Verbos Ingleses , , GUIA PRACTICA Uz-Translations • LA ./j.fa/lorca -15 08029 Barcelona Londres247 Mé:dco 066()(),D
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Verbos Ingleses ,
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GUIA PRACTICA Uz-Translations
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LA ./j.fa/lorca -15 08029 Barcelona
Londres247 Mé:dco 066()(),D. F.
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21 Rue du stontparnasse 75298 Paris Cedex 06
valentin Gomex .35.30 I 191 Buenos Aires
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Uz-Translations
·Introducción Verbosingleses. Guía práctica es un libro de referencia indispensable para iodos aquellos que estén interesados en profundizar en el conocimiento de Ja lengua inglesa. Como bien sabemos, el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera supone, por una parte, el conocimiento de sus reglas gramaticales, y por otra, el dominio de una parte considerable de su. vocabulario. En Verbosingleses encontramos reunidos ambos aspectos: una guía práctica para comprender los modos, tiempos, usos y significados de los verbos ingleses complementada por un amplio repertorio con más de 2.000 frases verbales del inglés de HOY y sus correspondientes equivalencias al español. Al final del texto se ofrece un índice exhaustivo que simplifica la consulta a Jos usuarios.
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D. A C MCMXCVll, POr Edíct0nes lalOYsse, S. A. de C. V. Londres num. 247, México 06600, D. F ISBN 970·607·650-6 978-970-607-65().2 PRIMERA EDICIÓN - 26• relmpresoon Esta Oblli no pulJde ser reproducida, total o P8f'Clalmente, sin auronzactón escnca c!el wlror Larousso y el LogoliPO Larousse son marcas r&g/strades de Larousss, S. A '11pres., en México - Pnnred in MelCICo
ÍNDICE 1 2
Uz-Translations
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8 9 10
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12 13 14
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GLOSARIO DE TÉRMINOS GRAMATICALES . LAS FORMAS VERBALES: CONCEPTOS BÁSICOS . LOS AUXILIARES . LOS TIEMPOS . LOS VERBOS MODELO .. : . LA VOZ P AS J V A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES . LAS CONTRACCIONES . LA INTERROGACIÓN . LA FORMA NEGATIVA . EL IMPERATIVO . PARA EXPRESAR CONDICIÓN . EL GERUNDIO Y EL INFINITIVO . EL SUBJUNTIVO . LOS AUXILIARES MODALES .
17 18
5 7 8 11 13 19 21 23
24 25
28 30
Can-Could
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31 31
May-Might
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33
Must-Had to Ought to
. .
34
Shall-Should Will-Would
: .
37
Used to
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Dare, Need Have, Get 16
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PARA EXPRESAR TIEMPO PRESENTE PARA EXPRESAR TIEMPO PASADO PARA EXPRESAR TIEMPO FUTURO
. . . .
Will y Shall Be going to Be to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Be about to
. . . .
19 PARTÍCULAS VERBALES 20 CLASES DE VERBOS CON PARTÍCULA DICCIONARIO DE VERBOS CON PARTÍCULA ÍNDICE
. . . .
36 38
39 40 40 41 43 47 47
48 50 50 52 70 73 157
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Uz-Translations
GLOSARIO DE TERMINOS GRAMATICALES
ACTIVA
De las dos voces del sistema verbaJ la voz activa es la forma más común, como en Pedro la atiende. Su forma opuesta es la voz pasiva (ella es atendida por Pedro).
AUXILIAR
Los auxiliares se utilizan para formar los tiempos compuestos de otros verbos, por ejemplo en he has gone (se ha ido), has y ha son los verbos auxiliares.
COLOQUIAL
El lenguaje. coloquiaJ es el lenguaje corriente de hoy en día, el que utilizamos aJ hablar. pero no cuando escribimos cartas oficiaJes, contratos etc.
COMPLEMENTO DIRECTO
Existen dos clases de complemento: complemento directo y complemento indirecto. En la oración «He escrito una carta a mi hermano» tenemos dos complementos. «Una carta» es el complemento directo (lo que he escrito) mientras que «mi hermano» es el complemento indirecto (a quien he escrito). En la oración «He visto a mi hermano el sábado» el complemento directo es «mi hermano».
CONDICIONAL
Modo verbal que expresa lo que alguien haría o lo que pasaría si se cumpliese una condición, por ejemplo: Se habría roto si te hubieses sentado encima.
CONJUGACIÓN
La conjugación de un verbo es el conjunto de formas de que se compone, según sus diferentes tiempos y modos.
CONTINUO
Ver FORMA CONTINUA
FORMA BASE
Ver INFINITIVO
FORMA CONTINUA
La forma continua de un verbo se forma con to be + participio presente, como en los siguientes ejemplos: / am thinking, he has been writing ali day, will she be staying witñ us? También recibe el nombre de «forma progresiva».
GERUNDIO
Al gerundio podemos llamarlo «verbo sustantivado». En inglés tiene la misma forma que el participio presente del verbo, es decir: forma base + -ing. Por ejemplo: Skiing is fun (El esquí es divertido), I'm fed up with waiting (estoy harto de esperar).
IMPERATIVO
Este modo es el que se utiliza cuando queremos dar una orden (p.e. ¡Vete!, ¡Cállate!).
INDICATIVO
Es el modo más utilizado. Describe una acción o un estado. como en quiero. ha venido, intentamos. Se opone al subjuntivo, al condicional y al imperativo.
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INFINITIVO
El infinitivo en inglés es la forma base del verbo. la que se encuentra en los diccionarios. vaya o no precedida de to: to eat o eat. (La forma base .no va precedida de to.)
INTERROGATIVO Las palabras interrogativas se utilizan para hacer preguntas o interrogaciones. p.e. «¿quién'!». º. hace referencia al presente o al futuro. Comparelo con would en el capüulo 12 (Para expresar condición): You could do a lot better if you'd only try. Podrías hacerlo mucho mejor con solo intentarlo.
El U\O del subjunuvo lle limita a un uso mu)' formal. En el lcngUC refiere al
As you will aU doubtJess be aware, there have been rumours recently a) WiU se utiliza para insistir en una capacidad, una tendencia natural o inherente. o sobre un comportamiento caractcrítico: Concrete will not normally ñoat, El homiigón nomiaJmeme no flota.
h 'do about... á 'J · Como sin lugar a dudas todos ustedes sabr n, u umarnente an corn rumores de que ... d) Para hacer suposiciones:
The paint will normaJJy last for two to three years. La pintura generalmente resiste dos o tres años. The tank wiJI hold about SO litres. El tanque tiene una capacidad de cincuenta litros. Lea ve him alone and he'll play for hours. Si le dejas se pasará horas jugando.
There's someone at the door. • That'll be Graham. Alguien llama a la puerta. - Será Graham. How old is he now? • He 'll be about 45. ¿Cuántos años tiene ahora? - Tendrá unos 45. e) Para hacer propuestas o invitaciones:
They will keep getting the address wrong! [Se empeñan en escribir mal la dirección!
Will you have aoothe~ cup?. - Thank you, 1 will. ¿,Quieres otra taza? - S1, gracias.
The car won't start on damp mornings. Las mañanas húmedas no hay quien arranque el coche.
Won't you try one of these?. ¿No quiere probar uno de estos?
Would se utiliza en estos casos para hacer referencia al pa~ado: Let him alone and he would play for hours. Si le dejabas solo se pasaba horas jugando. They would insist on calling me «Jacko». Se empeñaban en llamarme «Jacko». l lost it. - You would! That's typical of you! Lo perdí. - ¡No me extraña. siempre ce pasa!
O
Para formular peticiones: WUJ/Would you move your car, pleasez ¿Le importaría mover el coche. por favor?
La utilización de would es más cortés, menos directa. OTROS AUXILIARES 7) USEDTO
h 1 Para dar órdenes o para reforzar una afirmación: \' ou " ill do as yo u are told ! 1 Hará' lo que se te mande! He will (darnn well) do as he's told! ¡Hará lo que le digan! Will ) ou stop lhat right now! Quieres dejarlo ya! 1 will not tolerate this! ¡No "ºY a tolerar esto! 1
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Used to (para expresar una costumbre en el pasado) puede considerarse como una especie de auxiliar. pues el uso de do es opcional: He used not to smoke so rnuch. He dJdn't use to smoke so much. (Antes) no fumaba tanto. A veces equivale al imperfecto español: Did you use to know him? Used you to know him? ¿Le c.onocías? ~los dos ejemplos mencionados la primera forma es la más corriente en tnglés hablado.
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8) DARE-NEED
l6 PARA EXPRESAR TIEMPO PRESENTE
Estos verbos pueden funcionar como verbos léxicos normales o como auxiliares modales. Cuando son auxiliares no toman la -s en la tercera per'ion~ del singular del presente: no se emplea do para formar la negativa o ta interrogativa. y si les sigue un infinitivo. éste no va precedido Je to. a) Como verbo' léxicos normales:
1 don 't dare to say anything.
El presenie simple se emplea: a) Para acontccmuentos habituales o generales o para verdades universales:
I have a hower in the mornings. Me ducho por ta' mañanas. She works for an insurance company.
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o me atrevo a decir nada. Would/Do )OU dare to ask him? ¡,Te atrcv e-, a preguntarle?
b)
1)
Trabaja para una compañía de seguros . Where do you buy your shoes? ¿Dónde te compras los zapatos?
You don 't need to ask first. No necesitas preguntar.
Where do you come from? ¿De dónde "ere'>?
Do 1 need to sign it? ¿Tengo que firmarlo?
What do 1 do when the computer bleeps at me? ¿Qué hago cuando el ordenador me dé un pitido?
Como auxiliares
The earth goes round the sun. La tierra gira alrededor del sol.
modales:
l daren't say anything. No me atrevo a decir nada.
Dare you ask him? ¿Te atreves a preguntarle?
Y ou nccdn 't ask first. Es que no necesitas preguntar.
Need 1 sign it? ¡.Tengo que firmarlo'?
b) Con verbos que expresan un estado anímico. así como los que expresan deseo. desagrado, punto de vista o los que hacen referencia a los seruido-, (gusto, olfato. tacto. vista y oído): 1 (disjlike/love/hate/want
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Oarc también puede funcionar como verbo léxico en las forma!'> interrogativa y negativa (es decir. con do) y al rnixrno tiempo ir seguido por un infinitivo sin lo. como los auxiliares:
1 don 't dare say aoytbiog. No me atrevo a decir nada.
*
En la' proposiciones principales que no son interrogativa, need siempre funciona como verbo léxico normal:
ni negativas
1 need to go to the toilet. Tengo que ir al lavabo. 9J HAVE. GET Have o gel pueden utilizarse como verbo!'> causativos.
como ilustran
los
siguientes ejemplo!'>: We're goíng lo have/get the car resprayed. Vamos a pintar de nuevo el coche. (es decir. nos lo van a hacer) 1 can 't do it myself. but I can have/get it done for you. No puedo hacerlo yo. pero puedo hacer que te lo hagan. Et locutor no es el que realiza la acción. sino que otro se la hace. Cuando have/get van seguido' por un infinitivo en vo» activa el to después de have desaparece, pero se mantiene detrás de gel: 1 '11 have the porter bring them up for you.
that girl.
1 '11 gel the porter to bring them up for you. Haré que la!-> suba el mozo.
1
\le (diors. It took ages to scrape the old paint off. He wa-, taken off 10 a pollee car. we·re going to have to force thc lid off.
2 Da una idea de partida: The car ..,km I) moved off. Thc boys rushed off when they saw the policeman approaching, Don 't hurry off, stay and have sorne tea. He just wandcred off down thc road and 1 never saw him again.
3 Indica el principio de algo, el punto de partida: Le1 me C puede posponer un complemento. knock over -
He got off at Victoria Station. Se bajó en la Estación Victoria.
verbo.)
listen in - Do .) ou mind if l Listen in while you talk '? (.Le importa si escucho rnrentra-, que habla?
VTSS (yerbo 1ransitivo con panícula ~iempre separabter take back -
VIC (lerbo jruransitivo con ~omplemcnto) Esto' xon \ erbos intranvitivos a lo ... que acompaña una partu . ula que ,1 vece-, puede o debe ir seguida de un complemento. join in : They ali joined in the chorus (el complemento the chorus puede omiurse). Todov \e Unieron (al coro). come across - Whcre did you come across that word? Id complc1111..·1110 word es necesario) ¡,Dónde has visto esa palabra" Esta construcción a veces parece correspondcr-,e con Ju de un 'yrho tran~itiH1. p.e en el ...egundo ejemplo. y a veces incluso puede darse una forma p,fü\ ,1: A type of virus which had ncver been com~ across before. Una clase de virus con el que nunca nos habíamos encontrado. VTSEP (}::.erbo transitivo
Ex1\H!r anyonc h,1d.. 8115wer for \IC (a) (re'ipondt•r e/o lf he i..cep-. un al me lii..e thi-.. J v.on't an,v.c1 for my aCl!Oll'.'.. (b) (~er rev10mable de} The people \\hO cleclcd h1m h.l\e a
great deal 10 an . . wer lor
IDSwer to \.IC (a) (responder mue) lf }Ou la) une fingcr on him. )ou·11 ha\c me to an.,wer to. -Who do you answer to tn your job') (bJ ( re5ponda a. ajurrar:,e a) A woman an'>v.cring 10 the description ha~ nccn 'ccn 1n 1he area. argue away 1 v1s:P (911icar i!11porra11cia a) You cannot argue 1hc fact' awa) oLonc deplc11on 1U lo
8lk after v1c (preg1111tar por. i11teresar:-.e por) Lct your fa1her know 1 wa' a:--1..in¡;!
after him.
ª""'
8lk arou~d .1 \ 1 (pre1 \he mu'l be runnmg out of excu.,ei;, by now. -When he finally '>Ummoned up the wura~c to ask her out.. llk up VTSEP (invitur a .wbir a casa de uno) Don't get too exc1ted ll '>heª'"'' you up for coffec - her mother 11\ e' with her!
IUend to v1c (a)
(arender a alg11ie11. ocuparse de algo) Are you berng allentlvcr to rai'>c sorne money.
~e OUt 1 VíSEP (hacer/calcular la media) rvc a\eraoed OUl hov. much 1 spend a week. and it'., frigh1entng. 2 \'I ( alcan::.ar uni:pmmedw) O ver a 1u11 Year lt average!) out quite differently. ~ Yeeaor?ut at v1c (ser por ~érmino medio) How much does thal average ou1 al a
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BLACKOUT
BABBLE A WA Y/ON
out VTSEP (a) (1•ociferar) Picase don't bawl out my name. (b) (echar la bronca) The bo-;l broke up = «111 burmng out. Fig. (b) (desaparecer/e el entusiasmo a alguien) Social workers frcquemly bum out at an early age 2 VTSEP (a) (hacer salir, por causa de un incendio¡ They were burned out (b) (apagar) The fire hali burnt itself out.
burst into vic (a) (irrumpir) She burst into the room. (b) (ponerse a, echara) He
'"'-1' boughi off with
up' 1SEP (a) (amparar} Luok ª'ali thu..,e parceb \he rnu-.1 ha\t: bough1 · up the cn11re store! (b) (e 0111prur i.:rc111de!> cw111dcule.\) Bei.:au"c of the threatened shortage. pcuple haH.' bcen bu) 1ng up toile1 papcr.
\I
burn up 1 v1 (consumirse) The rocket burned up in the atrnosphere. 2 VTSEP (consumir, quemar) Children bum upa 101 of energy playing. -Thi') stove hums up a lor of wood.
(I calm down. -l want you ali to calm down now. childrcn. 2 v1sEP (calmar) Leave it to mum. 'he'll calm him down.
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CHECK IN
CARE FOR
care for v I(. (al 11·111d111 ¡/,·.oc upurs«
dt·J She hu-, -pent year-, caring Ior h;r mvulid mothcr. (bl 1 i:11,tarlt a 11111• all(o '' ali:111. die off vi imarirse uno tras otro¡ By the time he was in his twcnties. his rebtivt!~ had ali died off. -Thcir livestoc~ is dying off as the drought intensific~. die out \ 1 ( exri11 Fam. (a) (matar. liquidar) Somebody on our street was done in last night. (b) (agotar, dejar hecho trizas¡ Christmas shopping always does me in.
Janes? do out VTSEP (limpiar, hacer) Will you do thc kitchen out tornorrow please. Mrs
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\1 ( eternizarse J
T he play dragged on .111d on.
drag out vrxr» tprolonvar¡ 1 had to drag my preventauon
out 10 hll the time
alloucd to me. \TSl:I' (a) ( vubir a rastras¡ Drag u up rhc -..iair\. (b) Fum. (linar. traer/ You drauacd me up to London for thix? (e) (sacara colucton¡ Thcrc'< no nccd to d;ag up tht:.' pa't (d) Fam. (dejar que ~e críen sn/(I\) Tho\e childrt:.'n are being draggcd up. 1101 brought up. -Whcrc were ~·ou draggcd up'?
drag up
urcw along~ide ... 2 \ IC (po11ene draw alongsidc 1'1
(¡1011cnc'
(lj
"'"º
al lacio/a !et
Cu'>toms launch drew alongside
dda la 111/'il/UI ali/Ira
1111\111C1
the liner.
)
The
a/11m1J Thcn thi" b1g ~1erccdc' lflll'
do out of vrssc Fam. (estafar) He always maintained tha; he had becn done out of his inheritance. -They did him out of his share of thc money. do over VTSEP (a) (volver a decorar) The whole house needs doing over. (b) Fam. (dar una buena tunda) The other gang did him over. (e) Am. (rehacer) The teacher said I had to do my project over. do up 1 vi (cerrarse, abrocharse) Clothes that do up at thc front pose fewer problems for people in wheelchairs. 2 :'TSFP (a) (c_errar, ª~':ochar) Do your buuons up. (b) (envolver) It seerns a puy to ope~ u .when 11 s done up so nicely. (e) (renovar) They're doing up ali the buildings on the street.. (d) (ponerse de tiros largos) You've really done yourself up- what s the occasion? do with vic (a) cuando se utiliza con «could» (necesitar) You could do with a haircut. -What l could do with right now is a hot bath. (b) (tener que ver con) He has something to do with computers. -It sounds very fishy to '!le . and you should have nothing to ~o with. it. -That s ~ot nothing to _do with 11! -lt has to do with your rnother, 1 m afraid. -My business has nothing to do with you. (e) (terminar con) l've done wit!' crying to .help people. -He says it's ali over - he's done with her. -lf you ve done with the hammer. pul 1t back where it belongs. do without 1 vrc (prescindir de) We can do without the sarcasm. 2 vi (prescindir de ello) If you don't find anything you like in here, then you'Il have to do without. double back 1 vt (retroceder sobre sus pasos) They felt they ought to double back since they didn't recognize any landmarks. 2 VTSEP (doblar) Double back the bedclothes and Jet the mauress air.
double over/up vt (retorcerse) Tbe pain struck again and she doubled over. -The joke made me double up.
draw away 1
'1
(a) (partir) We v.. aved a~ thc car tire\\
U\.\.Uy.
(h)
(c/i.Ha11ciar.\C'.
separar.1e) The fiN half do1cn runncr" are now beginning to draw av. ay. (e) (aparwne) 1 rnn'1 hclp dra\\ing ª"'ª) \\.hen he touchc' me 2 VT'>l:P ( \tead of dwelling on what might havc bcen.
E ease off/up v1 (bajar el ritmo. la 1·elocidad) He· s becn told to ease off if he doesn·t want a hcart auaclo.. -Ea e up- thcre·s a JO milc an hour limit hcre. eat away VTsrr (erosionar. ('Ottsumir) The action of the wave-, is eating the coastlinc away. eat in v1 (comer e111·asa) l'm ti red of ea1ing in all thc time. eat into v1c (hacer mella en) Long term uncmployment eal'> into people·.., sdfconfidcnce. (mermar) ll's silly lO cal into your saving~ whcn )OU could gel a bank loan.
,,,w
eat out 1 v1 (comer fuera) Let'" eat oul tonight. 2 'T'>EP ( 11u1di J The c.:hild i~ eating her heart out for a pon y= «W niíia se muere de ~ana.\· por tener 1111 pony. » eat up 1 VTSFP (a) (rnmene todo) Eat up your "Pinach. (b) Fi~. (c/e1·orar) Jealousy is caung him up. 2 v1 (coménelo todo} Eat up. the ta>.i·~ v.aiting. -Em up, there · ~ lot~ mQre. ( es decir «no te pm·es»)
=
edge out l v¡ (salir con cawl'la) l opened lhe window and cautiously edged out 2 'TSl:.P (a) (ir ('011 mw·ha ca111ela) She edged her way out on to the ledge. (b) (echar a a/1(111en porn a poco) There · ~ a mO\ e 10 cdge h1m out of 1he chairmanship.
tgg on .vrsr P (a111111ar) h v. a~ ~1ck~ning 10 hear the crowd egg tht: bo'\er" on. -1 w1..,h 1 hadn'1 let you egg me on to accept. tnd up v1 (terminar} No one c"er thought shc ""ould cnd up in pri~on. -Hov. did the film end up'? 1 endcd up telling him in no uncertain 1erm1, \\hall thought.
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ENTERINTO
FIGUREON
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enter into vic (a) (entrar en una actividad¡ We entered into thrs contraer wi1h our eye open. (b) (tener que ver con) Moraluy rarely erucrs into fore1gn policy. enter (up)on '1c ( empezar. tomar) She has eruered on a new career. even out 1 vt (girar en tomo a; para sumas. cantidades etc.¡ Producuon figure., are evening out al about 5 000 per wcck. 2 vrsr> (repartir de forma ecuánime) We have to cven out the burden of caring for the handicupped even up VTSFP (a) (igualar) That last goal evened up the score. -Jf you pay for the meal. that will even things up. (b) (redondear por arriba) 1 hate the.,e odd pennies - just even it up to a pound.
(aU in witb VIC (a) (terminar
explain away VTSEP (justificar de [orma poco convincente¡ He tried to e vplain away his absence from the last meeting. -Explain this away if you can. eye up VTSEP Fam. (mirar a) 1 pa sed the time eyeing up all the men. -1 le eyed up every one of the women at the party.
falJ over_ l v1 (caerse. 110 mantenerse) The \.USe Í). top-heavy, thar's why it keep falhng over, 2 \ I< (a) ( tropezar con J vlove your suucase before someone falls over it. (b) (desvivirse] He was falling ovcr himself to buy the woman a drink.
F
(ali through vt (fracasar) Their plan ... for s vkiing holiday have fallen through. fann out VTSCP (a) (mandar hacerfuera) If deadlinex are to be mct. then sorne of thc work will have to be farmed out. (b) (confiar. dejar) Those two next door are always farming thetr kids ou1
face up to vic (a) (aceptar el hecho) WeIl have to face up to the fact that were not getting any younger. (b) (hacer frente a) lt might help if she faced up 10 her fears of rejection. fade away v1 (apagarse. desaparecer, desvanecerse) The sound of the procession faded away. -Old soldicrs never die, rhey merely fadc away. fade in 1 vt (subir/aparecer poco a poco; en una película) Thc rnusic Iaded in. 2 VTSEP (hacer aparecer progresivamente, en fundido¡ Fade in thc crowd scenes. fade out 1 v1 (desaparecer poco a poco; en una película¡ The rnusic Iades out for the last few seconds. 2 VTSEP (hacer desaparecer progresivamente. en fundido) Fade out che crowd scenes. faU about v1 (partirse de la risa) Her scripts always make me fall about. fall away v1 (a) (hacer cuesta) Be careful - the ground falls away herc. (b) (disminuir) Attendance at committee meetings has been Ialling away recently. fall back VI (retroceder) The demonstrarors fell back when they saw the water can non. falJ back on vic (recurrir a algo en caso de urgencia) I suppose we can always fall back on temporary staff. fall behind v1 (a) (quedarse atrás) He began well but now seems to be faJling behind. (b) (retrasarse en algo) You mustn't fall behind with the payments fall down v1 (a) (caerse al suelo) He fell down and bumped hic; head. (b) (1·e11irst abajo, desplomarse) Why don't they demolish that old building instead of lening it fall down? (e) (no mantenerse) That's where their argument falh down. -If you fall down on this, she won't give you another chance. fall for vic (a) (estar prendado de) He has faJlen for the girl next door. -l've really fallen for that Victorian chair in the antique shop. (b) (tragarse, creerse) You dídn't fal1 for that old story, did you?
poi aceptar) 1 Iell in with the plans for a picnic because the children were vo keen. (b) (juntarse con) The reenagcr nexi door has fallen m \\ uh a bad crowd.
fall off v1 (a) (caerse) 1 was terrified of fatling off and clung to the chirnnev for dear lite. (b) (disminuir) Enrolrnent e, falling off. ' fall on vrc (a) (recaer sobre¡ lf anything goes wrong you can be sure thai the blame will not fall on him. (b) iasaltur¡ Thcy fell on the mcal ar . negro) She really gol 10 me with her sarcasuc rernarks. -You shouldn t lct 11 gct 10 you. (d) (llegar a. conseguir) Did you actually gel to 'peak to the
Prime Mmi-rcr? get together 1 '1 ( quedar. verse J When can wc get togethcr to di,i:u" the projcct? -Hc's geuing together with the bank manager tomorrow 2 'T'>rP (recoger) Get your things together
'º
1
give up on vtc (de¡ar por 1111170.\ible) How can a mother give up on her daughter
and the street likc having people in for tea. (e) (modismo) 10 have it in for omeone (= «tenerla tomada con alguien»).
.. ve ofT v1ss (a) (quiwr. reti;ar) The doctor had the pl~ter off m no ume at all. (b) (quiwr/e a 11110) She's having the plaster off next wcck.
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HURRY ALONG
HAVEON (e) (follar) Tho-,c two look as if they have
11
off cvery night
have on 1 v1sEP (llevar: ropa) He looks torally diffcreru when he hus -.omcthing casual on. 2 \ 1 '>S (a) Fam. (picar a alguien J Didn · t you realizo 1 wa-, ha\tng you on? (b) (tener cosas que hacer¡ She has a lot on ttm wce". -1 have sornething else on. l' m afraid. (e) (tener informacuin sobre¡ He told thc
policc they had nothing on him. - Hed bccn in hoxpital al rhe time. (d) tinstalar. colocar) Once wc have the rootrack on, well be ali set have out' rss (a) (serle a uno sacad« algo) Hcs in hospital ha' mg h11., appenur~ out. (b) (aclarar) Lcts have this out once and for ali. have up vi ss (a) (llevar a JIÚCIO) The two old trarnps werc had up for vagrancy. (b) (montar. instalar¡ They worked ali night to have the exhibiis up in tune Ior the opening.
head for vrc (a) (dirigirse a) Whcre is he hcaded for? -Lcts head Ior home. (b) (ir de cabe;a. llevarse¡ Shc · ~ hcading for a disappointment if shc thmi.. s hev going to propose. -The country ¡.., heading for civil war. head off v rsr> (a) (distraer¡ Head Mum off lor a couple of minutes whilc 1 finish wrapping her prcsent. (b) (evitar) to head off accuvations of favouriusrn .. hcad up VTSt-P (presidir. dirigir¡ How many commirtcex does she heud up? hear of vic generalmente en [arma negativa (permitir¡ 1 won't hcar of you gorng to a hotel when we've gota spare room. hear out \T0 she hit hirn back. hit off' v ISEP (a) (imitar¡ He hits thc prime rninister off vcry wcll. (b) (modismol Wc hit 11 off imrnediately ( = «Conectamos enseguida.»s hit on vtc (dar con) I've h11 on a povsible solution. hit out vi (a) (dar/lanzar Rolpe~) Ali of a suddcn he staned hining out. (b) (atacar] Ali of thc spcakers at the conference hit out at thc proposals.
off
these fancy names for children.
hole up
VI
Fam. (esconderse) The bank robbers decided to hole up for a while.
home in
on v1c (a) (dirigirse defonna automática por) The missiles can home in on the heat of aircraft engines. (b) (dar con, hallar) Shc homed in on my one mistake.
lloc)k up 1 v1 (a) (abrocharse) The dress hooks up. (b) (hacer una emisión conjunta) We will be hooking up with European nctworks to bring you this very special programrne. 2 VTSEP (abrochar) Hook me up.
hive off 1 VI (pasarse a) They're hl\ ing into the retail side of things. 2 \'TSEP (separar. de.\glosar) My boss is furious thal thc company wants to fiive off thc rescarch team.
hot up Fam. 1 v1 (encenderse, ponerse al rojo; discusiones, tonos etc) The
hold against vTssc (reprochar) Why do you huid my past against me'? -1 hold 11 against him that...
hunt down VTSEP (a) (buscar. ir tras los pasos de) They are being hunted down by state and federal police. (b) (hallar, localizar) He was finaJly hunted down.
hold back J \I (mantenerse calladu) 1 held back while the two of them discussed old 11me~. -He held back for a time but finally '>pokc his mind. 2 VTSEI' (a) (('(>nfener) Marshals held the fans back. -He held back hi~ rage. . (b) (mantener en des1•enwja) lt's your poor performance in maths that 1s holding )OU back. (e) (ocultar. resen·arse) She'c; holding something bac'-. 1
argument hotted up when ... -Things are hotting up again on the labour relations front. 2 °\ríSEP (acelerar) They are hotting up the pace.
hunt out VTSEP (encontrar; tras revolver por todas parres) J've hunted out those old family photograph·s you wanted to see. hurry along 1 v1 (ir deprisa, acelerar) Hurry along please. the museum is now cloc;ed. -You're hurrying along as if we werc late. 2 vTSEP (acelerar, dar un
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KEEP OFF
HURRY UP O he deuded Lo JUmp on. 2 v1c Fam. (a) (macar, agredir) The hoohgans JUmped on the old man at the comer of the strcet. (b) (echarse encima de. 11u!tt-rse con. arremeter co111ra) He jump-. on me for the lcast littlc thing
K keel over v1 (a) (:.o:.ohrar. 1·olcarse) The lifeboat keeled ovcr. (b) (deswnmw\e. caerse) The hat stand just keeled o ver.
keep at 1 v1c (a) (trab~jarse algo más) lf he wanis to get into university, he'll have ~o kcep at h1s m.aths. (b) (importunar) Thc pair of Lhem kcpl at me. mornmg. noon and n1ght. 2 vTssc (hacer Trabajar en) Thc boss kcpt u1., hard at il ali morning.
Mep away 1 v1 (a) (mantenerse alejado, apartarse) 1 kncw you had visitor~. so 1 kept away. (b) (ignorar. pasar de) She can·r keep away from chocolate'.
2 VTSS (mantener alejado) Keep him away from me. Mep back 1 v1 (echane atrás, retroceder) A policeman was tcllmg people to keep back. 2 \TSEr> (a) (contener. manrener fuera de) The marshal' at thc rock concen hada JOb keepmg thc fans back from the stage. (b) (n111te11t'r) 1 couldn'_t keep back my tears. (e) (callarse. ondrar) She·s kecping somcthmg back from uc;. (d) (wspender) We do not tilo.e keeping children back but in thi-. ca ...e feel we have no altern.ative. (e) (rerrmar) Am 1 kceping you bact.. '!
keep do~n 1 v1 (agacha~.\e) Kcep down or he'll see us. 2 \TSS (a) (hc1JarJ The banging is jarring on rny ncrves.
jazz up 'T..,t-1' Fum. (animar) lt:s vcry dull in here ton~ght - couldn'r wc jau 1h111g-. up a bit'? (alegrar) Jazz up a plum drcvs with sorne costume jC\\CllC!J
jockey for \ ic ( disputarse: un empleo. un cargo) Everyone is jockcying for che poviuon of
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chairperson.
jockey into \ rssc (persuadir) They jockeyed me into volunteermg ID} 'en ice