonym of sitarches: Cole, 1956c: 115. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of sitarches: Gregg, 1959: 30; Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 3 7 3 . Senior synonym of cavigenis: Gregg, 1959: 30. #soror. Pheidole javana st. soror Santschi, 1937h: 369, fig. 6 (s.w.) TAIWAN. Subspecies of fervens: current status. #sospes. Pheidole anastasii var. sospes Forel 1908c: 381 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Stirps of anastasii: Santschi, 1929d: 291. spadonia. Pheidole spadonia Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 4 0 0 (s.w.) U.S.A. Creighton & Gregg, 1955: 23 (q.). spathifera. Pheidole spathifera Forel, 1902c: 168 (s.), 187 (w.q.m.) INDIA. [Also describrd as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 539.] Current subspedes: norninal plus aspatha, yerburyi. speculifera. Pheidole speculifera Emery, 1877b: 373 (s.w.) ETHIOPIA. Santschi, 1930d: 268 (m.); Ber­ nard, 1953b: 2 2 3 (q.). [Misspelled asspeculifronsby Dalla Torre, 1893: 96.] Current subspedes: nominal plus ascara, bispecula, cubangensis. itspeculifrons. Pheidole megacephala var. speculifrons Stitz, 1911b: 386 (s.w.) TANZANIA.

#speL Pheidole flavens st. spei Santschi, 1930c: 77 (s.w.) CUBA. sperata. Pheidolesperata Forel, 1915a: 2 9 (s.w.) SUMA­ TRA. spielbergi. PheidolespielbergiEmery, 1888c: 3 5 4 (s.w.) BRAZIL. spininodis. Pheidole spininodis Mayr, 1887: 591 (s.), 605 (w.) ARGENTINA. Goni, Zolessi & Imai, 1983: 365 (k.). Senior synonym of hohenlohei: Emery, 1906c: 146 (in text). Current subspedes: nominal plus bruta, lucifuga, pencosensis, Solaris. spinoda. Attaspinoda Smith, F. 1858b: 166 (q.) AUS­ TRALIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster: Dalla Torre, 1893: 104 (misspelled as spininoda); in Podomyrma: Emery, 1915d: 68; in Pheidole: Taylor & Brown, D.R. 1985:77. Sspinosa. Pheidole megacephala var. spinosa Forel, 1891b: 178 (s.w.) MADAGASCAR. Race of megacephala: Forel, 1897c: 186; Forel, 1904b: 373; of punctulata: Forel 1905b: 164. spinulosa. Pheidole spinulosa Forel, 19I0e: 438 (s.w.q.m.) LESOTHO. Current subspedes: norninal plus conigera, messalina. #splendidula. Pheidole metallescens subsp. splendidula Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 474, pi. 26, figs. 20, 21 (s.w.q.m.) U . S A . squalida. Pheidole squalida Santschi, 1910c: 3 6 4 (s.w.) CONGO. steinheili. Pheidole steinheili Forel, 1901e: 353 (s.w.q.m.) COLOMBIA. #stella. Pheidole rhombinoda subsp. Stella Forel 191 Id: 380 (s.) INDIA. Subspedes of noda: Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 3. ttstomachosa. Pheidole floridana subsp. stomachosa Wheeler, W.M. 1917g: 459 (s.w.q.) JAMAICA. strator. Pheidole strator Forel, 1910c: 256 (s.w.) ETHIO­ PIA. Current subspedes: nominal -pars fugax, tabida. striata. Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus) striatus Donisthorpe, 1947b: 172, fig. 1 (s.w.m.) NEW GUINEA. striaticeps. Pheidole striaticeps Mayr, 1870b: 987 (s.w.) MEXICO. striativentris. Pheidole striativentris Mayr, 1879: 678 (s.) INDIA. Forel, 1902c: 195 (w.q.). ftstrobeli. Pheidole strobeli Emery, 1906c: 149 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. Goni, Zolessi & Imai, 1983: 365 (k.). Subspedes/stirps of cordiceps: Santschi, 1912e: 528; Bruch, 1915: 531. Status as spedes: Emery, 1922e: 101; Borgmeier, 1927b: 61. Subspedes/stirps of nitidula: Santschi, 1929d:282; Kempf, 1972a: 197. Senior synonym of misera: Santschi, 1929d: 2 8 2 . stulta. Pheidolestulta Forel, 1886b: xlvi (s.) BRAZIL. subaberrans. Elasmopheidole subaberrans Kusnezov, 1952b: 71 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. Combinationin Pheidole (Elasmopheidole): Kempf, 1972a: 184. subarmata. Pheidole subarmata Mayr, 1884: 37 (s.w.) FRENCH GUIANA. Senior synonym of borinquenen­ sis, comutula, dentimentum, elongatula, hondurensis, imbecillis, nassavensis and nefasta: Brown, 1981: 526. #subatrox. Pheidole punctulata var. subatrox Santschi, 1937g: 76 (s.w.) ZAIRE. subdentata. Oecophthora subdentata Mayr, 1853a: 145 (s.w.) AUSTRIA. Junior synonym of pallidula: Mayr, 1855:456.

subdentata.PheidolesubdentataPergande, 1896: 888 (w.) MEXICO. [Junior secondary h o m o n y m of sub­ dentata Mayr, above.] Subspecies of vasliti: Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 50. Revived status as species: Creighton, 1958: 2 1 1 . Senior synonym of obtusospinosa: Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 50; of arizonica: Creighton, 1 9 5 8 : 2 1 1 . Replacement name: obtusospinosa Pergande, 1896: 889; first available re­ placement name for subdentata Pergande. ttsubparallela. Pheidole bergi subsp. subparallela Emery, 1906c: 145 (s.w.) URUGUAY. #subreticulata. Pheidole nana var. subreticulata Emery, 1894c: 159 (s.w.) BRAZIL. Subspecies of nana: Emery, 1896g: 78. sulcaticeps. Pheidole sulcaticepsRoger, 1863a: 193 (s.w.q.m.) SRI LANKA. Current subspecies: nomi­ nal plus indosinensis, punensis, vellicans, yeensis. ttsurda. Pheidole biconstricta var. surda F o r e ! 1912f: 222 (s.w.) COSTARICA. susannae. Pheidole susannae Forel, 1886b: xliii (s.w.) GUATEMALA. Senior synonym of evoluta: Kempf, 1964e: 63. Current subspecies: nominal plus atricolor, obscurior. suspiciosa. Myrmica suspiciosa Smith, F. 1859a: 148 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior synonym of megacephala: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 5 5 . sykesii. PheidolesykesiiPorel, 1902c: 173 (s.), 190 (w.q.m.) INDIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 541.]

Revived from synonymy as variety of megacephala: Santschi, 1925h: 160. ^tambourinensis. Pheidole athertonensis r. tambourinensis Forel, 1915b: 65 (s.w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. tandjongensis. Pheidole tandjongensis Forel, 1913k: 42 (s.w.) SUMATRA. taprobanae Smith, F. 1858; see under

*tertiaria. *Pheidole tertiaria Carpenter, 1930: 33, pi. 5, fig. 2; p ! 11, fig. 2 (q.) U.S.A. (Miocene). testacea. Atta testacea Smith, F. 1858b: 168 (s.w.) BRA­ ZIL. Combination in Pheidole: Mayr, 1886c: 360. Junior synonym of megacephala: Brown, 1981: 530. *tethepa. *Pheidole tethepa Wilson, 1985a: 5, figs. 4, 5 (w.) DOMINICAN AMBER.

PHEIDOLOGETON. ^taprobanae. Pheidole rhombinoda var. taprobanae Forel,

#tetra. Pheidole crassicornis subsp. tetra Creighton, 1950a: 176 (s.w.) U.S.A. [First available use of Pheidole crassicornis subsp. porcula var. tetra Wheeler, W M . 1908e: 467; unavailable name.] tetracantha. Pheidole tetracantha Emery, 1897d: 564 (s.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in P. (Pheidolacanthinus): Emery, 192 If: 82. tetrica. Pheidole tetrica Fore! 19131:226 (s.w.q.) BRA­ ZIL.

1902c: 178 (s.), 195 (w.) SRI LANKA. [Unresolved junior primary h o m o n y m of taprobanae Smith, F. 1858b: 175, above.] [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 544.] Race/srirps of rhombinoda: Forel, 1913e: 662; of noda: Santschi, 1937h: 3 7 1 . tarda. Pheidole (Pheidole) tardus Donisthorpe, 1947a: 285 (q.) MAURITIUS. tasmaniensis. Pheidole tasmaniensis Mayr, 1866a: 511 (s.) TASMANIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus

texana. Pheidole texana Wheeler, W.M. 1903b: 97, fig. 4 (S.w.) U . S A .

continentis. taunggyiana. Pheidole latinoda r. angusta var. taunggyiana Forel, 1903c: 2 5 3 (s.) BURMA. Unavailable name. [The name angusta is a rnisspelling of angustior. Emery, 1921f: 92, gives the misspelling tanngiana.)

#thomensis. Pheidole flavens var. thomensis Emery, 1894c: 156 (s.w.q.) ANTILLES IS. thysvillensis. Pheidole caffra subsp. bayeri var. thysvillensis Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 130 (s.w.) ZAIRE. Unavail­ able name.

taurus. Pheidole taurus Emery, 1906c: 142, fig. 20 (s.w.q.) ARGENTINA. Combination in P. (Elasmopheidole): Forel, 1913k: 4 3 . #taylori. Pheidole rogersi var. taylori Forel, 1902c: 182 (s.), 198 (w.) INDIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 545.]

tijucana. Pheidole tijucana Borgmeier, 1927b: 59 (s.w.) BRAZIL. [Also described as n e w by Borgmeier, 1928a: 39.] ^tillandsiarum. Pheidole floridana subsp. tillandsiarum Wheeler, W.M. 1934g: 166 (s.w.) MEXICO. #timmii. Pheidole pubiventris r. timmii Forel, 1901h: 62 (s.w.) U . S A .

symbiotica. Pheidole symbiotica Wasmann, 1909: 693 (footnote), figs. 1, 2 (w.) PORTUGAL. Wasmann, 1910: 515 (q.m.). Junior synonym of pallidula: Forel, 1913d: 430. Revived from synonymy as vari­ ety of pallidula: Emery, 1915j: 226. Revived status as species: Collingwood, 1978: 68.

templaria.PheidoletemplariaPorel, 1902c: 175 (s.) INDIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 542.] Bingham, 1903: 2 4 4 (w.). Current subspecies: norninal plus euscrobata.

symbiotica. Eriopheidole symbiotica Kusnezov, 1952a: 16, figs. 1-9 (q.m.) ARGENTINA. [Unresolved junior secondary h o m o n y m of Pheidole symbiotica Wasmann, above.] Combmation in Pheidole: Wilson, 1984: 328.

teneriffana. Pheidole teneriffana Forel 1893d: 465 (s.w.) CANARY IS. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1894a: 160.] Santschi, 1908: 521 (q.). Current sub­ species: nominal plus taina. See also: Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 438; Snelling, 1992b: 121.

#tjibodana. Pheidole nodgii var. tjibodana Forel, 1905c:

#tabida. Pheidole strator var. tabida Menozzi, 1933a: 102 (s.) UGANDA. tachigaliae. Pheidole tachigaliae Wheeler, W.M. 192 If:

tennesseensis. Leptothorax tennesseensis Cole, 1938a: 238, fig. 1 (w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of commutata: Cole, 1 9 4 8 : 8 2 .

W.M. 1915b: 4 0 4 (s.w.) U S A . Junior s y n o n y m of

148 (s.w.q.) GUIANA. Combination in P. (Hendecapheidole): Wheeler, W M . 1922d: 3. See also: Smith, M.R. 1955c: 304. tahitiana. Pheidole oceanica subsp. nigriscapa var. tahitiana Santschi, in Cheesman & Crawley, 1928: 516 (w.) TAHITI. Unavailable name; material referred to fervens by Wilson & Taylor, 1967:45. #taina. Pheidole teneriffana subsp. taina Aguayo, 1932: 219 (s.) CUBA. taipingensis. Pheidole javana r. jacobsoni var. taipingensis Forel, 1913k: 28 (s.w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Unavail­ able name. Maipoana. Pheidole rinae subsp. taipoana Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 12 (s.w.) CHINA. taivanensis. Pheidole taivanensis Fore! 1912a: 59 (s.) TAIWAN. tttaki. Pheidole isis var. tafa'Mann, 1919: 314 (s.) SOLO­ MON IS. #talpa. Pheidole talpa Gerstacker, 1871: 356 (s.) KENYA. Santschi, 1930b: 67 (w.q.). Junior synonym of punctulata: Dalla Torre, 1893: 95; Emery, 1915J: 235.

tenerescens. Pheidole tenerescens Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 7 (S.) TRINIDAD.

tenuiclavata. Pheidole (Pheidole) tenuiclavata Donisthorpe, 1943d: 449 (s.w.) NEW GUINEA. tenuinodis. Pheidole tenuinodis Mayr, 1901b: 10 (s.w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Arnold, 1920a: 4 3 0 (q.). Current subspecies: norninal plus bothae, robusta, sipapomae. #tepaneca. Pheidole ceres subsp. tepaneca Wheeler, W.M. 1914b: 46 (s.w.q.) MEXICO. tepicana. Pheidole tepicanaPergande, 1896: 878 (s.w.) MEXICO. Taber & Cokendolpher, 1988: 95 (k.). Senior synonym of carbonaria and rugifrons: Emery, 1901b: 119; of instabilis, kingi (and its junior syn­ o n y m townsendi) and torpescens: Creighton 8- Gregg, 1955:24. termitobia.

Pheidole termitobia Forel, 1901g: 390

(s.w.q.) BRAZIL. termitophila. Pheidole termitophila Forel, 1904h: 13 (s.w.q.) SUDAN. Current subspecies: nominal plus liberiensis. terresi. Pheidole terresi Wheeler, WJvl. &• Mann, 1914: 22 (s.w.q.) H A i n . Current subspedes: nominal plus illota.

tttipuna. Pheidole rinae r. tipuna Forel, 1912a: 68 (s.w.) TAIWAN. tisiphone. Pheidole tisiphone Wheeler, W.M. 191 l h : 2 0 3 (s.) MEXICO. Combination in P. (Elasmopheidole): Emery, 19151:190. titanis. Pheidole titanis Wheeler, W.M. 1903b: 95, fig. 3 (s.w.) U S A . 16 (s.w.q.) JAVA. tolteca. Pheidole tolteca Forel, 1901c: 133 (w.) MEXICO. torpescens. Pheidole kingi subsp. torpescens Wheeler, tepicana: Creighton & Gregg, 1955: 24. townsendi. Pheidole townsendi Andre, 1 8 9 8 : 2 4 6 (s.w.) MEXICO. Junior synonym of kingi: Emery, 1922e: 105. tttrachyderma.

Pheidole risi subsp. trachyderma Emery,

1906c: 148 (s.w.q.) ARGENTINA. [Misspelled as pachydermahy Santschi, 1912e: 529.] tragica. Pheidole tragica Wheeler, W.M. 1934g: 167 (S.w.) MEXICO. transfigens. Pheidole transfigensForel,

191 l e : 2 6 8 (w.)

NEW GUINEA. Combination in P. (Pheidolacanthinus): Emery, 1921f: 82. transvarians. Pheidole sitarches var. transvarians Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 4 4 2 (s.w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of sitarches: Creighton, 1950a: 189; Gregg, 1959: 30. ^transversa. Pheidole proxima r. transversa Forel, 1902h: 4 2 8 (s.w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. transversostriata. Pheidole transversostriata Mayr, 1887: 584 (s.) GUIANA. Current subspedes: nominal plus gibbata, nigridens. trapezoidea. Pheidole trapezoidea Viehmeyer, 1914c: 36 (s.) AUSTRALIA. treubi. Pheidole treubiEorel,

1905c: 19 (s.q.) JAVA.

Species-Group Taxa

331

PHEIDOLE

vallicola. Pheidole crassicornis subsp. vallicola Wheeler,

(continued)

W M . 1915b: 4 0 9 (s.w.) U.S.A. Raisedto species: tricarinata.

Pheidole tricarinata Santschi, 1914d: 340

(s.) GUINEA.

COLOMBIA. Combination in P. (Elasmopheidole):

Donisthorpe, 1949g: 408 (w.) NEW GUINEA.

vanceae. Pheidole morrisii var. vanceae Forel, 1 9 0 1 e : 3 5 1

ARGENTINA. Emery, 1906c: 152 (q.). Current sub­

(s.w.q.m.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of morrisii:

species: nominal plus ambulans, bruesi, hebe. laidlowi,

Creighton, 1950a: 183.

nubila, paranana, rosariensis.

vanderveldi.

trinodis. Myrmica trinodis Losana, 1834: 327, pi. 36, fig. 6 (w.) ITALY. Junior synonym of megacephala: Roger, 1863b: 30.

Pheidole vanderveldi Forel, 1913b: 326

(s.w.) COSTARICA.

Pheidole variabilis Mayr, 1876: 103

nalplus aliena, croceithorax, latigena, mediofusca.'vcior, ocyma, parvispina, praedo, redunca, rugocciput, rugosula.

tristior. Pheidole pallidula subsp. frwftor Schmitz, 1950: 16 PORTUGAL. Nomen nudum.

#variegata.

Pheidole pubiventris subsp. variegata Emery,

1896g: 72 (s.w.q.) COSTARICA. Forel, 1908b: 54

tristis. Myrmica tristis Smith, F. 1858b: 132 (w.) BRA­ ZIL. Combination in Pheidole: Mayr, 1886c: 360, Senior synonym of emeryi and rubra: Kempf, 1965: 183; of fumipennis: Brown, 1981: 527. Current sub­ species: nominal plus alpinensis, alsia.

Pheidole variolosa Emery, 1892a: 113 (w.)

SOMALIA. Menozzi, 1930b: 82 (s.). vaslitii. Pheidole vaslitii Pergande, 1896: 883 (s.w.) MEXICO. Combination in P. (Allopheidole): Forel,

mristis. Pheidole pallidula var. frarz's Fore! 1907b: 204 (q.) TUNISIA. [Unresolved junior secondary h o m ­

1912f: 237; in P. (Cardiopheidole) :Vf heeler, W.M. 1914b: 4 8 . Junior synonym of obtusospinosa: Forel,

onym of Myrmica tristis Smith, above.] Santschi,

1901c: 130. Revived from synonymy: Wheeler,

1908: 521 (s.q.m.). See also: Emery, 1915J: 226;

W.M. 1914b: 48. See also: Creighton, 1 9 5 8 : 2 0 3 .

Karavaiev, 1926b: 104; Santschi, 1932g: 3.

vatu. Pheidole vatu Mann, 1 9 2 1 : 4 3 1 , fig. 13 (s.w.) FIJI

tsailuni. Pheidole tsailuni Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 2 . Re­ placement n a m e for concinna Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 13. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of concinna Santschi, 1910c: 362.] #tuberculata.

1887: 585 (s.) BRAZIL. Subspecies of flavens: Emery, 1894c: 157. W.M. 1908e: 448 (s.w.) U.S.A. Creighton & Gregg, 1955:42 (q.). Raisedto species: Wheeler, G.C.& Wheeler, J. 1986g: 13. Pheidole fimbriata var. tucumana F o r e !

Combination in P. (Macropheidole): Emery, 1921f: 8 1 . turneri. Pheidole turneri Forel, 1902h: 4 3 0 (s.w.) AUS­ TRALIA. tysonf. Pheidole tysoni Forel, 1901e: 348 (s.w.m.) U.S.A. 221 (s.) BRAZIL.

i

Pheidole umbonata Mayr, 1870b: 978 (s.w.)

TONGA. Mann, 1921:431 (q.). Senior synonym of

SIA (Temate I.). #venezuelana.

Pheidole anastasii var. venezuelana Forel,

ttverlatenensis.

Pheidole nodgii subsp. verlatenensis

Wheeler, W.M. 1937a: 2 2 (s.) INDONESIA (VerlatenL). 1891b: 225 (s.w.)

MADAGASCAR. Current subspecies: nominal plus angustinoda. vicina. Pheidole nitidula st. strobeli var. vicina Santschi, 1929d: 282 (s.w.) ARGENTINA. Unavailable name. 290 (s.) BRAZIL. ZIMBABWE. See also: Arnold, 1920a: 430. vigilans. Atta vigilans Smith, F. 1858b: 166 (w.) AUS­ TRALIA. Combination in Aphaenogaster: Dalla Torre,

yarrensis: Brown, 1971b: 13. ttvincentensis.

Pheidole flavens var. vincentensis Forel

1893g: 411 (s.w.q.m.) ANTILLES IS. Pheidole bicarinata r. vinelandica Forel,

Santschi, 1928a: 47, fig. 3 (s.w.q.) SAMOA. Junior

1886b: xlv (s.w.q.m.) U.S.A. Combination in P.

synonym of oceanica: Wilson 8r Taylor, 1 9 6 7 : 4 8 .

(Allopheidole):Forel,

ursus. Pheidole ursus Mayr, 1870b: 986 (s.w.) MEX­

1930b: 65 (footnote) (w.). ttwelgelegenensis.

Pheidole sculpturata r. welgelegenensis

Forel, 1913b: 327 (s.w.) ZAIRE. Forel, 1913h: 354 (q-)wheeleri. Pheidole (Pheidole) wheeleri Mann, 1 9 1 6 : 4 3 1 , pi. 3, fig. 23 (s.w.) BRAZIL. wheelerorum.

Pheidole wheelerorum MacKay, in

MacKay, Lowrie, Fisher, etal. 1988: 96, figs. 29, 30 wiesei. Pheidole wiesei Forel, 1910b: 40 (s.w.q.m.) AUS­ williamsi.

Pheidole williamsi'Wheeler,

W.M. 1919c: 267

nominal plus seymourensis. woifringi.

Pheidole wolfringi Forel, 1908c: 374 (s.w.)

BRAZIL. Current subspecies: nominal plus durionei. Pheidole woodmasoni Forel, 1885b: 180

(s.w.) INDLA. Forel, 1902c: 191 (q.m.); Imai, Baroni Urbani, etal. 1 9 8 4 : 6 (k.), Pheidole schultzei var. woodvalensis

Arnold, 1960b: 454, fig. 3 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. wroughtonii.

Pheidole wroughtonii Forel, 1902c: 176

(s.), 193 (w.q.m.) INDIA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 543.]

victoris. Pheidole victoris Forel, 1913a: 127 (s.w.)

^vinelandica.

(s.) CONGO. Santschi, 1914d: 335 (q.); Santschi,

itwoodvalensis.

1893:108; in Pheidole: Emery, 1915d: 69. Senior syn­

(Stegopheidole): Emery, 1915i: 190.

Pheidole (Elasmopheidole) aberrans st. weiseri

Santschi, 1923d: 64 (s.w.q.) ARGENTINA.

woodmasoni. PheidoleveteratrixForel,

o n y m of dolichocephala, norfolkensis, parallela and

upoluana. Pheidole (Pheidole) oceanica var. upoluana

1902f: 541.] tiweiseri.

wilsoni. Pheidole wilsoni Mann, 1 9 2 1 : 4 3 3 (s.w.) FIJI IS.

species: nominal plus fusciventris. 43, fig. K (s.w.) JAVA. Combination in P.

Pheidole watsoni Forel, 1902c: 171 (s.), 189

(w.) BURMA. [Also described as n e w by Forel,

(s.w.q.m.) GALAPAGOS IS. Current subspecies:

zimmermani: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 50. Current sub­ upeneci. Pheidole (Elasmopheidole) upeneci Forel, 1913k:

BRAZIL. watsoni.

TRALIA.

tivictima. Pheidole lignicola var. victima Santschi, 1929d:

#ultrix. Pheidole guilelmimuelleri var. ultrix Forel, 1912f: umbonata.

191 li: 222 (s.w.) SRI LANKA.

veteratrix.

19131:228 (s.) ARGENTINA. Forel, 1915c: 355 (w.).

HONDURAS.

(s.w.) U.S.A.

1905b: 159 (s.m.) VENEZUELA.

tucsonica. Pheidole xerophila subsp. tucsonica Wheeler,

#tucumana.

IS. tivellicans. Pheidole sulcaticeps subsp. vellicans Fore! velox. Pheidole velox Emery, 1887b: 4 6 2 (w.) INDONE­

Pheidole exigua var. tuberculata Mayr,

Roger, 1863b: 30; in Pheidole: Emery, 1915d: 69.

Uweissi. Pheidole excellens st. weissi Santschi, 1910c: 361

(m.). variolosa.

1 8 0 4 : 4 1 2 (w.) CEN­

TRAL AMERICA. Combination in Aphaenogaster:

wallacei. Pheidole wallacei Mann, 1 9 1 6 : 4 3 7 (s.w.)

(s.w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Current subspecies: n o m K

trtristani. Pheidole biolleyi subsp. tristani Forel, 1908b: 50

Pheidole voeltzkowii Forel, 1894e: 227

(s.w.m.) MADAGASCAR. Forel, 1897c: 207 (q.).

walkeri. Pheidole walkeri Mann, 1 9 2 2 : 2 7 , fig. 13 (s.w.)

(s.w.) ZAIRE. variabilis.

voeltzkowii.

vorax. Formica voraxFabricius,

Forel, 1913k: 4 3 .

Pheidole triconstricta F o r e ! 1886b: xlv (s.)

(w.) U.S.A. Raisedto species: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1374. Senior synonym olgrallipes: Gregg, 1 9 5 9 : 2 2 .

vallifica. Pheidole vallifica Forel, 1901e: 357 (s.w.)

tricolor. Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus) tricolor triconstricta.

Creighton, 1950a: 191.

vistana. Pheidole longipes var. vistana Forel, 1914d: 272

1912f: 2 3 7 . Raised to species:

Mayr, 1886d: 458; Dalla Torre, 1893: 97. Subspecies

xanthocnemis.

Pheidole xanthocnemis Emery, 1914f:

4 0 3 (s.w.) NEW CALEDONIA. xerophila.

Pheidole xerophila Wheeler, W.M. 1908e:

446, pi. 27, fig. 37 (s.w.m.) U.S.A. xocensis. Pheidolexocensis Forel, 1913j: 213 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. Current subspecies: nominal plus bulawayensis. See also: Arnold, 1920a: 4 4 3 . yaqui. Pheidole yaqui Creighton & Gregg, 1 9 5 5 : 4 3 , fig. 10 (s.w.) U . S A . yarrensis. Pheidole ampla var. yarrensis Forel, 1902h: 4 3 4 (s.w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of vigilans: Brown, 1971b: 13. tiyeensis. Pheidole sulcaticeps r. yeensis Forel, 1902c: 179

ICO. Senior synonym of cressoni and gracilinoda:

of bicarinata: Creighton, 1950a: 172; Gregg, 1959:

Brown, 1981: 528.

18. Senior synonym of laeviuscula: Creighton,

1902f: 544.] Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 5 3 (w.). Raised to

1950a: 172; of buccalis and nebrascensis: Gregg, 1959:

species: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 2 5 2 . Subspecies of sul­

vafella. Pheidole vafella Wheeler, W.M. 1925a: 15 (s.w.) BOLIVIA. vafra. Pheidole vafra Santschi, 1923d: 51 (s.w.) BRA­ ZIL. Current subspecies: nominal plus idiota.

18. virago. Pheidole virago Wheeler, W M . 1915b: 401 (s.w.) U.S.A.

(s.) BURMA. [Also described as n e w by Forel,

caticeps: Emery, 192If: 94. Uyerburyi. Pheidole spathifera var. yerburyi Forel, 1902c: 168 (s.), 188 (w.q.) SRI LANKA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1902f: 540.] [P. spathifera var. yerburyi Emery, 1901f: 118. Nomen nudum.]

332

Spedes-Group Taxa

ttyomensis. Pheidole peguensis r. yomensis Forel, 1903c: 253 (s.) BURMA. #zambesiana. Pheidole sculpturata r. zambesiana Forel, 1913a: 133 (s.w.) ZIMBABWE. zeteki. Pheidole (Decapheidole) zeteki Smith, M.R. 1947h: 194 (w.) PANAMA. zimmermani. Pheidole umbonata subsp. zimmermani Wheeler, W.M. 1936f: 6 (s.w.q.m.) TAHITI. Junior synonym of umbonata: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 50. #zoceana. Pheidole nodgii var. zoceana Santschi, 1925f: 83 (s.w.) CHINA (name misspelled as noggii). PHEIDOLOGETON (Old World tropics) aberrans. Pheidologeton aberrans Santschi, 1937d: 2 3 1 , figs. 5, 6 (q.) ANGOLA. aborensis Wheeler, W.M. 1913; see under

OLIGOMYRMEX. affinis. Oecodoma affinis Jerdon, 1 8 5 1 : 1 1 0 (s.w.) INDIA. Emery, 1893e: 212 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1954a: 138 (1.). Combination in Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858b: 174; in Pheidologeton: Roger, 1863b: 30. Senior synonym of bellicosa and laboriosa (and its junior synonym calida): Emery, 1893e: 206; of australis and mjobergi: Taylor, 1991b: 608. Current subspecies: nominal plus javana, minor, spinosior, sumatrensis. See also: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 1 6 4 . tialbipes. Pheidologeton pygmaeus var. albipes Emery, 1893g: 266 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Combination in Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 214; in Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 118. *antiquus Mayr, 1868; see under OLIGOMYRMEX. arnoldi Forel, 1914; see under OLIGOMYRMEX. arnoldi. Pheidologeton arnoldi Santschi, 1928f: 198, fig. 4 (s.w.q.) NAMIBIA. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of arnoldi Forel, 1914d: 2 4 2 , above.] Replacement name: kunensis Ettershank, 1 9 6 6 : 1 1 9 . australis. Pheidologeton affinis var. australis Forel, 1915b: 68 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA. Forel, 1918a: 722 (s.). Raised to species: Fore! 1918a: 7 2 1 . Junior syn­ onym of affinis: Taylor, 1991b: 608. bellicosa. Atta bellicosa Smith, F. 1858b: 164 (s.w.) BURMA. Combination in Pheidologeton: Mayr, 1886c: 360. Junior synonym of affinis: Emery, 1893e:206. *bohemicus Novak, O. 1878; see under

OLIGOMYRMEX. #bugnioni. Pheidologeton (Aneleus) pygmaeus var. bugnioniPorel 1915a: 28 (s.) SRI LANKA. Combina­ tion in Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 214; in Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 118. butteli Forel, 1913; see under OLIGOMYRMEX. calida. Solenopsis calida Smith, F. 1 8 6 3 : 2 2 (q.) INDONE­ SIA (Seram I.). Combination in Pheidologeton: Mayr, 1862: 750. Junior synonym of laboriosa: Mayr, 1867a: 100. ceylonensis. Pheidologeton pygmaeus subsp. ceylonensis Forel, 191 li: 2 2 0 (w.q.) SRI LANKA. Forel, 1912n: 53 (s.w.). Combination in Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 214; in Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 118. Raised to species: Forel, 1915a: 2 8 . crassiuscula Emery, 1900; see under OLIGOMYRMEX. ttdensistriatus. Pheidologeton (Aneleus) pygmaeus var. densistriatus Stitz, 1925: 120 (w.) n o locality given. dentiviris. Pheidologeton dentiviris Forel, 1913f: 192 (m.) TAIWAN. Santschi, 1937h: 372 (q.). Combina­

tion in Idrisella: Santschi, 1937h: 372; in Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 118. diversus. Oecodoma diversa Jerdon, 1 8 5 1 : 1 0 9 (s.w.) INDIA. Emery, 1893e: 2 1 2 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1954a: 135 (!); Imai, Baroni Urbani, et al. 1984: 7 (k.). Combination in Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858b: 17'4; in Pheidologeton:Roger, 1863b: 30. Senior synonym of megacephala, ocellifera and pabulator: Emery, 1893e: 206; oimegacephalotes: Dalla Torre, 1893: 73; of militaris and polita: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 458, 4 6 3 , respectively. Current subspecies: norninal plus draco, fktus, laotinus, macgregori, philippinus, standfussi, taprobanae, tenuirugosus, williamsi. See also: Bingham, 1 9 0 3 : 1 6 3 ; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 85; Moffett, 1984: 7. #draco. Pheidologeton diversus st. draco Santschi, 1920h: 163 (s.w.q.) VIETNAM. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1924c: 101.] #fictus. Pheidologeton diversus var. ficta Forel, 1911 d: 386 (w.) VIETNAM. hammoniae. Pheidologeton hammoniae Stitz, 1923: 157, fig. 2 (s.w.) NAMIBIA. hostilis. Atta hostilis Smith, F. 1858b: 165 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in Pheidologeton: Mayr, 1866b: 8 9 9 . ttjavana. Pheidologeton affinis var. javana Emery, 1893e: 212 (w.) JAVA. kunensis. Pheidologeton kunensis Ettershank, 1966: 119. Replacement name for arnoldi Santschi, 1928f: 198. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of arnoldi Forel, 1914d: 242.] laboriosa. Solenopsis laboriosa Smith, F. 1861b: 4 8 (s.w.) SULAWESI.Mayr, 1867a: 101 (q.). Combinationin Pheidologeton: Mayr, 1862: 7 5 0 . Senior synonym of calida: Mayr, 1867a: 100. Junior synonym of affinis: Emery, 1893e: 206. lamellifrons Forel, 1902; see under OLIGOMYRMEX. ttlaotinus. Pheidologeton diversus var. laotina Santschi, 1920h: 162 (s.w.q.) LAOS. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1924c: 100.] maccus. Pheidologeton maccus Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 52 (s.w.) PHILIPPINES. ttmacgregori. Pheidologeton diversus subsp. macgregori Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 50, fig. 6 (w.) PHILIPPINES. mayri. Pheidologeton mayri Santschi, 1928f: 201 (q.) n o locality given (Afrotropical). megacephala. Pheidole megacephala Smith, F. 1860b: 112 (w.) INDONESIA (Batjan I.). Combination in Pheidologeton: Roger, 1863b: 30. Junior synonym of diversus: Emery, 1893e: 2 0 6 . megacephalotes. Pheidole megacephalotes Dalla Torre, 1892: 90. [Unnecessary replacement name for megacephala Smith, above.] Junior synonym of megacephala: Dalla Torre, 1893: 7 3 . melanocephalus. Pheidologeton melanocephalus Donisthorpe, 1948g: 134 (s.w.) NEW GUINEA. militaris. Pheidole militaris Smith, F. 1860a: 7 4 (s.w.) SULAWESI. Junior synonym of diversus: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 5 8 . minimus Emery, 1900; see under OLIGOMYRMEX. #minor. Pheidologeton affinis var. minor Emery, 1900c: 326 (s.q.) NEW GUINEA. mjobergi. Pheidologeton australis var. mjobergi Forel, 1918a: 723 (q.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of affinis: Taylor, 1991b: 608..

nanus. Pheidologeton nanus Roger, 1863a: 191 (s.w.q.) SRI LANKA. See also: Mayr, 1897:429. obscurus. Pheidologeton obscurus Viehmeyer, 1914c: 37 (w.) JAVA. ocellifera. Pheidole ocellifera Smith, F. 1858b: 174 (w.) BURMA. Combination in Pheidologeton: Mayr, 1862: 750. Junior synonym of diversus: Emery, 1893e: 206. pabulator. Pheidolepabulator Smith, F. 1860b: 112 (s.w.) INDONESIA (BatjanL). Combinationin Pheidologeton: Mayr, 1886b: 362. Junior synonym of diversus: Emery, 1893e: 206. perpusillum Emery, 1895; see under OLIGOMYRMEX. pendens. Pheidologeton pendens Santschi, 1920h: 164 (s.w.q.) LAOS. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1924c: 103.] ^philippinus. Pheidologeton diversus subsp. philippinus Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 46 (s.w.q.m.) PHILIPPINES. pilosior. Pheidologeton diversus subsp. fictus var. pilosior Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 45 (s.) PHILIPPINES. Unavailable name. polita. Myrmica polita Smith, F. 1860b: 108 (w.) INDO­ NESIA (Batjan I.). Junior synonym of diversus: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 6 3 . pullatus. Pheidologeton pullatus Santschi, 1920h: 165 (q.) JAVA. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1924c: 104.] pungens. Solenopsis pungens Smith, F. 1861b: 4 8 (s.w.) SULAWESI. Combination in Pheidologeton: Emery, 1922f:213. pygmaeus. Pheidologeton pygmaeus Emery, 1887b: 465 (s.w.) INDONESIA (Ternate I.). Combination in P. (Aneleus): Emery, 1900c: 327; in Aneleus: Emery, 1922f: 214; in Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966:119. Current subspecies: norninal plus albipes. bugnioni, densistriatus. ruber. Pheidole rubra Smith, F. 1860b: 111 (s.w.) INDO­ NESIA (Batjan I.). Combination in Pheidologeton: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 4 6 4 . Senior synonym of rubrobrunea: n e w s y n o n y m y . rubrobrunea. Pheidole rubrobrunea Dalla Torre, 1892: 91. [Unnecessary replacement name for Pheidole rubra Smith, F. 1860b: 111, above.] Junior synonym of ruber: n e w s y n o n y m y . *rugiceps.*Myrmica rugiceps Heer, 1850: 160, p ! 13, fig. 2 (q.) SWITZERLAND (Miocene). Combinationin Pheidologeton: Assmann, 1 8 7 0 : 4 0 . rugosus. Pheidologeton rugosus Karavaiev, 1935a: 95 (S.w.) JAVA. sarasinorum Emery, 1901; see under OLIGOMYRMEX. *schossnicensis. * Pheidologeton schossnicensis Assmann, 1 8 7 0 : 4 0 , pi. 1, fig. 3 (wing) GERMANY (Miocene). silenus. Pheidole silenus Smith, F. 1858b: 176 (s.w.) SIN­ GAPORE. Combination in Pheidologeton: Mayr, 1862: 7 5 1 . Senior synonym of speculifrons: Ettershank, 1966: 119. silvestrii. Pheidologeton silvestrii Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 51 (s.) PHILIPPINES. simalurensis Forel, 1915; see under OLIGOMYRMEX. solitarius. Pheidologetonsolitarius Stitz, 1910:141 (q.) TOGO. speculifrons. Amauromyrmex speculifrons Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 1, fig. 1 (w.) BORNEO. Junior synonym of silenus: Ettershank, 1966:119. tispinosior. Pheidologeton affinis var. spinosior Forel, 1911d: 372 (w.) SUMATRA.

Species- Group Taxa

333

PHEIDOLOGETON

s y n o n y m of cordata: Emery, 1887a: 2 4 9 . Revived

(continued)

from synonymy: Emery, 1912g: 2 4 . spinosus Forel, 1907; see under #standfussi.

OLIGOMYRMEX.

Pheidologeton diversus subsp. standfussi

Forel, 191 Id: 386 (w.) GUINEA. ^sumatrensis.

Pheidologeton affinis var. sumatrensis Forel,

1913k: 55 (w.q.) SUMATRA.

W.M. 1922a: 78 (w.q.) ZAIRE. Junior s y n o n y m of

decipiens. Iridomyrmex myrmecodiae var. decipiens Forel, 1901b: 23 (w.q.m.) BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO.

(w.) GABON. Stitz, 1 9 1 0 : 1 3 0 (q.). Combinationin

(w.q.) BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO. Combinationin

name.

cordata: Dahl, 1901: 13. Revived from synonymy as Pheidole taprobanae Smith, F. 1858b: 175

1950e: 246.

Bothroponera gabonensis Andre, 1892a: 50

Pachycondyla (Bothroponera): Emery, 1901a: 45; in

Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. Junior synonym of

(q.) SRI LANKA. Emery, 1901f: 119 (s.w.). Combi­

gabonensis.

1901: 13.

Santschi, 1933d: 1 (q.) PHILIPPINES. Unavailable ^taprobanae.

gabonensis:Brown,

Nomen nudum; material referred to cordata by Dahl, #fusca. Iridomyrmex cordatus r. fuscus Forel, 1901b: 23

tagalus. Pheidologeton diversus st. macgregori var. tagalus

fecunda. Phymoponera gabonensis var. fecunda Wheeler,

subspecies of cordata: Emery, 1912g: 24.

Phrynoponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53. Senior syn­ onym of esta, fecunda, robustior, striatidens and umbrosa:Brown,

1950e: 246.

heteroda. Phrynoponera heterodus Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 78 (q.) ZAIRE.

jactans. Iridomyrmex cordatus subsp. fuscus var. jactans

robustior. Pachycondyla (Bothroponera) gabonensis var.

nation in Pheidologeton: Roger, 1863b: 30. Variety of

Forel, 191 la: 4 8 (w.q.m.) SINGAPORE. Unavailable

robustior Santschi, 1919h: 82 (w.) ZAIRE. Combina­

diversus: Emery, 1901f: 119. Junior s y n o n y m of

n a m e (Shattuck, 1 9 9 4 : 1 3 8 ) .

tion in Phrynoponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 774.

diversus: Bingham, 1903: 162. Revived from synon­ ymy as variety of diversus: Forel, 191 li: 220; Emery, 1922f:212. tttenuirugosus.

Iridomyrmex laevigatus Emery, 1895k: 475

(w.) BURMA. Viehmeyer, 1916a: 142 (q.m.). Com­ bination in Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18.

Pheidologeton diversus subsp. tenuirugosus

Wheeler, W M . 1929g: 4 4 (s.w.) PHILIPPINES. transversalis.

laevigata

Solenopsis transversalis Smith, F. 1860a:

7 4 (s.) SULAWESI. Combination in Pheidologeton: Mayr, 1 8 6 2 : 7 5 1 .

^mandibularis.

varius. Pheidologeton varius Santschi, 1920h: 163

striatidens Santschi, 1914d: 315, fig. 4 (w.)

Iridomyrmex myrmecodiae var.

CAMEROUN. Combination in Phrynoponera:

mandibularis Santschi, 1928h: 131 (m.) SUMATRA (name misspelled as myrmecordia). Combination in Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. myrmecodiae.

Junior synonym of gabonensis: Brown, 1950e: 246. striatidens. Pachycondyla (Bothroponera) gabonensis var.

Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 78. Junior s y n o n y m of gabonensis: Brown, 1950e: 246. sveni. Pachycondyla (Bothroponera) sveniPorel,

Iridomyrmex cordatus var. myrmecodiae

Emery, 1887a: 249 (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Combi­

1916:

398 (w.) ZAIRE. Combination in Phrynoponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 80.

(s.w.m.) VIETNAM. [Also described as n e w by

nation in Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. Raised to

Santschi, 1924c: 102.]

species: Emery, 1900d: 694. Junior s y n o n y m of

Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 78 (w.) ZAIRE. Junior syn-

cordata: Dahl, 1 9 0 1 : 1 3 . Revived from synonymy,

onyrn of gabonensis: Brown, 1950e: 246.

vespillo. Pheidologeton vespillo Wheeler, W.M. 1921c: 533 (S.w.) CHINA.

status as species: Forel, 1903d: 407; Emery, 1912g:

volsellata. Pheidologeton volsellata Santschi, 1937b: 100

plus andamanensis, mandibularis,

(m.) CAMEROUN. #williamsi.

Pheidologeton diversus subsp. williamsi

Wheeler, W M . 1929g: 4 9 (s.w.m.) PHILIPPINES. yanoi. PheidologetonyanoiPorel,

1912a: 57 (w.q.) TAI­

WAN. Forel, 1913f: 192 (m.). See also: Wheeler, W M . 1930a: 100. PHILIDRIS (Oriental, Indo-Australian) 1 9 2 1 : 4 7 2 (w.) FUI IS. Combination in Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. #alticola. Iridomyrmex nagasau subsp. alticola Mann, 1 9 2 1 : 4 7 2 (w.) FUI IS. Combination in Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. Iridomyrmex myrmecodiae var.

andamanensisEorel,

1903d: 407 (w.m.) ANDAMAN

IS. Combination in Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. brunnea. Pseudolasius brunneus Donisthorpe, 1949b: 504 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. butteli. Iridomyrmex cordatus r. protensus var. butteli Fore! 1913k: 90 (w.q.) SUMATRA. Unavailable name (Shattuck, 1994: 138). cordata. Formica cordata Smith, F. 1859a: 137 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). [Unresolved junior primary

nigriventris.

nagasau. Iridomyrmex nagasau Mann, 1 9 2 1 : 4 7 0 , fig. 27 (w.) FUI IS. Combination in Philidris: Shattuck,

Iridomyrmex myrmecodiae var. nigriventris

Donisthorpe, 1941h: 60 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Donisthorpe, 1943d:455 (m.). Combinationin Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. trprotensa. Iridomyrmex cordatus subsp. protensus Forel,

Iridomyrmex pubescens Donisthorpe, 1949b:

4 9 9 (q.) NEW GUINEA. Combination in Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. simalurana. Iridomyrmex cordatus r. fuscus var. simaluranaPorel,

1915a: 34 (w.) SUMATRA. Unavailable

n a m e (Shattuck, 1 9 9 4 : 1 3 9 ) . #stewartii.

1985:297. Plagiolepis adynata n e w n a m e . Replacement

name for flava Karavaiev, 1935a: 110. [Junior pri­ mary h o m o n y m of flava Mayr, 1862: 699.] Plagiolepis alluaudi Emery, 1894a: 71 (w.)

SEYCHELLE IS. Forel, 1907a: 30 (q.). Senior syn­

1893d: 456 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combinationin

o n y m of augusti, foreli, mactavishi and omata: Smith,

Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. Variety/subspecies of

M.R. 1958b: 196. See also: Smith, D.R. 1 9 7 9 : 1 4 2 3 .

myrmecodiae: Forel, 1902h: 541; of cordata: Taylor &

ampeloni. Aporomyrmex ampeloni Faber, 1969: 54, figs.

Brown, D.R. 1 9 8 5 : 9 7 .

3 - 7 , 1 4 - 1 6 , 1 9 , 2 1 , 2 3 , 2 4 (q.m.) AUSTRIA. Combi­

waldoi. Iridomyrmex cordatus subsp. fuscus var. waldoi

PHRYNOPONERA

armata. Pachycondyla (Bothroponera) armata Santschi,

(Afrotropical)

1919h: 82 (w.) ZAIRE. Combmation in Phrynoponera:Wheeler, bequaerti.

W.M. 1922a: 7 7 3 .

Phrynoponera bequaerti Wheeler,

W.M.

1922a: 79, fig. 12 (q.) ZAIRE. esta. Phrynoponera gabonensis var. esta Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 77 (w.q.) ZAIRE. Junior s y n o n y m of gabonensis: Brown,

1950e: 246.

nation in Plagiolepis: n e w c o m b i n a t i o n . ancyrensis.

Plagiolepis maura var. ancyrensis Santschi,

I920g: 171, fig. 1 (w.q.) TURKEY. Finzi, 1936: 184 (m.). Variety oipallescens: Emery, 1925b: 21; Menozzi, 1933b: 7 8 . Raisedto species: Tohme, G.

Shattuck, 1992a: 18. Current subspecies: norninal

Species-Group Taxa

(Old World tropical and temperate)

Plagiolepis exigua r. abyssinica Forel, 1894b:

alluaudi.

Iridomyrmex cordatus var. stewartii Forel,

W.M.

73 (w.) ETHIOPIA. Raised to species: Collingwood, adynata.

659; in Iridomyrmex: Emery, 1887a: 249; in Philidris:

334

*Pityomyrmex tornquistrWheeler,

abyssinica.

pubescens.

(Madagascar)

1915h: 99, fig. 48 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). PLAGIOLEPIS

Unavailable n a m e (Shattuck, 1 9 9 4 : 1 3 9 ) .

1887a: 249; in Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18. Junior

CREMATOGASTER.

"PTTYOMYRMEX (Baltic Amber) *tornquisti.

1911a: 4 7 (w.q.m.) BORNEO. Combination in

68 ( k ) . Combination in Hypoclinea: Mayr, 1879:

SIA (Batjan I.). Combination in Iridomyrmex: Emery,

see under

figs. 1, 2 (w.) MADAGASCAR.

Philidris: Shattuck, 1992a: 18.

Forel, 1911a: 48 (w.) THAILAND. [Also described as

1994: 136.

ttPHYSOCREMA:

besmerus. Pilotrochus besmerus Brown, 1978a: 2 2 1 ,

n e w by Forel, 191 l g : 285; unavailable name.]

cruda. Formica cruda Smith, F. 1860b: 95 (w.) JNDONE-

PHYSATTA: see under MYRMICARIA.

PILOTROCHUS

Emery, 1887a: 250 (q.m.); Imai, Brown, etal. 1984:

1926d: 435; Tjan, Imai, etal. 1986: 58; Shattuck,

CERAPACHYS.

1992a: 18. Current subspecies: nominal plus agnata,

h o m o n y m of *Formica cordata Holl, 1 8 2 9 : 1 4 0 . ]

plus fusca, protensa, stewartii. See also: Karavaiev,

PHYRACACES: see under

alticola. ^nigriventris.

ttagnata. Iridomyrmex nagasau subsp. agnatus Mann,

^andamanensis.

25; Mann, 1919: 362. Current subspecies: nominal

umbrosa. Phrynoponera gabonensis var. umbrosa

1969: 10. arnoldii. Plagiolepis amoldii DIussky, in DIussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 161, fig. 16 (w.q.) TURKMENISTAN. tratlantis. Plagiolepis maura var. atlantis Santschi, 1920g: 171 (w.q.m.) TUNISIA. Subspecies of pallescens: cur­ rent status. augusti. Plagiolepis augusti Emery, 1921d: 317. Replace­ ment n a m e for foreli Mann, 1 9 2 1 : 4 7 3 . [Junior pri-

mary h o m o n y m of foreli Santschi, 1920g: 165.] Junior synonym of alluaudi: Smith, M.R. 1958b: 196. balestrierii. Plagiolepis balestrierii Menozzi, 1939a: 310, figs. 11, 12 (w.q.) INDIA. barbara. Plagiolepis pygmaea var. barbara Santschi, 191 li: 286 (w.m.) TUNISIA. Santschi, 1920g: 172 (q.). Raised to species: Santschi, 1920g: 172. Junior synonym oischmitzii: Collingwood, 1978: 7 1 . bicolor. Plagiolepis bicolorEorel, 1901b: 2 4 (w.) BIS­ MARCK ARCHIPELAGO. Forel, 1912d: 109 (q.). Combination in Acropyga: Dahl, 1901:12; in Plagiolepis: Porel, 1912d: 109. bothae Forel, 1907; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. braunsi Forel, 1913; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. brunni. Plagiolepis brunni Mayr, 1895: 148 (w.) MOZAMBIQUE. Forel, 1914d: 2 4 8 (q.m.). Current subspecies: nominal plus nilotica, pubescens. See also: Arnold, 1 9 2 2 : 6 0 4 . ^bulawayensis. Plagiolepis (Plagiolepis) pygmaea var. bulawayensis Arnold, 1922: 601 (w.q.) ZIMBABWE. ttcanariensis. Plagiolepis barbara var. canadensis Santschi, 1920g: 173 (w.q.m.) CANARY IS. Subspe­ cies of schmittii: current status. capensis. Plagiolepis capensis Mayr, 1865: 55 (q.) SOUTH AFRICA. carinata Emery, 1899; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. chirindensis. Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis) chirindensis Arnold, 1949: 269, fig. 9 (w.) ZIMBABWE. clarki. Plagiolepis clarki Wheeler, W.M. 1934d: 157 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA. Current subspecies: nominal plus impasta. crosi. Plagiolepis schmitzi st. crosi Santschi, 1920g: 168, fig. 1 (w.q.) ALGERIA. Wheeler, G.C. 8- Wheeler, J. 1953c: 135 (1.). Raised to species: Emery, 1925b: 20; Santschi, 1931a: 10. Junior synonym olschmitzii: Collingwood, 1 9 7 8 : 7 1 . deceptor Arnold, 1922; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. decolor'Emery, 1895; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. decora. Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis) decora Santschi, 1914e: 36, fig. 9 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Arnold, 1922: 582 (q.). demangei. Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis) demangei > Santschi, 1920h: 172 (w.) VIETNAM. [Also described as n e w by Santschi, 1924c: 112.] detrita Emery, 1892; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. deweti. PlagiolepisdewetiForel, 1904f:423 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in P. (Anacantholepis): Forel, 1914d: 2 4 9 . dichroa. Plagiolepis dichroa Forel, 1902c: 235 (foot­ note) (w.) INDIA. dufourii.Micromyrmadufourii Perris, 1 8 7 8 : 3 8 2 (w.) FRANCE. Junior synonym of Tapinoma erraticum: Dalla Torre, 1893:165; Emery, 1912g: 40; Fore! 1915d: 43; oi pygmaea: Menozzi, 1925a: 19 (foot­ note). ^elguerrhae. Plagiolepis (Plagiolepis) pallescens var. elguerrhaeKaravaiev, 1931a: 311, fig. 2 (w.q.) ALGE­ RIA. exigua. Plagiolepis exigua Forel, 1894c: 4 1 7 (w.q.) INDIA. Viehmeyer, 1916a: 145 (m.). Current sub­ species: nominal plus quadrimaculata. fallax Mayr, 1865; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. flava Mayr, 1862; see under ACROPYGA.

flava. Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis) flava Karavaiev, 1935a: 110 (w.) VIETNAM. [Junior primary h o m ­ o n y m oi flava Mayr, 1862: 699, above.] Replace­ ment name: adynata n e w n a m e . flavescens. Plagiolepis flavescens Collingwood, 1976: 307, fig. 5 (w.) KOREA. flavidula Roger, 1863; see under BRACHYMYRMEX. foreli. Plagiolepis foreli Santschi, 1920g: 165, fig. 1 (w.) SWITZERLAND. Variety of alluaudi: Emery, 1921d: 318. Junior synonym of alluaudi: Smith, M.R. 1958b: 196. foreli. Plagiolepis foreli Mann, 1 9 2 1 : 4 7 3 (w.) FIJI IS. [Junior primary h o m o n y m of foreli Santschi, above.] Replacement name: augusti Emery, 1921d: 317. funicularis. Plagiolepis funicularis Santschi, 1919a: 344 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. fuscula. Plagiolepis fuscula Emery, 1895h: 4 5 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in P. (Anacantholepis): Emery, 1925b: 2 2 . gaetula. Plagiolepis schmitzi st. crossi var. gaetula Santschi, 1936c: 2 0 5 , fig. 4 (w.) MOROCCO. Unavailable name. gertrudaeTore! 1900; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. grassei. PlagiolepisgrasseiLe Masne, 1956: 673 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. See also: Passera, 1969: 327. hirsuta Emery, 1892; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. hoggarensis. Plagiolepis hoggarensis Bernard, 1981a: 172, fig. 1 (w.) ALGERIA. #impasta. Plagiolepis clarki subsp. impasta Wheeler, W.M. 1934d: 158 (w.) AUSTRALIA. intermedia. Plagiolepis pygmaea var. intermedia Emery, 1895h:45 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. Raised to species: Emery, 192Id: 316. Current subspecies: nominal plus minutula. #isis. Plagiolepis pallescens var. isis Santschi, 1938a: 39, fig. 8 (w.q.) EGYPT, jerdonii. Plagiolepis jerdonii Forel, 1894c: 4 1 6 (w.) INDIA. jouberti. PlagiolepisjoubertiForel, 1910f: 23 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Combination in P. (Anacantholepis): Santschi, 1914b: 122. #kabyla. Plagiolepis maura var. kabyla Santschi, 1920g: 170, fig. 1 (w.m.) TUNISIA. Subspecies of pallescens: current status. karavaevi. Plagiolepis karavaevi Arnol'di, 1 9 4 8 : 2 1 2 . Nomen nudum, karawajewi. Plagiolepis karawajewi Radchenko, 1989b: 154, figs. 1-6 (w.q.m.) UKRAINE. karrooensis Arnold, 1922; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. *klinsmanni. * Plagiolepis klinsmanni Mayr, 1868c: 37, pi. 1, figs. 1 9 , 2 0 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). Wheeler, W M . 19I5h: 101 (m.). *kuenowi. *Plagiolepis kuenowi Mayr, 1868c: 39, p ! 1, figs. 22, 23 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). ' *labilis. *Plagiolepis labilis Emery, 1891a: 154, pi. 3, figs. 2 9 - 3 2 (w.) SICILIAN AMBER (Miocene). livingstonei. Plagiolepis livingstonei Santschi, 1926b: 245 (w.q.m.) ZAMBIA. luddula. Plagiolepis lutidulaVfheeler,V/.M. 1934d: 155 (w.) AUSTRALIA. macgregori Arnold, 1922; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. mactavishi. Plagiolepis mactavishi Wheeler, W.M. 1908c: 166 (w.) SOCIETY IS. Wheeler, W.M. 1922f: 318

(q.); Santschi, 1928b: 37 (m.). Junior synonym of alluaudi: Smith, M.R. 1958b: 196. madecassa. Plagiolepis pygmaea r. madecassa Forel, 18921: 241 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Forel, 1895c: 245 (q.m.). Raised to species: Forel, 1892k: 519. ^madeirensis. Plagiolepis barbara var. madeirensis Emery, 1921d: 315, fig. I (w.) MADEIRA. Subspecies of schmitzii: current status. manczshurica. Plagiolepis pygmaea var. manczshurica Ruzsky, 1905b: 467 (w.) RUSSIA. Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 8 (q.). Raisedto species: Santschi, 1925f: 95. #maura. Plagiolepis maura Santschi, 1920g: 169, fig. 1 (w.q.m.) MOROCCO. Subspedes/stirps of pallescens: Emery, 1924a: 8; Santschi, 1936c: 2 0 6 . mediorufa. Plagiolepis pygmaea var. mediorufa Forel, 1 9 1 6 : 4 3 7 (w.) ZAIRE. Raised to spedes: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 2 1 3 . mediterranea Mayr, 1866; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. melanaria Arnold, 1922; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. #mima. Plagiolepis (Plagiolepis) pygmaea var. mima Arnold, 1922: 602 (w.) ZIMBABWE. #minu. Plagiolepis pygmaea var. minu Forel, 191 Id: 350 (w.) GREECE. ttminutula. Plagiolepis intermedia var. minutula Emery, 1921d: 316, fig. 2 (w.q.) SOUTH AFRICA. moelleri. Plagiolepis moelleri Bingham, 1903: 321 (w.) INDIA. Combination in P. (Anacantholepis): Emery, 1925b: 2 3 . montivaga. Plagiolepis montivaga Arnold., 1958: 124, fig. 5 (w.) LESOTHO. #nUotica. Plagiolepis brunni var. nilotica Mayr, 1904b: 7 (w.) SUDAN. Subspedes of brunni: Forel, 1907a: 30. nitida. Plagiolepis (Plagiolepis) nitida Karavaiev, 1935a: 109 (w.) CAMBODIA. nuptialis Santschi, 1917; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. nynganensis. Plagiolepis nynganensis McAreavey, 1949: 23, figs. 66, 67 (w.) AUSTRALIA. obscuriscapa. Plagiolepis pygmaea var. obscuriscapus Santschi, 1923a: 137 (w.) ITALY. Starcke, 1 9 3 6 : 2 7 8 (q.). Raised to spedes: Agosti &• Collingwood, 1987a: 57. opadventris Emery, 1899; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. omata. Plagiolepis foreli var. omata Santschi, 1920g: 166 (w.) NEW CALEDONIA. Variety of alluaudi: Emery, 1921 d: 318. Junior synonym of alluaudi: Smith, M.R. 1958b: 196. pallescens. Plagiolepis pygmaea var. pallescens Forel, 1 8 8 9 : 2 6 5 (w.) GREECE. Santschi, 191 li: 287 (q.); Finzi, 1928c: 7 9 0 (m.). Variety of pygmaea: Ruzsky, 1902d: 18; Santschi, 1920g: 168. Raised to spedes: Emery, 1921d: 315; Finzi, 1928c: 790; Karavaiev, 1931a: 3 1 1 . Current subspedes: nominal plus atlan­ tis, elguerrhae, isis, kabyla, maura, polygyna. sordida. See also: Menozzi, 1936d: 297. pernix viehmeyer, 1923; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. pictipes. Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis) pictipes Santschi, 1914b: 122, fig. 25 (w.) KENYA. pilipes Emery, 1892; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. pissina. Plagiolepispissina Roger, 1863a: 162 (w.) SRI LANKA. Upolita. Plagiolepis (Anacantholepis) vanderkeleni st. polita Santschi, 1914e: 37, fig. 10 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. ttpolygyna. Plagiolepis maura var. palygyna Santschi, 1922a: 67 (w.q.) TUNISIA. [Justified emendation of

Species-Group Taxa

335

PLAGIOLEPIS

(continued)

spelling to polygyna: Emery, 1925b: 21.] Subspecies of pallescens: current status. pontii. Plagiolepis pontil Menozzi, 1939a: 309, figs. 9, 10 (w.) INDIA. #pubescens. Plagiolepis brunni var. pubescens Fore! 1913a: 140 (w.) ZIMBABWE. puncta. Plagiolepis pygmaea var. punctum Forel I910e: 4 4 8 (w.m.) SOUTH AFRICA. Arnold, 1922: 602 (q.). Variety of pygmaea: Arnold, 1922: 602; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 930. Raised to species: Emery, 192Id: 317; Emery, 1925b: 2 1 . pygmaea. Formica pygmaea Latreille, 1 7 9 8 : 4 5 (w.q.) FRANCE. Schenck, 1852: 69 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 135 (1). Combinationin Plagiolepis: Mayr, 1861: 43. Senior s y n o n y m of dufourii:Menozzi, 1925a: 19 (footnote). Current subspecies: nominal plus bulawayensis, mima, minu. See also: Stitz, 1939: 231; Kutter, 1977c: 185. #pyrenaica. Plagiolepis barbara var. pyrenaica Emery, 1921d: 315, fig. I (w.) FRANCE. Subspecies of schmitzii: current status. ttquadrimaculata. Plagiolepis exigua var. quadrimaculata Forel, 1902h: 4 8 3 (w.m.) AUSTRALIA. regis. Plagiolepis (Plagiolepis) regis Karavaiev, 1931a: 312, fig. 3 (w.q.m.) TURKESTAN. Combmation in Aporomyrmex: Faber, 1969: 63; in Plagiolepis: DIussky & Zabelin, 1 9 8 5 : 2 3 4 . rogeri. Plagiolepis rogeri Forel, 1894c: 417 (w.) INDIA. rothneyi Forel, 1894; see under LEPISIOTA. rufescens Santschi, 1917; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. satunini. Plagiolepis (Plagiolepis) satunini Karavaiev, 1931a: 314, fig. 4 (w.) ARMENIA. schmitzii. Plagiolepis pygmaea var. schmitzii Forel, 1895d: 231 (w.q.) MADEIRA. Santschi, 191 li: 286 (m.). Raised to species: Santschi, 1920g: 168. Senior synonym of barbara and crosi: Collingwood, 1978: 7 1 . Current subspecies: nominal plus canadensis, madeirensis, pyrenaica, tingitana. simoni. Plagiolepis simoni Emery, 1921 d: 317, fig. n (w.) LESOTHO. simulans Santschi, 1908; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. *singuiaris. *Plagiolepis singularis Mayr, 1868c: 38 (q.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). *soiitaria. *Plagiolepis solitaria Mayr, 1868c: 40 (m.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). #sordida. Plagiolepis maura var. sordida Santschi, 1920g: 170, fig. 1 (w.q.) TUNISIA. Subspecies oi pallescens: current status. splendida Viehmeyer, 1916; see under LEPISIOTA. *squamifera. * Plagiolepis squamifera Mayr, 1868c: 40, pi. 1, fig. 2 4 (w.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). squamulosa. Plagiolepis squamulosa Wheeler, W.M. 1934d: 156 (w.) AUSTRALIA. steingroeveri Porel, 1894; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. *succini. *Plagiolepis sucdni Andre, 1895b: 81 (w.) BAL­ TIC AMBER (Oligocene). sudanica. Plagiolepis (Plagiolepis) sudanica Weber, 1943c: 381, pi. 16, fig. 38 (w.) SUDAN. sundaica Emery, 1921; see under LEPISIOTA. taivanae Forel, 1913; see under LEPISIOTA. taurica. Plagiolepis maura var. taurica Santschi, 1920g: 171 (w.) UKRAINE. Variety of pallescens: Emery,

336

Species-Group Taxa

1921d: 314; Santschi, 1922a: 67; oipygmaea: Karavaiev, 1931a: 309. Raisedto species: Radchenko, 1989b: 155. tenella Santschi, 1911; see under ANOPLOLEPIS. tttingitana. Plagiolepis schmitzi var. tingitana Santschi, 1936c: 205, fig. 3 (w.) MOROCCO. ^tricolor. Plagiolepis vanderkelleni var. tricolor Forel, 1910f: 2 4 (w.) BOTSWANA. trimenii Forel, 1895; see under tumidula Emery, 1915; see under

ANOPLOLEPIS. ANOPLOLEPIS.

vanderkelleni. Plagiolepis vanderkelleni Forel, 190Id: 310 (w.) ANGOLA. [Also described as n e w by Forel, 1903e: 564.] Combination in P. (Anacantholepis): Santschi, 1914e: 37. Current subspecies: nominal plus polita, tricolor. vindobonensis. Plagiolepis vindobenensis Lomnicki, 1925c: 77, figs, l ^ t (w.) AUSTRIA. Santschi, 1926f: 293 (q.); Boven, 1946: 9 (m.). Junior synonym of pygmaea: Bernard, 1967: 277. Revived from synon­ ymy: Kutter, 1977c: 189. See also: Collingwood, 1979:110; Atanassov & DIussky, 1 9 9 2 : 2 0 3 . watsonii Forel, 1894; see under

LEPISIOTA.

boliviano. Platythyrea meinerti st. boliviano Santschi, 1921g: 83 (w.) BOLIVIA. Junior synonym of sinuata: Brown, 1975: 9. brevidentata. Platythyrea cribrinodis var. brevidentata Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 759. Replacement name for punctata Arnold, 1915:24. [Junior secondary h o m ­ o n y m of Pachycondyla punctata Smith, F. 1858b: 108.] Junior synonym of cribrinodis: Brown, 1975: 8. brevinodis. Platythyrea cribrinodis var. brevinodis Santschi, 1914b: 4 7 (w.) KENYA. Santschi, 1935b: 2 5 7 (m.). Junior synonym of cribrinodis: Brown, 1975:8. brunnipes.

Eubothroponera brunnipes Clark, 1938: 361,

fig. 3 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Platythyrea: Brown, 1975: 8. cephalotes. Platythyrea cephalotes Viehmeyer, 1924a: 2 2 4 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of parallela: Brown, 1975: 8. ceylonensis. Platythyrea ceylonensis Donisthorpe, 1941j: 202 (w.q.) SRI LANKA. Junior synonym of parallela: Brown, 1975: 8. cineracea. Platythyrea cineracea Forel, 1886b: xxxix (w.)

wroughtoni Forel, 1902; see under LEPISIOTA.

GUATEMALA. Forel, 1899c: 4 (m.). Variety of

xene. Plagiolepisxene Starcke, 1 9 3 6 : 2 7 9 (q.) ITALY. Kutter, 1952: 61 (m.). Combination in P. (Paraplagiolepis): Faber, 1969: 65. See also: Bernard, 1967:278.

punctata: Forel, 1893g: 359; Forel, 1912c: 35. Junior synonym of punctata; Brown, 1975: 9. clypeata. Platythyrea clypeata Forel, 191Id: 378 (q.)

PLANIMYRMA: see under

APHAENOGASTER.

thwaitesi: Brown, 1975: 8. conradti. Platythyrea conradti Emery, 1899e: 4 6 4

PLATYSTRUMA: see under

SMITHISTRUMA.

PLATYTHYREA (World tropics) angusta. Platythyrea angusta Forel, 1901f: 336 (w.) TRINIDAD. annamita. Platythyrea coxalis var. annamita Forel, 1911 i: 215 (footnote) (w.) VIETNAM. Junior synonym of parallela: Brown, 1 9 7 5 : 8 . apicalis. Platythyrea lamellosa st. apicalis Santschi, 1937g: 7 1 , fig. 1 (w.) ZAIRE. Junior synonym of arnoldi: Brown, 1975: 8. arnoldi. Platythyrea arnoldi Forel, 1913J: 206 (w.) ZIMBABWE. Arnold, 1 9 2 6 : 1 9 7 (q.m.). Senior syn­ o n y m of apicalis: Brown, 1 9 7 5 : 8 . arthuri. Platythyrea arthuri Forel, 1910a: 15 (w.) MAD­ AGASCAR. aruana. Platythyrea melancholica var. aruana Karavaiev, 1925a: 75 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior syn­ o n y m of parallela: Wilson, 1958a: 151; Brown, 1975:8. australis. Platythyrea pusilla var. australis Forel, 1915b: 10 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1971b: 1198 (!). Junior synonym of parallela: Brown, 1975: 8. bequaerti. Platythyrea schultzei var. bequaerti Forel, 1913b: 307 (w.m.) ZAIRE. Subspecies oischultzei: Santschi, 1937g: 7 2 . Junior s y n o n y m of schultzei: Brown, 1975: 9. bicolor. Eubothroponera bicolor Clark, 1930c: 11, fig. 1 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of turneri: Brown, 1 9 7 5 : 9 . bicuspis. Platythyrea bicuspis Emery, 1899f: 2 6 8 (w.m.) MADAGASCAR. See also: Brown, 1975: 52. bidentata. Platythyrea bidentata Brown, 1975: 51, figs. 26, 2 8 (w.) PHILIPPINES.

"Pays de Mois" (S.E. Asia). Senior synonym of

(w.m.) CAMEROUN. Senior synonym of monodi: Brown, 1975: 8. cooperi. Platythyrea cooperi Arnold, 1915: 29 (w.m.) SOUTH AFRICA. coxalis. Platythyrea coxalis Emery, 1893e: 189 (footnote) (w.) WEST MALAYSIA. Viehmeyer, 1916a: 111 (q.). Junior synonym of parallela: Wilson, 1958a: 151. cribrinodis. Ponera cribrinodis Gerstacker, 1 8 5 9 : 2 6 2 (w.) MOZAMBIQUE. [Also described as n e w by Gerstacker, 1862: 504.] Emery, 1896i: 154 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. 8- Wheeler, J. 1971b: 1198 (1). Com­ bination in Platythyrea: Roger, 1863a: 173. Senior synonym of brevidentata and brevinodis: Brown, 1975: 8. crucheti. Platythyrea crucheti Santschi, 191 lg: 205 (w.) ANGOLA. cylindrica. Platythyrea coxalis var. cylindrica Forel, 1913k: 5, fig. A (q.) SUMATRA. Junior synonym of parallela: Brown, 1975: 8. cyriluli. Platythyrea cyriluli Forel, 1922: 88 (w.) ANGOLA. Junior synonym of schultzei: Brown, 1975:9. debilior. Platythyrea mocquerysi var. debilior Forel, 1907g: 76 (w.) MADAGASCAR. Junior synonym of mocquerysi: Brown, 1975: 8. dentinodis. Eubothroponera dentinodis Clark, 1930c: 9, fig. 1 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Combination in Platythyrea: Brown, 1975: 8. egena. Platythyrea pusilla var. egena Viehmeyer, 1916a: 111 (w.q.) SINGAPORE. Junior synonym of parallela: Brown, 1975: 8. exigua. Platythyrea exigua Kempi,

1964a: 142, figs. 1-3

(w.q.) BRAZIL. frontalis. Platythyrea frontalis Emery, 1899e: 4 6 6 (w.q.) CAMEROUN. See also: Brown, 1975:46.

gracillima. Platythyrea gracillima Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 59, fig. 5 (w.) ZAIRE. [Misspelled asgracilliensby Santschi, 1937g: 73.] See also: Brown, 1975: 52. grisea. Sima aethiops subsp. grisea Forel, 191 Of: 5 (m.) BOTSWANA. Junior synonym of lamellosa: Forel, 1913b: 307. incerta. Platythyrea incerta Emery, 1890a: 56 (w.) VENE­ ZUELA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1971b: 1198 (1.). Race of punctata: Forel, 1912c: 36. Junior syn­ o n y m of pilosula: Brown, 1 9 7 5 : 9 . inconspicua. Platythyrea inconspicua Mayr, 1870b: 961 (q.) SRI LANKA. Emery. 1890a: 56 (w.). Junior syn­ o n y m of punctata: Forel, 1901f: 335; Creighton, 1950a: 34; of parallela: Brown, 1975: 8. inermis.PlatythyreainermisPore), 1910d: 122 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Wheeler, G.C. 8- Wheeler, J. 1952a: 118 (1.). Senior synonym of maquilingl: Brown, 1975: 8. javana. Platythyrea coxalis wax. javana Forel, 1905c: 5 (w.q.) JAVA. Junior synonym of parallela: Brown, 1975:8. lamellosa. Ponera lamellosa Roger, 1860: 295 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Wheeler, G.C. 8- Wheeler, J. 1989b: 51 (1.). Combination in Platythyrea: Roger, 1863a: 173. Senior synonym of grisea: Forel, 1913b: 307; of longinoda, rhodesiana and suturalis: Brown, 1975:8.

Combination in Platythyrea: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 454. Senior synonym of aruana, coxalis and pusilla: Wilson, 1958a: 151; of pacifica: Wilson &• Taylor, 1967:20; of annamita, australis, cephalotes, ceylonensis, cylindrica, egena, inconspicua, javana, parva, philippinensis, pulchella, sechellensis, subtilis, tritschleri, victoriae andwroughtonii: Brown, 1975: 8. parva. Platythyrea parva Crawley, 1915a: 133 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of parallela: Brown, 1975:8.

sagei. Platythyrea sagei Forel, 1900d: 315 (w.) INDIA. See also: Brown, 1975: 52. schultzei. Platythyrea schultzei Forel 1910f: 3 (w.) NAMIBIA. Arnold, 1926: 195 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1989b: 51 (1). Senior synonym of bequaerti, cyriluli and lata, and material of the un­ available name recta referred here: Brown, 1975: 9.

penangensis. Platythyrea tricuspidata subsp. penangensis Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 29 (q.) WEST MALAYSIA. Junior s y n o n y m of tricuspidata: Brown, 1 9 7 5 : 9 .

septentrionalis. Eubothroponera septentrionalis Clark, 1934b: 34, pi. 2, fig. 17 (w.) AUSTRALIA. Junior synonym of turneri: Brown, 1975: 9.

philippinensis. Platythyrea coxalis var. philippinensis Viehmeyer, 1916b: 283 (w.) PHILIPPINES. Junior synonym of parallela: Brown, 1975: 8.

sinuata. Ponera sinuata Roger, 1860: 297 (w.m.) SURI­ NAM. Combination in Platythyrea: ROger, 1863a: 173. Senior s y n o n y m of boliviano and meinerti: Brown, 1975: 9.

pilosula. Ponera pilosula Smith, F. 1858b: 95 (w.) BRA­ ZIL. CorribmationinPiafj/r/iyrea.Mayr 1886c: 358; in Leptogenys: Emery, 191 Id: 106; in Platythyrea: Kempf, 1 9 6 5 : 1 8 1 . Senior s y n o n y m of incerta: Brown, 1975: 9. *primaeva. *Platythyreaprimaeva'Wheeler, W.M. 1915h: . 36, fig. 7 (w.q.) BALTIC AMBER (Oligocene). r

sechellensis. Platythyrea wroughtoni subsp. sechellensis Forel, 1912k: 159 (w.) SEYCHELLE IS. Junior syn­ onym of parallela: Brown, 1975: 8.

strenua. Platythyrea strenua Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 6, fig. 1 (w.) HATTL subtilis. Platythyrea subtilis Emery, I900d: 666 (foot­ note) (w.) BORNEO. Junior s y n o n y m of parallela: Brown, 1975: 8.

prizo. Platythyrea prizo Kugler, C. 1 9 7 7 : 2 1 6 , figs. 1-3 (w.) COSTARICA.

suturalis. Platythyrea lamellosa subsp. suturalis Forel, 1909b: 64 (w.) ANGOLA. Junior synonym of lamellosa:Brown, 1975: 8.

lata. Platythyrea schultzei v ar. lata Santschi, 1930a: 53 (w.) ZIMBABWE. Junior synonym of schultzei: Brown, 1975: 9.

pruinosa. Platythyrea pruinosa Mayr, 1870b: 962 (w.) MEXICO. Fore! 1893g: 358 (m.). Variety of punctata: Forel, 1901f: 335; Wheeler, W.M. 1917g: 457; Wheeler, W.M. 1923c: 3. Junior synonym of punctata: Wheeler, W.M. 1908a: 123; Brown, 1975:9.

tasmaniensis. Pachycondyla (Bothroponera) tasmaniensis Forel, 1913g: 176 (w.) TASMANIA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1971b: 1200 (!). Combination in Eubothroponera: Clark, 1934b: 32. Junior synonym of turneri: Brown, 1975: 9.

longinoda. Platythyrea lamellosa r. longinoda Forel, 1894b: 75 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA. Junior s y n o n y m of lamellosa: Brown, 1975: 8.

pulchella. Platythyrea pulchella Santschi, 1928h: 121 (w.) SUMATRA. Junior synonym of parallela: Brown, 1975: 8.

tenuis. Platythyrea tenuis Emery, 1899e: 4 6 7 (w.q.) CAMEROUN. See also: Brown, 1 9 7 5 : 4 5 .

maquilingi. Platythyrea maquilingi Wheeler, W.M. &• Chapman, 1925: 58, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2 (w.) PHILIP­ PINES. Junior synonym of inermis: Brown, 1975: 8.

punctata. Pachycondyla punctata Smith, F. 1858b: 108