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A7300 ASAM

During class please switch off your mobile, pager or other that may interrupt. Course objectives: The trainee will • Get an overview of the Alcatel implementation of the ADSL standard. • Get the principles off all boards used in an ASAM. • Get an overview of the Alcatel ASAM functionalities and features. • Get an introduction to the equipment layout. Entry level requirements: Intro to ADSL (IBCN0370) => general knowledge of ADSL technology Suggested duration: 1 day (or 7 hours) Normal class hours 08:30h => 12:00h 13:00h => 16:30h

This training document is based on the following Alcatel customer documentation of the Alcatel ADSL central office equipment: System description R4.2

3EC 17817 AAAA TQZZA

Unit Data sheets R4.2

3EC 17818 AAAA ACZZA

Hardware Installation procedure R4.2

3EC 17819 AAAA RJZZA

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

This presention must be read in the powerpoint SLIDESHOW mode, because it contains a lot of animation………..

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Table of content

▼

Access Network Architecture

▼

Hardware Architecture

▼

Hardware Evolution

▼

Concepts & features

▼

Release Feature List

▼

Roadmap

♣ ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: Shows the positioning of ADSL in an access network. The overview also shows the different products involved in the world of Internet. ♣ HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE: Here the functionality of the different building blocks is explained. Includes racks, shelf’s and the different board types. SD- & HD-release independent. ♣ HARDWARE EVOLUTION: In this chapter the layout and the possible hardware configurations are explained. This part is release dependent (SD, HD & UD)) ♣ CONCEPTS: Gives an overview of the ASAM (ATM Subscriber Access Multiplexer) functionality and features including: ♦ Principle of data storage and software ♦ Start-up principles ♦ Alive polling ♦ Permanent versus Switched Virtual Circuits (PVC ~ SVC) ♦ QOS (Quality of Service) ♦ CAC (Connection Admission Control) ♦ Policing ♦ ... ♣ RELEASE FEATURE LIST: Gives an overview of the features in the current releases. ♣ ROADMAP: Gives an overview of the features in the future releases

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Access Network Architecture

ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: Shows the positioning of xDSL in an access network. The overview also shows the different products involved in the world of Internet.

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Network Architecture - Products ACSG Analogue AS (NB) Modem

RADIUS

PSTN

LAN or FR

SMC

N-ISDN

BRI

ISP1

SNMP

RADIUS

NT

LAN or FR

ISP2

Internet

NMC AS (BB)

SMC

GUI

SNMP RADIUS

ISP3

ADSL

STM-1 SNMP

ATM AWS

ANT

STM-1

ASAM

PSTN

Above network represents the Alcatel products for Access to the Internet and/or intranet. All these products can be found in the lab of the Alcatel University Antwerp CID lab. Looking at this network we can identify different area’s

Top half: Narrow-Band Access • Network access through PSTN, either POTS or ISDN • Connect through dial-in procedure • POTS connection speed with today limitation of 56kbps downstream & 32kbps upstream • ISDN connection speed of n x 64kbps, typically 64kbps or 128kbps

Bottom half: Broad-Band Access • Network access through xDSL • Always-on principle • ADSL connection speed up to 8Mbps downstream & 900kbps upstream • Other xDSL technologies allow different and/or higher speeds

Left to right: Product ranges • Core, Edge, Access & CPE (see also next slide!) Management: • Management of elements and services: AWS, SMC, NMC, ...

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Network Architecture - Product Ranges

ADSL

CPE Access Edge

Core Inner Core

71xx/ 72xx

73xx

74xx

76xx

77xx

SML NML EML

57xx 56xx 55xx

TMN

Numbering of Alcatel Carrier Internetworking Department (BND) products. Every Alcatel product is identified by a 4 digit number, the first two digits specify the area where this product is to be located (see also previous slide). The next 2 digits specify the final product.

The Alcatel ASAM or A7300 is located in the Access area.

Customer Premises Equipment (CPE): 71xx & 72xx Access: 73xx

A7300: Alcatel ASAM

Edge: 74xx

A7410: Alcatel Access Server

Core: 76xx

A7670: Alcatel Routing Switch Platform

Inner: 77xx

A7770: Alcatel Routing Core Platform (Xantium)

EML: 55xx

A5523: Alcatel Next Generation ADSL Work Station (NG-AWS)

NML: 56xx

A5620: Alcatel Network Manager (formerly Newbridge 46020)

SML: 57xx

A5735: Alcatel Service Management Centre (SMC)

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Offering ADSL services

xDSL H-ASAM

...

S-ASAM

Network interface

Subtending interface

Offering xDSL services to subscribers can be done either directly - for subscribers located nearby the central office (up to apc. 6 km) indirectly - for subscribers located further away from the central office (more then 6 km) • An ASAM is cascaded on another ASAM to which the subscriber can then connect to. This cascading is also known as subtending. • In this situation the ASAM in the CO is called the Hub-ASAM or also H-ASAM. The remote cascaded ASAM is then called the Subtending-ASAM or S-ASAM. The subscriber connects his ADSL modem (ANT) to the ASAM ADSL interface via his telephone cable (UTP) at home that also carries his POTS-signal. H-ASAM

Hub ASAM

An ASAM directly connected to the ATM backbone and also feeding a set of S-ASAMs.

S-ASAM

Subtending ASAM

An ASAM connected to a H-ASAM.

T-ASAM

Standalone ASAM

An ASAM directly connected to the ATM backbone and not feeding any S-ASAMs.

CO-ASAM

Central office ASAM

An ASAM whose equipment behaviour is suitable for a Central Office environment.

R-ASAM

Remote ASAM

An ASAM whose equipment is reinforced to cope with street cabinet conditions.

Mini-RAM

Mini-RAM

A small ASAM whose equipment is suitable for DLC equipment. There are 2 versions of the Mini-RAM, SD and UD.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Splittered ADSL

Splitter

ANT

ASAM

Also known as the central splitter set-up. A Splitter is a device with three or more interfaces. One input and two or more outputs carrying a possible frequency filtered version of the input signal. The splitter also take care of the complex impedance problem when splitting a copper pair so that no unwanted reflections occur and consequently unwanted attenuation’s. The splitter is to be installed by the operator and depending of the local regulations this one can even be located outhouse. More typically we’ll find the central splitter immediately after the entry of the UTP cable into the building. After this point the subscriber is responsible for the in house cabling towards his ADSL modem. If he likes to use his ADSL modem at different locations different cables need to be foreseen. It is although possible to re-use existing in-house wiring. This solution is not preferred by most operators as it expensive because of the needed intervention of a technician for installation of the splitter. In most countries the end-user is not allowed to intervene on the operators cable which he will do when cutting the cable for installation of the splitter.

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Splitterless: true splitterless

ANT

ASAM

Also known as the true splitterless set-up.

It is possible to re-use existing in-house wiring. No interventions of the operator are necessary

Because of the splitter is not present this is not a preferred situation. Splitterless will have an impact on the complete frequency spectrum (noise) and will cause the modem to go off line when the telephone goes off-hook or on-hook. Impedance changes of the line with off-hook and on-hook will cause the modem to go off-line and re-synchronise. One of the situations during an off-hook is impedance decrease on the copper pair and without a splitter the ADSL modem will also see this change on his ADSL interface.

This set-up is not supported by Alcatel!

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Splitterless: distributed filter

ANT

ASAM

Also known as the distributed splitter set-up.

Again it is possible to re-use existing in-house wiring. No interventions of the operator are necessary. The operator will provide with your modem a number of filters that you can plug into your existing telephone sockets. You can then connect your telephone to this filter which also protects your modem from line impedance changes because of an off-hook state of your telephone. The splitter is in some cases actually a filter (above slide) and not a real splitter. This is country depending as shown on the slide with different types.

This set-up is preferred by most operators as it is cheap because no intervention is needed by a technician. The subscriber can install the splitters himself.

The subscriber can move his ADSL modem to what ever point in the house where he has a phone socket. With the central splitter he was limited to his specific cable for the ADSL modem.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Competitors for ADSL (1)

Mobile access technologies Year 1990

Speed 9,6 kbps

Technology GSM

1999

38,4 kbps

HSCSD

2000

114 kbps

GPRS

2001

384 kbps

EDGE

2002

2 Mbps

UMTS

For customers who are constantly moving

GSM = Global System for Mobile communication GPRS = General Packet Radio Service HSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched Data EDGE = Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution UMTS = Universal Mobile Telephone Service

ADSL or any other xDSL technology limits you to a fixed location. Which for some circumstances will not be an ideal solution.

Different technologies already exist or are in development for mobile access. The most significant today is the UMTS, Universal Mobile Telephone Service, which gives you a 2Mbps in both directions.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Competitors for ADSL (2)

Radiowave access technology Year 199x

Speed Technology 2 Mbps – 155 Mbps LMDS

For customers who are located at a fixed position

LMDS = Local Multipoint Distribution System

ADSL and other xDSL technologies make use of the existing copper wiring in the street. In some places were no wiring is present a radio-wave connection might provide you with a solution.

Current technology LMDS, Local Multipoint Distribution System, provides you with a bandwidth of 2Mbps up to 155Mbps bi-directional and is primarily for the business market.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Connections through the access network

ISP

ATM VP/VC

VP/VC

VP/VC

ASAM

AS (BB)

The Alcatel ASAM7300 is fully Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) based. This offers future flexibility. The use of ATM as a transport mode allows the network operators and service providers to upgrade the provided services and in most cases to do so without changing the networking equipment. On the user side ADSL is used to transport the ATM cells, because of this the subscriber is supplied with an ATM connection from his ANT up to the service provider. Each ATM connection is uniquely identified by its interface AND its VP/VC value. The VP/VC value has only a local significance.

The A7300 ASAM supports Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC) and Switched Virtual Circuits (SVC).

Multiple ATM-Forum Service categories (ASC) are currently supported on the A7300 ASAM being Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR & nrt-VBR), Guaranteed Frame Rate (GFR) and Unspecified Bit rate (UBR). It is possible to mix services on one xDSL line interface.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Hardware Architecture

HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE: Here the functionality of the different building blocks is explained. Includes racks, shelf’s and the different board types. SD-, HD- & UD-release independent.

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ASAM product overview

ADSL (LT) • Multi-Standard ADSL (G.Lite + Full Rate) • ADSL over ISDN

H(ub)-ASAM: standard density or high density

...

S(ubtending)-ASAM:

• Remote or collocated • Standard ASAM (in CO) • mini-RAM (in CO or DLC)

Network interfaces (NT) • OC3/STM-1 • DS3/E3 • 4xDS1/E1 IMA

Subtending interface (LT + NT): • 4xDS1/E1 IMA • DS3/E3

The main functions of the ASAM are: • Multiplexing & de-multiplexing of ATM cells • Control (OAM) on ATM level • Network Termination (NT) functions • Terminal Adaptation (TA) functions • POTS splitter • Power supply The NT provides the transport interface between the ASAM and the network transport. It takes care of the physical layer and ATM layer functions. The NT is available in versions that support network transport systems operating at SDH,SONET, E3, T3 and n x E1 rates. The NT provides the necessary functions for operating and maintaining the ASAM, including a local craft interface and local alarms.

Subtending is used when 1 or more remote ASAMs are connected to one HUB-ASAM. All these subtended ASAMs will then use the same ATM network connection on the hub-ASAM. Some restrictions apply as we will discuss later in this course. The NT of a subtending ASAM supports maximum 4 x E1 or 4 x T1 (using Inverse Multiplexing of ATM or IMA), E3 or T3 (R4.2+) and STM-1 or OC-3 (R4.2+). You can subtend multiple levels from the hub-ASAM but more than 2 levels is not generally used. Subtending is typically used for remote locations with a low number of subscribers.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

System dimensioning

▼

Standard Density (SD) ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

4 lines / board 12 boards / shelf (30mm) 48 lines / shelf 3 shelves / rack 144 lines / rack 576 lines / ASAM 3W / line 2000 ATM connections

▼

High density (HD) ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

12 lines / board 16 boards / shelf (25mm) 192 lines / shelf 2 shelves / rack 384 lines / rack 2304 lines / ASAM 1,6 W / line 6000 ATM connections

An ASAM consists out of one or two NT-boards (two for redundancy) and multiple LT-boards. All these boards are inserted in the ASAM subracks (or shelf’s) over different racks. The NT boards must ALWAYS be inserted in the first subrack of the first rack.

An ASAM subrack is 21 inches wide, 300mm deep and is typically installed in a rack of 2,2m high.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Basic rack layout

Top Rack Unit

Subrack

Fan Unit

Subrack

Fan Unit

The slide above indicates the position of the main parts and components of a rack. The ASAM rack mechanically houses the following equipment: • 1 Top Rack Unit (TRU), used to provide termination of the office power cabling and service battery cabling, circuit breakers, fuses, summary alarm display, earth bonding, etc.. • Subracks, the actual building blocks of the modular ADSL system; see next slide for more information. Up to 2 subracks for HD or UD and up to 3 subracks for SD or UD fit in one 2,2m rack. • Up to 2 or 3 fan units, each of which contains 4 fans; these units are designed for permanent cooling and a fast replacement in case of defect (the power– and alarm connections are directly connected to the TRU) - due to the use of forced air cooling, a dust filter is required in order to limit the dust coverage of the plug–in units (this dust filter is replaceable)

Note that in case of cascading subracks, the network termination board (NT) should always be in the top shelf of the first rack!

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Basic subrack layout

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

One shelf or subrack contains 2 main parts: • the upper part mainly holds the POTS splitter Boards (PSPC) • the lower part mainly holds the line boards (LT) Other slots in the subrack are used for other/extra boards: • one or two network termination (NT) boards • an alarm control unit (ACU) • an extender board (ADSE) • a power I/O card (HD only) • a metallic test card (HD & UD only) Number of some extra boards: • NT 1 or 2 for the entire ASAM • ACU 1 for each rack • ADSE 1 or 2 for each extra shelf

ASAM boards are discussed in more detail in the next chapter.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Chaining racks and subracks

Network Termination Board Extender Cabling

Extender Board

TOP RACK UNIT

TOP RACK UNIT

TOP RACK UNIT

TOP RACK UNIT

TOP RACK UNIT

Splitter Boards

Splitter Boards

Splitter Boards

Splitter Boards

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

Line Boards

Line Boards

Line Boards

Line Boards

FAN UNIT

FAN UNIT

FAN UNIT

FAN UNIT

FAN UNIT

Splitter Boards

Splitter Boards

Splitter Boards

Splitter Boards

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

Line Boards

Line Boards

Line Boards

Line Boards

FAN UNIT

FAN UNIT

FAN UNIT

FAN UNIT

FAN UNIT

The ASAM rack mechanically houses the following equipment: • a top rack unit (TRU), used to provide termination of the office power cabling and service battery cabling, circuit breakers, fuses, summary alarm display, earth bonding, etc. • subracks, the actual building blocks of the modular ADSL system, the subrack holds all cards/boards which are discussed in more detail in the next chapter • up to two fan units, each of which contains 4 fans; these units are designed for permanent cooling and a fast replacement in case of default (the power– and alarm connections are directly connected to the TRU) - due to the use of forced air cooling, a dust filter is required in order to limit the dust coverage of the plug–in units (this dust filter is replaceable and most commonly only in the lowest fan unit). Note that in case of cascading subracks, the network termination board (NT) should always be in the top shelf of the first rack! In theory, one ASAM system can contain 12 subracks (one subrack can be expanded with up to 11 additional ”extension” subracks). All subracks of one ASAM are chained together through the extender board which is physically inserted in the position of the NT board. For the very first shelf this extension is done directly on the NT board. In case of a redundant set-up also 2 extender boards per subrack shall be used. The extension cables are available in different lengths to suit specific customer demands.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

ASAM functional block diagram

▼

ASAM internal architecture ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

NT board forms the heart of the system Extension via ADSE Internal communication to NT via the IQ-bus IQ-bus of 155Mbps total => 8 bit parallel

Representing the ASAM internal architecture. All main cards connect to the IQ-bus.

We can clearly see the function of an IQ bus within an ASAM: Control and data communication between the NT and the LTs is made possible by the IQ bus. As a bus, it is situated between the NT (or ADSE) and the LT boards (ADLT & E1LT). A redundant IQ bus has been provided for backup protection purposes. An IQ bus consists of the following pathways: •IQD pathway: for high-speed downstream data transfer of ATM cells; •IQU pathway: for high-speed upstream data transfer of ATM cells; •IQA pathway: for access control on the IQU bus. The IQD & IQU pathways transport ATM cells, a dummy byte is added to the ATM cell to allow change over from one LT to another between cells. This dummy byte carries no valid data.

In the backplane, two IQ busses are foreseen for redundancy purposes. Each NT is connected to one IQ bus. In case the IQ bus fails, the redundant NT will be activated, and will use the other IQ bus.

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The main boards in a more detailed view

A closer detailed look at each unit!

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Alcatel nomenclature

What is the hardware version of a board ? 1) First we indicate the board type : SANT - xx Board ADLT - xx Board

2) Then we indicate the board version : SANT - F Board ADLT - E Board

The board type is SD release, HD release or UD release independent, although some boards types are only available in a specific release.

The board version doesn’t immediately tell you that it is SD, HD or UD as multiple hardware versions can exist for the SD, HD or UD. Although most boards will only fit one specific hardware shelf, for example an ADLT-L board can only fit in an UD shelf!

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The NT board

▼

The SANT - xx board ◆

◆

◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

GANT-xx (motherboard) and the SONI-xx (daughterboard) Interfacing between internal bus ( IQ) and STM-1 link SW management of all the ASAM boards Fault management Configuration management Contains FLASH (32 MB), RAM (32 MB) and ROM memory

The mode of transport is determined by the type of NT board. The NT provides data to the main subrack and to the extension subracks. SANT-xx E3NT-xx D3NT-xx E1NT-xx

STM-1 or OC-3 interface towards the ATM network E3 interface towards the ATM network DS3- or also T3-interface towards the ATM network up to 4 E1 interfaces towards the ATM network uses Inverse Multiplexing of ATM (IMA) techniques from 2 interfaces on.

The NT board performs the adaptation of ATM cells carried on the IQ bus to the digital transmission system and vice versa. It also include the necessary functions for operating and maintaining the ASAM. The current NT-boards are a composition of 2 units, the GANT (Generic ATM NT) motherboard and the PLIM (Physical Line Interface Module) daughterboard. For an optical Single Mode Fibre (SMF) STM-1/OC-3 interface this PLIM is called a SONI-A module (SDH/ SONET Optical Network Interface). The SANT-F for a HD ASAM is an assembly of the GANT-B and the SONI-A. The NT boards can be protected through a 1+1 redundancy mechanism as from R4.1. For the optical interfaces (STM-1) both APS (Automatic Protection Switching) and EPS (Equipment Protection Switching) will be available. For the electrical interfaces (E3) only EPS will be supported. For each NT-board different variants can be available like for • Operating distance: medium haul (SMF), long haul (SMF) and intra office (MMF) • Tropicalised: yes or no • Temperature range: extended (-40°C to +85°C) or commercial (0°C to +70°C) 770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

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NT Hardware constraints

(because SD in front)

SANT-E Module.

composition of GANT-A (for SD) and the SONI-A Physical Line Interface

SANT-F Module.

composition of GANT-B (for HD) and the SONI-A Physical Line Interface

For HD, subtending links are restricted to a maximum of 288 E1 links (4xE1 IMA) and 192 links in case of E3 or STM-1 subtending. The number of connections per subtending link is limited to 2000. An additional constraint is the total number of connections that can be supported by a hubASAM, currently 10,368. For SD, subtending links are restricted to a maximum of 144 E1 links (4xE1 IMA) and 192 links in case of E3 or STM-1 subtending. The number of connections per subtending link is limited to 900. An additional constraint is the total number of connections that can be supported by a hubASAM, currently 6480.

HD subtending (meaning a HD ASAM as subtended) is only from R4.2 and on.

Above constraints are all hardware constraints. Through software extra constraints can apply like for example today (until at least R4.2) the maximum number of connections supported by a SANT-F is 2592 connections.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The SANC board (R4.2+)

▼

The SANC - xx board ◆ ◆ ◆

BITS itf. for NT units LAN itf. for NT unit For ASAM with optical interface to network

A SANC unit can be applied in a CO-ASAM or R-ASAM with a direct optical link (SDH) to an ATM network. This ASAM can contain one or two optical NT units terminating the link. In an NT-unit, the system clock can be locked on one pair of BITS signals(Building Integrated Timing Supply). Via the front-panel, the SANC-C unit receives two pairs of BITS input signals (primary and secondary), which are routed via the backplane to the associated NT unit. The NT unit in slot A receives the primary BITS and the NT unit in slot B receives the secondary BITS. The SANC unit is provided with a LAN interface (10baseT) to allow outband management of the ASAM. In an ASAM subrack the SANC board is inserted in the NT I/O slot just above the NTA slot.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The PWRIO board

▼

The PWRIO-xx board ◆ ◆ ◆

power distribution towards FANS power distribution towards subracks EMC shielding

1. Battery supply voltage Branch A 2. Battery supply voltage Branch B 3. Battery return voltage

Is applied in a high density (HD) subrack of an ASAM (1 PWRIO board per subrack) Provides the power interface between the Top Rack Unit (TRU) and the subrack and fan unit Provides power filtering for the NT/LT Area Has the Frame Ground (FG) connection via the housing of the fan backplane connector. In an Ultra Density shelf this card is not used and the PWRIO unit is fixed on the backplane but has the same functionalities as the PWRIO board described here.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The ADLT board

▼

The ADLT- xx Board ◆

1

2 ◆

. . .

◆ ◆ ◆

12

◆ ◆

ADSL modulation G.DMT, G.lite, ANSI T1.413i2 ISDN Auto-detect multi-mode via G.hs muxing of ATM cells from and towards IQ bus CAC & policing per line Consumption=1,6 W per line (HD) Golden ATU-C No flash memory Data is loaded from NT

An ADLT unit contains a number of independent line terminations (LT), supporting data traffic for all of these. Each line termination allows bi-directional access to one customer over a single conventional unshielded twisted pair (UTP), already in use for analogue plain old Telephone service (POTS). At the subscriber this UTP cable is terminated by an ADSL Network Termination unit (ANT). On the CO side the ADLT is connected to the NT-unit via the IQ-bus. This NT can be any NTunit providing access to a transport network carrying ATM cells. The modem part on the ADLT is compliant to following ADSL standards: • ANSI T1.413 Issue 2 • ITU G992.1 Annex A (G.dmt) • ITU G992.2 Annex A (G.lite) Can be installed in any of the LT slots of an ASAM subrack. Can be hot inserted or hot extracted. A different version exists for interfacing ADSL on an UTP already in use for ISDN (ADLT-K). Operates within the extended temperature range (-40°C to +85°C). One variant exists with tropicalisation. Standard Density: 4 lines per board (ADLT-C, ADLT-E, …) High Density: 16 lines per board (ADLT-J, …) Ultra Density: 24 lines per board (ADLT-L, …)

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The PSPC board

▼

The PSPC- xx Board ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Splits the POTS spectrum from the ADSL spectrum Exists in a wide range of impedances (Real, Complex, …) Can be passive or active (ISDN) Special version for ISDN due to different spectrum. Via relays interface to Test / Spare bus for metallic test or LT N+1 redundancy

The PSPC unit is a low pass filter (LPF) that passes the analogue POTS signal and rejects the modulated the ADSL signal. Note: The PSPC unit houses the LPF only, the High Pass Filter (HPF) is located on the ADLT unit!

Bypass relays can be provided on the board (HD & UD versions only) to allow metallic testing from the PSTN exchange, spare relays are provided to deviate the ADSL interface towards a spare bus for N+1 redundancy purposes or metallic testing. The metallic test access is provided through the TSAP-A board inserted in the TST I/O slot. A different version exists for interfacing an UTP already in use for ISDN (PSPC-G4).

For each hardware version different splitter cards are used, it is to say a high density (HD) PSPC board can not be inserted in an ultra density (UD) shelf although they have the same dimensions.

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Spectrum Vs. Full / Lite / ISDN Total Bandwidth = 1.1 MHz = 255 Tones

Tone Spacing = 4.3 kHz

FULL POTS

UP

7

29

DOWN

38

255

LITE POTS

UP

7

29

DOWN

38

127

ISDN UP

ISDN

29

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DOWN

63

255

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The CTAP board

▼

The CTAP Board ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

Connects xDSL Line to modem on LT board Used when no POTS on xDSL line (so no LP filter) 12 or 24 lines / board Passive board Optional relays to connect lines to spare/test bus for metallic test or LT N+1 redundancy

Cut-through applique boards are only available for high density and ultra density hardware. Again here same dimensions for HD and UD but different boards. HD version supports 12 lines where the UD version supports 24 lines.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The SHLT board

▼

The SHLT-xx Board ◆

◆

◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

SHDSL modulation ITU-T G991.2 Handshaking protocol ITU-T G994.1 12 or 24 lines per board muxing of ATM cells from and towards IQ bus CAC & policing per line No flash memory Data is loaded from NT

An SHLT unit contains a number of independent line terminations (LT), supporting traffic for all of these. Each line termination allows bi-directional access to one customer over a single conventional unshielded twisted pair (UTP). Is applied in High Density (HD) and/or Ultra Density (UD) ASAM. Provides 12 symmetric ports at line rates from 200 kbps to 2.312 Mbps in steps of 64 kbps. Distances of up to approximately 6100 meters at 200 kbps can be covered without use of repeaters. The actual distances covered depend on the quality and gauge of the twisted pairs and the payload rate used. The SHLT is connected to the NT-unit via the IQ-bus. This NT can be any NT-unit providing access to a transport network carrying ATM cells. The modem part on the SHLT is compliant to following standards: • ITU-T G991.2 Can be installed in any of the LT slots of an ASAM HD or UD subrack. Can be hot inserted or hot extracted. Operates within the extended temperature range (-40°C to +85°C).

High Density: 16 lines per board (SHLT-B) & Ultra Density: 24 lines per board (SHLT-A) A variant exists on this board with the Inverse Multiplexing ATM (IMA) protocol included. This allows us to connect multiple UTPs to one CPE or LT ATM interface. This board is the SMLT-A for UD shelves and the SMLT-B for HD shelves.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The ADSE board

▼

Extends the IQ bus towards the next subracks

The ADSE Serial Extender Interfaces the extension subracks (containing an ADSE board) to the main subrack (containing the NT board) and up to 11 additional subracks. It terminates and regenerates the upper-extension and lower-extension interfaces, as well as the local backplane interface signals. The upper-extension interface connects the ADSE with the previous subrack, the lower-extension interface connects the ADSE with the next subrack. The maximum cable length between any two sequential shelves along an extension daisy-chain can not exceed more than 10 meters. The total extension cable length along the daisy–chain shall not exceed 32 meters. The following local backplane interface signals are terminated and regenerated: • Local IQ-bus interfaces • ACU serial control signals • Test & spare (for LT N+1 redundancy) bus • Special lines For Standard Density (SD) the extension interfaces are located on the ADSE board. For High Density (HD) and Ultra Density (UD) the extension interfaces are located on the backplane.

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The AACU board

▼

The AACU- xx Board ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

◆

Central office alarms Telemetry alarms Rack (i.e., frames) level alarms AACU Operation and Maintenance (OAM) Ethernet Operations System (OS) interface (future) CRAFT interface (local management)

Provides the user interface via local craft terminal port. The local craft interface port on the front panel of the AACU consists of a 9-pin DB9 interface connector (I.e., female pins & male shell) configured as a Data Circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE) to communicate with a local Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) craft terminal. (9k6, 8n1) handles input and output alarm information via a cable connection to the Top Rack Unit (TRU): • 20 input signals of which 10 are spare alarm inputs • 20 output signals for audible, visual and telemetry alarms Provides visual alarm indications via LED’s. Provides an Ethernet port for “future” management purposes Remote craft terminal port via the backplane (for HD only). This backplane interface is configured as a DTE. One AACU board is installed per ASAM rack.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The E1LT board

▼

The E1LT- xx Board ◆

◆

◆

muxing of IQ bus cells on PDH E1 links towards subtending ASAM muxing ATM cells from subtending ASAM towards IQ bus Uses ATM-forum IMA protocol

The E1LT unit provides Line Termination in an ASAM subrack On the upstream side, the E1LT is connected to an NT unit via the IQ-bus. The E1LT adapts the ATM cells on the IQ-bus to and from the E1 digital transmission system. On the downstream side, the E1LT provides electrical access to up to 4 interface at 2.048Mbps in both directions. These interfaces are connecting to one or up to 4 Remote ASAM or Mini Remote Access Multiplexer (mini-RAM). The E1LC is required to interface to the physical medium. The E1LT has two modes of operation on the provisioning of the port: • Direct mapped mode: The E1 signals are used as one up to four separate E1 links. Each of these links is connected to the E1 Network Termination (E1NT) of a independent remote ASAM. • Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) mode: The E1 signals are grouped. One up to four E1 links are connected to the E1NT unit of the same remote ASAM. With IMA link protection is achieved. When one E1 link is down, the traffic isn ’t interrupted, but the IMA group keeps active, using the remaining physical links. 3 IMA group modes are supported: IMA-1, IMA-2 and IMA-4 The E1LT units are located in the LT area of the subrack. The redundant E1LC unit (E1LC*) for secured configuration is provided in a future release. In case of a non-secured configuration, E1LT units can be installed in any of the 16LT slots. In case of a secured configuration, the two E1LT units of a redundant pair must be installed in one of the 8 cross-over slotpairs (1+1 redundancy) (slot 1&2, 3&4, 5&6, …) In case for an E1LT in a SD ASAM the E1LT is inserted in the odd slot positions (slot 1, 3, 5, …) 770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

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The E1LC board

▼

The E1LC- xx Board ◆

◆ ◆

physical interfacing from E1LT towards E1 links 4 connectors / board exists in 120 Ohm (UTP) or in 75 Ohm (coax)

Provides E1 Line Combination in an CO ASAM subtending Remote ASAMs Electrical connection between an E1LT unit and one up to four E1 links towards the subtending ASAM(s) Adaptation to the physical medium at E1 level, i.e. 120Ω or 75Ω. Front panel access to the four E1 links via four RJ45-(120Ω) or eight minicoax (75Ω) connectors. For a SD ASAM the E1LC only holds 2 E1 links so that two E1LC will be needed per E1LT. The E1LC is inserted in the splitter area directly above the corresponding E1LT board.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The E1NT board

▼

The E1NT- xx Board ◆

◆ ◆

muxing of ATM cells from PDH E1 links towards IQ bus of subtending ASAM one board can mux up to 12 ADLT boards SW management & configuration management of subtending ASAM

The E1NT provides Network Termination as discussed earlier An E1NT-A placed can interface up to 12 ADLT boards. In a mini-Ram this is done via the extension interface towards another mini-RAM. An E1NT interfaces 1 up to 4 E1 ports using Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) In the downstream direction, incoming data on the E1 ports is assembled into one single datastream of 2.048 up to 8.192 Mbps and subsequently transmitted onto the IQ Bus. Likewise, in the upstream direction, data from a data-stream of up to 8.192 Mbps and coming from the IQ bus is distributed over up to 4 E1 ports and transmitted using IMA. In the event of an E1 outage (i.e. 8.192 Mbps using 4 E1 links with an E1 outage will revert to 6.144 Mbps over 3 E1 links). The IMA protocol will keep the end-to-end connection functional when E1 links fail or are added. The E1NT is inserted in the NT-board slot.

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The E1NC board

▼

The E1NC- xx Board ◆ ◆

◆

◆

physical interface towards E1 NT 75 Ohm (coaxial) 8 x mini coax 120 Ohm (UTP) 4 x RJ45 ACU functionality’s via MACU for miniRAM

For a mini-RAM this E1NC unit must be ordered with an Alarm Control Unit Module (MACU)

E1NC features: Electrical connection between an E1NT unit and one up to four E1 links towards the H-ASAM. Adaptation to the physical medium at E1 level, i.e. 120Ω or 75Ω. Front panel access to the four E1 links via four RJ45-(120Ω) or eight minicoax (75Ω) connectors.

MACU features: Provides the user interface via local craft terminal port on the mini-RAM control panel. The local craft interface port of the AACU consists of a 9-pin DB9 interface connector configured as a Data Circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE) to communicate with a local Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) craft terminal. (9k6, 8n1) Provides connections for accumulating alarms and drives relay contacts for status, this MACU Flat-cable Interface Connector is located on the mini-Ram backplane (MBPA). Provides visual alarm indications via LED’s. Is installed in each Mini-RAM subrack containing an E1NT-xx unit.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The E3NT board

▼

The E3NT- xx Board ◆ ◆

◆

◆

Terminates ATM network link muxing of ATM cells from E3 link towards IQ bus of (subtending SD) ASAM SW management & configuration management of ASAM Bitrate 34,368 Mbits/sec

(*) = redundant unit

The E3NT provides PDH E3 Network Termination Provides electrical access with a bit rate of 34,368 Mbits/sec in both directions. Provides traffic routing through the IQ-bus to the Line Interface modules (ADLT) in the ASAM. Requires a NT I/O module, the E3NC unit, for adaptation to the physical medium cables. Provides O&M functions for operating and maintaining the ASAM via AWS, Craft Terminal or Ethernet (10BaseT) Supports redundancy to provide Equipment Protection Switching (EPS). The E3NT is inserted in the NT-board slot. The E3NT-C for a HD or UD ASAM is an assembly of the GANT-B and the E3PL-B Physical Line Interface Module (PLIM).

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The E3NC board

▼

The E3NC- xx Board ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

E3NC-C

physical interface towards E3 NT 75 Ohm (coaxial) BITS/SETS interface LAN interface (HD)

-> HD

E3NC-A

-> SD

Provides termination of 2 x 75Ω unbalanced coaxial cables of the PDH E3 link Provides interface with the E3NT unit(s) via the backplane. Provides a BITS/SETS interface used for clock synchronisation • BITS : Building Integrated Timing System • SETS: Synchronous Equipment Timing Source In the case of redundancy, combines/divides the signal from the redundant E3NT units into a common E3 connection to the PDH network.

For a HD or UD combo ASAM the E3NC-C is inserted in the NT I/O slot. For a SD ASAM the E3NC-A requires a mechanical support plus frontplate and is inserted in the DS3 I/O slot on the backplane. In a SD Mini-RAM shelf, the E3NC-A board is plugged into the D3NC slot. In this case the front plate and the mechanical support are not required. In a UD LT shelf this board is replaced by the E3ND-xx unit but has the same functionalities and interfaces (E3, BITS and LAN) as the E3NC-xx board

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The TSAP-xx board

▼

The TSAP-xx Board ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

The Test Applique board Inserted in TST I/O slot Line testing interface Front panel access via female DB9 connector

Is applied in a HD or UD subrack of an ASAM (1 TSAP-xx board per subrack). Is used to perform line testing on all the telephone lines in a high density subrack . Front panel access to the ADSL spare lines of the TEST/SPARE bus (UPSTREAM TEST) . Front panel access to the following subrack in a chain of subracks (DOWNSTREAM TEST). Provides front panel access via two DB9 connectors. Is installed in the TST I/O slot of the subrack.

This board allows to perform line tests on the telephone cables towards the customer. It is possible to connect an external test equipment to all telephone lines in one subrack, it concentrates the TEST/SPARE bus on the backplane to one TESTOUT interface on the front panel. All the telephone lines of a subrack are available at the LINE interface of the splitter (PSPC) units. To test a line, the ADSL modem of the associated ADLT unit is disconnected. Therefore the spare relays in the associated PSPC unit disconnect the ADSL interface and connect the LINE interface to the TEST/SPARE bus. The TSAP unit then connects the appropriate spare line to the TESTOUT connector on the front panel. Different versions available for HD or UD! The TSAP unit allows the same test equipment to measure the lines of any following extending subrack. It contains ’disconnect’ relays to control the connection between the TESTOUT connector and the TESTIN connector. During the measurement of a line in a subrack, the ’disconnect’ relays of the TSAP unit in that particular subrack have to interrupt the downstream daisy chain. In each preceding subrack, however, the ’disconnect’ relays have to keep their TESTOUT - TESTIN connection towards the test equipment closed. 770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

The SPAP board

▼

The SPAP-xx Board ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

The Spare Applique board. Inserted in last slot of the HD or UD splitter area. For LT N+1 redundancy. Connects the spare LT unit to the test/spare bus.

Is applied in a HD or UD subrack of an ASAM Different versions available for a HD and UD shelf. Per subrack one ADLT unit can be used as a spare for all the other ADLT units, it can take over the LT function of any failing ADLT unit. Has 12 or 24 relays to connects the spare ADLT unit (x12 or x24) to the TEST/SPARE bus. Is installed in the slot above the spare ADLT unit.

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The Top Rack Unit (TRU)

▼

The top rack unit ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

termination office - & service battery power termination of CO - & telemetry alarms fuses & cct. breakers alarm display Central off. connector

AACU 1&2 connectors

Jumper X12->X13

TRU-F Jumper X1->X11

The TRU consists of two important parts: the front panel and the connectors blocks. The top rack unit contains a small board, the PBA-ATRU-F, located on the left. Termination of the office power and service battery cabling Termination of redundant office power cabling Termination point for connection to the CO alarm system and telemetry alarm system 4 output circuit breakers ( 2 x A, 2 x B ), -20A each, for board protection 4 output circuit breakers ( 2 x A, 2 x B ), -4A each, for fan protection 5 fuses, 5A each, one for the service battery, four for the power cabling Remark: The exact number of fuses and circuit breakers can differ from version to version depending on the number of maximum shelfs installed in the rack!

Summary alarm display of minor, major and critical alarms Power available indicators ( A & B ) Earth bonding point The PBA-ATRU-F board performs a number of controls and functions of the ATRU-F. It contains a number of connectors for different signals and a number of traps to set board parameters.

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IP Server Card (R4.2+)

▼

Single-board IP Server Card ◆

Optional (E.g. precluded by regulations)

◆

Linear extendable

▼

Mix of both ATM and IP networking scenarios supported

▼

Main features and benefits ◆

Ethernet interface (10/100BT)

◆

More than an IP router : all features of Broadband Access Server

◆

Wide range of layer 2 protocols

◆

Flexible addition of mature IP features

◆

Scalability

ATM

xDSL

Ethernet, FR, ATM,..

The IP gateway board (IPGW-xx) is applied in a HD/UD Is an integration of the existing Alcatel Broadband Access Server (BAS) in the ASAM It can only be inserted in a odd slot position and takes up 2 positions. The card has one serial interface for local management on the board itself and four (4) 10/100Mbps Ethernet interfaces via an applique board (IPGS-xx)

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The VALT-A board

▼

The voice gateway board ◆

Physical line termination

◆

network synchronisation

◆

V5.2 termination

◆

Voice compression & decompression + Echo cancellation (G.168)

◆

ATM/AAL2 packetisation & depacketisation

◆

IQ-bus access

Is a HD/UD unit applied in the ASAM with integrated VoDSL gateway or in the external VoDSL gateway. Physical connection and termination of 8 E1 lines to the PSTN network. Terminates the V5.2 interface Provides network synchronisation Provides voice compression and decompression. Provides echo cancellation in the upstream direction. Provides the AAL2 packetisation and depacketisation. Provides 3 frontpanel LED for Status indication. (ONLINE, ACTIVE & ALARM) Provides a 10/100Mbps Ethernet interface via a RJ45 connector for software download and debugging. Provides a RS232 9 pin interface for TL1 management. (9600bps 8n1) Is hardware equipped to provide 1+1 VALT redundancy. Provides the IQ-Bus access. Is installed in the line termination area of a high density subrack. Requires the VALC-A unit to provides the connection to the V5.2 interface.

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Hardware Evolution

HARDWARE EVOLUTION: In this chapter the layout and the possible hardware configurations are explained. This part is release dependent (SD & HD)

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Standard density dimensioning examples

Here we’ll discuss the hardware configurations related to the standard density equipment.

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SD ASAM : Extension of subracks maximum 576 lines

In theory, one ASAM system can contain 12 subracks (one subrack can be expanded with up to 11 additional ”extension” subracks). Extending an ASAM up to 12 subracks is done through the extension ports on the NT- and ADSE boards using the extension cables. The very first subrack holds the NT board. These extension cables are available in different lengths as indicated on the slide.

In this configuration, each rack of the ASAM system is a large rack (2200 mm) equipped with the following items => One Top Rack Unit (TRU) , which is located at the top and comprises the following parts: • A power distribution unit feeding power to the equipment in that rack; an interface to the CO/CEV alarm system; • An alarm interface to the equipment in the rack; • A physical display (5 LED’s) that indicates the alarm conditions of the rack. One Alarm Control Unit (ACU) , located in the first subrack, to activate the alarm display in the TRU and for fan and power supervision. One or two Fan assembly(ies) for cooling the equipment of which the lowest fan assembly is equipped with an additional dust filter. The position of a subrack in the ASAM is identified by the Physical Location Identification (PLID) jumpers on the backplane of the ASAM. More details can be found in the “Hardware installation procedure” manual.

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SD ASAM subrack STM-1 interfacing (48 lines)

The ADSL Line Termination shelf is physically partitioned into two sections. The lower section provides mounting locations for two Network Termination (NT) units, up to 12 ADSL Line Termination (ADLT) units and an ADSL Alarm Control Unit (ACU). The upper section of the LT shelf houses the splitter boards and also contains the connectors for the MDF (Main Distribution Frame) cabling. The NT board provides the interface to the broadband network and also provides an interface to the ADLT units via an ATM interface bus on the backplane, the IQ bus. The ADLT board provides the central office line terminations for 4 ADSL subscriber lines. It connects via the back-plane (BPA) to a Low Pass Filter unit (PSPC: Passive SPlitter Central office) directly above it in the shelf. The filter unit provides the physical connections for four ADSL subscriber lines and also provides connections to the narrowband exchange for each subscriber’s Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS). These physical connections for the ADSL - and POTS lines are presented through 4 connectors on the back-plane (BPA). The first LT shelf in an equipment rack houses an ACU to collect fan alarms, control the ADSL TRU and provide a 40-pin alarm output to the telemetry alarm collection system. If the rack provides NT units in more than one shelf, an ACU is required for each additional shelf that houses an NT unit. The ACU also provides the local Craft Terminal (CT) interface. The back-plane provides the ATM interface (IQ) bus to interconnect NT and LT units. It provides external interface connections for the NT, LT units and other rack equipment, as well as -48 V DC or -60 VDC power distribution to all active units. The features of all these cards are discussed in detail in the previous chapter!

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How to configure SD subtending ?

Besides locally extending an ASAM via the extender boards, there is another method of expanding the ADSL system!

Subtending allows to install new sites dependent from one original site. In release 3.x, only subtending through 4 x E1 interfacing is allowed. Connecting a subtended ASAM is through the E1LT & E1LC boards on the hub-ASAM (HASAM). Features of these cards are discussed in the previous chapter “ hardware architecture”. For a standard density H-ASAM the E1LT board is inserted in the odd LT slot positions (1, 3, 5,…). For up to four E1 links we need two E1LC boards that physically connect to the E1LT in the slot right below. For the E1LT able to communicate with the two E1LC boards a plug is inserted on the back-plane of the ASAM (see slide). This is because a LT slot has only a physical connection with the splitter board position right above. Each E1 link can be used to connect a subtended ASAM or up to four ASAMs can connect to one E1LT board. Up to four E1 links on one E1LT can be grouped using Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) and connect to a single subtending ASAM. This group of E1 links is also called referred to as an IMA-group.

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SD MiniRAM subtended via 4 * E1

Above slide is an example of a subtended mini-RAM. This mini-RAM (Remote Access Multiplexer) terminates a maximum of 24 ADSL lines per shelf and provides essentially the same functions as an ASAM, although with distinct packaging, powering and environmental requirements. A mini-RAM has also a distinct LT - and splitter area as you can clearly distinguish on the slide. Cards for the mini-RAM are equal to the cards of the Standard Density ASAM. Note however that a regular ASAM can be used as subtending device as well! (see next slide) A subtended ASAM is connected to a hub-ASAM (H-ASAM) through the E1NT - & E1NC boards. Features of these cards are discussed in the previous chapter “ hardware architecture”. Their position in the mini-RAM is indicated in the figure above. Since there is no backplane connection provided between the NT slot and the NC slot, a combiner cable has to be installed to physically interconnect them. The NC board also provides the necessary ACU functionality for alarm control through the MACU unit (a daughter-board). With the extender port on the E1NT board you can extend up to 12 ADLT boards which is the limitation of an E1NT board. The MDF cabling of the mini-RAM is performed behind the panel (indicated as “Control Panel” on the slide). This panel also contains the alarm showing LED’s.

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SD ASAM subrack SD subtended via 4 * E1

The figure above shows a Standard Density ASAM used at the subtending side. A subtended ASAM is connected to a hub-ASAM (H-ASAM) through the E1NT - & E1NC boards. Features of these cards are discussed in the previous chapter “ hardware architecture”. The E1NT fits into the regular NT slot and the E1NC board is placed in one of the two empty NEP slots (Network Element Processor). No back-plane connection is provided between the two cards so that also a combiner cable is needed here. Because of the larger physical separation of the two boards, another type of combiner cable is used. If all LT positions are used we have reached the limitation of the E1NT board (12 LT boards) and no extension is possible! Note that we do not need the ACU module (MACU) on the E1NC but that an ACU board is inserted in the ACU slot and used for these functionality’s.

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SD 48 lines minirack

In some cases, customers like to install smaller sites, however not as small as the mini-RAM capacity of 24 lines. Cascading two mini-RAM’s is often not deemed very cost effective and an ASAM on the other hand would be overkill. In this particular situation, a more cost effective solution can be provided via the mini-rack: a commercial stand-alone version of the 48 lines subrack. Sometimes, the mini-rack may help to fill the gap (in terms of capacity) there is between the mini-RAM and the ASAM.

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SD MiniRAM E3 interfacing

E3 interfacing in a mini-RAM is somewhat different from E1 interfacing. The E3NT fits in the regular NT slot, but the E3NC-A is located at the bottom on the back-plane, where the line connections are made as well. This is similar to the E3NT connection of a Standard Density ASAM where the E3NC-A is connected directly to the back-plane using a mechanical support and front plate. No combiner cable is needed: the connection is made through the mini-RAM back-plane. The ACU functionality is provided by the E1NC board with the MACU daughter-board!

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

High density dimensioning examples

Here we’ll discuss the hardware configurations related to the high density equipment.

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ASAM subrack High Density STM-1 interfacing

The High Density shelf can terminate up to 192 lines or 2304 lines for the complete HD ASAM using ADLT-J boards. The HD subrack can be subdivided in 4 areas:

connector area: holds the ADSL and POTS external interfaces and the interface towards the TRU, also the extension connectors are located in this area in HD equipment. The connector area is also described on the previous slides splitter function area: holds a PWR I/O board, a NT I/O board (containing the analog interface; this board is linked to the NT board), a test I/O board (an optional board with multiplexing circuitry for the test bus) and up to 16 splitter boards. ADSL line board area : holds the ACU board, up to two NT boards for fast 1+1 NT redundancy and up to 16 ADSL LT boards (ADLT) or subtending LT boards (i.e.:E1LT). fan unit area: holds the fan and the optional dust filter for the lowest subrack within the rack. Features of all the cards have been discussed in the previous chapter “ Hardware architecture”.

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ASAM High Density connector area

The upper part of each high density subrack is referred to as the connector area and contains: TRU interface (50 way D-sub connector): to connect the subrack to the top rack unit (TRU). Extender interfaces (26 way connector): as opposed to standard density extension, carried out through connectors on the extender boards, extension in high density equipment is done via fixed connectors on the subrack chassis; the upper connectors allow for connection to the previous subrack, the lower connectors for the connection to the next one; note the extender port B is only used in case of 1+1 redundancy. Interfaces for POTS and ADSL : 12 lines per connector, alternately ADSL/POTS Remote craft terminal interface (9 pin connector): will allow for remote management via a Craft Terminal through a permanent connection to the ASAM. The splitter area holds up to 16 splitter boards (12 lines/board), the PWR I/O board, NT I/O board and the TST I/O board.

The LT area holds up to 16 LT boards, the ACU board and up to two NT- or extender boards in case of 1+1 NT redundancy

Features of all these cards are discussed in the previous chapter “hardware architecture”.

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HD Extension racks in row position

To expand the capacity of an ASAM, the standard density equipment offered the possibility to extend up to 12 subracks. Likewise, the high density equipment supports the same number of subracks to be extended. Given the fact that one 2,2m rack only houses up to two subracks, this means that 6 fully loaded racks can be cascaded in one site. The maximum number of lines per site is thus 6 x 384 = 2,304. If racks are set-up in a row the extender cabling between racks can be performed via the top or via the bottom. For each different cable length are needed and made available by Alcatel.

Each rack of the HD ASAM system is a large rack (2200 mm) equipped with the following items => One Top Rack Unit (TRU) , which is located at the top and comprises the following parts: • A power distribution unit feeding power to the equipment in that rack; an interface to the CO/CEV alarm system; • An alarm interface to the equipment in the rack; • A physical display (5 LED’s) that indicates the alarm conditions of the rack. One Alarm Control Unit (ACU) , located in the first subrack, to activate the alarm display in the TRU and for fan and power supervision. One or two Fan assembly(ies) for cooling the equipment of which the lowest fan assembly is equipped with an additional dust filter. The position of a subrack in the ASAM is identified by the Physical Location Identification (PLID) jumpers on the back-plane of the ASAM. More details can be found in the “Hardware installation procedure” manual and on the next slides. 770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

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PLID-switch settings

‘0’: jumper installed ‘1’: jumper not installed

The Physical Location Identification Switches (PLID) identify the position of the subrack/shelf in the ASAM. The PLID jumpers are located on the ASAM back-plane behind the NT board (see slide). SR-ID0 → SR-ID2: identifies the position of the subrack inside the rack. Possible values are “000” for the upper subrack or “001” for the lower subrack. R-ID0 → R-ID3: identifies the position of the rack within the ASAM. Possible values are “0000” up to “0101” for rack 0 up to rack 5. R-TYP0 → R-TYP3: identifies the type of ASAM to the AWS as CO-ASAM, RAM, mini-RAM or R-ASAM.

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Fully equipped HD ASAM

2.2m Rack (including splitters)

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Sample configuration 6 racks cascaded ASAM (HD)

This table holds a sample configuration with the Alcatel codes for a full blown High Density ASAM with 12 subracks or shelves. This ASAM can directly connect up to 2304 lines. As products and product codes change into time always check with your Alcatel account manager for the latest up to date information! The Top Rack Unit (TRU), extender cables for the two subracks within a rack and the ASAM shelves are part of the rack and will not directly show up in the equipment description. The extender cable type (4,3m) is used for back to back rack cabling via the bottom. See also the previous pages.

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HD Street cabinet

▼

Street cabinet ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

1 HD shelf Power supply MDF & ODF Temperature range: -20°C + 40°C Humidity range: 8 100%

AC distribution, fans, power supply, DSLAM, MDF and ODF are all pre-installed in the cabinet. It is completely pre-cabled for power feeding, distribution and also for the connection of the DSLAM equipment to the MDF. Provisions are made to guide the incoming mains power cable to the AC power distribution area. A grounding plate is provided at the cable entry area to connect the cabinet to the earth. All metal parts are already pre-cabled for earthing towards this plate. The MDF area can be equipped with the appropriate number and type of MDF strips to accept the subscriber lines. All incoming cables can be adequately clamped at the entry. Rubber glands prevent intrusion of dirt and small animals. The roof can be unlocked by screws with a special tool. All panels and doors are mounted on a structure made with aluminium profiles, so it is possible to unlock from the inside all separate walls for replacement if necessary. The weight of a fully equipped cabinet is around 250kg (batteries not included)

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Ultra density dimensioning examples (R4.2+)

Here we’ll discuss the hardware configurations related to the high density equipment.

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ASAM subrack Ultra Density combo STM-1 interface

The Ultra Density backplane is not the same as the High Density backplane! But all HD LT cards can be inserted in the UD combo, including the voice gateway (VALT-A) and the IP gateway.

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ASAM subrack Ultra Density LT STM-1 interface

NT I/O

PWR

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UD shelf power feed

▼

UD powering ◆

◆

◆

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Via ATRU-N TRU for 3 shelfs/rack Redundant power feed Branch A & B PBA-ATRU-G 3 AACU connectors 1 connector for external alarms LEDs indicating alarms on front

 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

ASAM Ultra Density connector area

The upper part of each ultra density subrack is referred to as the connector area and contains: TRU interface (50 way D-sub connector): to connect the subrack to the top rack unit (TRU). Extender interfaces (26 way connector): as opposed to standard density extension, carried out through connectors on the extender boards, extension in ultra density equipment is done via fixed connectors on the subrack backplane; the upper connectors allow for connection to the previous subrack, the lower connectors for the connection to the next one; note the extender port B is only used in case of 1+1 NT redundancy. Interfaces for ADSL : 24 lines per connector, for the LT board immediately below Remote craft terminal interface (9 pin connector): will allow for remote management via a Craft Terminal through a permanent connection to the ASAM.

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UD combo line cabling

applique area

LT area

fan

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UD LT & Combo racks

Top Rack Unit

▼

Top Rack Unit

UD Racks ◆

UD combo shelf 2200 mm

UD LT shelf Fan unit UD LT shelf

◆

◆

Fan unit ◆

Fan unit

75 mm between racks for high # of cables UD LT rack 1152 lines/rack UD combo rack 768 lines/rack External splitters available for US

UD LT shelf UD combo shelf Fan unit with dust filter 75 mm 600 mm 75 mm

Fan unit with dust filter 600 mm 75 mm

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UD extension

Make sure the PLID switches have been set correctly for each shelf!

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PLID-switch settings

‘0’: jumper installed ‘1’: jumper not installed

The Physical Location Identification Switches (PLID) identify the position of the UD subrack/shelf in the ASAM. Depending on the shelf type (LT or combo) you have 2 or 3 per rack! The PLID jumpers are located on the ASAM back-plane behind the NT board (see slide). SR-ID0 → SR-ID2: identifies the position of the subrack inside the rack. R-ID0 → R-ID3: identifies the position of the rack within the ASAM. R-TYP0 → R-TYP3: identifies the type of ASAM to the AWS as CO-ASAM, RAM, mini-RAM or R-ASAM.

Only used for rack with 3 x UD LT shelfs

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UD mini-RAM

Because of the inverse LT area it is not possible to insert a VALT with his applique. Because the IP gateway card takes up 2 slots in the LT area but only one slot in the applique area it is possible to use this IPGS in a UD mini-RAM. Every LT card taking up one slot and also only one slot in the applique area can be used in the UD mini-RAM.

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Concepts & features

CONCEPTS: Gives an overview of the ASAM (ADSL Subscriber Access Multiplexer) functionality and features including: ♦ Principle of data storage and software ♦ ASAM management ♦ Alive polling ♦ NT redundancy ♦ ASAM interfaces ♦ Permanent versus Switched Virtual Circuits (PVC ~ SVC) ♦ QOS (Quality of Service) ♦ CAC (Connection Admission Control) ♦ Policing ♦ High speed subtending

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Concepts

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Configuration database ASAM AWS SANT

Configuration database

▼

The SANT Flash memory stores all ASAM’s software, profiles and connection data.

▼

This configuration database indicates the configuration per line and per card.

The ASAM Work Station (AWS) manages the ASAMs in a particular network. Communication between the ASAM and the AWS is on a dedicated VP/VC, by default 0/32 on the NT ATM port. Each ASAM is equipped with a SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) agent and a Management Information Base (MIB). A MIB is a collection of objects, where each object is a data variable that represents one aspect of the managed agent. The AWS manages the ASAM through SNMP communication. SNMP carries management information between managers (AWS) and agents (ASAMs). The SNMP protocol contains the following key capabilities: get: retrieves the value of an object at the agent set: sets the value of an object at the agent trap: allows an agent to notify the management station of significant events

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NT management inband ASAM

VP/VC = 0/32

AWS SANT

Configuration database

▼

The ADSL work station (AWS) manages the database via an inband PVC terminating on the NT board.

▼

This PVC must be configured at installation and has a default value of 0/32 on the NT.

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NT management outband (R4.2+) ASAM AWS SANT 10BaseT Configuration database IP Network

▼

Via the NT ethernet interface the AWS can also reach the NT database for outband management.

▼

Only 1 access can be used at the same time by the AWS!

The Ethernet interface allows to connect an ASAM to the intranet / internet, providing out–band management and easy integration in the operators management network. An ASAM shall be able to process IP traffic over the Ethernet interface at a sustained rate of 128 kbit/s full duplex. It shall be able to buffer up to 32 KByte (is equal to a burst at 256 kbit/s of Ethernet traffic during a period of 1 second). Each NT board has a unique MAC address, which is written in the inventory during manufacturing. On the NT-board 2 IP adresses can be configured for the inband management port (via ATM) and the outband management port (via Ethernet) but only one of them can be used for management at a given time. This is decided on AWS level how you will manage a given ASAM!

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Management via the A5522

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Configuration database (1) ASAM AWS SANT

Configuration database per ASAM

▼

The AWS also stores all software files, profiles and connection data.

▼

The AWS keeps a configuration database per ASAM

The supervision by the AWS is polling based, i.e. the SNMP manager asks SNMP agents to send management information (GET) and to perform actions (SET). Agents can also send spontaneous information (TRAPS) to the manager. A Full copy of the ASAM database is stored on the AWS. As SNMP runs over UDP, delivery of SNMP packets is not guaranteed, which might cause differences between the databases as we will discuss on the next slides.

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Configuration database (2) ASAM AWS SANT

Configuration database per ASAM

Configuration database

synchronised ▼

Both databases must be synchronised at all time.

▼

If one of the databases is corrupt, for example, AWS crash or SANT failure, a DISCOVERY is necessary (upload or download database)

The database on the AWS and the database on the ASAM must be synchronised at all times. When these 2 databases are not synchronised or when one of these databases is corrupt the AWS will signal this as a “discovery needed” on that particular ASAM. In this situation you can download or upload a database to clear the misalignment as discussed on the next slides!

The AWS serves as a reference database to the managed network. It allows an operator to prepare (pre-provision) the network configuration in advance. This configuration is then called the planned configuration.

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Discovery download ASAM Discovery download

AWS SANT Wrong, corrupt or incomplete database

Discovery download

▼

It is possible to download the AWS database and overwrite in this way the ASAM’s configuration.

▼

This is necessary if the database in the ASAM is wrong, corrupt or incomplete

When the ASAM database is wrong, corrupt or incomplete the database on the AWS can be downloaded to the ASAM and in this way overwrite the ASAM configuration.

The command on the AWS that corresponds with this is a “discovery download”. The AWS will start an audit, i.e. read and compare the ASAM database (through the SNMP GET command) with his own database. All values that are different on the ASAM will then be overwritten by the AWS.

Note that it is the AWS operator who will determine which database is correct.

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Discovery upload ASAM Discovery upload

AWS SANT

Wrong, corrupt or incomplete database

Discovery upload

▼

It is possible to upload the ASAM database and overwrite in this way the AWS configuration.

▼

This is necessary if the database in the AWS is wrong, corrupt or incomplete

When the AWS database is wrong, corrupt or incomplete the database on the ASAM can be uploaded to the AWS and in this way overwrite the AWS configuration copy of that ASAM.

The command on the AWS that corresponds with this is a “discovery upload”. The AWS will start an audit, i.e. read and compare the ASAM database (through the SNMP GET command) with his own database. All values that are different on the AWS will then be overwritten by the value on the ASAM.

Note that it is the AWS operator who will determine which database is correct.

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AWS configuration updates ASAM Operator Command

AWS SANT

Configuration database per ASAM

Configuration database

Configuration change

▼

If an operator command changes the ASAM’s configuration, the change is also sent towards the ASAM’s configuration database.

If an AWS operator changes the configuration of an ASAM this change is first done in the local AWS database and then send to the ASAM database through the SNMP SET command.

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Craft Terminal configuration updates ASAM AWS SANT

Configuration change

▼

CT Command

If the ASAM’s configuration is changed using the Craft Terminal, the change is also sent towards the AWS’s configuration database.

When a field engineer changes the configuration of an ASAM through the craft terminal the changes are first done in the local ASAM database and then send to the AWS database through SNMP Traps.

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Management via the A5523

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Configuration database ASAM A5523 SANT

Configuration database

▼

The A5523 AWS is MIBLESS => No local database stored on the AWS server!!

▼

Enhanced scalability with reference to the A5522. (also depending on hardware platform)

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Configuration updates

Operator command

SANT

GUI SNMP Manager

Configuration change

Configuration database

A5523 AWS

▼

If an operator command changes the ASAM’s configuration, the change is immediatly sent via SNMP towards the NT database in the ASAM.

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Software, ASAM characteristics & features

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Import and download software ASAM

Import software files: SANT ADLT ADNT

ADLT

AWS Download software

SANT ADLT

▼

Import software to AWS from tape, floppy, CD ROM or FTP.

▼

The operator downloads the software towards the SANT.

A copy of the ASAM running software for the cards is stored on the AWS. This software can be imported from different sources like tape, floppy, CD-ROM or FTP. The AWS operator then needs to manually download the correct software file for that ASAM or card to the corresponding ASAM. When a NT board leaves the factory the latest available software for that NT board and the software for one ADLT card is already present.

Some currently available software files for ASAM software release 4.1: ASAM board:

operational code of file:

• SANT-D

HH2TAA4.135

• E3NT-A

HH2TAA4.135

• SANT-E

KMXXAA4.135

• D3NT-B

KMXXAA4.135

• ADLT-E

HH3CAB4.133

• ADLT-F

HH3CAA4.126

• E1LT-A

JK4RAA4.105

• SANT-F

GFDRAA4.135

• ADLT-J

GFD5AA4.134

Always check with your Alcatel account manager for the latest up to date information! 770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

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ASAM start-up / board insert ASAM

ADLT

AWS

Multicast

SANT ADLT

▼

At power-up or board restart/insert the configured software is loaded using multicast.

▼

Also the ADLT configuration is downloaded using a point to point connection.

NT start-up: After the initial self test, the NT software checks for the available permanent data. If the database is empty the MIBs are initialised with default configuration data. Otherwise the MIBs are populated with the retrieved permanent data.

LT start-up: After the initial self test the LT issues an on-line message to the NT. The NT checks the LTs configuration status and initiates different actions. The correct software is downloaded to the LT (with a possible exception a software reset where the software, system - and specific data loaded in the RAM survive the reset), after this the NT downloads the configuration data of that specific card. Now the LT can continue with modem initialisation.

Software download to a LT card by the NT is done using multicast. If multiple LT cards initialise at the same time (after a ASAM power up) they will all be able to receive the software at the same time which will bring the overall start-up time of an ASAM down. The NT will then download the configuration to a specific card using a point to point communication.

Communication between the NT-board and the LT-boards is done over the IQ-bus.

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ANT start-up ASAM

ADLT SANT ADLT

▼

At power-up the ANT uses the software and the configuration of the flash memory

▼

If necessary, the software and/or configuration is downloaded from the ASAM.

▼

Software can be downloaded from the Client PC.

The ADSL Network Termination (ANT) stores the software and configuration in his flash memory. This flash memory can permanently store all this just like an NT board does in an ASAM. The Alcatel ANT has the possibility to receive his software from the Alcatel ASAM where he is connected to if so configured by the AWS operator. The end-user also has to possibility to download new software to the ANT. This is the trend today as end-users become responsible for their modem and can download newer software versions from the internet and upgrade the modem themselves.

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SANT Alive polling ASAM

AWS

SANT

ALIVE POLLING

ADLT

ADLT

▼

The SANT detects ADLT insertion and downloads software / configuration.

▼

The SANT alive polling detects ADLT removal. This is reported towards the AWS

The NT-board will detect the insertion, presence or removal of an LT-board via polling on the IQ-bus. Any changes will also be reported to the AWS via SNMP TRAPs.

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ASAM Database Backup on disk

ASAM

ASAM AWS

ASAM

An ASAM database backup can be stored on any available media.

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Backup on disk/tape Full AWS configuration

ASAM

ASAM AWS

ASAM

A full AWS database backup (with the database copy of each ASAM) can be stored on any available media.

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NT redundancy IQ-B

STM-1

IQ-A

PLIM ADLT NT-A APS EPS

SYNC CHANNEL

ADLT

STM-1

PLIM

SHLT

NT-B

VALT

In case of 1+1 NT redundancy both NT boards remain active all the time! In fact one refers to active/standby (A/S led on the board) in the context that both NTs remain physically powered, however only 1 of them accesses the IQ bus and sends the traffic to the network. There is a communication channel (1+1 sync channel) between both NTs to synchronise the databases (or SW when needed). When a switch-over is needed, it is first checked if the databases are fully synchronous; if not an update needs to be done first (supposing the NT processor and memory are still intact). The switch-over is triggered by: APS (link protection) which decides on the basis of FM indications (LOS, LOF ..) that the incoming optical link is no longer reliable Equipment (e.g. extender chain with failures, 1 of both IQ busses acting strange...)! Forced by AWS

Errors (APS) are detected by the active NT, the NT in standby (in the case of APS) monitors the link in order to verify if a switch-over to the standby (as a result of APS) is a viable alternative. Suppose the standby also detects a LOS/LOF, the switch-over cannot take place (of course, the odds of a double error to occur are much lower than a single failure). The switch-over time is less than 50ms.

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ASAM interfaces

IQ-bus

NAI

NT-board

ATM

subtending LT-board

IPGW & VALT

AAI

ISI

LT-board

UAI …

ASAM

▼

A board with an Internal Server Interface (ISI) terminates ATM connections within the board!

NAI: Network Access Interface Board involved: NT boards AAI: Access Access Interface Boards involved: NT board (S-ASAM) and subtending boards (E1LT, SALT, …) UAI: User Access Interface Boards involved: xDSL LT boards (ADLT & SHLT) ISI: Internal Server Interface Boards involved: Gateway boards like the IP gateway (IPGW) and the voice gateway (VALT) This standard terminology is mainly used from AWS R4.2 on!

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Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) in H-ASAM ASAM ISP ADLT

Network operator VP/VC

NETWORK SIDE VP/VC

USER SIDE VP/VC

AWS Operator Network Operator

▼

In case of PVC connections the operators will install the connections

The AWS operator creates the ATM Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) on the ASAM between the ADLT port and the NT ATM port. The network operator creates the ATM PVC in the ATM network between the ASAM and the content provider. Once the connections have been established the end-user can use this to connect to his content provider or Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Note that VP/VC values have only local significance.

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PVC in subtending ASAM H-ASAM

S-ASAM

ISP E1LT

Network operator VP/VC

NETWORK SIDE VP/VC

ADLT

USER NETWORK / NETWORK SIDE SIDE VP/VC VP/VC

USER SIDE VP/VC

AWS Operator Network Operator

▼

The subtending PVC is linked to the H-ASAM PVC

In case of subtending the AWS operator needs to create two PVCs, one on each ASAM. The network side VP/VC of the subtending ASAMPVC will be the user side VP/VC of the Hub-ASAM PVC. The network operator creates the ATM PVC in the ATM network between the ASAM and the content provider. Once the connections have been established the end-user can use this to connect to his content provider or Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Note that VP/VC values have only local significance.

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LT cross connects (R4.2+)

IQ-bus

NAI

subtending LT-board

AAI

NT-board

ISI

ATM

UAI …

VP loop!

LT-board

ASAM

▼

Done by 1 VP loop on the NT board (no ATM switching!)

▼

Double bandwidth taken on IQ-bus (up & down)

▼

Only from UAI/AAI interfaces to ISI interface

Only one VP loop per NT board. The NT loop is established automatically, the AWS operator will create a crossconnection directly between the UAI/AAI interface and the ISI interface. Only on GANT-B. So can only be done in High Density & Ultra Density equipment. No applicable for VP connections. There is no CAC for the loop. Looped traffec takes twice the IQ bandwidth although this is not accounted for by CAC. No pre-defined bandwidth for the VP loop. No correct QoS behaviour between NT traffic and looped traffic. NT traffic has always the priority over looped traffic! This has the effect that UBR NT traffic can make CBR looped traffic wait! Because of above restrictions we recommend following safe configurations: NT interface: DS3 or less (even null) Maximum 1 IP gateway with 2 voice gateways

Because of lower priority on looped traffic we need a backpressure mechanism from the NT towards the LT for upstream traffic. In case the loopbuffer on the NT is full backpressure is activated which stops all upstream traffic. This mechanism ensures no cells are lost. (they are buffered on the LT card)! The NT VP loop is a short term solution to remove loops in the ATM network and to take some stress from the NT ATM interface. ATM switching on the NT board is foreseen from R5.0 on.

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Point to multipoint (R4.2+)

IQ-bus

AAI LEAF!

NAI

NT-board

ISI

ATM

LEAF!

UAI …

ROOT! ASAM

LEAF!

▼

Uni-directional connection from a single endpoint (ROOT) to multiple endpoint (LEAFs)

▼

Only NAI/ISI intf. can be root. UAI/AAI & ISI can be leaf.

Used to reduce traffic in the ATM Network. Replication of ATM traffic is done as close as possible to the leaf. Uni-directional (Downstream) connection so today used for multicast services like television and radio broadcasts. Only NAI (NT) and ISI (VALT & IPGW) can be ROOT. UAI, AAI and ISI can be LEAF.

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ATM service categories & traffic parameters

T.P.

PCR

SCR,MBS

MCR

CTD

CDV

CLR

CBR

specified

N/A

N/A

optional

optional

optional

rt-VBR

specified

specified

N/A

optional

optional

optional

nrt-VBR

specified

specified

N/A

unspecified unspecified

UBR

optional

N/A

N/A

unspecified unspecified unspecified

PCR

MCR

MBS

MFS

optional

optional

optional

specified

QoS

QoS

GFR

T.P.

specified

Absolute QoS is a matter for the operator, depending also on network dimensioning!

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QOS - Constant Bitrate (CBR)

Cells transmitted up to PCR are guaranteed!

Current ASAM software releases are capable of running a Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Quality of Service (QoS) PVC on a ADSL line.

A CBR QoS is described by following traffic descriptors: • Peak Cell Rate (PCR) in kbps • Cell Delay Variation Tolerance (CDVT) in µsec

All traffic within these parameters is guaranteed!

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QOS - Unspecified Bitrate (UBR+)

UBR + ⇒ MCR ≠ 0

UBR+: cells transmitted up to MCR are guaranteed!

Current ASAM software releases are capable of running a Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) Quality of Service (QoS) PVC on an ADSL line.

A UBR QoS is described by following traffic descriptors: • Peak Cell Rate (PCR) in kbps • Minimum Cell Rate (MCR) in kbps

An UBR QoS PVC with MCR greater then zero is referred to as UBR +! All traffic within these parameters is guaranteed up to the MCR and best effort or not guaranteed between PCR and MCR!

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QoS – Variable Bit Rate (VBR)

NT

LT

Physical wire

VBR

SCR

PCR

VBR

SCR

PCR

ATM

Cells transmitted up to SCR are guaranteed! Bursts at PCR are guaranteed up to the MBS!

From ASAM software release 4.2 we are capable of running a Variable Bit Rate (VBR) Quality of Service (QoS) PVC on an ADSL line.

A VBR QoS is described by following traffic descriptors: • Peak Cell Rate (PCR) in kbps • Cell Delay Variation Tolerance (CDVT) in µsec • Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) in kbps • Maximum Burst Size (MBS) in cells

Two type of VBR exist: real-time VBR and non-real-time VBR (rt-VBR & nrt-VBR). Real-time VBR is mainly for jitter sensitive applications and will have a higher priority on non realtime VBR which will mainly be used for lesser jitter sensitive applications (near real time applications). Within nrt-VBR three variant exist: nrt-VBR.1, nrt-VBR.2 & nrt-VBR.3 • Nrt-VBR.1: all conforming cells with the CLP bit=0 or 1 are treated the same. Noncomforming cells are discarded • Nrt-VBR.2: All conforming cells with CLP=0 have a lower CLR than the conforming cells with CLP=1 send above SCR but within the MBS. Non conforming cells are discarded. • nrt-VBR.3: Same as nrt-VBR.2 but non-conforming cells are tagged.

CLR= Cell Loss Ratio 770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

A lower CLR corresponds to a better QoS! 103

 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

QoS – Guaranteed Frame Rate

▼

GFR is a AAL-5 frame based QoS.

▼

GFR uses similar traffic parameters like VBR to determine conformity of ATM cells.

▼

In case of congestion an ATM switch will aim to discard complete frames or the remaining cells of a frame, this principle is known as frame discard.

From ASAM software release 4.2 we are capable of running a GFR (GFR) Quality of Service (QoS) PVC on an ADSL line.

A GFR QoS is described by following traffic descriptors: • Peak Cell Rate (PCR) in kbps • Cell Delay Variation Tolerance (CDVT) in µsec • Minimum Cell Rate (MCR) in kbps • Maximum Burst Size (MBS) in cells • Maximum Frame Size (MFS) in cells

GFR service guarantees are based around AAL5 frames,and under congestion the network aims to discard complete frames, a function known as frame discard, instead of discarding arbitrary cells. In case an incomplete frame is delivered by the network, the last cell of that frame should also be delivered to indicate the end of the frame.

Frame discard is mandatory for GFR but is also available for other QoS within the ASAM!

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BI-QOS (until R4.1.3x)

▼

BI-QOS allows the mix of CBR and UBR on the same ADSL line: ◆

CBR

◆

UBR (MCR=0 !!)

Best Effort (no UBR+)

Current ASAM software releases are capable of running a mix of PVCs with a different Quality of Service (QoS) on a ADSL line. Permanent virtual circuits running a UBR QoS on a BI-QoS ADSL line must have a MCR equal to zero, or with other words on a BI-QoS line no UBR+ is allowed.

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Multi QoS (R4.2+)

▼

From R4.2 it is possible to mix connections with different QoS on one LT interface!

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◆

CBR

◆

VBR

◆

UBR & UBR+

◆

GFR

Only on HD & UD

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QoS priority

▼

nrt-VBR, GFR and UBR+ can be split in partly guaranteed and non-guaranteed (NG) traffic.

▼

Within the ASAM following priorities apply: ◆ CBR ◆ rt-VBR ◆ nrt-VBR

◆ NG nrt-VBR

◆ GFR

◆ NG GFR

◆ UBR+

◆ NG UBR+

As several ADSL lines (up to 2304) can connect to one ASAM supporting several Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC) it is necessary to do some priority checking in the upstream direction (from user to ATM network). A SANT-F supports up to 10.368 PVCs. All these PVCs can deliver cells to the NT board for transmission on the ATM network. Priority checking is depending on the QoS of the connection. • CBR traffic is guaranteed and has therefore the highest priority. • UBR traffic can be subdivided in guaranteed traffic and non-guaranteed traffic (G-UBR and NG-UBR). G-UBR has the priority on NG-UBR.

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Upstream Access Priority

Priority sub-class

QoS class CBR

AGIN

CBR

G - rt VBR

rt - VBR

G - nrt VBR

nrt - VBR

G - GFR

G

WEIG

G - UBR+

GFR UBR

HTED

NG - nrt VBR

AC CESS

NG - GFR NG - UBR+

Priority checking is depending on the QoS of the connection. • CBR traffic is guaranteed and has therefore the highest priority. • UBR traffic can be subdivided in guaranteed traffic and non-guaranteed traffic (G-UBR and NG-UBR). G-UBR has the priority on NG-UBR. Priority can then be set in the following order: 1. Constant Bit Rate traffic 2. Guaranteed Unspecified Bit rate traffic 3. Non-guaranteed Unspecified Bit Rate traffic All traffic waiting in a queue is transmit before moving to the next queue. If all queues are emptied of a certain traffic type then is moved on to the next priority. If in the mean time cells arrive in the queue of a higher priority traffic type it moves back to this higher priority for delivery of the cells. When all queues are emptied of the guaranteed traffic type (CBR & G-UBR) then is moved on to the not-guaranteed traffic type queues.

Moving from one queue with guaranteed traffic to the other queue with other guaranteed traffic is based on the ageing principle. For non-guaranteed traffic this access is based on the weighted access principle. The weight of an interface can be configured via the “NGCR administrative weight” parameter in the ASAM. Also configurable via the AWS 4.2.

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Connection Admission Control (CAC)

152.64 Mbps

ASAM

149.76 Mbps

For example; -Down: 4 Mbps -Up: 400 kbps

CAC DOWN OK? yes

SANT

ADLT

CAC UP OK? yes

CAC UP OK? yes

Connection: -Down: 2 Mbps -Up: 200 kbps

▼

When a new connection is established, the CAC checks the available bandwidth.

▼

If there is not enough bandwidth, the connection is refused.

The Connection Admission Control (CAC) checks if a connection can be established. If for example not enough bandwidth is available a connection will be refused by the CAC checks.

CAC checks are on the ADSL port in the upstream - and the downstream direction. CAC checks on the NT-port are only performed in the upstream direction because of the usable bandwidth for user data on a STM-1 is lower (149,76Mbps) then the usable bandwidth on the internal IQ-bus of the ASAM (152,64Mbps).

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Policing ASAM

Transmit 300 kbps

Allow maximum 200 kbps

SANT

ADLT

Connection: -Down: 2 Mbps -Up: 200 kbps

▼

The upstream policing function in the ADLT drops cells if the upstream bitrate is exceeded

▼

The downstream policing function is executed in the ATM network

Policing is a function that is best done as close as possible to the source of transmission. For the upstream direction this is the ASAM as the ASAM does not consider the ANT as a trusted source for policing. Policing is not performed on the ASAM for the downstream direction. It is considered that this is done by the ATM network or any other mechanism.

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Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)

▼

UNI 3.1 signalling

▼

ATM-F or Speed Touch PC

▼

From SANT-E onwards

▼

Bandwidth reserved for duration of the call

▼

CAC accepts or rejects the call

▼

SVC allows to connect more users to the ASAM

▼

SVC necessity for next generation network topology

▼

Point-to-point only

▼

Signalling channel VP 0 VC 5

▼

Always on becomes ALWAYS AVAILABLE

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SVC set-up scenario

CACO

ISP

ASAM

Connection Co Setup nn ec toi nni Sgi fo na llni g

Connection Setup Signalling

ADLT ANI

ATM-F

UAI

An end-user (that supports SVC set-up) signals on VP/VC 0/5 the request for a Virtual Circuit (VC). The ASAM transparently sends this information on to the ATM network. The Call Control (CACO) for the ATM network will receive this signalling information and set-up a VC in the ATM network according the requirements. The CACO will signal the connection information to the ASAM who can then configure the local VP/VC and will then signal his connection information to the end-user.

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High-speed subtending (R4.2+)

4 x E1 4 x E1 4 x E1

4 x E1 4 x E1

E3 STM-1

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Release Feature List

RELEASE FEATURE LIST: Gives an overview of the features in the current releases.

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Alcatel nomenclature

What is the release of an ASAM ? It is a combination of several SOFTWARE packages A) AWS software package AND B) Several new software packages for all the boards of an ASAM

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AWS AWS4.1 4.1 ASAM 4.1

 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

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Golden ATU-C

AWS

AWS operator

Golden ATU-C

ATU-C

NT NT

LT LT

ATU-R ANT

... ASAM

▼

Detailed line quality and performance monitoring

▼

AWS operator launches Golden ATU-C application in order to analyze a particular ADSL port of an ASAM

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Programmable Interleaving

◆

Programmable Interleaved Delay

◆

Update every 10s of attainable bitrate (ATM max. with header) (Relative Capacity Occupation (RCO) = actual line rate / attainable)

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Programmable Interleaving DELAY

HIGH 18 ms FAST LOW

MEDIUM

4 ms 2 ms

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Bitrate

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$’6/ GRHVQ•W DOORZ 0,; ZLWK 6’ LW LV +’ RQO\

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ASAM R4.0 Main features

▼

High-Density boards ◆

POTS LT and splitters

◆

Various NTs : STM-1, E3, DS3

▼

Metallic test access

▼

F4/F5 loopback (LT - ANT)

▼

AWS enhancements

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ASAM R4.0 High Performance NT boards ▼

SVC support

▼

Increased line capacity ◆

▼

Increased connection capacity ◆

▼

Up to 2304 lines (+ subtended)

6000 connections, 4000 VP range

Increased processing power and memory to support new services

▼

Modular technology ◆

GANT-B motherboard (HD)

◆

STM1 / OC3 / E3 / DS3 daughterboard

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Metallic Test Access (R4.0)

▼

Allows to connect outgoing pairs (to end-user) to a dedicated test equipment

▼

Controlled by TL-1 commands

▼

Added value for customer

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

◆

Maintenance capabilities

◆

Detailed noise analysis

◆

Location of bridged taps

◆

Shorts - opens

◆

....

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The Alcatel ASAM R4.1 main features

▼

High-density hardware ◆

4*E1 IMA LT (to connect SD subtending ASAM’s)

◆

ADSL over ISDN (ETSI)

▼

Full integration with existing Standard-Density (SD) hardware

▼

1+1NT redundancy

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ASAM R4.1 New Line termination boards ▼

HD ADSL over ISDN LT 12 lines per board, SW upgradable to ITU G.dmt

◆

Annex B, Backward compatible with R3 solution

▼

HDSL-2 LT (ANSI standard, not proprietary, not ETSI ) ◆

Fixed rate 1.5 Mbit/s symmetrical service, ANSI compliant, Single pair HDSL with ADSL friendly crosstalk model (ANSI), Repeatered capability

▼

HD 4xE1 IMA LT ◆

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Enables connection of SD subtended ASAMs

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ASAM R4.1 Mixed rack / shelf principles ▼

Mixed rack (SD in front!)

▼

Mixed shelf

SD Shelf SD Shelf 48 Lines 48 Lines HD Shelf 192 Lines

SD Shelf SD Shelf 48 Lines 48 Lines HD Shelf 192 Lines

SD Shelf SD Shelf 48 Lines 48 Lines

SD Shelf 48 Lines

HD Shelf SD Shelf SD Shelf 192 Lines 48 Lines 48 Lines

HD Shelf HD Shelf SD Shelf 192 Lines 192 Lines 48 Lines

=optional

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Mixed HD/SD configurations

▼

Supports concatenation of SD and HD shelves using bus extenders

▼

Benefits : ◆

Fill existing SD ASAMs with HD shelves

◆

Expand capacity of SD ASAM beyond 576 lines using HD racks and shelves (requires GANT NT)

▼

Configuration rules ◆

All SD racks and shelves are first in the chain

◆

Extend with additional HD shelves / racks

◆

Maximum 12 shelves in total

◆

For systems with SANT-D NT : max nr of lines=576

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ASAM R4.1 1+1 NT Redundancy Principles Protection mode ◆ ◆

▼

NT database Sync Channel

1+1

NT

NT

Active

Standby

Active / Standby

Switch-over control lines (HW)

Security Blocks for SDH ◆

APS (Automatic Protection Switch) on line

◆

STM-1/OC3c

▼

NT

NT

EXT

EXT

NT

NT

EXT

EXT

EPS (Equipment Protection

▼

Security Blocks for PDH ◆

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EPS on NT and Extender(s)

130

E3/DS3

Switch) on NT and Extender(s)

 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

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Overview

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The Alcatel ASAM Main features ASAM R4.1.10

▼

High-Density (HD) hardware ◆

G.shdsl LT boards

▼

ITU G.dmt B compliance for ADSL on ISDN

▼

VoDSL Gateway (ETSI)

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

◆

Standalone Gateway (7310 VoDSL LVG)

◆

Integrated Gateway (7300 ASAM)

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Alcatel OneStream ASAM Symmetrical DSL solutions

▼

Spectrum compatibility

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

◆

Loop unbundling regulation will be closely followed by spectral management regulation

◆

Old SDSL technologies cause unacceptable crosstalk levels

◆

New SDSL linecodes (HDSL-2, ETSI SDSL, ITU G.shdsl) give highly improved spectral efficiency

◆

Less crosstalk and higher bandwidths available on the copper lines

◆

Only new SDSL linecodes will be allowed

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VoDSL overview

PSTN POTS ISP

8 x E1 V 5.2

SMC

Corporates

Lifeline

GW AS (BRAS)

POTS

NT PS

PS

LT ASAM A7300 HW

Service providers

...

ATM

Access providers

Speed Touch 710

End users

The above drawing shows the VoDSL infrastructure. The voice processing function is called the gateway.There is a gateway function necessary in the CPE and in the network where the gateway is also connected to the PSTN network. The V5.2 interface used between the GW and the PSTN uses up to 8 E1 links. Each E1 link can handle 30 (31) calls but these channels are allocated dynamically by signalling. The latter allows overbooking in terms of user ports (one user port corresponds to one telephone number). The gateway function in the CPE was implemented by Alcatel in the very well known Speed Touch Pro. This ST PRO including the gateway function is called the Speed Touch 710 (Integrated Access Device) In this way the voice of the different calls is multiplexed and is sent from gateway to gateway and further to the PSTN. At the same time the user can connect to the data network using a BRAS function. The existing FDM POTS line could be used as a lifeline since the VoDSL phones are not available if there is no power available.

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Alcatel voice gateways

▼

The Alcatel 7310 is the Alcatel loop voice gateway (A7310 LVG). ◆

The A7310 is based on the A7300 HD hardware but is filled with voice gateway cards instead of ADSL line cards.

◆

▼

This voice gateway is also referred to as the external gateway.

An ASAM 7300 can also be expanded with the voice gateway feature. ◆

The ASAM is filled with a mix of ADSL line cards and 1 or more voice gateway cards.

◆

This voice gateway is also referred to as the integrated gateway.

The developed voice gateway hardware fits into the current High Density (HD) hardware in the position of the line boards and splitter boards and takes up two slots per voice gateway. An ASAM with only voice gateway functionalities is referred to as the external voice gateway where as the ASAM filled with LT boards and voice gateway boards is referred to as the integrated voice gateway.

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VoDSL Operator benefits ▼

▼

Grow revenues ◆

Deliver compelling service bundles (data + multiple voice channels)

◆

Increase revenue via additional services

Lower costs ◆

Automated/soft provisioning of extra lines (no truck roll)

◆

Integrated access network, lowering OAM costs

◆

Lower loop plant investments : reduced number of active copper pairs, especially to business users

◆

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Leverage DSL platform

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 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

Roadmap

ROADMAP: Gives an overview of the features in the future releases

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Note that product roadmaps and releases can change into time so always check with your Alcatel account manager or on the latest product roadmap for the correct last up to date information! -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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The Alcatel ASAM Roadmap overview

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Alcatel ASAM 7300 xDSL Roadmap overview

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Main features ASAM R4.2

▼

Further improved density / power ◆

24 line ADSL board

◆

24 line G.shdsl board

▼

High-speed subtending LT : DS3/E3 and OC3/STM-1

▼

ATM enhancements

▼

Integrated IP Server Card (cfr. OneStream BAS)

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R4.2 High-speed subtending

4 x E1 4 x E1 4 x E1

4 x E1 4 x E1

E3 STM-1

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R4.2 Main ATM enhancements

▼

QOS enhancements : ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07

rt-VBR and nrt-VBR GFR : frame-aware, superior performance, easy to deploy Multi-QoS per line (including as well CBR, UBR, UBR+) Selective cell discard (for HD hardware only) EPD/PPD for service classes other than GFR

144

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R4.2 Main ATM enhancements

▼

Further F4/F5 support : ◆

Passive Loopback, Loopback Generation, AIS/RDI

▼

Multicast support for Video On Demand ◆ UNI 3.1 Point-to-Multipoint connections for broadcast ◆ Increases bandwidth for broadcast channel

▼

Extended ATM Performance Monitoring

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IP Server Card

▼

Single-board IP Server Card ◆

Optional (E.g. precluded by regulations)

◆

Linear extendable

▼

Mix of both ATM and IP networking scenarios supported

▼

Main features and benefits ◆

Ethernet interface (10/100BT)

◆

More than an IP router : all features of Broadband Access Server

◆

Wide range of layer 2 protocols

◆

Flexible addition of mature IP features

◆

Scalability

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ATM

xDSL

Ethernet, FR, ATM,..

 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved 15

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ASAM R4.x Roadmap

ASAM R4.2 ASAM R4.1 NG AWS ASAM R4.0 ASAM R3.x

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ASAM migration rules

▼

General rules for ASAM migration support : ◆

Main functional releases (M.N) cannot be skipped

◆

Migration is supported for Maintenance releases M.N.x to M.N.x+1 Main release M.N to M.N+1 (or to M+1.0 if N is the last)

◆

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AWS Release M.N (and its related maintenance releases M.N.x) supports ASAM Release M.N and M.N-1.x

149

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ASAM SW / HW mapping

▼

ASAMHW

Both on AWS

SD ASAM SWRel. R3.0 R3.1 R3.2 R4.0 R4.1 R4.2

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SANT-D

X X X X -

HD

SANT-E

SANT-F

(GANT-A)

(GANT-B)

X X X

X X X

ASAM release is determined by the loaded SW version, not by the HW

No mix with SD

150

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Roadmap

ng-AWS ng-AWS AWS AWS

ASAM R5.0 ASAM R4.2 ASAM R4.1 ASAM R4.0 ASAM R3.x

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ASAM - AWS - NG-AWS compatibility matrix

▼

5522 AWS product will be discontinued ◆

latest version is R4.1(.M)

◆

replaced by 5523 NG-AWS

▼

R4.1.10: ASAM supported only by NG-AWS

▼

R4.1.15: NG-AWS supports only ASAM R4.1(.M) features

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NT boards HD and SD overview

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ADSL LT boards HD and SD

◆

Notes (1) only ETSI-ISDN in R4.1 and R4.1.10 (2) both ETSI-ISDN and G.dmt Annex B in R4.2 (3) both ETSI-ISDN and G.dmt Annex B in R4.1.10 (4) 24 Lines ISDN board

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What’s happening outside?

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R5 goals?

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Power - Density Evolution

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◆

144 lines per rack

◆

384 lines per rack (12 lines per board)

◆

576 lines per rack (external splitters)

◆

768 lines per rack (24 lines per board)

◆

1152 lines per rack (external splitters)

◆

1536 lines per rack (48 lines per board)

◆

2304 lines per rack (external splitters)

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Evolution to All Digital Loop

▼

Key characteristics of the packet based loop ◆

emergency power feeding

◆

very high density DSLAM (~1000 lines per rack)

◆

‘Universal Integrated DSL Network Termination - Gateway’

data interface + POTS lines

LEX

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VDSL architecture

...

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