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REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE ARQUITECTURA

INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE REVIEW

Madrid Social Housing N. 16

2010 / IV

nexus

Texto de/Text by MARK THOMAS AND BIANCA TULLOCH

Indice Contents

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Un comentario sobre el Mirador

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Un comentario sobre Celosia A Commentary on Celosia Carabanchel 16 Social Housing Carabanchel Social Housing

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Carabancehl 11 Social Housing Carabanchel Social Housing

La cubierta

REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE ARQUITECTURA

INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE REVIEW

The cover Madrid Social Housing N. 16

2010 / IV

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Texto de/Text by MARK THOMAS AND BIANCA TULLOCH

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2G Directora Editor -in-chief Monica Gili

REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE ARQUITECTURA INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE REVIEW

Editor Editor Moises Puente, Lluis Ortega Coordinacion editorial Editorial staff Carmen Hernandez Bordas

Diseno Grafico Graphic Design Quim Pinto, Montse Fabregat

Traduccion Translation Jorge Sainz, Suzanne Strum, Shigeko Suzuki Correccion de estilo Text revision Carme Muntane, Paul Hammond Suscripciones Subscriptions Editorial Gustavo Gilli, SA Tel. 93 322 81 61 / Fax 93 322 92 05

Madrid Social Housing

Publicidad Advertising Pilar Tendero Garcia Tel. 93 580 39 33 / Fax 93 691 84 47 Rossello 87-89. 08029 Barcelona

Produccion Production Andreu Martinez

Fotomecanica Color seperations Gestio Digital, SL Impresion Printing Ingoprint Encuadernacion Binding Arte, SA Printed in Spain. Recista trimestral Deposito legal: B. 2/678-2000 ISSN: 1136-9647 Precio Price 3.950 pesetas IVA incluido Editorial Gustavo Gilli, SA, 2000 Ninguna parte de esta publicacion, incluido el diseno de la cubiera, puede reproducirse, almacenarse o transmitirse de ninguna forma, ni por ningun medi, sea este electrico, quimico, mecanio, optico, de grabacion o de fotocopia, sin la precia autorizacion escrita por parte de la Editorial. La Editorial no se pronuncia, ne expresa, ni implicitamente, repecto a la exactitud de la informacion contenida en esta recista, razon por la cual no puede asumir ningun tipo de responsabilidad en caso de error u omision. All rights reserved. Nor part of this work convered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems- without written permission of the publisher. The publisher makes no representation, recpress or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this publication and cannot accept legal responsability or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.

GG Editorial Gustavo Gilli, SA

Editor Publisher Editorial Gustavo Gilli, SA Rossello 87-89. 0829 Barcelona Tel. 93 322 81 61 / Fax 93 322 92 05 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.ggili.com

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2G 30 x 23 cm. 144 paginas ilustradas en color Texto castellano-ingles Perodicidad trimestral 30 x 23 cm. 144 pages; illustrated in colour Bilingual text English-Spanish Quarterly publication Numeros publicados 1. Davis Chipperfield Obra recente 2. Toyo Ito Seccion 199 3. Landscape. Estrategias para la construccion del paisaje 4. Arne Jacobsen. Edificios publicos5. Eduardo Souto de Moura. Obra reciente 6. Ushida Findlay 7. R.M. Schindler. 10 Casas 8. Arquitectura latinoamericana. Unia nueva generacion 9. Williams Tsien. Obras 10. Instant china 11. Baumschlager & eberle 12. Craig Ellwood. 15 Casas 13. Carlos Jimenez 14. Construir en las montanas. Arquitectura reciente en los Grisones 15. Arquitectura itliana de la posguerra 1944-1960 Issues published 1. David chipperfield. Recent work 2. Toyo Ito. Section 1997 3. Landscape. Strategies for the construction of landscape 4. Arne Jacobsen. Public Buildings 5. Eduardo souto de Moura. Recent work 6. Ushida Findlay 7. R.M. Schindler. 10 Houses 8. Latin American architecture. A new generation 9. Williams Tsien. Works 10. Instant China 11. Baumschlager & Eberle 12. Craig Ellwood. 15 Houses 13. Carlos Jimenez 14.Building in the Mountains. Recent Architecture in Graubunden 15. Postwar Italian Architecture 1944-1960 7

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2G Obras y Proyectos

Works and Projects

Un comentario sobre el Mirador A Commentary on the Mirador

Emplazamineto Site Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain Equipo Team Blanca LLeo Ignacio Borrego Maria Espinosa Helena Aguilar Beatriz Fierro Miguel Tejada Juan Andres Antolin Maria Gonzalez Campo Contratista Contractor JD & asociados Estructura e instalaciones Structural and Services NB35 Madrid Jesus Jimenez Emilio Gonzalez Proyecto Design 2001-2005 Finalizacion Completion 2005

Once again the EMVS has rallied together to produce an architectural icon that raises interest in the topic of Madrid social housing. This time the Sanchinarro receives a reference point for the city extension that counterpoints against the uniformity of the normal housing blocks located in the city. The 22 storey building frames the existing landscape with a large lookout 40 meters above the ground while providing the users with a community garden and a space where they can both view and contemplate the skyline of the surrounding neighborhoods. The name arises from the pre-Columbian Mayan settlement that was known for its quantity and size of causeways, internally linking important architectural compounds, and externally linking the numerous major cities within. Similarly to its borrowed name the architecture tries to open domestic architecture to the new city environment and to its surrounding territories. The project tries to create an urban density where it is lacked in the city of Sanchinarro. The building reflects the extroversion and vividness of the Spanish culture. The normal block of houses that surround an inaccessible patio is flipped creating a public patio that still preserves the open space needed by the modern city. In contrast to the serial and rationalist repetition of the standard family unit, the housing units are grouped in small blocks that are stacked and glued together to create nine new superblocks, representative of integration of the various social groups and lifestyles. The articulation of these superblocks become apparent in the exterior palettes, equal parts stone, concrete, and tile. These white, gray, and black colors are offset with bands of red paint that are representative of the building’s circulation. Each block provides its own type of unit plan offering at least nine types of apartments for tenants. The slits in between the blocks act as access zones. These access zones interrupt and organize the superblocks to create the feel of small suburbs within a vertical neighborhood linked with stairs, halls, platforms, and streets. The views from the outdoor void are the special moments of this project. The communal platform views across to the Guadalajarra Mountains. This viewing platform that is located above the ground services the tenants of the building but is closed off to the public creating a benefit of social housing over normal banal tenant housing.

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Information from MVRDV

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Un comentario sobre la Celosia A Commentary on the Celosia Next to el Mirador the other escape from the uniformity of the housing units also designed by MVRDV is Celosia. The nearby Mirador building which was completed by MVRDV and Blanca Lleó in 2005 also discusses the traditional building block by exploring the vertical. With the Celosia building MVRDV experiments with horizontality and arranges the interior court but opposes the generic introverted architecture in the area by bringing light and communal space into the building mimicking the urban Spanish lifestyle by allowing every apartment to open up to a small plaza. In contrast to the technique of the Mirador of opening a single communal void 40 meters up to become a communal space, Celosia becomes an opening on all levels. Blocks of eight houses are seen as separate prefabricated figures. The given volume of the city block was divided into 30 small blocks of apartments. These blocks are positioned in a checkerboard pattern next to and on top of each other, leaving wide openings for communal patios throughout the building. The block assembles 146 apartments that are all accessed through communal areas. Although most of these apartments have additional private outdoor space right behind the front door, tenants also have the possibility to gather in the communal high-rise patios which offer views towards the city and the mountains. The simple act of opening the front door connects the private outdoor areas to the communal area. This perforated block allows light and air to move through the building while creating vistas from the street to the building back down to the surrounding area. Underneath the building is a two level parking garage with enough room to protect 165 vehicles. The plinth of the building also offers 6 retail units which once again allow the social housing to offer more amenities than the normal tenant housing in the area.

Emplazamineto Site Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain Equipo Team Blanca LLeo Winy Maa Jacob van rijs Nathalie de Vries

Contratista Contractor JD & asociados Estructura e instalaciones Structural and Services NB35 Madrid Jesus Jimenez Emilio Gonzalez Proyecto Design 2001-2009 Finalizacion Completion 2009

Information from MVRDV

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Carabanchel Social Housing

Emplazamineto Site Madrid, Spain Equipo Team Farshid Moussavi Alejandro Zaera Polo Nere Calvillo David Casino Leo Gallegos Caroline Markus Joaquim Rigau Eva Scheucher

Contratista Contractor Acciona Estructura e instalaciones Structural and Services Jesus Hierro JHS Proyecto de Estructuras y Arquitectura, S.L. Alfonso Cuenca Sanchez FASEVEN ASETECNIC Raol Heranz S.D.C. Proyecto Design 2005-2007 Finalizacion Completion 2007

The project on the outskirts of Madrid is composed of 100 housing units and a double skin façade. The site of the project exists near a new urban park on the west and on the north. The architectural approach was to maximize space within these housing units while also allowing them to be flexible and very high in quality. The homogenous skin made of bamboo serves the purpose of erasing the visibility of the individual units and their differences creating one single volume as a result. The approach to the building is along the street of the west façade and on the opposition side of the building from the east façade adjacent to the garden. The location of the units was developed so that each façade of the housing unit faces a nascent urban park and a garden. The units are compacted within the rectangular mass of the building with terraces that span the length of the building on either side. These two terraces act as a buffer zone in between the unit itself and the bamboo façade. In between the two terraces is where the units are located as elongated tubes that connect both façades. Since the primary access to these units exits on the outermost regions of the buildings, the seven cores allows for access up to the higher units. The façade allows for maximum solar exposure as well as views to the gardens. It is comprised of bamboo screens mounted on folding frames. The screens may be folded open or shut to regulate the amount of sunlight into the units. These screens may also be opened up for views out into the city which creates a disruption in the continuity of the façade. The units themselves are fully glazed on either side. Each unit is accessed through sliding doors along the terrace.

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View of the facade from the garden.

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View of the facade from the garden.

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View of the facade from the garden.

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Carabanchel Social Housing

Emplazamineto Site Calle de los Morales 25 Madrid, Spain Equipo Team Paul Gonzales Pavel Getov Simon Demeuse Chris Warren Ed Hatcher Eui Yeob Jeong Joachim Reiter Kurt West Alicia Berenguer Borja Herrero Begona Iglesias Leon Benacerraf B+DU Estudio de Arquitectura Contratista Contractor UICESA Estructura e instalaciones Structural and Services Carlos Pintor Roberto Vargas Ana Luenga Rafael Urculo Borja Herrero Gerardo Berrocal Proyecto Design 2002-2006 Finalizacion Completion 2006

The social housing project in the PAU of Carabanchel provides an alternative response to the typical tower –like structure with a rhythmic organization of the social housing units. The organization of the Carabanchel 11 social housing units are positioned in a way that forms a ‘J’ shape in section. The complex is a grid-like structure with a communal layout that allows the complex to be more like a village with whitewashed walls to keep the area cool in the summer. The approach to this social housing unit is similar to approaching a town that is condensed into one block. There is a mixture of high rise and low-rise buildings including two towers of seven and six storeys contrasting to the two level story housing units located along the landscape below. The visitors have access the complex through a 14-storey tower and the garage is located underground which levitates the ‘village’ from traffic and also allows access to different parts of the units. The passageways and streets within this complex are generally very narrow. The complex is comprised of 141 two and threebedroom apartments and also four-bedroom family units of 35 different types. The individual units contain a kitchen, utility rooms, livings rooms and an upstairs bedroom with a terrace. The units contain tall chimneys that are based on Arab chimneys that draw cool air down in through the window at the top of the tower displacing hot air inside of the unit. This produces the natural ventilation in the units. There is also an air conditioning unit as a backup system. The loggias allow for green spaces on a domestic scale which is a feature found in detached villas. The porticos are recessed and bordered by columns. They are open to the air and have mini gardens planted with oak saplings. The residential facilities are spread amongst a vast surface as opposed to being stacked and compacted into a building mass. Within the housing units there are gathering spaces which are open spaces for the community. These open spaces are comprised of criss-crossing broken beams that revitalize the institutionalized nature of tradition public housing projects. Within the residential units there are small, fenced patios. Also, there are mid-sized courtyards for the public as well as large communal, landscaped ‘paseos’ shaded by metal structures for vegetation over a concrete trellis. This all covers 3,000m² of open landscape with growing vegetation. This vegetation grows up the lattices and the walls which provides for shade in the summer. The taller buildings of the two level units are also covered by these plants.

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MVRDV El Mirador Works Cited

Archidose. "Mirador." Welcome to the World of Archidose! Archidose. Web. 10 May 2010. . Galinsky. "Mirador Building Madrid by MVRDV." Galinsky. Web. 10 May 2010. . Http://www.mimoa.eu, Mimoa //. "El Mirador De Sanchinarro, Blanca Lleó Asociados, MVRDV | Madrid | Spain | MIMOA." MIMOA | Modern Architecture Guide | Contributed, Organised, and Mapped by You. MIMOA. Web. 09 May 2010. . MVRDV. "El Mirador." MVRDV. MVRDV. Web. 10 May 2010. .

MVRDV Celosia Works Cited

Bentzen, Thomas. "Celosia A New Building by MVRDV." Archicentral. 05 Nov. 2008. Web. "Celosia Building / MVRDV with Blanca Lleó | ArchDaily." ArchDaily | Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide. ArchDaily. Web. 10 May 2010. . "Dezeen » Blog Archive » Celosia Residence by MVRDV and Blanca Lleó." Dezeen Architecture and Design Magazine. Dezeen. Web. 09 May 2010. . K, David. "Celosia Residence." Mood: Architecture + Design + Interior. 22 Sept. 2009. Web. 9 May 2010. "MVRDV Celosia Residence." Weblog post. Archipreneur. 14 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 May 2010. .

FOA Carabanchel 16 Works Cited

"Carabanchel 16, Public Housing Development, Madrid." Design Build Network. Web. 10 May 2010. . "Carabanchel Housing by FOA." Weblog post. Wallpaper. 22 Aug. 2007. Web. 8 May 2010. . Foreign Office Architects. "Carabanchel Social Housing." Foreign Office Architects Official Site. 2008. Web. 8 May 2010. . Saieh, Nico. "Carabanchel Housing / Foreign Office Architects | ArchDaily." Web log post. ArchDaily | Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide. Arch Daily, 30 May 2008. Web. 10 May 2010. .

Morphosis Carabanchel 11 Works Cited "Carabanchel 11, Public Housing Development, Madrid." Design Build Network. Designbuild-network.com. Web. 9 May 2010. . "Carabanchel 11, Public Housing Development, Morphosis with B+DU Estudio De Arquitectura on Flickr - Photo Sharing!" Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Web. 10 May 2010. . "Morphosis - Madrid Social Housing : Arcspace.com." Architecture Online - Arcspace Is an Architecture and Design Magazine That Features Today's Most Creative Projects as Well as the Most Influential of the Past. 13 Oct. 2008. Web. 10 May 2010. .