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5G Base Station Antenna Design

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Agenda  5G Design Challenges  Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)  Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator  5G Antenna Magus Base Station Case Studies CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Agenda  5G Design Challenges  MIMO  Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator  5G Antenna Magus Base Station Case Studies CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

5G Design Challenges  High Gain Requirements  Mobile Device: 12 dB and Base Station: 25 dB

 High Frequency (28 GHz)  Array topology  Atmospheric effects

 Diversity Gain: MIMO  Multipath CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Agenda  5G Design Challenges  MIMO  Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator  5G Antenna Magus Base Station Case Studies CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Communication Networks Communication antennas need to cope with a complex environment All base-station antennas are placed near the horizontal plane  Mean Effective Gain (MEG)

Tilted reflecting planes change signal polarization  Cross Polarization Rate (XPR)

MIMO Antenna Systems for Advanced Communication Webinar

https://www.cst.com/Applications/Article/MIMO-Antenna-Advanced-Communication

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Multi-path signal transmission may lead to destructive signal overlay, resulting in local deep dips (called Rayleigh-Fading)  Diversity/MIMO

Diversity / MIMO Antennas Simple Maximal Signal Diversity Gain

Multi-path signal transmission may lead to destructive signal overlay resulting in local deep dips (called Rayleigh-Fading)

Antenna 1

Multiple antennas (antenna diversity) may overcome this problem

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Antenna 2 „best of“ (diversity gain)

Diversity / MIMO Antennas Select from:    

Diversity Gain Envelope Correlation Coefficient Multiplexing Efficiency Mean Effective Gain

Load farfield of second antenna

Envelope Correlation from Farfield:

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Envelope Corr. from S-Parameters:

Agenda  5G Design Challenges  MIMO  Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator  5G Antenna Magus Base Station Case Studies CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

MIMO Base Station Array Example

[1] Konstantinos Prionidis, “MIMO Configurable Array for Sector / Omni-Directional Coverage”, Department of Signals & Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden 2014

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Huawei MIMO Base Station Example -Novel antenna array concept study for small cell sizes (higher capacity and efficiency), 25% bandwidth at 2GHz

-MIMO Diversity gain central to improved efficiency -2 logical ports; Polarization diversity utilized (Eh and Ev received) -12 physical ports (spatial diversity) -Unique 360°azimuth plane beam forming capabilities -Elevation up and down tilt beam steering capabillities CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Horizontal Element Horizontal (top)

Vertical (bottom)

4 printed arc-dipoles, centrally fed Printed stack up and parasitic tuning elements used to obtain good compromise between size and bandwidth (~27%) CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Vertical Element

Vertical (top) Horizontal (bottom) ‘Small ground’ monopole Planar width increases bandwidth CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Obtained Return Loss

Broadband impedance matching obtained, while maintaining compact antenna configuration CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Array Design and Considerations

Both horizontal and vertical elements can produce one vertical polarized omni-directional OR one vertical polarized sector radiation pattern Spacing between horizontal elements a challenge, grating lobes for array Top and bottom ground plates introduce phased reflections to mitigate; acts as a small ground for vertical monopole elements CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Agenda  5G Design Challenges  MIMO  Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator  5G Antenna Magus Base Station Case Studies CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Mobile Broadband Communication System 28 GHz system 500 MHz bandwidth 25 dBi Transmit gain (Sector antenna) 12 dBi Receive gain (Mobile)

* Antenna Array Design for Multi-Gbps mmWave Mobile Broadband Communication Sridhar Rajagopal, Shadi Abu-Surra, Zhouyue Pi and Farooq Khan, Dallas Technology Lab, Samsung Electronics,

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station Millimetre Wave Base station Very High Gain OR An array of Millimetre Wave antennas Base station Very High Gain

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station Objectives: Centre frequency(f₀) = 28 GHz Gain (G) = 25 dBI Parameters: Waveguide width (Wg) = 8.405 mm Waveguide height (Hg) = 8.405 mm Waveguide length (Lg) = 16.86 mm Flare angle of the horn (θ) = 28 ° Length from apex to outer top edge (Lt) = 172.4 mm Derived Quantities: The length of the antenna (X) = 172.4 mm The width of the antenna (Y) = 42.99 mm The height of the antenna (Z) = 69.23 mm Length from apex to inner bottom edge (Lb) = 105.3 mm

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station Hexagonal sector-array layout

Objectives: Centre frequency(f₀) = 28 GHz Number of array elements (N) = 6 Radius of the array = 7λ (75 mm) Derived Quantities: Diameter = 150 mm

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station Objectives: Centre frequency (f₀) = 28 GHz Gain (G) = 12 dBi Parameters: … Aperture width (Wa) = 19.65 mm … Diameter of coaxial inner conductor (Di) = 357.1 μm Diameter of coaxial outer conductor (Do) = 822.5 μm Length of the coaxial feed (Lc) = 1.071 mm Derived Quantities: The width of the antenna (aperture width) (X) = 19.65 mm The height of the antenna (aperture height) (Y) = 6.901 mm The length of the antenna (waveguide length + flare length) (Z) = 12.07 mm

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Objectives: Centre frequency(f₀) = 28 GHz Gain(G) = 11 dBi

Derived Quantities: Number of elements = 14 Length = 68.20 mm Spacing = 5.238 mm

Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station Objectives: Centre frequency (f₀) = 28 GHz Gain (G) = 11 dBi Derived Quantities: Number of elements = 14 Length = 68.20 mm Spacing = 5.238 mm

Objectives: Centre frequency (f₀) = 28 GHz Number of elements = 14 Spacing = 0.7λ (7.493 mm) Side lobe level = 30dB Derived Quantities: Length = 90.47 mm

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station Hexagonal sector-array layout

Objectives: Centre frequency(f₀) = 28 GHz Number of array elements (N) = 6 Radius of the array = 3λ (37.5 mm) Derived Quantities: Diameter = 64.24 mm

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station 150 mm

105mm 65mm CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com

Array Comparison Parameter

Base Station 1

Base Station 2

6

14 x 6 [84]

Gain (dBi)

24.8

21.79

Sector 3dB Beamwidth (deg)

11.17

22.18

Array Size in Az (mm)

150.0

65.0

Array Size in El (mm)

172.4

105.0

No

Yes

Number of Elements

Beam Steering in El

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Summary  5G Antenna Device design will require high efficiency devices at frequencies approaching mm wave  MIMO Base Station design for maximum diversity  Antenna Magus provides Antenna and Array synthesis for rapid design exploration

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Thank you

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